[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":163709},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained":3,"nav-reference":1928},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":1921,"extension":1922,"meta":1923,"navigation":91,"path":1924,"seo":1925,"stem":1926,"__hash__":1927},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained.md","Python str() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":1878},"minimark",[9,19,26,32,37,124,130,163,169,176,181,184,225,228,242,246,249,265,271,276,279,337,341,356,368,372,377,435,439,463,467,525,529,553,557,616,620,644,648,723,727,763,770,776,781,784,798,801,882,886,907,915,924,927,939,941,1012,1016,1055,1058,1084,1092,1101,1104,1116,1122,1128,1132,1139,1144,1224,1228,1269,1273,1276,1303,1306,1329,1332,1339,1342,1380,1397,1405,1408,1462,1465,1498,1501,1505,1513,1516,1532,1534,1592,1596,1620,1624,1630,1646,1656,1660,1663,1747,1759,1763,1770,1773,1780,1783,1790,1793,1800,1803,1813,1822,1826,1874],[10,11,13,14,18],"h1",{"id":12},"python-str-function-explained","Python ",[15,16,17],"code",{},"str()"," Function Explained",[20,21,22,23,25],"p",{},"The Python ",[15,24,17],{}," function converts a value into a string.",[20,27,28,29,31],{},"A string is text in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,30,17],{}," when they need to turn a number into text before combining it with other strings.",[33,34,36],"h2",{"id":35},"quick-example","Quick example",[38,39,44],"pre",{"className":40,"code":41,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"language-python shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter github-light github-dark","age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n","python","",[15,45,46,63,86,93,107],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48,51,55,59],"span",{"class":49,"line":50},"line",1,[47,52,54],{"class":53},"su5hD","age ",[47,56,58],{"class":57},"smGrS","=",[47,60,62],{"class":61},"srdBf"," 25\n",[47,64,66,69,71,75,79,83],{"class":49,"line":65},2,[47,67,68],{"class":53},"text ",[47,70,58],{"class":57},[47,72,74],{"class":73},"sZMiF"," str",[47,76,78],{"class":77},"sP7_E","(",[47,80,82],{"class":81},"slqww","age",[47,84,85],{"class":77},")\n",[47,87,89],{"class":49,"line":88},3,[47,90,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},true,"\n",[47,94,96,100,102,105],{"class":49,"line":95},4,[47,97,99],{"class":98},"sptTA","print",[47,101,78],{"class":77},[47,103,104],{"class":81},"text",[47,106,85],{"class":77},[47,108,110,112,114,117,119,121],{"class":49,"line":109},5,[47,111,99],{"class":98},[47,113,78],{"class":77},[47,115,116],{"class":73},"type",[47,118,78],{"class":77},[47,120,104],{"class":81},[47,122,123],{"class":77},"))\n",[20,125,126],{},[127,128,129],"strong",{},"Output:",[38,131,133],{"className":40,"code":132,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,134,135,140],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,136,137],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138,139],{"class":61},"25\n",[47,141,142,145,149,153,157,160],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,143,144],{"class":57},"\u003C",[47,146,148],{"class":147},"sbsja","class",[47,150,152],{"class":151},"sjJ54"," '",[47,154,156],{"class":155},"s_sjI","str",[47,158,159],{"class":151},"'",[47,161,162],{"class":57},">\n",[20,164,165,166,168],{},"Use ",[15,167,17],{}," when you need a string version of a value, such as a number before joining or concatenating text.",[33,170,172,173,175],{"id":171},"what-str-does","What ",[15,174,17],{}," does",[20,177,178,180],{},[15,179,17],{}," converts a value into a string.",[20,182,183],{},"That means:",[185,186,187,198,207,216],"ul",{},[188,189,190,191,194,195],"li",{},"An integer like ",[15,192,193],{},"10"," becomes ",[15,196,197],{},"\"10\"",[188,199,200,201,194,204],{},"A float like ",[15,202,203],{},"3.14",[15,205,206],{},"\"3.14\"",[188,208,209,210,194,213],{},"A boolean like ",[15,211,212],{},"True",[15,214,215],{},"\"True\"",[188,217,218,219,194,222],{},"A list like ",[15,220,221],{},"[1, 2, 3]",[15,223,224],{},"\"[1, 2, 3]\"",[20,226,227],{},"The result is text, so you can:",[185,229,230,233,236,239],{},[188,231,232],{},"print it",[188,234,235],{},"combine it with other strings",[188,237,238],{},"save it to a file",[188,240,241],{},"use it in messages",[33,243,245],{"id":244},"basic-syntax","Basic syntax",[20,247,248],{},"The basic syntax is:",[38,250,252],{"className":40,"code":251,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"str(object)\n",[15,253,254],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,255,256,258,260,263],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,257,156],{"class":73},[47,259,78],{"class":77},[47,261,262],{"class":73},"object",[47,264,85],{"class":77},[20,266,267,268,270],{},"Here, ",[15,269,262],{}," is the value you want to convert.",[20,272,273,275],{},[15,274,17],{}," always returns a string.",[20,277,278],{},"A very common beginner use case is converting a number before combining it with text:",[38,280,282],{"className":40,"code":281,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"score = 100\nmessage = \"Your score is \" + str(score)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,283,284,294,322,326],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,285,286,289,291],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,287,288],{"class":53},"score ",[47,290,58],{"class":57},[47,292,293],{"class":61}," 100\n",[47,295,296,299,301,304,307,310,313,315,317,320],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,297,298],{"class":53},"message ",[47,300,58],{"class":57},[47,302,303],{"class":151}," \"",[47,305,306],{"class":155},"Your score is ",[47,308,309],{"class":151},"\"",[47,311,312],{"class":57}," +",[47,314,74],{"class":73},[47,316,78],{"class":77},[47,318,319],{"class":81},"score",[47,321,85],{"class":77},[47,323,324],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,325,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,327,328,330,332,335],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,329,99],{"class":98},[47,331,78],{"class":77},[47,333,334],{"class":81},"message",[47,336,85],{"class":77},[20,338,339],{},[127,340,129],{},[38,342,344],{"className":40,"code":343,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Your score is 100\n",[15,345,346],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,347,348,351,354],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,349,350],{"class":53},"Your score ",[47,352,353],{"class":57},"is",[47,355,293],{"class":61},[20,357,358,359,367],{},"If you are not sure what type a value has, the ",[360,361,363,366],"a",{"href":362},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained\u002F",[15,364,365],{},"type()"," function"," can help you check.",[33,369,371],{"id":370},"simple-examples","Simple examples",[373,374,376],"h3",{"id":375},"convert-an-integer-to-a-string","Convert an integer to a string",[38,378,380],{"className":40,"code":379,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"number = 10\ntext = str(number)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,381,382,392,407,411,421],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,383,384,387,389],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,385,386],{"class":53},"number ",[47,388,58],{"class":57},[47,390,391],{"class":61}," 10\n",[47,393,394,396,398,400,402,405],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,395,68],{"class":53},[47,397,58],{"class":57},[47,399,74],{"class":73},[47,401,78],{"class":77},[47,403,404],{"class":81},"number",[47,406,85],{"class":77},[47,408,409],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,410,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,412,413,415,417,419],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,414,99],{"class":98},[47,416,78],{"class":77},[47,418,104],{"class":81},[47,420,85],{"class":77},[47,422,423,425,427,429,431,433],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,424,99],{"class":98},[47,426,78],{"class":77},[47,428,116],{"class":73},[47,430,78],{"class":77},[47,432,104],{"class":81},[47,434,123],{"class":77},[20,436,437],{},[127,438,129],{},[38,440,442],{"className":40,"code":441,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"10\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,443,444,449],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,445,446],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,447,448],{"class":61},"10\n",[47,450,451,453,455,457,459,461],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,452,144],{"class":57},[47,454,148],{"class":147},[47,456,152],{"class":151},[47,458,156],{"class":155},[47,460,159],{"class":151},[47,462,162],{"class":57},[373,464,466],{"id":465},"convert-a-float-to-a-string","Convert a float to a string",[38,468,470],{"className":40,"code":469,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"price = 3.14\ntext = str(price)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,471,472,482,497,501,511],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,473,474,477,479],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,475,476],{"class":53},"price ",[47,478,58],{"class":57},[47,480,481],{"class":61}," 3.14\n",[47,483,484,486,488,490,492,495],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,485,68],{"class":53},[47,487,58],{"class":57},[47,489,74],{"class":73},[47,491,78],{"class":77},[47,493,494],{"class":81},"price",[47,496,85],{"class":77},[47,498,499],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,500,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,502,503,505,507,509],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,504,99],{"class":98},[47,506,78],{"class":77},[47,508,104],{"class":81},[47,510,85],{"class":77},[47,512,513,515,517,519,521,523],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,514,99],{"class":98},[47,516,78],{"class":77},[47,518,116],{"class":73},[47,520,78],{"class":77},[47,522,104],{"class":81},[47,524,123],{"class":77},[20,526,527],{},[127,528,129],{},[38,530,532],{"className":40,"code":531,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"3.14\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,533,534,539],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,535,536],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,537,538],{"class":61},"3.14\n",[47,540,541,543,545,547,549,551],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,542,144],{"class":57},[47,544,148],{"class":147},[47,546,152],{"class":151},[47,548,156],{"class":155},[47,550,159],{"class":151},[47,552,162],{"class":57},[373,554,556],{"id":555},"convert-a-boolean-to-a-string","Convert a boolean to a string",[38,558,560],{"className":40,"code":559,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = True\ntext = str(value)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,561,562,573,588,592,602],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,563,564,567,569],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,565,566],{"class":53},"value ",[47,568,58],{"class":57},[47,570,572],{"class":571},"s39Yj"," True\n",[47,574,575,577,579,581,583,586],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,576,68],{"class":53},[47,578,58],{"class":57},[47,580,74],{"class":73},[47,582,78],{"class":77},[47,584,585],{"class":81},"value",[47,587,85],{"class":77},[47,589,590],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,591,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,593,594,596,598,600],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,595,99],{"class":98},[47,597,78],{"class":77},[47,599,104],{"class":81},[47,601,85],{"class":77},[47,603,604,606,608,610,612,614],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,605,99],{"class":98},[47,607,78],{"class":77},[47,609,116],{"class":73},[47,611,78],{"class":77},[47,613,104],{"class":81},[47,615,123],{"class":77},[20,617,618],{},[127,619,129],{},[38,621,623],{"className":40,"code":622,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"True\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,624,625,630],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,626,627],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,628,629],{"class":571},"True\n",[47,631,632,634,636,638,640,642],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,633,144],{"class":57},[47,635,148],{"class":147},[47,637,152],{"class":151},[47,639,156],{"class":155},[47,641,159],{"class":151},[47,643,162],{"class":57},[373,645,647],{"id":646},"convert-a-list-to-a-string","Convert a list to a string",[38,649,651],{"className":40,"code":650,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [1, 2, 3]\ntext = str(items)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,652,653,680,695,699,709],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,654,655,658,660,663,666,669,672,674,677],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,656,657],{"class":53},"items ",[47,659,58],{"class":57},[47,661,662],{"class":77}," [",[47,664,665],{"class":61},"1",[47,667,668],{"class":77},",",[47,670,671],{"class":61}," 2",[47,673,668],{"class":77},[47,675,676],{"class":61}," 3",[47,678,679],{"class":77},"]\n",[47,681,682,684,686,688,690,693],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,683,68],{"class":53},[47,685,58],{"class":57},[47,687,74],{"class":73},[47,689,78],{"class":77},[47,691,692],{"class":81},"items",[47,694,85],{"class":77},[47,696,697],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,698,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,700,701,703,705,707],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,702,99],{"class":98},[47,704,78],{"class":77},[47,706,104],{"class":81},[47,708,85],{"class":77},[47,710,711,713,715,717,719,721],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,712,99],{"class":98},[47,714,78],{"class":77},[47,716,116],{"class":73},[47,718,78],{"class":77},[47,720,104],{"class":81},[47,722,123],{"class":77},[20,724,725],{},[127,726,129],{},[38,728,730],{"className":40,"code":729,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,731,732,749],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,733,734,737,739,741,743,745,747],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,735,736],{"class":77},"[",[47,738,665],{"class":61},[47,740,668],{"class":77},[47,742,671],{"class":61},[47,744,668],{"class":77},[47,746,676],{"class":61},[47,748,679],{"class":77},[47,750,751,753,755,757,759,761],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,752,144],{"class":57},[47,754,148],{"class":147},[47,756,152],{"class":151},[47,758,156],{"class":155},[47,760,159],{"class":151},[47,762,162],{"class":57},[20,764,765,766,769],{},"This gives you the string form of the list. It does ",[127,767,768],{},"not"," join the items into a clean sentence.",[33,771,773,774],{"id":772},"when-to-use-str","When to use ",[15,775,17],{},[20,777,165,778,780],{},[15,779,17],{}," when you want a text representation of another data type.",[20,782,783],{},"Common cases:",[185,785,786,789,792,795],{},[188,787,788],{},"Before concatenating text with numbers",[188,790,791],{},"Before writing mixed values to a file",[188,793,794],{},"Before displaying values in messages",[188,796,797],{},"When you want text instead of a numeric value",[20,799,800],{},"Example:",[38,802,804],{"className":40,"code":803,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 25\n\nmessage = name + \" is \" + str(age) + \" years old.\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,805,806,821,829,833,872],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,807,808,811,813,815,818],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,809,810],{"class":53},"name ",[47,812,58],{"class":57},[47,814,303],{"class":151},[47,816,817],{"class":155},"Maya",[47,819,820],{"class":151},"\"\n",[47,822,823,825,827],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,824,54],{"class":53},[47,826,58],{"class":57},[47,828,62],{"class":61},[47,830,831],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,832,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,834,835,837,839,842,845,847,850,852,854,856,858,860,863,865,867,870],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,836,298],{"class":53},[47,838,58],{"class":57},[47,840,841],{"class":53}," name ",[47,843,844],{"class":57},"+",[47,846,303],{"class":151},[47,848,849],{"class":155}," is ",[47,851,309],{"class":151},[47,853,312],{"class":57},[47,855,74],{"class":73},[47,857,78],{"class":77},[47,859,82],{"class":81},[47,861,862],{"class":77},")",[47,864,312],{"class":57},[47,866,303],{"class":151},[47,868,869],{"class":155}," years old.",[47,871,820],{"class":151},[47,873,874,876,878,880],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,875,99],{"class":98},[47,877,78],{"class":77},[47,879,334],{"class":81},[47,881,85],{"class":77},[20,883,884],{},[127,885,129],{},[38,887,889],{"className":40,"code":888,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Maya is 25 years old.\n",[15,890,891],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,892,893,896,898,901,904],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,894,895],{"class":53},"Maya ",[47,897,353],{"class":57},[47,899,900],{"class":61}," 25",[47,902,903],{"class":53}," years old",[47,905,906],{"class":77},".\n",[20,908,909,910,914],{},"If you need help with cleaner message building, see ",[360,911,913],{"href":912},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-format-strings-in-python\u002F","how to format strings in Python",".",[33,916,918,920,921],{"id":917},"str-vs-print",[15,919,17],{}," vs ",[15,922,923],{},"print()",[20,925,926],{},"These two functions do different jobs:",[185,928,929,934],{},[188,930,931,933],{},[15,932,17],{}," converts a value and returns a string",[188,935,936,938],{},[15,937,923],{}," displays output on the screen",[20,940,800],{},[38,942,944],{"className":40,"code":943,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 42\n\ntext = str(value)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,945,946,955,959,973,983,997],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,947,948,950,952],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,949,566],{"class":53},[47,951,58],{"class":57},[47,953,954],{"class":61}," 42\n",[47,956,957],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,958,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,960,961,963,965,967,969,971],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,962,68],{"class":53},[47,964,58],{"class":57},[47,966,74],{"class":73},[47,968,78],{"class":77},[47,970,585],{"class":81},[47,972,85],{"class":77},[47,974,975,977,979,981],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,976,99],{"class":98},[47,978,78],{"class":77},[47,980,104],{"class":81},[47,982,85],{"class":77},[47,984,985,987,989,991,993,995],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,986,99],{"class":98},[47,988,78],{"class":77},[47,990,116],{"class":73},[47,992,78],{"class":77},[47,994,104],{"class":81},[47,996,123],{"class":77},[47,998,1000,1002,1004,1006,1008,1010],{"class":49,"line":999},6,[47,1001,99],{"class":98},[47,1003,78],{"class":77},[47,1005,116],{"class":73},[47,1007,78],{"class":77},[47,1009,585],{"class":81},[47,1011,123],{"class":77},[20,1013,1014],{},[127,1015,129],{},[38,1017,1019],{"className":40,"code":1018,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,1020,1021,1026,1040],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,1022,1023],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,1024,1025],{"class":61},"42\n",[47,1027,1028,1030,1032,1034,1036,1038],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,1029,144],{"class":57},[47,1031,148],{"class":147},[47,1033,152],{"class":151},[47,1035,156],{"class":155},[47,1037,159],{"class":151},[47,1039,162],{"class":57},[47,1041,1042,1044,1046,1048,1051,1053],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,1043,144],{"class":57},[47,1045,148],{"class":147},[47,1047,152],{"class":151},[47,1049,1050],{"class":155},"int",[47,1052,159],{"class":151},[47,1054,162],{"class":57},[20,1056,1057],{},"Notice:",[185,1059,1060,1066,1071],{},[188,1061,1062,1065],{},[15,1063,1064],{},"str(value)"," created a string",[188,1067,1068,1070],{},[15,1069,923],{}," only displayed values",[188,1072,1073,1075,1076,1078,1079,1081,1082],{},[15,1074,923],{}," did not change ",[15,1077,585],{}," from ",[15,1080,1050],{}," to ",[15,1083,156],{},[20,1085,1086,1087,914],{},"You can learn more about output with the ",[360,1088,1090,366],{"href":1089},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained\u002F",[15,1091,923],{},[33,1093,1095,920,1097,1100],{"id":1094},"str-vs-repr-for-beginners",[15,1096,17],{},[15,1098,1099],{},"repr()"," for beginners",[20,1102,1103],{},"For beginners, the main idea is simple:",[185,1105,1106,1111],{},[188,1107,1108,1110],{},[15,1109,17],{}," is the more readable text version",[188,1112,1113,1115],{},[15,1114,1099],{}," is more developer-focused",[20,1117,1118,1119,1121],{},"In everyday beginner code, you will usually need ",[15,1120,17],{}," much more often.",[20,1123,1124,1125,1127],{},"For example, when showing values in a message, ",[15,1126,17],{}," is usually the right choice.",[33,1129,1131],{"id":1130},"common-beginner-mistakes","Common beginner mistakes",[373,1133,1135,1136,1138],{"id":1134},"thinking-str-changes-the-original-variable","Thinking ",[15,1137,17],{}," changes the original variable",[20,1140,1141,1143],{},[15,1142,17],{}," does not modify the original value. It returns a new string.",[38,1145,1147],{"className":40,"code":1146,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,1148,1149,1157,1171,1175,1185,1199,1209],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,1150,1151,1153,1155],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,1152,54],{"class":53},[47,1154,58],{"class":57},[47,1156,62],{"class":61},[47,1158,1159,1161,1163,1165,1167,1169],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,1160,68],{"class":53},[47,1162,58],{"class":57},[47,1164,74],{"class":73},[47,1166,78],{"class":77},[47,1168,82],{"class":81},[47,1170,85],{"class":77},[47,1172,1173],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,1174,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,1176,1177,1179,1181,1183],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,1178,99],{"class":98},[47,1180,78],{"class":77},[47,1182,82],{"class":81},[47,1184,85],{"class":77},[47,1186,1187,1189,1191,1193,1195,1197],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,1188,99],{"class":98},[47,1190,78],{"class":77},[47,1192,116],{"class":73},[47,1194,78],{"class":77},[47,1196,82],{"class":81},[47,1198,123],{"class":77},[47,1200,1201,1203,1205,1207],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,1202,99],{"class":98},[47,1204,78],{"class":77},[47,1206,104],{"class":81},[47,1208,85],{"class":77},[47,1210,1212,1214,1216,1218,1220,1222],{"class":49,"line":1211},7,[47,1213,99],{"class":98},[47,1215,78],{"class":77},[47,1217,116],{"class":73},[47,1219,78],{"class":77},[47,1221,104],{"class":81},[47,1223,123],{"class":77},[20,1225,1226],{},[127,1227,129],{},[38,1229,1231],{"className":40,"code":1230,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,1232,1233,1237,1251,1255],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,1234,1235],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,1236,139],{"class":61},[47,1238,1239,1241,1243,1245,1247,1249],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,1240,144],{"class":57},[47,1242,148],{"class":147},[47,1244,152],{"class":151},[47,1246,1050],{"class":155},[47,1248,159],{"class":151},[47,1250,162],{"class":57},[47,1252,1253],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,1254,139],{"class":61},[47,1256,1257,1259,1261,1263,1265,1267],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,1258,144],{"class":57},[47,1260,148],{"class":147},[47,1262,152],{"class":151},[47,1264,156],{"class":155},[47,1266,159],{"class":151},[47,1268,162],{"class":57},[373,1270,1272],{"id":1271},"forgetting-to-store-the-result","Forgetting to store the result",[20,1274,1275],{},"This works:",[38,1277,1279],{"className":40,"code":1278,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n",[15,1280,1281,1289],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,1282,1283,1285,1287],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,1284,54],{"class":53},[47,1286,58],{"class":57},[47,1288,62],{"class":61},[47,1290,1291,1293,1295,1297,1299,1301],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,1292,68],{"class":53},[47,1294,58],{"class":57},[47,1296,74],{"class":73},[47,1298,78],{"class":77},[47,1300,82],{"class":81},[47,1302,85],{"class":77},[20,1304,1305],{},"But if you only do this:",[38,1307,1309],{"className":40,"code":1308,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"age = 25\nstr(age)\n",[15,1310,1311,1319],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,1312,1313,1315,1317],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,1314,54],{"class":53},[47,1316,58],{"class":57},[47,1318,62],{"class":61},[47,1320,1321,1323,1325,1327],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,1322,156],{"class":73},[47,1324,78],{"class":77},[47,1326,82],{"class":81},[47,1328,85],{"class":77},[20,1330,1331],{},"the conversion happens, but you did not save the result anywhere.",[373,1333,1335,1336,1338],{"id":1334},"using-str-too-early","Using ",[15,1337,17],{}," too early",[20,1340,1341],{},"If you convert a number to a string, you can no longer use it directly for math.",[38,1343,1345],{"className":40,"code":1344,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"price = 10\ntext_price = str(price)\n\n# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[15,1346,1347,1355,1370,1374],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,1348,1349,1351,1353],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,1350,476],{"class":53},[47,1352,58],{"class":57},[47,1354,391],{"class":61},[47,1356,1357,1360,1362,1364,1366,1368],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,1358,1359],{"class":53},"text_price ",[47,1361,58],{"class":57},[47,1363,74],{"class":73},[47,1365,78],{"class":77},[47,1367,494],{"class":81},[47,1369,85],{"class":77},[47,1371,1372],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,1373,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,1375,1376],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,1377,1379],{"class":1378},"sutJx","# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[20,1381,1382,1383,1389,1390,1396],{},"If you need a number again, convert it back with ",[360,1384,1386],{"href":1385},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained\u002F",[15,1387,1388],{},"int()"," or ",[360,1391,1393],{"href":1392},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained\u002F",[15,1394,1395],{},"float()",", depending on the situation.",[373,1398,1400,1401,1404],{"id":1399},"expecting-strlist_value-to-create-user-friendly-formatting","Expecting ",[15,1402,1403],{},"str(list_value)"," to create user-friendly formatting",[20,1406,1407],{},"This:",[38,1409,1411],{"className":40,"code":1410,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nprint(str(items))\n",[15,1412,1413,1448],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,1414,1415,1417,1419,1421,1423,1426,1428,1430,1432,1435,1437,1439,1441,1444,1446],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,1416,657],{"class":53},[47,1418,58],{"class":57},[47,1420,662],{"class":77},[47,1422,309],{"class":151},[47,1424,1425],{"class":155},"apple",[47,1427,309],{"class":151},[47,1429,668],{"class":77},[47,1431,303],{"class":151},[47,1433,1434],{"class":155},"banana",[47,1436,309],{"class":151},[47,1438,668],{"class":77},[47,1440,303],{"class":151},[47,1442,1443],{"class":155},"orange",[47,1445,309],{"class":151},[47,1447,679],{"class":77},[47,1449,1450,1452,1454,1456,1458,1460],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,1451,99],{"class":98},[47,1453,78],{"class":77},[47,1455,156],{"class":73},[47,1457,78],{"class":77},[47,1459,692],{"class":81},[47,1461,123],{"class":77},[20,1463,1464],{},"prints:",[38,1466,1468],{"className":40,"code":1467,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,1469,1470],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,1471,1472,1474,1476,1478,1480,1482,1484,1486,1488,1490,1492,1494,1496],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,1473,736],{"class":77},[47,1475,159],{"class":151},[47,1477,1425],{"class":155},[47,1479,159],{"class":151},[47,1481,668],{"class":77},[47,1483,152],{"class":151},[47,1485,1434],{"class":155},[47,1487,159],{"class":151},[47,1489,668],{"class":77},[47,1491,152],{"class":151},[47,1493,1443],{"class":155},[47,1495,159],{"class":151},[47,1497,679],{"class":77},[20,1499,1500],{},"That is the string representation of the list. It is not the same as a nicely formatted sentence.",[33,1502,1504],{"id":1503},"return-value","Return value",[20,1506,1507,1509,1510,914],{},[15,1508,17],{}," returns a ",[127,1511,1512],{},"new string",[20,1514,1515],{},"Important points:",[185,1517,1518,1521,1524],{},[188,1519,1520],{},"It always returns a string",[188,1522,1523],{},"It does not modify the original object",[188,1525,1526,1527,1531],{},"You can use ",[360,1528,1529],{"href":362},[15,1530,365],{}," to confirm the result",[20,1533,800],{},[38,1535,1537],{"className":40,"code":1536,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 99\nconverted = str(value)\n\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,1538,1539,1548,1563,1567,1578],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,1540,1541,1543,1545],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,1542,566],{"class":53},[47,1544,58],{"class":57},[47,1546,1547],{"class":61}," 99\n",[47,1549,1550,1553,1555,1557,1559,1561],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,1551,1552],{"class":53},"converted ",[47,1554,58],{"class":57},[47,1556,74],{"class":73},[47,1558,78],{"class":77},[47,1560,585],{"class":81},[47,1562,85],{"class":77},[47,1564,1565],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,1566,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,1568,1569,1571,1573,1576],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,1570,99],{"class":98},[47,1572,78],{"class":77},[47,1574,1575],{"class":81},"converted",[47,1577,85],{"class":77},[47,1579,1580,1582,1584,1586,1588,1590],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,1581,99],{"class":98},[47,1583,78],{"class":77},[47,1585,116],{"class":73},[47,1587,78],{"class":77},[47,1589,1575],{"class":81},[47,1591,123],{"class":77},[20,1593,1594],{},[127,1595,129],{},[38,1597,1599],{"className":40,"code":1598,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"99\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,1600,1601,1606],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,1602,1603],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,1604,1605],{"class":61},"99\n",[47,1607,1608,1610,1612,1614,1616,1618],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,1609,144],{"class":57},[47,1611,148],{"class":147},[47,1613,152],{"class":151},[47,1615,156],{"class":155},[47,1617,159],{"class":151},[47,1619,162],{"class":57},[33,1621,1623],{"id":1622},"common-causes-of-confusion","Common causes of confusion",[20,1625,1626,1627,1629],{},"Beginners usually run into trouble with ",[15,1628,17],{}," for these reasons:",[185,1631,1632,1635,1638,1643],{},[188,1633,1634],{},"Trying to add a string and an integer without conversion",[188,1636,1637],{},"Confusing conversion with printing",[188,1639,1335,1640,1642],{},[15,1641,17],{}," too early and then trying to do math on the result",[188,1644,1645],{},"Assuming list or dictionary conversion creates user-friendly formatting",[20,1647,1648,1649,914],{},"A very common related error happens when you try to combine text and a number directly. If that is your problem, see ",[360,1650,1652,1653],{"href":1651},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-can-only-concatenate-str-not-int-to-str-fix\u002F","how to fix ",[15,1654,1655],{},"TypeError: can only concatenate str not int to str",[33,1657,1659],{"id":1658},"useful-debugging-steps","Useful debugging steps",[20,1661,1662],{},"If you are not sure what is happening, print both the value and its type:",[38,1664,1666],{"className":40,"code":1665,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 25\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nconverted = str(value)\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,1667,1668,1676,1680,1690,1704,1708,1722,1732],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,1669,1670,1672,1674],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,1671,566],{"class":53},[47,1673,58],{"class":57},[47,1675,62],{"class":61},[47,1677,1678],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,1679,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,1681,1682,1684,1686,1688],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,1683,99],{"class":98},[47,1685,78],{"class":77},[47,1687,585],{"class":81},[47,1689,85],{"class":77},[47,1691,1692,1694,1696,1698,1700,1702],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,1693,99],{"class":98},[47,1695,78],{"class":77},[47,1697,116],{"class":73},[47,1699,78],{"class":77},[47,1701,585],{"class":81},[47,1703,123],{"class":77},[47,1705,1706],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,1707,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,1709,1710,1712,1714,1716,1718,1720],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,1711,1552],{"class":53},[47,1713,58],{"class":57},[47,1715,74],{"class":73},[47,1717,78],{"class":77},[47,1719,585],{"class":81},[47,1721,85],{"class":77},[47,1723,1724,1726,1728,1730],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,1725,99],{"class":98},[47,1727,78],{"class":77},[47,1729,1575],{"class":81},[47,1731,85],{"class":77},[47,1733,1735,1737,1739,1741,1743,1745],{"class":49,"line":1734},8,[47,1736,99],{"class":98},[47,1738,78],{"class":77},[47,1740,116],{"class":73},[47,1742,78],{"class":77},[47,1744,1575],{"class":81},[47,1746,123],{"class":77},[20,1748,1749,1750,1752,1753,1756,1757,914],{},"This helps you see exactly when a value changes from ",[15,1751,1050],{},", ",[15,1754,1755],{},"float",", or another type into ",[15,1758,156],{},[33,1760,1762],{"id":1761},"faq","FAQ",[373,1764,1766,1767,1769],{"id":1765},"what-does-str-return-in-python","What does ",[15,1768,17],{}," return in Python?",[20,1771,1772],{},"It returns a string version of the value you pass in.",[373,1774,1776,1777,1779],{"id":1775},"does-str-change-the-original-variable","Does ",[15,1778,17],{}," change the original variable?",[20,1781,1782],{},"No. It creates and returns a new string.",[373,1784,1786,1787,1789],{"id":1785},"can-str-convert-numbers-to-text","Can ",[15,1788,17],{}," convert numbers to text?",[20,1791,1792],{},"Yes. It can convert integers, floats, and other values into strings.",[373,1794,1796,1797,1799],{"id":1795},"why-use-str-before-combining-text-and-numbers","Why use ",[15,1798,17],{}," before combining text and numbers?",[20,1801,1802],{},"Because Python does not let you directly concatenate a string with an integer or float.",[373,1804,1806,1807,1809,1810,1812],{"id":1805},"is-str-the-same-as-print","Is ",[15,1808,17],{}," the same as ",[15,1811,923],{},"?",[20,1814,1815,1816,1818,1819,1821],{},"No. ",[15,1817,17],{}," converts to text. ",[15,1820,923],{}," shows output.",[33,1823,1825],{"id":1824},"see-also","See also",[185,1827,1828,1835,1841,1847,1853,1862,1867],{},[188,1829,1830],{},[360,1831,1832,1834],{"href":1089},[15,1833,923],{}," function explained",[188,1836,1837],{},[360,1838,1839,1834],{"href":362},[15,1840,365],{},[188,1842,1843],{},[360,1844,1845,1834],{"href":1385},[15,1846,1388],{},[188,1848,1849],{},[360,1850,1851,1834],{"href":1392},[15,1852,1395],{},[188,1854,1855],{},[360,1856,1858,1859,1861],{"href":1857},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-int-to-string-in-python\u002F","How to convert ",[15,1860,1050],{}," to string in Python",[188,1863,1864],{},[360,1865,1866],{"href":912},"How to format strings in Python",[188,1868,1869],{},[360,1870,1871,1872],{"href":1651},"Fix ",[15,1873,1655],{},[1875,1876,1877],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":65,"depth":65,"links":1879},[1880,1881,1883,1884,1890,1892,1894,1896,1905,1906,1907,1908,1920],{"id":35,"depth":65,"text":36},{"id":171,"depth":65,"text":1882},"What str() does",{"id":244,"depth":65,"text":245},{"id":370,"depth":65,"text":371,"children":1885},[1886,1887,1888,1889],{"id":375,"depth":88,"text":376},{"id":465,"depth":88,"text":466},{"id":555,"depth":88,"text":556},{"id":646,"depth":88,"text":647},{"id":772,"depth":65,"text":1891},"When to use str()",{"id":917,"depth":65,"text":1893},"str() vs print()",{"id":1094,"depth":65,"text":1895},"str() vs repr() for beginners",{"id":1130,"depth":65,"text":1131,"children":1897},[1898,1900,1901,1903],{"id":1134,"depth":88,"text":1899},"Thinking str() changes the original variable",{"id":1271,"depth":88,"text":1272},{"id":1334,"depth":88,"text":1902},"Using str() too early",{"id":1399,"depth":88,"text":1904},"Expecting str(list_value) to create user-friendly formatting",{"id":1503,"depth":65,"text":1504},{"id":1622,"depth":65,"text":1623},{"id":1658,"depth":65,"text":1659},{"id":1761,"depth":65,"text":1762,"children":1909},[1910,1912,1914,1916,1918],{"id":1765,"depth":88,"text":1911},"What does str() return in Python?",{"id":1775,"depth":88,"text":1913},"Does str() change the original variable?",{"id":1785,"depth":88,"text":1915},"Can str() convert numbers to text?",{"id":1795,"depth":88,"text":1917},"Why use str() before combining text and numbers?",{"id":1805,"depth":88,"text":1919},"Is str() the same as print()?",{"id":1824,"depth":65,"text":1825},"Master python str function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.","md",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained",{"title":5,"description":1921},"reference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained","xSgxPTbh2LeZ2szCzgugEbmUMc6VSvYIjm9yYt9CY3Y",[1929,3505,5209,6905,9042,11244,12761,14937,17144,19602,21440,24004,26100,28382,30329,32240,34235,35673,37500,40025,42181,43409,44780,46424,48742,50585,52567,54261,55514,57207,58958,60930,62679,64778,66138,68089,69652,71643,73437,75335,77777,79855,82495,84524,86486,88674,90671,92984,94665,96110,97304,98482,100322,102762,104466,106481,108005,109250,110413,111795,113864,115761,117535,119401,121520,123094,124556,126150,128073,129750,131685,133174,135958,137535,139094,141122,143074,144537,145726,147612,149023,150719,152273,153695,155098,156996,159390,161221],{"id":1930,"title":1931,"body":1932,"description":3499,"extension":1922,"meta":3500,"navigation":91,"path":3501,"seo":3502,"stem":3503,"__hash__":3504},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained.md","Python abs() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":1933,"toc":3471},[1934,1937,1944,1947,1958,1961,1963,2027,2029,2049,2054,2058,2063,2065,2081,2084,2110,2113,2115,2118,2134,2137,2161,2163,2221,2223,2238,2248,2255,2259,2262,2315,2317,2336,2339,2363,2370,2374,2379,2385,2387,2422,2424,2433,2439,2457,2460,2472,2476,2481,2485,2488,2509,2511,2568,2570,2578,2581,2585,2617,2619,2627,2630,2634,2639,2686,2688,2696,2700,2759,2761,2769,2772,2776,2780,2783,2806,2815,2827,2878,2880,2895,2906,2910,2913,2942,2949,2953,2958,2999,3001,3012,3015,3058,3060,3068,3072,3077,3099,3101,3110,3119,3123,3128,3150,3152,3222,3224,3271,3274,3277,3280,3359,3361,3391,3393,3397,3400,3404,3407,3411,3414,3418,3430,3434,3437,3439,3468],[10,1935,1931],{"id":1936},"python-abs-function-explained",[20,1938,1939,1940,1943],{},"The ",[15,1941,1942],{},"abs()"," function returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,1945,1946],{},"Beginners usually use it when they want:",[185,1948,1949,1952,1955],{},[188,1950,1951],{},"a number without its negative sign",[188,1953,1954],{},"the distance between two numbers",[188,1956,1957],{},"the size of a value without caring whether it is positive or negative",[20,1959,1960],{},"It works with common Python number types such as integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[33,1962,36],{"id":35},[38,1964,1966],{"className":40,"code":1965,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(abs(-7))\nprint(abs(3.5))\nprint(abs(-2+3j))\n",[15,1967,1968,1987,2002],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,1969,1970,1972,1974,1977,1979,1982,1985],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,1971,99],{"class":98},[47,1973,78],{"class":77},[47,1975,1976],{"class":98},"abs",[47,1978,78],{"class":77},[47,1980,1981],{"class":57},"-",[47,1983,1984],{"class":61},"7",[47,1986,123],{"class":77},[47,1988,1989,1991,1993,1995,1997,2000],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,1990,99],{"class":98},[47,1992,78],{"class":77},[47,1994,1976],{"class":98},[47,1996,78],{"class":77},[47,1998,1999],{"class":61},"3.5",[47,2001,123],{"class":77},[47,2003,2004,2006,2008,2010,2012,2014,2017,2019,2022,2025],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,2005,99],{"class":98},[47,2007,78],{"class":77},[47,2009,1976],{"class":98},[47,2011,78],{"class":77},[47,2013,1981],{"class":57},[47,2015,2016],{"class":61},"2",[47,2018,844],{"class":57},[47,2020,2021],{"class":61},"3",[47,2023,2024],{"class":147},"j",[47,2026,123],{"class":77},[20,2028,129],{},[38,2030,2032],{"className":40,"code":2031,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"7\n3.5\n3.605551275463989\n",[15,2033,2034,2039,2044],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,2035,2036],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2037,2038],{"class":61},"7\n",[47,2040,2041],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,2042,2043],{"class":61},"3.5\n",[47,2045,2046],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,2047,2048],{"class":61},"3.605551275463989\n",[20,2050,165,2051,2053],{},[15,2052,1942],{}," to get the absolute value of a number. For complex numbers, it returns the magnitude.",[33,2055,2057],{"id":2056},"what-abs-does","What abs() does",[20,2059,2060,2062],{},[15,2061,1942],{}," returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,2064,183],{},[185,2066,2067,2070,2073],{},[188,2068,2069],{},"negative integers and floats become positive",[188,2071,2072],{},"positive numbers stay the same",[188,2074,2075,2078,2079],{},[15,2076,2077],{},"0"," stays ",[15,2080,2077],{},[20,2082,2083],{},"Examples:",[185,2085,2086,2095,2103],{},[188,2087,2088,2091,2092],{},[15,2089,2090],{},"abs(-5)"," gives ",[15,2093,2094],{},"5",[188,2096,2097,2091,2100],{},[15,2098,2099],{},"abs(9)",[15,2101,2102],{},"9",[188,2104,2105,2091,2108],{},[15,2106,2107],{},"abs(0)",[15,2109,2077],{},[20,2111,2112],{},"This is useful when you care about how large a number is, but not whether it is positive or negative.",[33,2114,245],{"id":244},[20,2116,2117],{},"The syntax is:",[38,2119,2121],{"className":40,"code":2120,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"abs(x)\n",[15,2122,2123],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,2124,2125,2127,2129,2132],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2126,1976],{"class":98},[47,2128,78],{"class":77},[47,2130,2131],{"class":81},"x",[47,2133,85],{"class":77},[20,2135,2136],{},"Here:",[185,2138,2139,2153,2158],{},[188,2140,2141,2143,2144,1752,2146,2148,2149,2152],{},[15,2142,2131],{}," is usually an ",[15,2145,1050],{},[15,2147,1755],{},", or ",[15,2150,2151],{},"complex"," number",[188,2154,2155,2157],{},[15,2156,1942],{}," returns a new value",[188,2159,2160],{},"it does not change the original variable",[20,2162,800],{},[38,2164,2166],{"className":40,"code":2165,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"number = -12\nresult = abs(number)\n\nprint(number)\nprint(result)\n",[15,2167,2168,2180,2196,2200,2210],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,2169,2170,2172,2174,2177],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2171,386],{"class":53},[47,2173,58],{"class":57},[47,2175,2176],{"class":57}," -",[47,2178,2179],{"class":61},"12\n",[47,2181,2182,2185,2187,2190,2192,2194],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,2183,2184],{"class":53},"result ",[47,2186,58],{"class":57},[47,2188,2189],{"class":98}," abs",[47,2191,78],{"class":77},[47,2193,404],{"class":81},[47,2195,85],{"class":77},[47,2197,2198],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,2199,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,2201,2202,2204,2206,2208],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,2203,99],{"class":98},[47,2205,78],{"class":77},[47,2207,404],{"class":81},[47,2209,85],{"class":77},[47,2211,2212,2214,2216,2219],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,2213,99],{"class":98},[47,2215,78],{"class":77},[47,2217,2218],{"class":81},"result",[47,2220,85],{"class":77},[20,2222,129],{},[38,2224,2226],{"className":40,"code":2225,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"-12\n12\n",[15,2227,2228,2234],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,2229,2230,2232],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2231,1981],{"class":57},[47,2233,2179],{"class":61},[47,2235,2236],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,2237,2179],{"class":61},[20,2239,2240,2241,2243,2244,2247],{},"Notice that ",[15,2242,404],{}," is still ",[15,2245,2246],{},"-12",". If you want to keep the absolute value, you must store it in a variable.",[20,2249,358,2250,2254],{},[360,2251,2252,366],{"href":362},[15,2253,365],{}," can help.",[33,2256,2258],{"id":2257},"examples-with-integers-and-floats","Examples with integers and floats",[20,2260,2261],{},"Here are some basic examples:",[38,2263,2265],{"className":40,"code":2264,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(abs(-10))\nprint(abs(8))\nprint(abs(-4.2))\n",[15,2266,2267,2283,2298],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,2268,2269,2271,2273,2275,2277,2279,2281],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2270,99],{"class":98},[47,2272,78],{"class":77},[47,2274,1976],{"class":98},[47,2276,78],{"class":77},[47,2278,1981],{"class":57},[47,2280,193],{"class":61},[47,2282,123],{"class":77},[47,2284,2285,2287,2289,2291,2293,2296],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,2286,99],{"class":98},[47,2288,78],{"class":77},[47,2290,1976],{"class":98},[47,2292,78],{"class":77},[47,2294,2295],{"class":61},"8",[47,2297,123],{"class":77},[47,2299,2300,2302,2304,2306,2308,2310,2313],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,2301,99],{"class":98},[47,2303,78],{"class":77},[47,2305,1976],{"class":98},[47,2307,78],{"class":77},[47,2309,1981],{"class":57},[47,2311,2312],{"class":61},"4.2",[47,2314,123],{"class":77},[20,2316,129],{},[38,2318,2320],{"className":40,"code":2319,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"10\n8\n4.2\n",[15,2321,2322,2326,2331],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,2323,2324],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2325,448],{"class":61},[47,2327,2328],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,2329,2330],{"class":61},"8\n",[47,2332,2333],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,2334,2335],{"class":61},"4.2\n",[20,2337,2338],{},"What each line does:",[185,2340,2341,2349,2356],{},[188,2342,2343,2346,2347],{},[15,2344,2345],{},"abs(-10)"," returns ",[15,2348,193],{},[188,2350,2351,2346,2354],{},[15,2352,2353],{},"abs(8)",[15,2355,2295],{},[188,2357,2358,2346,2361],{},[15,2359,2360],{},"abs(-4.2)",[15,2362,2312],{},[20,2364,2365,2366,914],{},"This works because integers and floats are standard numeric types in Python. If you want a refresher, see ",[360,2367,2369],{"href":2368},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-numbers-explained-int-float-complex\u002F","Python numbers explained: int, float, complex",[33,2371,2373],{"id":2372},"example-with-complex-numbers","Example with complex numbers",[20,2375,2376,2378],{},[15,2377,1942],{}," also works with complex numbers.",[20,2380,2381,2382,2384],{},"For a complex number, it returns the distance from ",[15,2383,2077],{}," in the complex plane. You do not need advanced math to use this. In practice, it gives the size, or magnitude, of the complex number.",[20,2386,800],{},[38,2388,2390],{"className":40,"code":2389,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 3 + 4j\nprint(abs(value))\n",[15,2391,2392,2408],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,2393,2394,2396,2398,2400,2402,2405],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2395,566],{"class":53},[47,2397,58],{"class":57},[47,2399,676],{"class":61},[47,2401,312],{"class":57},[47,2403,2404],{"class":61}," 4",[47,2406,2407],{"class":147},"j\n",[47,2409,2410,2412,2414,2416,2418,2420],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,2411,99],{"class":98},[47,2413,78],{"class":77},[47,2415,1976],{"class":98},[47,2417,78],{"class":77},[47,2419,585],{"class":81},[47,2421,123],{"class":77},[20,2423,129],{},[38,2425,2427],{"className":40,"code":2426,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"5.0\n",[15,2428,2429],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,2430,2431],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2432,2426],{"class":61},[20,2434,2435,2436,1812],{},"Why ",[15,2437,2438],{},"5.0",[185,2440,2441,2446,2452],{},[188,2442,2443,2444],{},"the real part is ",[15,2445,2021],{},[188,2447,2448,2449],{},"the imaginary part is ",[15,2450,2451],{},"4",[188,2453,2454,2455],{},"the magnitude is ",[15,2456,2438],{},[20,2458,2459],{},"For beginners, the main thing to remember is simple:",[185,2461,2462,2469],{},[188,2463,2464,2466,2467],{},[15,2465,1942],{}," on a complex number returns a ",[15,2468,1755],{},[188,2470,2471],{},"it gives the number's magnitude, not a complex number back",[33,2473,2475],{"id":2474},"common-beginner-uses","Common beginner uses",[20,2477,2478,2479,914],{},"Here are some common ways beginners use ",[15,2480,1942],{},[373,2482,2484],{"id":2483},"finding-the-distance-between-two-numbers","Finding the distance between two numbers",[20,2486,2487],{},"A very common pattern is:",[38,2489,2491],{"className":40,"code":2490,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"abs(a - b)\n",[15,2492,2493],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,2494,2495,2497,2499,2502,2504,2507],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2496,1976],{"class":98},[47,2498,78],{"class":77},[47,2500,2501],{"class":81},"a ",[47,2503,1981],{"class":57},[47,2505,2506],{"class":81}," b",[47,2508,85],{"class":77},[20,2510,800],{},[38,2512,2514],{"className":40,"code":2513,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = 3\nb = 10\n\ndistance = abs(a - b)\nprint(distance)\n",[15,2515,2516,2525,2534,2538,2557],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,2517,2518,2520,2522],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2519,2501],{"class":53},[47,2521,58],{"class":57},[47,2523,2524],{"class":61}," 3\n",[47,2526,2527,2530,2532],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,2528,2529],{"class":53},"b ",[47,2531,58],{"class":57},[47,2533,391],{"class":61},[47,2535,2536],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,2537,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,2539,2540,2543,2545,2547,2549,2551,2553,2555],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,2541,2542],{"class":53},"distance ",[47,2544,58],{"class":57},[47,2546,2189],{"class":98},[47,2548,78],{"class":77},[47,2550,2501],{"class":81},[47,2552,1981],{"class":57},[47,2554,2506],{"class":81},[47,2556,85],{"class":77},[47,2558,2559,2561,2563,2566],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,2560,99],{"class":98},[47,2562,78],{"class":77},[47,2564,2565],{"class":81},"distance",[47,2567,85],{"class":77},[20,2569,129],{},[38,2571,2572],{"className":40,"code":2038,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,2573,2574],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,2575,2576],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2577,2038],{"class":61},[20,2579,2580],{},"This tells you how far apart two numbers are.",[373,2582,2584],{"id":2583},"comparing-how-far-a-value-is-from-zero","Comparing how far a value is from zero",[38,2586,2588],{"className":40,"code":2587,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"temperature_change = -6\nprint(abs(temperature_change))\n",[15,2589,2590,2602],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,2591,2592,2595,2597,2599],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2593,2594],{"class":53},"temperature_change ",[47,2596,58],{"class":57},[47,2598,2176],{"class":57},[47,2600,2601],{"class":61},"6\n",[47,2603,2604,2606,2608,2610,2612,2615],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,2605,99],{"class":98},[47,2607,78],{"class":77},[47,2609,1976],{"class":98},[47,2611,78],{"class":77},[47,2613,2614],{"class":81},"temperature_change",[47,2616,123],{"class":77},[20,2618,129],{},[38,2620,2621],{"className":40,"code":2601,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,2622,2623],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,2624,2625],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2626,2601],{"class":61},[20,2628,2629],{},"This is useful when the size of the change matters more than the direction.",[373,2631,2633],{"id":2632},"working-with-negative-input-values-safely","Working with negative input values safely",[20,2635,2636,2637,2254],{},"If a user enters a negative number but your program needs a positive value, ",[15,2638,1942],{},[38,2640,2642],{"className":40,"code":2641,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"balance_change = -25\nsafe_value = abs(balance_change)\n\nprint(safe_value)\n",[15,2643,2644,2655,2671,2675],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,2645,2646,2649,2651,2653],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2647,2648],{"class":53},"balance_change ",[47,2650,58],{"class":57},[47,2652,2176],{"class":57},[47,2654,139],{"class":61},[47,2656,2657,2660,2662,2664,2666,2669],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,2658,2659],{"class":53},"safe_value ",[47,2661,58],{"class":57},[47,2663,2189],{"class":98},[47,2665,78],{"class":77},[47,2667,2668],{"class":81},"balance_change",[47,2670,85],{"class":77},[47,2672,2673],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,2674,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,2676,2677,2679,2681,2684],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,2678,99],{"class":98},[47,2680,78],{"class":77},[47,2682,2683],{"class":81},"safe_value",[47,2685,85],{"class":77},[20,2687,129],{},[38,2689,2690],{"className":40,"code":139,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,2691,2692],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,2693,2694],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2695,139],{"class":61},[373,2697,2699],{"id":2698},"checking-the-absolute-difference-in-simple-programs","Checking the absolute difference in simple programs",[38,2701,2703],{"className":40,"code":2702,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"guess = 42\ntarget = 50\n\ndifference = abs(guess - target)\nprint(difference)\n",[15,2704,2705,2714,2724,2728,2748],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,2706,2707,2710,2712],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2708,2709],{"class":53},"guess ",[47,2711,58],{"class":57},[47,2713,954],{"class":61},[47,2715,2716,2719,2721],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,2717,2718],{"class":53},"target ",[47,2720,58],{"class":57},[47,2722,2723],{"class":61}," 50\n",[47,2725,2726],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,2727,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,2729,2730,2733,2735,2737,2739,2741,2743,2746],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,2731,2732],{"class":53},"difference ",[47,2734,58],{"class":57},[47,2736,2189],{"class":98},[47,2738,78],{"class":77},[47,2740,2709],{"class":81},[47,2742,1981],{"class":57},[47,2744,2745],{"class":81}," target",[47,2747,85],{"class":77},[47,2749,2750,2752,2754,2757],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,2751,99],{"class":98},[47,2753,78],{"class":77},[47,2755,2756],{"class":81},"difference",[47,2758,85],{"class":77},[20,2760,129],{},[38,2762,2763],{"className":40,"code":2330,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,2764,2765],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,2766,2767],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2768,2330],{"class":61},[20,2770,2771],{},"This is useful in guessing games, scoring programs, and simple comparisons.",[33,2773,2775],{"id":2774},"common-mistakes","Common mistakes",[373,2777,2779],{"id":2778},"passing-a-string-to-abs","Passing a string to abs()",[20,2781,2782],{},"This causes an error:",[38,2784,2786],{"className":40,"code":2785,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(abs(\"5\"))\n",[15,2787,2788],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,2789,2790,2792,2794,2796,2798,2800,2802,2804],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2791,99],{"class":98},[47,2793,78],{"class":77},[47,2795,1976],{"class":98},[47,2797,78],{"class":77},[47,2799,309],{"class":151},[47,2801,2094],{"class":155},[47,2803,309],{"class":151},[47,2805,123],{"class":77},[20,2807,2808,2811,2812,2814],{},[15,2809,2810],{},"\"5\""," is a string, not a number. ",[15,2813,1942],{}," needs a numeric value.",[20,2816,2817,2818,1389,2822,2826],{},"Fix it by converting the string first with ",[360,2819,2820],{"href":1385},[15,2821,1388],{},[360,2823,2824],{"href":1392},[15,2825,1395],{},":",[38,2828,2830],{"className":40,"code":2829,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(abs(int(\"5\")))\nprint(abs(float(\"-3.2\")))\n",[15,2831,2832,2855],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,2833,2834,2836,2838,2840,2842,2844,2846,2848,2850,2852],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2835,99],{"class":98},[47,2837,78],{"class":77},[47,2839,1976],{"class":98},[47,2841,78],{"class":77},[47,2843,1050],{"class":73},[47,2845,78],{"class":77},[47,2847,309],{"class":151},[47,2849,2094],{"class":155},[47,2851,309],{"class":151},[47,2853,2854],{"class":77},")))\n",[47,2856,2857,2859,2861,2863,2865,2867,2869,2871,2874,2876],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,2858,99],{"class":98},[47,2860,78],{"class":77},[47,2862,1976],{"class":98},[47,2864,78],{"class":77},[47,2866,1755],{"class":73},[47,2868,78],{"class":77},[47,2870,309],{"class":151},[47,2872,2873],{"class":155},"-3.2",[47,2875,309],{"class":151},[47,2877,2854],{"class":77},[20,2879,129],{},[38,2881,2883],{"className":40,"code":2882,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"5\n3.2\n",[15,2884,2885,2890],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,2886,2887],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2888,2889],{"class":61},"5\n",[47,2891,2892],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,2893,2894],{"class":61},"3.2\n",[20,2896,2897,2898,2901,2902,914],{},"If you are working with keyboard input, this mistake often happens because ",[15,2899,2900],{},"input()"," always returns a string. See ",[360,2903,2905],{"href":2904},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-int-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to an int in Python",[373,2907,2909],{"id":2908},"passing-a-list-or-dictionary","Passing a list or dictionary",[20,2911,2912],{},"Unsupported types also cause an error:",[38,2914,2916],{"className":40,"code":2915,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(abs([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,2917,2918],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,2919,2920,2922,2924,2926,2929,2931,2933,2935,2937,2939],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2921,99],{"class":98},[47,2923,78],{"class":77},[47,2925,1976],{"class":98},[47,2927,2928],{"class":77},"([",[47,2930,665],{"class":61},[47,2932,668],{"class":77},[47,2934,671],{"class":61},[47,2936,668],{"class":77},[47,2938,676],{"class":61},[47,2940,2941],{"class":77},"]))\n",[20,2943,2944,2945,2948],{},"This raises a ",[15,2946,2947],{},"TypeError"," because lists do not have an absolute value.",[373,2950,2952],{"id":2951},"assuming-abs-changes-the-original-variable","Assuming abs() changes the original variable",[20,2954,2955,2957],{},[15,2956,1942],{}," does not update the variable by itself.",[38,2959,2961],{"className":40,"code":2960,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"x = -9\nabs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,2962,2963,2975,2985,2989],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,2964,2965,2968,2970,2972],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2966,2967],{"class":53},"x ",[47,2969,58],{"class":57},[47,2971,2176],{"class":57},[47,2973,2974],{"class":61},"9\n",[47,2976,2977,2979,2981,2983],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,2978,1976],{"class":98},[47,2980,78],{"class":77},[47,2982,2131],{"class":81},[47,2984,85],{"class":77},[47,2986,2987],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,2988,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,2990,2991,2993,2995,2997],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,2992,99],{"class":98},[47,2994,78],{"class":77},[47,2996,2131],{"class":81},[47,2998,85],{"class":77},[20,3000,129],{},[38,3002,3004],{"className":40,"code":3003,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"-9\n",[15,3005,3006],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3007,3008,3010],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3009,1981],{"class":57},[47,3011,2974],{"class":61},[20,3013,3014],{},"If you want to store the result:",[38,3016,3018],{"className":40,"code":3017,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"x = -9\nx = abs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,3019,3020,3030,3044,3048],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3021,3022,3024,3026,3028],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3023,2967],{"class":53},[47,3025,58],{"class":57},[47,3027,2176],{"class":57},[47,3029,2974],{"class":61},[47,3031,3032,3034,3036,3038,3040,3042],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,3033,2967],{"class":53},[47,3035,58],{"class":57},[47,3037,2189],{"class":98},[47,3039,78],{"class":77},[47,3041,2131],{"class":81},[47,3043,85],{"class":77},[47,3045,3046],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,3047,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,3049,3050,3052,3054,3056],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,3051,99],{"class":98},[47,3053,78],{"class":77},[47,3055,2131],{"class":81},[47,3057,85],{"class":77},[20,3059,129],{},[38,3061,3062],{"className":40,"code":2974,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,3063,3064],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3065,3066],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3067,2974],{"class":61},[373,3069,3071],{"id":3070},"confusing-absolute-value-with-rounding","Confusing absolute value with rounding",[20,3073,3074,3076],{},[15,3075,1942],{}," does not round numbers.",[38,3078,3080],{"className":40,"code":3079,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(abs(-4.7))\n",[15,3081,3082],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3083,3084,3086,3088,3090,3092,3094,3097],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3085,99],{"class":98},[47,3087,78],{"class":77},[47,3089,1976],{"class":98},[47,3091,78],{"class":77},[47,3093,1981],{"class":57},[47,3095,3096],{"class":61},"4.7",[47,3098,123],{"class":77},[20,3100,129],{},[38,3102,3104],{"className":40,"code":3103,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"4.7\n",[15,3105,3106],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3107,3108],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3109,3103],{"class":61},[20,3111,3112,3113,3115,3116,3118],{},"If you expected ",[15,3114,2094],{},", that is a different operation. ",[15,3117,1942],{}," removes the negative sign. It does not change the decimal part.",[33,3120,3122],{"id":3121},"return-values-and-types","Return values and types",[20,3124,3125,3127],{},[15,3126,1942],{}," returns different types depending on the input:",[185,3129,3130,3137,3144],{},[188,3131,3132,3134,3135],{},[15,3133,1050],{}," input → returns an ",[15,3136,1050],{},[188,3138,3139,3141,3142],{},[15,3140,1755],{}," input → returns a ",[15,3143,1755],{},[188,3145,3146,3141,3148],{},[15,3147,2151],{},[15,3149,1755],{},[20,3151,800],{},[38,3153,3155],{"className":40,"code":3154,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(type(abs(-5)))\nprint(type(abs(-3.2)))\nprint(type(abs(3 + 4j)))\n",[15,3156,3157,3177,3198],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3158,3159,3161,3163,3165,3167,3169,3171,3173,3175],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3160,99],{"class":98},[47,3162,78],{"class":77},[47,3164,116],{"class":73},[47,3166,78],{"class":77},[47,3168,1976],{"class":98},[47,3170,78],{"class":77},[47,3172,1981],{"class":57},[47,3174,2094],{"class":61},[47,3176,2854],{"class":77},[47,3178,3179,3181,3183,3185,3187,3189,3191,3193,3196],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,3180,99],{"class":98},[47,3182,78],{"class":77},[47,3184,116],{"class":73},[47,3186,78],{"class":77},[47,3188,1976],{"class":98},[47,3190,78],{"class":77},[47,3192,1981],{"class":57},[47,3194,3195],{"class":61},"3.2",[47,3197,2854],{"class":77},[47,3199,3200,3202,3204,3206,3208,3210,3212,3214,3216,3218,3220],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,3201,99],{"class":98},[47,3203,78],{"class":77},[47,3205,116],{"class":73},[47,3207,78],{"class":77},[47,3209,1976],{"class":98},[47,3211,78],{"class":77},[47,3213,2021],{"class":61},[47,3215,312],{"class":57},[47,3217,2404],{"class":61},[47,3219,2024],{"class":147},[47,3221,2854],{"class":77},[20,3223,129],{},[38,3225,3227],{"className":40,"code":3226,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,3228,3229,3243,3257],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3230,3231,3233,3235,3237,3239,3241],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3232,144],{"class":57},[47,3234,148],{"class":147},[47,3236,152],{"class":151},[47,3238,1050],{"class":155},[47,3240,159],{"class":151},[47,3242,162],{"class":57},[47,3244,3245,3247,3249,3251,3253,3255],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,3246,144],{"class":57},[47,3248,148],{"class":147},[47,3250,152],{"class":151},[47,3252,1755],{"class":155},[47,3254,159],{"class":151},[47,3256,162],{"class":57},[47,3258,3259,3261,3263,3265,3267,3269],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,3260,144],{"class":57},[47,3262,148],{"class":147},[47,3264,152],{"class":151},[47,3266,1755],{"class":155},[47,3268,159],{"class":151},[47,3270,162],{"class":57},[20,3272,3273],{},"This matters because beginners often check value types while debugging.",[20,3275,3276],{},"If your value comes from user input, convert it first and then check the type if needed.",[20,3278,3279],{},"Useful debugging steps:",[38,3281,3283],{"className":40,"code":3282,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = \"-5\"\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nuser_input = \"-3.7\"\nprint(abs(float(user_input)))\n",[15,3284,3285,3298,3308,3322,3326,3340],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3286,3287,3289,3291,3293,3296],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3288,566],{"class":53},[47,3290,58],{"class":57},[47,3292,303],{"class":151},[47,3294,3295],{"class":155},"-5",[47,3297,820],{"class":151},[47,3299,3300,3302,3304,3306],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,3301,99],{"class":98},[47,3303,78],{"class":77},[47,3305,585],{"class":81},[47,3307,85],{"class":77},[47,3309,3310,3312,3314,3316,3318,3320],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,3311,99],{"class":98},[47,3313,78],{"class":77},[47,3315,116],{"class":73},[47,3317,78],{"class":77},[47,3319,585],{"class":81},[47,3321,123],{"class":77},[47,3323,3324],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,3325,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,3327,3328,3331,3333,3335,3338],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,3329,3330],{"class":53},"user_input ",[47,3332,58],{"class":57},[47,3334,303],{"class":151},[47,3336,3337],{"class":155},"-3.7",[47,3339,820],{"class":151},[47,3341,3342,3344,3346,3348,3350,3352,3354,3357],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,3343,99],{"class":98},[47,3345,78],{"class":77},[47,3347,1976],{"class":98},[47,3349,78],{"class":77},[47,3351,1755],{"class":73},[47,3353,78],{"class":77},[47,3355,3356],{"class":81},"user_input",[47,3358,2854],{"class":77},[20,3360,129],{},[38,3362,3364],{"className":40,"code":3363,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"-5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n3.7\n",[15,3365,3366,3372,3386],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3367,3368,3370],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3369,1981],{"class":57},[47,3371,2889],{"class":61},[47,3373,3374,3376,3378,3380,3382,3384],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,3375,144],{"class":57},[47,3377,148],{"class":147},[47,3379,152],{"class":151},[47,3381,156],{"class":155},[47,3383,159],{"class":151},[47,3385,162],{"class":57},[47,3387,3388],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,3389,3390],{"class":61},"3.7\n",[33,3392,1762],{"id":1761},[373,3394,3396],{"id":3395},"what-does-abs-mean-in-python","What does abs() mean in Python?",[20,3398,3399],{},"It returns the absolute value of a number. This means the value without a negative sign.",[373,3401,3403],{"id":3402},"does-abs-work-with-floats","Does abs() work with floats?",[20,3405,3406],{},"Yes. It works with integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[373,3408,3410],{"id":3409},"does-abs-change-the-original-variable","Does abs() change the original variable?",[20,3412,3413],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to store the result.",[373,3415,3417],{"id":3416},"why-does-absinput-give-an-error","Why does abs(input()) give an error?",[20,3419,3420,3422,3423,1389,3425,3427,3428,914],{},[15,3421,2900],{}," returns a string. Convert it first with ",[15,3424,1388],{},[15,3426,1395],{}," before using ",[15,3429,1942],{},[373,3431,3433],{"id":3432},"what-does-abs-return-for-a-complex-number","What does abs() return for a complex number?",[20,3435,3436],{},"It returns the magnitude as a float.",[33,3438,1825],{"id":1824},[185,3440,3441,3447,3453,3459,3464],{},[188,3442,3443],{},[360,3444,3445,1834],{"href":1385},[15,3446,1388],{},[188,3448,3449],{},[360,3450,3451,1834],{"href":1392},[15,3452,1395],{},[188,3454,3455],{},[360,3456,3457,1834],{"href":362},[15,3458,365],{},[188,3460,3461],{},[360,3462,3463],{"href":2904},"How to convert a string to an int in Python",[188,3465,3466],{},[360,3467,2369],{"href":2368},[1875,3469,3470],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":65,"depth":65,"links":3472},[3473,3474,3475,3476,3477,3478,3484,3490,3491,3498],{"id":35,"depth":65,"text":36},{"id":2056,"depth":65,"text":2057},{"id":244,"depth":65,"text":245},{"id":2257,"depth":65,"text":2258},{"id":2372,"depth":65,"text":2373},{"id":2474,"depth":65,"text":2475,"children":3479},[3480,3481,3482,3483],{"id":2483,"depth":88,"text":2484},{"id":2583,"depth":88,"text":2584},{"id":2632,"depth":88,"text":2633},{"id":2698,"depth":88,"text":2699},{"id":2774,"depth":65,"text":2775,"children":3485},[3486,3487,3488,3489],{"id":2778,"depth":88,"text":2779},{"id":2908,"depth":88,"text":2909},{"id":2951,"depth":88,"text":2952},{"id":3070,"depth":88,"text":3071},{"id":3121,"depth":65,"text":3122},{"id":1761,"depth":65,"text":1762,"children":3492},[3493,3494,3495,3496,3497],{"id":3395,"depth":88,"text":3396},{"id":3402,"depth":88,"text":3403},{"id":3409,"depth":88,"text":3410},{"id":3416,"depth":88,"text":3417},{"id":3432,"depth":88,"text":3433},{"id":1824,"depth":65,"text":1825},"Master python abs function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained",{"title":1931,"description":3499},"reference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained","xZAUASskbMCeUoHg_mObxnwl-ISSbujkBvQOGfQBzh4",{"id":3506,"title":3507,"body":3508,"description":5203,"extension":1922,"meta":5204,"navigation":91,"path":5205,"seo":5206,"stem":5207,"__hash__":5208},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained.md","Python all() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":3509,"toc":5167},[3510,3516,3522,3525,3541,3545,3600,3610,3615,3619,3638,3641,3658,3661,3665,3673,3690,3693,3733,3736,3743,3749,3826,3828,3859,3865,3869,3873,3912,3914,3922,3929,3933,3972,3974,3983,3993,3997,4051,4053,4061,4064,4067,4114,4116,4124,4130,4137,4142,4145,4148,4215,4217,4225,4228,4295,4297,4305,4319,4322,4334,4338,4344,4347,4349,4365,4367,4375,4378,4381,4384,4401,4404,4407,4437,4439,4452,4454,4458,4461,4476,4481,4484,4511,4518,4521,4561,4567,4573,4581,4584,4636,4643,4708,4713,4721,4724,4742,4748,4751,4893,4898,4903,4906,4917,4920,4976,4978,4986,4989,5047,5049,5057,5060,5071,5073,5078,5087,5096,5099,5105,5108,5117,5130,5132,5164],[10,3511,13,3513,18],{"id":3512},"python-all-function-explained",[15,3514,3515],{},"all()",[20,3517,3518,3519,3521],{},"Python’s ",[15,3520,3515],{}," function checks whether every item in an iterable is truthy.",[20,3523,3524],{},"It is a small function, but it causes a lot of beginner confusion because:",[185,3526,3527,3530,3533],{},[188,3528,3529],{},"it works with truthy and falsy values",[188,3531,3532],{},"it takes one iterable argument",[188,3534,3535,2346,3538,3540],{},[15,3536,3537],{},"all([])",[15,3539,212],{},", which often seems strange at first",[33,3542,3544],{"id":3543},"quick-answer","Quick answer",[38,3546,3548],{"className":40,"code":3547,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(numbers)\nprint(result)  # True\n",[15,3549,3550,3571,3587],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3551,3552,3555,3557,3559,3561,3563,3565,3567,3569],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3553,3554],{"class":53},"numbers ",[47,3556,58],{"class":57},[47,3558,662],{"class":77},[47,3560,665],{"class":61},[47,3562,668],{"class":77},[47,3564,671],{"class":61},[47,3566,668],{"class":77},[47,3568,676],{"class":61},[47,3570,679],{"class":77},[47,3572,3573,3575,3577,3580,3582,3585],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,3574,2184],{"class":53},[47,3576,58],{"class":57},[47,3578,3579],{"class":98}," all",[47,3581,78],{"class":77},[47,3583,3584],{"class":81},"numbers",[47,3586,85],{"class":77},[47,3588,3589,3591,3593,3595,3597],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,3590,99],{"class":98},[47,3592,78],{"class":77},[47,3594,2218],{"class":81},[47,3596,862],{"class":77},[47,3598,3599],{"class":1378},"  # True\n",[20,3601,3602,2346,3604,3606,3607,914],{},[15,3603,3515],{},[15,3605,212],{}," only if every item in the iterable is truthy. If even one item is falsy, it returns ",[15,3608,3609],{},"False",[33,3611,172,3613,175],{"id":3612},"what-all-does",[15,3614,3515],{},[20,3616,3617,2826],{},[15,3618,3515],{},[185,3620,3621,3624,3630,3635],{},[188,3622,3623],{},"checks every item in an iterable",[188,3625,3626,3627,3629],{},"returns ",[15,3628,212],{}," if all items are truthy",[188,3631,3626,3632,3634],{},[15,3633,3609],{}," if any item is falsy",[188,3636,3637],{},"works with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterables",[20,3639,3640],{},"Basic syntax:",[38,3642,3644],{"className":40,"code":3643,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"all(iterable)\n",[15,3645,3646],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3647,3648,3651,3653,3656],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3649,3650],{"class":98},"all",[47,3652,78],{"class":77},[47,3654,3655],{"class":81},"iterable",[47,3657,85],{"class":77},[20,3659,3660],{},"The argument must be a single iterable, not several separate values.",[33,3662,3664],{"id":3663},"what-truthy-and-falsy-mean","What truthy and falsy mean",[20,3666,3667,3668,1389,3670,3672],{},"In Python, values are often treated as either ",[15,3669,212],{},[15,3671,3609],{}," in conditions.",[185,3674,3675,3683],{},[188,3676,3677,3680,3681],{},[127,3678,3679],{},"Truthy"," values act like ",[15,3682,212],{},[188,3684,3685,3680,3688],{},[127,3686,3687],{},"Falsy",[15,3689,3609],{},[20,3691,3692],{},"Common falsy values include:",[185,3694,3695,3699,3704,3709,3714,3718,3723,3728],{},[188,3696,3697],{},[15,3698,2077],{},[188,3700,3701],{},[15,3702,3703],{},"0.0",[188,3705,3706],{},[15,3707,3708],{},"''",[188,3710,3711],{},[15,3712,3713],{},"None",[188,3715,3716],{},[15,3717,3609],{},[188,3719,3720],{},[15,3721,3722],{},"[]",[188,3724,3725],{},[15,3726,3727],{},"{}",[188,3729,3730],{},[15,3731,3732],{},"set()",[20,3734,3735],{},"Most other values are truthy.",[20,3737,3738,3739,914],{},"If you are new to this idea, see ",[360,3740,3742],{"href":3741},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false","Python booleans explained: true and false",[20,3744,3745,3746,2826],{},"You can test this with ",[15,3747,3748],{},"bool()",[38,3750,3752],{"className":40,"code":3751,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]\n\nprint([bool(x) for x in values])\n",[15,3753,3754,3791,3795],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3755,3756,3759,3761,3763,3765,3767,3770,3772,3775,3777,3779,3782,3784,3786,3789],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3757,3758],{"class":53},"values ",[47,3760,58],{"class":57},[47,3762,662],{"class":77},[47,3764,665],{"class":61},[47,3766,668],{"class":77},[47,3768,3769],{"class":61}," 0",[47,3771,668],{"class":77},[47,3773,3774],{"class":151}," ''",[47,3776,668],{"class":77},[47,3778,152],{"class":151},[47,3780,3781],{"class":155},"hello",[47,3783,159],{"class":151},[47,3785,668],{"class":77},[47,3787,3788],{"class":571}," None",[47,3790,679],{"class":77},[47,3792,3793],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,3794,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,3796,3797,3799,3801,3804,3806,3808,3810,3814,3817,3820,3823],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,3798,99],{"class":98},[47,3800,2928],{"class":77},[47,3802,3803],{"class":73},"bool",[47,3805,78],{"class":77},[47,3807,2131],{"class":81},[47,3809,862],{"class":77},[47,3811,3813],{"class":3812},"sVHd0"," for",[47,3815,3816],{"class":81}," x ",[47,3818,3819],{"class":3812},"in",[47,3821,3822],{"class":81}," values",[47,3824,3825],{"class":77},"])\n",[20,3827,129],{},[38,3829,3831],{"className":40,"code":3830,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[True, False, False, True, False]\n",[15,3832,3833],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3834,3835,3837,3839,3841,3844,3846,3848,3850,3853,3855,3857],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3836,736],{"class":77},[47,3838,212],{"class":571},[47,3840,668],{"class":77},[47,3842,3843],{"class":571}," False",[47,3845,668],{"class":77},[47,3847,3843],{"class":571},[47,3849,668],{"class":77},[47,3851,3852],{"class":571}," True",[47,3854,668],{"class":77},[47,3856,3843],{"class":571},[47,3858,679],{"class":77},[20,3860,3861,3862,3864],{},"This matters because ",[15,3863,3515],{}," does not compare values. It checks whether each value is truthy.",[33,3866,3868],{"id":3867},"basic-examples","Basic examples",[373,3870,3872],{"id":3871},"example-all-numbers-are-non-zero","Example: all numbers are non-zero",[38,3874,3876],{"className":40,"code":3875,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,3877,3878,3898],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3879,3880,3882,3884,3886,3888,3890,3892,3894,3896],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3881,3554],{"class":53},[47,3883,58],{"class":57},[47,3885,662],{"class":77},[47,3887,665],{"class":61},[47,3889,668],{"class":77},[47,3891,671],{"class":61},[47,3893,668],{"class":77},[47,3895,676],{"class":61},[47,3897,679],{"class":77},[47,3899,3900,3902,3904,3906,3908,3910],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,3901,99],{"class":98},[47,3903,78],{"class":77},[47,3905,3650],{"class":98},[47,3907,78],{"class":77},[47,3909,3584],{"class":81},[47,3911,123],{"class":77},[20,3913,129],{},[38,3915,3916],{"className":40,"code":629,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,3917,3918],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3919,3920],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3921,629],{"class":571},[20,3923,3924,3925,2346,3927,914],{},"Each number is truthy, so ",[15,3926,3515],{},[15,3928,212],{},[373,3930,3932],{"id":3931},"example-one-number-is-zero","Example: one number is zero",[38,3934,3936],{"className":40,"code":3935,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 0, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,3937,3938,3958],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3939,3940,3942,3944,3946,3948,3950,3952,3954,3956],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3941,3554],{"class":53},[47,3943,58],{"class":57},[47,3945,662],{"class":77},[47,3947,665],{"class":61},[47,3949,668],{"class":77},[47,3951,3769],{"class":61},[47,3953,668],{"class":77},[47,3955,676],{"class":61},[47,3957,679],{"class":77},[47,3959,3960,3962,3964,3966,3968,3970],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,3961,99],{"class":98},[47,3963,78],{"class":77},[47,3965,3650],{"class":98},[47,3967,78],{"class":77},[47,3969,3584],{"class":81},[47,3971,123],{"class":77},[20,3973,129],{},[38,3975,3977],{"className":40,"code":3976,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"False\n",[15,3978,3979],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3980,3981],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3982,3976],{"class":571},[20,3984,3985,3986,3988,3989,2346,3991,914],{},"The value ",[15,3987,2077],{}," is falsy, so ",[15,3990,3515],{},[15,3992,3609],{},[373,3994,3996],{"id":3995},"example-strings","Example: strings",[38,3998,4000],{"className":40,"code":3999,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,4001,4002,4036],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4003,4004,4007,4009,4011,4013,4015,4017,4019,4021,4023,4025,4027,4029,4032,4034],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4005,4006],{"class":53},"words ",[47,4008,58],{"class":57},[47,4010,662],{"class":77},[47,4012,159],{"class":151},[47,4014,1425],{"class":155},[47,4016,159],{"class":151},[47,4018,668],{"class":77},[47,4020,152],{"class":151},[47,4022,1434],{"class":155},[47,4024,159],{"class":151},[47,4026,668],{"class":77},[47,4028,152],{"class":151},[47,4030,4031],{"class":155},"cherry",[47,4033,159],{"class":151},[47,4035,679],{"class":77},[47,4037,4038,4040,4042,4044,4046,4049],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,4039,99],{"class":98},[47,4041,78],{"class":77},[47,4043,3650],{"class":98},[47,4045,78],{"class":77},[47,4047,4048],{"class":81},"words",[47,4050,123],{"class":77},[20,4052,129],{},[38,4054,4055],{"className":40,"code":629,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,4056,4057],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4058,4059],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4060,629],{"class":571},[20,4062,4063],{},"All strings are non-empty, so they are truthy.",[20,4065,4066],{},"Now look at a list with an empty string:",[38,4068,4070],{"className":40,"code":4069,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = ['apple', '', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,4071,4072,4100],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4073,4074,4076,4078,4080,4082,4084,4086,4088,4090,4092,4094,4096,4098],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4075,4006],{"class":53},[47,4077,58],{"class":57},[47,4079,662],{"class":77},[47,4081,159],{"class":151},[47,4083,1425],{"class":155},[47,4085,159],{"class":151},[47,4087,668],{"class":77},[47,4089,3774],{"class":151},[47,4091,668],{"class":77},[47,4093,152],{"class":151},[47,4095,4031],{"class":155},[47,4097,159],{"class":151},[47,4099,679],{"class":77},[47,4101,4102,4104,4106,4108,4110,4112],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,4103,99],{"class":98},[47,4105,78],{"class":77},[47,4107,3650],{"class":98},[47,4109,78],{"class":77},[47,4111,4048],{"class":81},[47,4113,123],{"class":77},[20,4115,129],{},[38,4117,4118],{"className":40,"code":3976,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,4119,4120],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4121,4122],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4123,3976],{"class":571},[20,4125,4126,4127,4129],{},"The empty string ",[15,4128,3708],{}," is falsy.",[33,4131,4133,4134,4136],{"id":4132},"how-all-works-with-conditions","How ",[15,4135,3515],{}," works with conditions",[20,4138,4139,4141],{},[15,4140,3515],{}," is often used with a generator expression.",[20,4143,4144],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether every item matches a rule.",[20,4146,4147],{},"For example, to check whether all numbers are positive:",[38,4149,4151],{"className":40,"code":4150,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,4152,4153,4173,4201,4205],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4154,4155,4157,4159,4161,4163,4165,4167,4169,4171],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4156,3554],{"class":53},[47,4158,58],{"class":57},[47,4160,662],{"class":77},[47,4162,665],{"class":61},[47,4164,668],{"class":77},[47,4166,671],{"class":61},[47,4168,668],{"class":77},[47,4170,676],{"class":61},[47,4172,679],{"class":77},[47,4174,4175,4177,4179,4181,4183,4185,4188,4190,4192,4194,4196,4199],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,4176,2184],{"class":53},[47,4178,58],{"class":57},[47,4180,3579],{"class":98},[47,4182,78],{"class":77},[47,4184,2967],{"class":81},[47,4186,4187],{"class":57},">",[47,4189,3769],{"class":61},[47,4191,3813],{"class":3812},[47,4193,3816],{"class":81},[47,4195,3819],{"class":3812},[47,4197,4198],{"class":81}," numbers",[47,4200,85],{"class":77},[47,4202,4203],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,4204,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,4206,4207,4209,4211,4213],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,4208,99],{"class":98},[47,4210,78],{"class":77},[47,4212,2218],{"class":81},[47,4214,85],{"class":77},[20,4216,129],{},[38,4218,4219],{"className":40,"code":629,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,4220,4221],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4222,4223],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4224,629],{"class":571},[20,4226,4227],{},"Here is one that fails:",[38,4229,4231],{"className":40,"code":4230,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, -2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,4232,4233,4255,4281,4285],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4234,4235,4237,4239,4241,4243,4245,4247,4249,4251,4253],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4236,3554],{"class":53},[47,4238,58],{"class":57},[47,4240,662],{"class":77},[47,4242,665],{"class":61},[47,4244,668],{"class":77},[47,4246,2176],{"class":57},[47,4248,2016],{"class":61},[47,4250,668],{"class":77},[47,4252,676],{"class":61},[47,4254,679],{"class":77},[47,4256,4257,4259,4261,4263,4265,4267,4269,4271,4273,4275,4277,4279],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,4258,2184],{"class":53},[47,4260,58],{"class":57},[47,4262,3579],{"class":98},[47,4264,78],{"class":77},[47,4266,2967],{"class":81},[47,4268,4187],{"class":57},[47,4270,3769],{"class":61},[47,4272,3813],{"class":3812},[47,4274,3816],{"class":81},[47,4276,3819],{"class":3812},[47,4278,4198],{"class":81},[47,4280,85],{"class":77},[47,4282,4283],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,4284,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,4286,4287,4289,4291,4293],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,4288,99],{"class":98},[47,4290,78],{"class":77},[47,4292,2218],{"class":81},[47,4294,85],{"class":77},[20,4296,129],{},[38,4298,4299],{"className":40,"code":3976,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,4300,4301],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4302,4303],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4304,3976],{"class":571},[20,4306,4307,4308,4311,4312,4314,4315,2346,4317,914],{},"The expression ",[15,4309,4310],{},"x > 0"," is checked for each number. If every check is ",[15,4313,212],{},", then ",[15,4316,3515],{},[15,4318,212],{},[20,4320,4321],{},"This pattern keeps code short and readable.",[20,4323,4324,4325,4329,4330,914],{},"If you want more practice with this style, see ",[360,4326,4328],{"href":4327},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-list-comprehensions-in-python","how to use list comprehensions in Python"," and ",[360,4331,4333],{"href":4332},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-an-iterable-in-python","what is an iterable in Python",[33,4335,4337],{"id":4336},"empty-iterable-behavior","Empty iterable behavior",[20,4339,4340,2346,4342,914],{},[15,4341,3537],{},[15,4343,212],{},[20,4345,4346],{},"This surprises many beginners.",[20,4348,800],{},[38,4350,4352],{"className":40,"code":4351,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(all([]))\n",[15,4353,4354],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4355,4356,4358,4360,4362],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4357,99],{"class":98},[47,4359,78],{"class":77},[47,4361,3650],{"class":98},[47,4363,4364],{"class":77},"([]))\n",[20,4366,129],{},[38,4368,4369],{"className":40,"code":629,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,4370,4371],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4372,4373],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4374,629],{"class":571},[20,4376,4377],{},"Why?",[20,4379,4380],{},"Because there is no item in the iterable that fails the test.",[20,4382,4383],{},"Think of it this way:",[185,4385,4386,4393,4396],{},[188,4387,4388,2346,4390,4392],{},[15,4389,3515],{},[15,4391,3609],{}," when it finds a falsy item",[188,4394,4395],{},"an empty iterable has no items at all",[188,4397,4398,4399],{},"so there is nothing that makes it return ",[15,4400,3609],{},[20,4402,4403],{},"This is normal Python behavior, even if it feels odd at first.",[20,4405,4406],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables too:",[38,4408,4410],{"className":40,"code":4409,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(all(()))\nprint(all(''))\n",[15,4411,4412,4423],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4413,4414,4416,4418,4420],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4415,99],{"class":98},[47,4417,78],{"class":77},[47,4419,3650],{"class":98},[47,4421,4422],{"class":77},"(()))\n",[47,4424,4425,4427,4429,4431,4433,4435],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,4426,99],{"class":98},[47,4428,78],{"class":77},[47,4430,3650],{"class":98},[47,4432,78],{"class":77},[47,4434,3708],{"class":151},[47,4436,123],{"class":77},[20,4438,129],{},[38,4440,4442],{"className":40,"code":4441,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"True\nTrue\n",[15,4443,4444,4448],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4445,4446],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4447,629],{"class":571},[47,4449,4450],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,4451,629],{"class":571},[33,4453,1131],{"id":1130},[373,4455,4457],{"id":4456},"passing-multiple-arguments","Passing multiple arguments",[20,4459,4460],{},"This is wrong:",[38,4462,4464],{"className":40,"code":4463,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# Wrong\n# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[15,4465,4466,4471],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4467,4468],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4469,4470],{"class":1378},"# Wrong\n",[47,4472,4473],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,4474,4475],{"class":1378},"# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[20,4477,4478,4480],{},[15,4479,3515],{}," does not take multiple separate values.",[20,4482,4483],{},"Use one iterable instead:",[38,4485,4487],{"className":40,"code":4486,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,4488,4489],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4490,4491,4493,4495,4497,4499,4501,4503,4505,4507,4509],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4492,99],{"class":98},[47,4494,78],{"class":77},[47,4496,3650],{"class":98},[47,4498,2928],{"class":77},[47,4500,665],{"class":61},[47,4502,668],{"class":77},[47,4504,671],{"class":61},[47,4506,668],{"class":77},[47,4508,676],{"class":61},[47,4510,2941],{"class":77},[373,4512,4514,4515,4517],{"id":4513},"assuming-all-compares-values-automatically","Assuming ",[15,4516,3515],{}," compares values automatically",[20,4519,4520],{},"Some beginners expect this:",[38,4522,4524],{"className":40,"code":4523,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4525,4526,4547],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4527,4528,4530,4532,4534,4536,4538,4541,4543,4545],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4529,3554],{"class":53},[47,4531,58],{"class":57},[47,4533,662],{"class":77},[47,4535,2094],{"class":61},[47,4537,668],{"class":77},[47,4539,4540],{"class":61}," 5",[47,4542,668],{"class":77},[47,4544,4540],{"class":61},[47,4546,679],{"class":77},[47,4548,4549,4551,4553,4555,4557,4559],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,4550,99],{"class":98},[47,4552,78],{"class":77},[47,4554,3650],{"class":98},[47,4556,78],{"class":77},[47,4558,3584],{"class":81},[47,4560,123],{"class":77},[20,4562,4563,4564,4566],{},"This does ",[127,4565,768],{}," check whether all values are equal.",[20,4568,4569,4570,4572],{},"It only checks whether all values are truthy. Since ",[15,4571,2094],{}," is truthy, the result is:",[38,4574,4575],{"className":40,"code":629,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,4576,4577],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4578,4579],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4580,629],{"class":571},[20,4582,4583],{},"If you want to check whether all values are equal, you need a condition:",[38,4585,4587],{"className":40,"code":4586,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(x == 5 for x in numbers))\n",[15,4588,4589,4609],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4590,4591,4593,4595,4597,4599,4601,4603,4605,4607],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4592,3554],{"class":53},[47,4594,58],{"class":57},[47,4596,662],{"class":77},[47,4598,2094],{"class":61},[47,4600,668],{"class":77},[47,4602,4540],{"class":61},[47,4604,668],{"class":77},[47,4606,4540],{"class":61},[47,4608,679],{"class":77},[47,4610,4611,4613,4615,4617,4619,4621,4624,4626,4628,4630,4632,4634],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,4612,99],{"class":98},[47,4614,78],{"class":77},[47,4616,3650],{"class":98},[47,4618,78],{"class":77},[47,4620,2967],{"class":81},[47,4622,4623],{"class":57},"==",[47,4625,4540],{"class":61},[47,4627,3813],{"class":3812},[47,4629,3816],{"class":81},[47,4631,3819],{"class":3812},[47,4633,4198],{"class":81},[47,4635,123],{"class":77},[373,4637,4639,4640,4642],{"id":4638},"forgetting-that-0-and-empty-strings-are-falsy","Forgetting that ",[15,4641,2077],{}," and empty strings are falsy",[38,4644,4646],{"className":40,"code":4645,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(all([1, 2, 0]))       # False\nprint(all(['a', 'b', '']))  # False\n",[15,4647,4648,4674],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4649,4650,4652,4654,4656,4658,4660,4662,4664,4666,4668,4671],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4651,99],{"class":98},[47,4653,78],{"class":77},[47,4655,3650],{"class":98},[47,4657,2928],{"class":77},[47,4659,665],{"class":61},[47,4661,668],{"class":77},[47,4663,671],{"class":61},[47,4665,668],{"class":77},[47,4667,3769],{"class":61},[47,4669,4670],{"class":77},"]))",[47,4672,4673],{"class":1378},"       # False\n",[47,4675,4676,4678,4680,4682,4684,4686,4688,4690,4692,4694,4697,4699,4701,4703,4705],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,4677,99],{"class":98},[47,4679,78],{"class":77},[47,4681,3650],{"class":98},[47,4683,2928],{"class":77},[47,4685,159],{"class":151},[47,4687,360],{"class":155},[47,4689,159],{"class":151},[47,4691,668],{"class":77},[47,4693,152],{"class":151},[47,4695,4696],{"class":155},"b",[47,4698,159],{"class":151},[47,4700,668],{"class":77},[47,4702,3774],{"class":151},[47,4704,4670],{"class":77},[47,4706,4707],{"class":1378},"  # False\n",[20,4709,4710,4711,914],{},"A single falsy value makes the whole result ",[15,4712,3609],{},[373,4714,4716,4717,849,4719],{"id":4715},"not-understanding-why-all-is-true","Not understanding why ",[15,4718,3537],{},[15,4720,212],{},[20,4722,4723],{},"This is expected behavior:",[38,4725,4727],{"className":40,"code":4726,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(all([]))  # True\n",[15,4728,4729],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4730,4731,4733,4735,4737,4740],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4732,99],{"class":98},[47,4734,78],{"class":77},[47,4736,3650],{"class":98},[47,4738,4739],{"class":77},"([]))",[47,4741,3599],{"class":1378},[20,4743,4744,4745,4747],{},"It does not mean the list contains ",[15,4746,212],{},". It means there is no item that fails the check.",[20,4749,4750],{},"Useful quick tests:",[38,4752,4754],{"className":40,"code":4753,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([1, 0, 3]))\nprint([bool(x) for x in [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]])\nprint(all(x > 0 for x in [1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([]))\n",[15,4755,4756,4778,4800,4847,4883],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4757,4758,4760,4762,4764,4766,4768,4770,4772,4774,4776],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4759,99],{"class":98},[47,4761,78],{"class":77},[47,4763,3650],{"class":98},[47,4765,2928],{"class":77},[47,4767,665],{"class":61},[47,4769,668],{"class":77},[47,4771,671],{"class":61},[47,4773,668],{"class":77},[47,4775,676],{"class":61},[47,4777,2941],{"class":77},[47,4779,4780,4782,4784,4786,4788,4790,4792,4794,4796,4798],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,4781,99],{"class":98},[47,4783,78],{"class":77},[47,4785,3650],{"class":98},[47,4787,2928],{"class":77},[47,4789,665],{"class":61},[47,4791,668],{"class":77},[47,4793,3769],{"class":61},[47,4795,668],{"class":77},[47,4797,676],{"class":61},[47,4799,2941],{"class":77},[47,4801,4802,4804,4806,4808,4810,4812,4814,4816,4818,4820,4822,4824,4826,4828,4830,4832,4834,4836,4838,4840,4842,4844],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,4803,99],{"class":98},[47,4805,2928],{"class":77},[47,4807,3803],{"class":73},[47,4809,78],{"class":77},[47,4811,2131],{"class":81},[47,4813,862],{"class":77},[47,4815,3813],{"class":3812},[47,4817,3816],{"class":81},[47,4819,3819],{"class":3812},[47,4821,662],{"class":77},[47,4823,665],{"class":61},[47,4825,668],{"class":77},[47,4827,3769],{"class":61},[47,4829,668],{"class":77},[47,4831,3774],{"class":151},[47,4833,668],{"class":77},[47,4835,152],{"class":151},[47,4837,3781],{"class":155},[47,4839,159],{"class":151},[47,4841,668],{"class":77},[47,4843,3788],{"class":571},[47,4845,4846],{"class":77},"]])\n",[47,4848,4849,4851,4853,4855,4857,4859,4861,4863,4865,4867,4869,4871,4873,4875,4877,4879,4881],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,4850,99],{"class":98},[47,4852,78],{"class":77},[47,4854,3650],{"class":98},[47,4856,78],{"class":77},[47,4858,2967],{"class":81},[47,4860,4187],{"class":57},[47,4862,3769],{"class":61},[47,4864,3813],{"class":3812},[47,4866,3816],{"class":81},[47,4868,3819],{"class":3812},[47,4870,662],{"class":77},[47,4872,665],{"class":61},[47,4874,668],{"class":77},[47,4876,671],{"class":61},[47,4878,668],{"class":77},[47,4880,676],{"class":61},[47,4882,2941],{"class":77},[47,4884,4885,4887,4889,4891],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,4886,99],{"class":98},[47,4888,78],{"class":77},[47,4890,3650],{"class":98},[47,4892,4364],{"class":77},[33,4894,773,4896],{"id":4895},"when-to-use-all",[15,4897,3515],{},[20,4899,4900,4902],{},[15,4901,3515],{}," is useful when you want to check that every item passes a simple test.",[20,4904,4905],{},"Common use cases:",[185,4907,4908,4911,4914],{},[188,4909,4910],{},"check if every string in a list is non-empty",[188,4912,4913],{},"validate that all numbers meet a condition",[188,4915,4916],{},"make sure all values are valid before processing data",[20,4918,4919],{},"Example: check that every name is non-empty",[38,4921,4923],{"className":40,"code":4922,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\nprint(all(names))\n",[15,4924,4925,4961],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4926,4927,4930,4932,4934,4936,4939,4941,4943,4945,4948,4950,4952,4954,4957,4959],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4928,4929],{"class":53},"names ",[47,4931,58],{"class":57},[47,4933,662],{"class":77},[47,4935,159],{"class":151},[47,4937,4938],{"class":155},"Alice",[47,4940,159],{"class":151},[47,4942,668],{"class":77},[47,4944,152],{"class":151},[47,4946,4947],{"class":155},"Bob",[47,4949,159],{"class":151},[47,4951,668],{"class":77},[47,4953,152],{"class":151},[47,4955,4956],{"class":155},"Charlie",[47,4958,159],{"class":151},[47,4960,679],{"class":77},[47,4962,4963,4965,4967,4969,4971,4974],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,4964,99],{"class":98},[47,4966,78],{"class":77},[47,4968,3650],{"class":98},[47,4970,78],{"class":77},[47,4972,4973],{"class":81},"names",[47,4975,123],{"class":77},[20,4977,129],{},[38,4979,4980],{"className":40,"code":629,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,4981,4982],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4983,4984],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4985,629],{"class":571},[20,4987,4988],{},"Example: check that every score is at least 50",[38,4990,4992],{"className":40,"code":4991,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"scores = [75, 80, 50]\nprint(all(score >= 50 for score in scores))\n",[15,4993,4994,5018],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4995,4996,4999,5001,5003,5006,5008,5011,5013,5016],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4997,4998],{"class":53},"scores ",[47,5000,58],{"class":57},[47,5002,662],{"class":77},[47,5004,5005],{"class":61},"75",[47,5007,668],{"class":77},[47,5009,5010],{"class":61}," 80",[47,5012,668],{"class":77},[47,5014,5015],{"class":61}," 50",[47,5017,679],{"class":77},[47,5019,5020,5022,5024,5026,5028,5030,5033,5035,5037,5040,5042,5045],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,5021,99],{"class":98},[47,5023,78],{"class":77},[47,5025,3650],{"class":98},[47,5027,78],{"class":77},[47,5029,288],{"class":81},[47,5031,5032],{"class":57},">=",[47,5034,5015],{"class":61},[47,5036,3813],{"class":3812},[47,5038,5039],{"class":81}," score ",[47,5041,3819],{"class":3812},[47,5043,5044],{"class":81}," scores",[47,5046,123],{"class":77},[20,5048,129],{},[38,5050,5051],{"className":40,"code":629,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,5052,5053],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,5054,5055],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5056,629],{"class":571},[20,5058,5059],{},"If the logic becomes hard to read, a plain loop is often better for beginners.",[20,5061,5062,5063,4329,5067,914],{},"For related tasks, see ",[360,5064,5066],{"href":5065},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python","how to filter a list in Python",[360,5068,5070],{"href":5069},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained","iterators and iterable objects explained",[33,5072,1762],{"id":1761},[373,5074,1766,5076,1769],{"id":5075},"what-does-all-return-in-python",[15,5077,3515],{},[20,5079,5080,5081,5083,5084,5086],{},"It returns ",[15,5082,212],{}," if every item in the iterable is truthy. It returns ",[15,5085,3609],{}," if at least one item is falsy.",[373,5088,5090,5091,5093,5094,1812],{"id":5089},"why-does-all-return-true","Why does ",[15,5092,3537],{}," return ",[15,5095,212],{},[20,5097,5098],{},"Because there are no items in the iterable that fail the test.",[373,5100,1786,5102,5104],{"id":5101},"can-all-take-multiple-values-directly",[15,5103,3515],{}," take multiple values directly?",[20,5106,5107],{},"No. It takes one iterable argument, such as a list or tuple.",[373,5109,5111,5112,4329,5114,1812],{"id":5110},"what-is-the-difference-between-all-and-any","What is the difference between ",[15,5113,3515],{},[15,5115,5116],{},"any()",[20,5118,5119,5121,5122,5124,5125,914],{},[15,5120,3515],{}," needs every item to be truthy. ",[15,5123,5116],{}," needs at least one item to be truthy. See ",[360,5126,13,5128,1834],{"href":5127},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained",[15,5129,5116],{},[33,5131,1825],{"id":1824},[185,5133,5134,5140,5144,5149,5154,5159],{},[188,5135,5136],{},[360,5137,13,5138,1834],{"href":5127},[15,5139,5116],{},[188,5141,5142],{},[360,5143,3742],{"href":3741},[188,5145,5146],{},[360,5147,5148],{"href":5069},"Iterators and iterable objects explained",[188,5150,5151],{},[360,5152,5153],{"href":5065},"How to filter a list in Python",[188,5155,5156],{},[360,5157,5158],{"href":4327},"How to use list comprehensions in Python",[188,5160,5161],{},[360,5162,5163],{"href":4332},"What is an iterable in Python",[1875,5165,5166],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":65,"depth":65,"links":5168},[5169,5170,5172,5173,5178,5180,5181,5190,5192,5202],{"id":3543,"depth":65,"text":3544},{"id":3612,"depth":65,"text":5171},"What all() does",{"id":3663,"depth":65,"text":3664},{"id":3867,"depth":65,"text":3868,"children":5174},[5175,5176,5177],{"id":3871,"depth":88,"text":3872},{"id":3931,"depth":88,"text":3932},{"id":3995,"depth":88,"text":3996},{"id":4132,"depth":65,"text":5179},"How all() works with conditions",{"id":4336,"depth":65,"text":4337},{"id":1130,"depth":65,"text":1131,"children":5182},[5183,5184,5186,5188],{"id":4456,"depth":88,"text":4457},{"id":4513,"depth":88,"text":5185},"Assuming all() compares values automatically",{"id":4638,"depth":88,"text":5187},"Forgetting that 0 and empty strings are falsy",{"id":4715,"depth":88,"text":5189},"Not understanding why all([]) is True",{"id":4895,"depth":65,"text":5191},"When to use all()",{"id":1761,"depth":65,"text":1762,"children":5193},[5194,5196,5198,5200],{"id":5075,"depth":88,"text":5195},"What does all() return in Python?",{"id":5089,"depth":88,"text":5197},"Why does all([]) return True?",{"id":5101,"depth":88,"text":5199},"Can all() take multiple values directly?",{"id":5110,"depth":88,"text":5201},"What is the difference between all() and any()?",{"id":1824,"depth":65,"text":1825},"Master python all function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained",{"title":3507,"description":5203},"reference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained","INFNBux1C5bbGXXd7ksmaHdJKP1Sy8TpO9oKs-3BZC8",{"id":5210,"title":5211,"body":5212,"description":6900,"extension":1922,"meta":6901,"navigation":91,"path":5127,"seo":6902,"stem":6903,"__hash__":6904},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained.md","Python any() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":5213,"toc":6878},[5214,5217,5225,5228,5245,5253,5297,5306,5310,5315,5318,5335,5338,5349,5361,5365,5368,5383,5388,5391,5403,5406,5491,5494,5515,5521,5523,5531,5545,5547,5581,5583,5586,5647,5649,5666,5669,5696,5698,5706,5718,5722,5725,5764,5766,5774,5776,5792,5800,5803,5846,5848,5856,5861,5865,5873,5876,5903,5906,5909,5983,5985,5993,6000,6024,6035,6038,6117,6119,6127,6134,6138,6143,6158,6160,6168,6171,6177,6180,6226,6228,6245,6249,6254,6265,6268,6380,6383,6442,6448,6450,6455,6459,6461,6480,6486,6489,6508,6512,6521,6548,6550,6558,6566,6570,6575,6598,6600,6608,6615,6619,6621,6672,6675,6726,6729,6731,6735,6742,6746,6753,6757,6765,6769,6772,6794,6796,6846,6848,6875],[10,5215,5211],{"id":5216},"python-any-function-explained",[20,5218,5219,5221,5222,914],{},[15,5220,5116],{}," is a built-in Python function that checks an iterable and tells you whether ",[127,5223,5224],{},"at least one item is truthy",[20,5226,5227],{},"You will usually use it with values like:",[185,5229,5230,5233,5236,5239,5242],{},[188,5231,5232],{},"lists",[188,5234,5235],{},"tuples",[188,5237,5238],{},"sets",[188,5240,5241],{},"strings",[188,5243,5244],{},"generator expressions",[20,5246,5247,5248,1389,5250,5252],{},"It is useful when you want a quick ",[15,5249,212],{},[15,5251,3609],{}," answer without writing a full loop.",[38,5254,5256],{"className":40,"code":5255,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))  # True\n",[15,5257,5258,5278],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,5259,5260,5262,5264,5266,5268,5270,5272,5274,5276],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5261,3758],{"class":53},[47,5263,58],{"class":57},[47,5265,662],{"class":77},[47,5267,2077],{"class":61},[47,5269,668],{"class":77},[47,5271,3774],{"class":151},[47,5273,668],{"class":77},[47,5275,4540],{"class":61},[47,5277,679],{"class":77},[47,5279,5280,5282,5284,5287,5289,5292,5295],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,5281,99],{"class":98},[47,5283,78],{"class":77},[47,5285,5286],{"class":98},"any",[47,5288,78],{"class":77},[47,5290,5291],{"class":81},"values",[47,5293,5294],{"class":77},"))",[47,5296,3599],{"class":1378},[20,5298,165,5299,5302,5303,5305],{},[15,5300,5301],{},"any(iterable)"," when you want ",[15,5304,212],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy.",[33,5307,5309],{"id":5308},"what-any-does","What any() does",[20,5311,5312,5314],{},[15,5313,5116],{}," checks an iterable such as a list, tuple, set, or generator.",[20,5316,5317],{},"It returns:",[185,5319,5320,5325,5330],{},[188,5321,5322,5324],{},[15,5323,212],{}," if at least one item is truthy",[188,5326,5327,5329],{},[15,5328,3609],{}," if all items are falsy",[188,5331,5332,5334],{},[15,5333,3609],{}," if the iterable is empty",[20,5336,5337],{},"This makes it a good choice for simple checks like:",[185,5339,5340,5343,5346],{},[188,5341,5342],{},"\"Does this list contain at least one real value?\"",[188,5344,5345],{},"\"Does any number match this condition?\"",[188,5347,5348],{},"\"Is there at least one non-empty string?\"",[20,5350,5351,5352,5355,5356,914],{},"If you want the opposite behavior, where ",[127,5353,5354],{},"every"," item must be truthy, see ",[360,5357,5359],{"href":5358},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained\u002F",[15,5360,3515],{},[33,5362,5364],{"id":5363},"syntax","Syntax",[20,5366,5367],{},"The syntax is simple:",[38,5369,5371],{"className":40,"code":5370,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"any(iterable)\n",[15,5372,5373],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,5374,5375,5377,5379,5381],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5376,5286],{"class":98},[47,5378,78],{"class":77},[47,5380,3655],{"class":81},[47,5382,85],{"class":77},[20,5384,5385,5386,914],{},"The argument must be an ",[127,5387,3655],{},[20,5389,5390],{},"Common inputs include:",[185,5392,5393,5395,5397,5399,5401],{},[188,5394,5232],{},[188,5396,5235],{},[188,5398,5238],{},[188,5400,5241],{},[188,5402,5244],{},[20,5404,5405],{},"For example:",[38,5407,5409],{"className":40,"code":5408,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(any([0, 0, 1]))\nprint(any((False, False)))\nprint(any({0, 2}))\nprint(any(\"hello\"))\n",[15,5410,5411,5434,5453,5473],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,5412,5413,5415,5417,5419,5421,5423,5425,5427,5429,5432],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5414,99],{"class":98},[47,5416,78],{"class":77},[47,5418,5286],{"class":98},[47,5420,2928],{"class":77},[47,5422,2077],{"class":61},[47,5424,668],{"class":77},[47,5426,3769],{"class":61},[47,5428,668],{"class":77},[47,5430,5431],{"class":61}," 1",[47,5433,2941],{"class":77},[47,5435,5436,5438,5440,5442,5445,5447,5449,5451],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,5437,99],{"class":98},[47,5439,78],{"class":77},[47,5441,5286],{"class":98},[47,5443,5444],{"class":77},"((",[47,5446,3609],{"class":571},[47,5448,668],{"class":77},[47,5450,3843],{"class":571},[47,5452,2854],{"class":77},[47,5454,5455,5457,5459,5461,5464,5466,5468,5470],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,5456,99],{"class":98},[47,5458,78],{"class":77},[47,5460,5286],{"class":98},[47,5462,5463],{"class":77},"({",[47,5465,2077],{"class":61},[47,5467,668],{"class":77},[47,5469,671],{"class":61},[47,5471,5472],{"class":77},"}))\n",[47,5474,5475,5477,5479,5481,5483,5485,5487,5489],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,5476,99],{"class":98},[47,5478,78],{"class":77},[47,5480,5286],{"class":98},[47,5482,78],{"class":77},[47,5484,309],{"class":151},[47,5486,3781],{"class":155},[47,5488,309],{"class":151},[47,5490,123],{"class":77},[20,5492,5493],{},"Expected output:",[38,5495,5497],{"className":40,"code":5496,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"True\nFalse\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,5498,5499,5503,5507,5511],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,5500,5501],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5502,629],{"class":571},[47,5504,5505],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,5506,3976],{"class":571},[47,5508,5509],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,5510,629],{"class":571},[47,5512,5513],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,5514,629],{"class":571},[20,5516,5517,5518,914],{},"If you are not sure what an iterable is, read ",[360,5519,5070],{"href":5520},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained\u002F",[33,5522,3664],{"id":3663},[20,5524,3667,5525,1389,5528,3672],{},[127,5526,5527],{},"truthy",[127,5529,5530],{},"falsy",[185,5532,5533,5539],{},[188,5534,5535,3680,5537],{},[127,5536,3679],{},[15,5538,212],{},[188,5540,5541,3680,5543],{},[127,5542,3687],{},[15,5544,3609],{},[20,5546,3692],{},[185,5548,5549,5553,5557,5561,5565,5569,5573,5577],{},[188,5550,5551],{},[15,5552,3609],{},[188,5554,5555],{},[15,5556,2077],{},[188,5558,5559],{},[15,5560,3703],{},[188,5562,5563],{},[15,5564,3708],{},[188,5566,5567],{},[15,5568,3722],{},[188,5570,5571],{},[15,5572,3727],{},[188,5574,5575],{},[15,5576,3732],{},[188,5578,5579],{},[15,5580,3713],{},[20,5582,3735],{},[20,5584,5585],{},"That means these values are truthy:",[38,5587,5589],{"className":40,"code":5588,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(any([1]))\nprint(any(['hello']))\nprint(any([[1, 2, 3]]))\n",[15,5590,5591,5605,5623],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,5592,5593,5595,5597,5599,5601,5603],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5594,99],{"class":98},[47,5596,78],{"class":77},[47,5598,5286],{"class":98},[47,5600,2928],{"class":77},[47,5602,665],{"class":61},[47,5604,2941],{"class":77},[47,5606,5607,5609,5611,5613,5615,5617,5619,5621],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,5608,99],{"class":98},[47,5610,78],{"class":77},[47,5612,5286],{"class":98},[47,5614,2928],{"class":77},[47,5616,159],{"class":151},[47,5618,3781],{"class":155},[47,5620,159],{"class":151},[47,5622,2941],{"class":77},[47,5624,5625,5627,5629,5631,5634,5636,5638,5640,5642,5644],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,5626,99],{"class":98},[47,5628,78],{"class":77},[47,5630,5286],{"class":98},[47,5632,5633],{"class":77},"([[",[47,5635,665],{"class":61},[47,5637,668],{"class":77},[47,5639,671],{"class":61},[47,5641,668],{"class":77},[47,5643,676],{"class":61},[47,5645,5646],{"class":77},"]]))\n",[20,5648,5493],{},[38,5650,5652],{"className":40,"code":5651,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"True\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,5653,5654,5658,5662],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,5655,5656],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5657,629],{"class":571},[47,5659,5660],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,5661,629],{"class":571},[47,5663,5664],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,5665,629],{"class":571},[20,5667,5668],{},"And these are all falsy:",[38,5670,5672],{"className":40,"code":5671,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(any([0, '', None]))\n",[15,5673,5674],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,5675,5676,5678,5680,5682,5684,5686,5688,5690,5692,5694],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5677,99],{"class":98},[47,5679,78],{"class":77},[47,5681,5286],{"class":98},[47,5683,2928],{"class":77},[47,5685,2077],{"class":61},[47,5687,668],{"class":77},[47,5689,3774],{"class":151},[47,5691,668],{"class":77},[47,5693,3788],{"class":571},[47,5695,2941],{"class":77},[20,5697,5493],{},[38,5699,5700],{"className":40,"code":3976,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,5701,5702],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,5703,5704],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5705,3976],{"class":571},[20,5707,5708,5709,4329,5712,914],{},"If you want to understand this more clearly, see ",[360,5710,3742],{"href":5711},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false\u002F",[360,5713,5715,5717],{"href":5714},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained\u002F",[15,5716,3748],{}," explained",[33,5719,5721],{"id":5720},"basic-example","Basic example",[20,5723,5724],{},"Here is a simple example with one truthy value:",[38,5726,5728],{"className":40,"code":5727,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,5729,5730,5750],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,5731,5732,5734,5736,5738,5740,5742,5744,5746,5748],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5733,3758],{"class":53},[47,5735,58],{"class":57},[47,5737,662],{"class":77},[47,5739,2077],{"class":61},[47,5741,668],{"class":77},[47,5743,3774],{"class":151},[47,5745,668],{"class":77},[47,5747,4540],{"class":61},[47,5749,679],{"class":77},[47,5751,5752,5754,5756,5758,5760,5762],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,5753,99],{"class":98},[47,5755,78],{"class":77},[47,5757,5286],{"class":98},[47,5759,78],{"class":77},[47,5761,5291],{"class":81},[47,5763,123],{"class":77},[20,5765,129],{},[38,5767,5768],{"className":40,"code":629,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,5769,5770],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,5771,5772],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5773,629],{"class":571},[20,5775,4377],{},[185,5777,5778,5783,5787],{},[188,5779,5780,5782],{},[15,5781,2077],{}," is falsy",[188,5784,5785,5782],{},[15,5786,3708],{},[188,5788,5789,5791],{},[15,5790,2094],{}," is truthy",[20,5793,5794,5795,2346,5798,914],{},"Since at least one item is truthy, ",[15,5796,5797],{},"any(values)",[15,5799,212],{},[20,5801,5802],{},"Now look at a list where every item is falsy:",[38,5804,5806],{"className":40,"code":5805,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [0, '', None, False]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,5807,5808,5832],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,5809,5810,5812,5814,5816,5818,5820,5822,5824,5826,5828,5830],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5811,3758],{"class":53},[47,5813,58],{"class":57},[47,5815,662],{"class":77},[47,5817,2077],{"class":61},[47,5819,668],{"class":77},[47,5821,3774],{"class":151},[47,5823,668],{"class":77},[47,5825,3788],{"class":571},[47,5827,668],{"class":77},[47,5829,3843],{"class":571},[47,5831,679],{"class":77},[47,5833,5834,5836,5838,5840,5842,5844],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,5835,99],{"class":98},[47,5837,78],{"class":77},[47,5839,5286],{"class":98},[47,5841,78],{"class":77},[47,5843,5291],{"class":81},[47,5845,123],{"class":77},[20,5847,129],{},[38,5849,5850],{"className":40,"code":3976,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,5851,5852],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,5853,5854],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5855,3976],{"class":571},[20,5857,5858,5859,914],{},"Here, none of the items are truthy, so the result is ",[15,5860,3609],{},[33,5862,5864],{"id":5863},"using-any-with-conditions","Using any() with conditions",[20,5866,5867,5869,5870,914],{},[15,5868,5116],{}," is often used with a ",[127,5871,5872],{},"generator expression",[20,5874,5875],{},"This is a common pattern:",[38,5877,5879],{"className":40,"code":5878,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"any(condition for item in items)\n",[15,5880,5881],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,5882,5883,5885,5887,5890,5893,5896,5898,5901],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5884,5286],{"class":98},[47,5886,78],{"class":77},[47,5888,5889],{"class":81},"condition ",[47,5891,5892],{"class":3812},"for",[47,5894,5895],{"class":81}," item ",[47,5897,3819],{"class":3812},[47,5899,5900],{"class":81}," items",[47,5902,85],{"class":77},[20,5904,5905],{},"It is useful when you want to check whether any item matches a rule.",[20,5907,5908],{},"For example, to check whether any number is negative:",[38,5910,5912],{"className":40,"code":5911,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [4, 7, -2, 10]\n\nresult = any(x \u003C 0 for x in numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,5913,5914,5942,5946,5973],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,5915,5916,5918,5920,5922,5924,5926,5929,5931,5933,5935,5937,5940],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5917,3554],{"class":53},[47,5919,58],{"class":57},[47,5921,662],{"class":77},[47,5923,2451],{"class":61},[47,5925,668],{"class":77},[47,5927,5928],{"class":61}," 7",[47,5930,668],{"class":77},[47,5932,2176],{"class":57},[47,5934,2016],{"class":61},[47,5936,668],{"class":77},[47,5938,5939],{"class":61}," 10",[47,5941,679],{"class":77},[47,5943,5944],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,5945,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,5947,5948,5950,5952,5955,5957,5959,5961,5963,5965,5967,5969,5971],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,5949,2184],{"class":53},[47,5951,58],{"class":57},[47,5953,5954],{"class":98}," any",[47,5956,78],{"class":77},[47,5958,2967],{"class":81},[47,5960,144],{"class":57},[47,5962,3769],{"class":61},[47,5964,3813],{"class":3812},[47,5966,3816],{"class":81},[47,5968,3819],{"class":3812},[47,5970,4198],{"class":81},[47,5972,85],{"class":77},[47,5974,5975,5977,5979,5981],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,5976,99],{"class":98},[47,5978,78],{"class":77},[47,5980,2218],{"class":81},[47,5982,85],{"class":77},[20,5984,129],{},[38,5986,5987],{"className":40,"code":629,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,5988,5989],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,5990,5991],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5992,629],{"class":571},[20,5994,5995,5996,5999],{},"This works because ",[15,5997,5998],{},"x \u003C 0"," is checked for each number:",[185,6001,6002,6010,6017],{},[188,6003,6004,6007,6008],{},[15,6005,6006],{},"4 \u003C 0"," → ",[15,6009,3609],{},[188,6011,6012,6007,6015],{},[15,6013,6014],{},"7 \u003C 0",[15,6016,3609],{},[188,6018,6019,6007,6022],{},[15,6020,6021],{},"-2 \u003C 0",[15,6023,212],{},[20,6025,6026,6027,6029,6030,6032,6033,914],{},"As soon as Python finds one ",[15,6028,212],{}," result, ",[15,6031,5116],{}," can return ",[15,6034,212],{},[20,6036,6037],{},"Here is another example:",[38,6039,6041],{"className":40,"code":6040,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"apple\", \"\", \"banana\"]\n\nhas_empty_string = any(word == \"\" for word in words)\nprint(has_empty_string)\n",[15,6042,6043,6072,6076,6106],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6044,6045,6047,6049,6051,6053,6055,6057,6059,6062,6064,6066,6068,6070],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6046,4006],{"class":53},[47,6048,58],{"class":57},[47,6050,662],{"class":77},[47,6052,309],{"class":151},[47,6054,1425],{"class":155},[47,6056,309],{"class":151},[47,6058,668],{"class":77},[47,6060,6061],{"class":151}," \"\"",[47,6063,668],{"class":77},[47,6065,303],{"class":151},[47,6067,1434],{"class":155},[47,6069,309],{"class":151},[47,6071,679],{"class":77},[47,6073,6074],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,6075,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,6077,6078,6081,6083,6085,6087,6090,6092,6094,6096,6099,6101,6104],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,6079,6080],{"class":53},"has_empty_string ",[47,6082,58],{"class":57},[47,6084,5954],{"class":98},[47,6086,78],{"class":77},[47,6088,6089],{"class":81},"word ",[47,6091,4623],{"class":57},[47,6093,6061],{"class":151},[47,6095,3813],{"class":3812},[47,6097,6098],{"class":81}," word ",[47,6100,3819],{"class":3812},[47,6102,6103],{"class":81}," words",[47,6105,85],{"class":77},[47,6107,6108,6110,6112,6115],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,6109,99],{"class":98},[47,6111,78],{"class":77},[47,6113,6114],{"class":81},"has_empty_string",[47,6116,85],{"class":77},[20,6118,129],{},[38,6120,6121],{"className":40,"code":629,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,6122,6123],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6124,6125],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6126,629],{"class":571},[20,6128,6129,6130,914],{},"This style is often cleaner than writing a full loop for a simple match check. For related list-checking examples, see ",[360,6131,6133],{"href":6132},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-value-exists-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[33,6135,6137],{"id":6136},"empty-iterables","Empty iterables",[20,6139,6140,6141,2826],{},"An empty iterable returns ",[15,6142,3609],{},[38,6144,6146],{"className":40,"code":6145,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(any([]))\n",[15,6147,6148],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6149,6150,6152,6154,6156],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6151,99],{"class":98},[47,6153,78],{"class":77},[47,6155,5286],{"class":98},[47,6157,4364],{"class":77},[20,6159,129],{},[38,6161,6162],{"className":40,"code":3976,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,6163,6164],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6165,6166],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6167,3976],{"class":571},[20,6169,6170],{},"This can surprise beginners.",[20,6172,6173,6174,6176],{},"The reason is simple: ",[15,6175,5116],{}," looks for at least one truthy item. In an empty iterable, there are no items at all, so there is nothing truthy to find.",[20,6178,6179],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables:",[38,6181,6183],{"className":40,"code":6182,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(any(()))\nprint(any(\"\"))\nprint(any(set()))\n",[15,6184,6185,6195,6210],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6186,6187,6189,6191,6193],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6188,99],{"class":98},[47,6190,78],{"class":77},[47,6192,5286],{"class":98},[47,6194,4422],{"class":77},[47,6196,6197,6199,6201,6203,6205,6208],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,6198,99],{"class":98},[47,6200,78],{"class":77},[47,6202,5286],{"class":98},[47,6204,78],{"class":77},[47,6206,6207],{"class":151},"\"\"",[47,6209,123],{"class":77},[47,6211,6212,6214,6216,6218,6220,6223],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,6213,99],{"class":98},[47,6215,78],{"class":77},[47,6217,5286],{"class":98},[47,6219,78],{"class":77},[47,6221,6222],{"class":73},"set",[47,6224,6225],{"class":77},"()))\n",[20,6227,129],{},[38,6229,6231],{"className":40,"code":6230,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"False\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,6232,6233,6237,6241],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6234,6235],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6236,3976],{"class":571},[47,6238,6239],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,6240,3976],{"class":571},[47,6242,6243],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,6244,3976],{"class":571},[33,6246,6248],{"id":6247},"when-to-use-any","When to use any()",[20,6250,165,6251,6253],{},[15,6252,5116],{}," when you want to:",[185,6255,6256,6259,6262],{},[188,6257,6258],{},"check whether a list contains at least one matching value",[188,6260,6261],{},"simplify loops that only need one match",[188,6263,6264],{},"make condition checks shorter and easier to read",[20,6266,6267],{},"For example, instead of writing this:",[38,6269,6271],{"className":40,"code":6270,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\n\nfound_even = False\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        found_even = True\n        break\n\nprint(found_even)\n",[15,6272,6273,6298,6302,6312,6316,6330,6349,6358,6363,6368],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6274,6275,6277,6279,6281,6283,6285,6287,6289,6291,6293,6296],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6276,3554],{"class":53},[47,6278,58],{"class":57},[47,6280,662],{"class":77},[47,6282,665],{"class":61},[47,6284,668],{"class":77},[47,6286,676],{"class":61},[47,6288,668],{"class":77},[47,6290,4540],{"class":61},[47,6292,668],{"class":77},[47,6294,6295],{"class":61}," 8",[47,6297,679],{"class":77},[47,6299,6300],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,6301,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,6303,6304,6307,6309],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,6305,6306],{"class":53},"found_even ",[47,6308,58],{"class":57},[47,6310,6311],{"class":571}," False\n",[47,6313,6314],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,6315,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,6317,6318,6320,6323,6325,6327],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,6319,5892],{"class":3812},[47,6321,6322],{"class":53}," number ",[47,6324,3819],{"class":3812},[47,6326,4198],{"class":53},[47,6328,6329],{"class":77},":\n",[47,6331,6332,6335,6337,6340,6342,6345,6347],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,6333,6334],{"class":3812},"    if",[47,6336,6322],{"class":53},[47,6338,6339],{"class":57},"%",[47,6341,671],{"class":61},[47,6343,6344],{"class":57}," ==",[47,6346,3769],{"class":61},[47,6348,6329],{"class":77},[47,6350,6351,6354,6356],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,6352,6353],{"class":53},"        found_even ",[47,6355,58],{"class":57},[47,6357,572],{"class":571},[47,6359,6360],{"class":49,"line":1734},[47,6361,6362],{"class":3812},"        break\n",[47,6364,6366],{"class":49,"line":6365},9,[47,6367,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,6369,6371,6373,6375,6378],{"class":49,"line":6370},10,[47,6372,99],{"class":98},[47,6374,78],{"class":77},[47,6376,6377],{"class":81},"found_even",[47,6379,85],{"class":77},[20,6381,6382],{},"You can write:",[38,6384,6386],{"className":40,"code":6385,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\nprint(any(number % 2 == 0 for number in numbers))\n",[15,6387,6388,6412],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6389,6390,6392,6394,6396,6398,6400,6402,6404,6406,6408,6410],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6391,3554],{"class":53},[47,6393,58],{"class":57},[47,6395,662],{"class":77},[47,6397,665],{"class":61},[47,6399,668],{"class":77},[47,6401,676],{"class":61},[47,6403,668],{"class":77},[47,6405,4540],{"class":61},[47,6407,668],{"class":77},[47,6409,6295],{"class":61},[47,6411,679],{"class":77},[47,6413,6414,6416,6418,6420,6422,6424,6426,6428,6430,6432,6434,6436,6438,6440],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,6415,99],{"class":98},[47,6417,78],{"class":77},[47,6419,5286],{"class":98},[47,6421,78],{"class":77},[47,6423,386],{"class":81},[47,6425,6339],{"class":57},[47,6427,671],{"class":61},[47,6429,6344],{"class":57},[47,6431,3769],{"class":61},[47,6433,3813],{"class":3812},[47,6435,6322],{"class":81},[47,6437,3819],{"class":3812},[47,6439,4198],{"class":81},[47,6441,123],{"class":77},[20,6443,6444,6445,6447],{},"Both work, but ",[15,6446,5116],{}," is shorter and easier to read when you only need a yes-or-no answer.",[33,6449,1131],{"id":1130},[20,6451,6452,6453,914],{},"Here are some common mistakes with ",[15,6454,5116],{},[373,6456,6458],{"id":6457},"passing-a-single-number-instead-of-an-iterable","Passing a single number instead of an iterable",[20,6460,4460],{},[38,6462,6464],{"className":40,"code":6463,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(any(5))\n",[15,6465,6466],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6467,6468,6470,6472,6474,6476,6478],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6469,99],{"class":98},[47,6471,78],{"class":77},[47,6473,5286],{"class":98},[47,6475,78],{"class":77},[47,6477,2094],{"class":61},[47,6479,123],{"class":77},[20,6481,6482,6483,6485],{},"It causes an error because ",[15,6484,2094],{}," is not iterable.",[20,6487,6488],{},"Use an iterable instead:",[38,6490,6492],{"className":40,"code":6491,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(any([5]))\n",[15,6493,6494],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6495,6496,6498,6500,6502,6504,6506],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6497,99],{"class":98},[47,6499,78],{"class":77},[47,6501,5286],{"class":98},[47,6503,2928],{"class":77},[47,6505,2094],{"class":61},[47,6507,2941],{"class":77},[373,6509,6511],{"id":6510},"thinking-any-checks-whether-all-values-are-true","Thinking any() checks whether all values are True",[20,6513,6514,6516,6517,6520],{},[15,6515,5116],{}," needs only ",[127,6518,6519],{},"one"," truthy item.",[38,6522,6524],{"className":40,"code":6523,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(any([False, False, True]))\n",[15,6525,6526],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6527,6528,6530,6532,6534,6536,6538,6540,6542,6544,6546],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6529,99],{"class":98},[47,6531,78],{"class":77},[47,6533,5286],{"class":98},[47,6535,2928],{"class":77},[47,6537,3609],{"class":571},[47,6539,668],{"class":77},[47,6541,3843],{"class":571},[47,6543,668],{"class":77},[47,6545,3852],{"class":571},[47,6547,2941],{"class":77},[20,6549,129],{},[38,6551,6552],{"className":40,"code":629,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,6553,6554],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6555,6556],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6557,629],{"class":571},[20,6559,6560,6561,6565],{},"If you need every item to be truthy, use ",[360,6562,6563],{"href":5358},[15,6564,3515],{}," instead.",[373,6567,6569],{"id":6568},"forgetting-that-non-empty-strings-are-truthy","Forgetting that non-empty strings are truthy",[20,6571,6572,6573,914],{},"A non-empty string is truthy, even if it is not ",[15,6574,215],{},[38,6576,6578],{"className":40,"code":6577,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(any([\"False\"]))\n",[15,6579,6580],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6581,6582,6584,6586,6588,6590,6592,6594,6596],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6583,99],{"class":98},[47,6585,78],{"class":77},[47,6587,5286],{"class":98},[47,6589,2928],{"class":77},[47,6591,309],{"class":151},[47,6593,3609],{"class":155},[47,6595,309],{"class":151},[47,6597,2941],{"class":77},[20,6599,129],{},[38,6601,6602],{"className":40,"code":629,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,6603,6604],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6605,6606],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6607,629],{"class":571},[20,6609,6610,6611,6614],{},"That is because ",[15,6612,6613],{},"\"False\""," is a non-empty string.",[373,6616,6618],{"id":6617},"using-a-list-comprehension-when-a-generator-expression-is-enough","Using a list comprehension when a generator expression is enough",[20,6620,1275],{},[38,6622,6624],{"className":40,"code":6623,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any([x > 2 for x in numbers]))\n",[15,6625,6626,6646],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6627,6628,6630,6632,6634,6636,6638,6640,6642,6644],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6629,3554],{"class":53},[47,6631,58],{"class":57},[47,6633,662],{"class":77},[47,6635,665],{"class":61},[47,6637,668],{"class":77},[47,6639,671],{"class":61},[47,6641,668],{"class":77},[47,6643,676],{"class":61},[47,6645,679],{"class":77},[47,6647,6648,6650,6652,6654,6656,6658,6660,6662,6664,6666,6668,6670],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,6649,99],{"class":98},[47,6651,78],{"class":77},[47,6653,5286],{"class":98},[47,6655,2928],{"class":77},[47,6657,2967],{"class":81},[47,6659,4187],{"class":57},[47,6661,671],{"class":61},[47,6663,3813],{"class":3812},[47,6665,3816],{"class":81},[47,6667,3819],{"class":3812},[47,6669,4198],{"class":81},[47,6671,2941],{"class":77},[20,6673,6674],{},"But this is usually better:",[38,6676,6678],{"className":40,"code":6677,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any(x > 2 for x in numbers))\n",[15,6679,6680,6700],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6681,6682,6684,6686,6688,6690,6692,6694,6696,6698],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6683,3554],{"class":53},[47,6685,58],{"class":57},[47,6687,662],{"class":77},[47,6689,665],{"class":61},[47,6691,668],{"class":77},[47,6693,671],{"class":61},[47,6695,668],{"class":77},[47,6697,676],{"class":61},[47,6699,679],{"class":77},[47,6701,6702,6704,6706,6708,6710,6712,6714,6716,6718,6720,6722,6724],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,6703,99],{"class":98},[47,6705,78],{"class":77},[47,6707,5286],{"class":98},[47,6709,78],{"class":77},[47,6711,2967],{"class":81},[47,6713,4187],{"class":57},[47,6715,671],{"class":61},[47,6717,3813],{"class":3812},[47,6719,3816],{"class":81},[47,6721,3819],{"class":3812},[47,6723,4198],{"class":81},[47,6725,123],{"class":77},[20,6727,6728],{},"The second version avoids creating an unnecessary list.",[33,6730,1762],{"id":1761},[373,6732,6734],{"id":6733},"what-does-any-return-in-python","What does any() return in Python?",[20,6736,5080,6737,6739,6740,914],{},[15,6738,212],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy. Otherwise it returns ",[15,6741,3609],{},[373,6743,6745],{"id":6744},"what-happens-if-the-iterable-is-empty","What happens if the iterable is empty?",[20,6747,6748,2346,6750,6752],{},[15,6749,5116],{},[15,6751,3609],{}," for an empty iterable.",[373,6754,6756],{"id":6755},"what-is-the-difference-between-any-and-all","What is the difference between any() and all()?",[20,6758,6759,6761,6762,6764],{},[15,6760,5116],{}," needs one truthy item. ",[15,6763,3515],{}," needs every item to be truthy.",[373,6766,6768],{"id":6767},"can-i-use-any-with-a-condition","Can I use any() with a condition?",[20,6770,6771],{},"Yes. A common pattern is:",[38,6773,6774],{"className":40,"code":5878,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,6775,6776],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6777,6778,6780,6782,6784,6786,6788,6790,6792],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6779,5286],{"class":98},[47,6781,78],{"class":77},[47,6783,5889],{"class":81},[47,6785,5892],{"class":3812},[47,6787,5895],{"class":81},[47,6789,3819],{"class":3812},[47,6791,5900],{"class":81},[47,6793,85],{"class":77},[20,6795,5405],{},[38,6797,6798],{"className":40,"code":6677,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,6799,6800,6820],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6801,6802,6804,6806,6808,6810,6812,6814,6816,6818],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6803,3554],{"class":53},[47,6805,58],{"class":57},[47,6807,662],{"class":77},[47,6809,665],{"class":61},[47,6811,668],{"class":77},[47,6813,671],{"class":61},[47,6815,668],{"class":77},[47,6817,676],{"class":61},[47,6819,679],{"class":77},[47,6821,6822,6824,6826,6828,6830,6832,6834,6836,6838,6840,6842,6844],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,6823,99],{"class":98},[47,6825,78],{"class":77},[47,6827,5286],{"class":98},[47,6829,78],{"class":77},[47,6831,2967],{"class":81},[47,6833,4187],{"class":57},[47,6835,671],{"class":61},[47,6837,3813],{"class":3812},[47,6839,3816],{"class":81},[47,6841,3819],{"class":3812},[47,6843,4198],{"class":81},[47,6845,123],{"class":77},[33,6847,1825],{"id":1824},[185,6849,6850,6856,6860,6864,6869],{},[188,6851,6852],{},[360,6853,6854,1834],{"href":5358},[15,6855,3515],{},[188,6857,6858],{},[360,6859,3742],{"href":5711},[188,6861,6862],{},[360,6863,5148],{"href":5520},[188,6865,6866],{},[360,6867,6868],{"href":6132},"How to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[188,6870,6871],{},[360,6872,6873,1834],{"href":5714},[15,6874,3748],{},[1875,6876,6877],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":65,"depth":65,"links":6879},[6880,6881,6882,6883,6884,6885,6886,6887,6893,6899],{"id":5308,"depth":65,"text":5309},{"id":5363,"depth":65,"text":5364},{"id":3663,"depth":65,"text":3664},{"id":5720,"depth":65,"text":5721},{"id":5863,"depth":65,"text":5864},{"id":6136,"depth":65,"text":6137},{"id":6247,"depth":65,"text":6248},{"id":1130,"depth":65,"text":1131,"children":6888},[6889,6890,6891,6892],{"id":6457,"depth":88,"text":6458},{"id":6510,"depth":88,"text":6511},{"id":6568,"depth":88,"text":6569},{"id":6617,"depth":88,"text":6618},{"id":1761,"depth":65,"text":1762,"children":6894},[6895,6896,6897,6898],{"id":6733,"depth":88,"text":6734},{"id":6744,"depth":88,"text":6745},{"id":6755,"depth":88,"text":6756},{"id":6767,"depth":88,"text":6768},{"id":1824,"depth":65,"text":1825},"Master python any function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":5211,"description":6900},"reference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained","uL7-T2Lk2YfmN9VEO8KlebxCO6XTQT36wCuJPf1m2Jw",{"id":6906,"title":6907,"body":6908,"description":9036,"extension":1922,"meta":9037,"navigation":91,"path":9038,"seo":9039,"stem":9040,"__hash__":9041},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained.md","Python bool() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":6909,"toc":8999},[6910,6913,6922,6932,6934,7031,7033,7062,7078,7082,7087,7090,7100,7106,7112,7128,7130,7138,7145,7149,7151,7166,7171,7189,7194,7196,7244,7246,7263,7267,7273,7276,7311,7313,7419,7421,7458,7462,7470,7472,7492,7494,7615,7617,7646,7649,7672,7674,7682,7690,7694,7699,7703,7744,7746,7754,7757,7785,7787,7795,7799,7827,7829,7837,7869,7871,7879,7883,7934,7936,7944,7952,7956,7959,8012,8014,8035,8042,8046,8052,8055,8063,8085,8087,8095,8103,8126,8128,8136,8141,8146,8157,8159,8200,8211,8215,8224,8227,8230,8289,8292,8344,8347,8352,8368,8374,8376,8381,8389,8392,8414,8416,8424,8429,8432,8467,8469,8477,8481,8486,8524,8536,8539,8594,8602,8606,8609,8631,8640,8643,8684,8686,8709,8715,8721,8736,8738,8758,8761,8780,8782,8801,8805,8811,8890,8893,8907,8914,8916,8920,8927,8931,8935,8939,8944,8948,8953,8957,8964,8966,8996],[10,6911,6907],{"id":6912},"python-bool-function-explained",[20,6914,1939,6915,6917,6918,1389,6920,914],{},[15,6916,3748],{}," function converts a value to either ",[15,6919,212],{},[15,6921,3609],{},[20,6923,6924,6925,6927,6928,6931],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a value counts as \"true\" or \"false\" in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,6926,3748],{}," to understand how values behave in ",[15,6929,6930],{},"if"," statements and other conditions.",[33,6933,3544],{"id":3543},[38,6935,6937],{"className":40,"code":6936,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(1))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,6938,6939,6953,6967,6981,6999,7009],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6940,6941,6943,6945,6947,6949,6951],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6942,99],{"class":98},[47,6944,78],{"class":77},[47,6946,3803],{"class":73},[47,6948,78],{"class":77},[47,6950,2077],{"class":61},[47,6952,123],{"class":77},[47,6954,6955,6957,6959,6961,6963,6965],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,6956,99],{"class":98},[47,6958,78],{"class":77},[47,6960,3803],{"class":73},[47,6962,78],{"class":77},[47,6964,665],{"class":61},[47,6966,123],{"class":77},[47,6968,6969,6971,6973,6975,6977,6979],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,6970,99],{"class":98},[47,6972,78],{"class":77},[47,6974,3803],{"class":73},[47,6976,78],{"class":77},[47,6978,6207],{"class":151},[47,6980,123],{"class":77},[47,6982,6983,6985,6987,6989,6991,6993,6995,6997],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,6984,99],{"class":98},[47,6986,78],{"class":77},[47,6988,3803],{"class":73},[47,6990,78],{"class":77},[47,6992,309],{"class":151},[47,6994,3781],{"class":155},[47,6996,309],{"class":151},[47,6998,123],{"class":77},[47,7000,7001,7003,7005,7007],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,7002,99],{"class":98},[47,7004,78],{"class":77},[47,7006,3803],{"class":73},[47,7008,4364],{"class":77},[47,7010,7011,7013,7015,7017,7019,7021,7023,7025,7027,7029],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,7012,99],{"class":98},[47,7014,78],{"class":77},[47,7016,3803],{"class":73},[47,7018,2928],{"class":77},[47,7020,665],{"class":61},[47,7022,668],{"class":77},[47,7024,671],{"class":61},[47,7026,668],{"class":77},[47,7028,676],{"class":61},[47,7030,2941],{"class":77},[20,7032,5493],{},[38,7034,7036],{"className":40,"code":7035,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"False\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,7037,7038,7042,7046,7050,7054,7058],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7039,7040],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7041,3976],{"class":571},[47,7043,7044],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,7045,629],{"class":571},[47,7047,7048],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,7049,3976],{"class":571},[47,7051,7052],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,7053,629],{"class":571},[47,7055,7056],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,7057,3976],{"class":571},[47,7059,7060],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,7061,629],{"class":571},[20,7063,165,7064,7067,7068,1389,7070,7072,7073,7075,7076,914],{},[15,7065,7066],{},"bool(value)"," to convert a value to ",[15,7069,212],{},[15,7071,3609],{},". Empty and zero-like values become ",[15,7074,3609],{},". Most other values become ",[15,7077,212],{},[33,7079,7081],{"id":7080},"what-bool-does","What bool() does",[20,7083,7084,7086],{},[15,7085,3748],{}," converts a value into a Boolean result.",[20,7088,7089],{},"A Boolean value can only be one of these:",[185,7091,7092,7096],{},[188,7093,7094],{},[15,7095,212],{},[188,7097,7098],{},[15,7099,3609],{},[20,7101,7102,7103,7105],{},"This is especially useful in conditions such as ",[15,7104,6930],{}," statements.",[20,7107,7108,7109,7111],{},"You can also call ",[15,7110,3748],{}," with no argument:",[38,7113,7115],{"className":40,"code":7114,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(bool())\n",[15,7116,7117],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7118,7119,7121,7123,7125],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7120,99],{"class":98},[47,7122,78],{"class":77},[47,7124,3803],{"class":73},[47,7126,7127],{"class":77},"())\n",[20,7129,129],{},[38,7131,7132],{"className":40,"code":3976,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,7133,7134],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7135,7136],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7137,3976],{"class":571},[20,7139,7140,7141,914],{},"If you are new to Boolean values, see ",[360,7142,7144],{"href":7143},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-boolean-in-python\u002F","what a Boolean means in Python",[33,7146,7148],{"id":7147},"bool-syntax","bool() syntax",[20,7150,248],{},[38,7152,7154],{"className":40,"code":7153,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"bool(value)\n",[15,7155,7156],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7157,7158,7160,7162,7164],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7159,3803],{"class":73},[47,7161,78],{"class":77},[47,7163,585],{"class":81},[47,7165,85],{"class":77},[20,7167,1939,7168,7170],{},[15,7169,585],{}," can be many different types, such as:",[185,7172,7173,7175,7177,7179,7181,7184,7186],{},[188,7174,3584],{},[188,7176,5241],{},[188,7178,5232],{},[188,7180,5235],{},[188,7182,7183],{},"dictionaries",[188,7185,5238],{},[188,7187,7188],{},"other objects",[20,7190,7191,7192,914],{},"If you do not pass any value, Python returns ",[15,7193,3609],{},[20,7195,800],{},[38,7197,7199],{"className":40,"code":7198,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(bool(10))\nprint(bool(\"Python\"))\nprint(bool())\n",[15,7200,7201,7215,7234],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7202,7203,7205,7207,7209,7211,7213],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7204,99],{"class":98},[47,7206,78],{"class":77},[47,7208,3803],{"class":73},[47,7210,78],{"class":77},[47,7212,193],{"class":61},[47,7214,123],{"class":77},[47,7216,7217,7219,7221,7223,7225,7227,7230,7232],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,7218,99],{"class":98},[47,7220,78],{"class":77},[47,7222,3803],{"class":73},[47,7224,78],{"class":77},[47,7226,309],{"class":151},[47,7228,7229],{"class":155},"Python",[47,7231,309],{"class":151},[47,7233,123],{"class":77},[47,7235,7236,7238,7240,7242],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,7237,99],{"class":98},[47,7239,78],{"class":77},[47,7241,3803],{"class":73},[47,7243,7127],{"class":77},[20,7245,129],{},[38,7247,7249],{"className":40,"code":7248,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"True\nTrue\nFalse\n",[15,7250,7251,7255,7259],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7252,7253],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7254,629],{"class":571},[47,7256,7257],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,7258,629],{"class":571},[47,7260,7261],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,7262,3976],{"class":571},[33,7264,7266],{"id":7265},"values-that-become-false","Values that become False",[20,7268,7269,7270,7272],{},"Some values are treated as false in Python. These are often called ",[127,7271,5530],{}," values.",[20,7274,7275],{},"Common examples:",[185,7277,7278,7282,7286,7290,7294,7299,7303,7307],{},[188,7279,7280],{},[15,7281,2077],{},[188,7283,7284],{},[15,7285,3703],{},[188,7287,7288],{},[15,7289,6207],{},[188,7291,7292],{},[15,7293,3722],{},[188,7295,7296],{},[15,7297,7298],{},"()",[188,7300,7301],{},[15,7302,3727],{},[188,7304,7305],{},[15,7306,3732],{},[188,7308,7309],{},[15,7310,3713],{},[20,7312,800],{},[38,7314,7316],{"className":40,"code":7315,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(0.0))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool(()))\nprint(bool({}))\nprint(bool(set()))\nprint(bool(None))\n",[15,7317,7318,7332,7346,7360,7370,7380,7391,7405],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7319,7320,7322,7324,7326,7328,7330],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7321,99],{"class":98},[47,7323,78],{"class":77},[47,7325,3803],{"class":73},[47,7327,78],{"class":77},[47,7329,2077],{"class":61},[47,7331,123],{"class":77},[47,7333,7334,7336,7338,7340,7342,7344],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,7335,99],{"class":98},[47,7337,78],{"class":77},[47,7339,3803],{"class":73},[47,7341,78],{"class":77},[47,7343,3703],{"class":61},[47,7345,123],{"class":77},[47,7347,7348,7350,7352,7354,7356,7358],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,7349,99],{"class":98},[47,7351,78],{"class":77},[47,7353,3803],{"class":73},[47,7355,78],{"class":77},[47,7357,6207],{"class":151},[47,7359,123],{"class":77},[47,7361,7362,7364,7366,7368],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,7363,99],{"class":98},[47,7365,78],{"class":77},[47,7367,3803],{"class":73},[47,7369,4364],{"class":77},[47,7371,7372,7374,7376,7378],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,7373,99],{"class":98},[47,7375,78],{"class":77},[47,7377,3803],{"class":73},[47,7379,4422],{"class":77},[47,7381,7382,7384,7386,7388],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,7383,99],{"class":98},[47,7385,78],{"class":77},[47,7387,3803],{"class":73},[47,7389,7390],{"class":77},"({}))\n",[47,7392,7393,7395,7397,7399,7401,7403],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,7394,99],{"class":98},[47,7396,78],{"class":77},[47,7398,3803],{"class":73},[47,7400,78],{"class":77},[47,7402,6222],{"class":73},[47,7404,6225],{"class":77},[47,7406,7407,7409,7411,7413,7415,7417],{"class":49,"line":1734},[47,7408,99],{"class":98},[47,7410,78],{"class":77},[47,7412,3803],{"class":73},[47,7414,78],{"class":77},[47,7416,3713],{"class":571},[47,7418,123],{"class":77},[20,7420,129],{},[38,7422,7424],{"className":40,"code":7423,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"False\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,7425,7426,7430,7434,7438,7442,7446,7450,7454],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7427,7428],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7429,3976],{"class":571},[47,7431,7432],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,7433,3976],{"class":571},[47,7435,7436],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,7437,3976],{"class":571},[47,7439,7440],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,7441,3976],{"class":571},[47,7443,7444],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,7445,3976],{"class":571},[47,7447,7448],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,7449,3976],{"class":571},[47,7451,7452],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,7453,3976],{"class":571},[47,7455,7456],{"class":49,"line":1734},[47,7457,3976],{"class":571},[33,7459,7461],{"id":7460},"values-that-become-true","Values that become True",[20,7463,7464,7465,7467,7468,7272],{},"Many values become ",[15,7466,212],{},". These are often called ",[127,7469,5527],{},[20,7471,7275],{},[185,7473,7474,7477,7480,7483,7486,7489],{},[188,7475,7476],{},"non-zero numbers",[188,7478,7479],{},"non-empty strings",[188,7481,7482],{},"non-empty lists",[188,7484,7485],{},"non-empty tuples",[188,7487,7488],{},"non-empty sets",[188,7490,7491],{},"non-empty dictionaries",[20,7493,800],{},[38,7495,7497],{"className":40,"code":7496,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(bool(5))\nprint(bool(-2))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(bool((1, 2)))\nprint(bool({\"name\": \"Sam\"}))\n",[15,7498,7499,7513,7529,7547,7569,7587],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7500,7501,7503,7505,7507,7509,7511],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7502,99],{"class":98},[47,7504,78],{"class":77},[47,7506,3803],{"class":73},[47,7508,78],{"class":77},[47,7510,2094],{"class":61},[47,7512,123],{"class":77},[47,7514,7515,7517,7519,7521,7523,7525,7527],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,7516,99],{"class":98},[47,7518,78],{"class":77},[47,7520,3803],{"class":73},[47,7522,78],{"class":77},[47,7524,1981],{"class":57},[47,7526,2016],{"class":61},[47,7528,123],{"class":77},[47,7530,7531,7533,7535,7537,7539,7541,7543,7545],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,7532,99],{"class":98},[47,7534,78],{"class":77},[47,7536,3803],{"class":73},[47,7538,78],{"class":77},[47,7540,309],{"class":151},[47,7542,3781],{"class":155},[47,7544,309],{"class":151},[47,7546,123],{"class":77},[47,7548,7549,7551,7553,7555,7557,7559,7561,7563,7565,7567],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,7550,99],{"class":98},[47,7552,78],{"class":77},[47,7554,3803],{"class":73},[47,7556,2928],{"class":77},[47,7558,665],{"class":61},[47,7560,668],{"class":77},[47,7562,671],{"class":61},[47,7564,668],{"class":77},[47,7566,676],{"class":61},[47,7568,2941],{"class":77},[47,7570,7571,7573,7575,7577,7579,7581,7583,7585],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,7572,99],{"class":98},[47,7574,78],{"class":77},[47,7576,3803],{"class":73},[47,7578,5444],{"class":77},[47,7580,665],{"class":61},[47,7582,668],{"class":77},[47,7584,671],{"class":61},[47,7586,2854],{"class":77},[47,7588,7589,7591,7593,7595,7597,7599,7602,7604,7606,7608,7611,7613],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,7590,99],{"class":98},[47,7592,78],{"class":77},[47,7594,3803],{"class":73},[47,7596,5463],{"class":77},[47,7598,309],{"class":151},[47,7600,7601],{"class":155},"name",[47,7603,309],{"class":151},[47,7605,2826],{"class":77},[47,7607,303],{"class":151},[47,7609,7610],{"class":155},"Sam",[47,7612,309],{"class":151},[47,7614,5472],{"class":77},[20,7616,129],{},[38,7618,7620],{"className":40,"code":7619,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"True\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,7621,7622,7626,7630,7634,7638,7642],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7623,7624],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7625,629],{"class":571},[47,7627,7628],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,7629,629],{"class":571},[47,7631,7632],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,7633,629],{"class":571},[47,7635,7636],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,7637,629],{"class":571},[47,7639,7640],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,7641,629],{"class":571},[47,7643,7644],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,7645,629],{"class":571},[20,7647,7648],{},"One important example is this:",[38,7650,7652],{"className":40,"code":7651,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(bool(\"False\"))\n",[15,7653,7654],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7655,7656,7658,7660,7662,7664,7666,7668,7670],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7657,99],{"class":98},[47,7659,78],{"class":77},[47,7661,3803],{"class":73},[47,7663,78],{"class":77},[47,7665,309],{"class":151},[47,7667,3609],{"class":155},[47,7669,309],{"class":151},[47,7671,123],{"class":77},[20,7673,129],{},[38,7675,7676],{"className":40,"code":629,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,7677,7678],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7679,7680],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7681,629],{"class":571},[20,7683,7684,7685,7687,7688,914],{},"Even though the text says ",[15,7686,6613],{},", it is still a non-empty string, so Python treats it as ",[15,7689,212],{},[33,7691,7693],{"id":7692},"using-bool-in-real-code","Using bool() in real code",[20,7695,1526,7696,7698],{},[15,7697,3748],{}," in simple programs to make your code easier to understand.",[373,7700,7702],{"id":7701},"check-whether-a-list-has-items","Check whether a list has items",[38,7704,7706],{"className":40,"code":7705,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,7707,7708,7730],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7709,7710,7712,7714,7716,7718,7720,7723,7725,7728],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7711,657],{"class":53},[47,7713,58],{"class":57},[47,7715,662],{"class":77},[47,7717,193],{"class":61},[47,7719,668],{"class":77},[47,7721,7722],{"class":61}," 20",[47,7724,668],{"class":77},[47,7726,7727],{"class":61}," 30",[47,7729,679],{"class":77},[47,7731,7732,7734,7736,7738,7740,7742],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,7733,99],{"class":98},[47,7735,78],{"class":77},[47,7737,3803],{"class":73},[47,7739,78],{"class":77},[47,7741,692],{"class":81},[47,7743,123],{"class":77},[20,7745,129],{},[38,7747,7748],{"className":40,"code":629,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,7749,7750],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7751,7752],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7753,629],{"class":571},[20,7755,7756],{},"With an empty list:",[38,7758,7760],{"className":40,"code":7759,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = []\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,7761,7762,7771],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7763,7764,7766,7768],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7765,657],{"class":53},[47,7767,58],{"class":57},[47,7769,7770],{"class":77}," []\n",[47,7772,7773,7775,7777,7779,7781,7783],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,7774,99],{"class":98},[47,7776,78],{"class":77},[47,7778,3803],{"class":73},[47,7780,78],{"class":77},[47,7782,692],{"class":81},[47,7784,123],{"class":77},[20,7786,129],{},[38,7788,7789],{"className":40,"code":3976,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,7790,7791],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7792,7793],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7794,3976],{"class":571},[373,7796,7798],{"id":7797},"check-whether-a-string-is-empty","Check whether a string is empty",[38,7800,7802],{"className":40,"code":7801,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,7803,7804,7813],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7805,7806,7808,7810],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7807,810],{"class":53},[47,7809,58],{"class":57},[47,7811,7812],{"class":151}," \"\"\n",[47,7814,7815,7817,7819,7821,7823,7825],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,7816,99],{"class":98},[47,7818,78],{"class":77},[47,7820,3803],{"class":73},[47,7822,78],{"class":77},[47,7824,7601],{"class":81},[47,7826,123],{"class":77},[20,7828,129],{},[38,7830,7831],{"className":40,"code":3976,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,7832,7833],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7834,7835],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7836,3976],{"class":571},[38,7838,7840],{"className":40,"code":7839,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"Mia\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,7841,7842,7855],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7843,7844,7846,7848,7850,7853],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7845,810],{"class":53},[47,7847,58],{"class":57},[47,7849,303],{"class":151},[47,7851,7852],{"class":155},"Mia",[47,7854,820],{"class":151},[47,7856,7857,7859,7861,7863,7865,7867],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,7858,99],{"class":98},[47,7860,78],{"class":77},[47,7862,3803],{"class":73},[47,7864,78],{"class":77},[47,7866,7601],{"class":81},[47,7868,123],{"class":77},[20,7870,129],{},[38,7872,7873],{"className":40,"code":629,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,7874,7875],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7876,7877],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7878,629],{"class":571},[373,7880,7882],{"id":7881},"convert-a-result-before-printing-or-storing-it","Convert a result before printing or storing it",[38,7884,7886],{"className":40,"code":7885,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"username = \"alex\"\nhas_name = bool(username)\n\nprint(has_name)\n",[15,7887,7888,7902,7919,7923],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7889,7890,7893,7895,7897,7900],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7891,7892],{"class":53},"username ",[47,7894,58],{"class":57},[47,7896,303],{"class":151},[47,7898,7899],{"class":155},"alex",[47,7901,820],{"class":151},[47,7903,7904,7907,7909,7912,7914,7917],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,7905,7906],{"class":53},"has_name ",[47,7908,58],{"class":57},[47,7910,7911],{"class":73}," bool",[47,7913,78],{"class":77},[47,7915,7916],{"class":81},"username",[47,7918,85],{"class":77},[47,7920,7921],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,7922,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,7924,7925,7927,7929,7932],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,7926,99],{"class":98},[47,7928,78],{"class":77},[47,7930,7931],{"class":81},"has_name",[47,7933,85],{"class":77},[20,7935,129],{},[38,7937,7938],{"className":40,"code":629,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,7939,7940],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7941,7942],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7943,629],{"class":571},[20,7945,7946,7947,1389,7949,7951],{},"This can be useful when you want a clear ",[15,7948,212],{},[15,7950,3609],{}," value instead of checking the original value later.",[373,7953,7955],{"id":7954},"help-understand-conditions","Help understand conditions",[20,7957,7958],{},"Python already checks truthy and falsy values in conditions.",[38,7960,7962],{"className":40,"code":7961,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif numbers:\n    print(\"The list is not empty\")\n",[15,7963,7964,7984,7988,7996],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7965,7966,7968,7970,7972,7974,7976,7978,7980,7982],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7967,3554],{"class":53},[47,7969,58],{"class":57},[47,7971,662],{"class":77},[47,7973,665],{"class":61},[47,7975,668],{"class":77},[47,7977,671],{"class":61},[47,7979,668],{"class":77},[47,7981,676],{"class":61},[47,7983,679],{"class":77},[47,7985,7986],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,7987,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,7989,7990,7992,7994],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,7991,6930],{"class":3812},[47,7993,4198],{"class":53},[47,7995,6329],{"class":77},[47,7997,7998,8001,8003,8005,8008,8010],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,7999,8000],{"class":98},"    print",[47,8002,78],{"class":77},[47,8004,309],{"class":151},[47,8006,8007],{"class":155},"The list is not empty",[47,8009,309],{"class":151},[47,8011,85],{"class":77},[20,8013,129],{},[38,8015,8017],{"className":40,"code":8016,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"The list is not empty\n",[15,8018,8019],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8020,8021,8023,8026,8029,8032],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8022,1939],{"class":53},[47,8024,8025],{"class":73},"list",[47,8027,8028],{"class":57}," is",[47,8030,8031],{"class":57}," not",[47,8033,8034],{"class":53}," empty\n",[20,8036,8037,8038,914],{},"To learn more about conditions, see ",[360,8039,8041],{"href":8040},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-if-statements-explained\u002F","Python if statements explained",[33,8043,8045],{"id":8044},"important-beginner-warning","Important beginner warning",[20,8047,8048,8049,8051],{},"A very common mistake is expecting ",[15,8050,3748],{}," to understand the meaning of text.",[20,8053,8054],{},"It does not do that.",[373,8056,8058,2346,8061],{"id":8057},"boolfalse-returns-true",[15,8059,8060],{},"bool(\"False\")",[15,8062,212],{},[38,8064,8065],{"className":40,"code":7651,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,8066,8067],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8068,8069,8071,8073,8075,8077,8079,8081,8083],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8070,99],{"class":98},[47,8072,78],{"class":77},[47,8074,3803],{"class":73},[47,8076,78],{"class":77},[47,8078,309],{"class":151},[47,8080,3609],{"class":155},[47,8082,309],{"class":151},[47,8084,123],{"class":77},[20,8086,129],{},[38,8088,8089],{"className":40,"code":629,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,8090,8091],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8092,8093],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8094,629],{"class":571},[373,8096,8098,2346,8101],{"id":8097},"bool0-returns-true",[15,8099,8100],{},"bool(\"0\")",[15,8102,212],{},[38,8104,8106],{"className":40,"code":8105,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(bool(\"0\"))\n",[15,8107,8108],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8109,8110,8112,8114,8116,8118,8120,8122,8124],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8111,99],{"class":98},[47,8113,78],{"class":77},[47,8115,3803],{"class":73},[47,8117,78],{"class":77},[47,8119,309],{"class":151},[47,8121,2077],{"class":155},[47,8123,309],{"class":151},[47,8125,123],{"class":77},[20,8127,129],{},[38,8129,8130],{"className":40,"code":629,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,8131,8132],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8133,8134],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8135,629],{"class":571},[20,8137,8138,8139,914],{},"This happens because both values are ",[127,8140,7479],{},[20,8142,8143,8145],{},[15,8144,3748],{}," does not read the word and decide what it means. It only checks whether the value is empty or not.",[20,8147,8148,8149,8154,8155,275],{},"This matters a lot when working with ",[360,8150,8152],{"href":8151},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained\u002F",[15,8153,2900],{},", because ",[15,8156,2900],{},[20,8158,800],{},[38,8160,8162],{"className":40,"code":8161,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"user_value = input(\"Enter True or False: \")\nprint(bool(user_value))\n",[15,8163,8164,8185],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8165,8166,8169,8171,8174,8176,8178,8181,8183],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8167,8168],{"class":53},"user_value ",[47,8170,58],{"class":57},[47,8172,8173],{"class":98}," input",[47,8175,78],{"class":77},[47,8177,309],{"class":151},[47,8179,8180],{"class":155},"Enter True or False: ",[47,8182,309],{"class":151},[47,8184,85],{"class":77},[47,8186,8187,8189,8191,8193,8195,8198],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,8188,99],{"class":98},[47,8190,78],{"class":77},[47,8192,3803],{"class":73},[47,8194,78],{"class":77},[47,8196,8197],{"class":81},"user_value",[47,8199,123],{"class":77},[20,8201,8202,8203,8205,8206,8154,8208,8210],{},"If the user types ",[15,8204,3609],{},", the result will still be ",[15,8207,212],{},[15,8209,6613],{}," is not empty.",[33,8212,8214],{"id":8213},"when-you-may-not-need-bool","When you may not need bool()",[20,8216,8217,8218,8220,8221,8223],{},"In many ",[15,8219,6930],{}," statements, you do not need to write ",[15,8222,3748],{}," yourself.",[20,8225,8226],{},"Python already checks truthiness for you.",[20,8228,8229],{},"Instead of this:",[38,8231,8233],{"className":40,"code":8232,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif bool(my_list):\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,8234,8235,8256,8260,8274],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8236,8237,8240,8242,8244,8246,8248,8250,8252,8254],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8238,8239],{"class":53},"my_list ",[47,8241,58],{"class":57},[47,8243,662],{"class":77},[47,8245,665],{"class":61},[47,8247,668],{"class":77},[47,8249,671],{"class":61},[47,8251,668],{"class":77},[47,8253,676],{"class":61},[47,8255,679],{"class":77},[47,8257,8258],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,8259,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,8261,8262,8264,8266,8268,8271],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,8263,6930],{"class":3812},[47,8265,7911],{"class":73},[47,8267,78],{"class":77},[47,8269,8270],{"class":81},"my_list",[47,8272,8273],{"class":77},"):\n",[47,8275,8276,8278,8280,8282,8285,8287],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,8277,8000],{"class":98},[47,8279,78],{"class":77},[47,8281,309],{"class":151},[47,8283,8284],{"class":155},"List has items",[47,8286,309],{"class":151},[47,8288,85],{"class":77},[20,8290,8291],{},"You can simply write:",[38,8293,8295],{"className":40,"code":8294,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif my_list:\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,8296,8297,8317,8321,8330],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8298,8299,8301,8303,8305,8307,8309,8311,8313,8315],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8300,8239],{"class":53},[47,8302,58],{"class":57},[47,8304,662],{"class":77},[47,8306,665],{"class":61},[47,8308,668],{"class":77},[47,8310,671],{"class":61},[47,8312,668],{"class":77},[47,8314,676],{"class":61},[47,8316,679],{"class":77},[47,8318,8319],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,8320,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,8322,8323,8325,8328],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,8324,6930],{"class":3812},[47,8326,8327],{"class":53}," my_list",[47,8329,6329],{"class":77},[47,8331,8332,8334,8336,8338,8340,8342],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,8333,8000],{"class":98},[47,8335,78],{"class":77},[47,8337,309],{"class":151},[47,8339,8284],{"class":155},[47,8341,309],{"class":151},[47,8343,85],{"class":77},[20,8345,8346],{},"Both examples work.",[20,8348,1335,8349,8351],{},[15,8350,3748],{}," is still helpful when:",[185,8353,8354,8357,8365],{},[188,8355,8356],{},"you are learning how truthy and falsy values work",[188,8358,8359,8360,1389,8362,8364],{},"you want to store a real ",[15,8361,212],{},[15,8363,3609],{}," value",[188,8366,8367],{},"you want to print the result clearly while debugging",[20,8369,8370,8371,914],{},"If you want to inspect the type of a value, see ",[360,8372,8373],{"href":362},"Python type() function explained",[33,8375,2775],{"id":2774},[20,8377,8378,8379,914],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with ",[15,8380,3748],{},[373,8382,1400,8384,8386,8387],{"id":8383},"expecting-boolfalse-to-return-false",[15,8385,8060],{}," to return ",[15,8388,3609],{},[20,8390,8391],{},"This is one of the most common problems.",[38,8393,8394],{"className":40,"code":7651,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,8395,8396],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8397,8398,8400,8402,8404,8406,8408,8410,8412],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8399,99],{"class":98},[47,8401,78],{"class":77},[47,8403,3803],{"class":73},[47,8405,78],{"class":77},[47,8407,309],{"class":151},[47,8409,3609],{"class":155},[47,8411,309],{"class":151},[47,8413,123],{"class":77},[20,8415,129],{},[38,8417,8418],{"className":40,"code":629,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,8419,8420],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8421,8422],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8423,629],{"class":571},[20,8425,8426,8427,6614],{},"Why? Because ",[15,8428,6613],{},[20,8430,8431],{},"If you want to check the actual text, compare the string directly:",[38,8433,8435],{"className":40,"code":8434,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = \"False\"\nprint(value == \"True\")\n",[15,8436,8437,8449],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8438,8439,8441,8443,8445,8447],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8440,566],{"class":53},[47,8442,58],{"class":57},[47,8444,303],{"class":151},[47,8446,3609],{"class":155},[47,8448,820],{"class":151},[47,8450,8451,8453,8455,8457,8459,8461,8463,8465],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,8452,99],{"class":98},[47,8454,78],{"class":77},[47,8456,566],{"class":81},[47,8458,4623],{"class":57},[47,8460,303],{"class":151},[47,8462,212],{"class":155},[47,8464,309],{"class":151},[47,8466,85],{"class":77},[20,8468,129],{},[38,8470,8471],{"className":40,"code":3976,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,8472,8473],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8474,8475],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8476,3976],{"class":571},[373,8478,8480],{"id":8479},"using-strings-from-input-and-expecting-automatic-yesno-conversion","Using strings from input() and expecting automatic yes\u002Fno conversion",[20,8482,8483,8485],{},[15,8484,2900],{}," returns text, not real Boolean values.",[38,8487,8489],{"className":40,"code":8488,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \")\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,8490,8491,8510],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8492,8493,8495,8497,8499,8501,8503,8506,8508],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8494,566],{"class":53},[47,8496,58],{"class":57},[47,8498,8173],{"class":98},[47,8500,78],{"class":77},[47,8502,309],{"class":151},[47,8504,8505],{"class":155},"Enter yes or no: ",[47,8507,309],{"class":151},[47,8509,85],{"class":77},[47,8511,8512,8514,8516,8518,8520,8522],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,8513,99],{"class":98},[47,8515,78],{"class":77},[47,8517,3803],{"class":73},[47,8519,78],{"class":77},[47,8521,585],{"class":81},[47,8523,123],{"class":77},[20,8525,8202,8526,8529,8530,8532,8533,8210],{},[15,8527,8528],{},"no",", the result is still ",[15,8531,212],{}," because ",[15,8534,8535],{},"\"no\"",[20,8537,8538],{},"A safer approach is to clean the text and compare it:",[38,8540,8542],{"className":40,"code":8541,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \").strip().lower()\nprint(value == \"yes\")\n",[15,8543,8544,8575],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8545,8546,8548,8550,8552,8554,8556,8558,8560,8563,8566,8569,8572],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8547,566],{"class":53},[47,8549,58],{"class":57},[47,8551,8173],{"class":98},[47,8553,78],{"class":77},[47,8555,309],{"class":151},[47,8557,8505],{"class":155},[47,8559,309],{"class":151},[47,8561,8562],{"class":77},").",[47,8564,8565],{"class":81},"strip",[47,8567,8568],{"class":77},"().",[47,8570,8571],{"class":81},"lower",[47,8573,8574],{"class":77},"()\n",[47,8576,8577,8579,8581,8583,8585,8587,8590,8592],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,8578,99],{"class":98},[47,8580,78],{"class":77},[47,8582,566],{"class":81},[47,8584,4623],{"class":57},[47,8586,303],{"class":151},[47,8588,8589],{"class":155},"yes",[47,8591,309],{"class":151},[47,8593,85],{"class":77},[20,8595,8596,8597,8599,8600,914],{},"This gives ",[15,8598,212],{}," only when the user enters ",[15,8601,8589],{},[373,8603,8605],{"id":8604},"confusing-empty-values-with-the-actual-value-false","Confusing empty values with the actual value False",[20,8607,8608],{},"These are different:",[185,8610,8611,8615,8619,8623,8627],{},[188,8612,8613],{},[15,8614,3609],{},[188,8616,8617],{},[15,8618,2077],{},[188,8620,8621],{},[15,8622,6207],{},[188,8624,8625],{},[15,8626,3722],{},[188,8628,8629],{},[15,8630,3713],{},[20,8632,8633,8634,8636,8637,8639],{},"They all become ",[15,8635,3609],{}," with ",[15,8638,3748],{},", but they are not the same value.",[20,8641,8642],{},"You can check the type if needed:",[38,8644,8646],{"className":40,"code":8645,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = []\nprint(type(value))\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,8647,8648,8656,8670],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8649,8650,8652,8654],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8651,566],{"class":53},[47,8653,58],{"class":57},[47,8655,7770],{"class":77},[47,8657,8658,8660,8662,8664,8666,8668],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,8659,99],{"class":98},[47,8661,78],{"class":77},[47,8663,116],{"class":73},[47,8665,78],{"class":77},[47,8667,585],{"class":81},[47,8669,123],{"class":77},[47,8671,8672,8674,8676,8678,8680,8682],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,8673,99],{"class":98},[47,8675,78],{"class":77},[47,8677,3803],{"class":73},[47,8679,78],{"class":77},[47,8681,585],{"class":81},[47,8683,123],{"class":77},[20,8685,129],{},[38,8687,8689],{"className":40,"code":8688,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass 'list'>\nFalse\n",[15,8690,8691,8705],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8692,8693,8695,8697,8699,8701,8703],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8694,144],{"class":57},[47,8696,148],{"class":147},[47,8698,152],{"class":151},[47,8700,8025],{"class":155},[47,8702,159],{"class":151},[47,8704,162],{"class":57},[47,8706,8707],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,8708,3976],{"class":571},[373,8710,1335,8712,8714],{"id":8711},"using-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,8713,3727],{}," expecting an empty set",[20,8716,8717,8718,8720],{},"In Python, ",[15,8719,3727],{}," creates an empty dictionary, not an empty set.",[38,8722,8724],{"className":40,"code":8723,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(type({}))\n",[15,8725,8726],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8727,8728,8730,8732,8734],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8729,99],{"class":98},[47,8731,78],{"class":77},[47,8733,116],{"class":73},[47,8735,7390],{"class":77},[20,8737,129],{},[38,8739,8741],{"className":40,"code":8740,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,8742,8743],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8744,8745,8747,8749,8751,8754,8756],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8746,144],{"class":57},[47,8748,148],{"class":147},[47,8750,152],{"class":151},[47,8752,8753],{"class":155},"dict",[47,8755,159],{"class":151},[47,8757,162],{"class":57},[20,8759,8760],{},"To make an empty set, use:",[38,8762,8764],{"className":40,"code":8763,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(type(set()))\n",[15,8765,8766],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8767,8768,8770,8772,8774,8776,8778],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8769,99],{"class":98},[47,8771,78],{"class":77},[47,8773,116],{"class":73},[47,8775,78],{"class":77},[47,8777,6222],{"class":73},[47,8779,6225],{"class":77},[20,8781,129],{},[38,8783,8785],{"className":40,"code":8784,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,8786,8787],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8788,8789,8791,8793,8795,8797,8799],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8790,144],{"class":57},[47,8792,148],{"class":147},[47,8794,152],{"class":151},[47,8796,6222],{"class":155},[47,8798,159],{"class":151},[47,8800,162],{"class":57},[33,8802,8804],{"id":8803},"helpful-debugging-checks","Helpful debugging checks",[20,8806,8807,8808,8810],{},"If ",[15,8809,3748],{}," gives a result you did not expect, these checks can help:",[38,8812,8814],{"className":40,"code":8813,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(bool(value))\nprint(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(value == \"True\")\nprint(value.strip().lower())\n",[15,8815,8816,8830,8844,8854,8872],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8817,8818,8820,8822,8824,8826,8828],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8819,99],{"class":98},[47,8821,78],{"class":77},[47,8823,3803],{"class":73},[47,8825,78],{"class":77},[47,8827,585],{"class":81},[47,8829,123],{"class":77},[47,8831,8832,8834,8836,8838,8840,8842],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,8833,99],{"class":98},[47,8835,78],{"class":77},[47,8837,116],{"class":73},[47,8839,78],{"class":77},[47,8841,585],{"class":81},[47,8843,123],{"class":77},[47,8845,8846,8848,8850,8852],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,8847,99],{"class":98},[47,8849,78],{"class":77},[47,8851,585],{"class":81},[47,8853,85],{"class":77},[47,8855,8856,8858,8860,8862,8864,8866,8868,8870],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,8857,99],{"class":98},[47,8859,78],{"class":77},[47,8861,566],{"class":81},[47,8863,4623],{"class":57},[47,8865,303],{"class":151},[47,8867,212],{"class":155},[47,8869,309],{"class":151},[47,8871,85],{"class":77},[47,8873,8874,8876,8878,8880,8882,8884,8886,8888],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,8875,99],{"class":98},[47,8877,78],{"class":77},[47,8879,585],{"class":81},[47,8881,914],{"class":77},[47,8883,8565],{"class":81},[47,8885,8568],{"class":77},[47,8887,8571],{"class":81},[47,8889,7127],{"class":77},[20,8891,8892],{},"These are useful for finding out:",[185,8894,8895,8898,8901,8904],{},[188,8896,8897],{},"what the value really is",[188,8899,8900],{},"whether it is a string",[188,8902,8903],{},"whether it contains spaces",[188,8905,8906],{},"whether it matches the text you expected",[20,8908,8909,8910,914],{},"This is especially helpful when handling user input. You may also want to read ",[360,8911,8913],{"href":8912},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-user-input-to-numbers-in-python\u002F","how to convert user input to numbers in Python",[33,8915,1762],{"id":1761},[373,8917,8919],{"id":8918},"what-does-bool-return-in-python","What does bool() return in Python?",[20,8921,8922,8923,1389,8925,914],{},"It returns either ",[15,8924,212],{},[15,8926,3609],{},[373,8928,8930],{"id":8929},"what-happens-if-i-call-bool-with-no-argument","What happens if I call bool() with no argument?",[20,8932,5080,8933,914],{},[15,8934,3609],{},[373,8936,8938],{"id":8937},"why-does-boolfalse-return-true","Why does bool(\"False\") return True?",[20,8940,8941,8942,914],{},"Because the string is not empty. Non-empty strings are ",[15,8943,212],{},[373,8945,8947],{"id":8946},"does-bool0-return-false","Does bool(0) return False?",[20,8949,8950,8951,914],{},"Yes. Zero values are ",[15,8952,3609],{},[373,8954,8956],{"id":8955},"should-i-use-bool-inside-every-if-statement","Should I use bool() inside every if statement?",[20,8958,8959,8960,1389,8962,3672],{},"No. Python already treats many values as ",[15,8961,212],{},[15,8963,3609],{},[33,8965,1825],{"id":1824},[185,8967,8968,8973,8977,8982,8986,8991],{},[188,8969,8970],{},[360,8971,8972],{"href":5711},"Python booleans explained: True and False",[188,8974,8975],{},[360,8976,8041],{"href":8040},[188,8978,8979],{},[360,8980,8981],{"href":8151},"Python input() function explained",[188,8983,8984],{},[360,8985,8373],{"href":362},[188,8987,8988],{},[360,8989,8990],{"href":8912},"How to convert user input to numbers in Python",[188,8992,8993],{},[360,8994,8995],{"href":7143},"What is a Boolean in Python?",[1875,8997,8998],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":65,"depth":65,"links":9000},[9001,9002,9003,9004,9005,9006,9012,9018,9019,9027,9028,9035],{"id":3543,"depth":65,"text":3544},{"id":7080,"depth":65,"text":7081},{"id":7147,"depth":65,"text":7148},{"id":7265,"depth":65,"text":7266},{"id":7460,"depth":65,"text":7461},{"id":7692,"depth":65,"text":7693,"children":9007},[9008,9009,9010,9011],{"id":7701,"depth":88,"text":7702},{"id":7797,"depth":88,"text":7798},{"id":7881,"depth":88,"text":7882},{"id":7954,"depth":88,"text":7955},{"id":8044,"depth":65,"text":8045,"children":9013},[9014,9016],{"id":8057,"depth":88,"text":9015},"bool(\"False\") returns True",{"id":8097,"depth":88,"text":9017},"bool(\"0\") returns True",{"id":8213,"depth":65,"text":8214},{"id":2774,"depth":65,"text":2775,"children":9020},[9021,9023,9024,9025],{"id":8383,"depth":88,"text":9022},"Expecting bool(\"False\") to return False",{"id":8479,"depth":88,"text":8480},{"id":8604,"depth":88,"text":8605},{"id":8711,"depth":88,"text":9026},"Using {} expecting an empty set",{"id":8803,"depth":65,"text":8804},{"id":1761,"depth":65,"text":1762,"children":9029},[9030,9031,9032,9033,9034],{"id":8918,"depth":88,"text":8919},{"id":8929,"depth":88,"text":8930},{"id":8937,"depth":88,"text":8938},{"id":8946,"depth":88,"text":8947},{"id":8955,"depth":88,"text":8956},{"id":1824,"depth":65,"text":1825},"Master python bool function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained",{"title":6907,"description":9036},"reference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained","pI2oMfdg_YnAHiyOUFPGbqEmJXu7efHhSyUkPc3C068",{"id":9043,"title":9044,"body":9045,"description":11238,"extension":1922,"meta":11239,"navigation":91,"path":11240,"seo":11241,"stem":11242,"__hash__":11243},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained.md","Python dict() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":9046,"toc":11200},[9047,9053,9059,9066,9071,9082,9089,9198,9202,9269,9274,9279,9284,9287,9298,9303,9306,9317,9324,9326,9331,9335,9360,9364,9373,9377,9440,9444,9477,9481,9526,9530,9567,9571,9574,9630,9634,9680,9683,9688,9727,9731,9754,9757,9771,9784,9788,9793,9860,9864,9900,9903,9911,9914,9978,9982,10014,10020,10022,10082,10089,10092,10170,10174,10207,10211,10214,10258,10262,10298,10301,10318,10321,10324,10377,10380,10391,10398,10407,10410,10468,10472,10513,10520,10528,10534,10542,10554,10559,10570,10643,10646,10658,10674,10678,10683,10687,10689,10732,10738,10741,10804,10808,10811,10820,10825,10862,10866,10869,10877,10880,10919,10923,10926,10977,10981,11002,11009,11011,11017,11044,11047,11102,11105,11116,11118,11125,11133,11139,11144,11151,11154,11161,11168,11170,11197],[10,9048,13,9050,18],{"id":9049},"python-dict-function-explained",[15,9051,9052],{},"dict()",[20,9054,9055,9056,9058],{},"The built-in ",[15,9057,9052],{}," function creates a new dictionary.",[20,9060,9061,9062,9065],{},"A dictionary stores data as ",[127,9063,9064],{},"key-value pairs",". You use it when you want to connect one piece of data to another, such as a name to an age or a product to a price.",[20,9067,9068,9070],{},[15,9069,9052],{}," is commonly used to:",[185,9072,9073,9076,9079],{},[188,9074,9075],{},"create an empty dictionary",[188,9077,9078],{},"convert key-value pairs into a dictionary",[188,9080,9081],{},"build a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,9083,9084,9085,914],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, see ",[360,9086,9088],{"href":9087},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained\u002F","Python dictionaries explained",[38,9090,9092],{"className":40,"code":9091,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n\npairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\nprint(dict(pairs))\n",[15,9093,9094,9129,9140,9144,9183],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,9095,9096,9099,9101,9104,9106,9109,9111,9113,9115,9117,9119,9122,9124,9127],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9097,9098],{"class":53},"data ",[47,9100,58],{"class":57},[47,9102,9103],{"class":73}," dict",[47,9105,78],{"class":77},[47,9107,7601],{"class":9108},"s99_P",[47,9110,58],{"class":57},[47,9112,159],{"class":151},[47,9114,4938],{"class":155},[47,9116,159],{"class":151},[47,9118,668],{"class":77},[47,9120,9121],{"class":9108}," age",[47,9123,58],{"class":57},[47,9125,9126],{"class":61},"25",[47,9128,85],{"class":77},[47,9130,9131,9133,9135,9138],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,9132,99],{"class":98},[47,9134,78],{"class":77},[47,9136,9137],{"class":81},"data",[47,9139,85],{"class":77},[47,9141,9142],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,9143,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,9145,9146,9149,9151,9154,9156,9158,9160,9162,9164,9167,9170,9172,9174,9176,9178,9180],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,9147,9148],{"class":53},"pairs ",[47,9150,58],{"class":57},[47,9152,9153],{"class":77}," [(",[47,9155,159],{"class":151},[47,9157,360],{"class":155},[47,9159,159],{"class":151},[47,9161,668],{"class":77},[47,9163,5431],{"class":61},[47,9165,9166],{"class":77},"),",[47,9168,9169],{"class":77}," (",[47,9171,159],{"class":151},[47,9173,4696],{"class":155},[47,9175,159],{"class":151},[47,9177,668],{"class":77},[47,9179,671],{"class":61},[47,9181,9182],{"class":77},")]\n",[47,9184,9185,9187,9189,9191,9193,9196],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,9186,99],{"class":98},[47,9188,78],{"class":77},[47,9190,8753],{"class":73},[47,9192,78],{"class":77},[47,9194,9195],{"class":81},"pairs",[47,9197,123],{"class":77},[20,9199,9200],{},[127,9201,129],{},[38,9203,9205],{"className":40,"code":9204,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,9206,9207,9241],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,9208,9209,9212,9214,9216,9218,9220,9222,9224,9226,9228,9230,9232,9234,9236,9238],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9210,9211],{"class":77},"{",[47,9213,159],{"class":151},[47,9215,7601],{"class":155},[47,9217,159],{"class":151},[47,9219,2826],{"class":77},[47,9221,152],{"class":151},[47,9223,4938],{"class":155},[47,9225,159],{"class":151},[47,9227,668],{"class":77},[47,9229,152],{"class":151},[47,9231,82],{"class":155},[47,9233,159],{"class":151},[47,9235,2826],{"class":77},[47,9237,900],{"class":61},[47,9239,9240],{"class":77},"}\n",[47,9242,9243,9245,9247,9249,9251,9253,9255,9257,9259,9261,9263,9265,9267],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,9244,9211],{"class":77},[47,9246,159],{"class":151},[47,9248,360],{"class":155},[47,9250,159],{"class":151},[47,9252,2826],{"class":77},[47,9254,5431],{"class":61},[47,9256,668],{"class":77},[47,9258,152],{"class":151},[47,9260,4696],{"class":155},[47,9262,159],{"class":151},[47,9264,2826],{"class":77},[47,9266,671],{"class":61},[47,9268,9240],{"class":77},[20,9270,165,9271,9273],{},[15,9272,9052],{}," to create a dictionary from keyword arguments or from key-value pairs.",[33,9275,172,9277,175],{"id":9276},"what-dict-does",[15,9278,9052],{},[20,9280,9281,9283],{},[15,9282,9052],{}," creates a new dictionary object.",[20,9285,9286],{},"A dictionary:",[185,9288,9289,9292,9295],{},[188,9290,9291],{},"stores data in key-value pairs",[188,9293,9294],{},"lets you look up values by key",[188,9296,9297],{},"is one of the most common Python data types",[20,9299,9300,9302],{},[15,9301,9052],{}," is a built-in Python function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[20,9304,9305],{},"Common uses include:",[185,9307,9308,9311,9314],{},[188,9309,9310],{},"making an empty dictionary",[188,9312,9313],{},"converting pairs into a dictionary",[188,9315,9316],{},"building a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,9318,9319,9320,914],{},"If you want a broader introduction to dictionary creation, see ",[360,9321,9323],{"href":9322},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary\u002F","creating a dictionary in Python",[33,9325,245],{"id":244},[20,9327,9328,9330],{},[15,9329,9052],{}," can be used in a few different ways.",[373,9332,9334],{"id":9333},"create-an-empty-dictionary","Create an empty dictionary",[38,9336,9338],{"className":40,"code":9337,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = dict()\nprint(data)\n",[15,9339,9340,9350],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,9341,9342,9344,9346,9348],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9343,9098],{"class":53},[47,9345,58],{"class":57},[47,9347,9103],{"class":73},[47,9349,8574],{"class":77},[47,9351,9352,9354,9356,9358],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,9353,99],{"class":98},[47,9355,78],{"class":77},[47,9357,9137],{"class":81},[47,9359,85],{"class":77},[20,9361,9362],{},[127,9363,129],{},[38,9365,9367],{"className":40,"code":9366,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{}\n",[15,9368,9369],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,9370,9371],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9372,9366],{"class":77},[373,9374,9376],{"id":9375},"create-a-dictionary-from-pairs","Create a dictionary from pairs",[38,9378,9380],{"className":40,"code":9379,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9381,9382,9416,9430],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,9383,9384,9386,9388,9390,9392,9394,9396,9398,9400,9402,9404,9406,9408,9410,9412,9414],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9385,9148],{"class":53},[47,9387,58],{"class":57},[47,9389,9153],{"class":77},[47,9391,159],{"class":151},[47,9393,360],{"class":155},[47,9395,159],{"class":151},[47,9397,668],{"class":77},[47,9399,5431],{"class":61},[47,9401,9166],{"class":77},[47,9403,9169],{"class":77},[47,9405,159],{"class":151},[47,9407,4696],{"class":155},[47,9409,159],{"class":151},[47,9411,668],{"class":77},[47,9413,671],{"class":61},[47,9415,9182],{"class":77},[47,9417,9418,9420,9422,9424,9426,9428],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,9419,9098],{"class":53},[47,9421,58],{"class":57},[47,9423,9103],{"class":73},[47,9425,78],{"class":77},[47,9427,9195],{"class":81},[47,9429,85],{"class":77},[47,9431,9432,9434,9436,9438],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,9433,99],{"class":98},[47,9435,78],{"class":77},[47,9437,9137],{"class":81},[47,9439,85],{"class":77},[20,9441,9442],{},[127,9443,129],{},[38,9445,9447],{"className":40,"code":9446,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,9448,9449],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,9450,9451,9453,9455,9457,9459,9461,9463,9465,9467,9469,9471,9473,9475],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9452,9211],{"class":77},[47,9454,159],{"class":151},[47,9456,360],{"class":155},[47,9458,159],{"class":151},[47,9460,2826],{"class":77},[47,9462,5431],{"class":61},[47,9464,668],{"class":77},[47,9466,152],{"class":151},[47,9468,4696],{"class":155},[47,9470,159],{"class":151},[47,9472,2826],{"class":77},[47,9474,671],{"class":61},[47,9476,9240],{"class":77},[373,9478,9480],{"id":9479},"create-a-dictionary-from-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary from keyword arguments",[38,9482,9484],{"className":40,"code":9483,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9485,9486,9516],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,9487,9488,9490,9492,9494,9496,9498,9500,9502,9504,9506,9508,9510,9512,9514],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9489,9098],{"class":53},[47,9491,58],{"class":57},[47,9493,9103],{"class":73},[47,9495,78],{"class":77},[47,9497,7601],{"class":9108},[47,9499,58],{"class":57},[47,9501,159],{"class":151},[47,9503,4938],{"class":155},[47,9505,159],{"class":151},[47,9507,668],{"class":77},[47,9509,9121],{"class":9108},[47,9511,58],{"class":57},[47,9513,9126],{"class":61},[47,9515,85],{"class":77},[47,9517,9518,9520,9522,9524],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,9519,99],{"class":98},[47,9521,78],{"class":77},[47,9523,9137],{"class":81},[47,9525,85],{"class":77},[20,9527,9528],{},[127,9529,129],{},[38,9531,9533],{"className":40,"code":9532,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n",[15,9534,9535],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,9536,9537,9539,9541,9543,9545,9547,9549,9551,9553,9555,9557,9559,9561,9563,9565],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9538,9211],{"class":77},[47,9540,159],{"class":151},[47,9542,7601],{"class":155},[47,9544,159],{"class":151},[47,9546,2826],{"class":77},[47,9548,152],{"class":151},[47,9550,4938],{"class":155},[47,9552,159],{"class":151},[47,9554,668],{"class":77},[47,9556,152],{"class":151},[47,9558,82],{"class":155},[47,9560,159],{"class":151},[47,9562,2826],{"class":77},[47,9564,900],{"class":61},[47,9566,9240],{"class":77},[373,9568,9570],{"id":9569},"combine-pairs-or-a-mapping-with-keyword-arguments","Combine pairs or a mapping with keyword arguments",[20,9572,9573],{},"You can also start with existing data and add more values:",[38,9575,9577],{"className":40,"code":9576,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = dict([('a', 1)], b=2, c=3)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9578,9579,9620],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,9580,9581,9583,9585,9587,9590,9592,9594,9596,9598,9600,9603,9605,9607,9609,9611,9614,9616,9618],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9582,9098],{"class":53},[47,9584,58],{"class":57},[47,9586,9103],{"class":73},[47,9588,9589],{"class":77},"([(",[47,9591,159],{"class":151},[47,9593,360],{"class":155},[47,9595,159],{"class":151},[47,9597,668],{"class":77},[47,9599,5431],{"class":61},[47,9601,9602],{"class":77},")],",[47,9604,2506],{"class":9108},[47,9606,58],{"class":57},[47,9608,2016],{"class":61},[47,9610,668],{"class":77},[47,9612,9613],{"class":9108}," c",[47,9615,58],{"class":57},[47,9617,2021],{"class":61},[47,9619,85],{"class":77},[47,9621,9622,9624,9626,9628],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,9623,99],{"class":98},[47,9625,78],{"class":77},[47,9627,9137],{"class":81},[47,9629,85],{"class":77},[20,9631,9632],{},[127,9633,129],{},[38,9635,9637],{"className":40,"code":9636,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}\n",[15,9638,9639],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,9640,9641,9643,9645,9647,9649,9651,9653,9655,9657,9659,9661,9663,9665,9667,9669,9672,9674,9676,9678],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9642,9211],{"class":77},[47,9644,159],{"class":151},[47,9646,360],{"class":155},[47,9648,159],{"class":151},[47,9650,2826],{"class":77},[47,9652,5431],{"class":61},[47,9654,668],{"class":77},[47,9656,152],{"class":151},[47,9658,4696],{"class":155},[47,9660,159],{"class":151},[47,9662,2826],{"class":77},[47,9664,671],{"class":61},[47,9666,668],{"class":77},[47,9668,152],{"class":151},[47,9670,9671],{"class":155},"c",[47,9673,159],{"class":151},[47,9675,2826],{"class":77},[47,9677,676],{"class":61},[47,9679,9240],{"class":77},[33,9681,9334],{"id":9682},"create-an-empty-dictionary-1",[20,9684,165,9685,9687],{},[15,9686,9052],{}," when you want a clear function-style way to create an empty dictionary.",[38,9689,9691],{"className":40,"code":9690,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = dict()\nprint(type(data))\nprint(data)\n",[15,9692,9693,9703,9717],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,9694,9695,9697,9699,9701],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9696,9098],{"class":53},[47,9698,58],{"class":57},[47,9700,9103],{"class":73},[47,9702,8574],{"class":77},[47,9704,9705,9707,9709,9711,9713,9715],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,9706,99],{"class":98},[47,9708,78],{"class":77},[47,9710,116],{"class":73},[47,9712,78],{"class":77},[47,9714,9137],{"class":81},[47,9716,123],{"class":77},[47,9718,9719,9721,9723,9725],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,9720,99],{"class":98},[47,9722,78],{"class":77},[47,9724,9137],{"class":81},[47,9726,85],{"class":77},[20,9728,9729],{},[127,9730,129],{},[38,9732,9734],{"className":40,"code":9733,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n{}\n",[15,9735,9736,9750],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,9737,9738,9740,9742,9744,9746,9748],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9739,144],{"class":57},[47,9741,148],{"class":147},[47,9743,152],{"class":151},[47,9745,8753],{"class":155},[47,9747,159],{"class":151},[47,9749,162],{"class":57},[47,9751,9752],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,9753,9366],{"class":77},[20,9755,9756],{},"This gives the same result as:",[38,9758,9760],{"className":40,"code":9759,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {}\n",[15,9761,9762],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,9763,9764,9766,9768],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9765,9098],{"class":53},[47,9767,58],{"class":57},[47,9769,9770],{"class":77}," {}\n",[20,9772,9773,9774,9776,9777,9780,9781,9783],{},"For empty dictionaries, ",[15,9775,3727],{}," is more common because it is shorter.",[9778,9779],"br",{},"\nStill, ",[15,9782,9052],{}," is useful to know because it can do more than just create an empty dictionary.",[33,9785,9787],{"id":9786},"create-a-dictionary-from-key-value-pairs","Create a dictionary from key-value pairs",[20,9789,9790,9791,914],{},"You can pass an iterable of 2-item pairs to ",[15,9792,9052],{},[38,9794,9796],{"className":40,"code":9795,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"pairs = [('name', 'Alice'), ('age', 25)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9797,9798,9836,9850],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,9799,9800,9802,9804,9806,9808,9810,9812,9814,9816,9818,9820,9822,9824,9826,9828,9830,9832,9834],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9801,9148],{"class":53},[47,9803,58],{"class":57},[47,9805,9153],{"class":77},[47,9807,159],{"class":151},[47,9809,7601],{"class":155},[47,9811,159],{"class":151},[47,9813,668],{"class":77},[47,9815,152],{"class":151},[47,9817,4938],{"class":155},[47,9819,159],{"class":151},[47,9821,9166],{"class":77},[47,9823,9169],{"class":77},[47,9825,159],{"class":151},[47,9827,82],{"class":155},[47,9829,159],{"class":151},[47,9831,668],{"class":77},[47,9833,900],{"class":61},[47,9835,9182],{"class":77},[47,9837,9838,9840,9842,9844,9846,9848],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,9839,9098],{"class":53},[47,9841,58],{"class":57},[47,9843,9103],{"class":73},[47,9845,78],{"class":77},[47,9847,9195],{"class":81},[47,9849,85],{"class":77},[47,9851,9852,9854,9856,9858],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,9853,99],{"class":98},[47,9855,78],{"class":77},[47,9857,9137],{"class":81},[47,9859,85],{"class":77},[20,9861,9862],{},[127,9863,129],{},[38,9865,9866],{"className":40,"code":9532,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,9867,9868],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,9869,9870,9872,9874,9876,9878,9880,9882,9884,9886,9888,9890,9892,9894,9896,9898],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9871,9211],{"class":77},[47,9873,159],{"class":151},[47,9875,7601],{"class":155},[47,9877,159],{"class":151},[47,9879,2826],{"class":77},[47,9881,152],{"class":151},[47,9883,4938],{"class":155},[47,9885,159],{"class":151},[47,9887,668],{"class":77},[47,9889,152],{"class":151},[47,9891,82],{"class":155},[47,9893,159],{"class":151},[47,9895,2826],{"class":77},[47,9897,900],{"class":61},[47,9899,9240],{"class":77},[20,9901,9902],{},"Each pair becomes:",[185,9904,9905,9908],{},[188,9906,9907],{},"the first item as the key",[188,9909,9910],{},"the second item as the value",[20,9912,9913],{},"For example, this also works with tuples:",[38,9915,9917],{"className":40,"code":9916,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"pairs = (('a', 1), ('b', 2))\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9918,9919,9954,9968],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,9920,9921,9923,9925,9928,9930,9932,9934,9936,9938,9940,9942,9944,9946,9948,9950,9952],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9922,9148],{"class":53},[47,9924,58],{"class":57},[47,9926,9927],{"class":77}," ((",[47,9929,159],{"class":151},[47,9931,360],{"class":155},[47,9933,159],{"class":151},[47,9935,668],{"class":77},[47,9937,5431],{"class":61},[47,9939,9166],{"class":77},[47,9941,9169],{"class":77},[47,9943,159],{"class":151},[47,9945,4696],{"class":155},[47,9947,159],{"class":151},[47,9949,668],{"class":77},[47,9951,671],{"class":61},[47,9953,123],{"class":77},[47,9955,9956,9958,9960,9962,9964,9966],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,9957,9098],{"class":53},[47,9959,58],{"class":57},[47,9961,9103],{"class":73},[47,9963,78],{"class":77},[47,9965,9195],{"class":81},[47,9967,85],{"class":77},[47,9969,9970,9972,9974,9976],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,9971,99],{"class":98},[47,9973,78],{"class":77},[47,9975,9137],{"class":81},[47,9977,85],{"class":77},[20,9979,9980],{},[127,9981,129],{},[38,9983,9984],{"className":40,"code":9446,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,9985,9986],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,9987,9988,9990,9992,9994,9996,9998,10000,10002,10004,10006,10008,10010,10012],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9989,9211],{"class":77},[47,9991,159],{"class":151},[47,9993,360],{"class":155},[47,9995,159],{"class":151},[47,9997,2826],{"class":77},[47,9999,5431],{"class":61},[47,10001,668],{"class":77},[47,10003,152],{"class":151},[47,10005,4696],{"class":155},[47,10007,159],{"class":151},[47,10009,2826],{"class":77},[47,10011,671],{"class":61},[47,10013,9240],{"class":77},[20,10015,10016,10017,914],{},"Each item must contain ",[127,10018,10019],{},"exactly two elements",[20,10021,2782],{},[38,10023,10025],{"className":40,"code":10024,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"bad_data = [('a', 1, 100), ('b', 2)]\nresult = dict(bad_data)\n",[15,10026,10027,10067],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,10028,10029,10032,10034,10036,10038,10040,10042,10044,10046,10048,10051,10053,10055,10057,10059,10061,10063,10065],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10030,10031],{"class":53},"bad_data ",[47,10033,58],{"class":57},[47,10035,9153],{"class":77},[47,10037,159],{"class":151},[47,10039,360],{"class":155},[47,10041,159],{"class":151},[47,10043,668],{"class":77},[47,10045,5431],{"class":61},[47,10047,668],{"class":77},[47,10049,10050],{"class":61}," 100",[47,10052,9166],{"class":77},[47,10054,9169],{"class":77},[47,10056,159],{"class":151},[47,10058,4696],{"class":155},[47,10060,159],{"class":151},[47,10062,668],{"class":77},[47,10064,671],{"class":61},[47,10066,9182],{"class":77},[47,10068,10069,10071,10073,10075,10077,10080],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,10070,2184],{"class":53},[47,10072,58],{"class":57},[47,10074,9103],{"class":73},[47,10076,78],{"class":77},[47,10078,10079],{"class":81},"bad_data",[47,10081,85],{"class":77},[20,10083,10084,10085,10088],{},"Python raises an error because ",[15,10086,10087],{},"('a', 1, 100)"," has three values, not two.",[20,10090,10091],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the later value replaces the earlier one:",[38,10093,10095],{"className":40,"code":10094,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('a', 99), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10096,10097,10146,10160],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,10098,10099,10101,10103,10105,10107,10109,10111,10113,10115,10117,10119,10121,10123,10125,10127,10130,10132,10134,10136,10138,10140,10142,10144],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10100,9148],{"class":53},[47,10102,58],{"class":57},[47,10104,9153],{"class":77},[47,10106,159],{"class":151},[47,10108,360],{"class":155},[47,10110,159],{"class":151},[47,10112,668],{"class":77},[47,10114,5431],{"class":61},[47,10116,9166],{"class":77},[47,10118,9169],{"class":77},[47,10120,159],{"class":151},[47,10122,360],{"class":155},[47,10124,159],{"class":151},[47,10126,668],{"class":77},[47,10128,10129],{"class":61}," 99",[47,10131,9166],{"class":77},[47,10133,9169],{"class":77},[47,10135,159],{"class":151},[47,10137,4696],{"class":155},[47,10139,159],{"class":151},[47,10141,668],{"class":77},[47,10143,671],{"class":61},[47,10145,9182],{"class":77},[47,10147,10148,10150,10152,10154,10156,10158],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,10149,9098],{"class":53},[47,10151,58],{"class":57},[47,10153,9103],{"class":73},[47,10155,78],{"class":77},[47,10157,9195],{"class":81},[47,10159,85],{"class":77},[47,10161,10162,10164,10166,10168],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,10163,99],{"class":98},[47,10165,78],{"class":77},[47,10167,9137],{"class":81},[47,10169,85],{"class":77},[20,10171,10172],{},[127,10173,129],{},[38,10175,10177],{"className":40,"code":10176,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'a': 99, 'b': 2}\n",[15,10178,10179],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,10180,10181,10183,10185,10187,10189,10191,10193,10195,10197,10199,10201,10203,10205],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10182,9211],{"class":77},[47,10184,159],{"class":151},[47,10186,360],{"class":155},[47,10188,159],{"class":151},[47,10190,2826],{"class":77},[47,10192,10129],{"class":61},[47,10194,668],{"class":77},[47,10196,152],{"class":151},[47,10198,4696],{"class":155},[47,10200,159],{"class":151},[47,10202,2826],{"class":77},[47,10204,671],{"class":61},[47,10206,9240],{"class":77},[33,10208,10210],{"id":10209},"create-a-dictionary-with-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary with keyword arguments",[20,10212,10213],{},"You can also build a dictionary using keyword arguments:",[38,10215,10216],{"className":40,"code":9483,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,10217,10218,10248],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,10219,10220,10222,10224,10226,10228,10230,10232,10234,10236,10238,10240,10242,10244,10246],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10221,9098],{"class":53},[47,10223,58],{"class":57},[47,10225,9103],{"class":73},[47,10227,78],{"class":77},[47,10229,7601],{"class":9108},[47,10231,58],{"class":57},[47,10233,159],{"class":151},[47,10235,4938],{"class":155},[47,10237,159],{"class":151},[47,10239,668],{"class":77},[47,10241,9121],{"class":9108},[47,10243,58],{"class":57},[47,10245,9126],{"class":61},[47,10247,85],{"class":77},[47,10249,10250,10252,10254,10256],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,10251,99],{"class":98},[47,10253,78],{"class":77},[47,10255,9137],{"class":81},[47,10257,85],{"class":77},[20,10259,10260],{},[127,10261,129],{},[38,10263,10264],{"className":40,"code":9532,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,10265,10266],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,10267,10268,10270,10272,10274,10276,10278,10280,10282,10284,10286,10288,10290,10292,10294,10296],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10269,9211],{"class":77},[47,10271,159],{"class":151},[47,10273,7601],{"class":155},[47,10275,159],{"class":151},[47,10277,2826],{"class":77},[47,10279,152],{"class":151},[47,10281,4938],{"class":155},[47,10283,159],{"class":151},[47,10285,668],{"class":77},[47,10287,152],{"class":151},[47,10289,82],{"class":155},[47,10291,159],{"class":151},[47,10293,2826],{"class":77},[47,10295,900],{"class":61},[47,10297,9240],{"class":77},[20,10299,10300],{},"In this form:",[185,10302,10303,10311],{},[188,10304,10305,10307,10308],{},[15,10306,7601],{}," becomes the string key ",[15,10309,10310],{},"'name'",[188,10312,10313,10307,10315],{},[15,10314,82],{},[15,10316,10317],{},"'age'",[20,10319,10320],{},"This only works when the key names are valid Python identifiers.",[20,10322,10323],{},"Valid examples:",[38,10325,10327],{"className":40,"code":10326,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = dict(city='Paris', country='France')\nprint(data)\n",[15,10328,10329,10367],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,10330,10331,10333,10335,10337,10339,10342,10344,10346,10349,10351,10353,10356,10358,10360,10363,10365],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10332,9098],{"class":53},[47,10334,58],{"class":57},[47,10336,9103],{"class":73},[47,10338,78],{"class":77},[47,10340,10341],{"class":9108},"city",[47,10343,58],{"class":57},[47,10345,159],{"class":151},[47,10347,10348],{"class":155},"Paris",[47,10350,159],{"class":151},[47,10352,668],{"class":77},[47,10354,10355],{"class":9108}," country",[47,10357,58],{"class":57},[47,10359,159],{"class":151},[47,10361,10362],{"class":155},"France",[47,10364,159],{"class":151},[47,10366,85],{"class":77},[47,10368,10369,10371,10373,10375],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,10370,99],{"class":98},[47,10372,78],{"class":77},[47,10374,9137],{"class":81},[47,10376,85],{"class":77},[20,10378,10379],{},"Invalid key names include ones with:",[185,10381,10382,10385,10388],{},[188,10383,10384],{},"spaces",[188,10386,10387],{},"hyphens",[188,10389,10390],{},"names that start with numbers",[20,10392,10393,10394,10397],{},"For example, this is ",[127,10395,10396],{},"not valid"," syntax:",[38,10399,10401],{"className":40,"code":10400,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# dict(first-name='Sam')\n",[15,10402,10403],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,10404,10405],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10406,10400],{"class":1378},[20,10408,10409],{},"If you need keys like that, use normal dictionary syntax instead:",[38,10411,10413],{"className":40,"code":10412,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,10414,10415,10458],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,10416,10417,10419,10421,10424,10426,10429,10431,10433,10435,10437,10439,10441,10443,10446,10448,10450,10452,10454,10456],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10418,9098],{"class":53},[47,10420,58],{"class":57},[47,10422,10423],{"class":77}," {",[47,10425,159],{"class":151},[47,10427,10428],{"class":155},"first-name",[47,10430,159],{"class":151},[47,10432,2826],{"class":77},[47,10434,152],{"class":151},[47,10436,7610],{"class":155},[47,10438,159],{"class":151},[47,10440,668],{"class":77},[47,10442,152],{"class":151},[47,10444,10445],{"class":155},"first name",[47,10447,159],{"class":151},[47,10449,2826],{"class":77},[47,10451,152],{"class":151},[47,10453,7610],{"class":155},[47,10455,159],{"class":151},[47,10457,9240],{"class":77},[47,10459,10460,10462,10464,10466],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,10461,99],{"class":98},[47,10463,78],{"class":77},[47,10465,9137],{"class":81},[47,10467,85],{"class":77},[20,10469,10470],{},[127,10471,129],{},[38,10473,10475],{"className":40,"code":10474,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\n",[15,10476,10477],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,10478,10479,10481,10483,10485,10487,10489,10491,10493,10495,10497,10499,10501,10503,10505,10507,10509,10511],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10480,9211],{"class":77},[47,10482,159],{"class":151},[47,10484,10428],{"class":155},[47,10486,159],{"class":151},[47,10488,2826],{"class":77},[47,10490,152],{"class":151},[47,10492,7610],{"class":155},[47,10494,159],{"class":151},[47,10496,668],{"class":77},[47,10498,152],{"class":151},[47,10500,10445],{"class":155},[47,10502,159],{"class":151},[47,10504,2826],{"class":77},[47,10506,152],{"class":151},[47,10508,7610],{"class":155},[47,10510,159],{"class":151},[47,10512,9240],{"class":77},[33,10514,10516,920,10518],{"id":10515},"dict-vs",[15,10517,9052],{},[15,10519,3727],{},[20,10521,10522,10523,4329,10525,10527],{},"Both ",[15,10524,9052],{},[15,10526,3727],{}," create dictionaries, but they are used in slightly different situations.",[373,10529,165,10531,10533],{"id":10530},"use-when",[15,10532,3727],{}," when:",[185,10535,10536,10539],{},[188,10537,10538],{},"you want an empty dictionary",[188,10540,10541],{},"you want the shortest and most common syntax",[38,10543,10544],{"className":40,"code":9759,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,10545,10546],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,10547,10548,10550,10552],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10549,9098],{"class":53},[47,10551,58],{"class":57},[47,10553,9770],{"class":77},[373,10555,165,10557,10533],{"id":10556},"use-dict-when",[15,10558,9052],{},[185,10560,10561,10564,10567],{},[188,10562,10563],{},"you want to convert existing key-value pairs into a dictionary",[188,10565,10566],{},"you want to use keyword arguments",[188,10568,10569],{},"the function form makes the code easier to read",[38,10571,10573],{"className":40,"code":10572,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = dict([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\ninfo = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\n",[15,10574,10575,10612],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,10576,10577,10579,10581,10583,10585,10587,10589,10591,10593,10595,10597,10599,10601,10603,10605,10607,10609],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10578,9098],{"class":53},[47,10580,58],{"class":57},[47,10582,9103],{"class":73},[47,10584,9589],{"class":77},[47,10586,159],{"class":151},[47,10588,360],{"class":155},[47,10590,159],{"class":151},[47,10592,668],{"class":77},[47,10594,5431],{"class":61},[47,10596,9166],{"class":77},[47,10598,9169],{"class":77},[47,10600,159],{"class":151},[47,10602,4696],{"class":155},[47,10604,159],{"class":151},[47,10606,668],{"class":77},[47,10608,671],{"class":61},[47,10610,10611],{"class":77},")])\n",[47,10613,10614,10617,10619,10621,10623,10625,10627,10629,10631,10633,10635,10637,10639,10641],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,10615,10616],{"class":53},"info ",[47,10618,58],{"class":57},[47,10620,9103],{"class":73},[47,10622,78],{"class":77},[47,10624,7601],{"class":9108},[47,10626,58],{"class":57},[47,10628,159],{"class":151},[47,10630,4938],{"class":155},[47,10632,159],{"class":151},[47,10634,668],{"class":77},[47,10636,9121],{"class":9108},[47,10638,58],{"class":57},[47,10640,9126],{"class":61},[47,10642,85],{"class":77},[20,10644,10645],{},"So:",[185,10647,10648,10653],{},[188,10649,10650,10652],{},[15,10651,3727],{}," is shorter for an empty dictionary",[188,10654,10655,10657],{},[15,10656,9052],{}," is more flexible when building a dictionary from other data",[20,10659,10660,10661,10665,10666,914],{},"After creating a dictionary, you may want to ",[360,10662,10664],{"href":10663},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","add a key to a dictionary in Python"," or safely read values with the ",[360,10667,10669,10670,10673],{"href":10668},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method\u002F","Python dictionary ",[15,10671,10672],{},"get()"," method",[33,10675,10677],{"id":10676},"common-errors-and-limits","Common errors and limits",[20,10679,10680,10681,914],{},"Here are the most common problems beginners run into with ",[15,10682,9052],{},[373,10684,10686],{"id":10685},"passing-items-that-are-not-2-value-pairs","Passing items that are not 2-value pairs",[20,10688,4460],{},[38,10690,10692],{"className":40,"code":10691,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = ['a', 'b']\ndata = dict(items)\n",[15,10693,10694,10718],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,10695,10696,10698,10700,10702,10704,10706,10708,10710,10712,10714,10716],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10697,657],{"class":53},[47,10699,58],{"class":57},[47,10701,662],{"class":77},[47,10703,159],{"class":151},[47,10705,360],{"class":155},[47,10707,159],{"class":151},[47,10709,668],{"class":77},[47,10711,152],{"class":151},[47,10713,4696],{"class":155},[47,10715,159],{"class":151},[47,10717,679],{"class":77},[47,10719,10720,10722,10724,10726,10728,10730],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,10721,9098],{"class":53},[47,10723,58],{"class":57},[47,10725,9103],{"class":73},[47,10727,78],{"class":77},[47,10729,692],{"class":81},[47,10731,85],{"class":77},[20,10733,10734,10735,914],{},"This fails because each item must be a pair like ",[15,10736,10737],{},"('a', 1)",[20,10739,10740],{},"Correct version:",[38,10742,10744],{"className":40,"code":10743,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(items)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10745,10746,10780,10794],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,10747,10748,10750,10752,10754,10756,10758,10760,10762,10764,10766,10768,10770,10772,10774,10776,10778],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10749,657],{"class":53},[47,10751,58],{"class":57},[47,10753,9153],{"class":77},[47,10755,159],{"class":151},[47,10757,360],{"class":155},[47,10759,159],{"class":151},[47,10761,668],{"class":77},[47,10763,5431],{"class":61},[47,10765,9166],{"class":77},[47,10767,9169],{"class":77},[47,10769,159],{"class":151},[47,10771,4696],{"class":155},[47,10773,159],{"class":151},[47,10775,668],{"class":77},[47,10777,671],{"class":61},[47,10779,9182],{"class":77},[47,10781,10782,10784,10786,10788,10790,10792],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,10783,9098],{"class":53},[47,10785,58],{"class":57},[47,10787,9103],{"class":73},[47,10789,78],{"class":77},[47,10791,692],{"class":81},[47,10793,85],{"class":77},[47,10795,10796,10798,10800,10802],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,10797,99],{"class":98},[47,10799,78],{"class":77},[47,10801,9137],{"class":81},[47,10803,85],{"class":77},[373,10805,10807],{"id":10806},"using-invalid-keyword-syntax","Using invalid keyword syntax",[20,10809,10810],{},"This is not valid Python syntax:",[38,10812,10814],{"className":40,"code":10813,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# dict(name: 'Alice')\n",[15,10815,10816],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,10817,10818],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10819,10813],{"class":1378},[20,10821,10822,10823,2826],{},"Keyword arguments must use ",[15,10824,58],{},[38,10826,10828],{"className":40,"code":10827,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = dict(name='Alice')\nprint(data)\n",[15,10829,10830,10852],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,10831,10832,10834,10836,10838,10840,10842,10844,10846,10848,10850],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10833,9098],{"class":53},[47,10835,58],{"class":57},[47,10837,9103],{"class":73},[47,10839,78],{"class":77},[47,10841,7601],{"class":9108},[47,10843,58],{"class":57},[47,10845,159],{"class":151},[47,10847,4938],{"class":155},[47,10849,159],{"class":151},[47,10851,85],{"class":77},[47,10853,10854,10856,10858,10860],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,10855,99],{"class":98},[47,10857,78],{"class":77},[47,10859,9137],{"class":81},[47,10861,85],{"class":77},[373,10863,10865],{"id":10864},"using-key-names-that-are-not-valid-identifiers","Using key names that are not valid identifiers",[20,10867,10868],{},"This will not work:",[38,10870,10871],{"className":40,"code":10400,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,10872,10873],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,10874,10875],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10876,10400],{"class":1378},[20,10878,10879],{},"Use standard dictionary syntax instead:",[38,10881,10883],{"className":40,"code":10882,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,10884,10885,10909],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,10886,10887,10889,10891,10893,10895,10897,10899,10901,10903,10905,10907],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10888,9098],{"class":53},[47,10890,58],{"class":57},[47,10892,10423],{"class":77},[47,10894,159],{"class":151},[47,10896,10428],{"class":155},[47,10898,159],{"class":151},[47,10900,2826],{"class":77},[47,10902,152],{"class":151},[47,10904,7610],{"class":155},[47,10906,159],{"class":151},[47,10908,9240],{"class":77},[47,10910,10911,10913,10915,10917],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,10912,99],{"class":98},[47,10914,78],{"class":77},[47,10916,9137],{"class":81},[47,10918,85],{"class":77},[373,10920,10922],{"id":10921},"expecting-duplicate-keys-to-be-kept","Expecting duplicate keys to be kept",[20,10924,10925],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins:",[38,10927,10929],{"className":40,"code":10928,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = dict([('x', 1), ('x', 2)])\nprint(data)\n",[15,10930,10931,10967],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,10932,10933,10935,10937,10939,10941,10943,10945,10947,10949,10951,10953,10955,10957,10959,10961,10963,10965],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10934,9098],{"class":53},[47,10936,58],{"class":57},[47,10938,9103],{"class":73},[47,10940,9589],{"class":77},[47,10942,159],{"class":151},[47,10944,2131],{"class":155},[47,10946,159],{"class":151},[47,10948,668],{"class":77},[47,10950,5431],{"class":61},[47,10952,9166],{"class":77},[47,10954,9169],{"class":77},[47,10956,159],{"class":151},[47,10958,2131],{"class":155},[47,10960,159],{"class":151},[47,10962,668],{"class":77},[47,10964,671],{"class":61},[47,10966,10611],{"class":77},[47,10968,10969,10971,10973,10975],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,10970,99],{"class":98},[47,10972,78],{"class":77},[47,10974,9137],{"class":81},[47,10976,85],{"class":77},[20,10978,10979],{},[127,10980,129],{},[38,10982,10984],{"className":40,"code":10983,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'x': 2}\n",[15,10985,10986],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,10987,10988,10990,10992,10994,10996,10998,11000],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10989,9211],{"class":77},[47,10991,159],{"class":151},[47,10993,2131],{"class":155},[47,10995,159],{"class":151},[47,10997,2826],{"class":77},[47,10999,671],{"class":61},[47,11001,9240],{"class":77},[20,11003,11004,11005,914],{},"If you are getting missing-key problems later, you may also run into ",[360,11006,11008],{"href":11007},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F","KeyError in Python",[33,11010,2775],{"id":2774},[20,11012,11013,11014,11016],{},"Common causes of problems with ",[15,11015,9052],{}," include:",[185,11018,11019,11029,11035,11038],{},[188,11020,11021,11022,11025,11026],{},"passing a list like ",[15,11023,11024],{},"['a', 'b']"," instead of ",[15,11027,11028],{},"[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]",[188,11030,11031,11032],{},"using invalid keyword-style keys such as ",[15,11033,11034],{},"dict(first-name='Sam')",[188,11036,11037],{},"expecting duplicate keys to be kept separately",[188,11039,11040,11041,11043],{},"confusing ",[15,11042,9052],{}," with the broader topic of dictionary creation in general",[20,11045,11046],{},"If something is not working, these quick checks can help:",[38,11048,11050],{"className":40,"code":11049,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(list_of_pairs)\nprint(len(list_of_pairs))\n",[15,11051,11052,11066,11076,11087],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,11053,11054,11056,11058,11060,11062,11064],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,11055,99],{"class":98},[47,11057,78],{"class":77},[47,11059,116],{"class":73},[47,11061,78],{"class":77},[47,11063,9137],{"class":81},[47,11065,123],{"class":77},[47,11067,11068,11070,11072,11074],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,11069,99],{"class":98},[47,11071,78],{"class":77},[47,11073,9137],{"class":81},[47,11075,85],{"class":77},[47,11077,11078,11080,11082,11085],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,11079,99],{"class":98},[47,11081,78],{"class":77},[47,11083,11084],{"class":81},"list_of_pairs",[47,11086,85],{"class":77},[47,11088,11089,11091,11093,11096,11098,11100],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,11090,99],{"class":98},[47,11092,78],{"class":77},[47,11094,11095],{"class":98},"len",[47,11097,78],{"class":77},[47,11099,11084],{"class":81},[47,11101,123],{"class":77},[20,11103,11104],{},"These checks help you confirm:",[185,11106,11107,11110,11113],{},[188,11108,11109],{},"whether your result is really a dictionary",[188,11111,11112],{},"what data is being passed in",[188,11114,11115],{},"whether your list of pairs has the expected structure",[33,11117,1762],{"id":1761},[373,11119,5111,11121,4329,11123,1812],{"id":11120},"what-is-the-difference-between-dict-and",[15,11122,9052],{},[15,11124,3727],{},[20,11126,11127,11129,11130,11132],{},[15,11128,3727],{}," is the short literal form. ",[15,11131,9052],{}," is a function that can also convert pairs or use keyword arguments.",[373,11134,1786,11136,11138],{"id":11135},"can-dict-create-a-dictionary-from-a-list",[15,11137,9052],{}," create a dictionary from a list?",[20,11140,11141,11142,914],{},"Yes, if the list contains 2-item pairs such as ",[15,11143,11028],{},[373,11145,5090,11147,11150],{"id":11146},"why-does-dictnamealice-use-string-keys",[15,11148,11149],{},"dict(name='Alice')"," use string keys?",[20,11152,11153],{},"In keyword form, Python turns the keyword names into string keys automatically.",[373,11155,11157,11158,11160],{"id":11156},"can-i-use-spaces-in-keys-with-dict-keyword-arguments","Can I use spaces in keys with ",[15,11159,9052],{}," keyword arguments?",[20,11162,11163,11164,11167],{},"No. For keys with spaces or other invalid identifier characters, use ",[15,11165,11166],{},"{'first name': 'Alice'}"," or pass pairs.",[33,11169,1825],{"id":1824},[185,11171,11172,11177,11181,11186,11192],{},[188,11173,11174],{},[360,11175,11176],{"href":9322},"Creating a dictionary in Python",[188,11178,11179],{},[360,11180,9088],{"href":9087},[188,11182,11183],{},[360,11184,11185],{"href":10663},"How to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[188,11187,11188],{},[360,11189,10669,11190,10673],{"href":10668},[15,11191,10672],{},[188,11193,11194],{},[360,11195,11196],{"href":11007},"KeyError in Python: causes and fixes",[1875,11198,11199],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":65,"depth":65,"links":11201},[11202,11204,11210,11211,11212,11213,11220,11226,11227,11237],{"id":9276,"depth":65,"text":11203},"What dict() does",{"id":244,"depth":65,"text":245,"children":11205},[11206,11207,11208,11209],{"id":9333,"depth":88,"text":9334},{"id":9375,"depth":88,"text":9376},{"id":9479,"depth":88,"text":9480},{"id":9569,"depth":88,"text":9570},{"id":9682,"depth":65,"text":9334},{"id":9786,"depth":65,"text":9787},{"id":10209,"depth":65,"text":10210},{"id":10515,"depth":65,"text":11214,"children":11215},"dict() vs {}",[11216,11218],{"id":10530,"depth":88,"text":11217},"Use {} when:",{"id":10556,"depth":88,"text":11219},"Use dict() when:",{"id":10676,"depth":65,"text":10677,"children":11221},[11222,11223,11224,11225],{"id":10685,"depth":88,"text":10686},{"id":10806,"depth":88,"text":10807},{"id":10864,"depth":88,"text":10865},{"id":10921,"depth":88,"text":10922},{"id":2774,"depth":65,"text":2775},{"id":1761,"depth":65,"text":1762,"children":11228},[11229,11231,11233,11235],{"id":11120,"depth":88,"text":11230},"What is the difference between dict() and {}?",{"id":11135,"depth":88,"text":11232},"Can dict() create a dictionary from a list?",{"id":11146,"depth":88,"text":11234},"Why does dict(name='Alice') use string keys?",{"id":11156,"depth":88,"text":11236},"Can I use spaces in keys with dict() keyword arguments?",{"id":1824,"depth":65,"text":1825},"Master python dict function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained",{"title":9044,"description":11238},"reference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained","pnY0ft_AcouoxXnqOTEjZDN1f3GnmsuukIHgiulbVfc",{"id":11245,"title":11246,"body":11247,"description":12755,"extension":1922,"meta":12756,"navigation":91,"path":12757,"seo":12758,"stem":12759,"__hash__":12760},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method.md","Python Dictionary clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":11248,"toc":12724},[11249,11257,11263,11270,11272,11333,11338,11343,11348,11366,11369,11373,11375,11391,11393,11406,11410,11413,11546,11548,11615,11618,11634,11640,11646,11649,11731,11733,11747,11751,11757,11822,11824,11832,11835,11858,11864,11927,11933,11936,11950,11963,11967,11978,11983,11994,12001,12005,12011,12132,12134,12160,12163,12180,12183,12294,12296,12345,12347,12360,12369,12374,12379,12390,12392,12495,12518,12520,12524,12543,12546,12604,12607,12633,12635,12641,12644,12650,12654,12661,12669,12675,12678,12680,12721],[10,11250,11252,11253,11256],{"id":11251},"python-dictionary-clear-method","Python Dictionary ",[15,11254,11255],{},"clear()"," Method",[20,11258,11259,11262],{},[15,11260,11261],{},"dict.clear()"," removes all items from a dictionary.",[20,11264,11265,11266,11269],{},"Use it when you want to empty a dictionary without replacing the variable with a new dictionary. This method changes the original dictionary ",[127,11267,11268],{},"in place",", which means the same dictionary object is kept, but all key-value pairs are removed.",[33,11271,36],{"id":35},[38,11273,11275],{"className":40,"code":11274,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata.clear()\nprint(data)  # {}\n",[15,11276,11277,11309,11320],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,11278,11279,11281,11283,11285,11287,11289,11291,11293,11295,11297,11299,11301,11303,11305,11307],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,11280,9098],{"class":53},[47,11282,58],{"class":57},[47,11284,10423],{"class":77},[47,11286,309],{"class":151},[47,11288,360],{"class":155},[47,11290,309],{"class":151},[47,11292,2826],{"class":77},[47,11294,5431],{"class":61},[47,11296,668],{"class":77},[47,11298,303],{"class":151},[47,11300,4696],{"class":155},[47,11302,309],{"class":151},[47,11304,2826],{"class":77},[47,11306,671],{"class":61},[47,11308,9240],{"class":77},[47,11310,11311,11313,11315,11318],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,11312,9137],{"class":53},[47,11314,914],{"class":77},[47,11316,11317],{"class":81},"clear",[47,11319,8574],{"class":77},[47,11321,11322,11324,11326,11328,11330],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,11323,99],{"class":98},[47,11325,78],{"class":77},[47,11327,9137],{"class":81},[47,11329,862],{"class":77},[47,11331,11332],{"class":1378},"  # {}\n",[20,11334,11335,11337],{},[15,11336,11255],{}," removes all items from the same dictionary object.",[33,11339,172,11341,175],{"id":11340},"what-clear-does",[15,11342,11255],{},[20,11344,1939,11345,11347],{},[15,11346,11255],{}," method:",[185,11349,11350,11353,11356,11361],{},[188,11351,11352],{},"Removes all key-value pairs from a dictionary",[188,11354,11355],{},"Changes the original dictionary in place",[188,11357,11358,11359],{},"Returns ",[15,11360,3713],{},[188,11362,11363,11364],{},"Leaves you with an empty dictionary: ",[15,11365,3727],{},[20,11367,11368],{},"This is one of the standard ways to remove dictionary contents without deleting the variable itself.",[20,11370,9084,11371,914],{},[360,11372,9088],{"href":9087},[33,11374,245],{"id":244},[38,11376,11378],{"className":40,"code":11377,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_dict.clear()\n",[15,11379,11380],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,11381,11382,11385,11387,11389],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,11383,11384],{"class":53},"my_dict",[47,11386,914],{"class":77},[47,11388,11317],{"class":81},[47,11390,8574],{"class":77},[20,11392,1515],{},[185,11394,11395,11400,11403],{},[188,11396,11397,11399],{},[15,11398,11255],{}," takes no arguments",[188,11401,11402],{},"You call it on a dictionary object",[188,11404,11405],{},"It empties that dictionary",[33,11407,11409],{"id":11408},"simple-example","Simple example",[20,11411,11412],{},"Here is a basic example:",[38,11414,11416],{"className":40,"code":11415,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"user = {\n    \"name\": \"Maya\",\n    \"age\": 25,\n    \"city\": \"Berlin\"\n}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", user)\n\nuser.clear()\n\nprint(\"After:\", user)\n",[15,11417,11418,11428,11448,11462,11479,11483,11487,11507,11511,11522,11526],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,11419,11420,11423,11425],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,11421,11422],{"class":53},"user ",[47,11424,58],{"class":57},[47,11426,11427],{"class":77}," {\n",[47,11429,11430,11433,11435,11437,11439,11441,11443,11445],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,11431,11432],{"class":151},"    \"",[47,11434,7601],{"class":155},[47,11436,309],{"class":151},[47,11438,2826],{"class":77},[47,11440,303],{"class":151},[47,11442,817],{"class":155},[47,11444,309],{"class":151},[47,11446,11447],{"class":77},",\n",[47,11449,11450,11452,11454,11456,11458,11460],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,11451,11432],{"class":151},[47,11453,82],{"class":155},[47,11455,309],{"class":151},[47,11457,2826],{"class":77},[47,11459,900],{"class":61},[47,11461,11447],{"class":77},[47,11463,11464,11466,11468,11470,11472,11474,11477],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,11465,11432],{"class":151},[47,11467,10341],{"class":155},[47,11469,309],{"class":151},[47,11471,2826],{"class":77},[47,11473,303],{"class":151},[47,11475,11476],{"class":155},"Berlin",[47,11478,820],{"class":151},[47,11480,11481],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,11482,9240],{"class":77},[47,11484,11485],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,11486,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,11488,11489,11491,11493,11495,11498,11500,11502,11505],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,11490,99],{"class":98},[47,11492,78],{"class":77},[47,11494,309],{"class":151},[47,11496,11497],{"class":155},"Before:",[47,11499,309],{"class":151},[47,11501,668],{"class":77},[47,11503,11504],{"class":81}," user",[47,11506,85],{"class":77},[47,11508,11509],{"class":49,"line":1734},[47,11510,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,11512,11513,11516,11518,11520],{"class":49,"line":6365},[47,11514,11515],{"class":53},"user",[47,11517,914],{"class":77},[47,11519,11317],{"class":81},[47,11521,8574],{"class":77},[47,11523,11524],{"class":49,"line":6370},[47,11525,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,11527,11529,11531,11533,11535,11538,11540,11542,11544],{"class":49,"line":11528},11,[47,11530,99],{"class":98},[47,11532,78],{"class":77},[47,11534,309],{"class":151},[47,11536,11537],{"class":155},"After:",[47,11539,309],{"class":151},[47,11541,668],{"class":77},[47,11543,11504],{"class":81},[47,11545,85],{"class":77},[20,11547,5493],{},[38,11549,11551],{"className":40,"code":11550,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Before: {'name': 'Maya', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Berlin'}\nAfter: {}\n",[15,11552,11553,11606],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,11554,11555,11558,11560,11562,11564,11566,11568,11570,11572,11574,11576,11578,11580,11582,11584,11586,11588,11590,11592,11594,11596,11598,11600,11602,11604],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,11556,11557],{"class":53},"Before",[47,11559,2826],{"class":77},[47,11561,10423],{"class":77},[47,11563,159],{"class":151},[47,11565,7601],{"class":155},[47,11567,159],{"class":151},[47,11569,2826],{"class":77},[47,11571,152],{"class":151},[47,11573,817],{"class":155},[47,11575,159],{"class":151},[47,11577,668],{"class":77},[47,11579,152],{"class":151},[47,11581,82],{"class":155},[47,11583,159],{"class":151},[47,11585,2826],{"class":77},[47,11587,900],{"class":61},[47,11589,668],{"class":77},[47,11591,152],{"class":151},[47,11593,10341],{"class":155},[47,11595,159],{"class":151},[47,11597,2826],{"class":77},[47,11599,152],{"class":151},[47,11601,11476],{"class":155},[47,11603,159],{"class":151},[47,11605,9240],{"class":77},[47,11607,11608,11611,11613],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,11609,11610],{"class":53},"After",[47,11612,2826],{"class":77},[47,11614,9770],{"class":77},[20,11616,11617],{},"What happens here:",[185,11619,11620,11625,11631],{},[188,11621,11622,11624],{},[15,11623,11515],{}," starts with three items",[188,11626,11627,11630],{},[15,11628,11629],{},"user.clear()"," removes them all",[188,11632,11633],{},"The dictionary still exists, but it is now empty",[33,11635,172,11637,11639],{"id":11636},"what-clear-returns",[15,11638,11255],{}," returns",[20,11641,11642,2346,11644,914],{},[15,11643,11255],{},[15,11645,3713],{},[20,11647,11648],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake:",[38,11650,11652],{"className":40,"code":11651,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nresult = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,11653,11654,11688,11692,11707,11711,11721],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,11655,11656,11659,11661,11663,11665,11667,11669,11671,11673,11675,11677,11680,11682,11684,11686],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,11657,11658],{"class":53},"my_dict ",[47,11660,58],{"class":57},[47,11662,10423],{"class":77},[47,11664,309],{"class":151},[47,11666,2131],{"class":155},[47,11668,309],{"class":151},[47,11670,2826],{"class":77},[47,11672,5431],{"class":61},[47,11674,668],{"class":77},[47,11676,303],{"class":151},[47,11678,11679],{"class":155},"y",[47,11681,309],{"class":151},[47,11683,2826],{"class":77},[47,11685,671],{"class":61},[47,11687,9240],{"class":77},[47,11689,11690],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,11691,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,11693,11694,11696,11698,11701,11703,11705],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,11695,2184],{"class":53},[47,11697,58],{"class":57},[47,11699,11700],{"class":53}," my_dict",[47,11702,914],{"class":77},[47,11704,11317],{"class":81},[47,11706,8574],{"class":77},[47,11708,11709],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,11710,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,11712,11713,11715,11717,11719],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,11714,99],{"class":98},[47,11716,78],{"class":77},[47,11718,2218],{"class":81},[47,11720,85],{"class":77},[47,11722,11723,11725,11727,11729],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,11724,99],{"class":98},[47,11726,78],{"class":77},[47,11728,11384],{"class":81},[47,11730,85],{"class":77},[20,11732,129],{},[38,11734,11736],{"className":40,"code":11735,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"None\n{}\n",[15,11737,11738,11743],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,11739,11740],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,11741,11742],{"class":571},"None\n",[47,11744,11745],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,11746,9366],{"class":77},[373,11748,11750],{"id":11749},"common-mistake","Common mistake",[20,11752,11753,11754,11756],{},"Do ",[127,11755,768],{}," do this:",[38,11758,11760],{"className":40,"code":11759,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,11761,11762,11794,11808,11812],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,11763,11764,11766,11768,11770,11772,11774,11776,11778,11780,11782,11784,11786,11788,11790,11792],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,11765,11658],{"class":53},[47,11767,58],{"class":57},[47,11769,10423],{"class":77},[47,11771,309],{"class":151},[47,11773,2131],{"class":155},[47,11775,309],{"class":151},[47,11777,2826],{"class":77},[47,11779,5431],{"class":61},[47,11781,668],{"class":77},[47,11783,303],{"class":151},[47,11785,11679],{"class":155},[47,11787,309],{"class":151},[47,11789,2826],{"class":77},[47,11791,671],{"class":61},[47,11793,9240],{"class":77},[47,11795,11796,11798,11800,11802,11804,11806],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,11797,11658],{"class":53},[47,11799,58],{"class":57},[47,11801,11700],{"class":53},[47,11803,914],{"class":77},[47,11805,11317],{"class":81},[47,11807,8574],{"class":77},[47,11809,11810],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,11811,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,11813,11814,11816,11818,11820],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,11815,99],{"class":98},[47,11817,78],{"class":77},[47,11819,11384],{"class":81},[47,11821,85],{"class":77},[20,11823,129],{},[38,11825,11826],{"className":40,"code":11742,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,11827,11828],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,11829,11830],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,11831,11742],{"class":571},[20,11833,11834],{},"Why this happens:",[185,11836,11837,11843,11848],{},[188,11838,11839,11842],{},[15,11840,11841],{},"my_dict.clear()"," empties the dictionary",[188,11844,11845,11846],{},"The method returns ",[15,11847,3713],{},[188,11849,11850,11851,11854,11855,11857],{},"Then ",[15,11852,11853],{},"my_dict = ..."," stores ",[15,11856,3713],{}," in the variable",[20,11859,11860,11861,11863],{},"If you want to keep using the dictionary, just call ",[15,11862,11255],{}," by itself:",[38,11865,11867],{"className":40,"code":11866,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)  # {}\n",[15,11868,11869,11901,11911,11915],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,11870,11871,11873,11875,11877,11879,11881,11883,11885,11887,11889,11891,11893,11895,11897,11899],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,11872,11658],{"class":53},[47,11874,58],{"class":57},[47,11876,10423],{"class":77},[47,11878,309],{"class":151},[47,11880,2131],{"class":155},[47,11882,309],{"class":151},[47,11884,2826],{"class":77},[47,11886,5431],{"class":61},[47,11888,668],{"class":77},[47,11890,303],{"class":151},[47,11892,11679],{"class":155},[47,11894,309],{"class":151},[47,11896,2826],{"class":77},[47,11898,671],{"class":61},[47,11900,9240],{"class":77},[47,11902,11903,11905,11907,11909],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,11904,11384],{"class":53},[47,11906,914],{"class":77},[47,11908,11317],{"class":81},[47,11910,8574],{"class":77},[47,11912,11913],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,11914,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,11916,11917,11919,11921,11923,11925],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,11918,99],{"class":98},[47,11920,78],{"class":77},[47,11922,11384],{"class":81},[47,11924,862],{"class":77},[47,11926,11332],{"class":1378},[33,11928,11930,11932],{"id":11929},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-dictionary",[15,11931,11255],{}," vs creating a new empty dictionary",[20,11934,11935],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they do different things:",[38,11937,11938],{"className":40,"code":11377,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,11939,11940],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,11941,11942,11944,11946,11948],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,11943,11384],{"class":53},[47,11945,914],{"class":77},[47,11947,11317],{"class":81},[47,11949,8574],{"class":77},[38,11951,11953],{"className":40,"code":11952,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_dict = {}\n",[15,11954,11955],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,11956,11957,11959,11961],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,11958,11658],{"class":53},[47,11960,58],{"class":57},[47,11962,9770],{"class":77},[373,11964,11965],{"id":11317},[15,11966,11255],{},[185,11968,11969,11972,11975],{},[188,11970,11971],{},"Empties the existing dictionary object",[188,11973,11974],{},"Keeps the same object in memory",[188,11976,11977],{},"Affects all variables that refer to that same dictionary",[373,11979,11980],{"id":11384},[15,11981,11982],{},"my_dict = {}",[185,11984,11985,11988,11991],{},[188,11986,11987],{},"Creates a new empty dictionary object",[188,11989,11990],{},"Reassigns the variable to that new object",[188,11992,11993],{},"Other variables pointing to the old dictionary are unchanged",[20,11995,11996,11997,914],{},"This difference matters when you are working with shared references. It is also related to ",[360,11998,12000],{"href":11999},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types\u002F","mutable vs immutable types in Python",[33,12002,12004],{"id":12003},"shared-reference-example","Shared reference example",[20,12006,12007,12008,12010],{},"If two variables point to the same dictionary, ",[15,12009,11255],{}," affects both because both names refer to the same object.",[38,12012,12014],{"className":40,"code":12013,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal.clear()\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,12015,12016,12049,12059,12063,12074,12078,12098,12118],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,12017,12018,12021,12023,12025,12027,12029,12031,12033,12035,12037,12039,12041,12043,12045,12047],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,12019,12020],{"class":53},"original ",[47,12022,58],{"class":57},[47,12024,10423],{"class":77},[47,12026,309],{"class":151},[47,12028,360],{"class":155},[47,12030,309],{"class":151},[47,12032,2826],{"class":77},[47,12034,5431],{"class":61},[47,12036,668],{"class":77},[47,12038,303],{"class":151},[47,12040,4696],{"class":155},[47,12042,309],{"class":151},[47,12044,2826],{"class":77},[47,12046,671],{"class":61},[47,12048,9240],{"class":77},[47,12050,12051,12054,12056],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,12052,12053],{"class":53},"other_ref ",[47,12055,58],{"class":57},[47,12057,12058],{"class":53}," original\n",[47,12060,12061],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,12062,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,12064,12065,12068,12070,12072],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,12066,12067],{"class":53},"original",[47,12069,914],{"class":77},[47,12071,11317],{"class":81},[47,12073,8574],{"class":77},[47,12075,12076],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,12077,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,12079,12080,12082,12084,12086,12089,12091,12093,12096],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,12081,99],{"class":98},[47,12083,78],{"class":77},[47,12085,309],{"class":151},[47,12087,12088],{"class":155},"original:",[47,12090,309],{"class":151},[47,12092,668],{"class":77},[47,12094,12095],{"class":81}," original",[47,12097,85],{"class":77},[47,12099,12100,12102,12104,12106,12109,12111,12113,12116],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,12101,99],{"class":98},[47,12103,78],{"class":77},[47,12105,309],{"class":151},[47,12107,12108],{"class":155},"other_ref:",[47,12110,309],{"class":151},[47,12112,668],{"class":77},[47,12114,12115],{"class":81}," other_ref",[47,12117,85],{"class":77},[47,12119,12120,12122,12124,12126,12128,12130],{"class":49,"line":1734},[47,12121,99],{"class":98},[47,12123,78],{"class":77},[47,12125,12020],{"class":81},[47,12127,353],{"class":3812},[47,12129,12115],{"class":81},[47,12131,85],{"class":77},[20,12133,129],{},[38,12135,12137],{"className":40,"code":12136,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original: {}\nother_ref: {}\nTrue\n",[15,12138,12139,12147,12156],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,12140,12141,12143,12145],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,12142,12067],{"class":53},[47,12144,2826],{"class":77},[47,12146,9770],{"class":77},[47,12148,12149,12152,12154],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,12150,12151],{"class":53},"other_ref",[47,12153,2826],{"class":77},[47,12155,9770],{"class":77},[47,12157,12158],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,12159,629],{"class":571},[20,12161,12162],{},"This shows:",[185,12164,12165,12172,12177],{},[188,12166,12167,4329,12169,12171],{},[15,12168,12067],{},[15,12170,12151],{}," refer to the same dictionary",[188,12173,12174,12176],{},[15,12175,11255],{}," changes that dictionary in place",[188,12178,12179],{},"Both variables now show an empty dictionary",[20,12181,12182],{},"Now compare that with reassignment:",[38,12184,12186],{"className":40,"code":12185,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal = {}\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,12187,12188,12220,12228,12232,12240,12244,12262,12280],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,12189,12190,12192,12194,12196,12198,12200,12202,12204,12206,12208,12210,12212,12214,12216,12218],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,12191,12020],{"class":53},[47,12193,58],{"class":57},[47,12195,10423],{"class":77},[47,12197,309],{"class":151},[47,12199,360],{"class":155},[47,12201,309],{"class":151},[47,12203,2826],{"class":77},[47,12205,5431],{"class":61},[47,12207,668],{"class":77},[47,12209,303],{"class":151},[47,12211,4696],{"class":155},[47,12213,309],{"class":151},[47,12215,2826],{"class":77},[47,12217,671],{"class":61},[47,12219,9240],{"class":77},[47,12221,12222,12224,12226],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,12223,12053],{"class":53},[47,12225,58],{"class":57},[47,12227,12058],{"class":53},[47,12229,12230],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,12231,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,12233,12234,12236,12238],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,12235,12020],{"class":53},[47,12237,58],{"class":57},[47,12239,9770],{"class":77},[47,12241,12242],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,12243,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,12245,12246,12248,12250,12252,12254,12256,12258,12260],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,12247,99],{"class":98},[47,12249,78],{"class":77},[47,12251,309],{"class":151},[47,12253,12088],{"class":155},[47,12255,309],{"class":151},[47,12257,668],{"class":77},[47,12259,12095],{"class":81},[47,12261,85],{"class":77},[47,12263,12264,12266,12268,12270,12272,12274,12276,12278],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,12265,99],{"class":98},[47,12267,78],{"class":77},[47,12269,309],{"class":151},[47,12271,12108],{"class":155},[47,12273,309],{"class":151},[47,12275,668],{"class":77},[47,12277,12115],{"class":81},[47,12279,85],{"class":77},[47,12281,12282,12284,12286,12288,12290,12292],{"class":49,"line":1734},[47,12283,99],{"class":98},[47,12285,78],{"class":77},[47,12287,12020],{"class":81},[47,12289,353],{"class":3812},[47,12291,12115],{"class":81},[47,12293,85],{"class":77},[20,12295,129],{},[38,12297,12299],{"className":40,"code":12298,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original: {}\nother_ref: {'a': 1, 'b': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,12300,12301,12309,12341],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,12302,12303,12305,12307],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,12304,12067],{"class":53},[47,12306,2826],{"class":77},[47,12308,9770],{"class":77},[47,12310,12311,12313,12315,12317,12319,12321,12323,12325,12327,12329,12331,12333,12335,12337,12339],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,12312,12151],{"class":53},[47,12314,2826],{"class":77},[47,12316,10423],{"class":77},[47,12318,159],{"class":151},[47,12320,360],{"class":155},[47,12322,159],{"class":151},[47,12324,2826],{"class":77},[47,12326,5431],{"class":61},[47,12328,668],{"class":77},[47,12330,152],{"class":151},[47,12332,4696],{"class":155},[47,12334,159],{"class":151},[47,12336,2826],{"class":77},[47,12338,671],{"class":61},[47,12340,9240],{"class":77},[47,12342,12343],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,12344,3976],{"class":571},[20,12346,2136],{},[185,12348,12349,12355],{},[188,12350,12351,12354],{},[15,12352,12353],{},"original = {}"," creates a new dictionary",[188,12356,12357,12359],{},[15,12358,12151],{}," still points to the old one",[20,12361,12362,12363,914],{},"If you want to make a separate dictionary before changing it, see ",[360,12364,12366],{"href":12365},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method\u002F",[15,12367,12368],{},"dict.copy()",[33,12370,773,12372],{"id":12371},"when-to-use-clear",[15,12373,11255],{},[20,12375,12376,12378],{},[15,12377,11255],{}," is useful when you want to:",[185,12380,12381,12384,12387],{},[188,12382,12383],{},"Reset stored data before reusing a dictionary",[188,12385,12386],{},"Empty a cache or temporary mapping",[188,12388,12389],{},"Remove all items without deleting the variable",[20,12391,800],{},[38,12393,12395],{"className":40,"code":12394,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"session_data = {\n    \"user_id\": 101,\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\n# Reset for a new session\nsession_data.clear()\n\nprint(session_data)  # {}\n",[15,12396,12397,12406,12422,12442,12455,12459,12463,12468,12479,12483],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,12398,12399,12402,12404],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,12400,12401],{"class":53},"session_data ",[47,12403,58],{"class":57},[47,12405,11427],{"class":77},[47,12407,12408,12410,12413,12415,12417,12420],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,12409,11432],{"class":151},[47,12411,12412],{"class":155},"user_id",[47,12414,309],{"class":151},[47,12416,2826],{"class":77},[47,12418,12419],{"class":61}," 101",[47,12421,11447],{"class":77},[47,12423,12424,12426,12429,12431,12433,12435,12438,12440],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,12425,11432],{"class":151},[47,12427,12428],{"class":155},"theme",[47,12430,309],{"class":151},[47,12432,2826],{"class":77},[47,12434,303],{"class":151},[47,12436,12437],{"class":155},"dark",[47,12439,309],{"class":151},[47,12441,11447],{"class":77},[47,12443,12444,12446,12449,12451,12453],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,12445,11432],{"class":151},[47,12447,12448],{"class":155},"logged_in",[47,12450,309],{"class":151},[47,12452,2826],{"class":77},[47,12454,572],{"class":571},[47,12456,12457],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,12458,9240],{"class":77},[47,12460,12461],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,12462,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,12464,12465],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,12466,12467],{"class":1378},"# Reset for a new session\n",[47,12469,12470,12473,12475,12477],{"class":49,"line":1734},[47,12471,12472],{"class":53},"session_data",[47,12474,914],{"class":77},[47,12476,11317],{"class":81},[47,12478,8574],{"class":77},[47,12480,12481],{"class":49,"line":6365},[47,12482,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,12484,12485,12487,12489,12491,12493],{"class":49,"line":6370},[47,12486,99],{"class":98},[47,12488,78],{"class":77},[47,12490,12472],{"class":81},[47,12492,862],{"class":77},[47,12494,11332],{"class":1378},[20,12496,12497,12498,12504,12505,914,12509,12511,12512,914],{},"If you only want to remove one item, use a more specific method like ",[360,12499,12501],{"href":12500},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method\u002F",[15,12502,12503],{},"dict.pop()"," or read ",[360,12506,12508],{"href":12507},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-a-key-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[9778,12510],{},"\nIf you want to remove the last inserted item, see ",[360,12513,12515],{"href":12514},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method\u002F",[15,12516,12517],{},"dict.popitem()",[33,12519,2775],{"id":2774},[20,12521,10680,12522,2826],{},[15,12523,11255],{},[185,12525,12526,12532,12537,12540],{},[188,12527,12528,12529,12531],{},"Assigning the result of ",[15,12530,11255],{}," to a variable",[188,12533,1400,12534,12536],{},[15,12535,11255],{}," to return a new dictionary",[188,12538,12539],{},"Not realizing the dictionary is changed in place",[188,12541,12542],{},"Clearing a dictionary that is shared by another variable",[20,12544,12545],{},"If something looks wrong, these quick checks can help:",[38,12547,12549],{"className":40,"code":12548,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(id(my_dict))\nprint(other_ref is my_dict)\n",[15,12550,12551,12561,12575,12590],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,12552,12553,12555,12557,12559],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,12554,99],{"class":98},[47,12556,78],{"class":77},[47,12558,11384],{"class":81},[47,12560,85],{"class":77},[47,12562,12563,12565,12567,12569,12571,12573],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,12564,99],{"class":98},[47,12566,78],{"class":77},[47,12568,116],{"class":73},[47,12570,78],{"class":77},[47,12572,11384],{"class":81},[47,12574,123],{"class":77},[47,12576,12577,12579,12581,12584,12586,12588],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,12578,99],{"class":98},[47,12580,78],{"class":77},[47,12582,12583],{"class":98},"id",[47,12585,78],{"class":77},[47,12587,11384],{"class":81},[47,12589,123],{"class":77},[47,12591,12592,12594,12596,12598,12600,12602],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,12593,99],{"class":98},[47,12595,78],{"class":77},[47,12597,12053],{"class":81},[47,12599,353],{"class":3812},[47,12601,11700],{"class":81},[47,12603,85],{"class":77},[20,12605,12606],{},"What these show:",[185,12608,12609,12615,12621,12627],{},[188,12610,12611,12614],{},[15,12612,12613],{},"print(my_dict)"," shows the current contents",[188,12616,12617,12620],{},[15,12618,12619],{},"print(type(my_dict))"," confirms it is still a dictionary",[188,12622,12623,12626],{},[15,12624,12625],{},"print(id(my_dict))"," helps you check whether it is the same object as before",[188,12628,12629,12632],{},[15,12630,12631],{},"print(other_ref is my_dict)"," tells you whether two variables point to the same object",[33,12634,1762],{"id":1761},[373,12636,1776,12638,12640],{"id":12637},"does-clear-delete-the-dictionary",[15,12639,11255],{}," delete the dictionary?",[20,12642,12643],{},"No. It keeps the dictionary object but removes all items from it.",[373,12645,1766,12647,12649],{"id":12646},"what-does-dictclear-return",[15,12648,11261],{}," return?",[20,12651,5080,12652,914],{},[15,12653,3713],{},[373,12655,5111,12657,4329,12659,1812],{"id":12656},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and",[15,12658,11255],{},[15,12660,3727],{},[20,12662,12663,12665,12666,12668],{},[15,12664,11255],{}," empties the same dictionary object. Assigning ",[15,12667,3727],{}," creates a new empty dictionary.",[373,12670,1776,12672,12674],{"id":12671},"does-clear-work-on-nested-dictionaries",[15,12673,11255],{}," work on nested dictionaries?",[20,12676,12677],{},"It removes the top-level items. If nested dictionaries were inside it, those references are removed from this dictionary.",[33,12679,1825],{"id":1824},[185,12681,12682,12686,12690,12697,12704,12711,12716],{},[188,12683,12684],{},[360,12685,9088],{"href":9087},[188,12687,12688],{},[360,12689,11176],{"href":9322},[188,12691,12692],{},[360,12693,10669,12694,10673],{"href":12500},[15,12695,12696],{},"pop()",[188,12698,12699],{},[360,12700,10669,12701,10673],{"href":12514},[15,12702,12703],{},"popitem()",[188,12705,12706],{},[360,12707,10669,12708,10673],{"href":12365},[15,12709,12710],{},"copy()",[188,12712,12713],{},[360,12714,12715],{"href":11999},"Mutable vs immutable types in Python",[188,12717,12718],{},[360,12719,12720],{"href":12507},"How to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[1875,12722,12723],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":65,"depth":65,"links":12725},[12726,12727,12729,12730,12731,12735,12740,12741,12743,12744,12754],{"id":35,"depth":65,"text":36},{"id":11340,"depth":65,"text":12728},"What clear() does",{"id":244,"depth":65,"text":245},{"id":11408,"depth":65,"text":11409},{"id":11636,"depth":65,"text":12732,"children":12733},"What clear() returns",[12734],{"id":11749,"depth":88,"text":11750},{"id":11929,"depth":65,"text":12736,"children":12737},"clear() vs creating a new empty dictionary",[12738,12739],{"id":11317,"depth":88,"text":11255},{"id":11384,"depth":88,"text":11982},{"id":12003,"depth":65,"text":12004},{"id":12371,"depth":65,"text":12742},"When to use clear()",{"id":2774,"depth":65,"text":2775},{"id":1761,"depth":65,"text":1762,"children":12745},[12746,12748,12750,12752],{"id":12637,"depth":88,"text":12747},"Does clear() delete the dictionary?",{"id":12646,"depth":88,"text":12749},"What does dict.clear() return?",{"id":12656,"depth":88,"text":12751},"What is the difference between clear() and {}?",{"id":12671,"depth":88,"text":12753},"Does clear() work on nested dictionaries?",{"id":1824,"depth":65,"text":1825},"Master python dictionary clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method",{"title":11246,"description":12755},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method","xe2WHgVVqBBDcVsY_J76LhYda8_TxsqdNPbHatiN8IU",{"id":12762,"title":12763,"body":12764,"description":14931,"extension":1922,"meta":14932,"navigation":91,"path":14933,"seo":14934,"stem":14935,"__hash__":14936},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method.md","Python Dictionary copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":12765,"toc":14903},[12766,12771,12776,12786,12788,12877,12881,12922,12927,12934,12952,12961,12963,12984,12987,12999,13001,13080,13084,13125,13127,13130,13258,13262,13342,13345,13363,13366,13370,13376,13378,13389,13391,13586,13590,13696,13699,13717,13720,13727,13732,13736,13750,13752,13879,13883,13963,13976,13982,13985,13993,13997,14122,14126,14200,14205,14336,14340,14414,14417,14431,14435,14439,14453,14455,14591,14595,14664,14666,14671,14693,14696,14803,14806,14817,14824,14826,14832,14835,14841,14844,14851,14859,14863,14866,14868,14900],[10,12767,11252,12769,11256],{"id":12768},"python-dictionary-copy-method",[15,12770,12710],{},[20,12772,12773,12775],{},[15,12774,12368],{}," creates a new dictionary with the same key-value pairs as the original.",[20,12777,12778,12779,12781,12782,12785],{},"This method is useful when you want a separate dictionary object instead of another variable pointing to the same dictionary. It is important to know that ",[15,12780,12710],{}," makes a ",[127,12783,12784],{},"shallow copy",", not a deep copy.",[33,12787,36],{"id":35},[38,12789,12791],{"className":40,"code":12790,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nprint(student_copy)\nprint(student_copy is student)\n",[15,12792,12793,12831,12848,12852,12863],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,12794,12795,12798,12800,12802,12804,12806,12808,12810,12812,12815,12817,12819,12821,12823,12825,12827,12829],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,12796,12797],{"class":53},"student ",[47,12799,58],{"class":57},[47,12801,10423],{"class":77},[47,12803,309],{"class":151},[47,12805,7601],{"class":155},[47,12807,309],{"class":151},[47,12809,2826],{"class":77},[47,12811,303],{"class":151},[47,12813,12814],{"class":155},"Ana",[47,12816,309],{"class":151},[47,12818,668],{"class":77},[47,12820,303],{"class":151},[47,12822,82],{"class":155},[47,12824,309],{"class":151},[47,12826,2826],{"class":77},[47,12828,7722],{"class":61},[47,12830,9240],{"class":77},[47,12832,12833,12836,12838,12841,12843,12846],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,12834,12835],{"class":53},"student_copy ",[47,12837,58],{"class":57},[47,12839,12840],{"class":53}," student",[47,12842,914],{"class":77},[47,12844,12845],{"class":81},"copy",[47,12847,8574],{"class":77},[47,12849,12850],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,12851,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,12853,12854,12856,12858,12861],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,12855,99],{"class":98},[47,12857,78],{"class":77},[47,12859,12860],{"class":81},"student_copy",[47,12862,85],{"class":77},[47,12864,12865,12867,12869,12871,12873,12875],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,12866,99],{"class":98},[47,12868,78],{"class":77},[47,12870,12835],{"class":81},[47,12872,353],{"class":3812},[47,12874,12840],{"class":81},[47,12876,85],{"class":77},[20,12878,12879],{},[127,12880,129],{},[38,12882,12884],{"className":40,"code":12883,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\nFalse\n",[15,12885,12886,12918],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,12887,12888,12890,12892,12894,12896,12898,12900,12902,12904,12906,12908,12910,12912,12914,12916],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,12889,9211],{"class":77},[47,12891,159],{"class":151},[47,12893,7601],{"class":155},[47,12895,159],{"class":151},[47,12897,2826],{"class":77},[47,12899,152],{"class":151},[47,12901,12814],{"class":155},[47,12903,159],{"class":151},[47,12905,668],{"class":77},[47,12907,152],{"class":151},[47,12909,82],{"class":155},[47,12911,159],{"class":151},[47,12913,2826],{"class":77},[47,12915,7722],{"class":61},[47,12917,9240],{"class":77},[47,12919,12920],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,12921,3976],{"class":571},[20,12923,165,12924,12926],{},[15,12925,12710],{}," to create a new dictionary object with the same contents. The result is a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[33,12928,12930,12931,12933],{"id":12929},"what-the-copy-method-does","What the ",[15,12932,12710],{}," method does",[185,12935,12936,12941,12944,12949],{},[188,12937,12938,12940],{},[15,12939,12368],{}," returns a new dictionary",[188,12942,12943],{},"The new dictionary starts with the same keys and values as the original",[188,12945,12946,12947],{},"The original dictionary is not changed by calling ",[15,12948,12710],{},[188,12950,12951],{},"It is useful when you want a separate dictionary object",[20,12953,12954,12955,1389,12958,914],{},"If you are still learning how dictionaries work, see ",[360,12956,9088],{"href":12957},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained",[360,12959,9323],{"href":12960},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[33,12962,245],{"id":244},[38,12964,12966],{"className":40,"code":12965,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"new_dict = old_dict.copy()\n",[15,12967,12968],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,12969,12970,12973,12975,12978,12980,12982],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,12971,12972],{"class":53},"new_dict ",[47,12974,58],{"class":57},[47,12976,12977],{"class":53}," old_dict",[47,12979,914],{"class":77},[47,12981,12845],{"class":81},[47,12983,8574],{"class":77},[20,12985,12986],{},"Key points:",[185,12988,12989,12993,12996],{},[188,12990,12991,11399],{},[15,12992,12710],{},[188,12994,12995],{},"It returns the copied dictionary",[188,12997,12998],{},"You should store the result in a variable if you want to use the new dictionary",[20,13000,800],{},[38,13002,13004],{"className":40,"code":13003,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = {\"a\": \"red\", \"b\": \"blue\"}\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,13005,13006,13049,13065,13069],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,13007,13008,13011,13013,13015,13017,13019,13021,13023,13025,13028,13030,13032,13034,13036,13038,13040,13042,13045,13047],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,13009,13010],{"class":53},"colors ",[47,13012,58],{"class":57},[47,13014,10423],{"class":77},[47,13016,309],{"class":151},[47,13018,360],{"class":155},[47,13020,309],{"class":151},[47,13022,2826],{"class":77},[47,13024,303],{"class":151},[47,13026,13027],{"class":155},"red",[47,13029,309],{"class":151},[47,13031,668],{"class":77},[47,13033,303],{"class":151},[47,13035,4696],{"class":155},[47,13037,309],{"class":151},[47,13039,2826],{"class":77},[47,13041,303],{"class":151},[47,13043,13044],{"class":155},"blue",[47,13046,309],{"class":151},[47,13048,9240],{"class":77},[47,13050,13051,13054,13056,13059,13061,13063],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,13052,13053],{"class":53},"new_colors ",[47,13055,58],{"class":57},[47,13057,13058],{"class":53}," colors",[47,13060,914],{"class":77},[47,13062,12845],{"class":81},[47,13064,8574],{"class":77},[47,13066,13067],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,13068,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,13070,13071,13073,13075,13078],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,13072,99],{"class":98},[47,13074,78],{"class":77},[47,13076,13077],{"class":81},"new_colors",[47,13079,85],{"class":77},[20,13081,13082],{},[127,13083,129],{},[38,13085,13087],{"className":40,"code":13086,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'a': 'red', 'b': 'blue'}\n",[15,13088,13089],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,13090,13091,13093,13095,13097,13099,13101,13103,13105,13107,13109,13111,13113,13115,13117,13119,13121,13123],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,13092,9211],{"class":77},[47,13094,159],{"class":151},[47,13096,360],{"class":155},[47,13098,159],{"class":151},[47,13100,2826],{"class":77},[47,13102,152],{"class":151},[47,13104,13027],{"class":155},[47,13106,159],{"class":151},[47,13108,668],{"class":77},[47,13110,152],{"class":151},[47,13112,4696],{"class":155},[47,13114,159],{"class":151},[47,13116,2826],{"class":77},[47,13118,152],{"class":151},[47,13120,13044],{"class":155},[47,13122,159],{"class":151},[47,13124,9240],{"class":77},[33,13126,11409],{"id":11408},[20,13128,13129],{},"Here is a basic example with simple values:",[38,13131,13133],{"className":40,"code":13132,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\nperson_copy = person.copy()\n\nperson_copy[\"age\"] = 26\n\nprint(\"Original:\", person)\nprint(\"Copy:\", person_copy)\n",[15,13134,13135,13173,13189,13193,13215,13219,13238],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,13136,13137,13140,13142,13144,13146,13148,13150,13152,13154,13157,13159,13161,13163,13165,13167,13169,13171],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,13138,13139],{"class":53},"person ",[47,13141,58],{"class":57},[47,13143,10423],{"class":77},[47,13145,309],{"class":151},[47,13147,7601],{"class":155},[47,13149,309],{"class":151},[47,13151,2826],{"class":77},[47,13153,303],{"class":151},[47,13155,13156],{"class":155},"Liam",[47,13158,309],{"class":151},[47,13160,668],{"class":77},[47,13162,303],{"class":151},[47,13164,82],{"class":155},[47,13166,309],{"class":151},[47,13168,2826],{"class":77},[47,13170,900],{"class":61},[47,13172,9240],{"class":77},[47,13174,13175,13178,13180,13183,13185,13187],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,13176,13177],{"class":53},"person_copy ",[47,13179,58],{"class":57},[47,13181,13182],{"class":53}," person",[47,13184,914],{"class":77},[47,13186,12845],{"class":81},[47,13188,8574],{"class":77},[47,13190,13191],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,13192,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,13194,13195,13198,13200,13202,13204,13206,13209,13212],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,13196,13197],{"class":53},"person_copy",[47,13199,736],{"class":77},[47,13201,309],{"class":151},[47,13203,82],{"class":155},[47,13205,309],{"class":151},[47,13207,13208],{"class":77},"]",[47,13210,13211],{"class":57}," =",[47,13213,13214],{"class":61}," 26\n",[47,13216,13217],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,13218,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,13220,13221,13223,13225,13227,13230,13232,13234,13236],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,13222,99],{"class":98},[47,13224,78],{"class":77},[47,13226,309],{"class":151},[47,13228,13229],{"class":155},"Original:",[47,13231,309],{"class":151},[47,13233,668],{"class":77},[47,13235,13182],{"class":81},[47,13237,85],{"class":77},[47,13239,13240,13242,13244,13246,13249,13251,13253,13256],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,13241,99],{"class":98},[47,13243,78],{"class":77},[47,13245,309],{"class":151},[47,13247,13248],{"class":155},"Copy:",[47,13250,309],{"class":151},[47,13252,668],{"class":77},[47,13254,13255],{"class":81}," person_copy",[47,13257,85],{"class":77},[20,13259,13260],{},[127,13261,129],{},[38,13263,13265],{"className":40,"code":13264,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Original: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 25}\nCopy: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 26}\n",[15,13266,13267,13304],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,13268,13269,13272,13274,13276,13278,13280,13282,13284,13286,13288,13290,13292,13294,13296,13298,13300,13302],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,13270,13271],{"class":53},"Original",[47,13273,2826],{"class":77},[47,13275,10423],{"class":77},[47,13277,159],{"class":151},[47,13279,7601],{"class":155},[47,13281,159],{"class":151},[47,13283,2826],{"class":77},[47,13285,152],{"class":151},[47,13287,13156],{"class":155},[47,13289,159],{"class":151},[47,13291,668],{"class":77},[47,13293,152],{"class":151},[47,13295,82],{"class":155},[47,13297,159],{"class":151},[47,13299,2826],{"class":77},[47,13301,900],{"class":61},[47,13303,9240],{"class":77},[47,13305,13306,13309,13311,13313,13315,13317,13319,13321,13323,13325,13327,13329,13331,13333,13335,13337,13340],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,13307,13308],{"class":53},"Copy",[47,13310,2826],{"class":77},[47,13312,10423],{"class":77},[47,13314,159],{"class":151},[47,13316,7601],{"class":155},[47,13318,159],{"class":151},[47,13320,2826],{"class":77},[47,13322,152],{"class":151},[47,13324,13156],{"class":155},[47,13326,159],{"class":151},[47,13328,668],{"class":77},[47,13330,152],{"class":151},[47,13332,82],{"class":155},[47,13334,159],{"class":151},[47,13336,2826],{"class":77},[47,13338,13339],{"class":61}," 26",[47,13341,9240],{"class":77},[20,13343,13344],{},"What happened here:",[185,13346,13347,13353,13360],{},[188,13348,13349,13352],{},[15,13350,13351],{},"person.copy()"," created a new dictionary",[188,13354,13355,13356,13359],{},"Changing ",[15,13357,13358],{},"person_copy[\"age\"]"," changed only the copied dictionary",[188,13361,13362],{},"The original dictionary stayed the same",[20,13364,13365],{},"This works as beginners usually expect when the dictionary contains simple values like strings, numbers, or booleans.",[33,13367,13369],{"id":13368},"shallow-copy-explained","Shallow copy explained",[20,13371,13372,12781,13374,914],{},[15,13373,12710],{},[127,13375,12784],{},[20,13377,183],{},[185,13379,13380,13383,13386],{},[188,13381,13382],{},"The top-level dictionary is new",[188,13384,13385],{},"But nested mutable values are still shared",[188,13387,13388],{},"This includes values like lists and dictionaries inside the dictionary",[20,13390,800],{},[38,13392,13394],{"className":40,"code":13393,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"grades\": [90, 85]\n}\n\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nstudent_copy[\"grades\"].append(100)\n\nprint(\"Original:\", student)\nprint(\"Copy:\", student_copy)\nprint(student is student_copy)\nprint(student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"])\n",[15,13395,13396,13404,13422,13445,13449,13453,13467,13471,13496,13500,13518,13537,13552],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,13397,13398,13400,13402],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,13399,12797],{"class":53},[47,13401,58],{"class":57},[47,13403,11427],{"class":77},[47,13405,13406,13408,13410,13412,13414,13416,13418,13420],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,13407,11432],{"class":151},[47,13409,7601],{"class":155},[47,13411,309],{"class":151},[47,13413,2826],{"class":77},[47,13415,303],{"class":151},[47,13417,12814],{"class":155},[47,13419,309],{"class":151},[47,13421,11447],{"class":77},[47,13423,13424,13426,13429,13431,13433,13435,13438,13440,13443],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,13425,11432],{"class":151},[47,13427,13428],{"class":155},"grades",[47,13430,309],{"class":151},[47,13432,2826],{"class":77},[47,13434,662],{"class":77},[47,13436,13437],{"class":61},"90",[47,13439,668],{"class":77},[47,13441,13442],{"class":61}," 85",[47,13444,679],{"class":77},[47,13446,13447],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,13448,9240],{"class":77},[47,13450,13451],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,13452,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,13454,13455,13457,13459,13461,13463,13465],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,13456,12835],{"class":53},[47,13458,58],{"class":57},[47,13460,12840],{"class":53},[47,13462,914],{"class":77},[47,13464,12845],{"class":81},[47,13466,8574],{"class":77},[47,13468,13469],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,13470,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,13472,13473,13475,13477,13479,13481,13483,13486,13489,13491,13494],{"class":49,"line":1734},[47,13474,12860],{"class":53},[47,13476,736],{"class":77},[47,13478,309],{"class":151},[47,13480,13428],{"class":155},[47,13482,309],{"class":151},[47,13484,13485],{"class":77},"].",[47,13487,13488],{"class":81},"append",[47,13490,78],{"class":77},[47,13492,13493],{"class":61},"100",[47,13495,85],{"class":77},[47,13497,13498],{"class":49,"line":6365},[47,13499,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,13501,13502,13504,13506,13508,13510,13512,13514,13516],{"class":49,"line":6370},[47,13503,99],{"class":98},[47,13505,78],{"class":77},[47,13507,309],{"class":151},[47,13509,13229],{"class":155},[47,13511,309],{"class":151},[47,13513,668],{"class":77},[47,13515,12840],{"class":81},[47,13517,85],{"class":77},[47,13519,13520,13522,13524,13526,13528,13530,13532,13535],{"class":49,"line":11528},[47,13521,99],{"class":98},[47,13523,78],{"class":77},[47,13525,309],{"class":151},[47,13527,13248],{"class":155},[47,13529,309],{"class":151},[47,13531,668],{"class":77},[47,13533,13534],{"class":81}," student_copy",[47,13536,85],{"class":77},[47,13538,13540,13542,13544,13546,13548,13550],{"class":49,"line":13539},12,[47,13541,99],{"class":98},[47,13543,78],{"class":77},[47,13545,12797],{"class":81},[47,13547,353],{"class":3812},[47,13549,13534],{"class":81},[47,13551,85],{"class":77},[47,13553,13555,13557,13559,13562,13564,13566,13568,13570,13572,13574,13576,13578,13580,13582,13584],{"class":49,"line":13554},13,[47,13556,99],{"class":98},[47,13558,78],{"class":77},[47,13560,13561],{"class":81},"student",[47,13563,736],{"class":77},[47,13565,309],{"class":151},[47,13567,13428],{"class":155},[47,13569,309],{"class":151},[47,13571,13208],{"class":77},[47,13573,8028],{"class":3812},[47,13575,13534],{"class":81},[47,13577,736],{"class":77},[47,13579,309],{"class":151},[47,13581,13428],{"class":155},[47,13583,309],{"class":151},[47,13585,3825],{"class":77},[20,13587,13588],{},[127,13589,129],{},[38,13591,13593],{"className":40,"code":13592,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Original: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nCopy: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,13594,13595,13642,13688,13692],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,13596,13597,13599,13601,13603,13605,13607,13609,13611,13613,13615,13617,13619,13621,13623,13625,13627,13629,13631,13633,13635,13637,13639],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,13598,13271],{"class":53},[47,13600,2826],{"class":77},[47,13602,10423],{"class":77},[47,13604,159],{"class":151},[47,13606,7601],{"class":155},[47,13608,159],{"class":151},[47,13610,2826],{"class":77},[47,13612,152],{"class":151},[47,13614,12814],{"class":155},[47,13616,159],{"class":151},[47,13618,668],{"class":77},[47,13620,152],{"class":151},[47,13622,13428],{"class":155},[47,13624,159],{"class":151},[47,13626,2826],{"class":77},[47,13628,662],{"class":77},[47,13630,13437],{"class":61},[47,13632,668],{"class":77},[47,13634,13442],{"class":61},[47,13636,668],{"class":77},[47,13638,10050],{"class":61},[47,13640,13641],{"class":77},"]}\n",[47,13643,13644,13646,13648,13650,13652,13654,13656,13658,13660,13662,13664,13666,13668,13670,13672,13674,13676,13678,13680,13682,13684,13686],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,13645,13308],{"class":53},[47,13647,2826],{"class":77},[47,13649,10423],{"class":77},[47,13651,159],{"class":151},[47,13653,7601],{"class":155},[47,13655,159],{"class":151},[47,13657,2826],{"class":77},[47,13659,152],{"class":151},[47,13661,12814],{"class":155},[47,13663,159],{"class":151},[47,13665,668],{"class":77},[47,13667,152],{"class":151},[47,13669,13428],{"class":155},[47,13671,159],{"class":151},[47,13673,2826],{"class":77},[47,13675,662],{"class":77},[47,13677,13437],{"class":61},[47,13679,668],{"class":77},[47,13681,13442],{"class":61},[47,13683,668],{"class":77},[47,13685,10050],{"class":61},[47,13687,13641],{"class":77},[47,13689,13690],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,13691,3976],{"class":571},[47,13693,13694],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,13695,629],{"class":571},[20,13697,13698],{},"Notice the difference:",[185,13700,13701,13709],{},[188,13702,13703,849,13706,13708],{},[15,13704,13705],{},"student is student_copy",[15,13707,3609],{},", so they are different dictionaries",[188,13710,13711,849,13714,13716],{},[15,13712,13713],{},"student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"]",[15,13715,212],{},", so both dictionaries share the same list",[20,13718,13719],{},"Because of that, changing the nested list in the copy also changed the original.",[20,13721,13722,13723,914],{},"If you want to understand this in more detail, see ",[360,13724,13726],{"href":13725},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","Python shallow copy vs deep copy explained",[33,13728,773,13730],{"id":13729},"when-to-use-copy",[15,13731,12710],{},[20,13733,165,13734,10533],{},[15,13735,12710],{},[185,13737,13738,13741,13744,13747],{},[188,13739,13740],{},"You want to edit a dictionary without changing the original",[188,13742,13743],{},"You need a backup before making updates",[188,13745,13746],{},"You pass a dictionary to code that may modify it",[188,13748,13749],{},"Your dictionary contains only simple values, so a shallow copy is enough",[20,13751,800],{},[38,13753,13755],{"className":40,"code":13754,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\", \"font_size\": 14}\nsettings_backup = settings.copy()\n\nsettings[\"font_size\"] = 16\n\nprint(\"Current:\", settings)\nprint(\"Backup:\", settings_backup)\n",[15,13756,13757,13796,13812,13816,13836,13840,13859],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,13758,13759,13762,13764,13766,13768,13770,13772,13774,13776,13778,13780,13782,13784,13787,13789,13791,13794],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,13760,13761],{"class":53},"settings ",[47,13763,58],{"class":57},[47,13765,10423],{"class":77},[47,13767,309],{"class":151},[47,13769,12428],{"class":155},[47,13771,309],{"class":151},[47,13773,2826],{"class":77},[47,13775,303],{"class":151},[47,13777,12437],{"class":155},[47,13779,309],{"class":151},[47,13781,668],{"class":77},[47,13783,303],{"class":151},[47,13785,13786],{"class":155},"font_size",[47,13788,309],{"class":151},[47,13790,2826],{"class":77},[47,13792,13793],{"class":61}," 14",[47,13795,9240],{"class":77},[47,13797,13798,13801,13803,13806,13808,13810],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,13799,13800],{"class":53},"settings_backup ",[47,13802,58],{"class":57},[47,13804,13805],{"class":53}," settings",[47,13807,914],{"class":77},[47,13809,12845],{"class":81},[47,13811,8574],{"class":77},[47,13813,13814],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,13815,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,13817,13818,13821,13823,13825,13827,13829,13831,13833],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,13819,13820],{"class":53},"settings",[47,13822,736],{"class":77},[47,13824,309],{"class":151},[47,13826,13786],{"class":155},[47,13828,309],{"class":151},[47,13830,13208],{"class":77},[47,13832,13211],{"class":57},[47,13834,13835],{"class":61}," 16\n",[47,13837,13838],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,13839,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,13841,13842,13844,13846,13848,13851,13853,13855,13857],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,13843,99],{"class":98},[47,13845,78],{"class":77},[47,13847,309],{"class":151},[47,13849,13850],{"class":155},"Current:",[47,13852,309],{"class":151},[47,13854,668],{"class":77},[47,13856,13805],{"class":81},[47,13858,85],{"class":77},[47,13860,13861,13863,13865,13867,13870,13872,13874,13877],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,13862,99],{"class":98},[47,13864,78],{"class":77},[47,13866,309],{"class":151},[47,13868,13869],{"class":155},"Backup:",[47,13871,309],{"class":151},[47,13873,668],{"class":77},[47,13875,13876],{"class":81}," settings_backup",[47,13878,85],{"class":77},[20,13880,13881],{},[127,13882,129],{},[38,13884,13886],{"className":40,"code":13885,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Current: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 16}\nBackup: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 14}\n",[15,13887,13888,13926],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,13889,13890,13893,13895,13897,13899,13901,13903,13905,13907,13909,13911,13913,13915,13917,13919,13921,13924],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,13891,13892],{"class":53},"Current",[47,13894,2826],{"class":77},[47,13896,10423],{"class":77},[47,13898,159],{"class":151},[47,13900,12428],{"class":155},[47,13902,159],{"class":151},[47,13904,2826],{"class":77},[47,13906,152],{"class":151},[47,13908,12437],{"class":155},[47,13910,159],{"class":151},[47,13912,668],{"class":77},[47,13914,152],{"class":151},[47,13916,13786],{"class":155},[47,13918,159],{"class":151},[47,13920,2826],{"class":77},[47,13922,13923],{"class":61}," 16",[47,13925,9240],{"class":77},[47,13927,13928,13931,13933,13935,13937,13939,13941,13943,13945,13947,13949,13951,13953,13955,13957,13959,13961],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,13929,13930],{"class":53},"Backup",[47,13932,2826],{"class":77},[47,13934,10423],{"class":77},[47,13936,159],{"class":151},[47,13938,12428],{"class":155},[47,13940,159],{"class":151},[47,13942,2826],{"class":77},[47,13944,152],{"class":151},[47,13946,12437],{"class":155},[47,13948,159],{"class":151},[47,13950,668],{"class":77},[47,13952,152],{"class":151},[47,13954,13786],{"class":155},[47,13956,159],{"class":151},[47,13958,2826],{"class":77},[47,13960,13793],{"class":61},[47,13962,9240],{"class":77},[20,13964,13965,13966,1389,13972,914],{},"This is a common pattern before using methods that change a dictionary, such as ",[360,13967,13969],{"href":13968},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method",[15,13970,13971],{},"dict.update()",[360,13973,13974],{"href":12757},[15,13975,11261],{},[33,13977,13979,13981],{"id":13978},"copy-vs-assignment",[15,13980,12710],{}," vs assignment",[20,13983,13984],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes.",[20,13986,1335,13987,13989,13990,13992],{},[15,13988,58],{}," does ",[127,13991,768],{}," make a new dictionary. It only creates another variable that refers to the same object.",[373,13994,13996],{"id":13995},"using-assignment","Using assignment",[38,13998,14000],{"className":40,"code":13999,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nassigned = original\n\nassigned[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Assigned:\", assigned)\nprint(original is assigned)\n",[15,14001,14002,14034,14043,14047,14066,14070,14088,14108],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,14003,14004,14006,14008,14010,14012,14014,14016,14018,14020,14022,14024,14026,14028,14030,14032],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,14005,12020],{"class":53},[47,14007,58],{"class":57},[47,14009,10423],{"class":77},[47,14011,309],{"class":151},[47,14013,2131],{"class":155},[47,14015,309],{"class":151},[47,14017,2826],{"class":77},[47,14019,5431],{"class":61},[47,14021,668],{"class":77},[47,14023,303],{"class":151},[47,14025,11679],{"class":155},[47,14027,309],{"class":151},[47,14029,2826],{"class":77},[47,14031,671],{"class":61},[47,14033,9240],{"class":77},[47,14035,14036,14039,14041],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,14037,14038],{"class":53},"assigned ",[47,14040,58],{"class":57},[47,14042,12058],{"class":53},[47,14044,14045],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,14046,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,14048,14049,14052,14054,14056,14058,14060,14062,14064],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,14050,14051],{"class":53},"assigned",[47,14053,736],{"class":77},[47,14055,309],{"class":151},[47,14057,2131],{"class":155},[47,14059,309],{"class":151},[47,14061,13208],{"class":77},[47,14063,13211],{"class":57},[47,14065,1547],{"class":61},[47,14067,14068],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,14069,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,14071,14072,14074,14076,14078,14080,14082,14084,14086],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,14073,99],{"class":98},[47,14075,78],{"class":77},[47,14077,309],{"class":151},[47,14079,13229],{"class":155},[47,14081,309],{"class":151},[47,14083,668],{"class":77},[47,14085,12095],{"class":81},[47,14087,85],{"class":77},[47,14089,14090,14092,14094,14096,14099,14101,14103,14106],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,14091,99],{"class":98},[47,14093,78],{"class":77},[47,14095,309],{"class":151},[47,14097,14098],{"class":155},"Assigned:",[47,14100,309],{"class":151},[47,14102,668],{"class":77},[47,14104,14105],{"class":81}," assigned",[47,14107,85],{"class":77},[47,14109,14110,14112,14114,14116,14118,14120],{"class":49,"line":1734},[47,14111,99],{"class":98},[47,14113,78],{"class":77},[47,14115,12020],{"class":81},[47,14117,353],{"class":3812},[47,14119,14105],{"class":81},[47,14121,85],{"class":77},[20,14123,14124],{},[127,14125,129],{},[38,14127,14129],{"className":40,"code":14128,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Original: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nAssigned: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nTrue\n",[15,14130,14131,14163,14196],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,14132,14133,14135,14137,14139,14141,14143,14145,14147,14149,14151,14153,14155,14157,14159,14161],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,14134,13271],{"class":53},[47,14136,2826],{"class":77},[47,14138,10423],{"class":77},[47,14140,159],{"class":151},[47,14142,2131],{"class":155},[47,14144,159],{"class":151},[47,14146,2826],{"class":77},[47,14148,10129],{"class":61},[47,14150,668],{"class":77},[47,14152,152],{"class":151},[47,14154,11679],{"class":155},[47,14156,159],{"class":151},[47,14158,2826],{"class":77},[47,14160,671],{"class":61},[47,14162,9240],{"class":77},[47,14164,14165,14168,14170,14172,14174,14176,14178,14180,14182,14184,14186,14188,14190,14192,14194],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,14166,14167],{"class":53},"Assigned",[47,14169,2826],{"class":77},[47,14171,10423],{"class":77},[47,14173,159],{"class":151},[47,14175,2131],{"class":155},[47,14177,159],{"class":151},[47,14179,2826],{"class":77},[47,14181,10129],{"class":61},[47,14183,668],{"class":77},[47,14185,152],{"class":151},[47,14187,11679],{"class":155},[47,14189,159],{"class":151},[47,14191,2826],{"class":77},[47,14193,671],{"class":61},[47,14195,9240],{"class":77},[47,14197,14198],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,14199,629],{"class":571},[373,14201,1335,14203],{"id":14202},"using-copy",[15,14204,12710],{},[38,14206,14208],{"className":40,"code":14207,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Copied:\", copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,14209,14210,14242,14257,14261,14280,14284,14302,14322],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,14211,14212,14214,14216,14218,14220,14222,14224,14226,14228,14230,14232,14234,14236,14238,14240],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,14213,12020],{"class":53},[47,14215,58],{"class":57},[47,14217,10423],{"class":77},[47,14219,309],{"class":151},[47,14221,2131],{"class":155},[47,14223,309],{"class":151},[47,14225,2826],{"class":77},[47,14227,5431],{"class":61},[47,14229,668],{"class":77},[47,14231,303],{"class":151},[47,14233,11679],{"class":155},[47,14235,309],{"class":151},[47,14237,2826],{"class":77},[47,14239,671],{"class":61},[47,14241,9240],{"class":77},[47,14243,14244,14247,14249,14251,14253,14255],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,14245,14246],{"class":53},"copied ",[47,14248,58],{"class":57},[47,14250,12095],{"class":53},[47,14252,914],{"class":77},[47,14254,12845],{"class":81},[47,14256,8574],{"class":77},[47,14258,14259],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,14260,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,14262,14263,14266,14268,14270,14272,14274,14276,14278],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,14264,14265],{"class":53},"copied",[47,14267,736],{"class":77},[47,14269,309],{"class":151},[47,14271,2131],{"class":155},[47,14273,309],{"class":151},[47,14275,13208],{"class":77},[47,14277,13211],{"class":57},[47,14279,1547],{"class":61},[47,14281,14282],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,14283,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,14285,14286,14288,14290,14292,14294,14296,14298,14300],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,14287,99],{"class":98},[47,14289,78],{"class":77},[47,14291,309],{"class":151},[47,14293,13229],{"class":155},[47,14295,309],{"class":151},[47,14297,668],{"class":77},[47,14299,12095],{"class":81},[47,14301,85],{"class":77},[47,14303,14304,14306,14308,14310,14313,14315,14317,14320],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,14305,99],{"class":98},[47,14307,78],{"class":77},[47,14309,309],{"class":151},[47,14311,14312],{"class":155},"Copied:",[47,14314,309],{"class":151},[47,14316,668],{"class":77},[47,14318,14319],{"class":81}," copied",[47,14321,85],{"class":77},[47,14323,14324,14326,14328,14330,14332,14334],{"class":49,"line":1734},[47,14325,99],{"class":98},[47,14327,78],{"class":77},[47,14329,12020],{"class":81},[47,14331,353],{"class":3812},[47,14333,14319],{"class":81},[47,14335,85],{"class":77},[20,14337,14338],{},[127,14339,129],{},[38,14341,14343],{"className":40,"code":14342,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Original: {'x': 1, 'y': 2}\nCopied: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,14344,14345,14377,14410],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,14346,14347,14349,14351,14353,14355,14357,14359,14361,14363,14365,14367,14369,14371,14373,14375],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,14348,13271],{"class":53},[47,14350,2826],{"class":77},[47,14352,10423],{"class":77},[47,14354,159],{"class":151},[47,14356,2131],{"class":155},[47,14358,159],{"class":151},[47,14360,2826],{"class":77},[47,14362,5431],{"class":61},[47,14364,668],{"class":77},[47,14366,152],{"class":151},[47,14368,11679],{"class":155},[47,14370,159],{"class":151},[47,14372,2826],{"class":77},[47,14374,671],{"class":61},[47,14376,9240],{"class":77},[47,14378,14379,14382,14384,14386,14388,14390,14392,14394,14396,14398,14400,14402,14404,14406,14408],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,14380,14381],{"class":53},"Copied",[47,14383,2826],{"class":77},[47,14385,10423],{"class":77},[47,14387,159],{"class":151},[47,14389,2131],{"class":155},[47,14391,159],{"class":151},[47,14393,2826],{"class":77},[47,14395,10129],{"class":61},[47,14397,668],{"class":77},[47,14399,152],{"class":151},[47,14401,11679],{"class":155},[47,14403,159],{"class":151},[47,14405,2826],{"class":77},[47,14407,671],{"class":61},[47,14409,9240],{"class":77},[47,14411,14412],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,14413,3976],{"class":571},[20,14415,14416],{},"Summary:",[185,14418,14419,14425],{},[188,14420,14421,14424],{},[15,14422,14423],{},"assigned = original"," → same dictionary",[188,14426,14427,14430],{},[15,14428,14429],{},"copied = original.copy()"," → new dictionary",[33,14432,14434],{"id":14433},"return-value-and-method-behavior","Return value and method behavior",[20,14436,14437,2826],{},[15,14438,12710],{},[185,14440,14441,14444,14447,14450],{},[188,14442,14443],{},"Returns a dictionary",[188,14445,14446],{},"Does not modify the original dictionary",[188,14448,14449],{},"Copies the contents as they are at the time of copying",[188,14451,14452],{},"Keeps later top-level changes separate between the two dictionaries",[20,14454,800],{},[38,14456,14458],{"className":40,"code":14457,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata_copy = data.copy()\n\ndata[\"a\"] = 10\ndata_copy[\"b\"] = 20\n\nprint(\"Original:\", data)\nprint(\"Copy:\", data_copy)\n",[15,14459,14460,14492,14508,14512,14530,14550,14554,14572],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,14461,14462,14464,14466,14468,14470,14472,14474,14476,14478,14480,14482,14484,14486,14488,14490],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,14463,9098],{"class":53},[47,14465,58],{"class":57},[47,14467,10423],{"class":77},[47,14469,309],{"class":151},[47,14471,360],{"class":155},[47,14473,309],{"class":151},[47,14475,2826],{"class":77},[47,14477,5431],{"class":61},[47,14479,668],{"class":77},[47,14481,303],{"class":151},[47,14483,4696],{"class":155},[47,14485,309],{"class":151},[47,14487,2826],{"class":77},[47,14489,671],{"class":61},[47,14491,9240],{"class":77},[47,14493,14494,14497,14499,14502,14504,14506],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,14495,14496],{"class":53},"data_copy ",[47,14498,58],{"class":57},[47,14500,14501],{"class":53}," data",[47,14503,914],{"class":77},[47,14505,12845],{"class":81},[47,14507,8574],{"class":77},[47,14509,14510],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,14511,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,14513,14514,14516,14518,14520,14522,14524,14526,14528],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,14515,9137],{"class":53},[47,14517,736],{"class":77},[47,14519,309],{"class":151},[47,14521,360],{"class":155},[47,14523,309],{"class":151},[47,14525,13208],{"class":77},[47,14527,13211],{"class":57},[47,14529,391],{"class":61},[47,14531,14532,14535,14537,14539,14541,14543,14545,14547],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,14533,14534],{"class":53},"data_copy",[47,14536,736],{"class":77},[47,14538,309],{"class":151},[47,14540,4696],{"class":155},[47,14542,309],{"class":151},[47,14544,13208],{"class":77},[47,14546,13211],{"class":57},[47,14548,14549],{"class":61}," 20\n",[47,14551,14552],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,14553,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,14555,14556,14558,14560,14562,14564,14566,14568,14570],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,14557,99],{"class":98},[47,14559,78],{"class":77},[47,14561,309],{"class":151},[47,14563,13229],{"class":155},[47,14565,309],{"class":151},[47,14567,668],{"class":77},[47,14569,14501],{"class":81},[47,14571,85],{"class":77},[47,14573,14574,14576,14578,14580,14582,14584,14586,14589],{"class":49,"line":1734},[47,14575,99],{"class":98},[47,14577,78],{"class":77},[47,14579,309],{"class":151},[47,14581,13248],{"class":155},[47,14583,309],{"class":151},[47,14585,668],{"class":77},[47,14587,14588],{"class":81}," data_copy",[47,14590,85],{"class":77},[20,14592,14593],{},[127,14594,129],{},[38,14596,14598],{"className":40,"code":14597,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Original: {'a': 10, 'b': 2}\nCopy: {'a': 1, 'b': 20}\n",[15,14599,14600,14632],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,14601,14602,14604,14606,14608,14610,14612,14614,14616,14618,14620,14622,14624,14626,14628,14630],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,14603,13271],{"class":53},[47,14605,2826],{"class":77},[47,14607,10423],{"class":77},[47,14609,159],{"class":151},[47,14611,360],{"class":155},[47,14613,159],{"class":151},[47,14615,2826],{"class":77},[47,14617,5939],{"class":61},[47,14619,668],{"class":77},[47,14621,152],{"class":151},[47,14623,4696],{"class":155},[47,14625,159],{"class":151},[47,14627,2826],{"class":77},[47,14629,671],{"class":61},[47,14631,9240],{"class":77},[47,14633,14634,14636,14638,14640,14642,14644,14646,14648,14650,14652,14654,14656,14658,14660,14662],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,14635,13308],{"class":53},[47,14637,2826],{"class":77},[47,14639,10423],{"class":77},[47,14641,159],{"class":151},[47,14643,360],{"class":155},[47,14645,159],{"class":151},[47,14647,2826],{"class":77},[47,14649,5431],{"class":61},[47,14651,668],{"class":77},[47,14653,152],{"class":151},[47,14655,4696],{"class":155},[47,14657,159],{"class":151},[47,14659,2826],{"class":77},[47,14661,7722],{"class":61},[47,14663,9240],{"class":77},[33,14665,2775],{"id":2774},[20,14667,14668,14669,2826],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into with ",[15,14670,12368],{},[185,14672,14673,14680,14685,14690],{},[188,14674,1335,14675,11025,14677,14679],{},[15,14676,58],{},[15,14678,12710],{}," and expecting an independent dictionary",[188,14681,4514,14682,14684],{},[15,14683,12710],{}," also duplicates nested lists and nested dictionaries",[188,14686,14687,14688],{},"Forgetting to save the return value of ",[15,14689,12710],{},[188,14691,14692],{},"Changing a nested value in the copied dictionary and being surprised that the original also changes",[20,14694,14695],{},"These print statements can help you debug:",[38,14697,14699],{"className":40,"code":14698,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[\"key\"]))\nprint(id(copied[\"key\"]))\n",[15,14700,14701,14711,14721,14735,14758,14781],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,14702,14703,14705,14707,14709],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,14704,99],{"class":98},[47,14706,78],{"class":77},[47,14708,12067],{"class":81},[47,14710,85],{"class":77},[47,14712,14713,14715,14717,14719],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,14714,99],{"class":98},[47,14716,78],{"class":77},[47,14718,14265],{"class":81},[47,14720,85],{"class":77},[47,14722,14723,14725,14727,14729,14731,14733],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,14724,99],{"class":98},[47,14726,78],{"class":77},[47,14728,12020],{"class":81},[47,14730,353],{"class":3812},[47,14732,14319],{"class":81},[47,14734,85],{"class":77},[47,14736,14737,14739,14741,14743,14745,14747,14749,14752,14754,14756],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,14738,99],{"class":98},[47,14740,78],{"class":77},[47,14742,12583],{"class":98},[47,14744,78],{"class":77},[47,14746,12067],{"class":81},[47,14748,9166],{"class":77},[47,14750,14751],{"class":98}," id",[47,14753,78],{"class":77},[47,14755,14265],{"class":81},[47,14757,123],{"class":77},[47,14759,14760,14762,14764,14766,14768,14770,14772,14774,14777,14779],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,14761,99],{"class":98},[47,14763,78],{"class":77},[47,14765,12583],{"class":98},[47,14767,78],{"class":77},[47,14769,12067],{"class":81},[47,14771,736],{"class":77},[47,14773,309],{"class":151},[47,14775,14776],{"class":155},"key",[47,14778,309],{"class":151},[47,14780,2941],{"class":77},[47,14782,14783,14785,14787,14789,14791,14793,14795,14797,14799,14801],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,14784,99],{"class":98},[47,14786,78],{"class":77},[47,14788,12583],{"class":98},[47,14790,78],{"class":77},[47,14792,14265],{"class":81},[47,14794,736],{"class":77},[47,14796,309],{"class":151},[47,14798,14776],{"class":155},[47,14800,309],{"class":151},[47,14802,2941],{"class":77},[20,14804,14805],{},"What these help you check:",[185,14807,14808,14811,14814],{},[188,14809,14810],{},"Whether the dictionaries have the same contents",[188,14812,14813],{},"Whether the two variables point to the same dictionary",[188,14815,14816],{},"Whether a nested value is shared between both dictionaries",[20,14818,14819,14820,914],{},"If you need to copy nested data structures too, you may need a deep copy. A related example is ",[360,14821,14823],{"href":14822},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python","how to copy a list in Python",[33,14825,1762],{"id":1761},[373,14827,1776,14829,14831],{"id":14828},"does-dictcopy-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,14830,12368],{}," change the original dictionary?",[20,14833,14834],{},"No. It returns a new dictionary and leaves the original unchanged.",[373,14836,1806,14838,14840],{"id":14837},"is-dictcopy-a-deep-copy",[15,14839,12368],{}," a deep copy?",[20,14842,14843],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable objects are still shared.",[373,14845,5111,14847,4329,14849,1812],{"id":14846},"what-is-the-difference-between-copy-and",[15,14848,12710],{},[15,14850,58],{},[20,14852,14853,14855,14856,14858],{},[15,14854,12710],{}," creates a new dictionary object. ",[15,14857,58],{}," makes a new variable name pointing to the same dictionary.",[373,14860,14862],{"id":14861},"when-should-i-use-a-deep-copy-instead","When should I use a deep copy instead?",[20,14864,14865],{},"Use a deep copy when your dictionary contains nested mutable objects and you want fully independent copies.",[33,14867,1825],{"id":1824},[185,14869,14870,14874,14878,14882,14889,14895],{},[188,14871,14872],{},[360,14873,11176],{"href":12960},[188,14875,14876],{},[360,14877,9088],{"href":12957},[188,14879,14880],{},[360,14881,13726],{"href":13725},[188,14883,14884],{},[360,14885,10669,14886,10673],{"href":13968},[15,14887,14888],{},"update()",[188,14890,14891],{},[360,14892,10669,14893,10673],{"href":12757},[15,14894,11255],{},[188,14896,14897],{},[360,14898,14899],{"href":14822},"How to copy a list in Python",[1875,14901,14902],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":65,"depth":65,"links":14904},[14905,14906,14908,14909,14910,14911,14913,14919,14920,14921,14930],{"id":35,"depth":65,"text":36},{"id":12929,"depth":65,"text":14907},"What the copy() method does",{"id":244,"depth":65,"text":245},{"id":11408,"depth":65,"text":11409},{"id":13368,"depth":65,"text":13369},{"id":13729,"depth":65,"text":14912},"When to use copy()",{"id":13978,"depth":65,"text":14914,"children":14915},"copy() vs assignment",[14916,14917],{"id":13995,"depth":88,"text":13996},{"id":14202,"depth":88,"text":14918},"Using copy()",{"id":14433,"depth":65,"text":14434},{"id":2774,"depth":65,"text":2775},{"id":1761,"depth":65,"text":1762,"children":14922},[14923,14925,14927,14929],{"id":14828,"depth":88,"text":14924},"Does dict.copy() change the original dictionary?",{"id":14837,"depth":88,"text":14926},"Is dict.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":14846,"depth":88,"text":14928},"What is the difference between copy() and =?",{"id":14861,"depth":88,"text":14862},{"id":1824,"depth":65,"text":1825},"Master python dictionary copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method",{"title":12763,"description":14931},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method","b4gPFp73mvuYzt0UIHo5udng8ybOHeuBHmfXr7S8Gq0",{"id":14938,"title":14939,"body":14940,"description":17139,"extension":1922,"meta":17140,"navigation":91,"path":12960,"seo":17141,"stem":17142,"__hash__":17143},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary.md","Python Dictionary: Creating a Dictionary",{"type":7,"value":14941,"toc":17101},[14942,14945,14951,14960,14962,15038,15042,15091,15094,15098,15112,15115,15119,15132,15135,15168,15182,15185,15197,15201,15204,15212,15292,15296,15349,15353,15371,15373,15455,15458,15460,15463,15466,15489,15513,15517,15525,15528,15532,15541,15546,15604,15608,15641,15647,15653,15656,15711,15715,15765,15768,15774,15777,15785,15787,15832,15837,15846,15849,15852,15899,15901,15906,15909,16003,16007,16060,16063,16119,16122,16126,16129,16143,16147,16213,16217,16242,16245,16249,16327,16331,16334,16337,16357,16360,16413,16417,16420,16423,16436,16438,16527,16534,16537,16548,16550,16553,16573,16577,16580,16589,16592,16631,16635,16637,16646,16655,16657,16695,16699,16746,16750,16771,16775,16778,16890,16895,16993,17015,17017,17021,17028,17032,17038,17042,17045,17049,17052,17059,17067,17069,17095,17098],[10,14943,14939],{"id":14944},"python-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[20,14946,14947,14948,14950],{},"A dictionary in Python stores data as ",[127,14949,9064],{},". This page shows the main ways to create a dictionary, the basic syntax, and a few common beginner mistakes to avoid.",[20,14952,14953,14954,1389,14956,914],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, you may also want to read ",[360,14955,9088],{"href":9087},[360,14957,14959],{"href":14958},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","what is a dictionary in Python",[33,14961,36],{"id":35},[38,14963,14965],{"className":40,"code":14964,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"is_active\": True\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,14966,14967,14975,14993,15007,15020,15024,15028],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,14968,14969,14971,14973],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,14970,12797],{"class":53},[47,14972,58],{"class":57},[47,14974,11427],{"class":77},[47,14976,14977,14979,14981,14983,14985,14987,14989,14991],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,14978,11432],{"class":151},[47,14980,7601],{"class":155},[47,14982,309],{"class":151},[47,14984,2826],{"class":77},[47,14986,303],{"class":151},[47,14988,12814],{"class":155},[47,14990,309],{"class":151},[47,14992,11447],{"class":77},[47,14994,14995,14997,14999,15001,15003,15005],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,14996,11432],{"class":151},[47,14998,82],{"class":155},[47,15000,309],{"class":151},[47,15002,2826],{"class":77},[47,15004,7722],{"class":61},[47,15006,11447],{"class":77},[47,15008,15009,15011,15014,15016,15018],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,15010,11432],{"class":151},[47,15012,15013],{"class":155},"is_active",[47,15015,309],{"class":151},[47,15017,2826],{"class":77},[47,15019,572],{"class":571},[47,15021,15022],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,15023,9240],{"class":77},[47,15025,15026],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,15027,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,15029,15030,15032,15034,15036],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,15031,99],{"class":98},[47,15033,78],{"class":77},[47,15035,13561],{"class":81},[47,15037,85],{"class":77},[20,15039,15040],{},[127,15041,129],{},[38,15043,15045],{"className":40,"code":15044,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'is_active': True}\n",[15,15046,15047],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,15048,15049,15051,15053,15055,15057,15059,15061,15063,15065,15067,15069,15071,15073,15075,15077,15079,15081,15083,15085,15087,15089],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,15050,9211],{"class":77},[47,15052,159],{"class":151},[47,15054,7601],{"class":155},[47,15056,159],{"class":151},[47,15058,2826],{"class":77},[47,15060,152],{"class":151},[47,15062,12814],{"class":155},[47,15064,159],{"class":151},[47,15066,668],{"class":77},[47,15068,152],{"class":151},[47,15070,82],{"class":155},[47,15072,159],{"class":151},[47,15074,2826],{"class":77},[47,15076,7722],{"class":61},[47,15078,668],{"class":77},[47,15080,152],{"class":151},[47,15082,15013],{"class":155},[47,15084,159],{"class":151},[47,15086,2826],{"class":77},[47,15088,3852],{"class":571},[47,15090,9240],{"class":77},[20,15092,15093],{},"Use curly braces with key-value pairs separated by commas. Keys and values are joined with a colon.",[33,15095,15097],{"id":15096},"what-this-page-covers","What this page covers",[185,15099,15100,15103,15106,15109],{},[188,15101,15102],{},"What a dictionary is",[188,15104,15105],{},"The basic syntax for creating one",[188,15107,15108],{},"Common ways to make a dictionary",[188,15110,15111],{},"Beginner mistakes to avoid",[33,15113,15102],{"id":15114},"what-a-dictionary-is",[20,15116,9061,15117,914],{},[127,15118,9064],{},[185,15120,15121,15127],{},[188,15122,15123,15124,15126],{},"A ",[127,15125,14776],{}," is the label",[188,15128,15123,15129,15131],{},[127,15130,585],{}," is the data connected to that label",[20,15133,15134],{},"For example, in this dictionary:",[38,15136,15138],{"className":40,"code":15137,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\"\n}\n",[15,15139,15140,15148,15164],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,15141,15142,15144,15146],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,15143,12797],{"class":53},[47,15145,58],{"class":57},[47,15147,11427],{"class":77},[47,15149,15150,15152,15154,15156,15158,15160,15162],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,15151,11432],{"class":151},[47,15153,7601],{"class":155},[47,15155,309],{"class":151},[47,15157,2826],{"class":77},[47,15159,303],{"class":151},[47,15161,12814],{"class":155},[47,15163,820],{"class":151},[47,15165,15166],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,15167,9240],{"class":77},[185,15169,15170,15176],{},[188,15171,15172,15175],{},[15,15173,15174],{},"\"name\""," is the key",[188,15177,15178,15181],{},[15,15179,15180],{},"\"Ana\""," is the value",[20,15183,15184],{},"Dictionaries are useful when your data has labels, such as:",[185,15186,15187,15189,15191,15194],{},[188,15188,7601],{},[188,15190,82],{},[188,15192,15193],{},"email",[188,15195,15196],{},"country",[33,15198,15200],{"id":15199},"create-a-dictionary-with-curly-braces","Create a dictionary with curly braces",[20,15202,15203],{},"This is the most common way to create a dictionary.",[20,15205,165,15206,15208,15209,914],{},[15,15207,3727],{}," and write each item as ",[15,15210,15211],{},"key: value",[38,15213,15215],{"className":40,"code":15214,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"course\": \"Python\"\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,15216,15217,15225,15243,15257,15274,15278,15282],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,15218,15219,15221,15223],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,15220,12797],{"class":53},[47,15222,58],{"class":57},[47,15224,11427],{"class":77},[47,15226,15227,15229,15231,15233,15235,15237,15239,15241],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,15228,11432],{"class":151},[47,15230,7601],{"class":155},[47,15232,309],{"class":151},[47,15234,2826],{"class":77},[47,15236,303],{"class":151},[47,15238,12814],{"class":155},[47,15240,309],{"class":151},[47,15242,11447],{"class":77},[47,15244,15245,15247,15249,15251,15253,15255],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,15246,11432],{"class":151},[47,15248,82],{"class":155},[47,15250,309],{"class":151},[47,15252,2826],{"class":77},[47,15254,7722],{"class":61},[47,15256,11447],{"class":77},[47,15258,15259,15261,15264,15266,15268,15270,15272],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,15260,11432],{"class":151},[47,15262,15263],{"class":155},"course",[47,15265,309],{"class":151},[47,15267,2826],{"class":77},[47,15269,303],{"class":151},[47,15271,7229],{"class":155},[47,15273,820],{"class":151},[47,15275,15276],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,15277,9240],{"class":77},[47,15279,15280],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,15281,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,15283,15284,15286,15288,15290],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,15285,99],{"class":98},[47,15287,78],{"class":77},[47,15289,13561],{"class":81},[47,15291,85],{"class":77},[20,15293,15294],{},[127,15295,129],{},[38,15297,15299],{"className":40,"code":15298,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'course': 'Python'}\n",[15,15300,15301],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,15302,15303,15305,15307,15309,15311,15313,15315,15317,15319,15321,15323,15325,15327,15329,15331,15333,15335,15337,15339,15341,15343,15345,15347],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,15304,9211],{"class":77},[47,15306,159],{"class":151},[47,15308,7601],{"class":155},[47,15310,159],{"class":151},[47,15312,2826],{"class":77},[47,15314,152],{"class":151},[47,15316,12814],{"class":155},[47,15318,159],{"class":151},[47,15320,668],{"class":77},[47,15322,152],{"class":151},[47,15324,82],{"class":155},[47,15326,159],{"class":151},[47,15328,2826],{"class":77},[47,15330,7722],{"class":61},[47,15332,668],{"class":77},[47,15334,152],{"class":151},[47,15336,15263],{"class":155},[47,15338,159],{"class":151},[47,15340,2826],{"class":77},[47,15342,152],{"class":151},[47,15344,7229],{"class":155},[47,15346,159],{"class":151},[47,15348,9240],{"class":77},[373,15350,15352],{"id":15351},"syntax-rules","Syntax rules",[185,15354,15355,15360,15365,15368],{},[188,15356,165,15357,15359],{},[15,15358,3727],{}," to start and end the dictionary",[188,15361,15362,15363],{},"Write each item as ",[15,15364,15211],{},[188,15366,15367],{},"Separate items with commas",[188,15369,15370],{},"String keys are usually written in quotes",[20,15372,800],{},[38,15374,15376],{"className":40,"code":15375,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"book = {\n    \"title\": \"Python Basics\",\n    \"pages\": 150,\n    \"available\": True\n}\n\nprint(book)\n",[15,15377,15378,15387,15407,15423,15436,15440,15444],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,15379,15380,15383,15385],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,15381,15382],{"class":53},"book ",[47,15384,58],{"class":57},[47,15386,11427],{"class":77},[47,15388,15389,15391,15394,15396,15398,15400,15403,15405],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,15390,11432],{"class":151},[47,15392,15393],{"class":155},"title",[47,15395,309],{"class":151},[47,15397,2826],{"class":77},[47,15399,303],{"class":151},[47,15401,15402],{"class":155},"Python Basics",[47,15404,309],{"class":151},[47,15406,11447],{"class":77},[47,15408,15409,15411,15414,15416,15418,15421],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,15410,11432],{"class":151},[47,15412,15413],{"class":155},"pages",[47,15415,309],{"class":151},[47,15417,2826],{"class":77},[47,15419,15420],{"class":61}," 150",[47,15422,11447],{"class":77},[47,15424,15425,15427,15430,15432,15434],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,15426,11432],{"class":151},[47,15428,15429],{"class":155},"available",[47,15431,309],{"class":151},[47,15433,2826],{"class":77},[47,15435,572],{"class":571},[47,15437,15438],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,15439,9240],{"class":77},[47,15441,15442],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,15443,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,15445,15446,15448,15450,15453],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,15447,99],{"class":98},[47,15449,78],{"class":77},[47,15451,15452],{"class":81},"book",[47,15454,85],{"class":77},[20,15456,15457],{},"This style is best when you already know the keys and values you want to add.",[33,15459,9334],{"id":9333},[20,15461,15462],{},"Sometimes you want to start with an empty dictionary and add items later.",[20,15464,15465],{},"You can create an empty dictionary in two ways:",[38,15467,15469],{"className":40,"code":15468,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {}\nprint(data)\n",[15,15470,15471,15479],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,15472,15473,15475,15477],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,15474,9098],{"class":53},[47,15476,58],{"class":57},[47,15478,9770],{"class":77},[47,15480,15481,15483,15485,15487],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,15482,99],{"class":98},[47,15484,78],{"class":77},[47,15486,9137],{"class":81},[47,15488,85],{"class":77},[38,15490,15491],{"className":40,"code":9337,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,15492,15493,15503],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,15494,15495,15497,15499,15501],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,15496,9098],{"class":53},[47,15498,58],{"class":57},[47,15500,9103],{"class":73},[47,15502,8574],{"class":77},[47,15504,15505,15507,15509,15511],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,15506,99],{"class":98},[47,15508,78],{"class":77},[47,15510,9137],{"class":81},[47,15512,85],{"class":77},[20,15514,15515],{},[127,15516,129],{},[38,15518,15519],{"className":40,"code":9366,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,15520,15521],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,15522,15523],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,15524,9366],{"class":77},[20,15526,15527],{},"Both are correct.",[373,15529,15531],{"id":15530},"important-beginner-note","Important beginner note",[20,15533,15534,15536,15537,15540],{},[15,15535,3727],{}," creates an empty ",[127,15538,15539],{},"dictionary",", not an empty set.",[20,15542,15543,15544,914],{},"If you want an empty set, you must use ",[15,15545,3732],{},[38,15547,15549],{"className":40,"code":15548,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_dict = {}\nmy_set = set()\n\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(type(my_set))\n",[15,15550,15551,15559,15571,15575,15589],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,15552,15553,15555,15557],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,15554,11658],{"class":53},[47,15556,58],{"class":57},[47,15558,9770],{"class":77},[47,15560,15561,15564,15566,15569],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,15562,15563],{"class":53},"my_set ",[47,15565,58],{"class":57},[47,15567,15568],{"class":73}," set",[47,15570,8574],{"class":77},[47,15572,15573],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,15574,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,15576,15577,15579,15581,15583,15585,15587],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,15578,99],{"class":98},[47,15580,78],{"class":77},[47,15582,116],{"class":73},[47,15584,78],{"class":77},[47,15586,11384],{"class":81},[47,15588,123],{"class":77},[47,15590,15591,15593,15595,15597,15599,15602],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,15592,99],{"class":98},[47,15594,78],{"class":77},[47,15596,116],{"class":73},[47,15598,78],{"class":77},[47,15600,15601],{"class":81},"my_set",[47,15603,123],{"class":77},[20,15605,15606],{},[127,15607,129],{},[38,15609,15611],{"className":40,"code":15610,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,15612,15613,15627],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,15614,15615,15617,15619,15621,15623,15625],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,15616,144],{"class":57},[47,15618,148],{"class":147},[47,15620,152],{"class":151},[47,15622,8753],{"class":155},[47,15624,159],{"class":151},[47,15626,162],{"class":57},[47,15628,15629,15631,15633,15635,15637,15639],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,15630,144],{"class":57},[47,15632,148],{"class":147},[47,15634,152],{"class":151},[47,15636,6222],{"class":155},[47,15638,159],{"class":151},[47,15640,162],{"class":57},[33,15642,15644,15645],{"id":15643},"create-a-dictionary-with-dict","Create a dictionary with ",[15,15646,9052],{},[20,15648,15649,15650,15652],{},"You can also use ",[15,15651,9052],{}," to create a dictionary.",[20,15654,15655],{},"One simple way is with keyword arguments:",[38,15657,15659],{"className":40,"code":15658,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = dict(name=\"Ana\", age=20, active=True)\nprint(student)\n",[15,15660,15661,15701],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,15662,15663,15665,15667,15669,15671,15673,15675,15677,15679,15681,15683,15685,15687,15690,15692,15695,15697,15699],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,15664,12797],{"class":53},[47,15666,58],{"class":57},[47,15668,9103],{"class":73},[47,15670,78],{"class":77},[47,15672,7601],{"class":9108},[47,15674,58],{"class":57},[47,15676,309],{"class":151},[47,15678,12814],{"class":155},[47,15680,309],{"class":151},[47,15682,668],{"class":77},[47,15684,9121],{"class":9108},[47,15686,58],{"class":57},[47,15688,15689],{"class":61},"20",[47,15691,668],{"class":77},[47,15693,15694],{"class":9108}," active",[47,15696,58],{"class":57},[47,15698,212],{"class":571},[47,15700,85],{"class":77},[47,15702,15703,15705,15707,15709],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,15704,99],{"class":98},[47,15706,78],{"class":77},[47,15708,13561],{"class":81},[47,15710,85],{"class":77},[20,15712,15713],{},[127,15714,129],{},[38,15716,15718],{"className":40,"code":15717,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'active': True}\n",[15,15719,15720],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,15721,15722,15724,15726,15728,15730,15732,15734,15736,15738,15740,15742,15744,15746,15748,15750,15752,15754,15757,15759,15761,15763],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,15723,9211],{"class":77},[47,15725,159],{"class":151},[47,15727,7601],{"class":155},[47,15729,159],{"class":151},[47,15731,2826],{"class":77},[47,15733,152],{"class":151},[47,15735,12814],{"class":155},[47,15737,159],{"class":151},[47,15739,668],{"class":77},[47,15741,152],{"class":151},[47,15743,82],{"class":155},[47,15745,159],{"class":151},[47,15747,2826],{"class":77},[47,15749,7722],{"class":61},[47,15751,668],{"class":77},[47,15753,152],{"class":151},[47,15755,15756],{"class":155},"active",[47,15758,159],{"class":151},[47,15760,2826],{"class":77},[47,15762,3852],{"class":571},[47,15764,9240],{"class":77},[20,15766,15767],{},"This can be easy to read for small dictionaries.",[373,15769,15771,15772],{"id":15770},"important-rule-for-dict","Important rule for ",[15,15773,9052],{},[20,15775,15776],{},"When using keyword arguments:",[185,15778,15779,15782],{},[188,15780,15781],{},"keys must be valid Python names",[188,15783,15784],{},"you do not put quotes around the keys",[20,15786,1275],{},[38,15788,15790],{"className":40,"code":15789,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"user = dict(name=\"Sam\", age=25)\nprint(user)\n",[15,15791,15792,15822],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,15793,15794,15796,15798,15800,15802,15804,15806,15808,15810,15812,15814,15816,15818,15820],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,15795,11422],{"class":53},[47,15797,58],{"class":57},[47,15799,9103],{"class":73},[47,15801,78],{"class":77},[47,15803,7601],{"class":9108},[47,15805,58],{"class":57},[47,15807,309],{"class":151},[47,15809,7610],{"class":155},[47,15811,309],{"class":151},[47,15813,668],{"class":77},[47,15815,9121],{"class":9108},[47,15817,58],{"class":57},[47,15819,9126],{"class":61},[47,15821,85],{"class":77},[47,15823,15824,15826,15828,15830],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,15825,99],{"class":98},[47,15827,78],{"class":77},[47,15829,11515],{"class":81},[47,15831,85],{"class":77},[20,15833,4563,15834,15836],{},[127,15835,768],{}," work as keyword syntax:",[38,15838,15840],{"className":40,"code":15839,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# dict(first-name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,15841,15842],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,15843,15844],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,15845,15839],{"class":1378},[20,15847,15848],{},"That key is not a valid Python name because it contains a hyphen.",[20,15850,15851],{},"If your keys are not valid Python names, use curly braces instead:",[38,15853,15855],{"className":40,"code":15854,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"user = {\n    \"first-name\": \"Sam\"\n}\n\nprint(user)\n",[15,15856,15857,15865,15881,15885,15889],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,15858,15859,15861,15863],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,15860,11422],{"class":53},[47,15862,58],{"class":57},[47,15864,11427],{"class":77},[47,15866,15867,15869,15871,15873,15875,15877,15879],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,15868,11432],{"class":151},[47,15870,10428],{"class":155},[47,15872,309],{"class":151},[47,15874,2826],{"class":77},[47,15876,303],{"class":151},[47,15878,7610],{"class":155},[47,15880,820],{"class":151},[47,15882,15883],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,15884,9240],{"class":77},[47,15886,15887],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,15888,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,15890,15891,15893,15895,15897],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,15892,99],{"class":98},[47,15894,78],{"class":77},[47,15896,11515],{"class":81},[47,15898,85],{"class":77},[33,15900,9376],{"id":9375},[20,15902,15903,15905],{},[15,15904,9052],{}," can also build a dictionary from key-value pairs.",[20,15907,15908],{},"This is useful when your data already exists as pairs, such as a list of tuples.",[38,15910,15912],{"className":40,"code":15911,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"pairs = [(\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20), (\"city\", \"Lima\")]\n\nstudent = dict(pairs)\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,15913,15914,15971,15975,15989,15993],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,15915,15916,15918,15920,15922,15924,15926,15928,15930,15932,15934,15936,15938,15940,15942,15944,15946,15948,15950,15952,15954,15956,15958,15960,15962,15964,15967,15969],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,15917,9148],{"class":53},[47,15919,58],{"class":57},[47,15921,9153],{"class":77},[47,15923,309],{"class":151},[47,15925,7601],{"class":155},[47,15927,309],{"class":151},[47,15929,668],{"class":77},[47,15931,303],{"class":151},[47,15933,12814],{"class":155},[47,15935,309],{"class":151},[47,15937,9166],{"class":77},[47,15939,9169],{"class":77},[47,15941,309],{"class":151},[47,15943,82],{"class":155},[47,15945,309],{"class":151},[47,15947,668],{"class":77},[47,15949,7722],{"class":61},[47,15951,9166],{"class":77},[47,15953,9169],{"class":77},[47,15955,309],{"class":151},[47,15957,10341],{"class":155},[47,15959,309],{"class":151},[47,15961,668],{"class":77},[47,15963,303],{"class":151},[47,15965,15966],{"class":155},"Lima",[47,15968,309],{"class":151},[47,15970,9182],{"class":77},[47,15972,15973],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,15974,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,15976,15977,15979,15981,15983,15985,15987],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,15978,12797],{"class":53},[47,15980,58],{"class":57},[47,15982,9103],{"class":73},[47,15984,78],{"class":77},[47,15986,9195],{"class":81},[47,15988,85],{"class":77},[47,15990,15991],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,15992,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,15994,15995,15997,15999,16001],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,15996,99],{"class":98},[47,15998,78],{"class":77},[47,16000,13561],{"class":81},[47,16002,85],{"class":77},[20,16004,16005],{},[127,16006,129],{},[38,16008,16010],{"className":40,"code":16009,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,16011,16012],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,16013,16014,16016,16018,16020,16022,16024,16026,16028,16030,16032,16034,16036,16038,16040,16042,16044,16046,16048,16050,16052,16054,16056,16058],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16015,9211],{"class":77},[47,16017,159],{"class":151},[47,16019,7601],{"class":155},[47,16021,159],{"class":151},[47,16023,2826],{"class":77},[47,16025,152],{"class":151},[47,16027,12814],{"class":155},[47,16029,159],{"class":151},[47,16031,668],{"class":77},[47,16033,152],{"class":151},[47,16035,82],{"class":155},[47,16037,159],{"class":151},[47,16039,2826],{"class":77},[47,16041,7722],{"class":61},[47,16043,668],{"class":77},[47,16045,152],{"class":151},[47,16047,10341],{"class":155},[47,16049,159],{"class":151},[47,16051,2826],{"class":77},[47,16053,152],{"class":151},[47,16055,15966],{"class":155},[47,16057,159],{"class":151},[47,16059,9240],{"class":77},[20,16061,16062],{},"You can also use tuples directly:",[38,16064,16066],{"className":40,"code":16065,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = dict(((\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20)))\nprint(student)\n",[15,16067,16068,16109],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,16069,16070,16072,16074,16076,16079,16081,16083,16085,16087,16089,16091,16093,16095,16097,16099,16101,16103,16105,16107],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16071,12797],{"class":53},[47,16073,58],{"class":57},[47,16075,9103],{"class":73},[47,16077,16078],{"class":77},"(((",[47,16080,309],{"class":151},[47,16082,7601],{"class":155},[47,16084,309],{"class":151},[47,16086,668],{"class":77},[47,16088,303],{"class":151},[47,16090,12814],{"class":155},[47,16092,309],{"class":151},[47,16094,9166],{"class":77},[47,16096,9169],{"class":77},[47,16098,309],{"class":151},[47,16100,82],{"class":155},[47,16102,309],{"class":151},[47,16104,668],{"class":77},[47,16106,7722],{"class":61},[47,16108,2854],{"class":77},[47,16110,16111,16113,16115,16117],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,16112,99],{"class":98},[47,16114,78],{"class":77},[47,16116,13561],{"class":81},[47,16118,85],{"class":77},[20,16120,16121],{},"This approach is helpful when you receive data in pair form and want to turn it into a dictionary.",[33,16123,16125],{"id":16124},"rules-beginners-should-know","Rules beginners should know",[20,16127,16128],{},"Here are a few important dictionary rules:",[185,16130,16131,16134,16137,16140],{},[188,16132,16133],{},"Keys must be unique",[188,16135,16136],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value replaces earlier ones",[188,16138,16139],{},"Values can repeat",[188,16141,16142],{},"Keys are often strings, but other immutable types can also be keys",[373,16144,16146],{"id":16145},"duplicate-key-example","Duplicate key example",[38,16148,16150],{"className":40,"code":16149,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"name\": \"Maria\"\n}\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,16151,16152,16160,16178,16195,16199,16203],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,16153,16154,16156,16158],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16155,9098],{"class":53},[47,16157,58],{"class":57},[47,16159,11427],{"class":77},[47,16161,16162,16164,16166,16168,16170,16172,16174,16176],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,16163,11432],{"class":151},[47,16165,7601],{"class":155},[47,16167,309],{"class":151},[47,16169,2826],{"class":77},[47,16171,303],{"class":151},[47,16173,12814],{"class":155},[47,16175,309],{"class":151},[47,16177,11447],{"class":77},[47,16179,16180,16182,16184,16186,16188,16190,16193],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,16181,11432],{"class":151},[47,16183,7601],{"class":155},[47,16185,309],{"class":151},[47,16187,2826],{"class":77},[47,16189,303],{"class":151},[47,16191,16192],{"class":155},"Maria",[47,16194,820],{"class":151},[47,16196,16197],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,16198,9240],{"class":77},[47,16200,16201],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,16202,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,16204,16205,16207,16209,16211],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,16206,99],{"class":98},[47,16208,78],{"class":77},[47,16210,9137],{"class":81},[47,16212,85],{"class":77},[20,16214,16215],{},[127,16216,129],{},[38,16218,16220],{"className":40,"code":16219,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'name': 'Maria'}\n",[15,16221,16222],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,16223,16224,16226,16228,16230,16232,16234,16236,16238,16240],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16225,9211],{"class":77},[47,16227,159],{"class":151},[47,16229,7601],{"class":155},[47,16231,159],{"class":151},[47,16233,2826],{"class":77},[47,16235,152],{"class":151},[47,16237,16192],{"class":155},[47,16239,159],{"class":151},[47,16241,9240],{"class":77},[20,16243,16244],{},"Only the last value is kept.",[373,16246,16248],{"id":16247},"keys-can-be-numbers-too","Keys can be numbers too",[38,16250,16252],{"className":40,"code":16251,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"scores = {\n    1: \"low\",\n    2: \"medium\",\n    3: \"high\"\n}\n\nprint(scores)\n",[15,16253,16254,16262,16278,16294,16308,16312,16316],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,16255,16256,16258,16260],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16257,4998],{"class":53},[47,16259,58],{"class":57},[47,16261,11427],{"class":77},[47,16263,16264,16267,16269,16271,16274,16276],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,16265,16266],{"class":61},"    1",[47,16268,2826],{"class":77},[47,16270,303],{"class":151},[47,16272,16273],{"class":155},"low",[47,16275,309],{"class":151},[47,16277,11447],{"class":77},[47,16279,16280,16283,16285,16287,16290,16292],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,16281,16282],{"class":61},"    2",[47,16284,2826],{"class":77},[47,16286,303],{"class":151},[47,16288,16289],{"class":155},"medium",[47,16291,309],{"class":151},[47,16293,11447],{"class":77},[47,16295,16296,16299,16301,16303,16306],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,16297,16298],{"class":61},"    3",[47,16300,2826],{"class":77},[47,16302,303],{"class":151},[47,16304,16305],{"class":155},"high",[47,16307,820],{"class":151},[47,16309,16310],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,16311,9240],{"class":77},[47,16313,16314],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,16315,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,16317,16318,16320,16322,16325],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,16319,99],{"class":98},[47,16321,78],{"class":77},[47,16323,16324],{"class":81},"scores",[47,16326,85],{"class":77},[373,16328,16330],{"id":16329},"mutable-types-cannot-be-keys","Mutable types cannot be keys",[20,16332,16333],{},"A list cannot be a dictionary key because lists are mutable.",[20,16335,16336],{},"This will cause an error:",[38,16338,16340],{"className":40,"code":16339,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# bad = {\n#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n# }\n",[15,16341,16342,16347,16352],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,16343,16344],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16345,16346],{"class":1378},"# bad = {\n",[47,16348,16349],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,16350,16351],{"class":1378},"#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n",[47,16353,16354],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,16355,16356],{"class":1378},"# }\n",[20,16358,16359],{},"But a tuple can be used as a key because tuples are immutable:",[38,16361,16363],{"className":40,"code":16362,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"good = {\n    (1, 2): \"numbers\"\n}\n\nprint(good)\n",[15,16364,16365,16374,16394,16398,16402],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,16366,16367,16370,16372],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16368,16369],{"class":53},"good ",[47,16371,58],{"class":57},[47,16373,11427],{"class":77},[47,16375,16376,16379,16381,16383,16385,16388,16390,16392],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,16377,16378],{"class":77},"    (",[47,16380,665],{"class":61},[47,16382,668],{"class":77},[47,16384,671],{"class":61},[47,16386,16387],{"class":77},"):",[47,16389,303],{"class":151},[47,16391,3584],{"class":155},[47,16393,820],{"class":151},[47,16395,16396],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,16397,9240],{"class":77},[47,16399,16400],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,16401,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,16403,16404,16406,16408,16411],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,16405,99],{"class":98},[47,16407,78],{"class":77},[47,16409,16410],{"class":81},"good",[47,16412,85],{"class":77},[33,16414,16416],{"id":16415},"when-to-use-a-dictionary","When to use a dictionary",[20,16418,16419],{},"Use a dictionary when each value has a label.",[20,16421,16422],{},"Dictionaries are a good choice for:",[185,16424,16425,16428,16430,16433],{},[188,16426,16427],{},"user data",[188,16429,13820],{},[188,16431,16432],{},"counters",[188,16434,16435],{},"lookups",[20,16437,800],{},[38,16439,16441],{"className":40,"code":16440,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"user = {\n    \"username\": \"ana123\",\n    \"email\": \"ana@example.com\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\nprint(user[\"email\"])\n",[15,16442,16443,16451,16470,16489,16501,16505,16509],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,16444,16445,16447,16449],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16446,11422],{"class":53},[47,16448,58],{"class":57},[47,16450,11427],{"class":77},[47,16452,16453,16455,16457,16459,16461,16463,16466,16468],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,16454,11432],{"class":151},[47,16456,7916],{"class":155},[47,16458,309],{"class":151},[47,16460,2826],{"class":77},[47,16462,303],{"class":151},[47,16464,16465],{"class":155},"ana123",[47,16467,309],{"class":151},[47,16469,11447],{"class":77},[47,16471,16472,16474,16476,16478,16480,16482,16485,16487],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,16473,11432],{"class":151},[47,16475,15193],{"class":155},[47,16477,309],{"class":151},[47,16479,2826],{"class":77},[47,16481,303],{"class":151},[47,16483,16484],{"class":155},"ana@example.com",[47,16486,309],{"class":151},[47,16488,11447],{"class":77},[47,16490,16491,16493,16495,16497,16499],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,16492,11432],{"class":151},[47,16494,12448],{"class":155},[47,16496,309],{"class":151},[47,16498,2826],{"class":77},[47,16500,572],{"class":571},[47,16502,16503],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,16504,9240],{"class":77},[47,16506,16507],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,16508,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,16510,16511,16513,16515,16517,16519,16521,16523,16525],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,16512,99],{"class":98},[47,16514,78],{"class":77},[47,16516,11515],{"class":81},[47,16518,736],{"class":77},[47,16520,309],{"class":151},[47,16522,15193],{"class":155},[47,16524,309],{"class":151},[47,16526,3825],{"class":77},[20,16528,16529,16530,914],{},"If you want to learn how to read values from a dictionary, see ",[360,16531,16533],{"href":16532},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-access-values-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to access values in a dictionary in Python",[20,16535,16536],{},"A list is usually a better choice when:",[185,16538,16539,16542,16545],{},[188,16540,16541],{},"labels are not needed",[188,16543,16544],{},"you mostly care about position",[188,16546,16547],{},"order matters more than named fields",[33,16549,2775],{"id":2774},[20,16551,16552],{},"Beginners often make these mistakes when creating dictionaries:",[185,16554,16555,16558,16561,16564,16567],{},[188,16556,16557],{},"Using commas instead of colons between keys and values",[188,16559,16560],{},"Forgetting quotes around string keys when needed",[188,16562,16563],{},"Repeating the same key and expecting both values to stay",[188,16565,16566],{},"Using a mutable type like a list as a dictionary key",[188,16568,16569,16570,16572],{},"Mixing up ",[15,16571,3727],{}," for dictionaries and sets",[373,16574,16576],{"id":16575},"mistake-using-a-comma-instead-of-a-colon","Mistake: using a comma instead of a colon",[20,16578,16579],{},"Wrong:",[38,16581,16583],{"className":40,"code":16582,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# student = {\"name\", \"Ana\"}\n",[15,16584,16585],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,16586,16587],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16588,16582],{"class":1378},[20,16590,16591],{},"Correct:",[38,16593,16595],{"className":40,"code":16594,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student)\n",[15,16596,16597,16621],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,16598,16599,16601,16603,16605,16607,16609,16611,16613,16615,16617,16619],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16600,12797],{"class":53},[47,16602,58],{"class":57},[47,16604,10423],{"class":77},[47,16606,309],{"class":151},[47,16608,7601],{"class":155},[47,16610,309],{"class":151},[47,16612,2826],{"class":77},[47,16614,303],{"class":151},[47,16616,12814],{"class":155},[47,16618,309],{"class":151},[47,16620,9240],{"class":77},[47,16622,16623,16625,16627,16629],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,16624,99],{"class":98},[47,16626,78],{"class":77},[47,16628,13561],{"class":81},[47,16630,85],{"class":77},[373,16632,16634],{"id":16633},"mistake-forgetting-quotes-around-a-string-key","Mistake: forgetting quotes around a string key",[20,16636,16579],{},[38,16638,16640],{"className":40,"code":16639,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# student = {name: \"Ana\"}\n",[15,16641,16642],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,16643,16644],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16645,16639],{"class":1378},[20,16647,16648,16649,16651,16652,16654],{},"This only works if ",[15,16650,7601],{}," is already a variable. If you want the key to be the text ",[15,16653,15174],{},", use quotes.",[20,16656,16591],{},[38,16658,16659],{"className":40,"code":16594,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,16660,16661,16685],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,16662,16663,16665,16667,16669,16671,16673,16675,16677,16679,16681,16683],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16664,12797],{"class":53},[47,16666,58],{"class":57},[47,16668,10423],{"class":77},[47,16670,309],{"class":151},[47,16672,7601],{"class":155},[47,16674,309],{"class":151},[47,16676,2826],{"class":77},[47,16678,303],{"class":151},[47,16680,12814],{"class":155},[47,16682,309],{"class":151},[47,16684,9240],{"class":77},[47,16686,16687,16689,16691,16693],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,16688,99],{"class":98},[47,16690,78],{"class":77},[47,16692,13561],{"class":81},[47,16694,85],{"class":77},[373,16696,16698],{"id":16697},"mistake-expecting-duplicate-keys-to-stay","Mistake: expecting duplicate keys to stay",[38,16700,16702],{"className":40,"code":16701,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"age\": 20, \"age\": 30}\nprint(data)\n",[15,16703,16704,16736],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,16705,16706,16708,16710,16712,16714,16716,16718,16720,16722,16724,16726,16728,16730,16732,16734],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16707,9098],{"class":53},[47,16709,58],{"class":57},[47,16711,10423],{"class":77},[47,16713,309],{"class":151},[47,16715,82],{"class":155},[47,16717,309],{"class":151},[47,16719,2826],{"class":77},[47,16721,7722],{"class":61},[47,16723,668],{"class":77},[47,16725,303],{"class":151},[47,16727,82],{"class":155},[47,16729,309],{"class":151},[47,16731,2826],{"class":77},[47,16733,7727],{"class":61},[47,16735,9240],{"class":77},[47,16737,16738,16740,16742,16744],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,16739,99],{"class":98},[47,16741,78],{"class":77},[47,16743,9137],{"class":81},[47,16745,85],{"class":77},[20,16747,16748],{},[127,16749,129],{},[38,16751,16753],{"className":40,"code":16752,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'age': 30}\n",[15,16754,16755],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,16756,16757,16759,16761,16763,16765,16767,16769],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16758,9211],{"class":77},[47,16760,159],{"class":151},[47,16762,82],{"class":155},[47,16764,159],{"class":151},[47,16766,2826],{"class":77},[47,16768,7727],{"class":61},[47,16770,9240],{"class":77},[33,16772,16774],{"id":16773},"helpful-checks-while-learning","Helpful checks while learning",[20,16776,16777],{},"These quick commands can help you inspect a dictionary:",[38,16779,16781],{"className":40,"code":16780,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(len(my_dict))\n",[15,16782,16783,16819,16823,16833,16847,16862,16876],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,16784,16785,16787,16789,16791,16793,16795,16797,16799,16801,16803,16805,16807,16809,16811,16813,16815,16817],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16786,11658],{"class":53},[47,16788,58],{"class":57},[47,16790,10423],{"class":77},[47,16792,309],{"class":151},[47,16794,7601],{"class":155},[47,16796,309],{"class":151},[47,16798,2826],{"class":77},[47,16800,303],{"class":151},[47,16802,12814],{"class":155},[47,16804,309],{"class":151},[47,16806,668],{"class":77},[47,16808,303],{"class":151},[47,16810,82],{"class":155},[47,16812,309],{"class":151},[47,16814,2826],{"class":77},[47,16816,7722],{"class":61},[47,16818,9240],{"class":77},[47,16820,16821],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,16822,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,16824,16825,16827,16829,16831],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,16826,99],{"class":98},[47,16828,78],{"class":77},[47,16830,11384],{"class":81},[47,16832,85],{"class":77},[47,16834,16835,16837,16839,16841,16843,16845],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,16836,99],{"class":98},[47,16838,78],{"class":77},[47,16840,116],{"class":73},[47,16842,78],{"class":77},[47,16844,11384],{"class":81},[47,16846,123],{"class":77},[47,16848,16849,16851,16853,16855,16857,16860],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,16850,99],{"class":98},[47,16852,78],{"class":77},[47,16854,11384],{"class":81},[47,16856,914],{"class":77},[47,16858,16859],{"class":81},"keys",[47,16861,7127],{"class":77},[47,16863,16864,16866,16868,16870,16872,16874],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,16865,99],{"class":98},[47,16867,78],{"class":77},[47,16869,11384],{"class":81},[47,16871,914],{"class":77},[47,16873,5291],{"class":81},[47,16875,7127],{"class":77},[47,16877,16878,16880,16882,16884,16886,16888],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,16879,99],{"class":98},[47,16881,78],{"class":77},[47,16883,11095],{"class":98},[47,16885,78],{"class":77},[47,16887,11384],{"class":81},[47,16889,123],{"class":77},[20,16891,16892],{},[127,16893,16894],{},"Example output:",[38,16896,16898],{"className":40,"code":16897,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\ndict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\n2\n",[15,16899,16900,16932,16946,16969,16988],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,16901,16902,16904,16906,16908,16910,16912,16914,16916,16918,16920,16922,16924,16926,16928,16930],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16903,9211],{"class":77},[47,16905,159],{"class":151},[47,16907,7601],{"class":155},[47,16909,159],{"class":151},[47,16911,2826],{"class":77},[47,16913,152],{"class":151},[47,16915,12814],{"class":155},[47,16917,159],{"class":151},[47,16919,668],{"class":77},[47,16921,152],{"class":151},[47,16923,82],{"class":155},[47,16925,159],{"class":151},[47,16927,2826],{"class":77},[47,16929,7722],{"class":61},[47,16931,9240],{"class":77},[47,16933,16934,16936,16938,16940,16942,16944],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,16935,144],{"class":57},[47,16937,148],{"class":147},[47,16939,152],{"class":151},[47,16941,8753],{"class":155},[47,16943,159],{"class":151},[47,16945,162],{"class":57},[47,16947,16948,16951,16953,16955,16957,16959,16961,16963,16965,16967],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,16949,16950],{"class":81},"dict_keys",[47,16952,2928],{"class":77},[47,16954,159],{"class":151},[47,16956,7601],{"class":155},[47,16958,159],{"class":151},[47,16960,668],{"class":77},[47,16962,152],{"class":151},[47,16964,82],{"class":155},[47,16966,159],{"class":151},[47,16968,3825],{"class":77},[47,16970,16971,16974,16976,16978,16980,16982,16984,16986],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,16972,16973],{"class":81},"dict_values",[47,16975,2928],{"class":77},[47,16977,159],{"class":151},[47,16979,12814],{"class":155},[47,16981,159],{"class":151},[47,16983,668],{"class":77},[47,16985,7722],{"class":61},[47,16987,3825],{"class":77},[47,16989,16990],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,16991,16992],{"class":61},"2\n",[20,16994,16995,16996,1752,17002,17008,17009,914],{},"If you want to learn these methods in more detail, see ",[360,16997,10669,16999],{"href":16998},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method\u002F",[15,17000,17001],{},"keys()",[360,17003,10669,17005],{"href":17004},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method\u002F",[15,17006,17007],{},"values()",", and ",[360,17010,10669,17012],{"href":17011},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method\u002F",[15,17013,17014],{},"items()",[33,17016,1762],{"id":1761},[373,17018,17020],{"id":17019},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-dictionary-in-python","How do I create an empty dictionary in Python?",[20,17022,165,17023,1389,17025,17027],{},[15,17024,3727],{},[15,17026,9052],{},". Both create an empty dictionary.",[373,17029,17031],{"id":17030},"what-is-the-easiest-way-to-create-a-dictionary","What is the easiest way to create a dictionary?",[20,17033,17034,17035,914],{},"The easiest way is usually curly braces with key-value pairs, like ",[15,17036,17037],{},"{\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}",[373,17039,17041],{"id":17040},"can-dictionary-keys-be-numbers","Can dictionary keys be numbers?",[20,17043,17044],{},"Yes. Keys can be numbers, strings, tuples, and other immutable types.",[373,17046,17048],{"id":17047},"can-a-dictionary-have-duplicate-keys","Can a dictionary have duplicate keys?",[20,17050,17051],{},"A dictionary can be written with duplicate keys, but only the last value for that key is kept.",[373,17053,5111,17055,4329,17057,1812],{"id":17054},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-dict",[15,17056,3727],{},[15,17058,9052],{},[20,17060,17061,17063,17064,17066],{},[15,17062,3727],{}," is the most common literal syntax. ",[15,17065,9052],{}," is a constructor and is useful for empty dictionaries, keyword arguments, or key-value pair data.",[33,17068,1825],{"id":1824},[185,17070,17071,17075,17081,17085,17091],{},[188,17072,17073],{},[360,17074,9088],{"href":9087},[188,17076,17077],{},[360,17078,10669,17079,10673],{"href":10668},[15,17080,10672],{},[188,17082,17083],{},[360,17084,11185],{"href":10663},[188,17086,17087],{},[360,17088,17090],{"href":17089},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-key-exists-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[188,17092,17093],{},[360,17094,11196],{"href":11007},[20,17096,17097],{},"Next step: learn how to access, add, and safely read dictionary values.",[1875,17099,17100],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":65,"depth":65,"links":17102},[17103,17104,17105,17106,17109,17112,17117,17118,17123,17124,17129,17130,17138],{"id":35,"depth":65,"text":36},{"id":15096,"depth":65,"text":15097},{"id":15114,"depth":65,"text":15102},{"id":15199,"depth":65,"text":15200,"children":17107},[17108],{"id":15351,"depth":88,"text":15352},{"id":9333,"depth":65,"text":9334,"children":17110},[17111],{"id":15530,"depth":88,"text":15531},{"id":15643,"depth":65,"text":17113,"children":17114},"Create a dictionary with dict()",[17115],{"id":15770,"depth":88,"text":17116},"Important rule for dict()",{"id":9375,"depth":65,"text":9376},{"id":16124,"depth":65,"text":16125,"children":17119},[17120,17121,17122],{"id":16145,"depth":88,"text":16146},{"id":16247,"depth":88,"text":16248},{"id":16329,"depth":88,"text":16330},{"id":16415,"depth":65,"text":16416},{"id":2774,"depth":65,"text":2775,"children":17125},[17126,17127,17128],{"id":16575,"depth":88,"text":16576},{"id":16633,"depth":88,"text":16634},{"id":16697,"depth":88,"text":16698},{"id":16773,"depth":65,"text":16774},{"id":1761,"depth":65,"text":1762,"children":17131},[17132,17133,17134,17135,17136],{"id":17019,"depth":88,"text":17020},{"id":17030,"depth":88,"text":17031},{"id":17040,"depth":88,"text":17041},{"id":17047,"depth":88,"text":17048},{"id":17054,"depth":88,"text":17137},"What is the difference between {} and dict()?",{"id":1824,"depth":65,"text":1825},"Master python dictionary creating a dictionary in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":14939,"description":17139},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary","O7TVqwZDB3TCnmmRLHQ65qMF8VSifRb5cK3N-83y3Fg",{"id":17145,"title":17146,"body":17147,"description":19596,"extension":1922,"meta":19597,"navigation":91,"path":19598,"seo":19599,"stem":19600,"__hash__":19601},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method.md","Python Dictionary fromkeys() Method",{"type":7,"value":17148,"toc":19552},[17149,17155,17161,17164,17167,17169,17251,17257,17262,17266,17284,17296,17301,17305,17328,17332,17344,17352,17354,17360,17362,17365,17440,17442,17487,17489,17506,17511,17517,17522,17596,17598,17643,17646,17657,17659,17778,17780,17833,17840,17844,17847,17864,17870,17874,17972,17974,18026,18033,18037,18043,18046,18049,18076,18081,18085,18088,18192,18194,18239,18242,18245,18250,18255,18266,18268,18329,18389,18395,18403,18409,18414,18419,18479,18483,18550,18553,18557,18628,18631,18644,18651,18653,18657,18661,18732,18734,18771,18774,18777,18840,18847,18850,18892,18902,18905,18974,18980,18985,19069,19071,19120,19127,19133,19178,19180,19213,19218,19222,19228,19267,19311,19379,19422,19424,19430,19433,19437,19442,19446,19449,19453,19455,19516,19518,19544,19549],[10,17150,11252,17152,11256],{"id":17151},"python-dictionary-fromkeys-method",[15,17153,17154],{},"fromkeys()",[20,17156,17157,17160],{},[15,17158,17159],{},"dict.fromkeys()"," creates a new dictionary from a group of keys.",[20,17162,17163],{},"It is useful when you already know the keys you want, and every key should start with the same value.",[20,17165,17166],{},"One important beginner mistake to watch for is using a mutable value like a list or dictionary. In that case, all keys share the same object.",[33,17168,36],{"id":35},[38,17170,17172],{"className":40,"code":17171,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nperson = dict.fromkeys(keys, \"unknown\")\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[15,17173,17174,17207,17235,17246],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,17175,17176,17179,17181,17183,17185,17187,17189,17191,17193,17195,17197,17199,17201,17203,17205],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,17177,17178],{"class":53},"keys ",[47,17180,58],{"class":57},[47,17182,662],{"class":77},[47,17184,309],{"class":151},[47,17186,7601],{"class":155},[47,17188,309],{"class":151},[47,17190,668],{"class":77},[47,17192,303],{"class":151},[47,17194,82],{"class":155},[47,17196,309],{"class":151},[47,17198,668],{"class":77},[47,17200,303],{"class":151},[47,17202,10341],{"class":155},[47,17204,309],{"class":151},[47,17206,679],{"class":77},[47,17208,17209,17211,17213,17215,17217,17220,17222,17224,17226,17228,17231,17233],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,17210,13139],{"class":53},[47,17212,58],{"class":57},[47,17214,9103],{"class":73},[47,17216,914],{"class":77},[47,17218,17219],{"class":81},"fromkeys",[47,17221,78],{"class":77},[47,17223,16859],{"class":81},[47,17225,668],{"class":77},[47,17227,303],{"class":151},[47,17229,17230],{"class":155},"unknown",[47,17232,309],{"class":151},[47,17234,85],{"class":77},[47,17236,17237,17239,17241,17244],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,17238,99],{"class":98},[47,17240,78],{"class":77},[47,17242,17243],{"class":81},"person",[47,17245,85],{"class":77},[47,17247,17248],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,17249,17250],{"class":1378},"# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[20,17252,165,17253,17256],{},[15,17254,17255],{},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)"," to create a new dictionary where each key starts with the same value.",[33,17258,172,17260,175],{"id":17259},"what-dictfromkeys-does",[15,17261,17159],{},[20,17263,17264,2826],{},[15,17265,17159],{},[185,17267,17268,17271,17274,17277],{},[188,17269,17270],{},"Creates a new dictionary from a sequence of keys",[188,17272,17273],{},"Assigns the same value to every key",[188,17275,17276],{},"Returns a new dictionary",[188,17278,17279,17280,17283],{},"Is called as ",[15,17281,17282],{},"dict.fromkeys(...)",", not on an existing dictionary",[20,17285,17286,17287,17289,17290,17292,17293,914],{},"This is a class method on ",[15,17288,8753],{},", so you write ",[15,17291,17282],{}," instead of something like ",[15,17294,17295],{},"my_dict.fromkeys(...)",[20,17297,17298,17299,914],{},"If you need a refresher on dictionaries first, see ",[360,17300,9088],{"href":12957},[33,17302,17304],{"id":17303},"syntax-and-parameters","Syntax and parameters",[38,17306,17308],{"className":40,"code":17307,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)\n",[15,17309,17310],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,17311,17312,17314,17316,17318,17320,17322,17324,17326],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,17313,8753],{"class":73},[47,17315,914],{"class":77},[47,17317,17219],{"class":81},[47,17319,78],{"class":77},[47,17321,3655],{"class":81},[47,17323,668],{"class":77},[47,17325,8364],{"class":81},[47,17327,85],{"class":77},[373,17329,17331],{"id":17330},"parameters","Parameters",[185,17333,17334,17339],{},[188,17335,17336,17338],{},[15,17337,3655],{},": the keys to use",[188,17340,17341,17343],{},[15,17342,585],{},": optional starting value for every key",[20,17345,17346,17347,17349,17350,914],{},"If you leave out ",[15,17348,585],{},", each key gets ",[15,17351,3713],{},[373,17353,1504],{"id":1503},[20,17355,17356,17357,914],{},"It returns a ",[127,17358,17359],{},"new dictionary",[33,17361,5721],{"id":5720},[20,17363,17364],{},"Here is a simple example using a list of strings as keys:",[38,17366,17368],{"className":40,"code":17367,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"keys = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,17369,17370,17403,17425,17429],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,17371,17372,17374,17376,17378,17380,17382,17384,17386,17388,17391,17393,17395,17397,17399,17401],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,17373,17178],{"class":53},[47,17375,58],{"class":57},[47,17377,662],{"class":77},[47,17379,309],{"class":151},[47,17381,13027],{"class":155},[47,17383,309],{"class":151},[47,17385,668],{"class":77},[47,17387,303],{"class":151},[47,17389,17390],{"class":155},"green",[47,17392,309],{"class":151},[47,17394,668],{"class":77},[47,17396,303],{"class":151},[47,17398,13044],{"class":155},[47,17400,309],{"class":151},[47,17402,679],{"class":77},[47,17404,17405,17407,17409,17411,17413,17415,17417,17419,17421,17423],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,17406,13010],{"class":53},[47,17408,58],{"class":57},[47,17410,9103],{"class":73},[47,17412,914],{"class":77},[47,17414,17219],{"class":81},[47,17416,78],{"class":77},[47,17418,16859],{"class":81},[47,17420,668],{"class":77},[47,17422,3769],{"class":61},[47,17424,85],{"class":77},[47,17426,17427],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,17428,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,17430,17431,17433,17435,17438],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,17432,99],{"class":98},[47,17434,78],{"class":77},[47,17436,17437],{"class":81},"colors",[47,17439,85],{"class":77},[20,17441,129],{},[38,17443,17445],{"className":40,"code":17444,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'red': 0, 'green': 0, 'blue': 0}\n",[15,17446,17447],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,17448,17449,17451,17453,17455,17457,17459,17461,17463,17465,17467,17469,17471,17473,17475,17477,17479,17481,17483,17485],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,17450,9211],{"class":77},[47,17452,159],{"class":151},[47,17454,13027],{"class":155},[47,17456,159],{"class":151},[47,17458,2826],{"class":77},[47,17460,3769],{"class":61},[47,17462,668],{"class":77},[47,17464,152],{"class":151},[47,17466,17390],{"class":155},[47,17468,159],{"class":151},[47,17470,2826],{"class":77},[47,17472,3769],{"class":61},[47,17474,668],{"class":77},[47,17476,152],{"class":151},[47,17478,13044],{"class":155},[47,17480,159],{"class":151},[47,17482,2826],{"class":77},[47,17484,3769],{"class":61},[47,17486,9240],{"class":77},[20,17488,11617],{},[185,17490,17491,17496,17501],{},[188,17492,17493,17495],{},[15,17494,16859],{}," contains the dictionary keys",[188,17497,17498,17500],{},[15,17499,2077],{}," is used as the starting value for every key",[188,17502,17503,17505],{},[15,17504,17159],{}," returns the new dictionary",[20,17507,17508,17509,914],{},"If you want to learn more ways to create dictionaries, see ",[360,17510,9323],{"href":12960},[33,17512,1335,17514,17516],{"id":17513},"using-fromkeys-without-a-value",[15,17515,17154],{}," without a value",[20,17518,17519,17520,914],{},"If you do not pass the second argument, the default value is ",[15,17521,3713],{},[38,17523,17525],{"className":40,"code":17524,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,17526,17527,17561,17581,17585],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,17528,17529,17532,17534,17536,17538,17540,17542,17544,17546,17548,17550,17552,17554,17557,17559],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,17530,17531],{"class":53},"fields ",[47,17533,58],{"class":57},[47,17535,662],{"class":77},[47,17537,309],{"class":151},[47,17539,7916],{"class":155},[47,17541,309],{"class":151},[47,17543,668],{"class":77},[47,17545,303],{"class":151},[47,17547,15193],{"class":155},[47,17549,309],{"class":151},[47,17551,668],{"class":77},[47,17553,303],{"class":151},[47,17555,17556],{"class":155},"password",[47,17558,309],{"class":151},[47,17560,679],{"class":77},[47,17562,17563,17566,17568,17570,17572,17574,17576,17579],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,17564,17565],{"class":53},"user_data ",[47,17567,58],{"class":57},[47,17569,9103],{"class":73},[47,17571,914],{"class":77},[47,17573,17219],{"class":81},[47,17575,78],{"class":77},[47,17577,17578],{"class":81},"fields",[47,17580,85],{"class":77},[47,17582,17583],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,17584,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,17586,17587,17589,17591,17594],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,17588,99],{"class":98},[47,17590,78],{"class":77},[47,17592,17593],{"class":81},"user_data",[47,17595,85],{"class":77},[20,17597,129],{},[38,17599,17601],{"className":40,"code":17600,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'username': None, 'email': None, 'password': None}\n",[15,17602,17603],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,17604,17605,17607,17609,17611,17613,17615,17617,17619,17621,17623,17625,17627,17629,17631,17633,17635,17637,17639,17641],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,17606,9211],{"class":77},[47,17608,159],{"class":151},[47,17610,7916],{"class":155},[47,17612,159],{"class":151},[47,17614,2826],{"class":77},[47,17616,3788],{"class":571},[47,17618,668],{"class":77},[47,17620,152],{"class":151},[47,17622,15193],{"class":155},[47,17624,159],{"class":151},[47,17626,2826],{"class":77},[47,17628,3788],{"class":571},[47,17630,668],{"class":77},[47,17632,152],{"class":151},[47,17634,17556],{"class":155},[47,17636,159],{"class":151},[47,17638,2826],{"class":77},[47,17640,3788],{"class":571},[47,17642,9240],{"class":77},[20,17644,17645],{},"This is useful when:",[185,17647,17648,17651,17654],{},[188,17649,17650],{},"You want to create the keys first",[188,17652,17653],{},"You plan to fill in the real values later",[188,17655,17656],{},"You need placeholder values during setup",[20,17658,800],{},[38,17660,17662],{"className":40,"code":17661,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nuser_data[\"username\"] = \"alice\"\nuser_data[\"email\"] = \"alice@example.com\"\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,17663,17664,17696,17714,17718,17741,17764,17768],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,17665,17666,17668,17670,17672,17674,17676,17678,17680,17682,17684,17686,17688,17690,17692,17694],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,17667,17531],{"class":53},[47,17669,58],{"class":57},[47,17671,662],{"class":77},[47,17673,309],{"class":151},[47,17675,7916],{"class":155},[47,17677,309],{"class":151},[47,17679,668],{"class":77},[47,17681,303],{"class":151},[47,17683,15193],{"class":155},[47,17685,309],{"class":151},[47,17687,668],{"class":77},[47,17689,303],{"class":151},[47,17691,17556],{"class":155},[47,17693,309],{"class":151},[47,17695,679],{"class":77},[47,17697,17698,17700,17702,17704,17706,17708,17710,17712],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,17699,17565],{"class":53},[47,17701,58],{"class":57},[47,17703,9103],{"class":73},[47,17705,914],{"class":77},[47,17707,17219],{"class":81},[47,17709,78],{"class":77},[47,17711,17578],{"class":81},[47,17713,85],{"class":77},[47,17715,17716],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,17717,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,17719,17720,17722,17724,17726,17728,17730,17732,17734,17736,17739],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,17721,17593],{"class":53},[47,17723,736],{"class":77},[47,17725,309],{"class":151},[47,17727,7916],{"class":155},[47,17729,309],{"class":151},[47,17731,13208],{"class":77},[47,17733,13211],{"class":57},[47,17735,303],{"class":151},[47,17737,17738],{"class":155},"alice",[47,17740,820],{"class":151},[47,17742,17743,17745,17747,17749,17751,17753,17755,17757,17759,17762],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,17744,17593],{"class":53},[47,17746,736],{"class":77},[47,17748,309],{"class":151},[47,17750,15193],{"class":155},[47,17752,309],{"class":151},[47,17754,13208],{"class":77},[47,17756,13211],{"class":57},[47,17758,303],{"class":151},[47,17760,17761],{"class":155},"alice@example.com",[47,17763,820],{"class":151},[47,17765,17766],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,17767,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,17769,17770,17772,17774,17776],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,17771,99],{"class":98},[47,17773,78],{"class":77},[47,17775,17593],{"class":81},[47,17777,85],{"class":77},[20,17779,129],{},[38,17781,17783],{"className":40,"code":17782,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'username': 'alice', 'email': 'alice@example.com', 'password': None}\n",[15,17784,17785],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,17786,17787,17789,17791,17793,17795,17797,17799,17801,17803,17805,17807,17809,17811,17813,17815,17817,17819,17821,17823,17825,17827,17829,17831],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,17788,9211],{"class":77},[47,17790,159],{"class":151},[47,17792,7916],{"class":155},[47,17794,159],{"class":151},[47,17796,2826],{"class":77},[47,17798,152],{"class":151},[47,17800,17738],{"class":155},[47,17802,159],{"class":151},[47,17804,668],{"class":77},[47,17806,152],{"class":151},[47,17808,15193],{"class":155},[47,17810,159],{"class":151},[47,17812,2826],{"class":77},[47,17814,152],{"class":151},[47,17816,17761],{"class":155},[47,17818,159],{"class":151},[47,17820,668],{"class":77},[47,17822,152],{"class":151},[47,17824,17556],{"class":155},[47,17826,159],{"class":151},[47,17828,2826],{"class":77},[47,17830,3788],{"class":571},[47,17832,9240],{"class":77},[20,17834,17835,17836,914],{},"If you want to add or change keys later, see ",[360,17837,17839],{"href":17838},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python","how to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[33,17841,17843],{"id":17842},"important-warning-about-mutable-values","Important warning about mutable values",[20,17845,17846],{},"Be careful when using a mutable value such as:",[185,17848,17849,17854,17859],{},[188,17850,17851,17853],{},[15,17852,3722],{}," (list)",[188,17855,17856,17858],{},[15,17857,3727],{}," (dictionary)",[188,17860,17861,17863],{},[15,17862,3732],{}," (set)",[20,17865,17866,17867,914],{},"All keys will point to the ",[127,17868,17869],{},"same object",[373,17871,17873],{"id":17872},"example-of-the-problem","Example of the problem",[38,17875,17877],{"className":40,"code":17876,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = dict.fromkeys(keys, [])\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,17878,17879,17911,17932,17936,17958,17962],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,17880,17881,17883,17885,17887,17889,17891,17893,17895,17897,17899,17901,17903,17905,17907,17909],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,17882,17178],{"class":53},[47,17884,58],{"class":57},[47,17886,662],{"class":77},[47,17888,309],{"class":151},[47,17890,360],{"class":155},[47,17892,309],{"class":151},[47,17894,668],{"class":77},[47,17896,303],{"class":151},[47,17898,4696],{"class":155},[47,17900,309],{"class":151},[47,17902,668],{"class":77},[47,17904,303],{"class":151},[47,17906,9671],{"class":155},[47,17908,309],{"class":151},[47,17910,679],{"class":77},[47,17912,17913,17915,17917,17919,17921,17923,17925,17927,17929],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,17914,9098],{"class":53},[47,17916,58],{"class":57},[47,17918,9103],{"class":73},[47,17920,914],{"class":77},[47,17922,17219],{"class":81},[47,17924,78],{"class":77},[47,17926,16859],{"class":81},[47,17928,668],{"class":77},[47,17930,17931],{"class":77}," [])\n",[47,17933,17934],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,17935,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,17937,17938,17940,17942,17944,17946,17948,17950,17952,17954,17956],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,17939,9137],{"class":53},[47,17941,736],{"class":77},[47,17943,309],{"class":151},[47,17945,360],{"class":155},[47,17947,309],{"class":151},[47,17949,13485],{"class":77},[47,17951,13488],{"class":81},[47,17953,78],{"class":77},[47,17955,665],{"class":61},[47,17957,85],{"class":77},[47,17959,17960],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,17961,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,17963,17964,17966,17968,17970],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,17965,99],{"class":98},[47,17967,78],{"class":77},[47,17969,9137],{"class":81},[47,17971,85],{"class":77},[20,17973,129],{},[38,17975,17977],{"className":40,"code":17976,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1], 'c': [1]}\n",[15,17978,17979],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,17980,17981,17983,17985,17987,17989,17991,17993,17995,17998,18000,18002,18004,18006,18008,18010,18012,18014,18016,18018,18020,18022,18024],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,17982,9211],{"class":77},[47,17984,159],{"class":151},[47,17986,360],{"class":155},[47,17988,159],{"class":151},[47,17990,2826],{"class":77},[47,17992,662],{"class":77},[47,17994,665],{"class":61},[47,17996,17997],{"class":77},"],",[47,17999,152],{"class":151},[47,18001,4696],{"class":155},[47,18003,159],{"class":151},[47,18005,2826],{"class":77},[47,18007,662],{"class":77},[47,18009,665],{"class":61},[47,18011,17997],{"class":77},[47,18013,152],{"class":151},[47,18015,9671],{"class":155},[47,18017,159],{"class":151},[47,18019,2826],{"class":77},[47,18021,662],{"class":77},[47,18023,665],{"class":61},[47,18025,13641],{"class":77},[20,18027,18028,18029,18032],{},"Many beginners expect only ",[15,18030,18031],{},"\"a\""," to change, but all keys change because they share the same list.",[373,18034,18036],{"id":18035},"why-this-happens","Why this happens",[20,18038,18039,18042],{},[15,18040,18041],{},"dict.fromkeys(keys, [])"," creates one list object.",[20,18044,18045],{},"That same list is then used for every key.",[20,18047,18048],{},"So this:",[38,18050,18052],{"className":40,"code":18051,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data[\"a\"].append(1)\n",[15,18053,18054],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,18055,18056,18058,18060,18062,18064,18066,18068,18070,18072,18074],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,18057,9137],{"class":53},[47,18059,736],{"class":77},[47,18061,309],{"class":151},[47,18063,360],{"class":155},[47,18065,309],{"class":151},[47,18067,13485],{"class":77},[47,18069,13488],{"class":81},[47,18071,78],{"class":77},[47,18073,665],{"class":61},[47,18075,85],{"class":77},[20,18077,18078,18079,914],{},"changes the shared list, not a separate list just for key ",[15,18080,18031],{},[373,18082,18084],{"id":18083},"the-better-way-when-each-key-needs-its-own-list","The better way when each key needs its own list",[20,18086,18087],{},"Use a dictionary comprehension:",[38,18089,18091],{"className":40,"code":18090,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,18092,18093,18125,18152,18156,18178,18182],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,18094,18095,18097,18099,18101,18103,18105,18107,18109,18111,18113,18115,18117,18119,18121,18123],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,18096,17178],{"class":53},[47,18098,58],{"class":57},[47,18100,662],{"class":77},[47,18102,309],{"class":151},[47,18104,360],{"class":155},[47,18106,309],{"class":151},[47,18108,668],{"class":77},[47,18110,303],{"class":151},[47,18112,4696],{"class":155},[47,18114,309],{"class":151},[47,18116,668],{"class":77},[47,18118,303],{"class":151},[47,18120,9671],{"class":155},[47,18122,309],{"class":151},[47,18124,679],{"class":77},[47,18126,18127,18129,18131,18133,18135,18137,18140,18142,18145,18147,18150],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,18128,9098],{"class":53},[47,18130,58],{"class":57},[47,18132,10423],{"class":77},[47,18134,14776],{"class":53},[47,18136,2826],{"class":77},[47,18138,18139],{"class":77}," []",[47,18141,3813],{"class":3812},[47,18143,18144],{"class":53}," key ",[47,18146,3819],{"class":3812},[47,18148,18149],{"class":53}," keys",[47,18151,9240],{"class":77},[47,18153,18154],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,18155,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,18157,18158,18160,18162,18164,18166,18168,18170,18172,18174,18176],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,18159,9137],{"class":53},[47,18161,736],{"class":77},[47,18163,309],{"class":151},[47,18165,360],{"class":155},[47,18167,309],{"class":151},[47,18169,13485],{"class":77},[47,18171,13488],{"class":81},[47,18173,78],{"class":77},[47,18175,665],{"class":61},[47,18177,85],{"class":77},[47,18179,18180],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,18181,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,18183,18184,18186,18188,18190],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,18185,99],{"class":98},[47,18187,78],{"class":77},[47,18189,9137],{"class":81},[47,18191,85],{"class":77},[20,18193,129],{},[38,18195,18197],{"className":40,"code":18196,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'a': [1], 'b': [], 'c': []}\n",[15,18198,18199],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,18200,18201,18203,18205,18207,18209,18211,18213,18215,18217,18219,18221,18223,18225,18228,18230,18232,18234,18236],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,18202,9211],{"class":77},[47,18204,159],{"class":151},[47,18206,360],{"class":155},[47,18208,159],{"class":151},[47,18210,2826],{"class":77},[47,18212,662],{"class":77},[47,18214,665],{"class":61},[47,18216,17997],{"class":77},[47,18218,152],{"class":151},[47,18220,4696],{"class":155},[47,18222,159],{"class":151},[47,18224,2826],{"class":77},[47,18226,18227],{"class":77}," [],",[47,18229,152],{"class":151},[47,18231,9671],{"class":155},[47,18233,159],{"class":151},[47,18235,2826],{"class":77},[47,18237,18238],{"class":77}," []}\n",[20,18240,18241],{},"Now each key has its own separate list.",[20,18243,18244],{},"This same rule applies if you want each key to have its own dictionary or set.",[33,18246,773,18248],{"id":18247},"when-to-use-fromkeys",[15,18249,17154],{},[20,18251,18252,18254],{},[15,18253,17159],{}," is a good choice when:",[185,18256,18257,18260,18263],{},[188,18258,18259],{},"You want to quickly create a dictionary with known keys",[188,18261,18262],{},"Every key should start with the same simple value",[188,18264,18265],{},"You need default flags, counters, or placeholders",[20,18267,2083],{},[38,18269,18271],{"className":40,"code":18270,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"flags = dict.fromkeys([\"is_admin\", \"is_active\", \"is_verified\"], False)\nprint(flags)\n",[15,18272,18273,18318],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,18274,18275,18278,18280,18282,18284,18286,18288,18290,18293,18295,18297,18299,18301,18303,18305,18307,18310,18312,18314,18316],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,18276,18277],{"class":53},"flags ",[47,18279,58],{"class":57},[47,18281,9103],{"class":73},[47,18283,914],{"class":77},[47,18285,17219],{"class":81},[47,18287,2928],{"class":77},[47,18289,309],{"class":151},[47,18291,18292],{"class":155},"is_admin",[47,18294,309],{"class":151},[47,18296,668],{"class":77},[47,18298,303],{"class":151},[47,18300,15013],{"class":155},[47,18302,309],{"class":151},[47,18304,668],{"class":77},[47,18306,303],{"class":151},[47,18308,18309],{"class":155},"is_verified",[47,18311,309],{"class":151},[47,18313,17997],{"class":77},[47,18315,3843],{"class":571},[47,18317,85],{"class":77},[47,18319,18320,18322,18324,18327],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,18321,99],{"class":98},[47,18323,78],{"class":77},[47,18325,18326],{"class":81},"flags",[47,18328,85],{"class":77},[38,18330,18332],{"className":40,"code":18331,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"scores = dict.fromkeys([\"math\", \"science\", \"history\"], 0)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,18333,18334,18379],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,18335,18336,18338,18340,18342,18344,18346,18348,18350,18353,18355,18357,18359,18362,18364,18366,18368,18371,18373,18375,18377],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,18337,4998],{"class":53},[47,18339,58],{"class":57},[47,18341,9103],{"class":73},[47,18343,914],{"class":77},[47,18345,17219],{"class":81},[47,18347,2928],{"class":77},[47,18349,309],{"class":151},[47,18351,18352],{"class":155},"math",[47,18354,309],{"class":151},[47,18356,668],{"class":77},[47,18358,303],{"class":151},[47,18360,18361],{"class":155},"science",[47,18363,309],{"class":151},[47,18365,668],{"class":77},[47,18367,303],{"class":151},[47,18369,18370],{"class":155},"history",[47,18372,309],{"class":151},[47,18374,17997],{"class":77},[47,18376,3769],{"class":61},[47,18378,85],{"class":77},[47,18380,18381,18383,18385,18387],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,18382,99],{"class":98},[47,18384,78],{"class":77},[47,18386,16324],{"class":81},[47,18388,85],{"class":77},[20,18390,18391,18392,18394],{},"It is ",[127,18393,768],{}," the best choice when:",[185,18396,18397,18400],{},[188,18398,18399],{},"Each key needs a different starting value",[188,18401,18402],{},"Each key needs its own new list or dictionary",[33,18404,18406,18408],{"id":18405},"fromkeys-vs-creating-a-dictionary-manually",[15,18407,17154],{}," vs creating a dictionary manually",[20,18410,18411,18413],{},[15,18412,17154],{}," is shorter when all keys share the same value.",[373,18415,1335,18417],{"id":18416},"using-fromkeys",[15,18418,17154],{},[38,18420,18422],{"className":40,"code":18421,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"settings = dict.fromkeys([\"sound\", \"music\", \"notifications\"], True)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,18423,18424,18469],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,18425,18426,18428,18430,18432,18434,18436,18438,18440,18443,18445,18447,18449,18452,18454,18456,18458,18461,18463,18465,18467],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,18427,13761],{"class":53},[47,18429,58],{"class":57},[47,18431,9103],{"class":73},[47,18433,914],{"class":77},[47,18435,17219],{"class":81},[47,18437,2928],{"class":77},[47,18439,309],{"class":151},[47,18441,18442],{"class":155},"sound",[47,18444,309],{"class":151},[47,18446,668],{"class":77},[47,18448,303],{"class":151},[47,18450,18451],{"class":155},"music",[47,18453,309],{"class":151},[47,18455,668],{"class":77},[47,18457,303],{"class":151},[47,18459,18460],{"class":155},"notifications",[47,18462,309],{"class":151},[47,18464,17997],{"class":77},[47,18466,3852],{"class":571},[47,18468,85],{"class":77},[47,18470,18471,18473,18475,18477],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,18472,99],{"class":98},[47,18474,78],{"class":77},[47,18476,13820],{"class":81},[47,18478,85],{"class":77},[373,18480,18482],{"id":18481},"creating-a-dictionary-manually","Creating a dictionary manually",[38,18484,18486],{"className":40,"code":18485,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"settings = {\n    \"sound\": True,\n    \"music\": False,\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\nprint(settings)\n",[15,18487,18488,18496,18510,18524,18536,18540],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,18489,18490,18492,18494],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,18491,13761],{"class":53},[47,18493,58],{"class":57},[47,18495,11427],{"class":77},[47,18497,18498,18500,18502,18504,18506,18508],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,18499,11432],{"class":151},[47,18501,18442],{"class":155},[47,18503,309],{"class":151},[47,18505,2826],{"class":77},[47,18507,3852],{"class":571},[47,18509,11447],{"class":77},[47,18511,18512,18514,18516,18518,18520,18522],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,18513,11432],{"class":151},[47,18515,18451],{"class":155},[47,18517,309],{"class":151},[47,18519,2826],{"class":77},[47,18521,3843],{"class":571},[47,18523,11447],{"class":77},[47,18525,18526,18528,18530,18532,18534],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,18527,11432],{"class":151},[47,18529,18460],{"class":155},[47,18531,309],{"class":151},[47,18533,2826],{"class":77},[47,18535,572],{"class":571},[47,18537,18538],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,18539,9240],{"class":77},[47,18541,18542,18544,18546,18548],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,18543,99],{"class":98},[47,18545,78],{"class":77},[47,18547,13820],{"class":81},[47,18549,85],{"class":77},[20,18551,18552],{},"Manual creation is clearer when the values are different.",[373,18554,18556],{"id":18555},"using-a-comprehension-for-separate-mutable-values","Using a comprehension for separate mutable values",[38,18558,18560],{"className":40,"code":18559,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(data)\n",[15,18561,18562,18594,18618],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,18563,18564,18566,18568,18570,18572,18574,18576,18578,18580,18582,18584,18586,18588,18590,18592],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,18565,17178],{"class":53},[47,18567,58],{"class":57},[47,18569,662],{"class":77},[47,18571,309],{"class":151},[47,18573,360],{"class":155},[47,18575,309],{"class":151},[47,18577,668],{"class":77},[47,18579,303],{"class":151},[47,18581,4696],{"class":155},[47,18583,309],{"class":151},[47,18585,668],{"class":77},[47,18587,303],{"class":151},[47,18589,9671],{"class":155},[47,18591,309],{"class":151},[47,18593,679],{"class":77},[47,18595,18596,18598,18600,18602,18604,18606,18608,18610,18612,18614,18616],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,18597,9098],{"class":53},[47,18599,58],{"class":57},[47,18601,10423],{"class":77},[47,18603,14776],{"class":53},[47,18605,2826],{"class":77},[47,18607,18139],{"class":77},[47,18609,3813],{"class":3812},[47,18611,18144],{"class":53},[47,18613,3819],{"class":3812},[47,18615,18149],{"class":53},[47,18617,9240],{"class":77},[47,18619,18620,18622,18624,18626],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,18621,99],{"class":98},[47,18623,78],{"class":77},[47,18625,9137],{"class":81},[47,18627,85],{"class":77},[20,18629,18630],{},"Use:",[185,18632,18633,18638,18641],{},[188,18634,18635,18637],{},[15,18636,17154],{}," when one shared simple default makes sense",[188,18639,18640],{},"Manual dictionary creation when values differ",[188,18642,18643],{},"A comprehension when each key needs its own new list or dict",[20,18645,18646,18647,914],{},"If you later want to change several values at once, you may also want to learn the ",[360,18648,10669,18649,10673],{"href":13968},[15,18650,14888],{},[33,18652,2775],{"id":2774},[20,18654,14668,18655,914],{},[15,18656,17159],{},[373,18658,18660],{"id":18659},"using-a-mutable-default-value-by-mistake","Using a mutable default value by mistake",[38,18662,18664],{"className":40,"code":18663,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], [])\nd[\"a\"].append(1)\nprint(d)\n",[15,18665,18666,18699,18722],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,18667,18668,18671,18673,18675,18677,18679,18681,18683,18685,18687,18689,18691,18693,18695,18697],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,18669,18670],{"class":53},"d ",[47,18672,58],{"class":57},[47,18674,9103],{"class":73},[47,18676,914],{"class":77},[47,18678,17219],{"class":81},[47,18680,2928],{"class":77},[47,18682,309],{"class":151},[47,18684,360],{"class":155},[47,18686,309],{"class":151},[47,18688,668],{"class":77},[47,18690,303],{"class":151},[47,18692,4696],{"class":155},[47,18694,309],{"class":151},[47,18696,17997],{"class":77},[47,18698,17931],{"class":77},[47,18700,18701,18704,18706,18708,18710,18712,18714,18716,18718,18720],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,18702,18703],{"class":53},"d",[47,18705,736],{"class":77},[47,18707,309],{"class":151},[47,18709,360],{"class":155},[47,18711,309],{"class":151},[47,18713,13485],{"class":77},[47,18715,13488],{"class":81},[47,18717,78],{"class":77},[47,18719,665],{"class":61},[47,18721,85],{"class":77},[47,18723,18724,18726,18728,18730],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,18725,99],{"class":98},[47,18727,78],{"class":77},[47,18729,18703],{"class":81},[47,18731,85],{"class":77},[20,18733,129],{},[38,18735,18737],{"className":40,"code":18736,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1]}\n",[15,18738,18739],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,18740,18741,18743,18745,18747,18749,18751,18753,18755,18757,18759,18761,18763,18765,18767,18769],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,18742,9211],{"class":77},[47,18744,159],{"class":151},[47,18746,360],{"class":155},[47,18748,159],{"class":151},[47,18750,2826],{"class":77},[47,18752,662],{"class":77},[47,18754,665],{"class":61},[47,18756,17997],{"class":77},[47,18758,152],{"class":151},[47,18760,4696],{"class":155},[47,18762,159],{"class":151},[47,18764,2826],{"class":77},[47,18766,662],{"class":77},[47,18768,665],{"class":61},[47,18770,13641],{"class":77},[20,18772,18773],{},"This happens because both keys share the same list.",[20,18775,18776],{},"Use this instead:",[38,18778,18780],{"className":40,"code":18779,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\"]\nd = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(d)\n",[15,18781,18782,18806,18830],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,18783,18784,18786,18788,18790,18792,18794,18796,18798,18800,18802,18804],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,18785,17178],{"class":53},[47,18787,58],{"class":57},[47,18789,662],{"class":77},[47,18791,309],{"class":151},[47,18793,360],{"class":155},[47,18795,309],{"class":151},[47,18797,668],{"class":77},[47,18799,303],{"class":151},[47,18801,4696],{"class":155},[47,18803,309],{"class":151},[47,18805,679],{"class":77},[47,18807,18808,18810,18812,18814,18816,18818,18820,18822,18824,18826,18828],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,18809,18670],{"class":53},[47,18811,58],{"class":57},[47,18813,10423],{"class":77},[47,18815,14776],{"class":53},[47,18817,2826],{"class":77},[47,18819,18139],{"class":77},[47,18821,3813],{"class":3812},[47,18823,18144],{"class":53},[47,18825,3819],{"class":3812},[47,18827,18149],{"class":53},[47,18829,9240],{"class":77},[47,18831,18832,18834,18836,18838],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,18833,99],{"class":98},[47,18835,78],{"class":77},[47,18837,18703],{"class":81},[47,18839,85],{"class":77},[373,18841,18843,18844,18846],{"id":18842},"trying-to-call-fromkeys-on-a-list","Trying to call ",[15,18845,17154],{}," on a list",[20,18848,18849],{},"Wrong idea:",[38,18851,18853],{"className":40,"code":18852,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[15,18854,18855,18887],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,18856,18857,18859,18861,18863,18865,18867,18869,18871,18873,18875,18877,18879,18881,18883,18885],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,18858,17178],{"class":53},[47,18860,58],{"class":57},[47,18862,662],{"class":77},[47,18864,309],{"class":151},[47,18866,360],{"class":155},[47,18868,309],{"class":151},[47,18870,668],{"class":77},[47,18872,303],{"class":151},[47,18874,4696],{"class":155},[47,18876,309],{"class":151},[47,18878,668],{"class":77},[47,18880,303],{"class":151},[47,18882,9671],{"class":155},[47,18884,309],{"class":151},[47,18886,679],{"class":77},[47,18888,18889],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,18890,18891],{"class":1378},"# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[20,18893,18894,18896,18897,18899,18900,914],{},[15,18895,17154],{}," belongs to ",[15,18898,8753],{},", not ",[15,18901,8025],{},[20,18903,18904],{},"Correct usage:",[38,18906,18908],{"className":40,"code":18907,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nd = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\nprint(d)\n",[15,18909,18910,18942,18964],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,18911,18912,18914,18916,18918,18920,18922,18924,18926,18928,18930,18932,18934,18936,18938,18940],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,18913,17178],{"class":53},[47,18915,58],{"class":57},[47,18917,662],{"class":77},[47,18919,309],{"class":151},[47,18921,360],{"class":155},[47,18923,309],{"class":151},[47,18925,668],{"class":77},[47,18927,303],{"class":151},[47,18929,4696],{"class":155},[47,18931,309],{"class":151},[47,18933,668],{"class":77},[47,18935,303],{"class":151},[47,18937,9671],{"class":155},[47,18939,309],{"class":151},[47,18941,679],{"class":77},[47,18943,18944,18946,18948,18950,18952,18954,18956,18958,18960,18962],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,18945,18670],{"class":53},[47,18947,58],{"class":57},[47,18949,9103],{"class":73},[47,18951,914],{"class":77},[47,18953,17219],{"class":81},[47,18955,78],{"class":77},[47,18957,16859],{"class":81},[47,18959,668],{"class":77},[47,18961,3769],{"class":61},[47,18963,85],{"class":77},[47,18965,18966,18968,18970,18972],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,18967,99],{"class":98},[47,18969,78],{"class":77},[47,18971,18703],{"class":81},[47,18973,85],{"class":77},[373,18975,1400,18977,18979],{"id":18976},"expecting-fromkeys-to-update-an-existing-dictionary",[15,18978,17154],{}," to update an existing dictionary",[20,18981,18982,18984],{},[15,18983,17159],{}," does not change an existing dictionary. It creates a new one.",[38,18986,18988],{"className":40,"code":18987,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original = {\"x\": 1}\nnew_dict = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(new_dict)\n",[15,18989,18990,19010,19044,19048,19058],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,18991,18992,18994,18996,18998,19000,19002,19004,19006,19008],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,18993,12020],{"class":53},[47,18995,58],{"class":57},[47,18997,10423],{"class":77},[47,18999,309],{"class":151},[47,19001,2131],{"class":155},[47,19003,309],{"class":151},[47,19005,2826],{"class":77},[47,19007,5431],{"class":61},[47,19009,9240],{"class":77},[47,19011,19012,19014,19016,19018,19020,19022,19024,19026,19028,19030,19032,19034,19036,19038,19040,19042],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,19013,12972],{"class":53},[47,19015,58],{"class":57},[47,19017,9103],{"class":73},[47,19019,914],{"class":77},[47,19021,17219],{"class":81},[47,19023,2928],{"class":77},[47,19025,309],{"class":151},[47,19027,360],{"class":155},[47,19029,309],{"class":151},[47,19031,668],{"class":77},[47,19033,303],{"class":151},[47,19035,4696],{"class":155},[47,19037,309],{"class":151},[47,19039,17997],{"class":77},[47,19041,3769],{"class":61},[47,19043,85],{"class":77},[47,19045,19046],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,19047,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,19049,19050,19052,19054,19056],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,19051,99],{"class":98},[47,19053,78],{"class":77},[47,19055,12067],{"class":81},[47,19057,85],{"class":77},[47,19059,19060,19062,19064,19067],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,19061,99],{"class":98},[47,19063,78],{"class":77},[47,19065,19066],{"class":81},"new_dict",[47,19068,85],{"class":77},[20,19070,129],{},[38,19072,19074],{"className":40,"code":19073,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'x': 1}\n{'a': 0, 'b': 0}\n",[15,19075,19076,19092],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,19077,19078,19080,19082,19084,19086,19088,19090],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,19079,9211],{"class":77},[47,19081,159],{"class":151},[47,19083,2131],{"class":155},[47,19085,159],{"class":151},[47,19087,2826],{"class":77},[47,19089,5431],{"class":61},[47,19091,9240],{"class":77},[47,19093,19094,19096,19098,19100,19102,19104,19106,19108,19110,19112,19114,19116,19118],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,19095,9211],{"class":77},[47,19097,159],{"class":151},[47,19099,360],{"class":155},[47,19101,159],{"class":151},[47,19103,2826],{"class":77},[47,19105,3769],{"class":61},[47,19107,668],{"class":77},[47,19109,152],{"class":151},[47,19111,4696],{"class":155},[47,19113,159],{"class":151},[47,19115,2826],{"class":77},[47,19117,3769],{"class":61},[47,19119,9240],{"class":77},[20,19121,19122,19123,914],{},"If you want to modify an existing dictionary, see the ",[360,19124,10669,19125,10673],{"href":13968},[15,19126,14888],{},[373,19128,19130,19131],{"id":19129},"forgetting-that-the-default-value-is-none","Forgetting that the default value is ",[15,19132,3713],{},[38,19134,19136],{"className":40,"code":19135,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"x\", \"y\"])\nprint(d)\n",[15,19137,19138,19168],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,19139,19140,19142,19144,19146,19148,19150,19152,19154,19156,19158,19160,19162,19164,19166],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,19141,18670],{"class":53},[47,19143,58],{"class":57},[47,19145,9103],{"class":73},[47,19147,914],{"class":77},[47,19149,17219],{"class":81},[47,19151,2928],{"class":77},[47,19153,309],{"class":151},[47,19155,2131],{"class":155},[47,19157,309],{"class":151},[47,19159,668],{"class":77},[47,19161,303],{"class":151},[47,19163,11679],{"class":155},[47,19165,309],{"class":151},[47,19167,3825],{"class":77},[47,19169,19170,19172,19174,19176],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,19171,99],{"class":98},[47,19173,78],{"class":77},[47,19175,18703],{"class":81},[47,19177,85],{"class":77},[20,19179,129],{},[38,19181,19183],{"className":40,"code":19182,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'x': None, 'y': None}\n",[15,19184,19185],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,19186,19187,19189,19191,19193,19195,19197,19199,19201,19203,19205,19207,19209,19211],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,19188,9211],{"class":77},[47,19190,159],{"class":151},[47,19192,2131],{"class":155},[47,19194,159],{"class":151},[47,19196,2826],{"class":77},[47,19198,3788],{"class":571},[47,19200,668],{"class":77},[47,19202,152],{"class":151},[47,19204,11679],{"class":155},[47,19206,159],{"class":151},[47,19208,2826],{"class":77},[47,19210,3788],{"class":571},[47,19212,9240],{"class":77},[20,19214,19215,19216,914],{},"If you do not pass a second argument, every key gets ",[15,19217,3713],{},[33,19219,19221],{"id":19220},"useful-checks","Useful checks",[20,19223,19224,19225,19227],{},"You can run these small examples to understand how ",[15,19226,17154],{}," works.",[38,19229,19231],{"className":40,"code":19230,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0))\n",[15,19232,19233],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,19234,19235,19237,19239,19241,19243,19245,19247,19249,19251,19253,19255,19257,19259,19261,19263,19265],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,19236,99],{"class":98},[47,19238,78],{"class":77},[47,19240,8753],{"class":73},[47,19242,914],{"class":77},[47,19244,17219],{"class":81},[47,19246,2928],{"class":77},[47,19248,309],{"class":151},[47,19250,360],{"class":155},[47,19252,309],{"class":151},[47,19254,668],{"class":77},[47,19256,303],{"class":151},[47,19258,4696],{"class":155},[47,19260,309],{"class":151},[47,19262,17997],{"class":77},[47,19264,3769],{"class":61},[47,19266,123],{"class":77},[38,19268,19269],{"className":40,"code":19135,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,19270,19271,19301],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,19272,19273,19275,19277,19279,19281,19283,19285,19287,19289,19291,19293,19295,19297,19299],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,19274,18670],{"class":53},[47,19276,58],{"class":57},[47,19278,9103],{"class":73},[47,19280,914],{"class":77},[47,19282,17219],{"class":81},[47,19284,2928],{"class":77},[47,19286,309],{"class":151},[47,19288,2131],{"class":155},[47,19290,309],{"class":151},[47,19292,668],{"class":77},[47,19294,303],{"class":151},[47,19296,11679],{"class":155},[47,19298,309],{"class":151},[47,19300,3825],{"class":77},[47,19302,19303,19305,19307,19309],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,19304,99],{"class":98},[47,19306,78],{"class":77},[47,19308,18703],{"class":81},[47,19310,85],{"class":77},[38,19312,19313],{"className":40,"code":18663,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,19314,19315,19347,19369],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,19316,19317,19319,19321,19323,19325,19327,19329,19331,19333,19335,19337,19339,19341,19343,19345],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,19318,18670],{"class":53},[47,19320,58],{"class":57},[47,19322,9103],{"class":73},[47,19324,914],{"class":77},[47,19326,17219],{"class":81},[47,19328,2928],{"class":77},[47,19330,309],{"class":151},[47,19332,360],{"class":155},[47,19334,309],{"class":151},[47,19336,668],{"class":77},[47,19338,303],{"class":151},[47,19340,4696],{"class":155},[47,19342,309],{"class":151},[47,19344,17997],{"class":77},[47,19346,17931],{"class":77},[47,19348,19349,19351,19353,19355,19357,19359,19361,19363,19365,19367],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,19350,18703],{"class":53},[47,19352,736],{"class":77},[47,19354,309],{"class":151},[47,19356,360],{"class":155},[47,19358,309],{"class":151},[47,19360,13485],{"class":77},[47,19362,13488],{"class":81},[47,19364,78],{"class":77},[47,19366,665],{"class":61},[47,19368,85],{"class":77},[47,19370,19371,19373,19375,19377],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,19372,99],{"class":98},[47,19374,78],{"class":77},[47,19376,18703],{"class":81},[47,19378,85],{"class":77},[38,19380,19382],{"className":40,"code":19381,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(type(dict.fromkeys([1, 2, 3], \"value\")))\n",[15,19383,19384],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,19385,19386,19388,19390,19392,19394,19396,19398,19400,19402,19404,19406,19408,19410,19412,19414,19416,19418,19420],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,19387,99],{"class":98},[47,19389,78],{"class":77},[47,19391,116],{"class":73},[47,19393,78],{"class":77},[47,19395,8753],{"class":73},[47,19397,914],{"class":77},[47,19399,17219],{"class":81},[47,19401,2928],{"class":77},[47,19403,665],{"class":61},[47,19405,668],{"class":77},[47,19407,671],{"class":61},[47,19409,668],{"class":77},[47,19411,676],{"class":61},[47,19413,17997],{"class":77},[47,19415,303],{"class":151},[47,19417,585],{"class":155},[47,19419,309],{"class":151},[47,19421,2854],{"class":77},[33,19423,1762],{"id":1761},[373,19425,1776,19427,19429],{"id":19426},"does-fromkeys-change-an-existing-dictionary",[15,19428,17154],{}," change an existing dictionary?",[20,19431,19432],{},"No. It creates and returns a new dictionary.",[373,19434,19436],{"id":19435},"what-value-is-used-if-i-do-not-pass-the-second-argument","What value is used if I do not pass the second argument?",[20,19438,19439,19440,914],{},"Each key gets ",[15,19441,3713],{},[373,19443,19445],{"id":19444},"can-i-use-a-list-as-the-default-value","Can I use a list as the default value?",[20,19447,19448],{},"Yes, but all keys will share the same list object.",[373,19450,19452],{"id":19451},"how-do-i-give-each-key-its-own-empty-list","How do I give each key its own empty list?",[20,19454,18087],{},[38,19456,19458],{"className":40,"code":19457,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n",[15,19459,19460,19492],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,19461,19462,19464,19466,19468,19470,19472,19474,19476,19478,19480,19482,19484,19486,19488,19490],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,19463,17178],{"class":53},[47,19465,58],{"class":57},[47,19467,662],{"class":77},[47,19469,309],{"class":151},[47,19471,360],{"class":155},[47,19473,309],{"class":151},[47,19475,668],{"class":77},[47,19477,303],{"class":151},[47,19479,4696],{"class":155},[47,19481,309],{"class":151},[47,19483,668],{"class":77},[47,19485,303],{"class":151},[47,19487,9671],{"class":155},[47,19489,309],{"class":151},[47,19491,679],{"class":77},[47,19493,19494,19496,19498,19500,19502,19504,19506,19508,19510,19512,19514],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,19495,9098],{"class":53},[47,19497,58],{"class":57},[47,19499,10423],{"class":77},[47,19501,14776],{"class":53},[47,19503,2826],{"class":77},[47,19505,18139],{"class":77},[47,19507,3813],{"class":3812},[47,19509,18144],{"class":53},[47,19511,3819],{"class":3812},[47,19513,18149],{"class":53},[47,19515,9240],{"class":77},[33,19517,1825],{"id":1824},[185,19519,19520,19524,19528,19532,19538],{},[188,19521,19522],{},[360,19523,11176],{"href":12960},[188,19525,19526],{},[360,19527,9088],{"href":12957},[188,19529,19530],{},[360,19531,11185],{"href":17838},[188,19533,19534],{},[360,19535,10669,19536,10673],{"href":13968},[15,19537,14888],{},[188,19539,19540],{},[360,19541,10669,19542,10673],{"href":14933},[15,19543,12710],{},[20,19545,165,19546,19548],{},[15,19547,17159],{}," when all keys should start with the same simple value. If each key needs its own separate list or dictionary, use a dictionary comprehension instead.",[1875,19550,19551],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":65,"depth":65,"links":19553},[19554,19555,19557,19561,19562,19564,19569,19571,19578,19587,19588,19595],{"id":35,"depth":65,"text":36},{"id":17259,"depth":65,"text":19556},"What dict.fromkeys() does",{"id":17303,"depth":65,"text":17304,"children":19558},[19559,19560],{"id":17330,"depth":88,"text":17331},{"id":1503,"depth":88,"text":1504},{"id":5720,"depth":65,"text":5721},{"id":17513,"depth":65,"text":19563},"Using fromkeys() without a value",{"id":17842,"depth":65,"text":17843,"children":19565},[19566,19567,19568],{"id":17872,"depth":88,"text":17873},{"id":18035,"depth":88,"text":18036},{"id":18083,"depth":88,"text":18084},{"id":18247,"depth":65,"text":19570},"When to use fromkeys()",{"id":18405,"depth":65,"text":19572,"children":19573},"fromkeys() vs creating a dictionary manually",[19574,19576,19577],{"id":18416,"depth":88,"text":19575},"Using fromkeys()",{"id":18481,"depth":88,"text":18482},{"id":18555,"depth":88,"text":18556},{"id":2774,"depth":65,"text":2775,"children":19579},[19580,19581,19583,19585],{"id":18659,"depth":88,"text":18660},{"id":18842,"depth":88,"text":19582},"Trying to call fromkeys() on a list",{"id":18976,"depth":88,"text":19584},"Expecting fromkeys() to update an existing dictionary",{"id":19129,"depth":88,"text":19586},"Forgetting that the default value is None",{"id":19220,"depth":65,"text":19221},{"id":1761,"depth":65,"text":1762,"children":19589},[19590,19592,19593,19594],{"id":19426,"depth":88,"text":19591},"Does fromkeys() change an existing dictionary?",{"id":19435,"depth":88,"text":19436},{"id":19444,"depth":88,"text":19445},{"id":19451,"depth":88,"text":19452},{"id":1824,"depth":65,"text":1825},"Master python dictionary fromkeys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method",{"title":17146,"description":19596},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method","2yJ4KIc9BK_9yVeJ8MeOaa9ypdRp2WVvVsnxvO7dWyw",{"id":19603,"title":19604,"body":19605,"description":21434,"extension":1922,"meta":21435,"navigation":91,"path":21436,"seo":21437,"stem":21438,"__hash__":21439},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method.md","Python Dictionary get() Method",{"type":7,"value":19606,"toc":21401},[19607,19612,19618,19629,19759,19766,19771,19775,19791,19793,19891,19894,19911,19915,19917,19922,19960,19963,19981,19983,20101,20106,20110,20126,20129,20265,20268,20273,20279,20282,20319,20322,20326,20331,20407,20411,20416,20498,20500,20516,20521,20525,20531,20600,20603,20620,20623,20705,20710,20713,20733,20737,20742,20748,20754,20825,20828,20834,20837,20911,20918,20924,20932,20942,20944,21039,21045,21050,21137,21143,21145,21150,21172,21175,21270,21273,21304,21317,21319,21327,21333,21339,21342,21348,21353,21360,21365,21367,21398],[10,19608,11252,19610,11256],{"id":19609},"python-dictionary-get-method",[15,19611,10672],{},[20,19613,19614,19615,19617],{},"The dictionary ",[15,19616,10672],{}," method lets you safely read a value from a dictionary.",[20,19619,19620,19621,1752,19624,2346,19626,19628],{},"It is useful when a key might be missing. Instead of crashing with a ",[15,19622,19623],{},"KeyError",[15,19625,10672],{},[15,19627,3713],{}," by default, or a custom fallback value if you provide one.",[38,19630,19632],{"className":40,"code":19631,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.get(\"name\"))           # Ana\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))           # None\nprint(person.get(\"city\", \"N\u002FA\"))    # N\u002FA\n",[15,19633,19634,19670,19674,19700,19725],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,19635,19636,19638,19640,19642,19644,19646,19648,19650,19652,19654,19656,19658,19660,19662,19664,19666,19668],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,19637,13139],{"class":53},[47,19639,58],{"class":57},[47,19641,10423],{"class":77},[47,19643,309],{"class":151},[47,19645,7601],{"class":155},[47,19647,309],{"class":151},[47,19649,2826],{"class":77},[47,19651,303],{"class":151},[47,19653,12814],{"class":155},[47,19655,309],{"class":151},[47,19657,668],{"class":77},[47,19659,303],{"class":151},[47,19661,82],{"class":155},[47,19663,309],{"class":151},[47,19665,2826],{"class":77},[47,19667,900],{"class":61},[47,19669,9240],{"class":77},[47,19671,19672],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,19673,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,19675,19676,19678,19680,19682,19684,19687,19689,19691,19693,19695,19697],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,19677,99],{"class":98},[47,19679,78],{"class":77},[47,19681,17243],{"class":81},[47,19683,914],{"class":77},[47,19685,19686],{"class":81},"get",[47,19688,78],{"class":77},[47,19690,309],{"class":151},[47,19692,7601],{"class":155},[47,19694,309],{"class":151},[47,19696,5294],{"class":77},[47,19698,19699],{"class":1378},"           # Ana\n",[47,19701,19702,19704,19706,19708,19710,19712,19714,19716,19718,19720,19722],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,19703,99],{"class":98},[47,19705,78],{"class":77},[47,19707,17243],{"class":81},[47,19709,914],{"class":77},[47,19711,19686],{"class":81},[47,19713,78],{"class":77},[47,19715,309],{"class":151},[47,19717,10341],{"class":155},[47,19719,309],{"class":151},[47,19721,5294],{"class":77},[47,19723,19724],{"class":1378},"           # None\n",[47,19726,19727,19729,19731,19733,19735,19737,19739,19741,19743,19745,19747,19749,19752,19754,19756],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,19728,99],{"class":98},[47,19730,78],{"class":77},[47,19732,17243],{"class":81},[47,19734,914],{"class":77},[47,19736,19686],{"class":81},[47,19738,78],{"class":77},[47,19740,309],{"class":151},[47,19742,10341],{"class":155},[47,19744,309],{"class":151},[47,19746,668],{"class":77},[47,19748,303],{"class":151},[47,19750,19751],{"class":155},"N\u002FA",[47,19753,309],{"class":151},[47,19755,5294],{"class":77},[47,19757,19758],{"class":1378},"    # N\u002FA\n",[20,19760,165,19761,19763,19764,914],{},[15,19762,10672],{}," when a dictionary key may be missing and you want a safe result instead of a ",[15,19765,19623],{},[33,19767,172,19769,175],{"id":19768},"what-get-does",[15,19770,10672],{},[20,19772,1939,19773,11347],{},[15,19774,10672],{},[185,19776,19777,19780,19785,19788],{},[188,19778,19779],{},"Returns the value for a given key",[188,19781,11358,19782,19784],{},[15,19783,3713],{}," if the key does not exist",[188,19786,19787],{},"Can return a custom default value instead",[188,19789,19790],{},"Works on dictionary objects only",[20,19792,800],{},[38,19794,19796],{"className":40,"code":19795,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Lina\", \"grade\": 90}\n\nprint(student.get(\"name\"))     # Lina\nprint(student.get(\"email\"))    # None\n",[15,19797,19798,19837,19841,19866],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,19799,19800,19802,19804,19806,19808,19810,19812,19814,19816,19819,19821,19823,19825,19828,19830,19832,19835],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,19801,12797],{"class":53},[47,19803,58],{"class":57},[47,19805,10423],{"class":77},[47,19807,309],{"class":151},[47,19809,7601],{"class":155},[47,19811,309],{"class":151},[47,19813,2826],{"class":77},[47,19815,303],{"class":151},[47,19817,19818],{"class":155},"Lina",[47,19820,309],{"class":151},[47,19822,668],{"class":77},[47,19824,303],{"class":151},[47,19826,19827],{"class":155},"grade",[47,19829,309],{"class":151},[47,19831,2826],{"class":77},[47,19833,19834],{"class":61}," 90",[47,19836,9240],{"class":77},[47,19838,19839],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,19840,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,19842,19843,19845,19847,19849,19851,19853,19855,19857,19859,19861,19863],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,19844,99],{"class":98},[47,19846,78],{"class":77},[47,19848,13561],{"class":81},[47,19850,914],{"class":77},[47,19852,19686],{"class":81},[47,19854,78],{"class":77},[47,19856,309],{"class":151},[47,19858,7601],{"class":155},[47,19860,309],{"class":151},[47,19862,5294],{"class":77},[47,19864,19865],{"class":1378},"     # Lina\n",[47,19867,19868,19870,19872,19874,19876,19878,19880,19882,19884,19886,19888],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,19869,99],{"class":98},[47,19871,78],{"class":77},[47,19873,13561],{"class":81},[47,19875,914],{"class":77},[47,19877,19686],{"class":81},[47,19879,78],{"class":77},[47,19881,309],{"class":151},[47,19883,15193],{"class":155},[47,19885,309],{"class":151},[47,19887,5294],{"class":77},[47,19889,19890],{"class":1378},"    # None\n",[20,19892,19893],{},"In this example:",[185,19895,19896,19901],{},[188,19897,19898,19900],{},[15,19899,15174],{}," exists, so its value is returned",[188,19902,19903,19906,19907,2346,19909],{},[15,19904,19905],{},"\"email\""," does not exist, so ",[15,19908,10672],{},[15,19910,3713],{},[20,19912,12954,19913,914],{},[360,19914,9088],{"href":9087},[33,19916,245],{"id":244},[20,19918,19919,19920,2826],{},"There are two common forms of ",[15,19921,10672],{},[38,19923,19925],{"className":40,"code":19924,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dictionary.get(key)\ndictionary.get(key, default_value)\n",[15,19926,19927,19941],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,19928,19929,19931,19933,19935,19937,19939],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,19930,15539],{"class":53},[47,19932,914],{"class":77},[47,19934,19686],{"class":81},[47,19936,78],{"class":77},[47,19938,14776],{"class":81},[47,19940,85],{"class":77},[47,19942,19943,19945,19947,19949,19951,19953,19955,19958],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,19944,15539],{"class":53},[47,19946,914],{"class":77},[47,19948,19686],{"class":81},[47,19950,78],{"class":77},[47,19952,14776],{"class":81},[47,19954,668],{"class":77},[47,19956,19957],{"class":81}," default_value",[47,19959,85],{"class":77},[20,19961,19962],{},"What each part means:",[185,19964,19965,19970,19976],{},[188,19966,19967,19969],{},[15,19968,14776],{}," is the dictionary key you want to look up",[188,19971,19972,19975],{},[15,19973,19974],{},"default_value"," is optional",[188,19977,19978,19979],{},"If you do not provide a default, Python uses ",[15,19980,3713],{},[20,19982,800],{},[38,19984,19986],{"className":40,"code":19985,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\"}\n\nprint(settings.get(\"theme\"))            # dark\nprint(settings.get(\"language\"))         # None\nprint(settings.get(\"language\", \"en\"))   # en\n",[15,19987,19988,20012,20016,20041,20067],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,19989,19990,19992,19994,19996,19998,20000,20002,20004,20006,20008,20010],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,19991,13761],{"class":53},[47,19993,58],{"class":57},[47,19995,10423],{"class":77},[47,19997,309],{"class":151},[47,19999,12428],{"class":155},[47,20001,309],{"class":151},[47,20003,2826],{"class":77},[47,20005,303],{"class":151},[47,20007,12437],{"class":155},[47,20009,309],{"class":151},[47,20011,9240],{"class":77},[47,20013,20014],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,20015,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,20017,20018,20020,20022,20024,20026,20028,20030,20032,20034,20036,20038],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,20019,99],{"class":98},[47,20021,78],{"class":77},[47,20023,13820],{"class":81},[47,20025,914],{"class":77},[47,20027,19686],{"class":81},[47,20029,78],{"class":77},[47,20031,309],{"class":151},[47,20033,12428],{"class":155},[47,20035,309],{"class":151},[47,20037,5294],{"class":77},[47,20039,20040],{"class":1378},"            # dark\n",[47,20042,20043,20045,20047,20049,20051,20053,20055,20057,20060,20062,20064],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,20044,99],{"class":98},[47,20046,78],{"class":77},[47,20048,13820],{"class":81},[47,20050,914],{"class":77},[47,20052,19686],{"class":81},[47,20054,78],{"class":77},[47,20056,309],{"class":151},[47,20058,20059],{"class":155},"language",[47,20061,309],{"class":151},[47,20063,5294],{"class":77},[47,20065,20066],{"class":1378},"         # None\n",[47,20068,20069,20071,20073,20075,20077,20079,20081,20083,20085,20087,20089,20091,20094,20096,20098],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,20070,99],{"class":98},[47,20072,78],{"class":77},[47,20074,13820],{"class":81},[47,20076,914],{"class":77},[47,20078,19686],{"class":81},[47,20080,78],{"class":77},[47,20082,309],{"class":151},[47,20084,20059],{"class":155},[47,20086,309],{"class":151},[47,20088,668],{"class":77},[47,20090,303],{"class":151},[47,20092,20093],{"class":155},"en",[47,20095,309],{"class":151},[47,20097,5294],{"class":77},[47,20099,20100],{"class":1378},"   # en\n",[33,20102,773,20104],{"id":20103},"when-to-use-get",[15,20105,10672],{},[20,20107,165,20108,10533],{},[15,20109,10672],{},[185,20111,20112,20115,20120,20123],{},[188,20113,20114],{},"A key might not exist",[188,20116,20117,20118],{},"You want to avoid ",[15,20119,19623],{},[188,20121,20122],{},"You are reading optional data",[188,20124,20125],{},"You are working with JSON, user input, or config data",[20,20127,20128],{},"Example with optional user data:",[38,20130,20132],{"className":40,"code":20131,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"user = {\"username\": \"sam\", \"email\": \"sam@example.com\"}\n\nprint(user.get(\"username\"))              # sam\nprint(user.get(\"phone\"))                 # None\nprint(user.get(\"phone\", \"Not provided\")) # Not provided\n",[15,20133,20134,20176,20180,20205,20231],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,20135,20136,20138,20140,20142,20144,20146,20148,20150,20152,20155,20157,20159,20161,20163,20165,20167,20169,20172,20174],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,20137,11422],{"class":53},[47,20139,58],{"class":57},[47,20141,10423],{"class":77},[47,20143,309],{"class":151},[47,20145,7916],{"class":155},[47,20147,309],{"class":151},[47,20149,2826],{"class":77},[47,20151,303],{"class":151},[47,20153,20154],{"class":155},"sam",[47,20156,309],{"class":151},[47,20158,668],{"class":77},[47,20160,303],{"class":151},[47,20162,15193],{"class":155},[47,20164,309],{"class":151},[47,20166,2826],{"class":77},[47,20168,303],{"class":151},[47,20170,20171],{"class":155},"sam@example.com",[47,20173,309],{"class":151},[47,20175,9240],{"class":77},[47,20177,20178],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,20179,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,20181,20182,20184,20186,20188,20190,20192,20194,20196,20198,20200,20202],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,20183,99],{"class":98},[47,20185,78],{"class":77},[47,20187,11515],{"class":81},[47,20189,914],{"class":77},[47,20191,19686],{"class":81},[47,20193,78],{"class":77},[47,20195,309],{"class":151},[47,20197,7916],{"class":155},[47,20199,309],{"class":151},[47,20201,5294],{"class":77},[47,20203,20204],{"class":1378},"              # sam\n",[47,20206,20207,20209,20211,20213,20215,20217,20219,20221,20224,20226,20228],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,20208,99],{"class":98},[47,20210,78],{"class":77},[47,20212,11515],{"class":81},[47,20214,914],{"class":77},[47,20216,19686],{"class":81},[47,20218,78],{"class":77},[47,20220,309],{"class":151},[47,20222,20223],{"class":155},"phone",[47,20225,309],{"class":151},[47,20227,5294],{"class":77},[47,20229,20230],{"class":1378},"                 # None\n",[47,20232,20233,20235,20237,20239,20241,20243,20245,20247,20249,20251,20253,20255,20258,20260,20262],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,20234,99],{"class":98},[47,20236,78],{"class":77},[47,20238,11515],{"class":81},[47,20240,914],{"class":77},[47,20242,19686],{"class":81},[47,20244,78],{"class":77},[47,20246,309],{"class":151},[47,20248,20223],{"class":155},[47,20250,309],{"class":151},[47,20252,668],{"class":77},[47,20254,303],{"class":151},[47,20256,20257],{"class":155},"Not provided",[47,20259,309],{"class":151},[47,20261,5294],{"class":77},[47,20263,20264],{"class":1378}," # Not provided\n",[20,20266,20267],{},"This is common when some fields are optional.",[20,20269,20270,20271,914],{},"If you want more help with reading dictionary values, see ",[360,20272,16533],{"href":16532},[33,20274,20276,20278],{"id":20275},"get-vs-square-brackets",[15,20277,10672],{}," vs square brackets",[20,20280,20281],{},"You can access dictionary values in two common ways:",[38,20283,20285],{"className":40,"code":20284,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data[\"key\"]\ndata.get(\"key\")\n",[15,20286,20287,20301],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,20288,20289,20291,20293,20295,20297,20299],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,20290,9137],{"class":53},[47,20292,736],{"class":77},[47,20294,309],{"class":151},[47,20296,14776],{"class":155},[47,20298,309],{"class":151},[47,20300,679],{"class":77},[47,20302,20303,20305,20307,20309,20311,20313,20315,20317],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,20304,9137],{"class":53},[47,20306,914],{"class":77},[47,20308,19686],{"class":81},[47,20310,78],{"class":77},[47,20312,309],{"class":151},[47,20314,14776],{"class":155},[47,20316,309],{"class":151},[47,20318,85],{"class":77},[20,20320,20321],{},"The difference is important.",[373,20323,20325],{"id":20324},"square-brackets","Square brackets",[20,20327,20328,20329,914],{},"Square brackets are strict. If the key is missing, Python raises a ",[15,20330,19623],{},[38,20332,20334],{"className":40,"code":20333,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data[\"name\"])   # Ana\nprint(data[\"city\"])   # KeyError\n",[15,20335,20336,20360,20364,20386],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,20337,20338,20340,20342,20344,20346,20348,20350,20352,20354,20356,20358],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,20339,9098],{"class":53},[47,20341,58],{"class":57},[47,20343,10423],{"class":77},[47,20345,309],{"class":151},[47,20347,7601],{"class":155},[47,20349,309],{"class":151},[47,20351,2826],{"class":77},[47,20353,303],{"class":151},[47,20355,12814],{"class":155},[47,20357,309],{"class":151},[47,20359,9240],{"class":77},[47,20361,20362],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,20363,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,20365,20366,20368,20370,20372,20374,20376,20378,20380,20383],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,20367,99],{"class":98},[47,20369,78],{"class":77},[47,20371,9137],{"class":81},[47,20373,736],{"class":77},[47,20375,309],{"class":151},[47,20377,7601],{"class":155},[47,20379,309],{"class":151},[47,20381,20382],{"class":77},"])",[47,20384,20385],{"class":1378},"   # Ana\n",[47,20387,20388,20390,20392,20394,20396,20398,20400,20402,20404],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,20389,99],{"class":98},[47,20391,78],{"class":77},[47,20393,9137],{"class":81},[47,20395,736],{"class":77},[47,20397,309],{"class":151},[47,20399,10341],{"class":155},[47,20401,309],{"class":151},[47,20403,20382],{"class":77},[47,20405,20406],{"class":1378},"   # KeyError\n",[373,20408,20409],{"id":19686},[15,20410,10672],{},[20,20412,20413,20415],{},[15,20414,10672],{}," is safe for missing keys.",[38,20417,20419],{"className":40,"code":20418,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data.get(\"name\"))   # Ana\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))   # None\n",[15,20420,20421,20445,20449,20473],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,20422,20423,20425,20427,20429,20431,20433,20435,20437,20439,20441,20443],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,20424,9098],{"class":53},[47,20426,58],{"class":57},[47,20428,10423],{"class":77},[47,20430,309],{"class":151},[47,20432,7601],{"class":155},[47,20434,309],{"class":151},[47,20436,2826],{"class":77},[47,20438,303],{"class":151},[47,20440,12814],{"class":155},[47,20442,309],{"class":151},[47,20444,9240],{"class":77},[47,20446,20447],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,20448,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,20450,20451,20453,20455,20457,20459,20461,20463,20465,20467,20469,20471],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,20452,99],{"class":98},[47,20454,78],{"class":77},[47,20456,9137],{"class":81},[47,20458,914],{"class":77},[47,20460,19686],{"class":81},[47,20462,78],{"class":77},[47,20464,309],{"class":151},[47,20466,7601],{"class":155},[47,20468,309],{"class":151},[47,20470,5294],{"class":77},[47,20472,20385],{"class":1378},[47,20474,20475,20477,20479,20481,20483,20485,20487,20489,20491,20493,20495],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,20476,99],{"class":98},[47,20478,78],{"class":77},[47,20480,9137],{"class":81},[47,20482,914],{"class":77},[47,20484,19686],{"class":81},[47,20486,78],{"class":77},[47,20488,309],{"class":151},[47,20490,10341],{"class":155},[47,20492,309],{"class":151},[47,20494,5294],{"class":77},[47,20496,20497],{"class":1378},"   # None\n",[20,20499,18630],{},[185,20501,20502,20508],{},[188,20503,20504,20505],{},"Square brackets when the key ",[127,20506,20507],{},"must exist",[188,20509,20510,20512,20513],{},[15,20511,10672],{}," when the key is ",[127,20514,20515],{},"optional",[20,20517,20518,20519,914],{},"If you are seeing crashes from missing keys, read ",[360,20520,11196],{"href":11007},[33,20522,20524],{"id":20523},"using-a-default-value","Using a default value",[20,20526,20527,20528,20530],{},"You can pass a second argument to ",[15,20529,10672],{}," to choose what should be returned if the key is missing.",[38,20532,20534],{"className":40,"code":20533,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"profile = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(profile.get(\"country\", \"Unknown\"))  # Unknown\n",[15,20535,20536,20561,20565],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,20537,20538,20541,20543,20545,20547,20549,20551,20553,20555,20557,20559],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,20539,20540],{"class":53},"profile ",[47,20542,58],{"class":57},[47,20544,10423],{"class":77},[47,20546,309],{"class":151},[47,20548,7601],{"class":155},[47,20550,309],{"class":151},[47,20552,2826],{"class":77},[47,20554,303],{"class":151},[47,20556,7852],{"class":155},[47,20558,309],{"class":151},[47,20560,9240],{"class":77},[47,20562,20563],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,20564,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,20566,20567,20569,20571,20574,20576,20578,20580,20582,20584,20586,20588,20590,20593,20595,20597],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,20568,99],{"class":98},[47,20570,78],{"class":77},[47,20572,20573],{"class":81},"profile",[47,20575,914],{"class":77},[47,20577,19686],{"class":81},[47,20579,78],{"class":77},[47,20581,309],{"class":151},[47,20583,15196],{"class":155},[47,20585,309],{"class":151},[47,20587,668],{"class":77},[47,20589,303],{"class":151},[47,20591,20592],{"class":155},"Unknown",[47,20594,309],{"class":151},[47,20596,5294],{"class":77},[47,20598,20599],{"class":1378},"  # Unknown\n",[20,20601,20602],{},"This is useful for display text:",[185,20604,20605,20610,20615],{},[188,20606,20607],{},[15,20608,20609],{},"\"Unknown\"",[188,20611,20612],{},[15,20613,20614],{},"\"Not set\"",[188,20616,20617],{},[15,20618,20619],{},"\"N\u002FA\"",[20,20621,20622],{},"It is also useful in calculations:",[38,20624,20626],{"className":40,"code":20625,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"scores = {\"math\": 10, \"science\": 8}\n\ntotal_history = scores.get(\"history\", 0)\nprint(total_history)   # 0\n",[15,20627,20628,20660,20664,20691],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,20629,20630,20632,20634,20636,20638,20640,20642,20644,20646,20648,20650,20652,20654,20656,20658],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,20631,4998],{"class":53},[47,20633,58],{"class":57},[47,20635,10423],{"class":77},[47,20637,309],{"class":151},[47,20639,18352],{"class":155},[47,20641,309],{"class":151},[47,20643,2826],{"class":77},[47,20645,5939],{"class":61},[47,20647,668],{"class":77},[47,20649,303],{"class":151},[47,20651,18361],{"class":155},[47,20653,309],{"class":151},[47,20655,2826],{"class":77},[47,20657,6295],{"class":61},[47,20659,9240],{"class":77},[47,20661,20662],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,20663,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,20665,20666,20669,20671,20673,20675,20677,20679,20681,20683,20685,20687,20689],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,20667,20668],{"class":53},"total_history ",[47,20670,58],{"class":57},[47,20672,5044],{"class":53},[47,20674,914],{"class":77},[47,20676,19686],{"class":81},[47,20678,78],{"class":77},[47,20680,309],{"class":151},[47,20682,18370],{"class":155},[47,20684,309],{"class":151},[47,20686,668],{"class":77},[47,20688,3769],{"class":61},[47,20690,85],{"class":77},[47,20692,20693,20695,20697,20700,20702],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,20694,99],{"class":98},[47,20696,78],{"class":77},[47,20698,20699],{"class":81},"total_history",[47,20701,862],{"class":77},[47,20703,20704],{"class":1378},"   # 0\n",[20,20706,267,20707,20709],{},[15,20708,2077],{}," is a good default because the code expects a number.",[20,20711,20712],{},"Try to choose a default value that matches the type you expect:",[185,20714,20715,20718,20723,20728],{},[188,20716,20717],{},"Use a string for text",[188,20719,165,20720,20722],{},[15,20721,2077],{}," for numbers",[188,20724,165,20725,20727],{},[15,20726,3722],{}," for lists if needed",[188,20729,165,20730,20732],{},[15,20731,3727],{}," for dictionaries if needed",[33,20734,20736],{"id":20735},"important-beginner-notes","Important beginner notes",[20,20738,20739,20740,914],{},"There are a few things beginners often miss about ",[15,20741,10672],{},[373,20743,20745,20747],{"id":20744},"get-does-not-add-a-missing-key",[15,20746,10672],{}," does not add a missing key",[20,20749,20750,20751,20753],{},"This code does ",[127,20752,768],{}," create a new key:",[38,20755,20757],{"className":40,"code":20756,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))  # None\nprint(person)              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,20758,20759,20783,20787,20812],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,20760,20761,20763,20765,20767,20769,20771,20773,20775,20777,20779,20781],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,20762,13139],{"class":53},[47,20764,58],{"class":57},[47,20766,10423],{"class":77},[47,20768,309],{"class":151},[47,20770,7601],{"class":155},[47,20772,309],{"class":151},[47,20774,2826],{"class":77},[47,20776,303],{"class":151},[47,20778,12814],{"class":155},[47,20780,309],{"class":151},[47,20782,9240],{"class":77},[47,20784,20785],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,20786,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,20788,20789,20791,20793,20795,20797,20799,20801,20803,20805,20807,20809],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,20790,99],{"class":98},[47,20792,78],{"class":77},[47,20794,17243],{"class":81},[47,20796,914],{"class":77},[47,20798,19686],{"class":81},[47,20800,78],{"class":77},[47,20802,309],{"class":151},[47,20804,10341],{"class":155},[47,20806,309],{"class":151},[47,20808,5294],{"class":77},[47,20810,20811],{"class":1378},"  # None\n",[47,20813,20814,20816,20818,20820,20822],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,20815,99],{"class":98},[47,20817,78],{"class":77},[47,20819,17243],{"class":81},[47,20821,862],{"class":77},[47,20823,20824],{"class":1378},"              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[20,20826,20827],{},"The dictionary stays the same.",[373,20829,20831,20833],{"id":20830},"get-does-not-change-the-dictionary",[15,20832,10672],{}," does not change the dictionary",[20,20835,20836],{},"It only reads a value safely.",[38,20838,20840],{"className":40,"code":20839,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"settings = {\"mode\": \"light\"}\n\nsettings.get(\"theme\", \"dark\")\nprint(settings)   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[15,20841,20842,20868,20872,20898],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,20843,20844,20846,20848,20850,20852,20855,20857,20859,20861,20864,20866],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,20845,13761],{"class":53},[47,20847,58],{"class":57},[47,20849,10423],{"class":77},[47,20851,309],{"class":151},[47,20853,20854],{"class":155},"mode",[47,20856,309],{"class":151},[47,20858,2826],{"class":77},[47,20860,303],{"class":151},[47,20862,20863],{"class":155},"light",[47,20865,309],{"class":151},[47,20867,9240],{"class":77},[47,20869,20870],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,20871,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,20873,20874,20876,20878,20880,20882,20884,20886,20888,20890,20892,20894,20896],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,20875,13820],{"class":53},[47,20877,914],{"class":77},[47,20879,19686],{"class":81},[47,20881,78],{"class":77},[47,20883,309],{"class":151},[47,20885,12428],{"class":155},[47,20887,309],{"class":151},[47,20889,668],{"class":77},[47,20891,303],{"class":151},[47,20893,12437],{"class":155},[47,20895,309],{"class":151},[47,20897,85],{"class":77},[47,20899,20900,20902,20904,20906,20908],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,20901,99],{"class":98},[47,20903,78],{"class":77},[47,20905,13820],{"class":81},[47,20907,862],{"class":77},[47,20909,20910],{"class":1378},"   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[20,20912,20913,20914,20917],{},"Even though ",[15,20915,20916],{},"\"dark\""," was returned as a default, it was not saved into the dictionary.",[373,20919,20921,20922],{"id":20920},"a-stored-value-can-also-be-none","A stored value can also be ",[15,20923,3713],{},[20,20925,20926,20927,2346,20929,20931],{},"Sometimes ",[15,20928,10672],{},[15,20930,3713],{}," because:",[185,20933,20934,20937],{},[188,20935,20936],{},"The key is missing, or",[188,20938,20939,20940],{},"The key exists and its value is actually ",[15,20941,3713],{},[20,20943,800],{},[38,20945,20947],{"className":40,"code":20946,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(data.get(\"nickname\"))  # None\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))      # None\n",[15,20948,20949,20986,20990,21014],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,20950,20951,20953,20955,20957,20959,20961,20963,20965,20967,20969,20971,20973,20975,20978,20980,20982,20984],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,20952,9098],{"class":53},[47,20954,58],{"class":57},[47,20956,10423],{"class":77},[47,20958,309],{"class":151},[47,20960,7601],{"class":155},[47,20962,309],{"class":151},[47,20964,2826],{"class":77},[47,20966,303],{"class":151},[47,20968,12814],{"class":155},[47,20970,309],{"class":151},[47,20972,668],{"class":77},[47,20974,303],{"class":151},[47,20976,20977],{"class":155},"nickname",[47,20979,309],{"class":151},[47,20981,2826],{"class":77},[47,20983,3788],{"class":571},[47,20985,9240],{"class":77},[47,20987,20988],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,20989,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,20991,20992,20994,20996,20998,21000,21002,21004,21006,21008,21010,21012],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,20993,99],{"class":98},[47,20995,78],{"class":77},[47,20997,9137],{"class":81},[47,20999,914],{"class":77},[47,21001,19686],{"class":81},[47,21003,78],{"class":77},[47,21005,309],{"class":151},[47,21007,20977],{"class":155},[47,21009,309],{"class":151},[47,21011,5294],{"class":77},[47,21013,20811],{"class":1378},[47,21015,21016,21018,21020,21022,21024,21026,21028,21030,21032,21034,21036],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,21017,99],{"class":98},[47,21019,78],{"class":77},[47,21021,9137],{"class":81},[47,21023,914],{"class":77},[47,21025,19686],{"class":81},[47,21027,78],{"class":77},[47,21029,309],{"class":151},[47,21031,10341],{"class":155},[47,21033,309],{"class":151},[47,21035,5294],{"class":77},[47,21037,21038],{"class":1378},"      # None\n",[20,21040,21041,21042,21044],{},"Both lines print ",[15,21043,3713],{},", but they mean different things.",[20,21046,21047,21048,2826],{},"If you need to know whether the key exists, check with ",[15,21049,3819],{},[38,21051,21053],{"className":40,"code":21052,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(\"nickname\" in data)  # True\nprint(\"city\" in data)      # False\n",[15,21054,21055,21091,21095,21116],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,21056,21057,21059,21061,21063,21065,21067,21069,21071,21073,21075,21077,21079,21081,21083,21085,21087,21089],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,21058,9098],{"class":53},[47,21060,58],{"class":57},[47,21062,10423],{"class":77},[47,21064,309],{"class":151},[47,21066,7601],{"class":155},[47,21068,309],{"class":151},[47,21070,2826],{"class":77},[47,21072,303],{"class":151},[47,21074,12814],{"class":155},[47,21076,309],{"class":151},[47,21078,668],{"class":77},[47,21080,303],{"class":151},[47,21082,20977],{"class":155},[47,21084,309],{"class":151},[47,21086,2826],{"class":77},[47,21088,3788],{"class":571},[47,21090,9240],{"class":77},[47,21092,21093],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,21094,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,21096,21097,21099,21101,21103,21105,21107,21110,21112,21114],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,21098,99],{"class":98},[47,21100,78],{"class":77},[47,21102,309],{"class":151},[47,21104,20977],{"class":155},[47,21106,309],{"class":151},[47,21108,21109],{"class":3812}," in",[47,21111,14501],{"class":81},[47,21113,862],{"class":77},[47,21115,3599],{"class":1378},[47,21117,21118,21120,21122,21124,21126,21128,21130,21132,21134],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,21119,99],{"class":98},[47,21121,78],{"class":77},[47,21123,309],{"class":151},[47,21125,10341],{"class":155},[47,21127,309],{"class":151},[47,21129,21109],{"class":3812},[47,21131,14501],{"class":81},[47,21133,862],{"class":77},[47,21135,21136],{"class":1378},"      # False\n",[20,21138,21139,21140,914],{},"For a full beginner guide, see ",[360,21141,21142],{"href":17089},"how to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[33,21144,2775],{"id":2774},[20,21146,21147,21148,2826],{},"Here are some common problems when using ",[15,21149,10672],{},[185,21151,21152,21157,21164,21169],{},[188,21153,21154,21155],{},"Using square brackets for optional keys and getting a ",[15,21156,19623],{},[188,21158,4639,21159,2346,21161,21163],{},[15,21160,10672],{},[15,21162,3713],{}," if no default is provided",[188,21165,4514,21166,21168],{},[15,21167,10672],{}," creates a key automatically",[188,21170,21171],{},"Using a default value of the wrong type",[20,21173,21174],{},"Debugging steps that help:",[38,21176,21178],{"className":40,"code":21177,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.get('name'))\nprint(type(my_dict.get('name')))\n",[15,21179,21180,21190,21204,21222,21244],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,21181,21182,21184,21186,21188],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,21183,99],{"class":98},[47,21185,78],{"class":77},[47,21187,11384],{"class":81},[47,21189,85],{"class":77},[47,21191,21192,21194,21196,21198,21200,21202],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,21193,99],{"class":98},[47,21195,78],{"class":77},[47,21197,11384],{"class":81},[47,21199,914],{"class":77},[47,21201,16859],{"class":81},[47,21203,7127],{"class":77},[47,21205,21206,21208,21210,21212,21214,21216,21218,21220],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,21207,99],{"class":98},[47,21209,78],{"class":77},[47,21211,159],{"class":151},[47,21213,7601],{"class":155},[47,21215,159],{"class":151},[47,21217,21109],{"class":3812},[47,21219,11700],{"class":81},[47,21221,85],{"class":77},[47,21223,21224,21226,21228,21230,21232,21234,21236,21238,21240,21242],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,21225,99],{"class":98},[47,21227,78],{"class":77},[47,21229,11384],{"class":81},[47,21231,914],{"class":77},[47,21233,19686],{"class":81},[47,21235,78],{"class":77},[47,21237,159],{"class":151},[47,21239,7601],{"class":155},[47,21241,159],{"class":151},[47,21243,123],{"class":77},[47,21245,21246,21248,21250,21252,21254,21256,21258,21260,21262,21264,21266,21268],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,21247,99],{"class":98},[47,21249,78],{"class":77},[47,21251,116],{"class":73},[47,21253,78],{"class":77},[47,21255,11384],{"class":81},[47,21257,914],{"class":77},[47,21259,19686],{"class":81},[47,21261,78],{"class":77},[47,21263,159],{"class":151},[47,21265,7601],{"class":155},[47,21267,159],{"class":151},[47,21269,2854],{"class":77},[20,21271,21272],{},"What these checks tell you:",[185,21274,21275,21280,21286,21292,21298],{},[188,21276,21277,21279],{},[15,21278,12613],{}," shows the full dictionary",[188,21281,21282,21285],{},[15,21283,21284],{},"print(my_dict.keys())"," shows which keys exist",[188,21287,21288,21291],{},[15,21289,21290],{},"print('name' in my_dict)"," checks if a specific key exists",[188,21293,21294,21297],{},[15,21295,21296],{},"print(my_dict.get('name'))"," shows the returned value",[188,21299,21300,21303],{},[15,21301,21302],{},"print(type(my_dict.get('name')))"," shows the value type",[20,21305,21306,21307,4329,21312,21316],{},"You may also want to learn about ",[360,21308,21309,21310,10673],{"href":16998},"the dictionary ",[15,21311,17001],{},[360,21313,21309,21314,10673],{"href":17011},[15,21315,17014],{}," when inspecting dictionary contents.",[33,21318,1762],{"id":1761},[373,21320,1776,21322,21324,21325,1812],{"id":21321},"does-get-raise-keyerror",[15,21323,10672],{}," raise ",[15,21326,19623],{},[20,21328,21329,21330,21332],{},"No. If the key is missing, it returns ",[15,21331,3713],{}," or the default value you provide.",[373,21334,1776,21336,21338],{"id":21335},"does-get-add-a-key-to-the-dictionary",[15,21337,10672],{}," add a key to the dictionary?",[20,21340,21341],{},"No. It only reads a value safely.",[373,21343,21345,21346,1812],{"id":21344},"what-is-the-default-return-value-of-get","What is the default return value of ",[15,21347,10672],{},[20,21349,21350,21352],{},[15,21351,3713],{},", unless you pass a second argument.",[373,21354,21356,21357,21359],{"id":21355},"should-i-use-get-or-square-brackets","Should I use ",[15,21358,10672],{}," or square brackets?",[20,21361,165,21362,21364],{},[15,21363,10672],{}," for optional keys. Use square brackets when the key must exist.",[33,21366,1825],{"id":1824},[185,21368,21369,21373,21379,21385,21389,21394],{},[188,21370,21371],{},[360,21372,9088],{"href":9087},[188,21374,21375],{},[360,21376,10669,21377,10673],{"href":16998},[15,21378,17001],{},[188,21380,21381],{},[360,21382,10669,21383,10673],{"href":17011},[15,21384,17014],{},[188,21386,21387],{},[360,21388,17090],{"href":17089},[188,21390,21391],{},[360,21392,21393],{"href":16532},"How to access values in a dictionary in Python",[188,21395,21396],{},[360,21397,11196],{"href":11007},[1875,21399,21400],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: 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brackets",[21411,21412],{"id":20324,"depth":88,"text":20325},{"id":19686,"depth":88,"text":10672},{"id":20523,"depth":65,"text":20524},{"id":20735,"depth":65,"text":20736,"children":21415},[21416,21418,21420],{"id":20744,"depth":88,"text":21417},"get() does not add a missing key",{"id":20830,"depth":88,"text":21419},"get() does not change the dictionary",{"id":20920,"depth":88,"text":21421},"A stored value can also be None",{"id":2774,"depth":65,"text":2775},{"id":1761,"depth":65,"text":1762,"children":21424},[21425,21427,21429,21431],{"id":21321,"depth":88,"text":21426},"Does get() raise KeyError?",{"id":21335,"depth":88,"text":21428},"Does get() add a key to the dictionary?",{"id":21344,"depth":88,"text":21430},"What is the default return value of get()?",{"id":21355,"depth":88,"text":21432},"Should I use get() or square brackets?",{"id":1824,"depth":65,"text":1825},"Master python dictionary get method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method",{"title":19604,"description":21434},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method","nLl6HZ6KZg7GUYDF-4amCD2Q5QTayzRXFN3p-YK5PQI",{"id":21441,"title":21442,"body":21443,"description":23998,"extension":1922,"meta":23999,"navigation":91,"path":24000,"seo":24001,"stem":24002,"__hash__":24003},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method.md","Python Dictionary items() Method",{"type":7,"value":21444,"toc":23964},[21445,21450,21456,21462,21464,21546,21550,21566,21571,21576,21581,21583,21597,21599,21662,21666,21706,21714,21716,21718,21733,21736,21749,21751,21830,21834,21900,21902,21906,21913,21915,21926,21928,22038,22042,22121,22127,22133,22138,22251,22255,22287,22290,22397,22403,22410,22414,22417,22520,22524,22585,22588,22591,22602,22611,22614,22631,22633,22732,22736,22811,22814,22837,22842,22847,22864,22866,22987,22991,23025,23027,23032,23039,23049,23051,23129,23132,23203,23213,23216,23248,23251,23290,23296,23303,23306,23397,23401,23482,23488,23491,23494,23599,23602,23605,23727,23731,23734,23801,23805,23842,23848,23850,23856,23861,23867,23874,23880,23883,23922,23928,23931,23933,23961],[10,21446,11252,21448,11256],{"id":21447},"python-dictionary-items-method",[15,21449,17014],{},[20,21451,1939,21452,21455],{},[15,21453,21454],{},"dict.items()"," method lets you get both the keys and values from a dictionary at the same time.",[20,21457,21458,21459,21461],{},"Beginners usually use it when looping through a dictionary. Instead of getting a key first and then looking up its value, ",[15,21460,17014],{}," gives you each key-value pair together.",[33,21463,36],{"id":35},[38,21465,21467],{"className":40,"code":21466,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,21468,21469,21505,21509,21532],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,21470,21471,21473,21475,21477,21479,21481,21483,21485,21487,21489,21491,21493,21495,21497,21499,21501,21503],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,21472,13139],{"class":53},[47,21474,58],{"class":57},[47,21476,10423],{"class":77},[47,21478,309],{"class":151},[47,21480,7601],{"class":155},[47,21482,309],{"class":151},[47,21484,2826],{"class":77},[47,21486,303],{"class":151},[47,21488,12814],{"class":155},[47,21490,309],{"class":151},[47,21492,668],{"class":77},[47,21494,303],{"class":151},[47,21496,82],{"class":155},[47,21498,309],{"class":151},[47,21500,2826],{"class":77},[47,21502,900],{"class":61},[47,21504,9240],{"class":77},[47,21506,21507],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,21508,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,21510,21511,21513,21516,21518,21521,21523,21525,21527,21529],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,21512,5892],{"class":3812},[47,21514,21515],{"class":53}," key",[47,21517,668],{"class":77},[47,21519,21520],{"class":53}," value ",[47,21522,3819],{"class":3812},[47,21524,13182],{"class":53},[47,21526,914],{"class":77},[47,21528,692],{"class":81},[47,21530,21531],{"class":77},"():\n",[47,21533,21534,21536,21538,21540,21542,21544],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,21535,8000],{"class":98},[47,21537,78],{"class":77},[47,21539,14776],{"class":81},[47,21541,668],{"class":77},[47,21543,8364],{"class":81},[47,21545,85],{"class":77},[20,21547,21548],{},[127,21549,129],{},[38,21551,21553],{"className":40,"code":21552,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name Ana\nage 25\n",[15,21554,21555,21560],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,21556,21557],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,21558,21559],{"class":53},"name Ana\n",[47,21561,21562,21564],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,21563,54],{"class":53},[47,21565,139],{"class":61},[20,21567,165,21568,21570],{},[15,21569,17014],{}," when you need both the dictionary key and its value in the same loop.",[33,21572,172,21574,175],{"id":21573},"what-items-does",[15,21575,17014],{},[20,21577,21578,21580],{},[15,21579,17014],{}," returns all key-value pairs from a dictionary.",[20,21582,1515],{},[185,21584,21585,21591,21594],{},[188,21586,21587,21588],{},"Each result is a pair in the form ",[15,21589,21590],{},"(key, value)",[188,21592,21593],{},"Each pair is a tuple",[188,21595,21596],{},"The most common use is looping through a dictionary",[20,21598,800],{},[38,21600,21602],{"className":40,"code":21601,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,21603,21604,21640,21644],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,21605,21606,21608,21610,21612,21614,21616,21618,21620,21622,21624,21626,21628,21630,21632,21634,21636,21638],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,21607,13139],{"class":53},[47,21609,58],{"class":57},[47,21611,10423],{"class":77},[47,21613,309],{"class":151},[47,21615,7601],{"class":155},[47,21617,309],{"class":151},[47,21619,2826],{"class":77},[47,21621,303],{"class":151},[47,21623,12814],{"class":155},[47,21625,309],{"class":151},[47,21627,668],{"class":77},[47,21629,303],{"class":151},[47,21631,82],{"class":155},[47,21633,309],{"class":151},[47,21635,2826],{"class":77},[47,21637,900],{"class":61},[47,21639,9240],{"class":77},[47,21641,21642],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,21643,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,21645,21646,21648,21650,21652,21654,21656,21658,21660],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,21647,99],{"class":98},[47,21649,78],{"class":77},[47,21651,8025],{"class":73},[47,21653,78],{"class":77},[47,21655,17243],{"class":81},[47,21657,914],{"class":77},[47,21659,692],{"class":81},[47,21661,6225],{"class":77},[20,21663,21664],{},[127,21665,129],{},[38,21667,21669],{"className":40,"code":21668,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,21670,21671],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,21672,21673,21676,21678,21680,21682,21684,21686,21688,21690,21692,21694,21696,21698,21700,21702,21704],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,21674,21675],{"class":77},"[(",[47,21677,159],{"class":151},[47,21679,7601],{"class":155},[47,21681,159],{"class":151},[47,21683,668],{"class":77},[47,21685,152],{"class":151},[47,21687,12814],{"class":155},[47,21689,159],{"class":151},[47,21691,9166],{"class":77},[47,21693,9169],{"class":77},[47,21695,159],{"class":151},[47,21697,82],{"class":155},[47,21699,159],{"class":151},[47,21701,668],{"class":77},[47,21703,900],{"class":61},[47,21705,9182],{"class":77},[20,21707,21708,21709,1389,21711,914],{},"If you are still learning dictionaries, see ",[360,21710,9088],{"href":12957},[360,21712,14959],{"href":21713},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python",[33,21715,245],{"id":244},[20,21717,5367],{},[38,21719,21721],{"className":40,"code":21720,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_dict.items()\n",[15,21722,21723],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,21724,21725,21727,21729,21731],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,21726,11384],{"class":53},[47,21728,914],{"class":77},[47,21730,692],{"class":81},[47,21732,8574],{"class":77},[20,21734,21735],{},"Things to remember:",[185,21737,21738,21743,21746],{},[188,21739,21740,21742],{},[15,21741,17014],{}," does not take any arguments",[188,21744,21745],{},"It does not change the original dictionary",[188,21747,21748],{},"It gives you a way to access key-value pairs",[20,21750,800],{},[38,21752,21754],{"className":40,"code":21753,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"scores = {\"Alice\": 90, \"Bob\": 85}\n\nresult = scores.items()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,21755,21756,21788,21792,21806,21810,21820],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,21757,21758,21760,21762,21764,21766,21768,21770,21772,21774,21776,21778,21780,21782,21784,21786],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,21759,4998],{"class":53},[47,21761,58],{"class":57},[47,21763,10423],{"class":77},[47,21765,309],{"class":151},[47,21767,4938],{"class":155},[47,21769,309],{"class":151},[47,21771,2826],{"class":77},[47,21773,19834],{"class":61},[47,21775,668],{"class":77},[47,21777,303],{"class":151},[47,21779,4947],{"class":155},[47,21781,309],{"class":151},[47,21783,2826],{"class":77},[47,21785,13442],{"class":61},[47,21787,9240],{"class":77},[47,21789,21790],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,21791,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,21793,21794,21796,21798,21800,21802,21804],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,21795,2184],{"class":53},[47,21797,58],{"class":57},[47,21799,5044],{"class":53},[47,21801,914],{"class":77},[47,21803,692],{"class":81},[47,21805,8574],{"class":77},[47,21807,21808],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,21809,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,21811,21812,21814,21816,21818],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,21813,99],{"class":98},[47,21815,78],{"class":77},[47,21817,2218],{"class":81},[47,21819,85],{"class":77},[47,21821,21822,21824,21826,21828],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,21823,99],{"class":98},[47,21825,78],{"class":77},[47,21827,16324],{"class":81},[47,21829,85],{"class":77},[20,21831,21832],{},[127,21833,129],{},[38,21835,21837],{"className":40,"code":21836,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dict_items([('Alice', 90), ('Bob', 85)])\n{'Alice': 90, 'Bob': 85}\n",[15,21838,21839,21872],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,21840,21841,21844,21846,21848,21850,21852,21854,21856,21858,21860,21862,21864,21866,21868,21870],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,21842,21843],{"class":81},"dict_items",[47,21845,9589],{"class":77},[47,21847,159],{"class":151},[47,21849,4938],{"class":155},[47,21851,159],{"class":151},[47,21853,668],{"class":77},[47,21855,19834],{"class":61},[47,21857,9166],{"class":77},[47,21859,9169],{"class":77},[47,21861,159],{"class":151},[47,21863,4947],{"class":155},[47,21865,159],{"class":151},[47,21867,668],{"class":77},[47,21869,13442],{"class":61},[47,21871,10611],{"class":77},[47,21873,21874,21876,21878,21880,21882,21884,21886,21888,21890,21892,21894,21896,21898],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,21875,9211],{"class":77},[47,21877,159],{"class":151},[47,21879,4938],{"class":155},[47,21881,159],{"class":151},[47,21883,2826],{"class":77},[47,21885,19834],{"class":61},[47,21887,668],{"class":77},[47,21889,152],{"class":151},[47,21891,4947],{"class":155},[47,21893,159],{"class":151},[47,21895,2826],{"class":77},[47,21897,13442],{"class":61},[47,21899,9240],{"class":77},[20,21901,20827],{},[33,21903,21905],{"id":21904},"what-it-returns","What it returns",[20,21907,21908,1509,21910,21912],{},[15,21909,17014],{},[15,21911,21843],{}," view object.",[20,21914,183],{},[185,21916,21917,21920,21923],{},[188,21918,21919],{},"You can loop over it",[188,21921,21922],{},"You can convert it to a list if needed",[188,21924,21925],{},"It reflects changes made to the dictionary",[20,21927,800],{},[38,21929,21931],{"className":40,"code":21930,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\npairs = data.items()\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n\ndata[\"z\"] = 3\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,21932,21933,21965,21979,21983,21997,22001,22020,22024],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,21934,21935,21937,21939,21941,21943,21945,21947,21949,21951,21953,21955,21957,21959,21961,21963],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,21936,9098],{"class":53},[47,21938,58],{"class":57},[47,21940,10423],{"class":77},[47,21942,309],{"class":151},[47,21944,2131],{"class":155},[47,21946,309],{"class":151},[47,21948,2826],{"class":77},[47,21950,5431],{"class":61},[47,21952,668],{"class":77},[47,21954,303],{"class":151},[47,21956,11679],{"class":155},[47,21958,309],{"class":151},[47,21960,2826],{"class":77},[47,21962,671],{"class":61},[47,21964,9240],{"class":77},[47,21966,21967,21969,21971,21973,21975,21977],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,21968,9148],{"class":53},[47,21970,58],{"class":57},[47,21972,14501],{"class":53},[47,21974,914],{"class":77},[47,21976,692],{"class":81},[47,21978,8574],{"class":77},[47,21980,21981],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,21982,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,21984,21985,21987,21989,21991,21993,21995],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,21986,99],{"class":98},[47,21988,78],{"class":77},[47,21990,8025],{"class":73},[47,21992,78],{"class":77},[47,21994,9195],{"class":81},[47,21996,123],{"class":77},[47,21998,21999],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,22000,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,22002,22003,22005,22007,22009,22012,22014,22016,22018],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,22004,9137],{"class":53},[47,22006,736],{"class":77},[47,22008,309],{"class":151},[47,22010,22011],{"class":155},"z",[47,22013,309],{"class":151},[47,22015,13208],{"class":77},[47,22017,13211],{"class":57},[47,22019,2524],{"class":61},[47,22021,22022],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,22023,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,22025,22026,22028,22030,22032,22034,22036],{"class":49,"line":1734},[47,22027,99],{"class":98},[47,22029,78],{"class":77},[47,22031,8025],{"class":73},[47,22033,78],{"class":77},[47,22035,9195],{"class":81},[47,22037,123],{"class":77},[20,22039,22040],{},[127,22041,129],{},[38,22043,22045],{"className":40,"code":22044,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[('x', 1), ('y', 2)]\n[('x', 1), ('y', 2), ('z', 3)]\n",[15,22046,22047,22077],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,22048,22049,22051,22053,22055,22057,22059,22061,22063,22065,22067,22069,22071,22073,22075],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,22050,21675],{"class":77},[47,22052,159],{"class":151},[47,22054,2131],{"class":155},[47,22056,159],{"class":151},[47,22058,668],{"class":77},[47,22060,5431],{"class":61},[47,22062,9166],{"class":77},[47,22064,9169],{"class":77},[47,22066,159],{"class":151},[47,22068,11679],{"class":155},[47,22070,159],{"class":151},[47,22072,668],{"class":77},[47,22074,671],{"class":61},[47,22076,9182],{"class":77},[47,22078,22079,22081,22083,22085,22087,22089,22091,22093,22095,22097,22099,22101,22103,22105,22107,22109,22111,22113,22115,22117,22119],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,22080,21675],{"class":77},[47,22082,159],{"class":151},[47,22084,2131],{"class":155},[47,22086,159],{"class":151},[47,22088,668],{"class":77},[47,22090,5431],{"class":61},[47,22092,9166],{"class":77},[47,22094,9169],{"class":77},[47,22096,159],{"class":151},[47,22098,11679],{"class":155},[47,22100,159],{"class":151},[47,22102,668],{"class":77},[47,22104,671],{"class":61},[47,22106,9166],{"class":77},[47,22108,9169],{"class":77},[47,22110,159],{"class":151},[47,22112,22011],{"class":155},[47,22114,159],{"class":151},[47,22116,668],{"class":77},[47,22118,676],{"class":61},[47,22120,9182],{"class":77},[20,22122,22123,22124,22126],{},"This happens because ",[15,22125,9195],{}," is a view of the dictionary data, not a separate copied list.",[33,22128,22130,22131],{"id":22129},"looping-with-items","Looping with ",[15,22132,17014],{},[20,22134,22135,22136,2826],{},"This is the most common way beginners use ",[15,22137,17014],{},[38,22139,22141],{"className":40,"code":22140,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key, value in student.items():\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,22142,22143,22196,22200,22220],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,22144,22145,22147,22149,22151,22153,22155,22157,22159,22161,22163,22165,22167,22169,22171,22173,22175,22177,22180,22182,22184,22186,22188,22190,22192,22194],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,22146,12797],{"class":53},[47,22148,58],{"class":57},[47,22150,10423],{"class":77},[47,22152,309],{"class":151},[47,22154,7601],{"class":155},[47,22156,309],{"class":151},[47,22158,2826],{"class":77},[47,22160,303],{"class":151},[47,22162,7852],{"class":155},[47,22164,309],{"class":151},[47,22166,668],{"class":77},[47,22168,303],{"class":151},[47,22170,19827],{"class":155},[47,22172,309],{"class":151},[47,22174,2826],{"class":77},[47,22176,303],{"class":151},[47,22178,22179],{"class":155},"A",[47,22181,309],{"class":151},[47,22183,668],{"class":77},[47,22185,303],{"class":151},[47,22187,82],{"class":155},[47,22189,309],{"class":151},[47,22191,2826],{"class":77},[47,22193,13793],{"class":61},[47,22195,9240],{"class":77},[47,22197,22198],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,22199,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,22201,22202,22204,22206,22208,22210,22212,22214,22216,22218],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,22203,5892],{"class":3812},[47,22205,21515],{"class":53},[47,22207,668],{"class":77},[47,22209,21520],{"class":53},[47,22211,3819],{"class":3812},[47,22213,12840],{"class":53},[47,22215,914],{"class":77},[47,22217,692],{"class":81},[47,22219,21531],{"class":77},[47,22221,22222,22224,22226,22229,22231,22233,22235,22238,22241,22243,22245,22247,22249],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,22223,8000],{"class":98},[47,22225,78],{"class":77},[47,22227,22228],{"class":147},"f",[47,22230,309],{"class":155},[47,22232,9211],{"class":61},[47,22234,14776],{"class":81},[47,22236,22237],{"class":61},"}",[47,22239,22240],{"class":155},": ",[47,22242,9211],{"class":61},[47,22244,585],{"class":81},[47,22246,22237],{"class":61},[47,22248,309],{"class":155},[47,22250,85],{"class":77},[20,22252,22253],{},[127,22254,129],{},[38,22256,22258],{"className":40,"code":22257,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name: Mia\ngrade: A\nage: 14\n",[15,22259,22260,22269,22278],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,22261,22262,22264,22266],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,22263,7601],{"class":53},[47,22265,2826],{"class":77},[47,22267,22268],{"class":53}," Mia\n",[47,22270,22271,22273,22275],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,22272,19827],{"class":53},[47,22274,2826],{"class":77},[47,22276,22277],{"class":53}," A\n",[47,22279,22280,22282,22284],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,22281,82],{"class":53},[47,22283,2826],{"class":77},[47,22285,22286],{"class":61}," 14\n",[20,22288,22289],{},"This pattern is clearer than looping through keys and then looking up each value:",[38,22291,22293],{"className":40,"code":22292,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key in student:\n    print(f\"{key}: {student[key]}\")\n",[15,22294,22295,22347,22351,22363],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,22296,22297,22299,22301,22303,22305,22307,22309,22311,22313,22315,22317,22319,22321,22323,22325,22327,22329,22331,22333,22335,22337,22339,22341,22343,22345],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,22298,12797],{"class":53},[47,22300,58],{"class":57},[47,22302,10423],{"class":77},[47,22304,309],{"class":151},[47,22306,7601],{"class":155},[47,22308,309],{"class":151},[47,22310,2826],{"class":77},[47,22312,303],{"class":151},[47,22314,7852],{"class":155},[47,22316,309],{"class":151},[47,22318,668],{"class":77},[47,22320,303],{"class":151},[47,22322,19827],{"class":155},[47,22324,309],{"class":151},[47,22326,2826],{"class":77},[47,22328,303],{"class":151},[47,22330,22179],{"class":155},[47,22332,309],{"class":151},[47,22334,668],{"class":77},[47,22336,303],{"class":151},[47,22338,82],{"class":155},[47,22340,309],{"class":151},[47,22342,2826],{"class":77},[47,22344,13793],{"class":61},[47,22346,9240],{"class":77},[47,22348,22349],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,22350,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,22352,22353,22355,22357,22359,22361],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,22354,5892],{"class":3812},[47,22356,18144],{"class":53},[47,22358,3819],{"class":3812},[47,22360,12840],{"class":53},[47,22362,6329],{"class":77},[47,22364,22365,22367,22369,22371,22373,22375,22377,22379,22381,22383,22385,22387,22389,22391,22393,22395],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,22366,8000],{"class":98},[47,22368,78],{"class":77},[47,22370,22228],{"class":147},[47,22372,309],{"class":155},[47,22374,9211],{"class":61},[47,22376,14776],{"class":81},[47,22378,22237],{"class":61},[47,22380,22240],{"class":155},[47,22382,9211],{"class":61},[47,22384,13561],{"class":81},[47,22386,736],{"class":77},[47,22388,14776],{"class":81},[47,22390,13208],{"class":77},[47,22392,22237],{"class":61},[47,22394,309],{"class":155},[47,22396,85],{"class":77},[20,22398,6444,22399,22402],{},[15,22400,22401],{},"for key, value in student.items()"," is often easier to read when you need both parts.",[20,22404,22405,22406,914],{},"For a full guide, see ",[360,22407,22409],{"href":22408},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python","how to loop through a dictionary in Python",[33,22411,22413],{"id":22412},"converting-the-result","Converting the result",[20,22415,22416],{},"If you want to see all pairs clearly, you can convert the result to a list:",[38,22418,22420],{"className":40,"code":22419,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = {\"apple\": \"red\", \"banana\": \"yellow\", \"grape\": \"purple\"}\n\npairs_list = list(colors.items())\n\nprint(pairs_list)\n",[15,22421,22422,22481,22485,22505,22509],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,22423,22424,22426,22428,22430,22432,22434,22436,22438,22440,22442,22444,22446,22448,22450,22452,22454,22456,22459,22461,22463,22465,22468,22470,22472,22474,22477,22479],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,22425,13010],{"class":53},[47,22427,58],{"class":57},[47,22429,10423],{"class":77},[47,22431,309],{"class":151},[47,22433,1425],{"class":155},[47,22435,309],{"class":151},[47,22437,2826],{"class":77},[47,22439,303],{"class":151},[47,22441,13027],{"class":155},[47,22443,309],{"class":151},[47,22445,668],{"class":77},[47,22447,303],{"class":151},[47,22449,1434],{"class":155},[47,22451,309],{"class":151},[47,22453,2826],{"class":77},[47,22455,303],{"class":151},[47,22457,22458],{"class":155},"yellow",[47,22460,309],{"class":151},[47,22462,668],{"class":77},[47,22464,303],{"class":151},[47,22466,22467],{"class":155},"grape",[47,22469,309],{"class":151},[47,22471,2826],{"class":77},[47,22473,303],{"class":151},[47,22475,22476],{"class":155},"purple",[47,22478,309],{"class":151},[47,22480,9240],{"class":77},[47,22482,22483],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,22484,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,22486,22487,22490,22492,22495,22497,22499,22501,22503],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,22488,22489],{"class":53},"pairs_list ",[47,22491,58],{"class":57},[47,22493,22494],{"class":73}," list",[47,22496,78],{"class":77},[47,22498,17437],{"class":81},[47,22500,914],{"class":77},[47,22502,692],{"class":81},[47,22504,7127],{"class":77},[47,22506,22507],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,22508,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,22510,22511,22513,22515,22518],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,22512,99],{"class":98},[47,22514,78],{"class":77},[47,22516,22517],{"class":81},"pairs_list",[47,22519,85],{"class":77},[20,22521,22522],{},[127,22523,129],{},[38,22525,22527],{"className":40,"code":22526,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[('apple', 'red'), ('banana', 'yellow'), ('grape', 'purple')]\n",[15,22528,22529],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,22530,22531,22533,22535,22537,22539,22541,22543,22545,22547,22549,22551,22553,22555,22557,22559,22561,22563,22565,22567,22569,22571,22573,22575,22577,22579,22581,22583],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,22532,21675],{"class":77},[47,22534,159],{"class":151},[47,22536,1425],{"class":155},[47,22538,159],{"class":151},[47,22540,668],{"class":77},[47,22542,152],{"class":151},[47,22544,13027],{"class":155},[47,22546,159],{"class":151},[47,22548,9166],{"class":77},[47,22550,9169],{"class":77},[47,22552,159],{"class":151},[47,22554,1434],{"class":155},[47,22556,159],{"class":151},[47,22558,668],{"class":77},[47,22560,152],{"class":151},[47,22562,22458],{"class":155},[47,22564,159],{"class":151},[47,22566,9166],{"class":77},[47,22568,9169],{"class":77},[47,22570,159],{"class":151},[47,22572,22467],{"class":155},[47,22574,159],{"class":151},[47,22576,668],{"class":77},[47,22578,152],{"class":151},[47,22580,22476],{"class":155},[47,22582,159],{"class":151},[47,22584,9182],{"class":77},[20,22586,22587],{},"This creates a list of tuples.",[20,22589,22590],{},"Use this when:",[185,22592,22593,22596,22599],{},[188,22594,22595],{},"You want clearer printed output",[188,22597,22598],{},"You need list behavior",[188,22600,22601],{},"You want to inspect all pairs at once",[33,22603,22605,920,22607,920,22609],{"id":22604},"items-vs-keys-vs-values",[15,22606,17014],{},[15,22608,17001],{},[15,22610,17007],{},[20,22612,22613],{},"Dictionary methods give different parts of the dictionary:",[185,22615,22616,22621,22626],{},[188,22617,22618,22620],{},[15,22619,17014],{}," gives both key and value",[188,22622,22623,22625],{},[15,22624,17001],{}," gives only keys",[188,22627,22628,22630],{},[15,22629,17007],{}," gives only values",[20,22632,800],{},[38,22634,22636],{"className":40,"code":22635,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.keys()))\nprint(list(person.values()))\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,22637,22638,22674,22678,22696,22714],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,22639,22640,22642,22644,22646,22648,22650,22652,22654,22656,22658,22660,22662,22664,22666,22668,22670,22672],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,22641,13139],{"class":53},[47,22643,58],{"class":57},[47,22645,10423],{"class":77},[47,22647,309],{"class":151},[47,22649,7601],{"class":155},[47,22651,309],{"class":151},[47,22653,2826],{"class":77},[47,22655,303],{"class":151},[47,22657,12814],{"class":155},[47,22659,309],{"class":151},[47,22661,668],{"class":77},[47,22663,303],{"class":151},[47,22665,82],{"class":155},[47,22667,309],{"class":151},[47,22669,2826],{"class":77},[47,22671,900],{"class":61},[47,22673,9240],{"class":77},[47,22675,22676],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,22677,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,22679,22680,22682,22684,22686,22688,22690,22692,22694],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,22681,99],{"class":98},[47,22683,78],{"class":77},[47,22685,8025],{"class":73},[47,22687,78],{"class":77},[47,22689,17243],{"class":81},[47,22691,914],{"class":77},[47,22693,16859],{"class":81},[47,22695,6225],{"class":77},[47,22697,22698,22700,22702,22704,22706,22708,22710,22712],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,22699,99],{"class":98},[47,22701,78],{"class":77},[47,22703,8025],{"class":73},[47,22705,78],{"class":77},[47,22707,17243],{"class":81},[47,22709,914],{"class":77},[47,22711,5291],{"class":81},[47,22713,6225],{"class":77},[47,22715,22716,22718,22720,22722,22724,22726,22728,22730],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,22717,99],{"class":98},[47,22719,78],{"class":77},[47,22721,8025],{"class":73},[47,22723,78],{"class":77},[47,22725,17243],{"class":81},[47,22727,914],{"class":77},[47,22729,692],{"class":81},[47,22731,6225],{"class":77},[20,22733,22734],{},[127,22735,129],{},[38,22737,22739],{"className":40,"code":22738,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['name', 'age']\n['Ana', 25]\n[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,22740,22741,22761,22777],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,22742,22743,22745,22747,22749,22751,22753,22755,22757,22759],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,22744,736],{"class":77},[47,22746,159],{"class":151},[47,22748,7601],{"class":155},[47,22750,159],{"class":151},[47,22752,668],{"class":77},[47,22754,152],{"class":151},[47,22756,82],{"class":155},[47,22758,159],{"class":151},[47,22760,679],{"class":77},[47,22762,22763,22765,22767,22769,22771,22773,22775],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,22764,736],{"class":77},[47,22766,159],{"class":151},[47,22768,12814],{"class":155},[47,22770,159],{"class":151},[47,22772,668],{"class":77},[47,22774,900],{"class":61},[47,22776,679],{"class":77},[47,22778,22779,22781,22783,22785,22787,22789,22791,22793,22795,22797,22799,22801,22803,22805,22807,22809],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,22780,21675],{"class":77},[47,22782,159],{"class":151},[47,22784,7601],{"class":155},[47,22786,159],{"class":151},[47,22788,668],{"class":77},[47,22790,152],{"class":151},[47,22792,12814],{"class":155},[47,22794,159],{"class":151},[47,22796,9166],{"class":77},[47,22798,9169],{"class":77},[47,22800,159],{"class":151},[47,22802,82],{"class":155},[47,22804,159],{"class":151},[47,22806,668],{"class":77},[47,22808,900],{"class":61},[47,22810,9182],{"class":77},[20,22812,22813],{},"Use the method that matches your task:",[185,22815,22816,22824,22832],{},[188,22817,22818,22819],{},"Need just keys? Use ",[360,22820,22822],{"href":22821},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method",[15,22823,17001],{},[188,22825,22826,22827],{},"Need just values? Use ",[360,22828,22830],{"href":22829},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method",[15,22831,17007],{},[188,22833,22834,22835],{},"Need both together? Use ",[15,22836,17014],{},[33,22838,773,22840],{"id":22839},"when-to-use-items",[15,22841,17014],{},[20,22843,22844,22846],{},[15,22845,17014],{}," is useful for tasks like:",[185,22848,22849,22852,22855,22858,22861],{},[188,22850,22851],{},"Printing dictionary contents",[188,22853,22854],{},"Building formatted output",[188,22856,22857],{},"Looping through settings and values",[188,22859,22860],{},"Showing names with scores",[188,22862,22863],{},"Working with labels and their data",[20,22865,800],{},[38,22867,22869],{"className":40,"code":22868,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"settings = {\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"language\": \"English\",\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\n\nfor setting, value in settings.items():\n    print(f\"{setting} = {value}\")\n",[15,22870,22871,22879,22897,22916,22928,22932,22936,22957],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,22872,22873,22875,22877],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,22874,13761],{"class":53},[47,22876,58],{"class":57},[47,22878,11427],{"class":77},[47,22880,22881,22883,22885,22887,22889,22891,22893,22895],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,22882,11432],{"class":151},[47,22884,12428],{"class":155},[47,22886,309],{"class":151},[47,22888,2826],{"class":77},[47,22890,303],{"class":151},[47,22892,12437],{"class":155},[47,22894,309],{"class":151},[47,22896,11447],{"class":77},[47,22898,22899,22901,22903,22905,22907,22909,22912,22914],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,22900,11432],{"class":151},[47,22902,20059],{"class":155},[47,22904,309],{"class":151},[47,22906,2826],{"class":77},[47,22908,303],{"class":151},[47,22910,22911],{"class":155},"English",[47,22913,309],{"class":151},[47,22915,11447],{"class":77},[47,22917,22918,22920,22922,22924,22926],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,22919,11432],{"class":151},[47,22921,18460],{"class":155},[47,22923,309],{"class":151},[47,22925,2826],{"class":77},[47,22927,572],{"class":571},[47,22929,22930],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,22931,9240],{"class":77},[47,22933,22934],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,22935,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,22937,22938,22940,22943,22945,22947,22949,22951,22953,22955],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,22939,5892],{"class":3812},[47,22941,22942],{"class":53}," setting",[47,22944,668],{"class":77},[47,22946,21520],{"class":53},[47,22948,3819],{"class":3812},[47,22950,13805],{"class":53},[47,22952,914],{"class":77},[47,22954,692],{"class":81},[47,22956,21531],{"class":77},[47,22958,22959,22961,22963,22965,22967,22969,22972,22974,22977,22979,22981,22983,22985],{"class":49,"line":1734},[47,22960,8000],{"class":98},[47,22962,78],{"class":77},[47,22964,22228],{"class":147},[47,22966,309],{"class":155},[47,22968,9211],{"class":61},[47,22970,22971],{"class":81},"setting",[47,22973,22237],{"class":61},[47,22975,22976],{"class":155}," = ",[47,22978,9211],{"class":61},[47,22980,585],{"class":81},[47,22982,22237],{"class":61},[47,22984,309],{"class":155},[47,22986,85],{"class":77},[20,22988,22989],{},[127,22990,129],{},[38,22992,22994],{"className":40,"code":22993,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"theme = dark\nlanguage = English\nnotifications = True\n",[15,22995,22996,23006,23016],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,22997,22998,23001,23003],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,22999,23000],{"class":53},"theme ",[47,23002,58],{"class":57},[47,23004,23005],{"class":53}," dark\n",[47,23007,23008,23011,23013],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,23009,23010],{"class":53},"language ",[47,23012,58],{"class":57},[47,23014,23015],{"class":53}," English\n",[47,23017,23018,23021,23023],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,23019,23020],{"class":53},"notifications ",[47,23022,58],{"class":57},[47,23024,572],{"class":571},[33,23026,2775],{"id":2774},[20,23028,23029,23030,914],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,23031,17014],{},[373,23033,23035,23036,23038],{"id":23034},"trying-to-unpack-items-incorrectly","Trying to unpack ",[15,23037,17014],{}," incorrectly",[20,23040,23041,23042,23044,23045,23048],{},"Each result from ",[15,23043,17014],{}," has ",[127,23046,23047],{},"two parts",": a key and a value.",[20,23050,1275],{},[38,23052,23053],{"className":40,"code":21466,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,23054,23055,23091,23095,23115],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,23056,23057,23059,23061,23063,23065,23067,23069,23071,23073,23075,23077,23079,23081,23083,23085,23087,23089],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,23058,13139],{"class":53},[47,23060,58],{"class":57},[47,23062,10423],{"class":77},[47,23064,309],{"class":151},[47,23066,7601],{"class":155},[47,23068,309],{"class":151},[47,23070,2826],{"class":77},[47,23072,303],{"class":151},[47,23074,12814],{"class":155},[47,23076,309],{"class":151},[47,23078,668],{"class":77},[47,23080,303],{"class":151},[47,23082,82],{"class":155},[47,23084,309],{"class":151},[47,23086,2826],{"class":77},[47,23088,900],{"class":61},[47,23090,9240],{"class":77},[47,23092,23093],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,23094,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,23096,23097,23099,23101,23103,23105,23107,23109,23111,23113],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,23098,5892],{"class":3812},[47,23100,21515],{"class":53},[47,23102,668],{"class":77},[47,23104,21520],{"class":53},[47,23106,3819],{"class":3812},[47,23108,13182],{"class":53},[47,23110,914],{"class":77},[47,23112,692],{"class":81},[47,23114,21531],{"class":77},[47,23116,23117,23119,23121,23123,23125,23127],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,23118,8000],{"class":98},[47,23120,78],{"class":77},[47,23122,14776],{"class":81},[47,23124,668],{"class":77},[47,23126,8364],{"class":81},[47,23128,85],{"class":77},[20,23130,23131],{},"This is wrong because it tries to unpack into only one variable pattern:",[38,23133,23135],{"className":40,"code":23134,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key in person.items():\n    print(key)\n",[15,23136,23137,23173,23177,23193],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,23138,23139,23141,23143,23145,23147,23149,23151,23153,23155,23157,23159,23161,23163,23165,23167,23169,23171],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,23140,13139],{"class":53},[47,23142,58],{"class":57},[47,23144,10423],{"class":77},[47,23146,309],{"class":151},[47,23148,7601],{"class":155},[47,23150,309],{"class":151},[47,23152,2826],{"class":77},[47,23154,303],{"class":151},[47,23156,12814],{"class":155},[47,23158,309],{"class":151},[47,23160,668],{"class":77},[47,23162,303],{"class":151},[47,23164,82],{"class":155},[47,23166,309],{"class":151},[47,23168,2826],{"class":77},[47,23170,900],{"class":61},[47,23172,9240],{"class":77},[47,23174,23175],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,23176,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,23178,23179,23181,23183,23185,23187,23189,23191],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,23180,5892],{"class":3812},[47,23182,18144],{"class":53},[47,23184,3819],{"class":3812},[47,23186,13182],{"class":53},[47,23188,914],{"class":77},[47,23190,692],{"class":81},[47,23192,21531],{"class":77},[47,23194,23195,23197,23199,23201],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,23196,8000],{"class":98},[47,23198,78],{"class":77},[47,23200,14776],{"class":81},[47,23202,85],{"class":77},[20,23204,23205,23206,23208,23209,23212],{},"This code is not an error, but ",[15,23207,14776],{}," is actually the full tuple, such as ",[15,23210,23211],{},"('name', 'Ana')",", not just the key.",[20,23214,23215],{},"If you want the full pair, use one variable:",[38,23217,23219],{"className":40,"code":23218,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"for item in person.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,23220,23221,23237],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,23222,23223,23225,23227,23229,23231,23233,23235],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,23224,5892],{"class":3812},[47,23226,5895],{"class":53},[47,23228,3819],{"class":3812},[47,23230,13182],{"class":53},[47,23232,914],{"class":77},[47,23234,692],{"class":81},[47,23236,21531],{"class":77},[47,23238,23239,23241,23243,23246],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,23240,8000],{"class":98},[47,23242,78],{"class":77},[47,23244,23245],{"class":81},"item",[47,23247,85],{"class":77},[20,23249,23250],{},"If you want separate key and value, use two variables:",[38,23252,23254],{"className":40,"code":23253,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"for key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,23255,23256,23276],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,23257,23258,23260,23262,23264,23266,23268,23270,23272,23274],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,23259,5892],{"class":3812},[47,23261,21515],{"class":53},[47,23263,668],{"class":77},[47,23265,21520],{"class":53},[47,23267,3819],{"class":3812},[47,23269,13182],{"class":53},[47,23271,914],{"class":77},[47,23273,692],{"class":81},[47,23275,21531],{"class":77},[47,23277,23278,23280,23282,23284,23286,23288],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,23279,8000],{"class":98},[47,23281,78],{"class":77},[47,23283,14776],{"class":81},[47,23285,668],{"class":77},[47,23287,8364],{"class":81},[47,23289,85],{"class":77},[373,23291,1400,23293,23295],{"id":23292},"expecting-items-to-return-a-regular-list",[15,23294,17014],{}," to return a regular list",[20,23297,23298,1509,23300,23302],{},[15,23299,17014],{},[15,23301,21843],{}," object, not a list.",[20,23304,23305],{},"Check it:",[38,23307,23309],{"className":40,"code":23308,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(my_dict.items())\nprint(type(my_dict.items()))\nprint(list(my_dict.items()))\n",[15,23310,23311,23343,23347,23361,23379],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,23312,23313,23315,23317,23319,23321,23323,23325,23327,23329,23331,23333,23335,23337,23339,23341],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,23314,11658],{"class":53},[47,23316,58],{"class":57},[47,23318,10423],{"class":77},[47,23320,309],{"class":151},[47,23322,360],{"class":155},[47,23324,309],{"class":151},[47,23326,2826],{"class":77},[47,23328,5431],{"class":61},[47,23330,668],{"class":77},[47,23332,303],{"class":151},[47,23334,4696],{"class":155},[47,23336,309],{"class":151},[47,23338,2826],{"class":77},[47,23340,671],{"class":61},[47,23342,9240],{"class":77},[47,23344,23345],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,23346,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,23348,23349,23351,23353,23355,23357,23359],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,23350,99],{"class":98},[47,23352,78],{"class":77},[47,23354,11384],{"class":81},[47,23356,914],{"class":77},[47,23358,692],{"class":81},[47,23360,7127],{"class":77},[47,23362,23363,23365,23367,23369,23371,23373,23375,23377],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,23364,99],{"class":98},[47,23366,78],{"class":77},[47,23368,116],{"class":73},[47,23370,78],{"class":77},[47,23372,11384],{"class":81},[47,23374,914],{"class":77},[47,23376,692],{"class":81},[47,23378,6225],{"class":77},[47,23380,23381,23383,23385,23387,23389,23391,23393,23395],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,23382,99],{"class":98},[47,23384,78],{"class":77},[47,23386,8025],{"class":73},[47,23388,78],{"class":77},[47,23390,11384],{"class":81},[47,23392,914],{"class":77},[47,23394,692],{"class":81},[47,23396,6225],{"class":77},[20,23398,23399],{},[127,23400,129],{},[38,23402,23404],{"className":40,"code":23403,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dict_items([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_items'>\n[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\n",[15,23405,23406,23438,23452],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,23407,23408,23410,23412,23414,23416,23418,23420,23422,23424,23426,23428,23430,23432,23434,23436],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,23409,21843],{"class":81},[47,23411,9589],{"class":77},[47,23413,159],{"class":151},[47,23415,360],{"class":155},[47,23417,159],{"class":151},[47,23419,668],{"class":77},[47,23421,5431],{"class":61},[47,23423,9166],{"class":77},[47,23425,9169],{"class":77},[47,23427,159],{"class":151},[47,23429,4696],{"class":155},[47,23431,159],{"class":151},[47,23433,668],{"class":77},[47,23435,671],{"class":61},[47,23437,10611],{"class":77},[47,23439,23440,23442,23444,23446,23448,23450],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,23441,144],{"class":57},[47,23443,148],{"class":147},[47,23445,152],{"class":151},[47,23447,21843],{"class":155},[47,23449,159],{"class":151},[47,23451,162],{"class":57},[47,23453,23454,23456,23458,23460,23462,23464,23466,23468,23470,23472,23474,23476,23478,23480],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,23455,21675],{"class":77},[47,23457,159],{"class":151},[47,23459,360],{"class":155},[47,23461,159],{"class":151},[47,23463,668],{"class":77},[47,23465,5431],{"class":61},[47,23467,9166],{"class":77},[47,23469,9169],{"class":77},[47,23471,159],{"class":151},[47,23473,4696],{"class":155},[47,23475,159],{"class":151},[47,23477,668],{"class":77},[47,23479,671],{"class":61},[47,23481,9182],{"class":77},[373,23483,23485,23486],{"id":23484},"changing-the-dictionary-while-looping-over-items","Changing the dictionary while looping over ",[15,23487,17014],{},[20,23489,23490],{},"Be careful when changing a dictionary during iteration.",[20,23492,23493],{},"Problem example:",[38,23495,23497],{"className":40,"code":23496,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in numbers.items():\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n",[15,23498,23499,23543,23547,23567,23579],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,23500,23501,23503,23505,23507,23509,23511,23513,23515,23517,23519,23521,23523,23525,23527,23529,23531,23533,23535,23537,23539,23541],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,23502,3554],{"class":53},[47,23504,58],{"class":57},[47,23506,10423],{"class":77},[47,23508,309],{"class":151},[47,23510,360],{"class":155},[47,23512,309],{"class":151},[47,23514,2826],{"class":77},[47,23516,5431],{"class":61},[47,23518,668],{"class":77},[47,23520,303],{"class":151},[47,23522,4696],{"class":155},[47,23524,309],{"class":151},[47,23526,2826],{"class":77},[47,23528,671],{"class":61},[47,23530,668],{"class":77},[47,23532,303],{"class":151},[47,23534,9671],{"class":155},[47,23536,309],{"class":151},[47,23538,2826],{"class":77},[47,23540,676],{"class":61},[47,23542,9240],{"class":77},[47,23544,23545],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,23546,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,23548,23549,23551,23553,23555,23557,23559,23561,23563,23565],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,23550,5892],{"class":3812},[47,23552,21515],{"class":53},[47,23554,668],{"class":77},[47,23556,21520],{"class":53},[47,23558,3819],{"class":3812},[47,23560,4198],{"class":53},[47,23562,914],{"class":77},[47,23564,692],{"class":81},[47,23566,21531],{"class":77},[47,23568,23569,23571,23573,23575,23577],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,23570,6334],{"class":3812},[47,23572,21520],{"class":53},[47,23574,4623],{"class":57},[47,23576,671],{"class":61},[47,23578,6329],{"class":77},[47,23580,23581,23584,23586,23588,23590,23592,23594,23596],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,23582,23583],{"class":53},"        numbers",[47,23585,736],{"class":77},[47,23587,309],{"class":151},[47,23589,18703],{"class":155},[47,23591,309],{"class":151},[47,23593,13208],{"class":77},[47,23595,13211],{"class":57},[47,23597,23598],{"class":61}," 4\n",[20,23600,23601],{},"Changing the dictionary size while looping can cause errors.",[20,23603,23604],{},"A safer approach is to loop over a copied list of items:",[38,23606,23608],{"className":40,"code":23607,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in list(numbers.items()):\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,23609,23610,23654,23658,23683,23695,23713,23717],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,23611,23612,23614,23616,23618,23620,23622,23624,23626,23628,23630,23632,23634,23636,23638,23640,23642,23644,23646,23648,23650,23652],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,23613,3554],{"class":53},[47,23615,58],{"class":57},[47,23617,10423],{"class":77},[47,23619,309],{"class":151},[47,23621,360],{"class":155},[47,23623,309],{"class":151},[47,23625,2826],{"class":77},[47,23627,5431],{"class":61},[47,23629,668],{"class":77},[47,23631,303],{"class":151},[47,23633,4696],{"class":155},[47,23635,309],{"class":151},[47,23637,2826],{"class":77},[47,23639,671],{"class":61},[47,23641,668],{"class":77},[47,23643,303],{"class":151},[47,23645,9671],{"class":155},[47,23647,309],{"class":151},[47,23649,2826],{"class":77},[47,23651,676],{"class":61},[47,23653,9240],{"class":77},[47,23655,23656],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,23657,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,23659,23660,23662,23664,23666,23668,23670,23672,23674,23676,23678,23680],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,23661,5892],{"class":3812},[47,23663,21515],{"class":53},[47,23665,668],{"class":77},[47,23667,21520],{"class":53},[47,23669,3819],{"class":3812},[47,23671,22494],{"class":73},[47,23673,78],{"class":77},[47,23675,3584],{"class":81},[47,23677,914],{"class":77},[47,23679,692],{"class":81},[47,23681,23682],{"class":77},"()):\n",[47,23684,23685,23687,23689,23691,23693],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,23686,6334],{"class":3812},[47,23688,21520],{"class":53},[47,23690,4623],{"class":57},[47,23692,671],{"class":61},[47,23694,6329],{"class":77},[47,23696,23697,23699,23701,23703,23705,23707,23709,23711],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,23698,23583],{"class":53},[47,23700,736],{"class":77},[47,23702,309],{"class":151},[47,23704,18703],{"class":155},[47,23706,309],{"class":151},[47,23708,13208],{"class":77},[47,23710,13211],{"class":57},[47,23712,23598],{"class":61},[47,23714,23715],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,23716,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,23718,23719,23721,23723,23725],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,23720,99],{"class":98},[47,23722,78],{"class":77},[47,23724,3584],{"class":81},[47,23726,85],{"class":77},[373,23728,23730],{"id":23729},"forgetting-that-each-result-is-a-key-value-pair","Forgetting that each result is a key-value pair",[20,23732,23733],{},"If you print each item directly, you will see tuples:",[38,23735,23737],{"className":40,"code":23736,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"x\": 10, \"y\": 20}\n\nfor item in data.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,23738,23739,23771,23775,23791],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,23740,23741,23743,23745,23747,23749,23751,23753,23755,23757,23759,23761,23763,23765,23767,23769],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,23742,9098],{"class":53},[47,23744,58],{"class":57},[47,23746,10423],{"class":77},[47,23748,309],{"class":151},[47,23750,2131],{"class":155},[47,23752,309],{"class":151},[47,23754,2826],{"class":77},[47,23756,5939],{"class":61},[47,23758,668],{"class":77},[47,23760,303],{"class":151},[47,23762,11679],{"class":155},[47,23764,309],{"class":151},[47,23766,2826],{"class":77},[47,23768,7722],{"class":61},[47,23770,9240],{"class":77},[47,23772,23773],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,23774,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,23776,23777,23779,23781,23783,23785,23787,23789],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,23778,5892],{"class":3812},[47,23780,5895],{"class":53},[47,23782,3819],{"class":3812},[47,23784,14501],{"class":53},[47,23786,914],{"class":77},[47,23788,692],{"class":81},[47,23790,21531],{"class":77},[47,23792,23793,23795,23797,23799],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,23794,8000],{"class":98},[47,23796,78],{"class":77},[47,23798,23245],{"class":81},[47,23800,85],{"class":77},[20,23802,23803],{},[127,23804,129],{},[38,23806,23808],{"className":40,"code":23807,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"('x', 10)\n('y', 20)\n",[15,23809,23810,23826],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,23811,23812,23814,23816,23818,23820,23822,23824],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,23813,78],{"class":77},[47,23815,159],{"class":151},[47,23817,2131],{"class":155},[47,23819,159],{"class":151},[47,23821,668],{"class":77},[47,23823,5939],{"class":61},[47,23825,85],{"class":77},[47,23827,23828,23830,23832,23834,23836,23838,23840],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,23829,78],{"class":77},[47,23831,159],{"class":151},[47,23833,11679],{"class":155},[47,23835,159],{"class":151},[47,23837,668],{"class":77},[47,23839,7722],{"class":61},[47,23841,85],{"class":77},[20,23843,23844,23845,23847],{},"That is normal. Each item is one ",[15,23846,21590],{}," pair.",[33,23849,1762],{"id":1761},[373,23851,23853,23854,1769],{"id":23852},"what-does-dictionary-items-return-in-python","What does dictionary ",[15,23855,17014],{},[20,23857,17356,23858,23860],{},[15,23859,21843],{}," view containing key-value pairs as tuples.",[373,23862,1776,23864,23866],{"id":23863},"does-items-return-a-list",[15,23865,17014],{}," return a list?",[20,23868,23869,23870,23873],{},"No. It returns a view object. Use ",[15,23871,23872],{},"list(my_dict.items())"," if you need a list.",[373,23875,23877,23878,1812],{"id":23876},"can-i-loop-through-keys-and-values-with-items","Can I loop through keys and values with ",[15,23879,17014],{},[20,23881,23882],{},"Yes. Use this pattern:",[38,23884,23886],{"className":40,"code":23885,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"for key, value in my_dict.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,23887,23888,23908],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,23889,23890,23892,23894,23896,23898,23900,23902,23904,23906],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,23891,5892],{"class":3812},[47,23893,21515],{"class":53},[47,23895,668],{"class":77},[47,23897,21520],{"class":53},[47,23899,3819],{"class":3812},[47,23901,11700],{"class":53},[47,23903,914],{"class":77},[47,23905,692],{"class":81},[47,23907,21531],{"class":77},[47,23909,23910,23912,23914,23916,23918,23920],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,23911,8000],{"class":98},[47,23913,78],{"class":77},[47,23915,14776],{"class":81},[47,23917,668],{"class":77},[47,23919,8364],{"class":81},[47,23921,85],{"class":77},[373,23923,1776,23925,23927],{"id":23924},"does-items-change-the-dictionary",[15,23926,17014],{}," change the dictionary?",[20,23929,23930],{},"No. It only gives you a way to access the pairs.",[33,23932,1825],{"id":1824},[185,23934,23935,23941,23947,23952,23956],{},[188,23936,23937],{},[360,23938,10669,23939,10673],{"href":22821},[15,23940,17001],{},[188,23942,23943],{},[360,23944,10669,23945,10673],{"href":22829},[15,23946,17007],{},[188,23948,23949],{},[360,23950,23951],{"href":22408},"How to loop through a dictionary in Python",[188,23953,23954],{},[360,23955,9088],{"href":12957},[188,23957,23958],{},[360,23959,23960],{"href":21713},"What is a dictionary in Python",[1875,23962,23963],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":65,"depth":65,"links":23965},[23966,23967,23969,23970,23971,23973,23974,23976,23978,23987,23997],{"id":35,"depth":65,"text":36},{"id":21573,"depth":65,"text":23968},"What items() does",{"id":244,"depth":65,"text":245},{"id":21904,"depth":65,"text":21905},{"id":22129,"depth":65,"text":23972},"Looping with items()",{"id":22412,"depth":65,"text":22413},{"id":22604,"depth":65,"text":23975},"items() vs keys() vs values()",{"id":22839,"depth":65,"text":23977},"When to use items()",{"id":2774,"depth":65,"text":2775,"children":23979},[23980,23982,23984,23986],{"id":23034,"depth":88,"text":23981},"Trying to unpack items() incorrectly",{"id":23292,"depth":88,"text":23983},"Expecting items() to return a regular list",{"id":23484,"depth":88,"text":23985},"Changing the dictionary while looping over items()",{"id":23729,"depth":88,"text":23730},{"id":1761,"depth":65,"text":1762,"children":23988},[23989,23991,23993,23995],{"id":23852,"depth":88,"text":23990},"What does dictionary items() return in Python?",{"id":23863,"depth":88,"text":23992},"Does items() return a list?",{"id":23876,"depth":88,"text":23994},"Can I loop through keys and values with items()?",{"id":23924,"depth":88,"text":23996},"Does items() change the dictionary?",{"id":1824,"depth":65,"text":1825},"Master python dictionary items method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method",{"title":21442,"description":23998},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method","dz02pJ9l_vREwqXyX6imIcVo-A5kVMhXWIOii6zXDtM",{"id":24005,"title":24006,"body":24007,"description":26095,"extension":1922,"meta":26096,"navigation":91,"path":22821,"seo":26097,"stem":26098,"__hash__":26099},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method.md","Python Dictionary keys() Method",{"type":7,"value":24008,"toc":26061},[24009,24014,24020,24023,24034,24041,24043,24126,24130,24177,24182,24187,24192,24194,24210,24212,24311,24315,24372,24375,24377,24380,24473,24477,24540,24543,24559,24564,24566,24568,24583,24585,24596,24598,24641,24644,24688,24691,24693,24700,24703,24720,24722,24815,24819,24860,24872,24876,24879,24967,24971,24991,24994,25021,25028,25033,25037,25048,25050,25153,25157,25183,25186,25253,25258,25261,25284,25289,25293,25298,25304,25309,25311,25366,25370,25397,25404,25410,25413,25438,25444,25470,25473,25548,25555,25560,25562,25601,25618,25622,25625,25668,25671,25673,25692,25694,25699,25723,25726,25796,25799,25872,25876,25878,25939,25942,25958,25960,25965,25970,25977,25986,25992,25998,26005,26011,26015,26020,26022,26058],[10,24010,11252,24012,11256],{"id":24011},"python-dictionary-keys-method",[15,24013,17001],{},[20,24015,24016,24017,24019],{},"The Python dictionary ",[15,24018,17001],{}," method returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,24021,24022],{},"It is useful when you want to:",[185,24024,24025,24028,24031],{},[188,24026,24027],{},"view the available keys",[188,24029,24030],{},"loop through dictionary keys",[188,24032,24033],{},"check what fields exist in a dictionary",[20,24035,24036,24038,24039,914],{},[15,24037,17001],{}," does not return a regular list. It returns a special object called ",[15,24040,16950],{},[33,24042,36],{"id":35},[38,24044,24046],{"className":40,"code":24045,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkeys = student.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\nprint(list(keys))\n",[15,24047,24048,24084,24098,24102,24112],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,24049,24050,24052,24054,24056,24058,24060,24062,24064,24066,24068,24070,24072,24074,24076,24078,24080,24082],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,24051,12797],{"class":53},[47,24053,58],{"class":57},[47,24055,10423],{"class":77},[47,24057,309],{"class":151},[47,24059,7601],{"class":155},[47,24061,309],{"class":151},[47,24063,2826],{"class":77},[47,24065,303],{"class":151},[47,24067,12814],{"class":155},[47,24069,309],{"class":151},[47,24071,668],{"class":77},[47,24073,303],{"class":151},[47,24075,82],{"class":155},[47,24077,309],{"class":151},[47,24079,2826],{"class":77},[47,24081,7722],{"class":61},[47,24083,9240],{"class":77},[47,24085,24086,24088,24090,24092,24094,24096],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,24087,17178],{"class":53},[47,24089,58],{"class":57},[47,24091,12840],{"class":53},[47,24093,914],{"class":77},[47,24095,16859],{"class":81},[47,24097,8574],{"class":77},[47,24099,24100],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,24101,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,24103,24104,24106,24108,24110],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,24105,99],{"class":98},[47,24107,78],{"class":77},[47,24109,16859],{"class":81},[47,24111,85],{"class":77},[47,24113,24114,24116,24118,24120,24122,24124],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,24115,99],{"class":98},[47,24117,78],{"class":77},[47,24119,8025],{"class":73},[47,24121,78],{"class":77},[47,24123,16859],{"class":81},[47,24125,123],{"class":77},[20,24127,24128],{},[127,24129,129],{},[38,24131,24133],{"className":40,"code":24132,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n['name', 'age']\n",[15,24134,24135,24157],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,24136,24137,24139,24141,24143,24145,24147,24149,24151,24153,24155],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,24138,16950],{"class":81},[47,24140,2928],{"class":77},[47,24142,159],{"class":151},[47,24144,7601],{"class":155},[47,24146,159],{"class":151},[47,24148,668],{"class":77},[47,24150,152],{"class":151},[47,24152,82],{"class":155},[47,24154,159],{"class":151},[47,24156,3825],{"class":77},[47,24158,24159,24161,24163,24165,24167,24169,24171,24173,24175],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,24160,736],{"class":77},[47,24162,159],{"class":151},[47,24164,7601],{"class":155},[47,24166,159],{"class":151},[47,24168,668],{"class":77},[47,24170,152],{"class":151},[47,24172,82],{"class":155},[47,24174,159],{"class":151},[47,24176,679],{"class":77},[20,24178,165,24179,24181],{},[15,24180,17001],{}," to get a view of all dictionary keys. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list output.",[33,24183,172,24185,175],{"id":24184},"what-keys-does",[15,24186,17001],{},[20,24188,24189,24191],{},[15,24190,17001],{}," is a dictionary method that returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,24193,1515],{},[185,24195,24196,24199,24202,24207],{},[188,24197,24198],{},"It returns all keys from a dictionary",[188,24200,24201],{},"It does not need any arguments",[188,24203,17356,24204,24206],{},[15,24205,16950],{}," view object, not a list",[188,24208,24209],{},"The view updates if the dictionary changes",[20,24211,800],{},[38,24213,24215],{"className":40,"code":24214,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.keys())\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Paris\"\nprint(person.keys())\n",[15,24216,24217,24253,24257,24271,24275,24297],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,24218,24219,24221,24223,24225,24227,24229,24231,24233,24235,24237,24239,24241,24243,24245,24247,24249,24251],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,24220,13139],{"class":53},[47,24222,58],{"class":57},[47,24224,10423],{"class":77},[47,24226,309],{"class":151},[47,24228,7601],{"class":155},[47,24230,309],{"class":151},[47,24232,2826],{"class":77},[47,24234,303],{"class":151},[47,24236,13156],{"class":155},[47,24238,309],{"class":151},[47,24240,668],{"class":77},[47,24242,303],{"class":151},[47,24244,82],{"class":155},[47,24246,309],{"class":151},[47,24248,2826],{"class":77},[47,24250,900],{"class":61},[47,24252,9240],{"class":77},[47,24254,24255],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,24256,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,24258,24259,24261,24263,24265,24267,24269],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,24260,99],{"class":98},[47,24262,78],{"class":77},[47,24264,17243],{"class":81},[47,24266,914],{"class":77},[47,24268,16859],{"class":81},[47,24270,7127],{"class":77},[47,24272,24273],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,24274,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,24276,24277,24279,24281,24283,24285,24287,24289,24291,24293,24295],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,24278,17243],{"class":53},[47,24280,736],{"class":77},[47,24282,309],{"class":151},[47,24284,10341],{"class":155},[47,24286,309],{"class":151},[47,24288,13208],{"class":77},[47,24290,13211],{"class":57},[47,24292,303],{"class":151},[47,24294,10348],{"class":155},[47,24296,820],{"class":151},[47,24298,24299,24301,24303,24305,24307,24309],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,24300,99],{"class":98},[47,24302,78],{"class":77},[47,24304,17243],{"class":81},[47,24306,914],{"class":77},[47,24308,16859],{"class":81},[47,24310,7127],{"class":77},[20,24312,24313],{},[127,24314,129],{},[38,24316,24318],{"className":40,"code":24317,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_keys(['name', 'age', 'city'])\n",[15,24319,24320,24342],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,24321,24322,24324,24326,24328,24330,24332,24334,24336,24338,24340],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,24323,16950],{"class":81},[47,24325,2928],{"class":77},[47,24327,159],{"class":151},[47,24329,7601],{"class":155},[47,24331,159],{"class":151},[47,24333,668],{"class":77},[47,24335,152],{"class":151},[47,24337,82],{"class":155},[47,24339,159],{"class":151},[47,24341,3825],{"class":77},[47,24343,24344,24346,24348,24350,24352,24354,24356,24358,24360,24362,24364,24366,24368,24370],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,24345,16950],{"class":81},[47,24347,2928],{"class":77},[47,24349,159],{"class":151},[47,24351,7601],{"class":155},[47,24353,159],{"class":151},[47,24355,668],{"class":77},[47,24357,152],{"class":151},[47,24359,82],{"class":155},[47,24361,159],{"class":151},[47,24363,668],{"class":77},[47,24365,152],{"class":151},[47,24367,10341],{"class":155},[47,24369,159],{"class":151},[47,24371,3825],{"class":77},[20,24373,24374],{},"Notice that the result updates after the dictionary changes.",[33,24376,5721],{"id":5720},[20,24378,24379],{},"Here is a simple example with a small dictionary:",[38,24381,24383],{"className":40,"code":24382,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"grade\": \"A\"}\n\nprint(data.keys())\nprint(list(data.keys()))\n",[15,24384,24385,24437,24441,24455],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,24386,24387,24389,24391,24393,24395,24397,24399,24401,24403,24405,24407,24409,24411,24413,24415,24417,24419,24421,24423,24425,24427,24429,24431,24433,24435],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,24388,9098],{"class":53},[47,24390,58],{"class":57},[47,24392,10423],{"class":77},[47,24394,309],{"class":151},[47,24396,7601],{"class":155},[47,24398,309],{"class":151},[47,24400,2826],{"class":77},[47,24402,303],{"class":151},[47,24404,12814],{"class":155},[47,24406,309],{"class":151},[47,24408,668],{"class":77},[47,24410,303],{"class":151},[47,24412,82],{"class":155},[47,24414,309],{"class":151},[47,24416,2826],{"class":77},[47,24418,7722],{"class":61},[47,24420,668],{"class":77},[47,24422,303],{"class":151},[47,24424,19827],{"class":155},[47,24426,309],{"class":151},[47,24428,2826],{"class":77},[47,24430,303],{"class":151},[47,24432,22179],{"class":155},[47,24434,309],{"class":151},[47,24436,9240],{"class":77},[47,24438,24439],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,24440,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,24442,24443,24445,24447,24449,24451,24453],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,24444,99],{"class":98},[47,24446,78],{"class":77},[47,24448,9137],{"class":81},[47,24450,914],{"class":77},[47,24452,16859],{"class":81},[47,24454,7127],{"class":77},[47,24456,24457,24459,24461,24463,24465,24467,24469,24471],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,24458,99],{"class":98},[47,24460,78],{"class":77},[47,24462,8025],{"class":73},[47,24464,78],{"class":77},[47,24466,9137],{"class":81},[47,24468,914],{"class":77},[47,24470,16859],{"class":81},[47,24472,6225],{"class":77},[20,24474,24475],{},[127,24476,129],{},[38,24478,24480],{"className":40,"code":24479,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dict_keys(['name', 'age', 'grade'])\n['name', 'age', 'grade']\n",[15,24481,24482,24512],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,24483,24484,24486,24488,24490,24492,24494,24496,24498,24500,24502,24504,24506,24508,24510],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,24485,16950],{"class":81},[47,24487,2928],{"class":77},[47,24489,159],{"class":151},[47,24491,7601],{"class":155},[47,24493,159],{"class":151},[47,24495,668],{"class":77},[47,24497,152],{"class":151},[47,24499,82],{"class":155},[47,24501,159],{"class":151},[47,24503,668],{"class":77},[47,24505,152],{"class":151},[47,24507,19827],{"class":155},[47,24509,159],{"class":151},[47,24511,3825],{"class":77},[47,24513,24514,24516,24518,24520,24522,24524,24526,24528,24530,24532,24534,24536,24538],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,24515,736],{"class":77},[47,24517,159],{"class":151},[47,24519,7601],{"class":155},[47,24521,159],{"class":151},[47,24523,668],{"class":77},[47,24525,152],{"class":151},[47,24527,82],{"class":155},[47,24529,159],{"class":151},[47,24531,668],{"class":77},[47,24533,152],{"class":151},[47,24535,19827],{"class":155},[47,24537,159],{"class":151},[47,24539,679],{"class":77},[20,24541,24542],{},"This shows two things:",[185,24544,24545,24553],{},[188,24546,24547,1509,24550,24552],{},[15,24548,24549],{},"data.keys()",[15,24551,16950],{}," object",[188,24554,24555,24558],{},[15,24556,24557],{},"list(data.keys())"," converts it into a regular list",[20,24560,9084,24561,914],{},[360,24562,24563],{"href":9322},"how to create a dictionary in Python",[33,24565,5364],{"id":5363},[20,24567,2117],{},[38,24569,24571],{"className":40,"code":24570,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_dict.keys()\n",[15,24572,24573],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,24574,24575,24577,24579,24581],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,24576,11384],{"class":53},[47,24578,914],{"class":77},[47,24580,16859],{"class":81},[47,24582,8574],{"class":77},[20,24584,21735],{},[185,24586,24587,24590,24593],{},[188,24588,24589],{},"It works only on dictionaries",[188,24591,24592],{},"It takes no parameters",[188,24594,24595],{},"You must include the parentheses",[20,24597,16591],{},[38,24599,24601],{"className":40,"code":24600,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys())\n",[15,24602,24603,24627],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,24604,24605,24607,24609,24611,24613,24615,24617,24619,24621,24623,24625],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,24606,12797],{"class":53},[47,24608,58],{"class":57},[47,24610,10423],{"class":77},[47,24612,309],{"class":151},[47,24614,7601],{"class":155},[47,24616,309],{"class":151},[47,24618,2826],{"class":77},[47,24620,303],{"class":151},[47,24622,12814],{"class":155},[47,24624,309],{"class":151},[47,24626,9240],{"class":77},[47,24628,24629,24631,24633,24635,24637,24639],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,24630,99],{"class":98},[47,24632,78],{"class":77},[47,24634,13561],{"class":81},[47,24636,914],{"class":77},[47,24638,16859],{"class":81},[47,24640,7127],{"class":77},[20,24642,24643],{},"Incorrect:",[38,24645,24647],{"className":40,"code":24646,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys)\n",[15,24648,24649,24673],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,24650,24651,24653,24655,24657,24659,24661,24663,24665,24667,24669,24671],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,24652,12797],{"class":53},[47,24654,58],{"class":57},[47,24656,10423],{"class":77},[47,24658,309],{"class":151},[47,24660,7601],{"class":155},[47,24662,309],{"class":151},[47,24664,2826],{"class":77},[47,24666,303],{"class":151},[47,24668,12814],{"class":155},[47,24670,309],{"class":151},[47,24672,9240],{"class":77},[47,24674,24675,24677,24679,24681,24683,24686],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,24676,99],{"class":98},[47,24678,78],{"class":77},[47,24680,13561],{"class":81},[47,24682,914],{"class":77},[47,24684,16859],{"class":24685},"skxfh",[47,24687,85],{"class":77},[20,24689,24690],{},"Without parentheses, you are referring to the method itself, not calling it.",[33,24692,1504],{"id":1503},[20,24694,24695,1509,24697,24699],{},[15,24696,17001],{},[15,24698,16950],{}," object.",[20,24701,24702],{},"This object:",[185,24704,24705,24708,24711,24717],{},[188,24706,24707],{},"contains all keys in the dictionary",[188,24709,24710],{},"can be used in a loop",[188,24712,24713,24714],{},"can be converted with ",[15,24715,24716],{},"list()",[188,24718,24719],{},"is useful when checking available keys",[20,24721,800],{},[38,24723,24725],{"className":40,"code":24724,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2020}\n\nresult = car.keys()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,24726,24727,24768,24772,24787,24791,24801],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,24728,24729,24732,24734,24736,24738,24741,24743,24745,24747,24750,24752,24754,24756,24759,24761,24763,24766],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,24730,24731],{"class":53},"car ",[47,24733,58],{"class":57},[47,24735,10423],{"class":77},[47,24737,309],{"class":151},[47,24739,24740],{"class":155},"brand",[47,24742,309],{"class":151},[47,24744,2826],{"class":77},[47,24746,303],{"class":151},[47,24748,24749],{"class":155},"Toyota",[47,24751,309],{"class":151},[47,24753,668],{"class":77},[47,24755,303],{"class":151},[47,24757,24758],{"class":155},"year",[47,24760,309],{"class":151},[47,24762,2826],{"class":77},[47,24764,24765],{"class":61}," 2020",[47,24767,9240],{"class":77},[47,24769,24770],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,24771,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,24773,24774,24776,24778,24781,24783,24785],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,24775,2184],{"class":53},[47,24777,58],{"class":57},[47,24779,24780],{"class":53}," car",[47,24782,914],{"class":77},[47,24784,16859],{"class":81},[47,24786,8574],{"class":77},[47,24788,24789],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,24790,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,24792,24793,24795,24797,24799],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,24794,99],{"class":98},[47,24796,78],{"class":77},[47,24798,2218],{"class":81},[47,24800,85],{"class":77},[47,24802,24803,24805,24807,24809,24811,24813],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,24804,99],{"class":98},[47,24806,78],{"class":77},[47,24808,116],{"class":73},[47,24810,78],{"class":77},[47,24812,2218],{"class":81},[47,24814,123],{"class":77},[20,24816,24817],{},[127,24818,129],{},[38,24820,24822],{"className":40,"code":24821,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dict_keys(['brand', 'year'])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_keys'>\n",[15,24823,24824,24846],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,24825,24826,24828,24830,24832,24834,24836,24838,24840,24842,24844],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,24827,16950],{"class":81},[47,24829,2928],{"class":77},[47,24831,159],{"class":151},[47,24833,24740],{"class":155},[47,24835,159],{"class":151},[47,24837,668],{"class":77},[47,24839,152],{"class":151},[47,24841,24758],{"class":155},[47,24843,159],{"class":151},[47,24845,3825],{"class":77},[47,24847,24848,24850,24852,24854,24856,24858],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,24849,144],{"class":57},[47,24851,148],{"class":147},[47,24853,152],{"class":151},[47,24855,16950],{"class":155},[47,24857,159],{"class":151},[47,24859,162],{"class":57},[20,24861,24862,24863,24867,24868,914],{},"If you want dictionary values instead, see the ",[360,24864,10669,24865,10673],{"href":17004},[15,24866,17007],{},". If you want both keys and values together, see the ",[360,24869,10669,24870,10673],{"href":17011},[15,24871,17014],{},[33,24873,24875],{"id":24874},"looping-through-dictionary-keys","Looping through dictionary keys",[20,24877,24878],{},"You can loop through the keys like this:",[38,24880,24882],{"className":40,"code":24881,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"course\": \"Math\"}\n\nfor key in student.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,24883,24884,24937,24941,24957],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,24885,24886,24888,24890,24892,24894,24896,24898,24900,24902,24904,24906,24908,24910,24912,24914,24916,24918,24920,24922,24924,24926,24928,24930,24933,24935],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,24887,12797],{"class":53},[47,24889,58],{"class":57},[47,24891,10423],{"class":77},[47,24893,309],{"class":151},[47,24895,7601],{"class":155},[47,24897,309],{"class":151},[47,24899,2826],{"class":77},[47,24901,303],{"class":151},[47,24903,12814],{"class":155},[47,24905,309],{"class":151},[47,24907,668],{"class":77},[47,24909,303],{"class":151},[47,24911,82],{"class":155},[47,24913,309],{"class":151},[47,24915,2826],{"class":77},[47,24917,7722],{"class":61},[47,24919,668],{"class":77},[47,24921,303],{"class":151},[47,24923,15263],{"class":155},[47,24925,309],{"class":151},[47,24927,2826],{"class":77},[47,24929,303],{"class":151},[47,24931,24932],{"class":155},"Math",[47,24934,309],{"class":151},[47,24936,9240],{"class":77},[47,24938,24939],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,24940,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,24942,24943,24945,24947,24949,24951,24953,24955],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,24944,5892],{"class":3812},[47,24946,18144],{"class":53},[47,24948,3819],{"class":3812},[47,24950,12840],{"class":53},[47,24952,914],{"class":77},[47,24954,16859],{"class":81},[47,24956,21531],{"class":77},[47,24958,24959,24961,24963,24965],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,24960,8000],{"class":98},[47,24962,78],{"class":77},[47,24964,14776],{"class":81},[47,24966,85],{"class":77},[20,24968,24969],{},[127,24970,129],{},[38,24972,24974],{"className":40,"code":24973,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name\nage\ncourse\n",[15,24975,24976,24981,24986],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,24977,24978],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,24979,24980],{"class":53},"name\n",[47,24982,24983],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,24984,24985],{"class":53},"age\n",[47,24987,24988],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,24989,24990],{"class":53},"course\n",[20,24992,24993],{},"In most cases, this also works:",[38,24995,24997],{"className":40,"code":24996,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"for key in student:\n    print(key)\n",[15,24998,24999,25011],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,25000,25001,25003,25005,25007,25009],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,25002,5892],{"class":3812},[47,25004,18144],{"class":53},[47,25006,3819],{"class":3812},[47,25008,12840],{"class":53},[47,25010,6329],{"class":77},[47,25012,25013,25015,25017,25019],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,25014,8000],{"class":98},[47,25016,78],{"class":77},[47,25018,14776],{"class":81},[47,25020,85],{"class":77},[20,25022,25023,25024,25027],{},"Both are valid. For beginners, ",[15,25025,25026],{},"student.keys()"," is more explicit because it clearly shows that you are looping through keys.",[33,25029,773,25031],{"id":25030},"when-to-use-keys",[15,25032,17001],{},[20,25034,165,25035,10533],{},[15,25036,17001],{},[185,25038,25039,25042,25045],{},[188,25040,25041],{},"you only need the dictionary keys",[188,25043,25044],{},"you want to display available fields",[188,25046,25047],{},"you want to inspect what keys exist in a dictionary",[20,25049,800],{},[38,25051,25053],{"className":40,"code":25052,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99, \"stock\": 5}\n\nprint(\"Available fields:\")\nfor key in product.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,25054,25055,25107,25111,25126,25143],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,25056,25057,25060,25062,25064,25066,25068,25070,25072,25074,25077,25079,25081,25083,25085,25087,25089,25092,25094,25096,25099,25101,25103,25105],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,25058,25059],{"class":53},"product ",[47,25061,58],{"class":57},[47,25063,10423],{"class":77},[47,25065,309],{"class":151},[47,25067,7601],{"class":155},[47,25069,309],{"class":151},[47,25071,2826],{"class":77},[47,25073,303],{"class":151},[47,25075,25076],{"class":155},"Book",[47,25078,309],{"class":151},[47,25080,668],{"class":77},[47,25082,303],{"class":151},[47,25084,494],{"class":155},[47,25086,309],{"class":151},[47,25088,2826],{"class":77},[47,25090,25091],{"class":61}," 12.99",[47,25093,668],{"class":77},[47,25095,303],{"class":151},[47,25097,25098],{"class":155},"stock",[47,25100,309],{"class":151},[47,25102,2826],{"class":77},[47,25104,4540],{"class":61},[47,25106,9240],{"class":77},[47,25108,25109],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,25110,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,25112,25113,25115,25117,25119,25122,25124],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,25114,99],{"class":98},[47,25116,78],{"class":77},[47,25118,309],{"class":151},[47,25120,25121],{"class":155},"Available fields:",[47,25123,309],{"class":151},[47,25125,85],{"class":77},[47,25127,25128,25130,25132,25134,25137,25139,25141],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,25129,5892],{"class":3812},[47,25131,18144],{"class":53},[47,25133,3819],{"class":3812},[47,25135,25136],{"class":53}," product",[47,25138,914],{"class":77},[47,25140,16859],{"class":81},[47,25142,21531],{"class":77},[47,25144,25145,25147,25149,25151],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,25146,8000],{"class":98},[47,25148,78],{"class":77},[47,25150,14776],{"class":81},[47,25152,85],{"class":77},[20,25154,25155],{},[127,25156,129],{},[38,25158,25160],{"className":40,"code":25159,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Available fields:\nname\nprice\nstock\n",[15,25161,25162,25169,25173,25178],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,25163,25164,25167],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,25165,25166],{"class":53},"Available fields",[47,25168,6329],{"class":77},[47,25170,25171],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,25172,24980],{"class":53},[47,25174,25175],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,25176,25177],{"class":53},"price\n",[47,25179,25180],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,25181,25182],{"class":53},"stock\n",[20,25184,25185],{},"You may also see membership checks like this:",[38,25187,25189],{"className":40,"code":25188,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99}\n\nprint(\"name\" in product.keys())\n",[15,25190,25191,25227,25231],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,25192,25193,25195,25197,25199,25201,25203,25205,25207,25209,25211,25213,25215,25217,25219,25221,25223,25225],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,25194,25059],{"class":53},[47,25196,58],{"class":57},[47,25198,10423],{"class":77},[47,25200,309],{"class":151},[47,25202,7601],{"class":155},[47,25204,309],{"class":151},[47,25206,2826],{"class":77},[47,25208,303],{"class":151},[47,25210,25076],{"class":155},[47,25212,309],{"class":151},[47,25214,668],{"class":77},[47,25216,303],{"class":151},[47,25218,494],{"class":155},[47,25220,309],{"class":151},[47,25222,2826],{"class":77},[47,25224,25091],{"class":61},[47,25226,9240],{"class":77},[47,25228,25229],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,25230,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,25232,25233,25235,25237,25239,25241,25243,25245,25247,25249,25251],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,25234,99],{"class":98},[47,25236,78],{"class":77},[47,25238,309],{"class":151},[47,25240,7601],{"class":155},[47,25242,309],{"class":151},[47,25244,21109],{"class":3812},[47,25246,25136],{"class":81},[47,25248,914],{"class":77},[47,25250,16859],{"class":81},[47,25252,7127],{"class":77},[20,25254,25255,25256,914],{},"This works and returns ",[15,25257,212],{},[20,25259,25260],{},"However, this is usually simpler:",[38,25262,25264],{"className":40,"code":25263,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(\"name\" in product)\n",[15,25265,25266],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,25267,25268,25270,25272,25274,25276,25278,25280,25282],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,25269,99],{"class":98},[47,25271,78],{"class":77},[47,25273,309],{"class":151},[47,25275,7601],{"class":155},[47,25277,309],{"class":151},[47,25279,21109],{"class":3812},[47,25281,25136],{"class":81},[47,25283,85],{"class":77},[20,25285,25286,25287,914],{},"If you want to learn that pattern, see ",[360,25288,21142],{"href":17089},[33,25290,25292],{"id":25291},"common-beginner-confusion","Common beginner confusion",[20,25294,25295,25296,914],{},"Here are some common mistakes beginners make with ",[15,25297,17001],{},[373,25299,1400,25301,25303],{"id":25300},"expecting-keys-to-return-key-value-pairs",[15,25302,17001],{}," to return key-value pairs",[20,25305,25306,25308],{},[15,25307,17001],{}," returns only the keys.",[20,25310,800],{},[38,25312,25314],{"className":40,"code":25313,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(data.keys())\n",[15,25315,25316,25352],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,25317,25318,25320,25322,25324,25326,25328,25330,25332,25334,25336,25338,25340,25342,25344,25346,25348,25350],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,25319,9098],{"class":53},[47,25321,58],{"class":57},[47,25323,10423],{"class":77},[47,25325,309],{"class":151},[47,25327,7601],{"class":155},[47,25329,309],{"class":151},[47,25331,2826],{"class":77},[47,25333,303],{"class":151},[47,25335,12814],{"class":155},[47,25337,309],{"class":151},[47,25339,668],{"class":77},[47,25341,303],{"class":151},[47,25343,82],{"class":155},[47,25345,309],{"class":151},[47,25347,2826],{"class":77},[47,25349,7722],{"class":61},[47,25351,9240],{"class":77},[47,25353,25354,25356,25358,25360,25362,25364],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,25355,99],{"class":98},[47,25357,78],{"class":77},[47,25359,9137],{"class":81},[47,25361,914],{"class":77},[47,25363,16859],{"class":81},[47,25365,7127],{"class":77},[20,25367,25368],{},[127,25369,129],{},[38,25371,25373],{"className":40,"code":25372,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n",[15,25374,25375],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,25376,25377,25379,25381,25383,25385,25387,25389,25391,25393,25395],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,25378,16950],{"class":81},[47,25380,2928],{"class":77},[47,25382,159],{"class":151},[47,25384,7601],{"class":155},[47,25386,159],{"class":151},[47,25388,668],{"class":77},[47,25390,152],{"class":151},[47,25392,82],{"class":155},[47,25394,159],{"class":151},[47,25396,3825],{"class":77},[20,25398,25399,25400,914],{},"If you want both keys and values, use ",[360,25401,25402],{"href":17011},[15,25403,17014],{},[373,25405,25407,25408],{"id":25406},"expecting-a-list-instead-of-dict_keys","Expecting a list instead of ",[15,25409,16950],{},[20,25411,25412],{},"Many beginners expect this:",[38,25414,25416],{"className":40,"code":25415,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['name', 'age']\n",[15,25417,25418],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,25419,25420,25422,25424,25426,25428,25430,25432,25434,25436],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,25421,736],{"class":77},[47,25423,159],{"class":151},[47,25425,7601],{"class":155},[47,25427,159],{"class":151},[47,25429,668],{"class":77},[47,25431,152],{"class":151},[47,25433,82],{"class":155},[47,25435,159],{"class":151},[47,25437,679],{"class":77},[20,25439,25440,25441,25443],{},"But ",[15,25442,17001],{}," returns:",[38,25445,25446],{"className":40,"code":25372,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,25447,25448],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,25449,25450,25452,25454,25456,25458,25460,25462,25464,25466,25468],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,25451,16950],{"class":81},[47,25453,2928],{"class":77},[47,25455,159],{"class":151},[47,25457,7601],{"class":155},[47,25459,159],{"class":151},[47,25461,668],{"class":77},[47,25463,152],{"class":151},[47,25465,82],{"class":155},[47,25467,159],{"class":151},[47,25469,3825],{"class":77},[20,25471,25472],{},"If you need a real list, convert it:",[38,25474,25476],{"className":40,"code":25475,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkey_list = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(key_list)\n",[15,25477,25478,25514,25533,25537],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,25479,25480,25482,25484,25486,25488,25490,25492,25494,25496,25498,25500,25502,25504,25506,25508,25510,25512],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,25481,9098],{"class":53},[47,25483,58],{"class":57},[47,25485,10423],{"class":77},[47,25487,309],{"class":151},[47,25489,7601],{"class":155},[47,25491,309],{"class":151},[47,25493,2826],{"class":77},[47,25495,303],{"class":151},[47,25497,12814],{"class":155},[47,25499,309],{"class":151},[47,25501,668],{"class":77},[47,25503,303],{"class":151},[47,25505,82],{"class":155},[47,25507,309],{"class":151},[47,25509,2826],{"class":77},[47,25511,7722],{"class":61},[47,25513,9240],{"class":77},[47,25515,25516,25519,25521,25523,25525,25527,25529,25531],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,25517,25518],{"class":53},"key_list ",[47,25520,58],{"class":57},[47,25522,22494],{"class":73},[47,25524,78],{"class":77},[47,25526,9137],{"class":81},[47,25528,914],{"class":77},[47,25530,16859],{"class":81},[47,25532,7127],{"class":77},[47,25534,25535],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,25536,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,25538,25539,25541,25543,25546],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,25540,99],{"class":98},[47,25542,78],{"class":77},[47,25544,25545],{"class":81},"key_list",[47,25547,85],{"class":77},[373,25549,25551,25552,25554],{"id":25550},"trying-to-use-keys-on-a-list-or-string","Trying to use ",[15,25553,17001],{}," on a list or string",[20,25556,25557,25559],{},[15,25558,17001],{}," only works on dictionaries.",[20,25561,2782],{},[38,25563,25565],{"className":40,"code":25564,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.keys())\n",[15,25566,25567,25587],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,25568,25569,25571,25573,25575,25577,25579,25581,25583,25585],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,25570,3554],{"class":53},[47,25572,58],{"class":57},[47,25574,662],{"class":77},[47,25576,665],{"class":61},[47,25578,668],{"class":77},[47,25580,671],{"class":61},[47,25582,668],{"class":77},[47,25584,676],{"class":61},[47,25586,679],{"class":77},[47,25588,25589,25591,25593,25595,25597,25599],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,25590,99],{"class":98},[47,25592,78],{"class":77},[47,25594,3584],{"class":81},[47,25596,914],{"class":77},[47,25598,16859],{"class":81},[47,25600,7127],{"class":77},[20,25602,25603,25604,25607,25608,25610,25611,914],{},"You may get an ",[15,25605,25606],{},"AttributeError"," because lists do not have a ",[15,25609,17001],{}," method. If that happens, see ",[360,25612,1652,25614,25617],{"href":25613},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F",[15,25615,25616],{},"'object has no attribute'"," errors in Python",[373,25619,25621],{"id":25620},"forgetting-parentheses","Forgetting parentheses",[20,25623,25624],{},"This is a very common mistake:",[38,25626,25628],{"className":40,"code":25627,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(data.keys)\n",[15,25629,25630,25654],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,25631,25632,25634,25636,25638,25640,25642,25644,25646,25648,25650,25652],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,25633,9098],{"class":53},[47,25635,58],{"class":57},[47,25637,10423],{"class":77},[47,25639,309],{"class":151},[47,25641,7601],{"class":155},[47,25643,309],{"class":151},[47,25645,2826],{"class":77},[47,25647,303],{"class":151},[47,25649,12814],{"class":155},[47,25651,309],{"class":151},[47,25653,9240],{"class":77},[47,25655,25656,25658,25660,25662,25664,25666],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,25657,99],{"class":98},[47,25659,78],{"class":77},[47,25661,9137],{"class":81},[47,25663,914],{"class":77},[47,25665,16859],{"class":24685},[47,25667,85],{"class":77},[20,25669,25670],{},"That prints the method object, not the keys.",[20,25672,18630],{},[38,25674,25676],{"className":40,"code":25675,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(data.keys())\n",[15,25677,25678],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,25679,25680,25682,25684,25686,25688,25690],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,25681,99],{"class":98},[47,25683,78],{"class":77},[47,25685,9137],{"class":81},[47,25687,914],{"class":77},[47,25689,16859],{"class":81},[47,25691,7127],{"class":77},[33,25693,2775],{"id":2774},[20,25695,25696,25697,2826],{},"These are the most common problems related to ",[15,25698,17001],{},[185,25700,25701,25706,25711,25717],{},[188,25702,1335,25703,25705],{},[15,25704,17001],{}," on a non-dictionary object",[188,25707,1135,25708,25710],{},[15,25709,17001],{}," returns values too",[188,25712,25713,25714,25716],{},"Trying to index ",[15,25715,16950],{}," like a normal list",[188,25718,25719,25720,25722],{},"Forgetting to convert ",[15,25721,16950],{}," to a list when needed",[20,25724,25725],{},"For example, this may not work the way you expect:",[38,25727,25729],{"className":40,"code":25728,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = data.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\n# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[15,25730,25731,25763,25777,25781,25791],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,25732,25733,25735,25737,25739,25741,25743,25745,25747,25749,25751,25753,25755,25757,25759,25761],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,25734,9098],{"class":53},[47,25736,58],{"class":57},[47,25738,10423],{"class":77},[47,25740,309],{"class":151},[47,25742,360],{"class":155},[47,25744,309],{"class":151},[47,25746,2826],{"class":77},[47,25748,5431],{"class":61},[47,25750,668],{"class":77},[47,25752,303],{"class":151},[47,25754,4696],{"class":155},[47,25756,309],{"class":151},[47,25758,2826],{"class":77},[47,25760,671],{"class":61},[47,25762,9240],{"class":77},[47,25764,25765,25767,25769,25771,25773,25775],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,25766,17178],{"class":53},[47,25768,58],{"class":57},[47,25770,14501],{"class":53},[47,25772,914],{"class":77},[47,25774,16859],{"class":81},[47,25776,8574],{"class":77},[47,25778,25779],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,25780,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,25782,25783,25785,25787,25789],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,25784,99],{"class":98},[47,25786,78],{"class":77},[47,25788,16859],{"class":81},[47,25790,85],{"class":77},[47,25792,25793],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,25794,25795],{"class":1378},"# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[20,25797,25798],{},"If you need indexing, convert first:",[38,25800,25802],{"className":40,"code":25801,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(keys[0])\n",[15,25803,25804,25836,25854,25858],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,25805,25806,25808,25810,25812,25814,25816,25818,25820,25822,25824,25826,25828,25830,25832,25834],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,25807,9098],{"class":53},[47,25809,58],{"class":57},[47,25811,10423],{"class":77},[47,25813,309],{"class":151},[47,25815,360],{"class":155},[47,25817,309],{"class":151},[47,25819,2826],{"class":77},[47,25821,5431],{"class":61},[47,25823,668],{"class":77},[47,25825,303],{"class":151},[47,25827,4696],{"class":155},[47,25829,309],{"class":151},[47,25831,2826],{"class":77},[47,25833,671],{"class":61},[47,25835,9240],{"class":77},[47,25837,25838,25840,25842,25844,25846,25848,25850,25852],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,25839,17178],{"class":53},[47,25841,58],{"class":57},[47,25843,22494],{"class":73},[47,25845,78],{"class":77},[47,25847,9137],{"class":81},[47,25849,914],{"class":77},[47,25851,16859],{"class":81},[47,25853,7127],{"class":77},[47,25855,25856],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,25857,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,25859,25860,25862,25864,25866,25868,25870],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,25861,99],{"class":98},[47,25863,78],{"class":77},[47,25865,16859],{"class":81},[47,25867,736],{"class":77},[47,25869,2077],{"class":61},[47,25871,3825],{"class":77},[33,25873,25875],{"id":25874},"debugging-tips","Debugging tips",[20,25877,11046],{},[38,25879,25881],{"className":40,"code":25880,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(list(my_dict.keys()))\n",[15,25882,25883,25897,25907,25921],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,25884,25885,25887,25889,25891,25893,25895],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,25886,99],{"class":98},[47,25888,78],{"class":77},[47,25890,116],{"class":73},[47,25892,78],{"class":77},[47,25894,11384],{"class":81},[47,25896,123],{"class":77},[47,25898,25899,25901,25903,25905],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,25900,99],{"class":98},[47,25902,78],{"class":77},[47,25904,11384],{"class":81},[47,25906,85],{"class":77},[47,25908,25909,25911,25913,25915,25917,25919],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,25910,99],{"class":98},[47,25912,78],{"class":77},[47,25914,11384],{"class":81},[47,25916,914],{"class":77},[47,25918,16859],{"class":81},[47,25920,7127],{"class":77},[47,25922,25923,25925,25927,25929,25931,25933,25935,25937],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,25924,99],{"class":98},[47,25926,78],{"class":77},[47,25928,8025],{"class":73},[47,25930,78],{"class":77},[47,25932,11384],{"class":81},[47,25934,914],{"class":77},[47,25936,16859],{"class":81},[47,25938,6225],{"class":77},[20,25940,25941],{},"These help you confirm:",[185,25943,25944,25947,25950,25955],{},[188,25945,25946],{},"whether the variable is really a dictionary",[188,25948,25949],{},"what data it contains",[188,25951,25952,25953,11639],{},"what ",[15,25954,17001],{},[188,25956,25957],{},"what the keys look like as a list",[33,25959,1762],{"id":1761},[373,25961,23853,25963,1769],{"id":25962},"what-does-dictionary-keys-return-in-python",[15,25964,17001],{},[20,25966,17356,25967,25969],{},[15,25968,16950],{}," view object containing all keys in the dictionary.",[373,25971,1806,25973,25976],{"id":25972},"is-dictkeys-a-list",[15,25974,25975],{},"dict.keys()"," a list?",[20,25978,25979,25980,25982,25983,914],{},"No. It returns a ",[15,25981,16950],{}," object. You can convert it with ",[15,25984,25985],{},"list(dict.keys())",[373,25987,25989,25990,1812],{"id":25988},"can-i-loop-through-dictkeys","Can I loop through ",[15,25991,25975],{},[20,25993,25994,25995,25997],{},"Yes. You can use it in a ",[15,25996,5892],{}," loop.",[373,25999,26001,26002,26004],{"id":26000},"do-i-need-to-use-keys-to-loop-through-a-dictionary","Do I need to use ",[15,26003,17001],{}," to loop through a dictionary?",[20,26006,26007,26008,26010],{},"No. You can loop directly over the dictionary, but ",[15,26009,17001],{}," makes your intent clearer.",[373,26012,26014],{"id":26013},"how-do-i-get-the-keys-as-a-list","How do I get the keys as a list?",[20,26016,165,26017,914],{},[15,26018,26019],{},"list(my_dict.keys())",[33,26021,1825],{"id":1824},[185,26023,26024,26029,26035,26041,26047,26051],{},[188,26025,26026],{},[360,26027,26028],{"href":9322},"How to create a dictionary in Python",[188,26030,26031],{},[360,26032,10669,26033,10673],{"href":17004},[15,26034,17007],{},[188,26036,26037],{},[360,26038,10669,26039,10673],{"href":17011},[15,26040,17014],{},[188,26042,26043],{},[360,26044,26046],{"href":26045},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-keys-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all keys from a dictionary in Python",[188,26048,26049],{},[360,26050,17090],{"href":17089},[188,26052,26053],{},[360,26054,26055,26056,25617],{"href":25613},"How to fix ",[15,26057,25616],{},[1875,26059,26060],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":65,"depth":65,"links":26062},[26063,26064,26066,26067,26068,26069,26070,26072,26081,26082,26083,26094],{"id":35,"depth":65,"text":36},{"id":24184,"depth":65,"text":26065},"What keys() does",{"id":5720,"depth":65,"text":5721},{"id":5363,"depth":65,"text":5364},{"id":1503,"depth":65,"text":1504},{"id":24874,"depth":65,"text":24875},{"id":25030,"depth":65,"text":26071},"When to use keys()",{"id":25291,"depth":65,"text":25292,"children":26073},[26074,26076,26078,26080],{"id":25300,"depth":88,"text":26075},"Expecting keys() to return key-value pairs",{"id":25406,"depth":88,"text":26077},"Expecting a list instead of dict_keys",{"id":25550,"depth":88,"text":26079},"Trying to use keys() on a list or string",{"id":25620,"depth":88,"text":25621},{"id":2774,"depth":65,"text":2775},{"id":25874,"depth":65,"text":25875},{"id":1761,"depth":65,"text":1762,"children":26084},[26085,26087,26089,26091,26093],{"id":25962,"depth":88,"text":26086},"What does dictionary keys() return in Python?",{"id":25972,"depth":88,"text":26088},"Is dict.keys() a list?",{"id":25988,"depth":88,"text":26090},"Can I loop through dict.keys()?",{"id":26000,"depth":88,"text":26092},"Do I need to use keys() to loop through a dictionary?",{"id":26013,"depth":88,"text":26014},{"id":1824,"depth":65,"text":1825},"Master python dictionary keys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":24006,"description":26095},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method","yoVvP2jVvnq--2L4aIR-uzvril2Qb_tpY3cJkvKn9RU",{"id":26101,"title":26102,"body":26103,"description":28376,"extension":1922,"meta":28377,"navigation":91,"path":28378,"seo":28379,"stem":28380,"__hash__":28381},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method.md","Python Dictionary pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":26104,"toc":28329},[26105,26110,26115,26118,26120,26266,26279,26284,26288,26302,26304,26407,26416,26418,26421,26459,26484,26486,26593,26595,26602,26605,26613,26615,26756,26764,26769,26773,26784,26786,26948,26951,26959,26966,26972,27069,27075,27152,27155,27167,27172,27178,27181,27185,27274,27277,27281,27385,27392,27479,27488,27490,27495,27501,27504,27550,27553,27619,27628,27634,27727,27733,27739,27782,27785,27850,27856,27948,27951,27955,27961,27986,27989,28085,28092,28094,28099,28190,28192,28220,28225,28227,28234,28237,28241,28251,28256,28259,28266,28276,28283,28291,28293,28326],[10,26106,11252,26108,11256],{"id":26107},"python-dictionary-pop-method",[15,26109,12696],{},[20,26111,26112,26114],{},[15,26113,12503],{}," removes a key from a dictionary and returns the value that was stored under that key.",[20,26116,26117],{},"This method is useful when you want to delete a key and still keep its value for later use. It is also a common way to remove a key safely when you provide a default value.",[33,26119,3544],{"id":3543},[38,26121,26123],{"className":40,"code":26122,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nremoved_age = person.pop(\"age\")\nprint(removed_age)   # 25\nprint(person)        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n\n# Safe version with default value\ncountry = person.pop(\"country\", \"Not found\")\nprint(country)       # Not found\n",[15,26124,26125,26161,26185,26199,26212,26216,26221,26253],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,26126,26127,26129,26131,26133,26135,26137,26139,26141,26143,26145,26147,26149,26151,26153,26155,26157,26159],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,26128,13139],{"class":53},[47,26130,58],{"class":57},[47,26132,10423],{"class":77},[47,26134,309],{"class":151},[47,26136,7601],{"class":155},[47,26138,309],{"class":151},[47,26140,2826],{"class":77},[47,26142,303],{"class":151},[47,26144,12814],{"class":155},[47,26146,309],{"class":151},[47,26148,668],{"class":77},[47,26150,303],{"class":151},[47,26152,82],{"class":155},[47,26154,309],{"class":151},[47,26156,2826],{"class":77},[47,26158,900],{"class":61},[47,26160,9240],{"class":77},[47,26162,26163,26166,26168,26170,26172,26175,26177,26179,26181,26183],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,26164,26165],{"class":53},"removed_age ",[47,26167,58],{"class":57},[47,26169,13182],{"class":53},[47,26171,914],{"class":77},[47,26173,26174],{"class":81},"pop",[47,26176,78],{"class":77},[47,26178,309],{"class":151},[47,26180,82],{"class":155},[47,26182,309],{"class":151},[47,26184,85],{"class":77},[47,26186,26187,26189,26191,26194,26196],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,26188,99],{"class":98},[47,26190,78],{"class":77},[47,26192,26193],{"class":81},"removed_age",[47,26195,862],{"class":77},[47,26197,26198],{"class":1378},"   # 25\n",[47,26200,26201,26203,26205,26207,26209],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,26202,99],{"class":98},[47,26204,78],{"class":77},[47,26206,17243],{"class":81},[47,26208,862],{"class":77},[47,26210,26211],{"class":1378},"        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[47,26213,26214],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,26215,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,26217,26218],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,26219,26220],{"class":1378},"# Safe version with default value\n",[47,26222,26223,26226,26228,26230,26232,26234,26236,26238,26240,26242,26244,26246,26249,26251],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,26224,26225],{"class":53},"country ",[47,26227,58],{"class":57},[47,26229,13182],{"class":53},[47,26231,914],{"class":77},[47,26233,26174],{"class":81},[47,26235,78],{"class":77},[47,26237,309],{"class":151},[47,26239,15196],{"class":155},[47,26241,309],{"class":151},[47,26243,668],{"class":77},[47,26245,303],{"class":151},[47,26247,26248],{"class":155},"Not found",[47,26250,309],{"class":151},[47,26252,85],{"class":77},[47,26254,26255,26257,26259,26261,26263],{"class":49,"line":1734},[47,26256,99],{"class":98},[47,26258,78],{"class":77},[47,26260,15196],{"class":81},[47,26262,862],{"class":77},[47,26264,26265],{"class":1378},"       # Not found\n",[20,26267,165,26268,26271,26272,26275,26276,26278],{},[15,26269,26270],{},"pop(key)"," to remove a key and get its value. Use ",[15,26273,26274],{},"pop(key, default)"," to avoid a ",[15,26277,19623],{}," when the key might not exist.",[33,26280,172,26282,175],{"id":26281},"what-dictpop-does",[15,26283,12503],{},[20,26285,26286,2826],{},[15,26287,12503],{},[185,26289,26290,26293,26296,26299],{},[188,26291,26292],{},"Removes one key from a dictionary",[188,26294,26295],{},"Returns the value that belonged to that key",[188,26297,26298],{},"Changes the original dictionary",[188,26300,26301],{},"Works only with dictionary keys, not positions",[20,26303,800],{},[38,26305,26307],{"className":40,"code":26306,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"user = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"city\": \"Paris\"}\n\nremoved_city = user.pop(\"city\")\n\nprint(removed_city)  # Paris\nprint(user)          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[15,26308,26309,26349,26353,26376,26380,26394],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,26310,26311,26313,26315,26317,26319,26321,26323,26325,26327,26329,26331,26333,26335,26337,26339,26341,26343,26345,26347],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,26312,11422],{"class":53},[47,26314,58],{"class":57},[47,26316,10423],{"class":77},[47,26318,309],{"class":151},[47,26320,7601],{"class":155},[47,26322,309],{"class":151},[47,26324,2826],{"class":77},[47,26326,303],{"class":151},[47,26328,13156],{"class":155},[47,26330,309],{"class":151},[47,26332,668],{"class":77},[47,26334,303],{"class":151},[47,26336,10341],{"class":155},[47,26338,309],{"class":151},[47,26340,2826],{"class":77},[47,26342,303],{"class":151},[47,26344,10348],{"class":155},[47,26346,309],{"class":151},[47,26348,9240],{"class":77},[47,26350,26351],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,26352,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,26354,26355,26358,26360,26362,26364,26366,26368,26370,26372,26374],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,26356,26357],{"class":53},"removed_city ",[47,26359,58],{"class":57},[47,26361,11504],{"class":53},[47,26363,914],{"class":77},[47,26365,26174],{"class":81},[47,26367,78],{"class":77},[47,26369,309],{"class":151},[47,26371,10341],{"class":155},[47,26373,309],{"class":151},[47,26375,85],{"class":77},[47,26377,26378],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,26379,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,26381,26382,26384,26386,26389,26391],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,26383,99],{"class":98},[47,26385,78],{"class":77},[47,26387,26388],{"class":81},"removed_city",[47,26390,862],{"class":77},[47,26392,26393],{"class":1378},"  # Paris\n",[47,26395,26396,26398,26400,26402,26404],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,26397,99],{"class":98},[47,26399,78],{"class":77},[47,26401,11515],{"class":81},[47,26403,862],{"class":77},[47,26405,26406],{"class":1378},"          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[20,26408,267,26409,26412,26413,914],{},[15,26410,26411],{},"\"city\""," is the key being removed. The method returns its value, which is ",[15,26414,26415],{},"\"Paris\"",[33,26417,245],{"id":244},[20,26419,26420],{},"There are two common forms:",[38,26422,26424],{"className":40,"code":26423,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_dict.pop(key)\nmy_dict.pop(key, default)\n",[15,26425,26426,26440],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,26427,26428,26430,26432,26434,26436,26438],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,26429,11384],{"class":53},[47,26431,914],{"class":77},[47,26433,26174],{"class":81},[47,26435,78],{"class":77},[47,26437,14776],{"class":81},[47,26439,85],{"class":77},[47,26441,26442,26444,26446,26448,26450,26452,26454,26457],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,26443,11384],{"class":53},[47,26445,914],{"class":77},[47,26447,26174],{"class":81},[47,26449,78],{"class":77},[47,26451,14776],{"class":81},[47,26453,668],{"class":77},[47,26455,26456],{"class":81}," default",[47,26458,85],{"class":77},[185,26460,26461,26467,26475,26481],{},[188,26462,26463,26466],{},[15,26464,26465],{},"dict.pop(key)"," removes the key if it exists",[188,26468,26469,26471,26472,26474],{},[15,26470,26465],{}," raises ",[15,26473,19623],{}," if the key is missing",[188,26476,26477,26480],{},[15,26478,26479],{},"dict.pop(key, default)"," returns the default value if the key is missing",[188,26482,26483],{},"The second form is safer when you are not sure the key exists",[20,26485,800],{},[38,26487,26489],{"className":40,"code":26488,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"science\": 85}\n\nprint(scores.pop(\"math\"))         # 90\nprint(scores.pop(\"history\", 0))   # 0\nprint(scores)                     # {'science': 85}\n",[15,26490,26491,26523,26527,26552,26580],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,26492,26493,26495,26497,26499,26501,26503,26505,26507,26509,26511,26513,26515,26517,26519,26521],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,26494,4998],{"class":53},[47,26496,58],{"class":57},[47,26498,10423],{"class":77},[47,26500,309],{"class":151},[47,26502,18352],{"class":155},[47,26504,309],{"class":151},[47,26506,2826],{"class":77},[47,26508,19834],{"class":61},[47,26510,668],{"class":77},[47,26512,303],{"class":151},[47,26514,18361],{"class":155},[47,26516,309],{"class":151},[47,26518,2826],{"class":77},[47,26520,13442],{"class":61},[47,26522,9240],{"class":77},[47,26524,26525],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,26526,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,26528,26529,26531,26533,26535,26537,26539,26541,26543,26545,26547,26549],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,26530,99],{"class":98},[47,26532,78],{"class":77},[47,26534,16324],{"class":81},[47,26536,914],{"class":77},[47,26538,26174],{"class":81},[47,26540,78],{"class":77},[47,26542,309],{"class":151},[47,26544,18352],{"class":155},[47,26546,309],{"class":151},[47,26548,5294],{"class":77},[47,26550,26551],{"class":1378},"         # 90\n",[47,26553,26554,26556,26558,26560,26562,26564,26566,26568,26570,26572,26574,26576,26578],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,26555,99],{"class":98},[47,26557,78],{"class":77},[47,26559,16324],{"class":81},[47,26561,914],{"class":77},[47,26563,26174],{"class":81},[47,26565,78],{"class":77},[47,26567,309],{"class":151},[47,26569,18370],{"class":155},[47,26571,309],{"class":151},[47,26573,668],{"class":77},[47,26575,3769],{"class":61},[47,26577,5294],{"class":77},[47,26579,20704],{"class":1378},[47,26581,26582,26584,26586,26588,26590],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,26583,99],{"class":98},[47,26585,78],{"class":77},[47,26587,16324],{"class":81},[47,26589,862],{"class":77},[47,26591,26592],{"class":1378},"                     # {'science': 85}\n",[33,26594,1504],{"id":1503},[20,26596,26597,13989,26599,26601],{},[15,26598,12696],{},[127,26600,768],{}," return the updated dictionary.",[20,26603,26604],{},"Instead, it returns:",[185,26606,26607,26610],{},[188,26608,26609],{},"The removed value when the key exists",[188,26611,26612],{},"The default value if you provided one and the key is missing",[20,26614,800],{},[38,26616,26618],{"className":40,"code":26617,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"a\": 10, \"b\": 20}\n\nresult1 = data.pop(\"a\")\nresult2 = data.pop(\"c\", \"missing\")\n\nprint(result1)  # 10\nprint(result2)  # missing\nprint(data)     # {'b': 20}\n",[15,26619,26620,26652,26656,26679,26711,26715,26729,26743],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,26621,26622,26624,26626,26628,26630,26632,26634,26636,26638,26640,26642,26644,26646,26648,26650],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,26623,9098],{"class":53},[47,26625,58],{"class":57},[47,26627,10423],{"class":77},[47,26629,309],{"class":151},[47,26631,360],{"class":155},[47,26633,309],{"class":151},[47,26635,2826],{"class":77},[47,26637,5939],{"class":61},[47,26639,668],{"class":77},[47,26641,303],{"class":151},[47,26643,4696],{"class":155},[47,26645,309],{"class":151},[47,26647,2826],{"class":77},[47,26649,7722],{"class":61},[47,26651,9240],{"class":77},[47,26653,26654],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,26655,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,26657,26658,26661,26663,26665,26667,26669,26671,26673,26675,26677],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,26659,26660],{"class":53},"result1 ",[47,26662,58],{"class":57},[47,26664,14501],{"class":53},[47,26666,914],{"class":77},[47,26668,26174],{"class":81},[47,26670,78],{"class":77},[47,26672,309],{"class":151},[47,26674,360],{"class":155},[47,26676,309],{"class":151},[47,26678,85],{"class":77},[47,26680,26681,26684,26686,26688,26690,26692,26694,26696,26698,26700,26702,26704,26707,26709],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,26682,26683],{"class":53},"result2 ",[47,26685,58],{"class":57},[47,26687,14501],{"class":53},[47,26689,914],{"class":77},[47,26691,26174],{"class":81},[47,26693,78],{"class":77},[47,26695,309],{"class":151},[47,26697,9671],{"class":155},[47,26699,309],{"class":151},[47,26701,668],{"class":77},[47,26703,303],{"class":151},[47,26705,26706],{"class":155},"missing",[47,26708,309],{"class":151},[47,26710,85],{"class":77},[47,26712,26713],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,26714,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,26716,26717,26719,26721,26724,26726],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,26718,99],{"class":98},[47,26720,78],{"class":77},[47,26722,26723],{"class":81},"result1",[47,26725,862],{"class":77},[47,26727,26728],{"class":1378},"  # 10\n",[47,26730,26731,26733,26735,26738,26740],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,26732,99],{"class":98},[47,26734,78],{"class":77},[47,26736,26737],{"class":81},"result2",[47,26739,862],{"class":77},[47,26741,26742],{"class":1378},"  # missing\n",[47,26744,26745,26747,26749,26751,26753],{"class":49,"line":1734},[47,26746,99],{"class":98},[47,26748,78],{"class":77},[47,26750,9137],{"class":81},[47,26752,862],{"class":77},[47,26754,26755],{"class":1378},"     # {'b': 20}\n",[20,26757,26758,26759,6565],{},"If you only want to read a value without removing it, use ",[360,26760,26761],{"href":10668},[15,26762,26763],{},"dict.get()",[33,26765,773,26767],{"id":26766},"when-to-use-pop",[15,26768,12696],{},[20,26770,165,26771,10533],{},[15,26772,12696],{},[185,26774,26775,26778,26781],{},[188,26776,26777],{},"You want to remove a key and keep its value",[188,26779,26780],{},"You are processing dictionary data step by step",[188,26782,26783],{},"You are cleaning or extracting values from a dictionary",[20,26785,800],{},[38,26787,26789],{"className":40,"code":26788,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"product = {\"name\": \"Laptop\", \"price\": 1200, \"discount\": 200}\n\ndiscount_amount = product.pop(\"discount\", 0)\n\nfinal_price = product[\"price\"] - discount_amount\n\nprint(discount_amount)  # 200\nprint(final_price)      # 1000\nprint(product)          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[15,26790,26791,26843,26847,26874,26878,26902,26906,26920,26934],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,26792,26793,26795,26797,26799,26801,26803,26805,26807,26809,26812,26814,26816,26818,26820,26822,26824,26827,26829,26831,26834,26836,26838,26841],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,26794,25059],{"class":53},[47,26796,58],{"class":57},[47,26798,10423],{"class":77},[47,26800,309],{"class":151},[47,26802,7601],{"class":155},[47,26804,309],{"class":151},[47,26806,2826],{"class":77},[47,26808,303],{"class":151},[47,26810,26811],{"class":155},"Laptop",[47,26813,309],{"class":151},[47,26815,668],{"class":77},[47,26817,303],{"class":151},[47,26819,494],{"class":155},[47,26821,309],{"class":151},[47,26823,2826],{"class":77},[47,26825,26826],{"class":61}," 1200",[47,26828,668],{"class":77},[47,26830,303],{"class":151},[47,26832,26833],{"class":155},"discount",[47,26835,309],{"class":151},[47,26837,2826],{"class":77},[47,26839,26840],{"class":61}," 200",[47,26842,9240],{"class":77},[47,26844,26845],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,26846,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,26848,26849,26852,26854,26856,26858,26860,26862,26864,26866,26868,26870,26872],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,26850,26851],{"class":53},"discount_amount ",[47,26853,58],{"class":57},[47,26855,25136],{"class":53},[47,26857,914],{"class":77},[47,26859,26174],{"class":81},[47,26861,78],{"class":77},[47,26863,309],{"class":151},[47,26865,26833],{"class":155},[47,26867,309],{"class":151},[47,26869,668],{"class":77},[47,26871,3769],{"class":61},[47,26873,85],{"class":77},[47,26875,26876],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,26877,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,26879,26880,26883,26885,26887,26889,26891,26893,26895,26897,26899],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,26881,26882],{"class":53},"final_price ",[47,26884,58],{"class":57},[47,26886,25136],{"class":53},[47,26888,736],{"class":77},[47,26890,309],{"class":151},[47,26892,494],{"class":155},[47,26894,309],{"class":151},[47,26896,13208],{"class":77},[47,26898,2176],{"class":57},[47,26900,26901],{"class":53}," discount_amount\n",[47,26903,26904],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,26905,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,26907,26908,26910,26912,26915,26917],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,26909,99],{"class":98},[47,26911,78],{"class":77},[47,26913,26914],{"class":81},"discount_amount",[47,26916,862],{"class":77},[47,26918,26919],{"class":1378},"  # 200\n",[47,26921,26922,26924,26926,26929,26931],{"class":49,"line":1734},[47,26923,99],{"class":98},[47,26925,78],{"class":77},[47,26927,26928],{"class":81},"final_price",[47,26930,862],{"class":77},[47,26932,26933],{"class":1378},"      # 1000\n",[47,26935,26936,26938,26940,26943,26945],{"class":49,"line":6365},[47,26937,99],{"class":98},[47,26939,78],{"class":77},[47,26941,26942],{"class":81},"product",[47,26944,862],{"class":77},[47,26946,26947],{"class":1378},"          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[20,26949,26950],{},"This is helpful when you want to take one piece of data out and then continue working with the remaining dictionary.",[33,26952,26954,920,26956],{"id":26953},"pop-vs-del",[15,26955,12696],{},[15,26957,26958],{},"del",[20,26960,10522,26961,4329,26963,26965],{},[15,26962,12696],{},[15,26964,26958],{}," can remove a key from a dictionary, but they are not the same.",[373,26967,165,26969,26971],{"id":26968},"use-pop-when-you-need-the-removed-value",[15,26970,12696],{}," when you need the removed value",[38,26973,26975],{"className":40,"code":26974,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nage = person.pop(\"age\")\n\nprint(age)     # 25\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,26976,26977,27013,27017,27039,27043,27056],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,26978,26979,26981,26983,26985,26987,26989,26991,26993,26995,26997,26999,27001,27003,27005,27007,27009,27011],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,26980,13139],{"class":53},[47,26982,58],{"class":57},[47,26984,10423],{"class":77},[47,26986,309],{"class":151},[47,26988,7601],{"class":155},[47,26990,309],{"class":151},[47,26992,2826],{"class":77},[47,26994,303],{"class":151},[47,26996,12814],{"class":155},[47,26998,309],{"class":151},[47,27000,668],{"class":77},[47,27002,303],{"class":151},[47,27004,82],{"class":155},[47,27006,309],{"class":151},[47,27008,2826],{"class":77},[47,27010,900],{"class":61},[47,27012,9240],{"class":77},[47,27014,27015],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,27016,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,27018,27019,27021,27023,27025,27027,27029,27031,27033,27035,27037],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,27020,54],{"class":53},[47,27022,58],{"class":57},[47,27024,13182],{"class":53},[47,27026,914],{"class":77},[47,27028,26174],{"class":81},[47,27030,78],{"class":77},[47,27032,309],{"class":151},[47,27034,82],{"class":155},[47,27036,309],{"class":151},[47,27038,85],{"class":77},[47,27040,27041],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,27042,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,27044,27045,27047,27049,27051,27053],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,27046,99],{"class":98},[47,27048,78],{"class":77},[47,27050,82],{"class":81},[47,27052,862],{"class":77},[47,27054,27055],{"class":1378},"     # 25\n",[47,27057,27058,27060,27062,27064,27066],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,27059,99],{"class":98},[47,27061,78],{"class":77},[47,27063,17243],{"class":81},[47,27065,862],{"class":77},[47,27067,27068],{"class":1378},"  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[373,27070,165,27072,27074],{"id":27071},"use-del-when-you-only-want-deletion",[15,27073,26958],{}," when you only want deletion",[38,27076,27078],{"className":40,"code":27077,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\ndel person[\"age\"]\n\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,27079,27080,27116,27120,27136,27140],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,27081,27082,27084,27086,27088,27090,27092,27094,27096,27098,27100,27102,27104,27106,27108,27110,27112,27114],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,27083,13139],{"class":53},[47,27085,58],{"class":57},[47,27087,10423],{"class":77},[47,27089,309],{"class":151},[47,27091,7601],{"class":155},[47,27093,309],{"class":151},[47,27095,2826],{"class":77},[47,27097,303],{"class":151},[47,27099,12814],{"class":155},[47,27101,309],{"class":151},[47,27103,668],{"class":77},[47,27105,303],{"class":151},[47,27107,82],{"class":155},[47,27109,309],{"class":151},[47,27111,2826],{"class":77},[47,27113,900],{"class":61},[47,27115,9240],{"class":77},[47,27117,27118],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,27119,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,27121,27122,27124,27126,27128,27130,27132,27134],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,27123,26958],{"class":3812},[47,27125,13182],{"class":53},[47,27127,736],{"class":77},[47,27129,309],{"class":151},[47,27131,82],{"class":155},[47,27133,309],{"class":151},[47,27135,679],{"class":77},[47,27137,27138],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,27139,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,27141,27142,27144,27146,27148,27150],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,27143,99],{"class":98},[47,27145,78],{"class":77},[47,27147,17243],{"class":81},[47,27149,862],{"class":77},[47,27151,27068],{"class":1378},[20,27153,27154],{},"Difference:",[185,27156,27157,27162],{},[188,27158,27159,27161],{},[15,27160,12696],{}," removes a key and returns its value",[188,27163,27164,27166],{},[15,27165,26958],{}," removes a key but does not return the value",[20,27168,27169,27170,914],{},"If your goal is simply to remove a key, see ",[360,27171,12508],{"href":12507},[33,27173,27175,27176],{"id":27174},"how-to-avoid-keyerror","How to avoid ",[15,27177,19623],{},[20,27179,27180],{},"A common beginner problem is trying to remove a key that does not exist.",[373,27182,27184],{"id":27183},"option-1-use-a-default-value","Option 1: Use a default value",[38,27186,27188],{"className":40,"code":27187,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.pop(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,27189,27190,27215,27219,27245,27249,27261],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,27191,27192,27194,27196,27198,27200,27202,27204,27206,27208,27211,27213],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,27193,11658],{"class":53},[47,27195,58],{"class":57},[47,27197,10423],{"class":77},[47,27199,309],{"class":151},[47,27201,7601],{"class":155},[47,27203,309],{"class":151},[47,27205,2826],{"class":77},[47,27207,303],{"class":151},[47,27209,27210],{"class":155},"Sara",[47,27212,309],{"class":151},[47,27214,9240],{"class":77},[47,27216,27217],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,27218,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,27220,27221,27223,27225,27227,27229,27231,27233,27235,27237,27239,27241,27243],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,27222,566],{"class":53},[47,27224,58],{"class":57},[47,27226,11700],{"class":53},[47,27228,914],{"class":77},[47,27230,26174],{"class":81},[47,27232,78],{"class":77},[47,27234,309],{"class":151},[47,27236,82],{"class":155},[47,27238,309],{"class":151},[47,27240,668],{"class":77},[47,27242,3788],{"class":571},[47,27244,85],{"class":77},[47,27246,27247],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,27248,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,27250,27251,27253,27255,27257,27259],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,27252,99],{"class":98},[47,27254,78],{"class":77},[47,27256,585],{"class":81},[47,27258,862],{"class":77},[47,27260,20497],{"class":1378},[47,27262,27263,27265,27267,27269,27271],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,27264,99],{"class":98},[47,27266,78],{"class":77},[47,27268,11384],{"class":81},[47,27270,862],{"class":77},[47,27272,27273],{"class":1378}," # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[20,27275,27276],{},"This is the safest and shortest option.",[373,27278,27280],{"id":27279},"option-2-check-first","Option 2: Check first",[38,27282,27284],{"className":40,"code":27283,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nif \"age\" in my_dict:\n    value = my_dict.pop(\"age\")\n    print(value)\nelse:\n    print(\"Key not found\")\n",[15,27285,27286,27310,27314,27330,27353,27363,27370],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,27287,27288,27290,27292,27294,27296,27298,27300,27302,27304,27306,27308],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,27289,11658],{"class":53},[47,27291,58],{"class":57},[47,27293,10423],{"class":77},[47,27295,309],{"class":151},[47,27297,7601],{"class":155},[47,27299,309],{"class":151},[47,27301,2826],{"class":77},[47,27303,303],{"class":151},[47,27305,27210],{"class":155},[47,27307,309],{"class":151},[47,27309,9240],{"class":77},[47,27311,27312],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,27313,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,27315,27316,27318,27320,27322,27324,27326,27328],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,27317,6930],{"class":3812},[47,27319,303],{"class":151},[47,27321,82],{"class":155},[47,27323,309],{"class":151},[47,27325,21109],{"class":57},[47,27327,11700],{"class":53},[47,27329,6329],{"class":77},[47,27331,27332,27335,27337,27339,27341,27343,27345,27347,27349,27351],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,27333,27334],{"class":53},"    value ",[47,27336,58],{"class":57},[47,27338,11700],{"class":53},[47,27340,914],{"class":77},[47,27342,26174],{"class":81},[47,27344,78],{"class":77},[47,27346,309],{"class":151},[47,27348,82],{"class":155},[47,27350,309],{"class":151},[47,27352,85],{"class":77},[47,27354,27355,27357,27359,27361],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,27356,8000],{"class":98},[47,27358,78],{"class":77},[47,27360,585],{"class":81},[47,27362,85],{"class":77},[47,27364,27365,27368],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,27366,27367],{"class":3812},"else",[47,27369,6329],{"class":77},[47,27371,27372,27374,27376,27378,27381,27383],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,27373,8000],{"class":98},[47,27375,78],{"class":77},[47,27377,309],{"class":151},[47,27379,27380],{"class":155},"Key not found",[47,27382,309],{"class":151},[47,27384,85],{"class":77},[373,27386,27388,27389,27391],{"id":27387},"option-3-use-get-if-you-do-not-want-to-remove-anything","Option 3: Use ",[15,27390,10672],{}," if you do not want to remove anything",[38,27393,27395],{"className":40,"code":27394,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.get(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,27396,27397,27421,27425,27451,27455,27467],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,27398,27399,27401,27403,27405,27407,27409,27411,27413,27415,27417,27419],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,27400,11658],{"class":53},[47,27402,58],{"class":57},[47,27404,10423],{"class":77},[47,27406,309],{"class":151},[47,27408,7601],{"class":155},[47,27410,309],{"class":151},[47,27412,2826],{"class":77},[47,27414,303],{"class":151},[47,27416,27210],{"class":155},[47,27418,309],{"class":151},[47,27420,9240],{"class":77},[47,27422,27423],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,27424,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,27426,27427,27429,27431,27433,27435,27437,27439,27441,27443,27445,27447,27449],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,27428,566],{"class":53},[47,27430,58],{"class":57},[47,27432,11700],{"class":53},[47,27434,914],{"class":77},[47,27436,19686],{"class":81},[47,27438,78],{"class":77},[47,27440,309],{"class":151},[47,27442,82],{"class":155},[47,27444,309],{"class":151},[47,27446,668],{"class":77},[47,27448,3788],{"class":571},[47,27450,85],{"class":77},[47,27452,27453],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,27454,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,27456,27457,27459,27461,27463,27465],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,27458,99],{"class":98},[47,27460,78],{"class":77},[47,27462,585],{"class":81},[47,27464,862],{"class":77},[47,27466,20497],{"class":1378},[47,27468,27469,27471,27473,27475,27477],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,27470,99],{"class":98},[47,27472,78],{"class":77},[47,27474,11384],{"class":81},[47,27476,862],{"class":77},[47,27478,27273],{"class":1378},[20,27480,165,27481,27485,27486,914],{},[360,27482,27483],{"href":10668},[15,27484,26763],{}," when you only need to read a value. If you are seeing this error already, read ",[360,27487,11196],{"href":11007},[33,27489,1131],{"id":1130},[20,27491,27492,27493,914],{},"Here are some mistakes that happen often with ",[15,27494,12503],{},[373,27496,1135,27498,27500],{"id":27497},"thinking-pop-removes-by-position-like-a-list",[15,27499,12696],{}," removes by position like a list",[20,27502,27503],{},"Lists use indexes:",[38,27505,27507],{"className":40,"code":27506,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.pop(1))  # 20\n",[15,27508,27509,27529],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,27510,27511,27513,27515,27517,27519,27521,27523,27525,27527],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,27512,3554],{"class":53},[47,27514,58],{"class":57},[47,27516,662],{"class":77},[47,27518,193],{"class":61},[47,27520,668],{"class":77},[47,27522,7722],{"class":61},[47,27524,668],{"class":77},[47,27526,7727],{"class":61},[47,27528,679],{"class":77},[47,27530,27531,27533,27535,27537,27539,27541,27543,27545,27547],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,27532,99],{"class":98},[47,27534,78],{"class":77},[47,27536,3584],{"class":81},[47,27538,914],{"class":77},[47,27540,26174],{"class":81},[47,27542,78],{"class":77},[47,27544,665],{"class":61},[47,27546,5294],{"class":77},[47,27548,27549],{"class":1378},"  # 20\n",[20,27551,27552],{},"Dictionaries use keys:",[38,27554,27556],{"className":40,"code":27555,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nprint(person.pop(\"age\"))  # 25\n",[15,27557,27558,27594],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,27559,27560,27562,27564,27566,27568,27570,27572,27574,27576,27578,27580,27582,27584,27586,27588,27590,27592],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,27561,13139],{"class":53},[47,27563,58],{"class":57},[47,27565,10423],{"class":77},[47,27567,309],{"class":151},[47,27569,7601],{"class":155},[47,27571,309],{"class":151},[47,27573,2826],{"class":77},[47,27575,303],{"class":151},[47,27577,12814],{"class":155},[47,27579,309],{"class":151},[47,27581,668],{"class":77},[47,27583,303],{"class":151},[47,27585,82],{"class":155},[47,27587,309],{"class":151},[47,27589,2826],{"class":77},[47,27591,900],{"class":61},[47,27593,9240],{"class":77},[47,27595,27596,27598,27600,27602,27604,27606,27608,27610,27612,27614,27616],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,27597,99],{"class":98},[47,27599,78],{"class":77},[47,27601,17243],{"class":81},[47,27603,914],{"class":77},[47,27605,26174],{"class":81},[47,27607,78],{"class":77},[47,27609,309],{"class":151},[47,27611,82],{"class":155},[47,27613,309],{"class":151},[47,27615,5294],{"class":77},[47,27617,27618],{"class":1378},"  # 25\n",[20,27620,27621,27622,27624,27625,27627],{},"A dictionary does ",[127,27623,768],{}," use positions with ",[15,27626,12696],{},". It uses keys.",[373,27629,4639,27631,27633],{"id":27630},"forgetting-that-pop-changes-the-original-dictionary",[15,27632,12696],{}," changes the original dictionary",[38,27635,27637],{"className":40,"code":27636,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"x\")\n\nprint(value)  # 1\nprint(data)   # {'y': 2}\n",[15,27638,27639,27671,27675,27697,27701,27714],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,27640,27641,27643,27645,27647,27649,27651,27653,27655,27657,27659,27661,27663,27665,27667,27669],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,27642,9098],{"class":53},[47,27644,58],{"class":57},[47,27646,10423],{"class":77},[47,27648,309],{"class":151},[47,27650,2131],{"class":155},[47,27652,309],{"class":151},[47,27654,2826],{"class":77},[47,27656,5431],{"class":61},[47,27658,668],{"class":77},[47,27660,303],{"class":151},[47,27662,11679],{"class":155},[47,27664,309],{"class":151},[47,27666,2826],{"class":77},[47,27668,671],{"class":61},[47,27670,9240],{"class":77},[47,27672,27673],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,27674,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,27676,27677,27679,27681,27683,27685,27687,27689,27691,27693,27695],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,27678,566],{"class":53},[47,27680,58],{"class":57},[47,27682,14501],{"class":53},[47,27684,914],{"class":77},[47,27686,26174],{"class":81},[47,27688,78],{"class":77},[47,27690,309],{"class":151},[47,27692,2131],{"class":155},[47,27694,309],{"class":151},[47,27696,85],{"class":77},[47,27698,27699],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,27700,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,27702,27703,27705,27707,27709,27711],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,27704,99],{"class":98},[47,27706,78],{"class":77},[47,27708,585],{"class":81},[47,27710,862],{"class":77},[47,27712,27713],{"class":1378},"  # 1\n",[47,27715,27716,27718,27720,27722,27724],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,27717,99],{"class":98},[47,27719,78],{"class":77},[47,27721,9137],{"class":81},[47,27723,862],{"class":77},[47,27725,27726],{"class":1378},"   # {'y': 2}\n",[20,27728,27729,27730,27732],{},"After ",[15,27731,12696],{},", the key is gone from the same dictionary object.",[373,27734,1335,27736,27738],{"id":27735},"using-pop-on-a-missing-key-without-a-default-value",[15,27737,12696],{}," on a missing key without a default value",[38,27740,27742],{"className":40,"code":27741,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\n# This causes an error\n# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[15,27743,27744,27768,27772,27777],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,27745,27746,27748,27750,27752,27754,27756,27758,27760,27762,27764,27766],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,27747,9098],{"class":53},[47,27749,58],{"class":57},[47,27751,10423],{"class":77},[47,27753,309],{"class":151},[47,27755,7601],{"class":155},[47,27757,309],{"class":151},[47,27759,2826],{"class":77},[47,27761,303],{"class":151},[47,27763,7852],{"class":155},[47,27765,309],{"class":151},[47,27767,9240],{"class":77},[47,27769,27770],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,27771,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,27773,27774],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,27775,27776],{"class":1378},"# This causes an error\n",[47,27778,27779],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,27780,27781],{"class":1378},"# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[20,27783,27784],{},"Safer version:",[38,27786,27788],{"className":40,"code":27787,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(\"age\", \"missing\"))  # missing\n",[15,27789,27790,27814,27818],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,27791,27792,27794,27796,27798,27800,27802,27804,27806,27808,27810,27812],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,27793,9098],{"class":53},[47,27795,58],{"class":57},[47,27797,10423],{"class":77},[47,27799,309],{"class":151},[47,27801,7601],{"class":155},[47,27803,309],{"class":151},[47,27805,2826],{"class":77},[47,27807,303],{"class":151},[47,27809,7852],{"class":155},[47,27811,309],{"class":151},[47,27813,9240],{"class":77},[47,27815,27816],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,27817,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,27819,27820,27822,27824,27826,27828,27830,27832,27834,27836,27838,27840,27842,27844,27846,27848],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,27821,99],{"class":98},[47,27823,78],{"class":77},[47,27825,9137],{"class":81},[47,27827,914],{"class":77},[47,27829,26174],{"class":81},[47,27831,78],{"class":77},[47,27833,309],{"class":151},[47,27835,82],{"class":155},[47,27837,309],{"class":151},[47,27839,668],{"class":77},[47,27841,303],{"class":151},[47,27843,26706],{"class":155},[47,27845,309],{"class":151},[47,27847,5294],{"class":77},[47,27849,26742],{"class":1378},[373,27851,1400,27853,27855],{"id":27852},"expecting-pop-to-return-the-whole-dictionary",[15,27854,12696],{}," to return the whole dictionary",[38,27857,27859],{"className":40,"code":27858,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nresult = data.pop(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 1\nprint(data)    # {'b': 2}\n",[15,27860,27861,27893,27897,27919,27923,27935],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,27862,27863,27865,27867,27869,27871,27873,27875,27877,27879,27881,27883,27885,27887,27889,27891],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,27864,9098],{"class":53},[47,27866,58],{"class":57},[47,27868,10423],{"class":77},[47,27870,309],{"class":151},[47,27872,360],{"class":155},[47,27874,309],{"class":151},[47,27876,2826],{"class":77},[47,27878,5431],{"class":61},[47,27880,668],{"class":77},[47,27882,303],{"class":151},[47,27884,4696],{"class":155},[47,27886,309],{"class":151},[47,27888,2826],{"class":77},[47,27890,671],{"class":61},[47,27892,9240],{"class":77},[47,27894,27895],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,27896,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,27898,27899,27901,27903,27905,27907,27909,27911,27913,27915,27917],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,27900,2184],{"class":53},[47,27902,58],{"class":57},[47,27904,14501],{"class":53},[47,27906,914],{"class":77},[47,27908,26174],{"class":81},[47,27910,78],{"class":77},[47,27912,309],{"class":151},[47,27914,360],{"class":155},[47,27916,309],{"class":151},[47,27918,85],{"class":77},[47,27920,27921],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,27922,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,27924,27925,27927,27929,27931,27933],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,27926,99],{"class":98},[47,27928,78],{"class":77},[47,27930,2218],{"class":81},[47,27932,862],{"class":77},[47,27934,27713],{"class":1378},[47,27936,27937,27939,27941,27943,27945],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,27938,99],{"class":98},[47,27940,78],{"class":77},[47,27942,9137],{"class":81},[47,27944,862],{"class":77},[47,27946,27947],{"class":1378},"    # {'b': 2}\n",[20,27949,27950],{},"The return value is the removed value, not the updated dictionary.",[33,27952,27954],{"id":27953},"common-causes-of-problems","Common causes of problems",[20,27956,27957,27958,27960],{},"Problems with ",[15,27959,12503],{}," often happen because of one of these reasons:",[185,27962,27963,27966,27975,27978],{},[188,27964,27965],{},"Using a key that does not exist in the dictionary",[188,27967,27968,27969,27972,27973],{},"Mixing up list ",[15,27970,27971],{},"pop(index)"," with dictionary ",[15,27974,26270],{},[188,27976,27977],{},"Removing data that is still needed later in the code",[188,27979,27980,27981,11025,27983],{},"Using the wrong key type, such as ",[15,27982,665],{},[15,27984,27985],{},"\"1\"",[20,27987,27988],{},"Example of wrong key type:",[38,27990,27992],{"className":40,"code":27991,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"1\": \"one\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(1, \"not found\"))    # not found\nprint(data.pop(\"1\", \"not found\"))  # one\n",[15,27993,27994,28018,28022,28052],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,27995,27996,27998,28000,28002,28004,28006,28008,28010,28012,28014,28016],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,27997,9098],{"class":53},[47,27999,58],{"class":57},[47,28001,10423],{"class":77},[47,28003,309],{"class":151},[47,28005,665],{"class":155},[47,28007,309],{"class":151},[47,28009,2826],{"class":77},[47,28011,303],{"class":151},[47,28013,6519],{"class":155},[47,28015,309],{"class":151},[47,28017,9240],{"class":77},[47,28019,28020],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,28021,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,28023,28024,28026,28028,28030,28032,28034,28036,28038,28040,28042,28045,28047,28049],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,28025,99],{"class":98},[47,28027,78],{"class":77},[47,28029,9137],{"class":81},[47,28031,914],{"class":77},[47,28033,26174],{"class":81},[47,28035,78],{"class":77},[47,28037,665],{"class":61},[47,28039,668],{"class":77},[47,28041,303],{"class":151},[47,28043,28044],{"class":155},"not found",[47,28046,309],{"class":151},[47,28048,5294],{"class":77},[47,28050,28051],{"class":1378},"    # not found\n",[47,28053,28054,28056,28058,28060,28062,28064,28066,28068,28070,28072,28074,28076,28078,28080,28082],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,28055,99],{"class":98},[47,28057,78],{"class":77},[47,28059,9137],{"class":81},[47,28061,914],{"class":77},[47,28063,26174],{"class":81},[47,28065,78],{"class":77},[47,28067,309],{"class":151},[47,28069,665],{"class":155},[47,28071,309],{"class":151},[47,28073,668],{"class":77},[47,28075,303],{"class":151},[47,28077,28044],{"class":155},[47,28079,309],{"class":151},[47,28081,5294],{"class":77},[47,28083,28084],{"class":1378},"  # one\n",[20,28086,28087,4329,28089,28091],{},[15,28088,665],{},[15,28090,27985],{}," are different keys.",[33,28093,8804],{"id":8803},[20,28095,8807,28096,28098],{},[15,28097,12696],{}," is not working the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[38,28100,28102],{"className":40,"code":28101,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,28103,28104,28114,28128,28146,28176],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,28105,28106,28108,28110,28112],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,28107,99],{"class":98},[47,28109,78],{"class":77},[47,28111,11384],{"class":81},[47,28113,85],{"class":77},[47,28115,28116,28118,28120,28122,28124,28126],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,28117,99],{"class":98},[47,28119,78],{"class":77},[47,28121,11384],{"class":81},[47,28123,914],{"class":77},[47,28125,16859],{"class":81},[47,28127,7127],{"class":77},[47,28129,28130,28132,28134,28136,28138,28140,28142,28144],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,28131,99],{"class":98},[47,28133,78],{"class":77},[47,28135,159],{"class":151},[47,28137,7601],{"class":155},[47,28139,159],{"class":151},[47,28141,21109],{"class":3812},[47,28143,11700],{"class":81},[47,28145,85],{"class":77},[47,28147,28148,28150,28152,28154,28156,28158,28160,28162,28164,28166,28168,28170,28172,28174],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,28149,99],{"class":98},[47,28151,78],{"class":77},[47,28153,11384],{"class":81},[47,28155,914],{"class":77},[47,28157,26174],{"class":81},[47,28159,78],{"class":77},[47,28161,159],{"class":151},[47,28163,7601],{"class":155},[47,28165,159],{"class":151},[47,28167,668],{"class":77},[47,28169,152],{"class":151},[47,28171,26706],{"class":155},[47,28173,159],{"class":151},[47,28175,123],{"class":77},[47,28177,28178,28180,28182,28184,28186,28188],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,28179,99],{"class":98},[47,28181,78],{"class":77},[47,28183,116],{"class":73},[47,28185,78],{"class":77},[47,28187,11384],{"class":81},[47,28189,123],{"class":77},[20,28191,21272],{},[185,28193,28194,28199,28204,28209,28215],{},[188,28195,28196,28198],{},[15,28197,12613],{}," shows the current dictionary contents",[188,28200,28201,28203],{},[15,28202,21284],{}," shows all available keys",[188,28205,28206,28208],{},[15,28207,21290],{}," checks whether a key exists",[188,28210,28211,28214],{},[15,28212,28213],{},"print(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))"," tests safe removal",[188,28216,28217,28219],{},[15,28218,12619],{}," confirms that the object is really a dictionary",[20,28221,28222,28223,914],{},"If you need to understand dictionary basics first, see ",[360,28224,9323],{"href":9322},[33,28226,1762],{"id":1761},[373,28228,28230,28231,28233],{"id":28229},"does-dictionary-pop-return-the-key-or-the-value","Does dictionary ",[15,28232,12696],{}," return the key or the value?",[20,28235,28236],{},"It returns the value for the removed key.",[373,28238,28240],{"id":28239},"what-happens-if-the-key-does-not-exist","What happens if the key does not exist?",[20,28242,28243,26471,28245,28247,28248,28250],{},[15,28244,26270],{},[15,28246,19623],{},". ",[15,28249,26274],{}," returns the default value instead.",[373,28252,1776,28254,14831],{"id":28253},"does-pop-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,28255,12696],{},[20,28257,28258],{},"Yes. It removes the key from the existing dictionary.",[373,28260,28262,28263,28265],{"id":28261},"can-i-use-pop-to-remove-the-last-item-in-a-dictionary","Can I use ",[15,28264,12696],{}," to remove the last item in a dictionary?",[20,28267,28268,28269,28271,28272,914],{},"Not with ",[15,28270,12503],{},". To remove the last inserted key-value pair, use ",[360,28273,28274],{"href":12514},[15,28275,12703],{},[373,28277,5111,28279,4329,28281,1812],{"id":28278},"what-is-the-difference-between-get-and-pop",[15,28280,10672],{},[15,28282,12696],{},[20,28284,28285,28287,28288,28290],{},[15,28286,10672],{}," reads a value without removing it. ",[15,28289,12696],{}," reads and removes it.",[33,28292,1825],{"id":1824},[185,28294,28295,28301,28308,28312,28316,28320],{},[188,28296,28297],{},[360,28298,28299],{"href":10668},[15,28300,19604],{},[188,28302,28303],{},[360,28304,28305],{"href":12514},[15,28306,28307],{},"Python Dictionary popitem() Method",[188,28309,28310],{},[360,28311,12720],{"href":12507},[188,28313,28314],{},[360,28315,21393],{"href":16532},[188,28317,28318],{},[360,28319,11196],{"href":11007},[188,28321,28322],{},[360,28323,28325],{"href":28324},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-key-not-found-in-dictionary-fix\u002F","KeyError: key not found in dictionary fix",[1875,28327,28328],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":65,"depth":65,"links":28330},[28331,28332,28334,28335,28336,28338,28345,28352,28362,28363,28364,28375],{"id":3543,"depth":65,"text":3544},{"id":26281,"depth":65,"text":28333},"What dict.pop() does",{"id":244,"depth":65,"text":245},{"id":1503,"depth":65,"text":1504},{"id":26766,"depth":65,"text":28337},"When to use pop()",{"id":26953,"depth":65,"text":28339,"children":28340},"pop() vs del",[28341,28343],{"id":26968,"depth":88,"text":28342},"Use pop() when you need the removed value",{"id":27071,"depth":88,"text":28344},"Use del when you only want deletion",{"id":27174,"depth":65,"text":28346,"children":28347},"How to avoid KeyError",[28348,28349,28350],{"id":27183,"depth":88,"text":27184},{"id":27279,"depth":88,"text":27280},{"id":27387,"depth":88,"text":28351},"Option 3: Use get() if you do not want to remove anything",{"id":1130,"depth":65,"text":1131,"children":28353},[28354,28356,28358,28360],{"id":27497,"depth":88,"text":28355},"Thinking pop() removes by position like a list",{"id":27630,"depth":88,"text":28357},"Forgetting that pop() changes the original dictionary",{"id":27735,"depth":88,"text":28359},"Using pop() on a missing key without a default value",{"id":27852,"depth":88,"text":28361},"Expecting pop() to return the whole dictionary",{"id":27953,"depth":65,"text":27954},{"id":8803,"depth":65,"text":8804},{"id":1761,"depth":65,"text":1762,"children":28365},[28366,28368,28369,28371,28373],{"id":28229,"depth":88,"text":28367},"Does dictionary pop() return the key or the value?",{"id":28239,"depth":88,"text":28240},{"id":28253,"depth":88,"text":28370},"Does pop() change the original dictionary?",{"id":28261,"depth":88,"text":28372},"Can I use pop() to remove the last item in a dictionary?",{"id":28278,"depth":88,"text":28374},"What is the difference between get() and pop()?",{"id":1824,"depth":65,"text":1825},"Master python dictionary pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method",{"title":26102,"description":28376},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method","covTbfNQY4fVAPAVxk1e0B4DZXBgW5sTT-L3t_ORUSI",{"id":28383,"title":28307,"body":28384,"description":30323,"extension":1922,"meta":30324,"navigation":91,"path":30325,"seo":30326,"stem":30327,"__hash__":30328},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method.md",{"type":7,"value":28385,"toc":30287},[28386,28391,28396,28399,28407,28417,28419,28508,28512,28561,28566,28571,28575,28591,28594,28596,28611,28613,28629,28636,28640,28646,28655,28657,28726,28730,28751,28754,28773,28776,28799,28801,28804,28919,28923,28982,28989,28993,28999,29124,29128,29178,29181,29185,29192,29194,29257,29261,29282,29285,29294,29309,29317,29324,29328,29340,29344,29355,29357,29503,29507,29566,29573,29578,29582,29588,29611,29616,29635,29639,29710,29717,29790,29799,29804,29809,29820,29823,29960,29965,29997,30002,30004,30008,30068,30071,30128,30131,30174,30176,30181,30187,30193,30196,30203,30211,30216,30219,30226,30234,30236,30284],[10,28387,11252,28389,11256],{"id":28388},"python-dictionary-popitem-method",[15,28390,12703],{},[20,28392,1939,28393,28395],{},[15,28394,12703],{}," method removes one item from a dictionary and returns it.",[20,28397,28398],{},"It is useful when you want to both:",[185,28400,28401,28404],{},[188,28402,28403],{},"remove an item",[188,28405,28406],{},"get that removed item at the same time",[20,28408,28409,28410,28412,28413,28416],{},"In modern Python, ",[15,28411,12703],{}," removes the ",[127,28414,28415],{},"last inserted key-value pair",". It also changes the original dictionary, so the item is no longer there after the method runs.",[33,28418,36],{"id":35},[38,28420,28422],{"className":40,"code":28421,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\nitem = data.popitem()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(data)\n",[15,28423,28424,28468,28484,28488,28498],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,28425,28426,28428,28430,28432,28434,28436,28438,28440,28442,28444,28446,28448,28450,28452,28454,28456,28458,28460,28462,28464,28466],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,28427,9098],{"class":53},[47,28429,58],{"class":57},[47,28431,10423],{"class":77},[47,28433,309],{"class":151},[47,28435,360],{"class":155},[47,28437,309],{"class":151},[47,28439,2826],{"class":77},[47,28441,5431],{"class":61},[47,28443,668],{"class":77},[47,28445,303],{"class":151},[47,28447,4696],{"class":155},[47,28449,309],{"class":151},[47,28451,2826],{"class":77},[47,28453,671],{"class":61},[47,28455,668],{"class":77},[47,28457,303],{"class":151},[47,28459,9671],{"class":155},[47,28461,309],{"class":151},[47,28463,2826],{"class":77},[47,28465,676],{"class":61},[47,28467,9240],{"class":77},[47,28469,28470,28473,28475,28477,28479,28482],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,28471,28472],{"class":53},"item ",[47,28474,58],{"class":57},[47,28476,14501],{"class":53},[47,28478,914],{"class":77},[47,28480,28481],{"class":81},"popitem",[47,28483,8574],{"class":77},[47,28485,28486],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,28487,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,28489,28490,28492,28494,28496],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,28491,99],{"class":98},[47,28493,78],{"class":77},[47,28495,23245],{"class":81},[47,28497,85],{"class":77},[47,28499,28500,28502,28504,28506],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,28501,99],{"class":98},[47,28503,78],{"class":77},[47,28505,9137],{"class":81},[47,28507,85],{"class":77},[20,28509,28510],{},[127,28511,129],{},[38,28513,28515],{"className":40,"code":28514,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"('c', 3)\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,28516,28517,28533],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,28518,28519,28521,28523,28525,28527,28529,28531],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,28520,78],{"class":77},[47,28522,159],{"class":151},[47,28524,9671],{"class":155},[47,28526,159],{"class":151},[47,28528,668],{"class":77},[47,28530,676],{"class":61},[47,28532,85],{"class":77},[47,28534,28535,28537,28539,28541,28543,28545,28547,28549,28551,28553,28555,28557,28559],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,28536,9211],{"class":77},[47,28538,159],{"class":151},[47,28540,360],{"class":155},[47,28542,159],{"class":151},[47,28544,2826],{"class":77},[47,28546,5431],{"class":61},[47,28548,668],{"class":77},[47,28550,152],{"class":151},[47,28552,4696],{"class":155},[47,28554,159],{"class":151},[47,28556,2826],{"class":77},[47,28558,671],{"class":61},[47,28560,9240],{"class":77},[20,28562,28563,28565],{},[15,28564,12703],{}," removes and returns the last inserted key-value pair as a tuple.",[33,28567,172,28569,175],{"id":28568},"what-popitem-does",[15,28570,12703],{},[20,28572,28573,2826],{},[15,28574,12703],{},[185,28576,28577,28580,28585,28588],{},[188,28578,28579],{},"removes one item from a dictionary",[188,28581,28582,28583],{},"returns the removed item as a tuple: ",[15,28584,21590],{},[188,28586,28587],{},"removes the last inserted item in modern Python",[188,28589,28590],{},"changes the original dictionary",[20,28592,28593],{},"This means the dictionary becomes smaller after you call it.",[33,28595,245],{"id":244},[38,28597,28599],{"className":40,"code":28598,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dictionary.popitem()\n",[15,28600,28601],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,28602,28603,28605,28607,28609],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,28604,15539],{"class":53},[47,28606,914],{"class":77},[47,28608,28481],{"class":81},[47,28610,8574],{"class":77},[20,28612,1515],{},[185,28614,28615,28623,28626],{},[188,28616,28617,28619,28620],{},[15,28618,12703],{}," takes ",[127,28621,28622],{},"no arguments",[188,28624,28625],{},"it always returns a 2-item tuple",[188,28627,28628],{},"use the returned tuple if you need both the key and the value",[20,28630,28631,28632,6565],{},"If you want to remove a specific key, use ",[360,28633,28634],{"href":12500},[15,28635,12696],{},[33,28637,28639],{"id":28638},"what-gets-returned","What gets returned",[20,28641,28642,28643,28645],{},"The value returned by ",[15,28644,12703],{}," is a tuple with two parts:",[28647,28648,28649,28652],"ol",{},[188,28650,28651],{},"the key",[188,28653,28654],{},"the value",[20,28656,800],{},[38,28658,28660],{"className":40,"code":28659,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Alice\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = person.popitem()\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,28661,28662,28698,28712,28716],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,28663,28664,28666,28668,28670,28672,28674,28676,28678,28680,28682,28684,28686,28688,28690,28692,28694,28696],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,28665,13139],{"class":53},[47,28667,58],{"class":57},[47,28669,10423],{"class":77},[47,28671,309],{"class":151},[47,28673,7601],{"class":155},[47,28675,309],{"class":151},[47,28677,2826],{"class":77},[47,28679,303],{"class":151},[47,28681,4938],{"class":155},[47,28683,309],{"class":151},[47,28685,668],{"class":77},[47,28687,303],{"class":151},[47,28689,82],{"class":155},[47,28691,309],{"class":151},[47,28693,2826],{"class":77},[47,28695,900],{"class":61},[47,28697,9240],{"class":77},[47,28699,28700,28702,28704,28706,28708,28710],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,28701,2184],{"class":53},[47,28703,58],{"class":57},[47,28705,13182],{"class":53},[47,28707,914],{"class":77},[47,28709,28481],{"class":81},[47,28711,8574],{"class":77},[47,28713,28714],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,28715,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,28717,28718,28720,28722,28724],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,28719,99],{"class":98},[47,28721,78],{"class":77},[47,28723,2218],{"class":81},[47,28725,85],{"class":77},[20,28727,28728],{},[127,28729,129],{},[38,28731,28733],{"className":40,"code":28732,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"('age', 25)\n",[15,28734,28735],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,28736,28737,28739,28741,28743,28745,28747,28749],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,28738,78],{"class":77},[47,28740,159],{"class":151},[47,28742,82],{"class":155},[47,28744,159],{"class":151},[47,28746,668],{"class":77},[47,28748,900],{"class":61},[47,28750,85],{"class":77},[20,28752,28753],{},"You can store the result in one variable:",[38,28755,28757],{"className":40,"code":28756,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"result = person.popitem()\n",[15,28758,28759],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,28760,28761,28763,28765,28767,28769,28771],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,28762,2184],{"class":53},[47,28764,58],{"class":57},[47,28766,13182],{"class":53},[47,28768,914],{"class":77},[47,28770,28481],{"class":81},[47,28772,8574],{"class":77},[20,28774,28775],{},"Or unpack it into two variables:",[38,28777,28779],{"className":40,"code":28778,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"key, value = person.popitem()\n",[15,28780,28781],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,28782,28783,28785,28787,28789,28791,28793,28795,28797],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,28784,14776],{"class":53},[47,28786,668],{"class":77},[47,28788,21520],{"class":53},[47,28790,58],{"class":57},[47,28792,13182],{"class":53},[47,28794,914],{"class":77},[47,28796,28481],{"class":81},[47,28798,8574],{"class":77},[33,28800,11409],{"id":11408},[20,28802,28803],{},"Here is a basic example showing what gets removed and what remains in the dictionary:",[38,28805,28807],{"className":40,"code":28806,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"scores = {\"Tom\": 80, \"Ana\": 95, \"Leo\": 88}\n\nremoved_pair = scores.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_pair)\nprint(\"After removal:\", scores)\n",[15,28808,28809,28857,28861,28876,28880,28900],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,28810,28811,28813,28815,28817,28819,28822,28824,28826,28828,28830,28832,28834,28836,28838,28841,28843,28845,28848,28850,28852,28855],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,28812,4998],{"class":53},[47,28814,58],{"class":57},[47,28816,10423],{"class":77},[47,28818,309],{"class":151},[47,28820,28821],{"class":155},"Tom",[47,28823,309],{"class":151},[47,28825,2826],{"class":77},[47,28827,5010],{"class":61},[47,28829,668],{"class":77},[47,28831,303],{"class":151},[47,28833,12814],{"class":155},[47,28835,309],{"class":151},[47,28837,2826],{"class":77},[47,28839,28840],{"class":61}," 95",[47,28842,668],{"class":77},[47,28844,303],{"class":151},[47,28846,28847],{"class":155},"Leo",[47,28849,309],{"class":151},[47,28851,2826],{"class":77},[47,28853,28854],{"class":61}," 88",[47,28856,9240],{"class":77},[47,28858,28859],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,28860,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,28862,28863,28866,28868,28870,28872,28874],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,28864,28865],{"class":53},"removed_pair ",[47,28867,58],{"class":57},[47,28869,5044],{"class":53},[47,28871,914],{"class":77},[47,28873,28481],{"class":81},[47,28875,8574],{"class":77},[47,28877,28878],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,28879,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,28881,28882,28884,28886,28888,28891,28893,28895,28898],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,28883,99],{"class":98},[47,28885,78],{"class":77},[47,28887,309],{"class":151},[47,28889,28890],{"class":155},"Removed:",[47,28892,309],{"class":151},[47,28894,668],{"class":77},[47,28896,28897],{"class":81}," removed_pair",[47,28899,85],{"class":77},[47,28901,28902,28904,28906,28908,28911,28913,28915,28917],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,28903,99],{"class":98},[47,28905,78],{"class":77},[47,28907,309],{"class":151},[47,28909,28910],{"class":155},"After removal:",[47,28912,309],{"class":151},[47,28914,668],{"class":77},[47,28916,5044],{"class":81},[47,28918,85],{"class":77},[20,28920,28921],{},[127,28922,129],{},[38,28924,28926],{"className":40,"code":28925,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Removed: ('Leo', 88)\nAfter removal: {'Tom': 80, 'Ana': 95}\n",[15,28927,28928,28949],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,28929,28930,28933,28935,28937,28939,28941,28943,28945,28947],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,28931,28932],{"class":53},"Removed",[47,28934,2826],{"class":77},[47,28936,9169],{"class":77},[47,28938,159],{"class":151},[47,28940,28847],{"class":155},[47,28942,159],{"class":151},[47,28944,668],{"class":77},[47,28946,28854],{"class":61},[47,28948,85],{"class":77},[47,28950,28951,28954,28956,28958,28960,28962,28964,28966,28968,28970,28972,28974,28976,28978,28980],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,28952,28953],{"class":53},"After removal",[47,28955,2826],{"class":77},[47,28957,10423],{"class":77},[47,28959,159],{"class":151},[47,28961,28821],{"class":155},[47,28963,159],{"class":151},[47,28965,2826],{"class":77},[47,28967,5010],{"class":61},[47,28969,668],{"class":77},[47,28971,152],{"class":151},[47,28973,12814],{"class":155},[47,28975,159],{"class":151},[47,28977,2826],{"class":77},[47,28979,28840],{"class":61},[47,28981,9240],{"class":77},[20,28983,28984,28985,28988],{},"The last inserted item was ",[15,28986,28987],{},"\"Leo\": 88",", so that is the pair that gets removed.",[33,28990,28992],{"id":28991},"using-tuple-unpacking","Using tuple unpacking",[20,28994,28995,28996,28998],{},"Because ",[15,28997,12703],{}," returns a tuple, tuple unpacking is often the easiest way to use it.",[38,29000,29002],{"className":40,"code":29001,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"book = {\"title\": \"Python Basics\", \"pages\": 200}\n\nkey, value = book.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Key:\", key)\nprint(\"Value:\", value)\nprint(\"Dictionary:\", book)\n",[15,29003,29004,29040,29044,29063,29067,29086,29105],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,29005,29006,29008,29010,29012,29014,29016,29018,29020,29022,29024,29026,29028,29030,29032,29034,29036,29038],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,29007,15382],{"class":53},[47,29009,58],{"class":57},[47,29011,10423],{"class":77},[47,29013,309],{"class":151},[47,29015,15393],{"class":155},[47,29017,309],{"class":151},[47,29019,2826],{"class":77},[47,29021,303],{"class":151},[47,29023,15402],{"class":155},[47,29025,309],{"class":151},[47,29027,668],{"class":77},[47,29029,303],{"class":151},[47,29031,15413],{"class":155},[47,29033,309],{"class":151},[47,29035,2826],{"class":77},[47,29037,26840],{"class":61},[47,29039,9240],{"class":77},[47,29041,29042],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,29043,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,29045,29046,29048,29050,29052,29054,29057,29059,29061],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,29047,14776],{"class":53},[47,29049,668],{"class":77},[47,29051,21520],{"class":53},[47,29053,58],{"class":57},[47,29055,29056],{"class":53}," book",[47,29058,914],{"class":77},[47,29060,28481],{"class":81},[47,29062,8574],{"class":77},[47,29064,29065],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,29066,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,29068,29069,29071,29073,29075,29078,29080,29082,29084],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,29070,99],{"class":98},[47,29072,78],{"class":77},[47,29074,309],{"class":151},[47,29076,29077],{"class":155},"Key:",[47,29079,309],{"class":151},[47,29081,668],{"class":77},[47,29083,21515],{"class":81},[47,29085,85],{"class":77},[47,29087,29088,29090,29092,29094,29097,29099,29101,29103],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,29089,99],{"class":98},[47,29091,78],{"class":77},[47,29093,309],{"class":151},[47,29095,29096],{"class":155},"Value:",[47,29098,309],{"class":151},[47,29100,668],{"class":77},[47,29102,8364],{"class":81},[47,29104,85],{"class":77},[47,29106,29107,29109,29111,29113,29116,29118,29120,29122],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,29108,99],{"class":98},[47,29110,78],{"class":77},[47,29112,309],{"class":151},[47,29114,29115],{"class":155},"Dictionary:",[47,29117,309],{"class":151},[47,29119,668],{"class":77},[47,29121,29056],{"class":81},[47,29123,85],{"class":77},[20,29125,29126],{},[127,29127,129],{},[38,29129,29131],{"className":40,"code":29130,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Key: pages\nValue: 200\nDictionary: {'title': 'Python Basics'}\n",[15,29132,29133,29143,29153],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,29134,29135,29138,29140],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,29136,29137],{"class":53},"Key",[47,29139,2826],{"class":77},[47,29141,29142],{"class":53}," pages\n",[47,29144,29145,29148,29150],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,29146,29147],{"class":53},"Value",[47,29149,2826],{"class":77},[47,29151,29152],{"class":61}," 200\n",[47,29154,29155,29158,29160,29162,29164,29166,29168,29170,29172,29174,29176],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,29156,29157],{"class":53},"Dictionary",[47,29159,2826],{"class":77},[47,29161,10423],{"class":77},[47,29163,159],{"class":151},[47,29165,15393],{"class":155},[47,29167,159],{"class":151},[47,29169,2826],{"class":77},[47,29171,152],{"class":151},[47,29173,15402],{"class":155},[47,29175,159],{"class":151},[47,29177,9240],{"class":77},[20,29179,29180],{},"This is useful when you want to process removed items one at a time.",[33,29182,29184],{"id":29183},"order-behavior","Order behavior",[20,29186,29187,29188,28412,29190,914],{},"In current Python versions, ",[15,29189,12703],{},[127,29191,28415],{},[20,29193,800],{},[38,29195,29197],{"className":40,"code":29196,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2, \"z\": 3}\nprint(data.popitem())\n",[15,29198,29199,29243],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,29200,29201,29203,29205,29207,29209,29211,29213,29215,29217,29219,29221,29223,29225,29227,29229,29231,29233,29235,29237,29239,29241],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,29202,9098],{"class":53},[47,29204,58],{"class":57},[47,29206,10423],{"class":77},[47,29208,309],{"class":151},[47,29210,2131],{"class":155},[47,29212,309],{"class":151},[47,29214,2826],{"class":77},[47,29216,5431],{"class":61},[47,29218,668],{"class":77},[47,29220,303],{"class":151},[47,29222,11679],{"class":155},[47,29224,309],{"class":151},[47,29226,2826],{"class":77},[47,29228,671],{"class":61},[47,29230,668],{"class":77},[47,29232,303],{"class":151},[47,29234,22011],{"class":155},[47,29236,309],{"class":151},[47,29238,2826],{"class":77},[47,29240,676],{"class":61},[47,29242,9240],{"class":77},[47,29244,29245,29247,29249,29251,29253,29255],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,29246,99],{"class":98},[47,29248,78],{"class":77},[47,29250,9137],{"class":81},[47,29252,914],{"class":77},[47,29254,28481],{"class":81},[47,29256,7127],{"class":77},[20,29258,29259],{},[127,29260,129],{},[38,29262,29264],{"className":40,"code":29263,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"('z', 3)\n",[15,29265,29266],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,29267,29268,29270,29272,29274,29276,29278,29280],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,29269,78],{"class":77},[47,29271,159],{"class":151},[47,29273,22011],{"class":155},[47,29275,159],{"class":151},[47,29277,668],{"class":77},[47,29279,676],{"class":61},[47,29281,85],{"class":77},[20,29283,29284],{},"This matters because dictionaries keep insertion order in modern Python.",[20,29286,29287,29288,29290,29291,29293],{},"As a beginner, do ",[127,29289,768],{}," think of ",[15,29292,12703],{}," as removing a random item. In current Python, it removes the most recently added one.",[20,29295,29296,29297,1752,29301,17008,29305,914],{},"If you want to inspect dictionary contents without removing anything, see ",[360,29298,29299],{"href":17011},[15,29300,17014],{},[360,29302,29303],{"href":16998},[15,29304,17001],{},[360,29306,29307],{"href":17004},[15,29308,17007],{},[33,29310,29312,29313,4329,29315],{"id":29311},"difference-between-popitem-and-pop","Difference between ",[15,29314,12703],{},[15,29316,12696],{},[20,29318,29319,4329,29321,29323],{},[15,29320,12703],{},[15,29322,12696],{}," both remove data from a dictionary, but they work differently.",[373,29325,29326],{"id":28481},[15,29327,12703],{},[185,29329,29330,29333,29336],{},[188,29331,29332],{},"removes the last inserted item automatically",[188,29334,29335],{},"does not need a key argument",[188,29337,3626,29338],{},[15,29339,21590],{},[373,29341,29342],{"id":26174},[15,29343,12696],{},[185,29345,29346,29349,29352],{},[188,29347,29348],{},"removes the item for a specific key",[188,29350,29351],{},"needs the key name",[188,29353,29354],{},"returns only the value",[20,29356,800],{},[38,29358,29360],{"className":40,"code":29359,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nitem = data.popitem()\nprint(\"popitem():\", item)\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"a\")\nprint(\"pop('a'):\", value)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,29361,29362,29406,29410,29424,29444,29448,29470,29489,29493],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,29363,29364,29366,29368,29370,29372,29374,29376,29378,29380,29382,29384,29386,29388,29390,29392,29394,29396,29398,29400,29402,29404],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,29365,9098],{"class":53},[47,29367,58],{"class":57},[47,29369,10423],{"class":77},[47,29371,309],{"class":151},[47,29373,360],{"class":155},[47,29375,309],{"class":151},[47,29377,2826],{"class":77},[47,29379,5431],{"class":61},[47,29381,668],{"class":77},[47,29383,303],{"class":151},[47,29385,4696],{"class":155},[47,29387,309],{"class":151},[47,29389,2826],{"class":77},[47,29391,671],{"class":61},[47,29393,668],{"class":77},[47,29395,303],{"class":151},[47,29397,9671],{"class":155},[47,29399,309],{"class":151},[47,29401,2826],{"class":77},[47,29403,676],{"class":61},[47,29405,9240],{"class":77},[47,29407,29408],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,29409,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,29411,29412,29414,29416,29418,29420,29422],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,29413,28472],{"class":53},[47,29415,58],{"class":57},[47,29417,14501],{"class":53},[47,29419,914],{"class":77},[47,29421,28481],{"class":81},[47,29423,8574],{"class":77},[47,29425,29426,29428,29430,29432,29435,29437,29439,29442],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,29427,99],{"class":98},[47,29429,78],{"class":77},[47,29431,309],{"class":151},[47,29433,29434],{"class":155},"popitem():",[47,29436,309],{"class":151},[47,29438,668],{"class":77},[47,29440,29441],{"class":81}," item",[47,29443,85],{"class":77},[47,29445,29446],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,29447,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,29449,29450,29452,29454,29456,29458,29460,29462,29464,29466,29468],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,29451,566],{"class":53},[47,29453,58],{"class":57},[47,29455,14501],{"class":53},[47,29457,914],{"class":77},[47,29459,26174],{"class":81},[47,29461,78],{"class":77},[47,29463,309],{"class":151},[47,29465,360],{"class":155},[47,29467,309],{"class":151},[47,29469,85],{"class":77},[47,29471,29472,29474,29476,29478,29481,29483,29485,29487],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,29473,99],{"class":98},[47,29475,78],{"class":77},[47,29477,309],{"class":151},[47,29479,29480],{"class":155},"pop('a'):",[47,29482,309],{"class":151},[47,29484,668],{"class":77},[47,29486,8364],{"class":81},[47,29488,85],{"class":77},[47,29490,29491],{"class":49,"line":1734},[47,29492,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,29494,29495,29497,29499,29501],{"class":49,"line":6365},[47,29496,99],{"class":98},[47,29498,78],{"class":77},[47,29500,9137],{"class":81},[47,29502,85],{"class":77},[20,29504,29505],{},[127,29506,129],{},[38,29508,29510],{"className":40,"code":29509,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"popitem(): ('c', 3)\npop('a'): 1\n{'b': 2}\n",[15,29511,29512,29533,29550],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,29513,29514,29516,29519,29521,29523,29525,29527,29529,29531],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,29515,28481],{"class":81},[47,29517,29518],{"class":77},"():",[47,29520,9169],{"class":77},[47,29522,159],{"class":151},[47,29524,9671],{"class":155},[47,29526,159],{"class":151},[47,29528,668],{"class":77},[47,29530,676],{"class":61},[47,29532,85],{"class":77},[47,29534,29535,29537,29539,29541,29543,29545,29547],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,29536,26174],{"class":81},[47,29538,78],{"class":77},[47,29540,159],{"class":151},[47,29542,360],{"class":155},[47,29544,159],{"class":151},[47,29546,16387],{"class":77},[47,29548,29549],{"class":61}," 1\n",[47,29551,29552,29554,29556,29558,29560,29562,29564],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,29553,9211],{"class":77},[47,29555,159],{"class":151},[47,29557,4696],{"class":155},[47,29559,159],{"class":151},[47,29561,2826],{"class":77},[47,29563,671],{"class":61},[47,29565,9240],{"class":77},[20,29567,165,29568,29572],{},[360,29569,29570],{"href":12500},[15,29571,12696],{}," when you know the key.",[20,29574,165,29575,29577],{},[15,29576,12703],{}," when you want to remove one item without naming the key.",[33,29579,29581],{"id":29580},"what-happens-if-the-dictionary-is-empty","What happens if the dictionary is empty",[20,29583,29584,29585,29587],{},"Calling ",[15,29586,12703],{}," on an empty dictionary raises an error:",[38,29589,29591],{"className":40,"code":29590,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {}\ndata.popitem()\n",[15,29592,29593,29601],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,29594,29595,29597,29599],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,29596,9098],{"class":53},[47,29598,58],{"class":57},[47,29600,9770],{"class":77},[47,29602,29603,29605,29607,29609],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,29604,9137],{"class":53},[47,29606,914],{"class":77},[47,29608,28481],{"class":81},[47,29610,8574],{"class":77},[20,29612,29613],{},[127,29614,29615],{},"Error:",[38,29617,29619],{"className":40,"code":29618,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"KeyError: 'popitem(): dictionary is empty'\n",[15,29620,29621],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,29622,29623,29625,29627,29629,29632],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,29624,19623],{"class":73},[47,29626,2826],{"class":77},[47,29628,152],{"class":151},[47,29630,29631],{"class":155},"popitem(): dictionary is empty",[47,29633,29634],{"class":151},"'\n",[373,29636,29638],{"id":29637},"fix-1-check-that-the-dictionary-is-not-empty","Fix 1: Check that the dictionary is not empty",[38,29640,29642],{"className":40,"code":29641,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {}\n\nif data:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nelse:\n    print(\"Dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,29643,29644,29652,29656,29664,29679,29689,29695],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,29645,29646,29648,29650],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,29647,9098],{"class":53},[47,29649,58],{"class":57},[47,29651,9770],{"class":77},[47,29653,29654],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,29655,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,29657,29658,29660,29662],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,29659,6930],{"class":3812},[47,29661,14501],{"class":53},[47,29663,6329],{"class":77},[47,29665,29666,29669,29671,29673,29675,29677],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,29667,29668],{"class":53},"    item ",[47,29670,58],{"class":57},[47,29672,14501],{"class":53},[47,29674,914],{"class":77},[47,29676,28481],{"class":81},[47,29678,8574],{"class":77},[47,29680,29681,29683,29685,29687],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,29682,8000],{"class":98},[47,29684,78],{"class":77},[47,29686,23245],{"class":81},[47,29688,85],{"class":77},[47,29690,29691,29693],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,29692,27367],{"class":3812},[47,29694,6329],{"class":77},[47,29696,29697,29699,29701,29703,29706,29708],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,29698,8000],{"class":98},[47,29700,78],{"class":77},[47,29702,309],{"class":151},[47,29704,29705],{"class":155},"Dictionary is empty",[47,29707,309],{"class":151},[47,29709,85],{"class":77},[373,29711,29713,29714],{"id":29712},"fix-2-use-try-except","Fix 2: Use ",[15,29715,29716],{},"try-except",[38,29718,29720],{"className":40,"code":29719,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {}\n\ntry:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary\")\n",[15,29721,29722,29730,29734,29741,29755,29765,29775],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,29723,29724,29726,29728],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,29725,9098],{"class":53},[47,29727,58],{"class":57},[47,29729,9770],{"class":77},[47,29731,29732],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,29733,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,29735,29736,29739],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,29737,29738],{"class":3812},"try",[47,29740,6329],{"class":77},[47,29742,29743,29745,29747,29749,29751,29753],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,29744,29668],{"class":53},[47,29746,58],{"class":57},[47,29748,14501],{"class":53},[47,29750,914],{"class":77},[47,29752,28481],{"class":81},[47,29754,8574],{"class":77},[47,29756,29757,29759,29761,29763],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,29758,8000],{"class":98},[47,29760,78],{"class":77},[47,29762,23245],{"class":81},[47,29764,85],{"class":77},[47,29766,29767,29770,29773],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,29768,29769],{"class":3812},"except",[47,29771,29772],{"class":73}," KeyError",[47,29774,6329],{"class":77},[47,29776,29777,29779,29781,29783,29786,29788],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,29778,8000],{"class":98},[47,29780,78],{"class":77},[47,29782,309],{"class":151},[47,29784,29785],{"class":155},"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary",[47,29787,309],{"class":151},[47,29789,85],{"class":77},[20,29791,29792,29793,914],{},"If you are troubleshooting this error, see ",[360,29794,1652,29796],{"href":29795},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-popitem-dictionary-is-empty-fix\u002F",[15,29797,29798],{},"KeyError: popitem(): dictionary is empty",[33,29800,773,29802],{"id":29801},"when-to-use-popitem",[15,29803,12703],{},[20,29805,29806,29808],{},[15,29807,12703],{}," is useful when:",[185,29810,29811,29814,29817],{},[188,29812,29813],{},"you want to remove and get one item at the same time",[188,29815,29816],{},"you are processing items until a dictionary becomes empty",[188,29818,29819],{},"dictionary order matters in your program",[20,29821,29822],{},"Example of processing items until the dictionary is empty:",[38,29824,29826],{"className":40,"code":29825,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"tasks = {\n    \"first\": \"wash dishes\",\n    \"second\": \"do homework\",\n    \"third\": \"read book\"\n}\n\nwhile tasks:\n    key, value = tasks.popitem()\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,29827,29828,29837,29857,29877,29895,29899,29903,29913,29932],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,29829,29830,29833,29835],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,29831,29832],{"class":53},"tasks ",[47,29834,58],{"class":57},[47,29836,11427],{"class":77},[47,29838,29839,29841,29844,29846,29848,29850,29853,29855],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,29840,11432],{"class":151},[47,29842,29843],{"class":155},"first",[47,29845,309],{"class":151},[47,29847,2826],{"class":77},[47,29849,303],{"class":151},[47,29851,29852],{"class":155},"wash dishes",[47,29854,309],{"class":151},[47,29856,11447],{"class":77},[47,29858,29859,29861,29864,29866,29868,29870,29873,29875],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,29860,11432],{"class":151},[47,29862,29863],{"class":155},"second",[47,29865,309],{"class":151},[47,29867,2826],{"class":77},[47,29869,303],{"class":151},[47,29871,29872],{"class":155},"do homework",[47,29874,309],{"class":151},[47,29876,11447],{"class":77},[47,29878,29879,29881,29884,29886,29888,29890,29893],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,29880,11432],{"class":151},[47,29882,29883],{"class":155},"third",[47,29885,309],{"class":151},[47,29887,2826],{"class":77},[47,29889,303],{"class":151},[47,29891,29892],{"class":155},"read book",[47,29894,820],{"class":151},[47,29896,29897],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,29898,9240],{"class":77},[47,29900,29901],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,29902,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,29904,29905,29908,29911],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,29906,29907],{"class":3812},"while",[47,29909,29910],{"class":53}," tasks",[47,29912,6329],{"class":77},[47,29914,29915,29918,29920,29922,29924,29926,29928,29930],{"class":49,"line":1734},[47,29916,29917],{"class":53},"    key",[47,29919,668],{"class":77},[47,29921,21520],{"class":53},[47,29923,58],{"class":57},[47,29925,29910],{"class":53},[47,29927,914],{"class":77},[47,29929,28481],{"class":81},[47,29931,8574],{"class":77},[47,29933,29934,29936,29938,29940,29942,29944,29946,29948,29950,29952,29954,29956,29958],{"class":49,"line":6365},[47,29935,8000],{"class":98},[47,29937,78],{"class":77},[47,29939,22228],{"class":147},[47,29941,309],{"class":155},[47,29943,9211],{"class":61},[47,29945,14776],{"class":81},[47,29947,22237],{"class":61},[47,29949,22240],{"class":155},[47,29951,9211],{"class":61},[47,29953,585],{"class":81},[47,29955,22237],{"class":61},[47,29957,309],{"class":155},[47,29959,85],{"class":77},[20,29961,29962],{},[127,29963,29964],{},"Possible output:",[38,29966,29968],{"className":40,"code":29967,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"third: read book\nsecond: do homework\nfirst: wash dishes\n",[15,29969,29970,29979,29988],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,29971,29972,29974,29976],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,29973,29883],{"class":53},[47,29975,2826],{"class":77},[47,29977,29978],{"class":53}," read book\n",[47,29980,29981,29983,29985],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,29982,29863],{"class":53},[47,29984,2826],{"class":77},[47,29986,29987],{"class":53}," do homework\n",[47,29989,29990,29992,29994],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,29991,29843],{"class":53},[47,29993,2826],{"class":77},[47,29995,29996],{"class":53}," wash dishes\n",[20,29998,28995,29999,30001],{},[15,30000,12703],{}," removes the last inserted item, this works like removing items from the end.",[33,30003,2775],{"id":2774},[20,30005,14668,30006,2826],{},[15,30007,12703],{},[185,30009,30010,30024,30043,30054],{},[188,30011,30012,30017],{},[127,30013,29584,30014,30016],{},[15,30015,12703],{}," on an empty dictionary",[185,30018,30019],{},[188,30020,30021,30022,914],{},"This raises ",[15,30023,19623],{},[188,30025,30026,30031],{},[127,30027,1400,30028,30030],{},[15,30029,12703],{}," to remove a specific key",[185,30032,30033,30036],{},[188,30034,30035],{},"It does not let you choose the key.",[188,30037,165,30038,30042],{},[360,30039,30040],{"href":12500},[15,30041,12696],{}," if you need that.",[188,30044,30045,30049],{},[127,30046,4639,30047,27633],{},[15,30048,12703],{},[185,30050,30051],{},[188,30052,30053],{},"The removed item is gone after the call.",[188,30055,30056,30059],{},[127,30057,30058],{},"Assuming the return value is only the value",[185,30060,30061],{},[188,30062,30063,1509,30065,30067],{},[15,30064,12703],{},[15,30066,21590],{}," tuple.",[20,30069,30070],{},"Helpful debugging checks:",[38,30072,30074],{"className":40,"code":30073,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_dict)\nprint(len(my_dict))\n\nitem = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(item)\n",[15,30075,30076,30086,30100,30104,30118],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,30077,30078,30080,30082,30084],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,30079,99],{"class":98},[47,30081,78],{"class":77},[47,30083,11384],{"class":81},[47,30085,85],{"class":77},[47,30087,30088,30090,30092,30094,30096,30098],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,30089,99],{"class":98},[47,30091,78],{"class":77},[47,30093,11095],{"class":98},[47,30095,78],{"class":77},[47,30097,11384],{"class":81},[47,30099,123],{"class":77},[47,30101,30102],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,30103,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,30105,30106,30108,30110,30112,30114,30116],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,30107,28472],{"class":53},[47,30109,58],{"class":57},[47,30111,11700],{"class":53},[47,30113,914],{"class":77},[47,30115,28481],{"class":81},[47,30117,8574],{"class":77},[47,30119,30120,30122,30124,30126],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,30121,99],{"class":98},[47,30123,78],{"class":77},[47,30125,23245],{"class":81},[47,30127,85],{"class":77},[20,30129,30130],{},"Or with unpacking:",[38,30132,30134],{"className":40,"code":30133,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"key, value = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(key)\nprint(value)\n",[15,30135,30136,30154,30164],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,30137,30138,30140,30142,30144,30146,30148,30150,30152],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,30139,14776],{"class":53},[47,30141,668],{"class":77},[47,30143,21520],{"class":53},[47,30145,58],{"class":57},[47,30147,11700],{"class":53},[47,30149,914],{"class":77},[47,30151,28481],{"class":81},[47,30153,8574],{"class":77},[47,30155,30156,30158,30160,30162],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,30157,99],{"class":98},[47,30159,78],{"class":77},[47,30161,14776],{"class":81},[47,30163,85],{"class":77},[47,30165,30166,30168,30170,30172],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,30167,99],{"class":98},[47,30169,78],{"class":77},[47,30171,585],{"class":81},[47,30173,85],{"class":77},[33,30175,1762],{"id":1761},[373,30177,1766,30179,1769],{"id":30178},"what-does-popitem-return-in-python",[15,30180,12703],{},[20,30182,30183,30184,914],{},"It returns the removed key-value pair as a tuple, such as ",[15,30185,30186],{},"('name', 'Alice')",[373,30188,1776,30190,30192],{"id":30189},"does-popitem-remove-the-last-item",[15,30191,12703],{}," remove the last item?",[20,30194,30195],{},"Yes. In modern Python, it removes the last inserted key-value pair.",[373,30197,30199,30200,30202],{"id":30198},"can-i-choose-which-key-popitem-removes","Can I choose which key ",[15,30201,12703],{}," removes?",[20,30204,30205,30206,30210],{},"No. Use ",[360,30207,30208],{"href":12500},[15,30209,12696],{}," if you want to remove a specific key.",[373,30212,1776,30214,14831],{"id":30213},"does-popitem-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,30215,12703],{},[20,30217,30218],{},"Yes. The item is removed from the dictionary.",[373,30220,30222,30223,30225],{"id":30221},"what-error-does-popitem-raise-on-an-empty-dictionary","What error does ",[15,30224,12703],{}," raise on an empty dictionary?",[20,30227,30228,30229,30231,30232,914],{},"It raises ",[15,30230,19623],{}," with the message ",[15,30233,29631],{},[33,30235,1825],{"id":1824},[185,30237,30238,30245,30251,30257,30263,30270,30274,30278],{},[188,30239,30240],{},[360,30241,30242,30244],{"href":12500},[15,30243,12696],{}," method for dictionaries",[188,30246,30247],{},[360,30248,30249,30244],{"href":17011},[15,30250,17014],{},[188,30252,30253],{},[360,30254,30255,30244],{"href":16998},[15,30256,17001],{},[188,30258,30259],{},[360,30260,30261,30244],{"href":17004},[15,30262,17007],{},[188,30264,30265],{},[360,30266,30268,30244],{"href":30267},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method\u002F",[15,30269,11255],{},[188,30271,30272],{},[360,30273,12720],{"href":12507},[188,30275,30276],{},[360,30277,21393],{"href":16532},[188,30279,30280],{},[360,30281,1871,30282],{"href":29795},[15,30283,29798],{},[1875,30285,30286],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":65,"depth":65,"links":30288},[30289,30290,30292,30293,30294,30295,30296,30297,30302,30307,30309,30310,30322],{"id":35,"depth":65,"text":36},{"id":28568,"depth":65,"text":30291},"What popitem() does",{"id":244,"depth":65,"text":245},{"id":28638,"depth":65,"text":28639},{"id":11408,"depth":65,"text":11409},{"id":28991,"depth":65,"text":28992},{"id":29183,"depth":65,"text":29184},{"id":29311,"depth":65,"text":30298,"children":30299},"Difference between popitem() and pop()",[30300,30301],{"id":28481,"depth":88,"text":12703},{"id":26174,"depth":88,"text":12696},{"id":29580,"depth":65,"text":29581,"children":30303},[30304,30305],{"id":29637,"depth":88,"text":29638},{"id":29712,"depth":88,"text":30306},"Fix 2: Use try-except",{"id":29801,"depth":65,"text":30308},"When to use popitem()",{"id":2774,"depth":65,"text":2775},{"id":1761,"depth":65,"text":1762,"children":30311},[30312,30314,30316,30318,30320],{"id":30178,"depth":88,"text":30313},"What does popitem() return in Python?",{"id":30189,"depth":88,"text":30315},"Does popitem() remove the last item?",{"id":30198,"depth":88,"text":30317},"Can I choose which key popitem() removes?",{"id":30213,"depth":88,"text":30319},"Does popitem() change the original dictionary?",{"id":30221,"depth":88,"text":30321},"What error does popitem() raise on an empty dictionary?",{"id":1824,"depth":65,"text":1825},"Master python dictionary popitem method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method",{"title":28307,"description":30323},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method","d7cKBI9V3R325yBRPJbIvubWICPrhq9HWsLXK3gZqNw",{"id":30330,"title":30331,"body":30332,"description":32235,"extension":1922,"meta":32236,"navigation":91,"path":13968,"seo":32237,"stem":32238,"__hash__":32239},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method.md","Python Dictionary update() Method",{"type":7,"value":30333,"toc":32207},[30334,30339,30344,30347,30349,30446,30451,30456,30461,30464,30472,30475,30490,30492,30592,30594,30651,30655,30657,30660,30680,30685,30696,30699,30726,30729,30731,30788,30790,30811,30817,30822,30825,30836,30838,30946,30948,31001,31003,31015,31022,31028,31033,31036,31124,31126,31171,31174,31182,31185,31188,31257,31260,31263,31267,31270,31341,31343,31396,31399,31402,31405,31420,31423,31435,31438,31501,31503,31509,31511,31513,31592,31594,31635,31637,31702,31704,31741,31746,31751,31755,31769,31772,31895,31897,31982,31987,31989,31993,32015,32018,32098,32101,32120,32125,32127,32133,32138,32144,32147,32153,32156,32162,32167,32173,32179,32181,32204],[10,30335,11252,30337,11256],{"id":30336},"python-dictionary-update-method",[15,30338,14888],{},[20,30340,1939,30341,30343],{},[15,30342,14888],{}," method changes a dictionary by adding new key-value pairs or replacing existing values.",[20,30345,30346],{},"Use it when you want to modify an existing dictionary instead of creating a new one.",[33,30348,36],{"id":35},[38,30350,30352],{"className":40,"code":30351,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nperson.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,30353,30354,30390,30431,30441],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,30355,30356,30358,30360,30362,30364,30366,30368,30370,30372,30374,30376,30378,30380,30382,30384,30386,30388],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,30357,13139],{"class":53},[47,30359,58],{"class":57},[47,30361,10423],{"class":77},[47,30363,309],{"class":151},[47,30365,7601],{"class":155},[47,30367,309],{"class":151},[47,30369,2826],{"class":77},[47,30371,303],{"class":151},[47,30373,12814],{"class":155},[47,30375,309],{"class":151},[47,30377,668],{"class":77},[47,30379,303],{"class":151},[47,30381,82],{"class":155},[47,30383,309],{"class":151},[47,30385,2826],{"class":77},[47,30387,7722],{"class":61},[47,30389,9240],{"class":77},[47,30391,30392,30394,30396,30399,30401,30403,30405,30407,30409,30412,30414,30416,30418,30420,30422,30424,30426,30428],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,30393,17243],{"class":53},[47,30395,914],{"class":77},[47,30397,30398],{"class":81},"update",[47,30400,5463],{"class":77},[47,30402,309],{"class":151},[47,30404,82],{"class":155},[47,30406,309],{"class":151},[47,30408,2826],{"class":77},[47,30410,30411],{"class":61}," 21",[47,30413,668],{"class":77},[47,30415,303],{"class":151},[47,30417,10341],{"class":155},[47,30419,309],{"class":151},[47,30421,2826],{"class":77},[47,30423,303],{"class":151},[47,30425,15966],{"class":155},[47,30427,309],{"class":151},[47,30429,30430],{"class":77},"})\n",[47,30432,30433,30435,30437,30439],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,30434,99],{"class":98},[47,30436,78],{"class":77},[47,30438,17243],{"class":81},[47,30440,85],{"class":77},[47,30442,30443],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,30444,30445],{"class":1378},"# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[20,30447,165,30448,30450],{},[15,30449,14888],{}," to add new keys or overwrite existing keys from another dictionary or iterable of key-value pairs.",[33,30452,172,30454,175],{"id":30453},"what-update-does",[15,30455,14888],{},[20,30457,30458,30460],{},[15,30459,14888],{}," modifies the original dictionary in place.",[20,30462,30463],{},"It can do two main things:",[185,30465,30466,30469],{},[188,30467,30468],{},"Add new key-value pairs",[188,30470,30471],{},"Replace values for keys that already exist",[20,30473,30474],{},"Important things to know:",[185,30476,30477,30480,30483,30487],{},[188,30478,30479],{},"It changes the dictionary directly",[188,30481,30482],{},"It does not sort the dictionary",[188,30484,5080,30485],{},[15,30486,3713],{},[188,30488,30489],{},"You should not assign its result to a new variable",[20,30491,800],{},[38,30493,30495],{"className":40,"code":30494,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Mira\", \"grade\": \"B\"}\nstudent.update({\"grade\": \"A\", \"city\": \"Quito\"})\nprint(student)\n",[15,30496,30497,30539,30582],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,30498,30499,30501,30503,30505,30507,30509,30511,30513,30515,30518,30520,30522,30524,30526,30528,30530,30532,30535,30537],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,30500,12797],{"class":53},[47,30502,58],{"class":57},[47,30504,10423],{"class":77},[47,30506,309],{"class":151},[47,30508,7601],{"class":155},[47,30510,309],{"class":151},[47,30512,2826],{"class":77},[47,30514,303],{"class":151},[47,30516,30517],{"class":155},"Mira",[47,30519,309],{"class":151},[47,30521,668],{"class":77},[47,30523,303],{"class":151},[47,30525,19827],{"class":155},[47,30527,309],{"class":151},[47,30529,2826],{"class":77},[47,30531,303],{"class":151},[47,30533,30534],{"class":155},"B",[47,30536,309],{"class":151},[47,30538,9240],{"class":77},[47,30540,30541,30543,30545,30547,30549,30551,30553,30555,30557,30559,30561,30563,30565,30567,30569,30571,30573,30575,30578,30580],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,30542,13561],{"class":53},[47,30544,914],{"class":77},[47,30546,30398],{"class":81},[47,30548,5463],{"class":77},[47,30550,309],{"class":151},[47,30552,19827],{"class":155},[47,30554,309],{"class":151},[47,30556,2826],{"class":77},[47,30558,303],{"class":151},[47,30560,22179],{"class":155},[47,30562,309],{"class":151},[47,30564,668],{"class":77},[47,30566,303],{"class":151},[47,30568,10341],{"class":155},[47,30570,309],{"class":151},[47,30572,2826],{"class":77},[47,30574,303],{"class":151},[47,30576,30577],{"class":155},"Quito",[47,30579,309],{"class":151},[47,30581,30430],{"class":77},[47,30583,30584,30586,30588,30590],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,30585,99],{"class":98},[47,30587,78],{"class":77},[47,30589,13561],{"class":81},[47,30591,85],{"class":77},[20,30593,129],{},[38,30595,30597],{"className":40,"code":30596,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'name': 'Mira', 'grade': 'A', 'city': 'Quito'}\n",[15,30598,30599],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,30600,30601,30603,30605,30607,30609,30611,30613,30615,30617,30619,30621,30623,30625,30627,30629,30631,30633,30635,30637,30639,30641,30643,30645,30647,30649],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,30602,9211],{"class":77},[47,30604,159],{"class":151},[47,30606,7601],{"class":155},[47,30608,159],{"class":151},[47,30610,2826],{"class":77},[47,30612,152],{"class":151},[47,30614,30517],{"class":155},[47,30616,159],{"class":151},[47,30618,668],{"class":77},[47,30620,152],{"class":151},[47,30622,19827],{"class":155},[47,30624,159],{"class":151},[47,30626,2826],{"class":77},[47,30628,152],{"class":151},[47,30630,22179],{"class":155},[47,30632,159],{"class":151},[47,30634,668],{"class":77},[47,30636,152],{"class":151},[47,30638,10341],{"class":155},[47,30640,159],{"class":151},[47,30642,2826],{"class":77},[47,30644,152],{"class":151},[47,30646,30577],{"class":155},[47,30648,159],{"class":151},[47,30650,9240],{"class":77},[20,30652,9084,30653,914],{},[360,30654,24563],{"href":9322},[33,30656,245],{"id":244},[20,30658,30659],{},"The basic form is:",[38,30661,30663],{"className":40,"code":30662,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dictionary.update(other)\n",[15,30664,30665],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,30666,30667,30669,30671,30673,30675,30678],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,30668,15539],{"class":53},[47,30670,914],{"class":77},[47,30672,30398],{"class":81},[47,30674,78],{"class":77},[47,30676,30677],{"class":81},"other",[47,30679,85],{"class":77},[20,30681,30682,30684],{},[15,30683,30677],{}," can be:",[185,30686,30687,30690,30693],{},[188,30688,30689],{},"Another dictionary",[188,30691,30692],{},"An iterable of key-value pairs",[188,30694,30695],{},"Keyword arguments",[20,30697,30698],{},"You can also use:",[38,30700,30702],{"className":40,"code":30701,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dictionary.update(name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,30703,30704],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,30705,30706,30708,30710,30712,30714,30716,30718,30720,30722,30724],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,30707,15539],{"class":53},[47,30709,914],{"class":77},[47,30711,30398],{"class":81},[47,30713,78],{"class":77},[47,30715,7601],{"class":9108},[47,30717,58],{"class":57},[47,30719,309],{"class":151},[47,30721,7610],{"class":155},[47,30723,309],{"class":151},[47,30725,85],{"class":77},[20,30727,30728],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins.",[20,30730,800],{},[38,30732,30734],{"className":40,"code":30733,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"a\": 1}\ndata.update({\"a\": 10})\nprint(data)\n",[15,30735,30736,30756,30778],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,30737,30738,30740,30742,30744,30746,30748,30750,30752,30754],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,30739,9098],{"class":53},[47,30741,58],{"class":57},[47,30743,10423],{"class":77},[47,30745,309],{"class":151},[47,30747,360],{"class":155},[47,30749,309],{"class":151},[47,30751,2826],{"class":77},[47,30753,5431],{"class":61},[47,30755,9240],{"class":77},[47,30757,30758,30760,30762,30764,30766,30768,30770,30772,30774,30776],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,30759,9137],{"class":53},[47,30761,914],{"class":77},[47,30763,30398],{"class":81},[47,30765,5463],{"class":77},[47,30767,309],{"class":151},[47,30769,360],{"class":155},[47,30771,309],{"class":151},[47,30773,2826],{"class":77},[47,30775,5939],{"class":61},[47,30777,30430],{"class":77},[47,30779,30780,30782,30784,30786],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,30781,99],{"class":98},[47,30783,78],{"class":77},[47,30785,9137],{"class":81},[47,30787,85],{"class":77},[20,30789,129],{},[38,30791,30793],{"className":40,"code":30792,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'a': 10}\n",[15,30794,30795],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,30796,30797,30799,30801,30803,30805,30807,30809],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,30798,9211],{"class":77},[47,30800,159],{"class":151},[47,30802,360],{"class":155},[47,30804,159],{"class":151},[47,30806,2826],{"class":77},[47,30808,5939],{"class":61},[47,30810,9240],{"class":77},[33,30812,1335,30814,30816],{"id":30813},"using-update-with-another-dictionary",[15,30815,14888],{}," with another dictionary",[20,30818,30819,30820,914],{},"This is the most common use of ",[15,30821,14888],{},[20,30823,30824],{},"It is useful when:",[185,30826,30827,30830,30833],{},[188,30828,30829],{},"Merging small dictionaries",[188,30831,30832],{},"Adding extra settings",[188,30834,30835],{},"Updating stored data",[20,30837,800],{},[38,30839,30841],{"className":40,"code":30840,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"settings = {\"theme\": \"light\", \"font_size\": 12}\nnew_settings = {\"font_size\": 14, \"language\": \"en\"}\n\nsettings.update(new_settings)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,30842,30843,30880,30917,30921,30936],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,30844,30845,30847,30849,30851,30853,30855,30857,30859,30861,30863,30865,30867,30869,30871,30873,30875,30878],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,30846,13761],{"class":53},[47,30848,58],{"class":57},[47,30850,10423],{"class":77},[47,30852,309],{"class":151},[47,30854,12428],{"class":155},[47,30856,309],{"class":151},[47,30858,2826],{"class":77},[47,30860,303],{"class":151},[47,30862,20863],{"class":155},[47,30864,309],{"class":151},[47,30866,668],{"class":77},[47,30868,303],{"class":151},[47,30870,13786],{"class":155},[47,30872,309],{"class":151},[47,30874,2826],{"class":77},[47,30876,30877],{"class":61}," 12",[47,30879,9240],{"class":77},[47,30881,30882,30885,30887,30889,30891,30893,30895,30897,30899,30901,30903,30905,30907,30909,30911,30913,30915],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,30883,30884],{"class":53},"new_settings ",[47,30886,58],{"class":57},[47,30888,10423],{"class":77},[47,30890,309],{"class":151},[47,30892,13786],{"class":155},[47,30894,309],{"class":151},[47,30896,2826],{"class":77},[47,30898,13793],{"class":61},[47,30900,668],{"class":77},[47,30902,303],{"class":151},[47,30904,20059],{"class":155},[47,30906,309],{"class":151},[47,30908,2826],{"class":77},[47,30910,303],{"class":151},[47,30912,20093],{"class":155},[47,30914,309],{"class":151},[47,30916,9240],{"class":77},[47,30918,30919],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,30920,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,30922,30923,30925,30927,30929,30931,30934],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,30924,13820],{"class":53},[47,30926,914],{"class":77},[47,30928,30398],{"class":81},[47,30930,78],{"class":77},[47,30932,30933],{"class":81},"new_settings",[47,30935,85],{"class":77},[47,30937,30938,30940,30942,30944],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,30939,99],{"class":98},[47,30941,78],{"class":77},[47,30943,13820],{"class":81},[47,30945,85],{"class":77},[20,30947,129],{},[38,30949,30951],{"className":40,"code":30950,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'theme': 'light', 'font_size': 14, 'language': 'en'}\n",[15,30952,30953],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,30954,30955,30957,30959,30961,30963,30965,30967,30969,30971,30973,30975,30977,30979,30981,30983,30985,30987,30989,30991,30993,30995,30997,30999],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,30956,9211],{"class":77},[47,30958,159],{"class":151},[47,30960,12428],{"class":155},[47,30962,159],{"class":151},[47,30964,2826],{"class":77},[47,30966,152],{"class":151},[47,30968,20863],{"class":155},[47,30970,159],{"class":151},[47,30972,668],{"class":77},[47,30974,152],{"class":151},[47,30976,13786],{"class":155},[47,30978,159],{"class":151},[47,30980,2826],{"class":77},[47,30982,13793],{"class":61},[47,30984,668],{"class":77},[47,30986,152],{"class":151},[47,30988,20059],{"class":155},[47,30990,159],{"class":151},[47,30992,2826],{"class":77},[47,30994,152],{"class":151},[47,30996,20093],{"class":155},[47,30998,159],{"class":151},[47,31000,9240],{"class":77},[20,31002,13344],{},[185,31004,31005,31010],{},[188,31006,31007,31009],{},[15,31008,13786],{}," already existed, so its value was replaced",[188,31011,31012,31014],{},[15,31013,20059],{}," did not exist, so it was added",[20,31016,31017,31018,914],{},"If you want a task-focused guide, see ",[360,31019,31021],{"href":31020},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-merge-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","how to merge dictionaries in Python",[33,31023,1335,31025,31027],{"id":31024},"using-update-with-key-value-pairs",[15,31026,14888],{}," with key-value pairs",[20,31029,31030,31032],{},[15,31031,14888],{}," also works with iterables that contain pairs.",[20,31034,31035],{},"For example, you can pass a list of tuples:",[38,31037,31039],{"className":40,"code":31038,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"scores = {\"math\": 90}\npairs = [(\"science\", 85), (\"english\", 88)]\n\nscores.update(pairs)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,31040,31041,31061,31096,31100,31114],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,31042,31043,31045,31047,31049,31051,31053,31055,31057,31059],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,31044,4998],{"class":53},[47,31046,58],{"class":57},[47,31048,10423],{"class":77},[47,31050,309],{"class":151},[47,31052,18352],{"class":155},[47,31054,309],{"class":151},[47,31056,2826],{"class":77},[47,31058,19834],{"class":61},[47,31060,9240],{"class":77},[47,31062,31063,31065,31067,31069,31071,31073,31075,31077,31079,31081,31083,31085,31088,31090,31092,31094],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,31064,9148],{"class":53},[47,31066,58],{"class":57},[47,31068,9153],{"class":77},[47,31070,309],{"class":151},[47,31072,18361],{"class":155},[47,31074,309],{"class":151},[47,31076,668],{"class":77},[47,31078,13442],{"class":61},[47,31080,9166],{"class":77},[47,31082,9169],{"class":77},[47,31084,309],{"class":151},[47,31086,31087],{"class":155},"english",[47,31089,309],{"class":151},[47,31091,668],{"class":77},[47,31093,28854],{"class":61},[47,31095,9182],{"class":77},[47,31097,31098],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,31099,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,31101,31102,31104,31106,31108,31110,31112],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,31103,16324],{"class":53},[47,31105,914],{"class":77},[47,31107,30398],{"class":81},[47,31109,78],{"class":77},[47,31111,9195],{"class":81},[47,31113,85],{"class":77},[47,31115,31116,31118,31120,31122],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,31117,99],{"class":98},[47,31119,78],{"class":77},[47,31121,16324],{"class":81},[47,31123,85],{"class":77},[20,31125,129],{},[38,31127,31129],{"className":40,"code":31128,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'math': 90, 'science': 85, 'english': 88}\n",[15,31130,31131],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,31132,31133,31135,31137,31139,31141,31143,31145,31147,31149,31151,31153,31155,31157,31159,31161,31163,31165,31167,31169],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,31134,9211],{"class":77},[47,31136,159],{"class":151},[47,31138,18352],{"class":155},[47,31140,159],{"class":151},[47,31142,2826],{"class":77},[47,31144,19834],{"class":61},[47,31146,668],{"class":77},[47,31148,152],{"class":151},[47,31150,18361],{"class":155},[47,31152,159],{"class":151},[47,31154,2826],{"class":77},[47,31156,13442],{"class":61},[47,31158,668],{"class":77},[47,31160,152],{"class":151},[47,31162,31087],{"class":155},[47,31164,159],{"class":151},[47,31166,2826],{"class":77},[47,31168,28854],{"class":61},[47,31170,9240],{"class":77},[20,31172,31173],{},"Each item must contain exactly two values:",[185,31175,31176,31179],{},[188,31177,31178],{},"The key",[188,31180,31181],{},"The value",[20,31183,31184],{},"Bad structure will raise an error.",[20,31186,31187],{},"Example of incorrect data:",[38,31189,31191],{"className":40,"code":31190,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"a\": 1}\nbad_pairs = [(\"b\", 2, 3)]\n\ndata.update(bad_pairs)\n",[15,31192,31193,31213,31238,31242],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,31194,31195,31197,31199,31201,31203,31205,31207,31209,31211],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,31196,9098],{"class":53},[47,31198,58],{"class":57},[47,31200,10423],{"class":77},[47,31202,309],{"class":151},[47,31204,360],{"class":155},[47,31206,309],{"class":151},[47,31208,2826],{"class":77},[47,31210,5431],{"class":61},[47,31212,9240],{"class":77},[47,31214,31215,31218,31220,31222,31224,31226,31228,31230,31232,31234,31236],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,31216,31217],{"class":53},"bad_pairs ",[47,31219,58],{"class":57},[47,31221,9153],{"class":77},[47,31223,309],{"class":151},[47,31225,4696],{"class":155},[47,31227,309],{"class":151},[47,31229,668],{"class":77},[47,31231,671],{"class":61},[47,31233,668],{"class":77},[47,31235,676],{"class":61},[47,31237,9182],{"class":77},[47,31239,31240],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,31241,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,31243,31244,31246,31248,31250,31252,31255],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,31245,9137],{"class":53},[47,31247,914],{"class":77},[47,31249,30398],{"class":81},[47,31251,78],{"class":77},[47,31253,31254],{"class":81},"bad_pairs",[47,31256,85],{"class":77},[20,31258,31259],{},"This causes an error because each item must be a pair.",[20,31261,31262],{},"This form is useful when you have simple data that needs to become dictionary entries.",[33,31264,31266],{"id":31265},"using-keyword-arguments","Using keyword arguments",[20,31268,31269],{},"You can also pass key-value pairs as keyword arguments:",[38,31271,31273],{"className":40,"code":31272,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"user = {\"name\": \"Leo\"}\nuser.update(age=25, city=\"Madrid\")\nprint(user)\n",[15,31274,31275,31299,31331],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,31276,31277,31279,31281,31283,31285,31287,31289,31291,31293,31295,31297],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,31278,11422],{"class":53},[47,31280,58],{"class":57},[47,31282,10423],{"class":77},[47,31284,309],{"class":151},[47,31286,7601],{"class":155},[47,31288,309],{"class":151},[47,31290,2826],{"class":77},[47,31292,303],{"class":151},[47,31294,28847],{"class":155},[47,31296,309],{"class":151},[47,31298,9240],{"class":77},[47,31300,31301,31303,31305,31307,31309,31311,31313,31315,31317,31320,31322,31324,31327,31329],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,31302,11515],{"class":53},[47,31304,914],{"class":77},[47,31306,30398],{"class":81},[47,31308,78],{"class":77},[47,31310,82],{"class":9108},[47,31312,58],{"class":57},[47,31314,9126],{"class":61},[47,31316,668],{"class":77},[47,31318,31319],{"class":9108}," city",[47,31321,58],{"class":57},[47,31323,309],{"class":151},[47,31325,31326],{"class":155},"Madrid",[47,31328,309],{"class":151},[47,31330,85],{"class":77},[47,31332,31333,31335,31337,31339],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,31334,99],{"class":98},[47,31336,78],{"class":77},[47,31338,11515],{"class":81},[47,31340,85],{"class":77},[20,31342,129],{},[38,31344,31346],{"className":40,"code":31345,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'name': 'Leo', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Madrid'}\n",[15,31347,31348],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,31349,31350,31352,31354,31356,31358,31360,31362,31364,31366,31368,31370,31372,31374,31376,31378,31380,31382,31384,31386,31388,31390,31392,31394],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,31351,9211],{"class":77},[47,31353,159],{"class":151},[47,31355,7601],{"class":155},[47,31357,159],{"class":151},[47,31359,2826],{"class":77},[47,31361,152],{"class":151},[47,31363,28847],{"class":155},[47,31365,159],{"class":151},[47,31367,668],{"class":77},[47,31369,152],{"class":151},[47,31371,82],{"class":155},[47,31373,159],{"class":151},[47,31375,2826],{"class":77},[47,31377,900],{"class":61},[47,31379,668],{"class":77},[47,31381,152],{"class":151},[47,31383,10341],{"class":155},[47,31385,159],{"class":151},[47,31387,2826],{"class":77},[47,31389,152],{"class":151},[47,31391,31326],{"class":155},[47,31393,159],{"class":151},[47,31395,9240],{"class":77},[20,31397,31398],{},"This is convenient for simple string keys.",[20,31400,31401],{},"But there is one limit: keys must be valid Python identifiers.",[20,31403,31404],{},"These work:",[185,31406,31407,31411,31415],{},[188,31408,31409],{},[15,31410,82],{},[188,31412,31413],{},[15,31414,10341],{},[188,31416,31417],{},[15,31418,31419],{},"first_name",[20,31421,31422],{},"These do not work as keyword arguments:",[185,31424,31425,31430],{},[188,31426,31427],{},[15,31428,31429],{},"\"first name\"",[188,31431,31432],{},[15,31433,31434],{},"\"user-id\"",[20,31436,31437],{},"For keys like that, use a dictionary instead:",[38,31439,31441],{"className":40,"code":31440,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"user = {}\nuser.update({\"first name\": \"Leo\", \"user-id\": 1001})\nprint(user)\n",[15,31442,31443,31451,31491],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,31444,31445,31447,31449],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,31446,11422],{"class":53},[47,31448,58],{"class":57},[47,31450,9770],{"class":77},[47,31452,31453,31455,31457,31459,31461,31463,31465,31467,31469,31471,31473,31475,31477,31479,31482,31484,31486,31489],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,31454,11515],{"class":53},[47,31456,914],{"class":77},[47,31458,30398],{"class":81},[47,31460,5463],{"class":77},[47,31462,309],{"class":151},[47,31464,10445],{"class":155},[47,31466,309],{"class":151},[47,31468,2826],{"class":77},[47,31470,303],{"class":151},[47,31472,28847],{"class":155},[47,31474,309],{"class":151},[47,31476,668],{"class":77},[47,31478,303],{"class":151},[47,31480,31481],{"class":155},"user-id",[47,31483,309],{"class":151},[47,31485,2826],{"class":77},[47,31487,31488],{"class":61}," 1001",[47,31490,30430],{"class":77},[47,31492,31493,31495,31497,31499],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,31494,99],{"class":98},[47,31496,78],{"class":77},[47,31498,11515],{"class":81},[47,31500,85],{"class":77},[33,31502,1504],{"id":1503},[20,31504,31505,2346,31507,914],{},[15,31506,14888],{},[15,31508,3713],{},[20,31510,13984],{},[20,31512,24643],{},[38,31514,31516],{"className":40,"code":31515,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nresult = person.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(result)\nprint(person)\n",[15,31517,31518,31542,31568,31572,31582],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,31519,31520,31522,31524,31526,31528,31530,31532,31534,31536,31538,31540],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,31521,13139],{"class":53},[47,31523,58],{"class":57},[47,31525,10423],{"class":77},[47,31527,309],{"class":151},[47,31529,7601],{"class":155},[47,31531,309],{"class":151},[47,31533,2826],{"class":77},[47,31535,303],{"class":151},[47,31537,12814],{"class":155},[47,31539,309],{"class":151},[47,31541,9240],{"class":77},[47,31543,31544,31546,31548,31550,31552,31554,31556,31558,31560,31562,31564,31566],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,31545,2184],{"class":53},[47,31547,58],{"class":57},[47,31549,13182],{"class":53},[47,31551,914],{"class":77},[47,31553,30398],{"class":81},[47,31555,5463],{"class":77},[47,31557,309],{"class":151},[47,31559,82],{"class":155},[47,31561,309],{"class":151},[47,31563,2826],{"class":77},[47,31565,7722],{"class":61},[47,31567,30430],{"class":77},[47,31569,31570],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,31571,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,31573,31574,31576,31578,31580],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,31575,99],{"class":98},[47,31577,78],{"class":77},[47,31579,2218],{"class":81},[47,31581,85],{"class":77},[47,31583,31584,31586,31588,31590],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,31585,99],{"class":98},[47,31587,78],{"class":77},[47,31589,17243],{"class":81},[47,31591,85],{"class":77},[20,31593,129],{},[38,31595,31597],{"className":40,"code":31596,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"None\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,31598,31599,31603],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,31600,31601],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,31602,11742],{"class":571},[47,31604,31605,31607,31609,31611,31613,31615,31617,31619,31621,31623,31625,31627,31629,31631,31633],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,31606,9211],{"class":77},[47,31608,159],{"class":151},[47,31610,7601],{"class":155},[47,31612,159],{"class":151},[47,31614,2826],{"class":77},[47,31616,152],{"class":151},[47,31618,12814],{"class":155},[47,31620,159],{"class":151},[47,31622,668],{"class":77},[47,31624,152],{"class":151},[47,31626,82],{"class":155},[47,31628,159],{"class":151},[47,31630,2826],{"class":77},[47,31632,7722],{"class":61},[47,31634,9240],{"class":77},[20,31636,16591],{},[38,31638,31640],{"className":40,"code":31639,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nperson.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(person)\n",[15,31641,31642,31666,31688,31692],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,31643,31644,31646,31648,31650,31652,31654,31656,31658,31660,31662,31664],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,31645,13139],{"class":53},[47,31647,58],{"class":57},[47,31649,10423],{"class":77},[47,31651,309],{"class":151},[47,31653,7601],{"class":155},[47,31655,309],{"class":151},[47,31657,2826],{"class":77},[47,31659,303],{"class":151},[47,31661,12814],{"class":155},[47,31663,309],{"class":151},[47,31665,9240],{"class":77},[47,31667,31668,31670,31672,31674,31676,31678,31680,31682,31684,31686],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,31669,17243],{"class":53},[47,31671,914],{"class":77},[47,31673,30398],{"class":81},[47,31675,5463],{"class":77},[47,31677,309],{"class":151},[47,31679,82],{"class":155},[47,31681,309],{"class":151},[47,31683,2826],{"class":77},[47,31685,7722],{"class":61},[47,31687,30430],{"class":77},[47,31689,31690],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,31691,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,31693,31694,31696,31698,31700],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,31695,99],{"class":98},[47,31697,78],{"class":77},[47,31699,17243],{"class":81},[47,31701,85],{"class":77},[20,31703,129],{},[38,31705,31707],{"className":40,"code":31706,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,31708,31709],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,31710,31711,31713,31715,31717,31719,31721,31723,31725,31727,31729,31731,31733,31735,31737,31739],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,31712,9211],{"class":77},[47,31714,159],{"class":151},[47,31716,7601],{"class":155},[47,31718,159],{"class":151},[47,31720,2826],{"class":77},[47,31722,152],{"class":151},[47,31724,12814],{"class":155},[47,31726,159],{"class":151},[47,31728,668],{"class":77},[47,31730,152],{"class":151},[47,31732,82],{"class":155},[47,31734,159],{"class":151},[47,31736,2826],{"class":77},[47,31738,7722],{"class":61},[47,31740,9240],{"class":77},[20,31742,31743,31744,914],{},"If you only want to add or change one key, see ",[360,31745,17839],{"href":10663},[33,31747,773,31749],{"id":31748},"when-to-use-update",[15,31750,14888],{},[20,31752,165,31753,10533],{},[15,31754,14888],{},[185,31756,31757,31760,31763,31766],{},[188,31758,31759],{},"You want to modify an existing dictionary",[188,31761,31762],{},"You want to add several keys at once",[188,31764,31765],{},"You want to merge settings or user data",[188,31767,31768],{},"Overwriting old values is acceptable",[20,31770,31771],{},"If you want to keep the original dictionary unchanged, make a copy first:",[38,31773,31775],{"className":40,"code":31774,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nupdated = original.copy()\n\nupdated.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\n\nprint(original)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,31776,31777,31813,31828,31832,31871,31875,31885],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,31778,31779,31781,31783,31785,31787,31789,31791,31793,31795,31797,31799,31801,31803,31805,31807,31809,31811],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,31780,12020],{"class":53},[47,31782,58],{"class":57},[47,31784,10423],{"class":77},[47,31786,309],{"class":151},[47,31788,7601],{"class":155},[47,31790,309],{"class":151},[47,31792,2826],{"class":77},[47,31794,303],{"class":151},[47,31796,12814],{"class":155},[47,31798,309],{"class":151},[47,31800,668],{"class":77},[47,31802,303],{"class":151},[47,31804,82],{"class":155},[47,31806,309],{"class":151},[47,31808,2826],{"class":77},[47,31810,7722],{"class":61},[47,31812,9240],{"class":77},[47,31814,31815,31818,31820,31822,31824,31826],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,31816,31817],{"class":53},"updated ",[47,31819,58],{"class":57},[47,31821,12095],{"class":53},[47,31823,914],{"class":77},[47,31825,12845],{"class":81},[47,31827,8574],{"class":77},[47,31829,31830],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,31831,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,31833,31834,31837,31839,31841,31843,31845,31847,31849,31851,31853,31855,31857,31859,31861,31863,31865,31867,31869],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,31835,31836],{"class":53},"updated",[47,31838,914],{"class":77},[47,31840,30398],{"class":81},[47,31842,5463],{"class":77},[47,31844,309],{"class":151},[47,31846,82],{"class":155},[47,31848,309],{"class":151},[47,31850,2826],{"class":77},[47,31852,30411],{"class":61},[47,31854,668],{"class":77},[47,31856,303],{"class":151},[47,31858,10341],{"class":155},[47,31860,309],{"class":151},[47,31862,2826],{"class":77},[47,31864,303],{"class":151},[47,31866,15966],{"class":155},[47,31868,309],{"class":151},[47,31870,30430],{"class":77},[47,31872,31873],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,31874,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,31876,31877,31879,31881,31883],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,31878,99],{"class":98},[47,31880,78],{"class":77},[47,31882,12067],{"class":81},[47,31884,85],{"class":77},[47,31886,31887,31889,31891,31893],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,31888,99],{"class":98},[47,31890,78],{"class":77},[47,31892,31836],{"class":81},[47,31894,85],{"class":77},[20,31896,129],{},[38,31898,31900],{"className":40,"code":31899,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,31901,31902,31934],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,31903,31904,31906,31908,31910,31912,31914,31916,31918,31920,31922,31924,31926,31928,31930,31932],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,31905,9211],{"class":77},[47,31907,159],{"class":151},[47,31909,7601],{"class":155},[47,31911,159],{"class":151},[47,31913,2826],{"class":77},[47,31915,152],{"class":151},[47,31917,12814],{"class":155},[47,31919,159],{"class":151},[47,31921,668],{"class":77},[47,31923,152],{"class":151},[47,31925,82],{"class":155},[47,31927,159],{"class":151},[47,31929,2826],{"class":77},[47,31931,7722],{"class":61},[47,31933,9240],{"class":77},[47,31935,31936,31938,31940,31942,31944,31946,31948,31950,31952,31954,31956,31958,31960,31962,31964,31966,31968,31970,31972,31974,31976,31978,31980],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,31937,9211],{"class":77},[47,31939,159],{"class":151},[47,31941,7601],{"class":155},[47,31943,159],{"class":151},[47,31945,2826],{"class":77},[47,31947,152],{"class":151},[47,31949,12814],{"class":155},[47,31951,159],{"class":151},[47,31953,668],{"class":77},[47,31955,152],{"class":151},[47,31957,82],{"class":155},[47,31959,159],{"class":151},[47,31961,2826],{"class":77},[47,31963,30411],{"class":61},[47,31965,668],{"class":77},[47,31967,152],{"class":151},[47,31969,10341],{"class":155},[47,31971,159],{"class":151},[47,31973,2826],{"class":77},[47,31975,152],{"class":151},[47,31977,15966],{"class":155},[47,31979,159],{"class":151},[47,31981,9240],{"class":77},[20,31983,31984,31985,914],{},"After updating a dictionary, you may also want to learn ",[360,31986,16533],{"href":16532},[33,31988,2775],{"id":2774},[20,31990,10680,31991,2826],{},[15,31992,14888],{},[185,31994,31995,32002,32006,32009,32012],{},[188,31996,12528,31997,31999,32000],{},[15,31998,14888],{}," to a variable and getting ",[15,32001,3713],{},[188,32003,1400,32004,12536],{},[15,32005,14888],{},[188,32007,32008],{},"Passing items that are not key-value pairs",[188,32010,32011],{},"Using keyword arguments for keys that are not valid identifiers",[188,32013,32014],{},"Overwriting existing values by mistake",[20,32016,32017],{},"Useful debugging checks:",[38,32019,32021],{"className":40,"code":32020,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(data))\nprint(list(data))\nprint(my_dict.get('key'))\nhelp(dict.update)\n",[15,32022,32023,32033,32047,32061,32083],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,32024,32025,32027,32029,32031],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,32026,99],{"class":98},[47,32028,78],{"class":77},[47,32030,11384],{"class":81},[47,32032,85],{"class":77},[47,32034,32035,32037,32039,32041,32043,32045],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,32036,99],{"class":98},[47,32038,78],{"class":77},[47,32040,116],{"class":73},[47,32042,78],{"class":77},[47,32044,9137],{"class":81},[47,32046,123],{"class":77},[47,32048,32049,32051,32053,32055,32057,32059],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,32050,99],{"class":98},[47,32052,78],{"class":77},[47,32054,8025],{"class":73},[47,32056,78],{"class":77},[47,32058,9137],{"class":81},[47,32060,123],{"class":77},[47,32062,32063,32065,32067,32069,32071,32073,32075,32077,32079,32081],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,32064,99],{"class":98},[47,32066,78],{"class":77},[47,32068,11384],{"class":81},[47,32070,914],{"class":77},[47,32072,19686],{"class":81},[47,32074,78],{"class":77},[47,32076,159],{"class":151},[47,32078,14776],{"class":155},[47,32080,159],{"class":151},[47,32082,123],{"class":77},[47,32084,32085,32088,32090,32092,32094,32096],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,32086,32087],{"class":98},"help",[47,32089,78],{"class":77},[47,32091,8753],{"class":73},[47,32093,914],{"class":77},[47,32095,30398],{"class":24685},[47,32097,85],{"class":77},[20,32099,32100],{},"These can help you check:",[185,32102,32103,32106,32111,32114,32117],{},[188,32104,32105],{},"What your dictionary currently contains",[188,32107,32108,32109],{},"What type of data you are passing to ",[15,32110,14888],{},[188,32112,32113],{},"Whether your input really contains pairs",[188,32115,32116],{},"Whether a key exists",[188,32118,32119],{},"The built-in method help text",[20,32121,32122,32123,914],{},"If you are trying to read a missing key after updating, you may also run into ",[360,32124,11196],{"href":11007},[33,32126,1762],{"id":1761},[373,32128,1776,32130,32132],{"id":32129},"does-update-return-a-new-dictionary",[15,32131,14888],{}," return a new dictionary?",[20,32134,32135,32136,914],{},"No. It changes the original dictionary and returns ",[15,32137,3713],{},[373,32139,1776,32141,32143],{"id":32140},"does-update-overwrite-existing-keys",[15,32142,14888],{}," overwrite existing keys?",[20,32145,32146],{},"Yes. If a key already exists, its value is replaced.",[373,32148,1786,32150,32152],{"id":32149},"can-update-add-new-keys",[15,32151,14888],{}," add new keys?",[20,32154,32155],{},"Yes. Missing keys are added to the dictionary.",[373,32157,28262,32159,32161],{"id":32158},"can-i-use-update-with-a-list",[15,32160,14888],{}," with a list?",[20,32163,32164,32165,914],{},"Yes, if the list contains key-value pairs like ",[15,32166,11028],{},[373,32168,5111,32170,32172],{"id":32169},"what-is-the-difference-between-update-and-assigning-one-key",[15,32171,14888],{}," and assigning one key?",[20,32174,32175,32176,32178],{},"Single assignment changes one key. ",[15,32177,14888],{}," can change many keys at once.",[33,32180,1825],{"id":1824},[185,32182,32183,32187,32191,32196,32200],{},[188,32184,32185],{},[360,32186,26028],{"href":9322},[188,32188,32189],{},[360,32190,11185],{"href":10663},[188,32192,32193],{},[360,32194,32195],{"href":31020},"How to merge dictionaries in Python",[188,32197,32198],{},[360,32199,21393],{"href":16532},[188,32201,32202],{},[360,32203,11196],{"href":11007},[1875,32205,32206],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":65,"depth":65,"links":32208},[32209,32210,32212,32213,32215,32217,32218,32219,32221,32222,32234],{"id":35,"depth":65,"text":36},{"id":30453,"depth":65,"text":32211},"What update() does",{"id":244,"depth":65,"text":245},{"id":30813,"depth":65,"text":32214},"Using update() with another dictionary",{"id":31024,"depth":65,"text":32216},"Using update() with key-value pairs",{"id":31265,"depth":65,"text":31266},{"id":1503,"depth":65,"text":1504},{"id":31748,"depth":65,"text":32220},"When to use update()",{"id":2774,"depth":65,"text":2775},{"id":1761,"depth":65,"text":1762,"children":32223},[32224,32226,32228,32230,32232],{"id":32129,"depth":88,"text":32225},"Does update() return a new dictionary?",{"id":32140,"depth":88,"text":32227},"Does update() overwrite existing keys?",{"id":32149,"depth":88,"text":32229},"Can update() add new keys?",{"id":32158,"depth":88,"text":32231},"Can I use update() with a list?",{"id":32169,"depth":88,"text":32233},"What is the difference between update() and assigning one key?",{"id":1824,"depth":65,"text":1825},"Master python dictionary update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":30331,"description":32235},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method","njJ700GKZ1TE_XL_n6OM2NaXw_gA2-mTYBWaDLPqKa8",{"id":32241,"title":32242,"body":32243,"description":34230,"extension":1922,"meta":34231,"navigation":91,"path":22829,"seo":34232,"stem":34233,"__hash__":34234},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method.md","Python Dictionary values() Method",{"type":7,"value":32244,"toc":34193},[32245,32250,32256,32259,32261,32360,32362,32417,32422,32427,32441,32446,32448,32463,32465,32479,32492,32497,32503,32510,32512,32619,32621,32670,32676,32751,32753,32774,32776,32779,32884,32886,32941,32943,32971,32975,32980,33059,33061,33081,33083,33094,33104,33108,33113,33216,33218,33243,33246,33257,33262,33271,33274,33291,33293,33380,33382,33445,33447,33470,33472,33477,33483,33488,33490,33529,33535,33538,33557,33568,33574,33577,33650,33652,33671,33676,33679,33702,33708,33711,33775,33778,33855,33862,33865,33924,33930,33932,33951,33955,33958,34009,34012,34032,34034,34095,34097,34102,34107,34112,34117,34122,34127,34133,34136,34145,34153,34155,34190],[10,32246,11252,32248,11256],{"id":32247},"python-dictionary-values-method",[15,32249,17007],{},[20,32251,22,32252,32255],{},[15,32253,32254],{},"dict.values()"," method returns all values from a dictionary.",[20,32257,32258],{},"It is useful when you want the values only and do not need the keys. A common beginner use case is getting all values from a dictionary so you can print them, loop through them, or convert them to a list.",[33,32260,36],{"id":35},[38,32262,32264],{"className":40,"code":32263,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(values)\nprint(list(values))\n",[15,32265,32266,32318,32332,32336,32346],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,32267,32268,32270,32272,32274,32276,32278,32280,32282,32284,32286,32288,32290,32292,32294,32296,32298,32300,32302,32304,32306,32308,32310,32312,32314,32316],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,32269,12797],{"class":53},[47,32271,58],{"class":57},[47,32273,10423],{"class":77},[47,32275,309],{"class":151},[47,32277,7601],{"class":155},[47,32279,309],{"class":151},[47,32281,2826],{"class":77},[47,32283,303],{"class":151},[47,32285,12814],{"class":155},[47,32287,309],{"class":151},[47,32289,668],{"class":77},[47,32291,303],{"class":151},[47,32293,82],{"class":155},[47,32295,309],{"class":151},[47,32297,2826],{"class":77},[47,32299,7722],{"class":61},[47,32301,668],{"class":77},[47,32303,303],{"class":151},[47,32305,10341],{"class":155},[47,32307,309],{"class":151},[47,32309,2826],{"class":77},[47,32311,303],{"class":151},[47,32313,15966],{"class":155},[47,32315,309],{"class":151},[47,32317,9240],{"class":77},[47,32319,32320,32322,32324,32326,32328,32330],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,32321,3758],{"class":53},[47,32323,58],{"class":57},[47,32325,12840],{"class":53},[47,32327,914],{"class":77},[47,32329,5291],{"class":81},[47,32331,8574],{"class":77},[47,32333,32334],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,32335,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,32337,32338,32340,32342,32344],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,32339,99],{"class":98},[47,32341,78],{"class":77},[47,32343,5291],{"class":81},[47,32345,85],{"class":77},[47,32347,32348,32350,32352,32354,32356,32358],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,32349,99],{"class":98},[47,32351,78],{"class":77},[47,32353,8025],{"class":73},[47,32355,78],{"class":77},[47,32357,5291],{"class":81},[47,32359,123],{"class":77},[20,32361,129],{},[38,32363,32365],{"className":40,"code":32364,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dict_values(['Ana', 20, 'Lima'])\n['Ana', 20, 'Lima']\n",[15,32366,32367,32393],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,32368,32369,32371,32373,32375,32377,32379,32381,32383,32385,32387,32389,32391],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,32370,16973],{"class":81},[47,32372,2928],{"class":77},[47,32374,159],{"class":151},[47,32376,12814],{"class":155},[47,32378,159],{"class":151},[47,32380,668],{"class":77},[47,32382,7722],{"class":61},[47,32384,668],{"class":77},[47,32386,152],{"class":151},[47,32388,15966],{"class":155},[47,32390,159],{"class":151},[47,32392,3825],{"class":77},[47,32394,32395,32397,32399,32401,32403,32405,32407,32409,32411,32413,32415],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,32396,736],{"class":77},[47,32398,159],{"class":151},[47,32400,12814],{"class":155},[47,32402,159],{"class":151},[47,32404,668],{"class":77},[47,32406,7722],{"class":61},[47,32408,668],{"class":77},[47,32410,152],{"class":151},[47,32412,15966],{"class":155},[47,32414,159],{"class":151},[47,32416,679],{"class":77},[20,32418,32419,32421],{},[15,32420,17007],{}," returns a dictionary view object. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list.",[33,32423,172,32425,175],{"id":32424},"what-values-does",[15,32426,17007],{},[185,32428,32429,32432,32435,32438],{},[188,32430,32431],{},"It is used on a dictionary",[188,32433,32434],{},"It returns all dictionary values",[188,32436,32437],{},"It keeps the same order as the dictionary",[188,32439,32440],{},"It returns a view object, not a new list",[20,32442,32443,32444,914],{},"If you already know how to create dictionaries, see ",[360,32445,9323],{"href":9322},[33,32447,245],{"id":244},[38,32449,32451],{"className":40,"code":32450,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_dict.values()\n",[15,32452,32453],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,32454,32455,32457,32459,32461],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,32456,11384],{"class":53},[47,32458,914],{"class":77},[47,32460,5291],{"class":81},[47,32462,8574],{"class":77},[20,32464,12986],{},[185,32466,32467,32471,32474],{},[188,32468,32469,11399],{},[15,32470,17007],{},[188,32472,32473],{},"It works only on dictionary objects",[188,32475,32476,32477],{},"You must include the parentheses: ",[15,32478,17007],{},[20,32480,32481,32482,4329,32487,914],{},"This is a dictionary method, similar to ",[360,32483,32484,32486],{"href":16998},[15,32485,17001],{}," for dictionary keys",[360,32488,32489,32491],{"href":17011},[15,32490,17014],{}," for key-value pairs",[33,32493,172,32495,11639],{"id":32494},"what-values-returns",[15,32496,17007],{},[20,32498,32499,1509,32501,24699],{},[15,32500,17007],{},[15,32502,16973],{},[20,32504,32505,32506,32509],{},"This object is a ",[127,32507,32508],{},"view"," of the dictionary values. That means it shows the current values in the dictionary, and it updates if the dictionary changes.",[20,32511,800],{},[38,32513,32515],{"className":40,"code":32514,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\n\nvalues_view = person.values()\nprint(values_view)\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Quito\"\nprint(values_view)\n",[15,32516,32517,32553,32557,32572,32583,32587,32609],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,32518,32519,32521,32523,32525,32527,32529,32531,32533,32535,32537,32539,32541,32543,32545,32547,32549,32551],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,32520,13139],{"class":53},[47,32522,58],{"class":57},[47,32524,10423],{"class":77},[47,32526,309],{"class":151},[47,32528,7601],{"class":155},[47,32530,309],{"class":151},[47,32532,2826],{"class":77},[47,32534,303],{"class":151},[47,32536,7852],{"class":155},[47,32538,309],{"class":151},[47,32540,668],{"class":77},[47,32542,303],{"class":151},[47,32544,82],{"class":155},[47,32546,309],{"class":151},[47,32548,2826],{"class":77},[47,32550,900],{"class":61},[47,32552,9240],{"class":77},[47,32554,32555],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,32556,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,32558,32559,32562,32564,32566,32568,32570],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,32560,32561],{"class":53},"values_view ",[47,32563,58],{"class":57},[47,32565,13182],{"class":53},[47,32567,914],{"class":77},[47,32569,5291],{"class":81},[47,32571,8574],{"class":77},[47,32573,32574,32576,32578,32581],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,32575,99],{"class":98},[47,32577,78],{"class":77},[47,32579,32580],{"class":81},"values_view",[47,32582,85],{"class":77},[47,32584,32585],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,32586,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,32588,32589,32591,32593,32595,32597,32599,32601,32603,32605,32607],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,32590,17243],{"class":53},[47,32592,736],{"class":77},[47,32594,309],{"class":151},[47,32596,10341],{"class":155},[47,32598,309],{"class":151},[47,32600,13208],{"class":77},[47,32602,13211],{"class":57},[47,32604,303],{"class":151},[47,32606,30577],{"class":155},[47,32608,820],{"class":151},[47,32610,32611,32613,32615,32617],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,32612,99],{"class":98},[47,32614,78],{"class":77},[47,32616,32580],{"class":81},[47,32618,85],{"class":77},[20,32620,129],{},[38,32622,32624],{"className":40,"code":32623,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dict_values(['Mia', 25])\ndict_values(['Mia', 25, 'Quito'])\n",[15,32625,32626,32644],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,32627,32628,32630,32632,32634,32636,32638,32640,32642],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,32629,16973],{"class":81},[47,32631,2928],{"class":77},[47,32633,159],{"class":151},[47,32635,7852],{"class":155},[47,32637,159],{"class":151},[47,32639,668],{"class":77},[47,32641,900],{"class":61},[47,32643,3825],{"class":77},[47,32645,32646,32648,32650,32652,32654,32656,32658,32660,32662,32664,32666,32668],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,32647,16973],{"class":81},[47,32649,2928],{"class":77},[47,32651,159],{"class":151},[47,32653,7852],{"class":155},[47,32655,159],{"class":151},[47,32657,668],{"class":77},[47,32659,900],{"class":61},[47,32661,668],{"class":77},[47,32663,152],{"class":151},[47,32665,30577],{"class":155},[47,32667,159],{"class":151},[47,32669,3825],{"class":77},[20,32671,32672,32673,914],{},"If you need a regular list, use ",[15,32674,32675],{},"list(my_dict.values())",[38,32677,32679],{"className":40,"code":32678,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\nvalues_list = list(person.values())\n\nprint(values_list)\n",[15,32680,32681,32717,32736,32740],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,32682,32683,32685,32687,32689,32691,32693,32695,32697,32699,32701,32703,32705,32707,32709,32711,32713,32715],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,32684,13139],{"class":53},[47,32686,58],{"class":57},[47,32688,10423],{"class":77},[47,32690,309],{"class":151},[47,32692,7601],{"class":155},[47,32694,309],{"class":151},[47,32696,2826],{"class":77},[47,32698,303],{"class":151},[47,32700,7852],{"class":155},[47,32702,309],{"class":151},[47,32704,668],{"class":77},[47,32706,303],{"class":151},[47,32708,82],{"class":155},[47,32710,309],{"class":151},[47,32712,2826],{"class":77},[47,32714,900],{"class":61},[47,32716,9240],{"class":77},[47,32718,32719,32722,32724,32726,32728,32730,32732,32734],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,32720,32721],{"class":53},"values_list ",[47,32723,58],{"class":57},[47,32725,22494],{"class":73},[47,32727,78],{"class":77},[47,32729,17243],{"class":81},[47,32731,914],{"class":77},[47,32733,5291],{"class":81},[47,32735,7127],{"class":77},[47,32737,32738],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,32739,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,32741,32742,32744,32746,32749],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,32743,99],{"class":98},[47,32745,78],{"class":77},[47,32747,32748],{"class":81},"values_list",[47,32750,85],{"class":77},[20,32752,129],{},[38,32754,32756],{"className":40,"code":32755,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['Mia', 25]\n",[15,32757,32758],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,32759,32760,32762,32764,32766,32768,32770,32772],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,32761,736],{"class":77},[47,32763,159],{"class":151},[47,32765,7852],{"class":155},[47,32767,159],{"class":151},[47,32769,668],{"class":77},[47,32771,900],{"class":61},[47,32773,679],{"class":77},[33,32775,11409],{"id":11408},[20,32777,32778],{},"Here is a basic example step by step:",[38,32780,32782],{"className":40,"code":32781,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2022, \"color\": \"blue\"}\n\nresult = car.values()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,32783,32784,32838,32842,32856,32860,32870],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,32785,32786,32788,32790,32792,32794,32796,32798,32800,32802,32804,32806,32808,32810,32812,32814,32816,32819,32821,32823,32826,32828,32830,32832,32834,32836],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,32787,24731],{"class":53},[47,32789,58],{"class":57},[47,32791,10423],{"class":77},[47,32793,309],{"class":151},[47,32795,24740],{"class":155},[47,32797,309],{"class":151},[47,32799,2826],{"class":77},[47,32801,303],{"class":151},[47,32803,24749],{"class":155},[47,32805,309],{"class":151},[47,32807,668],{"class":77},[47,32809,303],{"class":151},[47,32811,24758],{"class":155},[47,32813,309],{"class":151},[47,32815,2826],{"class":77},[47,32817,32818],{"class":61}," 2022",[47,32820,668],{"class":77},[47,32822,303],{"class":151},[47,32824,32825],{"class":155},"color",[47,32827,309],{"class":151},[47,32829,2826],{"class":77},[47,32831,303],{"class":151},[47,32833,13044],{"class":155},[47,32835,309],{"class":151},[47,32837,9240],{"class":77},[47,32839,32840],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,32841,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,32843,32844,32846,32848,32850,32852,32854],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,32845,2184],{"class":53},[47,32847,58],{"class":57},[47,32849,24780],{"class":53},[47,32851,914],{"class":77},[47,32853,5291],{"class":81},[47,32855,8574],{"class":77},[47,32857,32858],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,32859,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,32861,32862,32864,32866,32868],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,32863,99],{"class":98},[47,32865,78],{"class":77},[47,32867,2218],{"class":81},[47,32869,85],{"class":77},[47,32871,32872,32874,32876,32878,32880,32882],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,32873,99],{"class":98},[47,32875,78],{"class":77},[47,32877,8025],{"class":73},[47,32879,78],{"class":77},[47,32881,2218],{"class":81},[47,32883,123],{"class":77},[20,32885,129],{},[38,32887,32889],{"className":40,"code":32888,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dict_values(['Toyota', 2022, 'blue'])\n['Toyota', 2022, 'blue']\n",[15,32890,32891,32917],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,32892,32893,32895,32897,32899,32901,32903,32905,32907,32909,32911,32913,32915],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,32894,16973],{"class":81},[47,32896,2928],{"class":77},[47,32898,159],{"class":151},[47,32900,24749],{"class":155},[47,32902,159],{"class":151},[47,32904,668],{"class":77},[47,32906,32818],{"class":61},[47,32908,668],{"class":77},[47,32910,152],{"class":151},[47,32912,13044],{"class":155},[47,32914,159],{"class":151},[47,32916,3825],{"class":77},[47,32918,32919,32921,32923,32925,32927,32929,32931,32933,32935,32937,32939],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,32920,736],{"class":77},[47,32922,159],{"class":151},[47,32924,24749],{"class":155},[47,32926,159],{"class":151},[47,32928,668],{"class":77},[47,32930,32818],{"class":61},[47,32932,668],{"class":77},[47,32934,152],{"class":151},[47,32936,13044],{"class":155},[47,32938,159],{"class":151},[47,32940,679],{"class":77},[20,32942,11617],{},[185,32944,32945,32951,32957,32965],{},[188,32946,32947,32950],{},[15,32948,32949],{},"car"," is a dictionary",[188,32952,32953,32956],{},[15,32954,32955],{},"car.values()"," gets all values",[188,32958,32959,32962,32963,24552],{},[15,32960,32961],{},"print(result)"," shows the ",[15,32964,16973],{},[188,32966,32967,32970],{},[15,32968,32969],{},"print(list(result))"," shows the same values as a list",[33,32972,32974],{"id":32973},"looping-through-dictionary-values","Looping through dictionary values",[20,32976,32977,32978,25997],{},"You can loop through dictionary values with a ",[15,32979,5892],{},[38,32981,32983],{"className":40,"code":32982,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"english\": 85, \"science\": 88}\n\nfor value in scores.values():\n    print(value)\n",[15,32984,32985,33029,33033,33049],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,32986,32987,32989,32991,32993,32995,32997,32999,33001,33003,33005,33007,33009,33011,33013,33015,33017,33019,33021,33023,33025,33027],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,32988,4998],{"class":53},[47,32990,58],{"class":57},[47,32992,10423],{"class":77},[47,32994,309],{"class":151},[47,32996,18352],{"class":155},[47,32998,309],{"class":151},[47,33000,2826],{"class":77},[47,33002,19834],{"class":61},[47,33004,668],{"class":77},[47,33006,303],{"class":151},[47,33008,31087],{"class":155},[47,33010,309],{"class":151},[47,33012,2826],{"class":77},[47,33014,13442],{"class":61},[47,33016,668],{"class":77},[47,33018,303],{"class":151},[47,33020,18361],{"class":155},[47,33022,309],{"class":151},[47,33024,2826],{"class":77},[47,33026,28854],{"class":61},[47,33028,9240],{"class":77},[47,33030,33031],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,33032,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,33034,33035,33037,33039,33041,33043,33045,33047],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,33036,5892],{"class":3812},[47,33038,21520],{"class":53},[47,33040,3819],{"class":3812},[47,33042,5044],{"class":53},[47,33044,914],{"class":77},[47,33046,5291],{"class":81},[47,33048,21531],{"class":77},[47,33050,33051,33053,33055,33057],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,33052,8000],{"class":98},[47,33054,78],{"class":77},[47,33056,585],{"class":81},[47,33058,85],{"class":77},[20,33060,129],{},[38,33062,33064],{"className":40,"code":33063,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"90\n85\n88\n",[15,33065,33066,33071,33076],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,33067,33068],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,33069,33070],{"class":61},"90\n",[47,33072,33073],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,33074,33075],{"class":61},"85\n",[47,33077,33078],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,33079,33080],{"class":61},"88\n",[20,33082,17645],{},[185,33084,33085,33088,33091],{},[188,33086,33087],{},"You only need the values",[188,33089,33090],{},"You do not care about the keys",[188,33092,33093],{},"You want simpler code",[20,33095,33096,33097,1389,33101,914],{},"If you want to loop through keys and values together, see ",[360,33098,10669,33099,10673],{"href":17011},[15,33100,17014],{},[360,33102,22409],{"href":33103},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F",[33,33105,33107],{"id":33106},"converting-values-to-a-list","Converting values to a list",[20,33109,165,33110,33112],{},[15,33111,32675],{}," when you need a list.",[38,33114,33116],{"className":40,"code":33115,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruit_prices = {\"apple\": 2, \"banana\": 1, \"orange\": 3}\n\nprice_list = list(fruit_prices.values())\n\nprint(price_list)\nprint(price_list[0])\n",[15,33117,33118,33163,33167,33187,33191,33202],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,33119,33120,33123,33125,33127,33129,33131,33133,33135,33137,33139,33141,33143,33145,33147,33149,33151,33153,33155,33157,33159,33161],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,33121,33122],{"class":53},"fruit_prices ",[47,33124,58],{"class":57},[47,33126,10423],{"class":77},[47,33128,309],{"class":151},[47,33130,1425],{"class":155},[47,33132,309],{"class":151},[47,33134,2826],{"class":77},[47,33136,671],{"class":61},[47,33138,668],{"class":77},[47,33140,303],{"class":151},[47,33142,1434],{"class":155},[47,33144,309],{"class":151},[47,33146,2826],{"class":77},[47,33148,5431],{"class":61},[47,33150,668],{"class":77},[47,33152,303],{"class":151},[47,33154,1443],{"class":155},[47,33156,309],{"class":151},[47,33158,2826],{"class":77},[47,33160,676],{"class":61},[47,33162,9240],{"class":77},[47,33164,33165],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,33166,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,33168,33169,33172,33174,33176,33178,33181,33183,33185],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,33170,33171],{"class":53},"price_list ",[47,33173,58],{"class":57},[47,33175,22494],{"class":73},[47,33177,78],{"class":77},[47,33179,33180],{"class":81},"fruit_prices",[47,33182,914],{"class":77},[47,33184,5291],{"class":81},[47,33186,7127],{"class":77},[47,33188,33189],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,33190,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,33192,33193,33195,33197,33200],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,33194,99],{"class":98},[47,33196,78],{"class":77},[47,33198,33199],{"class":81},"price_list",[47,33201,85],{"class":77},[47,33203,33204,33206,33208,33210,33212,33214],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,33205,99],{"class":98},[47,33207,78],{"class":77},[47,33209,33199],{"class":81},[47,33211,736],{"class":77},[47,33213,2077],{"class":61},[47,33215,3825],{"class":77},[20,33217,129],{},[38,33219,33221],{"className":40,"code":33220,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[2, 1, 3]\n2\n",[15,33222,33223,33239],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,33224,33225,33227,33229,33231,33233,33235,33237],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,33226,736],{"class":77},[47,33228,2016],{"class":61},[47,33230,668],{"class":77},[47,33232,5431],{"class":61},[47,33234,668],{"class":77},[47,33236,676],{"class":61},[47,33238,679],{"class":77},[47,33240,33241],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,33242,16992],{"class":61},[20,33244,33245],{},"This is helpful for:",[185,33247,33248,33251,33254],{},[188,33249,33250],{},"Displaying the values as a normal list",[188,33252,33253],{},"Accessing values by index",[188,33255,33256],{},"Passing the values to code that expects a list",[20,33258,3861,33259,33261],{},[15,33260,16973],{}," is not the same as a list.",[33,33263,33265,920,33267,920,33269],{"id":33264},"values-vs-keys-vs-items",[15,33266,17007],{},[15,33268,17001],{},[15,33270,17014],{},[20,33272,33273],{},"These three dictionary methods are related, but they return different things:",[185,33275,33276,33281,33286],{},[188,33277,33278,33280],{},[15,33279,17007],{}," returns only the values",[188,33282,33283,33285],{},[15,33284,17001],{}," returns only the keys",[188,33287,33288,33290],{},[15,33289,17014],{}," returns key-value pairs",[20,33292,2083],{},[38,33294,33296],{"className":40,"code":33295,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.keys())\nprint(student.values())\nprint(student.items())\n",[15,33297,33298,33334,33338,33352,33366],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,33299,33300,33302,33304,33306,33308,33310,33312,33314,33316,33318,33320,33322,33324,33326,33328,33330,33332],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,33301,12797],{"class":53},[47,33303,58],{"class":57},[47,33305,10423],{"class":77},[47,33307,309],{"class":151},[47,33309,7601],{"class":155},[47,33311,309],{"class":151},[47,33313,2826],{"class":77},[47,33315,303],{"class":151},[47,33317,12814],{"class":155},[47,33319,309],{"class":151},[47,33321,668],{"class":77},[47,33323,303],{"class":151},[47,33325,82],{"class":155},[47,33327,309],{"class":151},[47,33329,2826],{"class":77},[47,33331,7722],{"class":61},[47,33333,9240],{"class":77},[47,33335,33336],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,33337,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,33339,33340,33342,33344,33346,33348,33350],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,33341,99],{"class":98},[47,33343,78],{"class":77},[47,33345,13561],{"class":81},[47,33347,914],{"class":77},[47,33349,16859],{"class":81},[47,33351,7127],{"class":77},[47,33353,33354,33356,33358,33360,33362,33364],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,33355,99],{"class":98},[47,33357,78],{"class":77},[47,33359,13561],{"class":81},[47,33361,914],{"class":77},[47,33363,5291],{"class":81},[47,33365,7127],{"class":77},[47,33367,33368,33370,33372,33374,33376,33378],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,33369,99],{"class":98},[47,33371,78],{"class":77},[47,33373,13561],{"class":81},[47,33375,914],{"class":77},[47,33377,692],{"class":81},[47,33379,7127],{"class":77},[20,33381,129],{},[38,33383,33385],{"className":40,"code":33384,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\ndict_items([('name', 20)])\n",[15,33386,33387,33409,33427],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,33388,33389,33391,33393,33395,33397,33399,33401,33403,33405,33407],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,33390,16950],{"class":81},[47,33392,2928],{"class":77},[47,33394,159],{"class":151},[47,33396,7601],{"class":155},[47,33398,159],{"class":151},[47,33400,668],{"class":77},[47,33402,152],{"class":151},[47,33404,82],{"class":155},[47,33406,159],{"class":151},[47,33408,3825],{"class":77},[47,33410,33411,33413,33415,33417,33419,33421,33423,33425],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,33412,16973],{"class":81},[47,33414,2928],{"class":77},[47,33416,159],{"class":151},[47,33418,12814],{"class":155},[47,33420,159],{"class":151},[47,33422,668],{"class":77},[47,33424,7722],{"class":61},[47,33426,3825],{"class":77},[47,33428,33429,33431,33433,33435,33437,33439,33441,33443],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,33430,21843],{"class":81},[47,33432,9589],{"class":77},[47,33434,159],{"class":151},[47,33436,7601],{"class":155},[47,33438,159],{"class":151},[47,33440,668],{"class":77},[47,33442,7722],{"class":61},[47,33444,10611],{"class":77},[20,33446,18630],{},[185,33448,33449,33456,33463],{},[188,33450,33451,33455],{},[360,33452,33453],{"href":16998},[15,33454,17001],{}," when you need just the keys",[188,33457,33458,33462],{},[360,33459,33460],{"href":17004},[15,33461,17007],{}," when you need just the values",[188,33464,33465,33469],{},[360,33466,33467],{"href":17011},[15,33468,17014],{}," when you need both",[33,33471,1131],{"id":1130},[20,33473,33474,33475,914],{},"Here are some common problems with ",[15,33476,17007],{},[373,33478,29584,33480,33482],{"id":33479},"calling-values-on-the-wrong-type",[15,33481,17007],{}," on the wrong type",[20,33484,33485,33487],{},[15,33486,17007],{}," works on dictionaries only.",[20,33489,16579],{},[38,33491,33493],{"className":40,"code":33492,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(my_list.values())\n",[15,33494,33495,33515],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,33496,33497,33499,33501,33503,33505,33507,33509,33511,33513],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,33498,8239],{"class":53},[47,33500,58],{"class":57},[47,33502,662],{"class":77},[47,33504,665],{"class":61},[47,33506,668],{"class":77},[47,33508,671],{"class":61},[47,33510,668],{"class":77},[47,33512,676],{"class":61},[47,33514,679],{"class":77},[47,33516,33517,33519,33521,33523,33525,33527],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,33518,99],{"class":98},[47,33520,78],{"class":77},[47,33522,8270],{"class":81},[47,33524,914],{"class":77},[47,33526,5291],{"class":81},[47,33528,7127],{"class":77},[20,33530,33531,33532,33534],{},"This causes an error because lists do not have a ",[15,33533,17007],{}," method.",[20,33536,33537],{},"To debug this, check the type:",[38,33539,33541],{"className":40,"code":33540,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(type(my_list))\n",[15,33542,33543],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,33544,33545,33547,33549,33551,33553,33555],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,33546,99],{"class":98},[47,33548,78],{"class":77},[47,33550,116],{"class":73},[47,33552,78],{"class":77},[47,33554,8270],{"class":81},[47,33556,123],{"class":77},[20,33558,33559,33560,33562,33563,914],{},"If you get an ",[15,33561,25606],{},", see ",[360,33564,1652,33565,33567],{"href":25613},[15,33566,25616],{}," errors",[373,33569,4514,33571,33573],{"id":33570},"assuming-values-returns-a-list",[15,33572,17007],{}," returns a list",[20,33575,33576],{},"Beginners often expect this:",[38,33578,33580],{"className":40,"code":33579,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,33581,33582,33618,33632,33636],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,33583,33584,33586,33588,33590,33592,33594,33596,33598,33600,33602,33604,33606,33608,33610,33612,33614,33616],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,33585,12797],{"class":53},[47,33587,58],{"class":57},[47,33589,10423],{"class":77},[47,33591,309],{"class":151},[47,33593,7601],{"class":155},[47,33595,309],{"class":151},[47,33597,2826],{"class":77},[47,33599,303],{"class":151},[47,33601,12814],{"class":155},[47,33603,309],{"class":151},[47,33605,668],{"class":77},[47,33607,303],{"class":151},[47,33609,82],{"class":155},[47,33611,309],{"class":151},[47,33613,2826],{"class":77},[47,33615,7722],{"class":61},[47,33617,9240],{"class":77},[47,33619,33620,33622,33624,33626,33628,33630],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,33621,3758],{"class":53},[47,33623,58],{"class":57},[47,33625,12840],{"class":53},[47,33627,914],{"class":77},[47,33629,5291],{"class":81},[47,33631,8574],{"class":77},[47,33633,33634],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,33635,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,33637,33638,33640,33642,33644,33646,33648],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,33639,99],{"class":98},[47,33641,78],{"class":77},[47,33643,116],{"class":73},[47,33645,78],{"class":77},[47,33647,5291],{"class":81},[47,33649,123],{"class":77},[20,33651,129],{},[38,33653,33655],{"className":40,"code":33654,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass 'dict_values'>\n",[15,33656,33657],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,33658,33659,33661,33663,33665,33667,33669],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,33660,144],{"class":57},[47,33662,148],{"class":147},[47,33664,152],{"class":151},[47,33666,16973],{"class":155},[47,33668,159],{"class":151},[47,33670,162],{"class":57},[20,33672,5080,33673,33675],{},[15,33674,16973],{},", not a list.",[20,33677,33678],{},"If you need a list:",[38,33680,33682],{"className":40,"code":33681,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = list(student.values())\n",[15,33683,33684],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,33685,33686,33688,33690,33692,33694,33696,33698,33700],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,33687,3758],{"class":53},[47,33689,58],{"class":57},[47,33691,22494],{"class":73},[47,33693,78],{"class":77},[47,33695,13561],{"class":81},[47,33697,914],{"class":77},[47,33699,5291],{"class":81},[47,33701,7127],{"class":77},[373,33703,33705,33706],{"id":33704},"trying-to-use-an-index-directly-on-dict_values","Trying to use an index directly on ",[15,33707,16973],{},[20,33709,33710],{},"This may not work the way you expect:",[38,33712,33714],{"className":40,"code":33713,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\n# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[15,33715,33716,33752,33766,33770],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,33717,33718,33720,33722,33724,33726,33728,33730,33732,33734,33736,33738,33740,33742,33744,33746,33748,33750],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,33719,12797],{"class":53},[47,33721,58],{"class":57},[47,33723,10423],{"class":77},[47,33725,309],{"class":151},[47,33727,7601],{"class":155},[47,33729,309],{"class":151},[47,33731,2826],{"class":77},[47,33733,303],{"class":151},[47,33735,12814],{"class":155},[47,33737,309],{"class":151},[47,33739,668],{"class":77},[47,33741,303],{"class":151},[47,33743,82],{"class":155},[47,33745,309],{"class":151},[47,33747,2826],{"class":77},[47,33749,7722],{"class":61},[47,33751,9240],{"class":77},[47,33753,33754,33756,33758,33760,33762,33764],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,33755,3758],{"class":53},[47,33757,58],{"class":57},[47,33759,12840],{"class":53},[47,33761,914],{"class":77},[47,33763,5291],{"class":81},[47,33765,8574],{"class":77},[47,33767,33768],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,33769,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,33771,33772],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,33773,33774],{"class":1378},"# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[20,33776,33777],{},"Convert to a list first:",[38,33779,33781],{"className":40,"code":33780,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = list(student.values())\n\nprint(values[0])\n",[15,33782,33783,33819,33837,33841],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,33784,33785,33787,33789,33791,33793,33795,33797,33799,33801,33803,33805,33807,33809,33811,33813,33815,33817],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,33786,12797],{"class":53},[47,33788,58],{"class":57},[47,33790,10423],{"class":77},[47,33792,309],{"class":151},[47,33794,7601],{"class":155},[47,33796,309],{"class":151},[47,33798,2826],{"class":77},[47,33800,303],{"class":151},[47,33802,12814],{"class":155},[47,33804,309],{"class":151},[47,33806,668],{"class":77},[47,33808,303],{"class":151},[47,33810,82],{"class":155},[47,33812,309],{"class":151},[47,33814,2826],{"class":77},[47,33816,7722],{"class":61},[47,33818,9240],{"class":77},[47,33820,33821,33823,33825,33827,33829,33831,33833,33835],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,33822,3758],{"class":53},[47,33824,58],{"class":57},[47,33826,22494],{"class":73},[47,33828,78],{"class":77},[47,33830,13561],{"class":81},[47,33832,914],{"class":77},[47,33834,5291],{"class":81},[47,33836,7127],{"class":77},[47,33838,33839],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,33840,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,33842,33843,33845,33847,33849,33851,33853],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,33844,99],{"class":98},[47,33846,78],{"class":77},[47,33848,5291],{"class":81},[47,33850,736],{"class":77},[47,33852,2077],{"class":61},[47,33854,3825],{"class":77},[373,33856,1335,33858,11025,33860],{"id":33857},"using-values-instead-of-values",[15,33859,5291],{},[15,33861,17007],{},[20,33863,33864],{},"This is also a common mistake:",[38,33866,33868],{"className":40,"code":33867,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.values)\n",[15,33869,33870,33906,33910],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,33871,33872,33874,33876,33878,33880,33882,33884,33886,33888,33890,33892,33894,33896,33898,33900,33902,33904],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,33873,12797],{"class":53},[47,33875,58],{"class":57},[47,33877,10423],{"class":77},[47,33879,309],{"class":151},[47,33881,7601],{"class":155},[47,33883,309],{"class":151},[47,33885,2826],{"class":77},[47,33887,303],{"class":151},[47,33889,12814],{"class":155},[47,33891,309],{"class":151},[47,33893,668],{"class":77},[47,33895,303],{"class":151},[47,33897,82],{"class":155},[47,33899,309],{"class":151},[47,33901,2826],{"class":77},[47,33903,7722],{"class":61},[47,33905,9240],{"class":77},[47,33907,33908],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,33909,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,33911,33912,33914,33916,33918,33920,33922],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,33913,99],{"class":98},[47,33915,78],{"class":77},[47,33917,13561],{"class":81},[47,33919,914],{"class":77},[47,33921,5291],{"class":24685},[47,33923,85],{"class":77},[20,33925,33926,33929],{},[15,33927,33928],{},"student.values"," refers to the method itself, not the result.",[20,33931,18630],{},[38,33933,33935],{"className":40,"code":33934,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(student.values())\n",[15,33936,33937],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,33938,33939,33941,33943,33945,33947,33949],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,33940,99],{"class":98},[47,33942,78],{"class":77},[47,33944,13561],{"class":81},[47,33946,914],{"class":77},[47,33948,5291],{"class":81},[47,33950,7127],{"class":77},[373,33952,33954],{"id":33953},"using-parentheses-incorrectly-on-the-dictionary-variable","Using parentheses incorrectly on the dictionary variable",[20,33956,33957],{},"Make sure the method is called on the dictionary:",[38,33959,33961],{"className":40,"code":33960,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(data.values())\n",[15,33962,33963,33995],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,33964,33965,33967,33969,33971,33973,33975,33977,33979,33981,33983,33985,33987,33989,33991,33993],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,33966,9098],{"class":53},[47,33968,58],{"class":57},[47,33970,10423],{"class":77},[47,33972,309],{"class":151},[47,33974,360],{"class":155},[47,33976,309],{"class":151},[47,33978,2826],{"class":77},[47,33980,5431],{"class":61},[47,33982,668],{"class":77},[47,33984,303],{"class":151},[47,33986,4696],{"class":155},[47,33988,309],{"class":151},[47,33990,2826],{"class":77},[47,33992,671],{"class":61},[47,33994,9240],{"class":77},[47,33996,33997,33999,34001,34003,34005,34007],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,33998,99],{"class":98},[47,34000,78],{"class":77},[47,34002,9137],{"class":81},[47,34004,914],{"class":77},[47,34006,5291],{"class":81},[47,34008,7127],{"class":77},[20,34010,34011],{},"Not like this:",[38,34013,34015],{"className":40,"code":34014,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# Wrong examples:\n# data().values()\n# values(data)\n",[15,34016,34017,34022,34027],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,34018,34019],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,34020,34021],{"class":1378},"# Wrong examples:\n",[47,34023,34024],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,34025,34026],{"class":1378},"# data().values()\n",[47,34028,34029],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,34030,34031],{"class":1378},"# values(data)\n",[20,34033,3279],{},[38,34035,34037],{"className":40,"code":34036,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(list(my_dict.values()))\n",[15,34038,34039,34053,34063,34077],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,34040,34041,34043,34045,34047,34049,34051],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,34042,99],{"class":98},[47,34044,78],{"class":77},[47,34046,116],{"class":73},[47,34048,78],{"class":77},[47,34050,11384],{"class":81},[47,34052,123],{"class":77},[47,34054,34055,34057,34059,34061],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,34056,99],{"class":98},[47,34058,78],{"class":77},[47,34060,11384],{"class":81},[47,34062,85],{"class":77},[47,34064,34065,34067,34069,34071,34073,34075],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,34066,99],{"class":98},[47,34068,78],{"class":77},[47,34070,11384],{"class":81},[47,34072,914],{"class":77},[47,34074,5291],{"class":81},[47,34076,7127],{"class":77},[47,34078,34079,34081,34083,34085,34087,34089,34091,34093],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,34080,99],{"class":98},[47,34082,78],{"class":77},[47,34084,8025],{"class":73},[47,34086,78],{"class":77},[47,34088,11384],{"class":81},[47,34090,914],{"class":77},[47,34092,5291],{"class":81},[47,34094,6225],{"class":77},[33,34096,1762],{"id":1761},[373,34098,1766,34100,1769],{"id":34099},"what-does-dictvalues-return-in-python",[15,34101,32254],{},[20,34103,17356,34104,34106],{},[15,34105,16973],{}," view object containing the dictionary's values.",[373,34108,1776,34110,23866],{"id":34109},"does-values-return-a-list",[15,34111,17007],{},[20,34113,23869,34114,23873],{},[15,34115,34116],{},"list(...)",[373,34118,25989,34120,1812],{"id":34119},"can-i-loop-through-dictvalues",[15,34121,32254],{},[20,34123,34124,34125,25997],{},"Yes. It is iterable, so you can use it in a ",[15,34126,5892],{},[373,34128,1776,34130,34132],{"id":34129},"does-dictvalues-change-if-the-dictionary-changes",[15,34131,32254],{}," change if the dictionary changes?",[20,34134,34135],{},"Yes. The returned view reflects updates to the dictionary.",[373,34137,34139,34140,34142,34143,1812],{"id":34138},"how-is-values-different-from-items","How is ",[15,34141,17007],{}," different from ",[15,34144,17014],{},[20,34146,34147,34149,34150,34152],{},[15,34148,17007],{}," returns only values. ",[15,34151,17014],{}," returns key-value pairs.",[33,34154,1825],{"id":1824},[185,34156,34157,34163,34169,34173,34179,34183],{},[188,34158,34159],{},[360,34160,10669,34161,10673],{"href":16998},[15,34162,17001],{},[188,34164,34165],{},[360,34166,10669,34167,10673],{"href":17011},[15,34168,17014],{},[188,34170,34171],{},[360,34172,11176],{"href":9322},[188,34174,34175],{},[360,34176,34178],{"href":34177},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-values-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all values from a dictionary in Python",[188,34180,34181],{},[360,34182,23951],{"href":33103},[188,34184,34185],{},[360,34186,1871,34187],{"href":25613},[15,34188,34189],{},"AttributeError: object has no attribute",[1875,34191,34192],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":65,"depth":65,"links":34194},[34195,34196,34198,34199,34201,34202,34203,34204,34206,34217,34229],{"id":35,"depth":65,"text":36},{"id":32424,"depth":65,"text":34197},"What values() does",{"id":244,"depth":65,"text":245},{"id":32494,"depth":65,"text":34200},"What values() returns",{"id":11408,"depth":65,"text":11409},{"id":32973,"depth":65,"text":32974},{"id":33106,"depth":65,"text":33107},{"id":33264,"depth":65,"text":34205},"values() vs keys() vs items()",{"id":1130,"depth":65,"text":1131,"children":34207},[34208,34210,34212,34214,34216],{"id":33479,"depth":88,"text":34209},"Calling values() on the wrong type",{"id":33570,"depth":88,"text":34211},"Assuming values() returns a list",{"id":33704,"depth":88,"text":34213},"Trying to use an index directly on dict_values",{"id":33857,"depth":88,"text":34215},"Using values instead of values()",{"id":33953,"depth":88,"text":33954},{"id":1761,"depth":65,"text":1762,"children":34218},[34219,34221,34223,34225,34227],{"id":34099,"depth":88,"text":34220},"What does dict.values() return in Python?",{"id":34109,"depth":88,"text":34222},"Does values() return a list?",{"id":34119,"depth":88,"text":34224},"Can I loop through dict.values()?",{"id":34129,"depth":88,"text":34226},"Does dict.values() change if the dictionary changes?",{"id":34138,"depth":88,"text":34228},"How is values() different from items()?",{"id":1824,"depth":65,"text":1825},"Master python dictionary values method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":32242,"description":34230},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method","C7FI1a366YPc1nISHwbHD3SBOEKiby2QGVuyezuVqKU",{"id":34236,"title":34237,"body":34238,"description":35667,"extension":1922,"meta":35668,"navigation":91,"path":35669,"seo":35670,"stem":35671,"__hash__":35672},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained.md","Python dir() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":34239,"toc":35619},[34240,34246,34251,34254,34270,34279,34281,34313,34319,34322,34417,34420,34425,34430,34433,34444,34446,34460,34466,34468,34473,34479,34482,34521,34529,34534,34537,34582,34585,34597,34603,34609,34613,34644,34647,34665,34668,34672,34711,34713,34733,34736,34748,34753,34759,34762,34817,34820,34831,34834,34845,34848,34852,34858,34860,34890,34893,34908,34911,34914,34933,34936,34952,34961,34963,34994,35000,35005,35008,35015,35046,35049,35071,35074,35077,35091,35095,35126,35141,35148,35155,35159,35167,35171,35179,35182,35231,35242,35244,35247,35253,35258,35268,35272,35275,35278,35282,35285,35287,35308,35312,35318,35329,35335,35337,35343,35367,35370,35433,35436,35464,35467,35529,35531,35536,35539,35546,35554,35561,35564,35572,35578,35580,35607,35616],[10,34241,13,34243,18],{"id":34242},"python-dir-function-explained",[15,34244,34245],{},"dir()",[20,34247,22,34248,34250],{},[15,34249,34245],{}," function is a simple inspection tool. It helps you see what names are available on an object, module, or in the current scope.",[20,34252,34253],{},"This is especially useful when you are:",[185,34255,34256,34259,34262,34267],{},[188,34257,34258],{},"learning Python",[188,34260,34261],{},"exploring a new object",[188,34263,34264,34265],{},"debugging an ",[15,34266,25606],{},[188,34268,34269],{},"checking what methods exist on a value",[20,34271,34272,34273,34275,34276],{},"In short, ",[15,34274,34245],{}," helps you answer the question: ",[127,34277,34278],{},"“What can I use here?”",[33,34280,36],{"id":35},[38,34282,34284],{"className":40,"code":34283,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(name))\n",[15,34285,34286,34298],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,34287,34288,34290,34292,34294,34296],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,34289,810],{"class":53},[47,34291,58],{"class":57},[47,34293,303],{"class":151},[47,34295,3781],{"class":155},[47,34297,820],{"class":151},[47,34299,34300,34302,34304,34307,34309,34311],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,34301,99],{"class":98},[47,34303,78],{"class":77},[47,34305,34306],{"class":98},"dir",[47,34308,78],{"class":77},[47,34310,7601],{"class":81},[47,34312,123],{"class":77},[20,34314,165,34315,34318],{},[15,34316,34317],{},"dir(object)"," to see the attributes and methods available on that object.",[20,34320,34321],{},"Example output will include names such as:",[38,34323,34325],{"className":40,"code":34324,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__doc__', ..., 'lower', 'split', 'upper']\n",[15,34326,34327],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,34328,34329,34331,34333,34336,34338,34340,34342,34345,34347,34349,34351,34354,34356,34358,34360,34363,34365,34367,34369,34372,34374,34376,34378,34381,34383,34385,34389,34391,34393,34395,34397,34399,34401,34404,34406,34408,34410,34413,34415],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,34330,736],{"class":77},[47,34332,159],{"class":151},[47,34334,34335],{"class":155},"__add__",[47,34337,159],{"class":151},[47,34339,668],{"class":77},[47,34341,152],{"class":151},[47,34343,34344],{"class":155},"__class__",[47,34346,159],{"class":151},[47,34348,668],{"class":77},[47,34350,152],{"class":151},[47,34352,34353],{"class":155},"__contains__",[47,34355,159],{"class":151},[47,34357,668],{"class":77},[47,34359,152],{"class":151},[47,34361,34362],{"class":155},"__delattr__",[47,34364,159],{"class":151},[47,34366,668],{"class":77},[47,34368,152],{"class":151},[47,34370,34371],{"class":155},"__dir__",[47,34373,159],{"class":151},[47,34375,668],{"class":77},[47,34377,152],{"class":151},[47,34379,34380],{"class":155},"__doc__",[47,34382,159],{"class":151},[47,34384,668],{"class":77},[47,34386,34388],{"class":34387},"s_hVV"," ...",[47,34390,668],{"class":77},[47,34392,152],{"class":151},[47,34394,8571],{"class":155},[47,34396,159],{"class":151},[47,34398,668],{"class":77},[47,34400,152],{"class":151},[47,34402,34403],{"class":155},"split",[47,34405,159],{"class":151},[47,34407,668],{"class":77},[47,34409,152],{"class":151},[47,34411,34412],{"class":155},"upper",[47,34414,159],{"class":151},[47,34416,679],{"class":77},[20,34418,34419],{},"Notice that the result is a list of strings.",[33,34421,172,34423,175],{"id":34422},"what-dir-does",[15,34424,34245],{},[20,34426,34427,34429],{},[15,34428,34245],{}," shows the names available on an object.",[20,34431,34432],{},"It usually includes:",[185,34434,34435,34438,34441],{},[188,34436,34437],{},"attributes",[188,34439,34440],{},"methods",[188,34442,34443],{},"special Python names",[20,34445,1515],{},[185,34447,34448,34454,34457],{},[188,34449,34450,34451],{},"The result is a ",[127,34452,34453],{},"list of strings",[188,34455,34456],{},"Each string is the name of something available on that object",[188,34458,34459],{},"It is often used for exploration and debugging",[20,34461,34462,34463,34465],{},"For example, if you want to know what you can do with a string, ",[15,34464,34245],{}," gives you a list of available names.",[33,34467,245],{"id":244},[20,34469,34470,34472],{},[15,34471,34245],{}," can be used in two main ways.",[373,34474,34476,34478],{"id":34475},"dir-with-no-argument",[15,34477,34245],{}," with no argument",[20,34480,34481],{},"This shows names in the current scope.",[38,34483,34485],{"className":40,"code":34484,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"x = 10\nname = \"Sam\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,34486,34487,34495,34507,34511],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,34488,34489,34491,34493],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,34490,2967],{"class":53},[47,34492,58],{"class":57},[47,34494,391],{"class":61},[47,34496,34497,34499,34501,34503,34505],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,34498,810],{"class":53},[47,34500,58],{"class":57},[47,34502,303],{"class":151},[47,34504,7610],{"class":155},[47,34506,820],{"class":151},[47,34508,34509],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,34510,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,34512,34513,34515,34517,34519],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,34514,99],{"class":98},[47,34516,78],{"class":77},[47,34518,34306],{"class":98},[47,34520,7127],{"class":77},[20,34522,34523,34524,4329,34526,34528],{},"This will show names such as ",[15,34525,2131],{},[15,34527,7601],{},", along with other names available in that scope.",[373,34530,34532],{"id":34531},"dirobject",[15,34533,34317],{},[20,34535,34536],{},"This shows names related to a specific object.",[38,34538,34540],{"className":40,"code":34539,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(dir(\"hello\"))\nprint(dir([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,34541,34542,34560],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,34543,34544,34546,34548,34550,34552,34554,34556,34558],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,34545,99],{"class":98},[47,34547,78],{"class":77},[47,34549,34306],{"class":98},[47,34551,78],{"class":77},[47,34553,309],{"class":151},[47,34555,3781],{"class":155},[47,34557,309],{"class":151},[47,34559,123],{"class":77},[47,34561,34562,34564,34566,34568,34570,34572,34574,34576,34578,34580],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,34563,99],{"class":98},[47,34565,78],{"class":77},[47,34567,34306],{"class":98},[47,34569,2928],{"class":77},[47,34571,665],{"class":61},[47,34573,668],{"class":77},[47,34575,671],{"class":61},[47,34577,668],{"class":77},[47,34579,676],{"class":61},[47,34581,2941],{"class":77},[20,34583,34584],{},"Common objects you might inspect:",[185,34586,34587,34589,34591,34594],{},[188,34588,5241],{},[188,34590,5232],{},[188,34592,34593],{},"modules",[188,34595,34596],{},"custom objects",[33,34598,1335,34600,34602],{"id":34599},"using-dir-with-a-value",[15,34601,34245],{}," with a value",[20,34604,34605,34606,34608],{},"A common use of ",[15,34607,34245],{}," is passing in a value to see what methods it has.",[373,34610,34612],{"id":34611},"example-string-methods","Example: string methods",[38,34614,34616],{"className":40,"code":34615,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(text))\n",[15,34617,34618,34630],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,34619,34620,34622,34624,34626,34628],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,34621,68],{"class":53},[47,34623,58],{"class":57},[47,34625,303],{"class":151},[47,34627,3781],{"class":155},[47,34629,820],{"class":151},[47,34631,34632,34634,34636,34638,34640,34642],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,34633,99],{"class":98},[47,34635,78],{"class":77},[47,34637,34306],{"class":98},[47,34639,78],{"class":77},[47,34641,104],{"class":81},[47,34643,123],{"class":77},[20,34645,34646],{},"You will see method names like:",[185,34648,34649,34653,34657,34661],{},[188,34650,34651],{},[15,34652,8571],{},[188,34654,34655],{},[15,34656,34412],{},[188,34658,34659],{},[15,34660,34403],{},[188,34662,34663],{},[15,34664,8565],{},[20,34666,34667],{},"This tells you what operations are available for strings.",[373,34669,34671],{"id":34670},"example-list-methods","Example: list methods",[38,34673,34675],{"className":40,"code":34674,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(dir(numbers))\n",[15,34676,34677,34697],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,34678,34679,34681,34683,34685,34687,34689,34691,34693,34695],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,34680,3554],{"class":53},[47,34682,58],{"class":57},[47,34684,662],{"class":77},[47,34686,665],{"class":61},[47,34688,668],{"class":77},[47,34690,671],{"class":61},[47,34692,668],{"class":77},[47,34694,676],{"class":61},[47,34696,679],{"class":77},[47,34698,34699,34701,34703,34705,34707,34709],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,34700,99],{"class":98},[47,34702,78],{"class":77},[47,34704,34306],{"class":98},[47,34706,78],{"class":77},[47,34708,3584],{"class":81},[47,34710,123],{"class":77},[20,34712,34646],{},[185,34714,34715,34719,34723,34728],{},[188,34716,34717],{},[15,34718,13488],{},[188,34720,34721],{},[15,34722,26174],{},[188,34724,34725],{},[15,34726,34727],{},"remove",[188,34729,34730],{},[15,34731,34732],{},"sort",[20,34734,34735],{},"This is a good way to discover what you can do with a list.",[20,34737,34738,34739,34744,34745,34747],{},"If you are not sure what kind of object you have, ",[360,34740,34742],{"href":34741},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained",[15,34743,365],{}," can help first. Then ",[15,34746,34245],{}," can show what names are available on that object.",[33,34749,1335,34751,34478],{"id":34750},"using-dir-with-no-argument",[15,34752,34245],{},[20,34754,34755,34756,34758],{},"When used with no argument, ",[15,34757,34245],{}," shows names currently defined in your local scope.",[20,34760,34761],{},"This is useful when working in the Python shell.",[38,34763,34765],{"className":40,"code":34764,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"x = 5\n\ndef greet():\n    return \"Hello\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,34766,34767,34776,34780,34791,34803,34807],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,34768,34769,34771,34773],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,34770,2967],{"class":53},[47,34772,58],{"class":57},[47,34774,34775],{"class":61}," 5\n",[47,34777,34778],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,34779,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,34781,34782,34785,34789],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,34783,34784],{"class":147},"def",[47,34786,34788],{"class":34787},"sGLFI"," greet",[47,34790,21531],{"class":77},[47,34792,34793,34796,34798,34801],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,34794,34795],{"class":3812},"    return",[47,34797,303],{"class":151},[47,34799,34800],{"class":155},"Hello",[47,34802,820],{"class":151},[47,34804,34805],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,34806,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,34808,34809,34811,34813,34815],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,34810,99],{"class":98},[47,34812,78],{"class":77},[47,34814,34306],{"class":98},[47,34816,7127],{"class":77},[20,34818,34819],{},"The output will include names like:",[185,34821,34822,34826],{},[188,34823,34824],{},[15,34825,2131],{},[188,34827,34828],{},[15,34829,34830],{},"greet",[20,34832,34833],{},"This is helpful for checking:",[185,34835,34836,34839,34842],{},[188,34837,34838],{},"what variables exist",[188,34840,34841],{},"what functions you have defined",[188,34843,34844],{},"what names are currently available",[20,34846,34847],{},"It is especially useful while experimenting in the interactive Python shell.",[33,34849,34851],{"id":34850},"how-to-read-the-output","How to read the output",[20,34853,34854,34855,34857],{},"When you first use ",[15,34856,34245],{},", the output can look overwhelming.",[20,34859,800],{},[38,34861,34862],{"className":40,"code":34615,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,34863,34864,34876],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,34865,34866,34868,34870,34872,34874],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,34867,68],{"class":53},[47,34869,58],{"class":57},[47,34871,303],{"class":151},[47,34873,3781],{"class":155},[47,34875,820],{"class":151},[47,34877,34878,34880,34882,34884,34886,34888],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,34879,99],{"class":98},[47,34881,78],{"class":77},[47,34883,34306],{"class":98},[47,34885,78],{"class":77},[47,34887,104],{"class":81},[47,34889,123],{"class":77},[20,34891,34892],{},"You will probably see many names that start and end with double underscores, such as:",[185,34894,34895,34899,34903],{},[188,34896,34897],{},[15,34898,34344],{},[188,34900,34901],{},[15,34902,34380],{},[188,34904,34905],{},[15,34906,34907],{},"__len__",[20,34909,34910],{},"These are special Python names used by the language itself.",[20,34912,34913],{},"As a beginner, it is usually better to focus first on regular method names such as:",[185,34915,34916,34920,34924,34928],{},[188,34917,34918],{},[15,34919,34412],{},[188,34921,34922],{},[15,34923,8571],{},[188,34925,34926],{},[15,34927,34403],{},[188,34929,34930],{},[15,34931,34932],{},"replace",[20,34934,34935],{},"A key point to remember:",[185,34937,34938,34946],{},[188,34939,34940,34942,34943],{},[15,34941,34245],{}," lists ",[127,34944,34945],{},"names only",[188,34947,34948,34949,34951],{},"it does ",[127,34950,768],{}," explain what each name does",[20,34953,34954,34955,914],{},"If you want an explanation of a method, use ",[360,34956,34958],{"href":34957},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained",[15,34959,34960],{},"help()",[20,34962,5405],{},[38,34964,34966],{"className":40,"code":34965,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"hello\"\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,34967,34968,34980],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,34969,34970,34972,34974,34976,34978],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,34971,810],{"class":53},[47,34973,58],{"class":57},[47,34975,303],{"class":151},[47,34977,3781],{"class":155},[47,34979,820],{"class":151},[47,34981,34982,34984,34986,34988,34990,34992],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,34983,32087],{"class":98},[47,34985,78],{"class":77},[47,34987,7601],{"class":81},[47,34989,914],{"class":77},[47,34991,34412],{"class":24685},[47,34993,85],{"class":77},[33,34995,34997,34999],{"id":34996},"dir-on-modules",[15,34998,34245],{}," on modules",[20,35001,15649,35002,35004],{},[15,35003,34245],{}," on modules after importing them.",[20,35006,35007],{},"This is useful when you want to explore what a module provides.",[373,35009,35011,35012,35014],{"id":35010},"example-math-module","Example: ",[15,35013,18352],{}," module",[38,35016,35018],{"className":40,"code":35017,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"import math\n\nprint(dir(math))\n",[15,35019,35020,35028,35032],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,35021,35022,35025],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,35023,35024],{"class":3812},"import",[47,35026,35027],{"class":53}," math\n",[47,35029,35030],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,35031,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,35033,35034,35036,35038,35040,35042,35044],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,35035,99],{"class":98},[47,35037,78],{"class":77},[47,35039,34306],{"class":98},[47,35041,78],{"class":77},[47,35043,18352],{"class":81},[47,35045,123],{"class":77},[20,35047,35048],{},"You may see names like:",[185,35050,35051,35056,35061,35066],{},[188,35052,35053],{},[15,35054,35055],{},"sqrt",[188,35057,35058],{},[15,35059,35060],{},"ceil",[188,35062,35063],{},[15,35064,35065],{},"floor",[188,35067,35068],{},[15,35069,35070],{},"pi",[20,35072,35073],{},"This helps you discover available functions and constants.",[20,35075,35076],{},"If you are exploring modules, these pages may help too:",[185,35078,35079,35085],{},[188,35080,35081],{},[360,35082,35084],{"href":35083},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-modules-explained","Python modules explained",[188,35086,35087],{},[360,35088,35090],{"href":35089},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview","Python math module overview",[373,35092,35094],{"id":35093},"another-example","Another example",[38,35096,35098],{"className":40,"code":35097,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"import json\n\nprint(dir(json))\n",[15,35099,35100,35107,35111],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,35101,35102,35104],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,35103,35024],{"class":3812},[47,35105,35106],{"class":53}," json\n",[47,35108,35109],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,35110,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,35112,35113,35115,35117,35119,35121,35124],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,35114,99],{"class":98},[47,35116,78],{"class":77},[47,35118,34306],{"class":98},[47,35120,78],{"class":77},[47,35122,35123],{"class":81},"json",[47,35125,123],{"class":77},[20,35127,35128,35129,1752,35132,1752,35135,17008,35138,914],{},"This can help you quickly spot useful names such as ",[15,35130,35131],{},"dump",[15,35133,35134],{},"dumps",[15,35136,35137],{},"load",[15,35139,35140],{},"loads",[33,35142,35144,920,35146],{"id":35143},"dir-vs-help",[15,35145,34245],{},[15,35147,34960],{},[20,35149,35150,4329,35152,35154],{},[15,35151,34245],{},[15,35153,34960],{}," are often used together.",[373,35156,35157],{"id":34306},[15,35158,34245],{},[185,35160,35161,35164],{},[188,35162,35163],{},"shows available names",[188,35165,35166],{},"helps you discover methods and attributes",[373,35168,35169],{"id":32087},[15,35170,34960],{},[185,35172,35173,35176],{},[188,35174,35175],{},"explains what an object or function does",[188,35177,35178],{},"shows usage details and documentation",[20,35180,35181],{},"A common beginner workflow looks like this:",[38,35183,35185],{"className":40,"code":35184,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35186,35187,35199,35203,35217],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,35188,35189,35191,35193,35195,35197],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,35190,810],{"class":53},[47,35192,58],{"class":57},[47,35194,303],{"class":151},[47,35196,3781],{"class":155},[47,35198,820],{"class":151},[47,35200,35201],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,35202,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,35204,35205,35207,35209,35211,35213,35215],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,35206,99],{"class":98},[47,35208,78],{"class":77},[47,35210,34306],{"class":98},[47,35212,78],{"class":77},[47,35214,7601],{"class":81},[47,35216,123],{"class":77},[47,35218,35219,35221,35223,35225,35227,35229],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,35220,32087],{"class":98},[47,35222,78],{"class":77},[47,35224,7601],{"class":81},[47,35226,914],{"class":77},[47,35228,34412],{"class":24685},[47,35230,85],{"class":77},[20,35232,165,35233,35235,35236,35238,35239,35241],{},[15,35234,34245],{}," first to find a method name.",[9778,35237],{},"\nThen use ",[15,35240,34960],{}," to understand how to use it.",[33,35243,25292],{"id":25291},[20,35245,35246],{},"Here are a few things that often confuse beginners.",[373,35248,35250,35252],{"id":35249},"dir-returns-names-not-values",[15,35251,34245],{}," returns names, not values",[20,35254,35255,35257],{},[15,35256,34245],{}," does not give you the actual value of an attribute. It only gives you its name.",[20,35259,35260,35261,35263,35264,35267],{},"For example, seeing ",[15,35262,34412],{}," in ",[15,35265,35266],{},"dir(\"hello\")"," does not run the method. It only tells you the method exists.",[373,35269,35271],{"id":35270},"not-every-name-is-for-everyday-use","Not every name is for everyday use",[20,35273,35274],{},"Many names in the output are special Python internals, especially names with double underscores.",[20,35276,35277],{},"Beginners usually do not need most of these right away.",[373,35279,35281],{"id":35280},"output-can-vary","Output can vary",[20,35283,35284],{},"The exact output depends on the object type.",[20,35286,5405],{},[185,35288,35289,35294,35300],{},[188,35290,35291,35293],{},[15,35292,35266],{}," shows string-related names",[188,35295,35296,35299],{},[15,35297,35298],{},"dir([1, 2, 3])"," shows list-related names",[188,35301,35302,35305,35306,35014],{},[15,35303,35304],{},"dir(math)"," shows names from the ",[15,35307,18352],{},[373,35309,35311],{"id":35310},"a-name-existing-does-not-mean-you-know-how-to-call-it","A name existing does not mean you know how to call it",[20,35313,35314,35315,35317],{},"Just because a method appears in ",[15,35316,34245],{}," does not mean you already know:",[185,35319,35320,35323,35326],{},[188,35321,35322],{},"what it does",[188,35324,35325],{},"what arguments it needs",[188,35327,35328],{},"what it returns",[20,35330,35331,35332,35334],{},"That is why ",[15,35333,34960],{}," is the natural next step.",[33,35336,2775],{"id":2774},[20,35338,35339,35340,35342],{},"Beginners often use ",[15,35341,34245],{}," in these situations:",[185,35344,35345,35348,35357,35360],{},[188,35346,35347],{},"Trying to understand what methods are available on a string, list, or dictionary",[188,35349,35350,35351,35356],{},"Seeing an ",[360,35352,35354],{"href":35353},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix",[15,35355,25606],{}," and wanting to check valid attribute names",[188,35358,35359],{},"Exploring a module without knowing its functions",[188,35361,1335,35362,35364,35365],{},[15,35363,34245],{}," output without following up with documentation or ",[15,35366,34960],{},[20,35368,35369],{},"A simple debugging workflow is:",[38,35371,35373],{"className":40,"code":35372,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(type(name))\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35374,35375,35387,35391,35405,35419],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,35376,35377,35379,35381,35383,35385],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,35378,810],{"class":53},[47,35380,58],{"class":57},[47,35382,303],{"class":151},[47,35384,3781],{"class":155},[47,35386,820],{"class":151},[47,35388,35389],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,35390,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,35392,35393,35395,35397,35399,35401,35403],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,35394,99],{"class":98},[47,35396,78],{"class":77},[47,35398,116],{"class":73},[47,35400,78],{"class":77},[47,35402,7601],{"class":81},[47,35404,123],{"class":77},[47,35406,35407,35409,35411,35413,35415,35417],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,35408,99],{"class":98},[47,35410,78],{"class":77},[47,35412,34306],{"class":98},[47,35414,78],{"class":77},[47,35416,7601],{"class":81},[47,35418,123],{"class":77},[47,35420,35421,35423,35425,35427,35429,35431],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,35422,32087],{"class":98},[47,35424,78],{"class":77},[47,35426,7601],{"class":81},[47,35428,914],{"class":77},[47,35430,34412],{"class":24685},[47,35432,85],{"class":77},[20,35434,35435],{},"And for modules:",[38,35437,35438],{"className":40,"code":35017,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,35439,35440,35446,35450],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,35441,35442,35444],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,35443,35024],{"class":3812},[47,35445,35027],{"class":53},[47,35447,35448],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,35449,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,35451,35452,35454,35456,35458,35460,35462],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,35453,99],{"class":98},[47,35455,78],{"class":77},[47,35457,34306],{"class":98},[47,35459,78],{"class":77},[47,35461,18352],{"class":81},[47,35463,123],{"class":77},[20,35465,35466],{},"You can try the same commands in the Python shell:",[38,35468,35470],{"className":40,"code":35469,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"python\nname = \"hello\"\ndir(name)\nhelp(name.upper)\nimport math\ndir(math)\n",[15,35471,35472,35477,35489,35499,35513,35519],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,35473,35474],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,35475,35476],{"class":53},"python\n",[47,35478,35479,35481,35483,35485,35487],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,35480,810],{"class":53},[47,35482,58],{"class":57},[47,35484,303],{"class":151},[47,35486,3781],{"class":155},[47,35488,820],{"class":151},[47,35490,35491,35493,35495,35497],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,35492,34306],{"class":98},[47,35494,78],{"class":77},[47,35496,7601],{"class":81},[47,35498,85],{"class":77},[47,35500,35501,35503,35505,35507,35509,35511],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,35502,32087],{"class":98},[47,35504,78],{"class":77},[47,35506,7601],{"class":81},[47,35508,914],{"class":77},[47,35510,34412],{"class":24685},[47,35512,85],{"class":77},[47,35514,35515,35517],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,35516,35024],{"class":3812},[47,35518,35027],{"class":53},[47,35520,35521,35523,35525,35527],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,35522,34306],{"class":98},[47,35524,78],{"class":77},[47,35526,18352],{"class":81},[47,35528,85],{"class":77},[33,35530,1762],{"id":1761},[373,35532,1766,35534,1769],{"id":35533},"what-does-dir-return-in-python",[15,35535,34245],{},[20,35537,35538],{},"It returns a list of strings containing attribute and method names for an object, or names in the current scope when called with no argument.",[373,35540,5111,35542,4329,35544,1812],{"id":35541},"what-is-the-difference-between-dir-and-help",[15,35543,34245],{},[15,35545,34960],{},[20,35547,35548,35550,35551,35553],{},[15,35549,34245],{}," lists available names. ",[15,35552,34960],{}," gives documentation and usage details.",[373,35555,35557,35558,35560],{"id":35556},"why-do-i-see-names-with-double-underscores-in-dir-output","Why do I see names with double underscores in ",[15,35559,34245],{}," output?",[20,35562,35563],{},"Those are special Python attributes and methods used internally by the language.",[373,35565,1786,35567,35569,35570,1812],{"id":35566},"can-dir-help-fix-attributeerror",[15,35568,34245],{}," help fix ",[15,35571,25606],{},[20,35573,35574,35575,914],{},"Yes. It can show which attribute names actually exist on an object. This makes it useful when debugging an error like ",[360,35576,35577],{"href":35353},"object has no attribute",[33,35579,1825],{"id":1824},[185,35581,35582,35588,35593,35597,35601],{},[188,35583,35584],{},[360,35585,13,35586,1834],{"href":34957},[15,35587,34960],{},[188,35589,35590],{},[360,35591,35592],{"href":35353},"AttributeError: object has no attribute fix",[188,35594,35595],{},[360,35596,35084],{"href":35083},[188,35598,35599],{},[360,35600,35090],{"href":35089},[188,35602,35603],{},[360,35604,13,35605,1834],{"href":34741},[15,35606,365],{},[20,35608,35609,35610,35612,35613,35615],{},"A good habit is to use ",[15,35611,34245],{}," together with ",[15,35614,34960],{}," in the Python shell. It is one of the fastest ways to explore objects and learn Python methods as you go.",[1875,35617,35618],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":65,"depth":65,"links":35620},[35621,35622,35624,35629,35634,35636,35637,35643,35648,35655,35656,35666],{"id":35,"depth":65,"text":36},{"id":34422,"depth":65,"text":35623},"What dir() does",{"id":244,"depth":65,"text":245,"children":35625},[35626,35628],{"id":34475,"depth":88,"text":35627},"dir() with no argument",{"id":34531,"depth":88,"text":34317},{"id":34599,"depth":65,"text":35630,"children":35631},"Using dir() with a value",[35632,35633],{"id":34611,"depth":88,"text":34612},{"id":34670,"depth":88,"text":34671},{"id":34750,"depth":65,"text":35635},"Using dir() with no argument",{"id":34850,"depth":65,"text":34851},{"id":34996,"depth":65,"text":35638,"children":35639},"dir() on modules",[35640,35642],{"id":35010,"depth":88,"text":35641},"Example: math module",{"id":35093,"depth":88,"text":35094},{"id":35143,"depth":65,"text":35644,"children":35645},"dir() vs help()",[35646,35647],{"id":34306,"depth":88,"text":34245},{"id":32087,"depth":88,"text":34960},{"id":25291,"depth":65,"text":25292,"children":35649},[35650,35652,35653,35654],{"id":35249,"depth":88,"text":35651},"dir() returns names, not values",{"id":35270,"depth":88,"text":35271},{"id":35280,"depth":88,"text":35281},{"id":35310,"depth":88,"text":35311},{"id":2774,"depth":65,"text":2775},{"id":1761,"depth":65,"text":1762,"children":35657},[35658,35660,35662,35664],{"id":35533,"depth":88,"text":35659},"What does dir() return in Python?",{"id":35541,"depth":88,"text":35661},"What is the difference between dir() and help()?",{"id":35556,"depth":88,"text":35663},"Why do I see names with double underscores in dir() output?",{"id":35566,"depth":88,"text":35665},"Can dir() help fix AttributeError?",{"id":1824,"depth":65,"text":1825},"Master python dir function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained",{"title":34237,"description":35667},"reference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained","GdcucA4RY69afXDO9saBTHeJ2twMUyCItdFzeLoSsyo",{"id":35674,"title":35675,"body":35676,"description":37494,"extension":1922,"meta":37495,"navigation":91,"path":37496,"seo":37497,"stem":37498,"__hash__":37499},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained.md","Python enumerate() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":35677,"toc":37463},[35678,35684,35689,35692,35700,35706,35708,35788,35790,35816,35821,35826,35831,35834,35845,35848,35850,35928,35930,35956,35963,35965,35967,35992,35995,36008,36013,36015,36096,36098,36124,36133,36138,36146,36152,36159,36162,36164,36243,36246,36303,36305,36342,36348,36353,36358,36360,36374,36376,36479,36481,36524,36533,36543,36550,36556,36563,36646,36648,36671,36674,36677,36679,36683,36687,36690,36753,36776,36779,36783,36789,36791,36858,36861,36938,36943,36949,36952,36955,37001,37003,37027,37032,37036,37041,37047,37110,37113,37115,37118,37143,37146,37281,37283,37384,37386,37391,37394,37400,37410,37418,37423,37429,37435,37437,37460],[10,35679,13,35681,18],{"id":35680},"python-enumerate-function-explained",[15,35682,35683],{},"enumerate()",[20,35685,35686,35688],{},[15,35687,35683],{}," is a built-in Python function that helps you loop through items while also keeping track of their position.",[20,35690,35691],{},"It is useful when you need both:",[185,35693,35694,35697],{},[188,35695,35696],{},"the item itself",[188,35698,35699],{},"its index in the loop",[20,35701,35702,35703,35705],{},"Beginners often use a manual counter variable for this, but ",[15,35704,35683],{}," is usually cleaner and easier to read.",[33,35707,36],{"id":35},[38,35709,35711],{"className":40,"code":35710,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,35712,35713,35745,35749,35772],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,35714,35715,35717,35719,35721,35723,35725,35727,35729,35731,35733,35735,35737,35739,35741,35743],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,35716,13010],{"class":53},[47,35718,58],{"class":57},[47,35720,662],{"class":77},[47,35722,309],{"class":151},[47,35724,13027],{"class":155},[47,35726,309],{"class":151},[47,35728,668],{"class":77},[47,35730,303],{"class":151},[47,35732,17390],{"class":155},[47,35734,309],{"class":151},[47,35736,668],{"class":77},[47,35738,303],{"class":151},[47,35740,13044],{"class":155},[47,35742,309],{"class":151},[47,35744,679],{"class":77},[47,35746,35747],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,35748,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,35750,35751,35753,35756,35758,35761,35763,35766,35768,35770],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,35752,5892],{"class":3812},[47,35754,35755],{"class":53}," index",[47,35757,668],{"class":77},[47,35759,35760],{"class":53}," color ",[47,35762,3819],{"class":3812},[47,35764,35765],{"class":98}," enumerate",[47,35767,78],{"class":77},[47,35769,17437],{"class":81},[47,35771,8273],{"class":77},[47,35773,35774,35776,35778,35781,35783,35786],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,35775,8000],{"class":98},[47,35777,78],{"class":77},[47,35779,35780],{"class":81},"index",[47,35782,668],{"class":77},[47,35784,35785],{"class":81}," color",[47,35787,85],{"class":77},[20,35789,129],{},[38,35791,35793],{"className":40,"code":35792,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"0 red\n1 green\n2 blue\n",[15,35794,35795,35802,35809],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,35796,35797,35799],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,35798,2077],{"class":61},[47,35800,35801],{"class":53}," red\n",[47,35803,35804,35806],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,35805,665],{"class":61},[47,35807,35808],{"class":53}," green\n",[47,35810,35811,35813],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,35812,2016],{"class":61},[47,35814,35815],{"class":53}," blue\n",[20,35817,165,35818,35820],{},[15,35819,35683],{}," when you need both the item and its position in a loop.",[33,35822,172,35824,175],{"id":35823},"what-enumerate-does",[15,35825,35683],{},[20,35827,35828,35830],{},[15,35829,35683],{}," lets you loop over an iterable and get both the index and the value at the same time.",[20,35832,35833],{},"It is commonly used with:",[185,35835,35836,35838,35840,35842],{},[188,35837,5232],{},[188,35839,5235],{},[188,35841,5241],{},[188,35843,35844],{},"other iterable objects",[20,35846,35847],{},"This helps you avoid writing and updating your own counter variable.",[20,35849,800],{},[38,35851,35853],{"className":40,"code":35852,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor index, name in enumerate(names):\n    print(index, name)\n",[15,35854,35855,35889,35893,35913],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,35856,35857,35859,35861,35863,35865,35867,35869,35871,35873,35876,35878,35880,35882,35885,35887],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,35858,4929],{"class":53},[47,35860,58],{"class":57},[47,35862,662],{"class":77},[47,35864,309],{"class":151},[47,35866,12814],{"class":155},[47,35868,309],{"class":151},[47,35870,668],{"class":77},[47,35872,303],{"class":151},[47,35874,35875],{"class":155},"Ben",[47,35877,309],{"class":151},[47,35879,668],{"class":77},[47,35881,303],{"class":151},[47,35883,35884],{"class":155},"Cara",[47,35886,309],{"class":151},[47,35888,679],{"class":77},[47,35890,35891],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,35892,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,35894,35895,35897,35899,35901,35903,35905,35907,35909,35911],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,35896,5892],{"class":3812},[47,35898,35755],{"class":53},[47,35900,668],{"class":77},[47,35902,841],{"class":53},[47,35904,3819],{"class":3812},[47,35906,35765],{"class":98},[47,35908,78],{"class":77},[47,35910,4973],{"class":81},[47,35912,8273],{"class":77},[47,35914,35915,35917,35919,35921,35923,35926],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,35916,8000],{"class":98},[47,35918,78],{"class":77},[47,35920,35780],{"class":81},[47,35922,668],{"class":77},[47,35924,35925],{"class":81}," name",[47,35927,85],{"class":77},[20,35929,129],{},[38,35931,35933],{"className":40,"code":35932,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"0 Ana\n1 Ben\n2 Cara\n",[15,35934,35935,35942,35949],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,35936,35937,35939],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,35938,2077],{"class":61},[47,35940,35941],{"class":53}," Ana\n",[47,35943,35944,35946],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,35945,665],{"class":61},[47,35947,35948],{"class":53}," Ben\n",[47,35950,35951,35953],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,35952,2016],{"class":61},[47,35954,35955],{"class":53}," Cara\n",[20,35957,35958,35959,914],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with loops, see ",[360,35960,35962],{"href":35961},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained\u002F","Python for loops explained",[33,35964,245],{"id":244},[20,35966,2117],{},[38,35968,35970],{"className":40,"code":35969,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"enumerate(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,35971,35972],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,35973,35974,35977,35979,35981,35983,35986,35988,35990],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,35975,35976],{"class":98},"enumerate",[47,35978,78],{"class":77},[47,35980,3655],{"class":81},[47,35982,668],{"class":77},[47,35984,35985],{"class":9108}," start",[47,35987,58],{"class":57},[47,35989,2077],{"class":61},[47,35991,85],{"class":77},[20,35993,35994],{},"It has two parts:",[185,35996,35997,36002],{},[188,35998,35999,36001],{},[15,36000,3655],{},": the object you want to loop through",[188,36003,36004,36007],{},[15,36005,36006],{},"start",": the number to begin counting from",[20,36009,36010,36011,914],{},"By default, counting starts at ",[15,36012,2077],{},[20,36014,800],{},[38,36016,36018],{"className":40,"code":36017,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i, letter in enumerate(letters):\n    print(i, letter)\n",[15,36019,36020,36053,36057,36080],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,36021,36022,36025,36027,36029,36031,36033,36035,36037,36039,36041,36043,36045,36047,36049,36051],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,36023,36024],{"class":53},"letters ",[47,36026,58],{"class":57},[47,36028,662],{"class":77},[47,36030,309],{"class":151},[47,36032,360],{"class":155},[47,36034,309],{"class":151},[47,36036,668],{"class":77},[47,36038,303],{"class":151},[47,36040,4696],{"class":155},[47,36042,309],{"class":151},[47,36044,668],{"class":77},[47,36046,303],{"class":151},[47,36048,9671],{"class":155},[47,36050,309],{"class":151},[47,36052,679],{"class":77},[47,36054,36055],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,36056,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,36058,36059,36061,36064,36066,36069,36071,36073,36075,36078],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,36060,5892],{"class":3812},[47,36062,36063],{"class":53}," i",[47,36065,668],{"class":77},[47,36067,36068],{"class":53}," letter ",[47,36070,3819],{"class":3812},[47,36072,35765],{"class":98},[47,36074,78],{"class":77},[47,36076,36077],{"class":81},"letters",[47,36079,8273],{"class":77},[47,36081,36082,36084,36086,36089,36091,36094],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,36083,8000],{"class":98},[47,36085,78],{"class":77},[47,36087,36088],{"class":81},"i",[47,36090,668],{"class":77},[47,36092,36093],{"class":81}," letter",[47,36095,85],{"class":77},[20,36097,129],{},[38,36099,36101],{"className":40,"code":36100,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"0 a\n1 b\n2 c\n",[15,36102,36103,36110,36117],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,36104,36105,36107],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,36106,2077],{"class":61},[47,36108,36109],{"class":53}," a\n",[47,36111,36112,36114],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,36113,665],{"class":61},[47,36115,36116],{"class":53}," b\n",[47,36118,36119,36121],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,36120,2016],{"class":61},[47,36122,36123],{"class":53}," c\n",[20,36125,36126,36127,914],{},"If you want to compare this with another counting tool, see the ",[360,36128,13,36130,1834],{"href":36129},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained\u002F",[15,36131,36132],{},"range()",[33,36134,172,36136,11639],{"id":36135},"what-enumerate-returns",[15,36137,35683],{},[20,36139,36140,36142,36143,914],{},[15,36141,35683],{}," returns an ",[127,36144,36145],{},"enumerate object",[20,36147,36148,36149,36151],{},"In most cases, you use it directly in a ",[15,36150,5892],{}," loop. Each step of the loop gives you a pair:",[185,36153,36154],{},[188,36155,36156],{},[15,36157,36158],{},"(index, item)",[20,36160,36161],{},"You usually unpack that pair into two variables.",[20,36163,800],{},[38,36165,36167],{"className":40,"code":36166,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\n\nfor index, fruit in enumerate(fruits):\n    print(index, fruit)\n",[15,36168,36169,36202,36206,36228],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,36170,36171,36174,36176,36178,36180,36182,36184,36186,36188,36190,36192,36194,36196,36198,36200],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,36172,36173],{"class":53},"fruits ",[47,36175,58],{"class":57},[47,36177,662],{"class":77},[47,36179,309],{"class":151},[47,36181,1425],{"class":155},[47,36183,309],{"class":151},[47,36185,668],{"class":77},[47,36187,303],{"class":151},[47,36189,1434],{"class":155},[47,36191,309],{"class":151},[47,36193,668],{"class":77},[47,36195,303],{"class":151},[47,36197,1443],{"class":155},[47,36199,309],{"class":151},[47,36201,679],{"class":77},[47,36203,36204],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,36205,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,36207,36208,36210,36212,36214,36217,36219,36221,36223,36226],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,36209,5892],{"class":3812},[47,36211,35755],{"class":53},[47,36213,668],{"class":77},[47,36215,36216],{"class":53}," fruit ",[47,36218,3819],{"class":3812},[47,36220,35765],{"class":98},[47,36222,78],{"class":77},[47,36224,36225],{"class":81},"fruits",[47,36227,8273],{"class":77},[47,36229,36230,36232,36234,36236,36238,36241],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,36231,8000],{"class":98},[47,36233,78],{"class":77},[47,36235,35780],{"class":81},[47,36237,668],{"class":77},[47,36239,36240],{"class":81}," fruit",[47,36242,85],{"class":77},[20,36244,36245],{},"You can also convert the result to a list if you want to see all the pairs at once:",[38,36247,36249],{"className":40,"code":36248,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = list(enumerate(numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,36250,36251,36271,36275,36293],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,36252,36253,36255,36257,36259,36261,36263,36265,36267,36269],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,36254,3554],{"class":53},[47,36256,58],{"class":57},[47,36258,662],{"class":77},[47,36260,193],{"class":61},[47,36262,668],{"class":77},[47,36264,7722],{"class":61},[47,36266,668],{"class":77},[47,36268,7727],{"class":61},[47,36270,679],{"class":77},[47,36272,36273],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,36274,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,36276,36277,36279,36281,36283,36285,36287,36289,36291],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,36278,2184],{"class":53},[47,36280,58],{"class":57},[47,36282,22494],{"class":73},[47,36284,78],{"class":77},[47,36286,35976],{"class":98},[47,36288,78],{"class":77},[47,36290,3584],{"class":81},[47,36292,123],{"class":77},[47,36294,36295,36297,36299,36301],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,36296,99],{"class":98},[47,36298,78],{"class":77},[47,36300,2218],{"class":81},[47,36302,85],{"class":77},[20,36304,129],{},[38,36306,36308],{"className":40,"code":36307,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n",[15,36309,36310],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,36311,36312,36314,36316,36318,36320,36322,36324,36326,36328,36330,36332,36334,36336,36338,36340],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,36313,21675],{"class":77},[47,36315,2077],{"class":61},[47,36317,668],{"class":77},[47,36319,5939],{"class":61},[47,36321,9166],{"class":77},[47,36323,9169],{"class":77},[47,36325,665],{"class":61},[47,36327,668],{"class":77},[47,36329,7722],{"class":61},[47,36331,9166],{"class":77},[47,36333,9169],{"class":77},[47,36335,2016],{"class":61},[47,36337,668],{"class":77},[47,36339,7727],{"class":61},[47,36341,9182],{"class":77},[20,36343,36344,36345,36347],{},"This is a good way to understand what ",[15,36346,35683],{}," produces.",[33,36349,773,36351],{"id":36350},"when-to-use-enumerate",[15,36352,35683],{},[20,36354,165,36355,36357],{},[15,36356,35683],{}," when you need the item number while looping.",[20,36359,783],{},[185,36361,36362,36365,36368,36371],{},[188,36363,36364],{},"printing numbered output",[188,36366,36367],{},"building menus",[188,36369,36370],{},"showing positions in a list",[188,36372,36373],{},"looping over both index and value together",[20,36375,800],{},[38,36377,36379],{"className":40,"code":36378,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"tasks = [\"Wash dishes\", \"Study Python\", \"Go for a walk\"]\n\nfor number, task in enumerate(tasks, start=1):\n    print(f\"{number}. {task}\")\n",[15,36380,36381,36416,36420,36450],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,36382,36383,36385,36387,36389,36391,36394,36396,36398,36400,36403,36405,36407,36409,36412,36414],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,36384,29832],{"class":53},[47,36386,58],{"class":57},[47,36388,662],{"class":77},[47,36390,309],{"class":151},[47,36392,36393],{"class":155},"Wash dishes",[47,36395,309],{"class":151},[47,36397,668],{"class":77},[47,36399,303],{"class":151},[47,36401,36402],{"class":155},"Study Python",[47,36404,309],{"class":151},[47,36406,668],{"class":77},[47,36408,303],{"class":151},[47,36410,36411],{"class":155},"Go for a walk",[47,36413,309],{"class":151},[47,36415,679],{"class":77},[47,36417,36418],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,36419,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,36421,36422,36424,36426,36428,36431,36433,36435,36437,36440,36442,36444,36446,36448],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,36423,5892],{"class":3812},[47,36425,2152],{"class":53},[47,36427,668],{"class":77},[47,36429,36430],{"class":53}," task ",[47,36432,3819],{"class":3812},[47,36434,35765],{"class":98},[47,36436,78],{"class":77},[47,36438,36439],{"class":81},"tasks",[47,36441,668],{"class":77},[47,36443,35985],{"class":9108},[47,36445,58],{"class":57},[47,36447,665],{"class":61},[47,36449,8273],{"class":77},[47,36451,36452,36454,36456,36458,36460,36462,36464,36466,36468,36470,36473,36475,36477],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,36453,8000],{"class":98},[47,36455,78],{"class":77},[47,36457,22228],{"class":147},[47,36459,309],{"class":155},[47,36461,9211],{"class":61},[47,36463,404],{"class":81},[47,36465,22237],{"class":61},[47,36467,28247],{"class":155},[47,36469,9211],{"class":61},[47,36471,36472],{"class":81},"task",[47,36474,22237],{"class":61},[47,36476,309],{"class":155},[47,36478,85],{"class":77},[20,36480,129],{},[38,36482,36484],{"className":40,"code":36483,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"1. Wash dishes\n2. Study Python\n3. Go for a walk\n",[15,36485,36486,36498,36510],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,36487,36488,36490,36492,36495],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,36489,665],{"class":61},[47,36491,914],{"class":77},[47,36493,36494],{"class":24685}," Wash",[47,36496,36497],{"class":53}," dishes\n",[47,36499,36500,36502,36504,36507],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,36501,2016],{"class":61},[47,36503,914],{"class":77},[47,36505,36506],{"class":24685}," Study",[47,36508,36509],{"class":53}," Python\n",[47,36511,36512,36514,36516,36519,36521],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,36513,2021],{"class":61},[47,36515,914],{"class":77},[47,36517,36518],{"class":24685}," Go",[47,36520,3813],{"class":3812},[47,36522,36523],{"class":53}," a walk\n",[20,36525,36526,36527,36529,36530,914],{},"If you need both the index and the value, ",[15,36528,35683],{}," is usually easier to read than ",[15,36531,36532],{},"range(len(...))",[20,36534,36535,36536,914],{},"If you want more practical examples, see ",[360,36537,36539,36540,36542],{"href":36538},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python\u002F","how to use ",[15,36541,35683],{}," in Python",[33,36544,36546,36547,36549],{"id":36545},"using-the-start-argument","Using the ",[15,36548,36006],{}," argument",[20,36551,36552,36553,36555],{},"You can change where counting begins by passing the ",[15,36554,36006],{}," argument.",[20,36557,36558,36559,11025,36561,2826],{},"For example, if you want counting to start at ",[15,36560,665],{},[15,36562,2077],{},[38,36564,36566],{"className":40,"code":36565,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors, start=1):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,36567,36568,36600,36604,36632],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,36569,36570,36572,36574,36576,36578,36580,36582,36584,36586,36588,36590,36592,36594,36596,36598],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,36571,13010],{"class":53},[47,36573,58],{"class":57},[47,36575,662],{"class":77},[47,36577,309],{"class":151},[47,36579,13027],{"class":155},[47,36581,309],{"class":151},[47,36583,668],{"class":77},[47,36585,303],{"class":151},[47,36587,17390],{"class":155},[47,36589,309],{"class":151},[47,36591,668],{"class":77},[47,36593,303],{"class":151},[47,36595,13044],{"class":155},[47,36597,309],{"class":151},[47,36599,679],{"class":77},[47,36601,36602],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,36603,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,36605,36606,36608,36610,36612,36614,36616,36618,36620,36622,36624,36626,36628,36630],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,36607,5892],{"class":3812},[47,36609,35755],{"class":53},[47,36611,668],{"class":77},[47,36613,35760],{"class":53},[47,36615,3819],{"class":3812},[47,36617,35765],{"class":98},[47,36619,78],{"class":77},[47,36621,17437],{"class":81},[47,36623,668],{"class":77},[47,36625,35985],{"class":9108},[47,36627,58],{"class":57},[47,36629,665],{"class":61},[47,36631,8273],{"class":77},[47,36633,36634,36636,36638,36640,36642,36644],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,36635,8000],{"class":98},[47,36637,78],{"class":77},[47,36639,35780],{"class":81},[47,36641,668],{"class":77},[47,36643,35785],{"class":81},[47,36645,85],{"class":77},[20,36647,129],{},[38,36649,36651],{"className":40,"code":36650,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"1 red\n2 green\n3 blue\n",[15,36652,36653,36659,36665],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,36654,36655,36657],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,36656,665],{"class":61},[47,36658,35801],{"class":53},[47,36660,36661,36663],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,36662,2016],{"class":61},[47,36664,35808],{"class":53},[47,36666,36667,36669],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,36668,2021],{"class":61},[47,36670,35815],{"class":53},[20,36672,36673],{},"This is especially useful for user-facing output, such as menus or numbered lists.",[20,36675,36676],{},"The original iterable does not change. Only the counting value changes.",[33,36678,25292],{"id":25291},[20,36680,25295,36681,914],{},[15,36682,35683],{},[373,36684,36686],{"id":36685},"the-index-is-not-the-same-as-the-value","The index is not the same as the value",[20,36688,36689],{},"In this loop:",[38,36691,36693],{"className":40,"code":36692,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nfor index, value in enumerate(numbers):\n    print(index, value)\n",[15,36694,36695,36715,36719,36739],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,36696,36697,36699,36701,36703,36705,36707,36709,36711,36713],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,36698,3554],{"class":53},[47,36700,58],{"class":57},[47,36702,662],{"class":77},[47,36704,193],{"class":61},[47,36706,668],{"class":77},[47,36708,7722],{"class":61},[47,36710,668],{"class":77},[47,36712,7727],{"class":61},[47,36714,679],{"class":77},[47,36716,36717],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,36718,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,36720,36721,36723,36725,36727,36729,36731,36733,36735,36737],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,36722,5892],{"class":3812},[47,36724,35755],{"class":53},[47,36726,668],{"class":77},[47,36728,21520],{"class":53},[47,36730,3819],{"class":3812},[47,36732,35765],{"class":98},[47,36734,78],{"class":77},[47,36736,3584],{"class":81},[47,36738,8273],{"class":77},[47,36740,36741,36743,36745,36747,36749,36751],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,36742,8000],{"class":98},[47,36744,78],{"class":77},[47,36746,35780],{"class":81},[47,36748,668],{"class":77},[47,36750,8364],{"class":81},[47,36752,85],{"class":77},[185,36754,36755,36765],{},[188,36756,36757,849,36759,1752,36761,1752,36763],{},[15,36758,35780],{},[15,36760,2077],{},[15,36762,665],{},[15,36764,2016],{},[188,36766,36767,849,36769,1752,36771,1752,36773],{},[15,36768,585],{},[15,36770,193],{},[15,36772,15689],{},[15,36774,36775],{},"30",[20,36777,36778],{},"These are different things.",[373,36780,36782],{"id":36781},"you-must-unpack-into-two-variables","You must unpack into two variables",[20,36784,36785,36786,36788],{},"Each item from ",[15,36787,35683],{}," is a pair.",[20,36790,1275],{},[38,36792,36794],{"className":40,"code":36793,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item)\n",[15,36795,36796,36820,36824,36844],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,36797,36798,36800,36802,36804,36806,36808,36810,36812,36814,36816,36818],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,36799,657],{"class":53},[47,36801,58],{"class":57},[47,36803,662],{"class":77},[47,36805,309],{"class":151},[47,36807,2131],{"class":155},[47,36809,309],{"class":151},[47,36811,668],{"class":77},[47,36813,303],{"class":151},[47,36815,11679],{"class":155},[47,36817,309],{"class":151},[47,36819,679],{"class":77},[47,36821,36822],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,36823,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,36825,36826,36828,36830,36832,36834,36836,36838,36840,36842],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,36827,5892],{"class":3812},[47,36829,36063],{"class":53},[47,36831,668],{"class":77},[47,36833,5895],{"class":53},[47,36835,3819],{"class":3812},[47,36837,35765],{"class":98},[47,36839,78],{"class":77},[47,36841,692],{"class":81},[47,36843,8273],{"class":77},[47,36845,36846,36848,36850,36852,36854,36856],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,36847,8000],{"class":98},[47,36849,78],{"class":77},[47,36851,36088],{"class":81},[47,36853,668],{"class":77},[47,36855,29441],{"class":81},[47,36857,85],{"class":77},[20,36859,36860],{},"But this causes an error:",[38,36862,36864],{"className":40,"code":36863,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item, extra in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item, extra)\n",[15,36865,36866,36890,36894,36919],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,36867,36868,36870,36872,36874,36876,36878,36880,36882,36884,36886,36888],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,36869,657],{"class":53},[47,36871,58],{"class":57},[47,36873,662],{"class":77},[47,36875,309],{"class":151},[47,36877,2131],{"class":155},[47,36879,309],{"class":151},[47,36881,668],{"class":77},[47,36883,303],{"class":151},[47,36885,11679],{"class":155},[47,36887,309],{"class":151},[47,36889,679],{"class":77},[47,36891,36892],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,36893,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,36895,36896,36898,36900,36902,36904,36906,36909,36911,36913,36915,36917],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,36897,5892],{"class":3812},[47,36899,36063],{"class":53},[47,36901,668],{"class":77},[47,36903,29441],{"class":53},[47,36905,668],{"class":77},[47,36907,36908],{"class":53}," extra ",[47,36910,3819],{"class":3812},[47,36912,35765],{"class":98},[47,36914,78],{"class":77},[47,36916,692],{"class":81},[47,36918,8273],{"class":77},[47,36920,36921,36923,36925,36927,36929,36931,36933,36936],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,36922,8000],{"class":98},[47,36924,78],{"class":77},[47,36926,36088],{"class":81},[47,36928,668],{"class":77},[47,36930,29441],{"class":81},[47,36932,668],{"class":77},[47,36934,36935],{"class":81}," extra",[47,36937,85],{"class":77},[20,36939,28995,36940,36942],{},[15,36941,35683],{}," only gives two values each time: the index and the item.",[373,36944,36946,36948],{"id":36945},"enumerate-only-works-with-iterable-objects",[15,36947,35683],{}," only works with iterable objects",[20,36950,36951],{},"You can use it with things like lists, strings, and tuples.",[20,36953,36954],{},"Example with a string:",[38,36956,36958],{"className":40,"code":36957,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"for index, char in enumerate(\"cat\"):\n    print(index, char)\n",[15,36959,36960,36986],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,36961,36962,36964,36966,36968,36971,36973,36975,36977,36979,36982,36984],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,36963,5892],{"class":3812},[47,36965,35755],{"class":53},[47,36967,668],{"class":77},[47,36969,36970],{"class":53}," char ",[47,36972,3819],{"class":3812},[47,36974,35765],{"class":98},[47,36976,78],{"class":77},[47,36978,309],{"class":151},[47,36980,36981],{"class":155},"cat",[47,36983,309],{"class":151},[47,36985,8273],{"class":77},[47,36987,36988,36990,36992,36994,36996,36999],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,36989,8000],{"class":98},[47,36991,78],{"class":77},[47,36993,35780],{"class":81},[47,36995,668],{"class":77},[47,36997,36998],{"class":81}," char",[47,37000,85],{"class":77},[20,37002,129],{},[38,37004,37006],{"className":40,"code":37005,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"0 c\n1 a\n2 t\n",[15,37007,37008,37014,37020],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,37009,37010,37012],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,37011,2077],{"class":61},[47,37013,36123],{"class":53},[47,37015,37016,37018],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,37017,665],{"class":61},[47,37019,36109],{"class":53},[47,37021,37022,37024],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,37023,2016],{"class":61},[47,37025,37026],{"class":53}," t\n",[20,37028,37029,37030,914],{},"To understand why this works, see ",[360,37031,5070],{"href":5520},[373,37033,37035],{"id":37034},"if-you-only-need-values-a-normal-loop-is-enough","If you only need values, a normal loop is enough",[20,37037,37038,37039,914],{},"You do not always need ",[15,37040,35683],{},[20,37042,37043,37044,37046],{},"If you only need the items, use a normal ",[15,37045,5892],{}," loop:",[38,37048,37050],{"className":40,"code":37049,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor color in colors:\n    print(color)\n",[15,37051,37052,37084,37088,37100],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,37053,37054,37056,37058,37060,37062,37064,37066,37068,37070,37072,37074,37076,37078,37080,37082],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,37055,13010],{"class":53},[47,37057,58],{"class":57},[47,37059,662],{"class":77},[47,37061,309],{"class":151},[47,37063,13027],{"class":155},[47,37065,309],{"class":151},[47,37067,668],{"class":77},[47,37069,303],{"class":151},[47,37071,17390],{"class":155},[47,37073,309],{"class":151},[47,37075,668],{"class":77},[47,37077,303],{"class":151},[47,37079,13044],{"class":155},[47,37081,309],{"class":151},[47,37083,679],{"class":77},[47,37085,37086],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,37087,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,37089,37090,37092,37094,37096,37098],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,37091,5892],{"class":3812},[47,37093,35760],{"class":53},[47,37095,3819],{"class":3812},[47,37097,13058],{"class":53},[47,37099,6329],{"class":77},[47,37101,37102,37104,37106,37108],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,37103,8000],{"class":98},[47,37105,78],{"class":77},[47,37107,32825],{"class":81},[47,37109,85],{"class":77},[20,37111,37112],{},"That is simpler when the index is not needed.",[33,37114,2775],{"id":2774},[20,37116,37117],{},"Watch out for these common problems:",[185,37119,37120,37125,37131,37136],{},[188,37121,23035,37122,37124],{},[15,37123,35683],{}," into the wrong number of variables",[188,37126,37127,37128,37130],{},"Forgetting that counting starts at ",[15,37129,2077],{}," by default",[188,37132,1335,37133,37135],{},[15,37134,35683],{}," when only values are needed",[188,37137,37138,37139,8636,37141],{},"Confusing ",[15,37140,35683],{},[15,37142,36132],{},[20,37144,37145],{},"These quick checks can help you understand what is happening:",[38,37147,37149],{"className":40,"code":37148,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(enumerate([10, 20, 30]))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30])))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30], start=1)))\nfor i, value in enumerate(['a', 'b']):\n    print(i, value)\n",[15,37150,37151,37173,37200,37234,37267],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,37152,37153,37155,37157,37159,37161,37163,37165,37167,37169,37171],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,37154,99],{"class":98},[47,37156,78],{"class":77},[47,37158,35976],{"class":98},[47,37160,2928],{"class":77},[47,37162,193],{"class":61},[47,37164,668],{"class":77},[47,37166,7722],{"class":61},[47,37168,668],{"class":77},[47,37170,7727],{"class":61},[47,37172,2941],{"class":77},[47,37174,37175,37177,37179,37181,37183,37185,37187,37189,37191,37193,37195,37197],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,37176,99],{"class":98},[47,37178,78],{"class":77},[47,37180,8025],{"class":73},[47,37182,78],{"class":77},[47,37184,35976],{"class":98},[47,37186,2928],{"class":77},[47,37188,193],{"class":61},[47,37190,668],{"class":77},[47,37192,7722],{"class":61},[47,37194,668],{"class":77},[47,37196,7727],{"class":61},[47,37198,37199],{"class":77},"])))\n",[47,37201,37202,37204,37206,37208,37210,37212,37214,37216,37218,37220,37222,37224,37226,37228,37230,37232],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,37203,99],{"class":98},[47,37205,78],{"class":77},[47,37207,8025],{"class":73},[47,37209,78],{"class":77},[47,37211,35976],{"class":98},[47,37213,2928],{"class":77},[47,37215,193],{"class":61},[47,37217,668],{"class":77},[47,37219,7722],{"class":61},[47,37221,668],{"class":77},[47,37223,7727],{"class":61},[47,37225,17997],{"class":77},[47,37227,35985],{"class":9108},[47,37229,58],{"class":57},[47,37231,665],{"class":61},[47,37233,2854],{"class":77},[47,37235,37236,37238,37240,37242,37244,37246,37248,37250,37252,37254,37256,37258,37260,37262,37264],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,37237,5892],{"class":3812},[47,37239,36063],{"class":53},[47,37241,668],{"class":77},[47,37243,21520],{"class":53},[47,37245,3819],{"class":3812},[47,37247,35765],{"class":98},[47,37249,2928],{"class":77},[47,37251,159],{"class":151},[47,37253,360],{"class":155},[47,37255,159],{"class":151},[47,37257,668],{"class":77},[47,37259,152],{"class":151},[47,37261,4696],{"class":155},[47,37263,159],{"class":151},[47,37265,37266],{"class":77},"]):\n",[47,37268,37269,37271,37273,37275,37277,37279],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,37270,8000],{"class":98},[47,37272,78],{"class":77},[47,37274,36088],{"class":81},[47,37276,668],{"class":77},[47,37278,8364],{"class":81},[47,37280,85],{"class":77},[20,37282,16894],{},[38,37284,37286],{"className":40,"code":37285,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cenumerate object at 0x...>\n[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n[(1, 10), (2, 20), (3, 30)]\n0 a\n1 b\n",[15,37287,37288,37308,37340,37372,37378],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,37289,37290,37292,37294,37296,37299,37303,37306],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,37291,144],{"class":57},[47,37293,35976],{"class":98},[47,37295,24552],{"class":73},[47,37297,37298],{"class":53}," at ",[47,37300,37302],{"class":37301},"srjyR","0x",[47,37304,37305],{"class":34387},"...",[47,37307,162],{"class":57},[47,37309,37310,37312,37314,37316,37318,37320,37322,37324,37326,37328,37330,37332,37334,37336,37338],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,37311,21675],{"class":77},[47,37313,2077],{"class":61},[47,37315,668],{"class":77},[47,37317,5939],{"class":61},[47,37319,9166],{"class":77},[47,37321,9169],{"class":77},[47,37323,665],{"class":61},[47,37325,668],{"class":77},[47,37327,7722],{"class":61},[47,37329,9166],{"class":77},[47,37331,9169],{"class":77},[47,37333,2016],{"class":61},[47,37335,668],{"class":77},[47,37337,7727],{"class":61},[47,37339,9182],{"class":77},[47,37341,37342,37344,37346,37348,37350,37352,37354,37356,37358,37360,37362,37364,37366,37368,37370],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,37343,21675],{"class":77},[47,37345,665],{"class":61},[47,37347,668],{"class":77},[47,37349,5939],{"class":61},[47,37351,9166],{"class":77},[47,37353,9169],{"class":77},[47,37355,2016],{"class":61},[47,37357,668],{"class":77},[47,37359,7722],{"class":61},[47,37361,9166],{"class":77},[47,37363,9169],{"class":77},[47,37365,2021],{"class":61},[47,37367,668],{"class":77},[47,37369,7727],{"class":61},[47,37371,9182],{"class":77},[47,37373,37374,37376],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,37375,2077],{"class":61},[47,37377,36109],{"class":53},[47,37379,37380,37382],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,37381,665],{"class":61},[47,37383,36116],{"class":53},[33,37385,1762],{"id":1761},[373,37387,1766,37389,1769],{"id":37388},"what-does-enumerate-return-in-python",[15,37390,35683],{},[20,37392,37393],{},"It returns an enumerate object that produces pairs of index and value.",[373,37395,1776,37397,37399],{"id":37396},"does-enumerate-start-at-0-or-1",[15,37398,35683],{}," start at 0 or 1?",[20,37401,37402,37403,37405,37406,37409],{},"It starts at ",[15,37404,2077],{}," by default, but you can change that with ",[15,37407,37408],{},"start=1"," or another number.",[373,37411,21356,37413,11025,37415,1812],{"id":37412},"should-i-use-enumerate-instead-of-rangelenlist",[15,37414,35683],{},[15,37416,37417],{},"range(len(list))",[20,37419,36526,37420,37422],{},[15,37421,35683],{}," is usually clearer and easier to read.",[373,37424,1786,37426,37428],{"id":37425},"can-enumerate-be-used-with-strings",[15,37427,35683],{}," be used with strings?",[20,37430,37431,37432,37434],{},"Yes. A string is iterable, so ",[15,37433,35683],{}," can return each character with its index.",[33,37436,1825],{"id":1824},[185,37438,37439,37443,37449,37456],{},[188,37440,37441],{},[360,37442,35962],{"href":35961},[188,37444,37445],{},[360,37446,13,37447,1834],{"href":36129},[15,37448,36132],{},[188,37450,37451],{},[360,37452,37453,37454,36542],{"href":36538},"How to use ",[15,37455,35683],{},[188,37457,37458],{},[360,37459,5148],{"href":5520},[1875,37461,37462],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":65,"depth":65,"links":37464},[37465,37466,37468,37469,37471,37473,37475,37482,37483,37493],{"id":35,"depth":65,"text":36},{"id":35823,"depth":65,"text":37467},"What enumerate() does",{"id":244,"depth":65,"text":245},{"id":36135,"depth":65,"text":37470},"What enumerate() returns",{"id":36350,"depth":65,"text":37472},"When to use enumerate()",{"id":36545,"depth":65,"text":37474},"Using the start argument",{"id":25291,"depth":65,"text":25292,"children":37476},[37477,37478,37479,37481],{"id":36685,"depth":88,"text":36686},{"id":36781,"depth":88,"text":36782},{"id":36945,"depth":88,"text":37480},"enumerate() only works with iterable objects",{"id":37034,"depth":88,"text":37035},{"id":2774,"depth":65,"text":2775},{"id":1761,"depth":65,"text":1762,"children":37484},[37485,37487,37489,37491],{"id":37388,"depth":88,"text":37486},"What does enumerate() return in Python?",{"id":37396,"depth":88,"text":37488},"Does enumerate() start at 0 or 1?",{"id":37412,"depth":88,"text":37490},"Should I use enumerate() instead of range(len(list))?",{"id":37425,"depth":88,"text":37492},"Can enumerate() be used with strings?",{"id":1824,"depth":65,"text":1825},"Master python enumerate function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained",{"title":35675,"description":37494},"reference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained","tP2Z_ots0Xqf_GFLRq6dqpNDnPiE1yGUJYT2Z9er6Qs",{"id":37501,"title":37502,"body":37503,"description":40019,"extension":1922,"meta":40020,"navigation":91,"path":40021,"seo":40022,"stem":40023,"__hash__":40024},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained.md","Python filter() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":37504,"toc":39976},[37505,37511,37516,37519,37527,37541,37543,37634,37642,37647,37652,37654,37670,37672,37751,37753,37770,37776,37780,37782,37803,37807,37810,37822,37826,37829,37832,37849,37852,37928,37930,37947,37952,37956,37964,37967,37982,37984,38073,38075,38120,38123,38127,38130,38209,38211,38233,38236,38243,38248,38251,38354,38356,38381,38384,38391,38397,38402,38405,38416,38522,38524,38545,38553,38560,38566,38585,38590,38593,38612,38614,38699,38701,38730,38733,38738,38743,38746,38757,38759,38848,38850,38870,38876,38982,38984,39004,39007,39091,39093,39113,39120,39122,39126,39132,39135,39192,39195,39198,39259,39268,39271,39274,39302,39305,39365,39367,39384,39388,39391,39469,39471,39491,39494,39569,39573,39576,39578,39587,39592,39594,39645,39653,39665,39670,39731,39733,39750,39754,39817,39819,39844,39852,39854,39860,39866,39873,39881,39887,39890,39897,39907,39913,39919,39922,39939,39945,39947,39973],[10,37506,13,37508,18],{"id":37507},"python-filter-function-explained",[15,37509,37510],{},"filter()",[20,37512,37513,37515],{},[15,37514,37510],{}," is used to keep only the items that pass a test.",[20,37517,37518],{},"It takes:",[185,37520,37521,37524],{},[188,37522,37523],{},"a function that checks each item",[188,37525,37526],{},"an iterable such as a list, tuple, or string",[20,37528,37529,37530,37533,37534,37537,37538,37540],{},"The result is ",[127,37531,37532],{},"not a list"," in Python 3. It returns a ",[15,37535,37536],{},"filter"," object, so beginners often convert it with ",[15,37539,24716],{}," to see the values.",[33,37542,36],{"id":35},[38,37544,37546],{"className":40,"code":37545,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\nprint(list(result))  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[15,37547,37548,37581,37617],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,37549,37550,37552,37554,37556,37558,37560,37562,37564,37566,37568,37570,37572,37574,37576,37579],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,37551,3554],{"class":53},[47,37553,58],{"class":57},[47,37555,662],{"class":77},[47,37557,665],{"class":61},[47,37559,668],{"class":77},[47,37561,671],{"class":61},[47,37563,668],{"class":77},[47,37565,676],{"class":61},[47,37567,668],{"class":77},[47,37569,2404],{"class":61},[47,37571,668],{"class":77},[47,37573,4540],{"class":61},[47,37575,668],{"class":77},[47,37577,37578],{"class":61}," 6",[47,37580,679],{"class":77},[47,37582,37583,37585,37587,37590,37592,37595,37599,37601,37603,37605,37607,37609,37611,37613,37615],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,37584,2184],{"class":53},[47,37586,58],{"class":57},[47,37588,37589],{"class":98}," filter",[47,37591,78],{"class":77},[47,37593,37594],{"class":147},"lambda",[47,37596,37598],{"class":37597},"sFwrP"," x",[47,37600,2826],{"class":77},[47,37602,3816],{"class":81},[47,37604,6339],{"class":57},[47,37606,671],{"class":61},[47,37608,6344],{"class":57},[47,37610,3769],{"class":61},[47,37612,668],{"class":77},[47,37614,4198],{"class":81},[47,37616,85],{"class":77},[47,37618,37619,37621,37623,37625,37627,37629,37631],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,37620,99],{"class":98},[47,37622,78],{"class":77},[47,37624,8025],{"class":73},[47,37626,78],{"class":77},[47,37628,2218],{"class":81},[47,37630,5294],{"class":77},[47,37632,37633],{"class":1378},"  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[20,37635,37636,37638,37639,37641],{},[15,37637,37510],{}," returns a filter object, so beginners often wrap it with ",[15,37640,24716],{}," to see the results.",[33,37643,172,37645,175],{"id":37644},"what-filter-does",[15,37646,37510],{},[20,37648,37649,37651],{},[15,37650,37510],{}," keeps items that pass a test.",[20,37653,183],{},[185,37655,37656,37659,37665],{},[188,37657,37658],{},"each item is checked one at a time",[188,37660,37661,37662,37664],{},"if the test returns ",[15,37663,212],{},", the item is kept",[188,37666,37661,37667,37669],{},[15,37668,3609],{},", the item is removed",[20,37671,800],{},[38,37673,37675],{"className":40,"code":37674,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x > 3, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37676,37677,37705,37709,37737],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,37678,37679,37681,37683,37685,37687,37689,37691,37693,37695,37697,37699,37701,37703],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,37680,3554],{"class":53},[47,37682,58],{"class":57},[47,37684,662],{"class":77},[47,37686,665],{"class":61},[47,37688,668],{"class":77},[47,37690,671],{"class":61},[47,37692,668],{"class":77},[47,37694,676],{"class":61},[47,37696,668],{"class":77},[47,37698,2404],{"class":61},[47,37700,668],{"class":77},[47,37702,4540],{"class":61},[47,37704,679],{"class":77},[47,37706,37707],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,37708,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,37710,37711,37713,37715,37717,37719,37721,37723,37725,37727,37729,37731,37733,37735],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,37712,2184],{"class":53},[47,37714,58],{"class":57},[47,37716,37589],{"class":98},[47,37718,78],{"class":77},[47,37720,37594],{"class":147},[47,37722,37598],{"class":37597},[47,37724,2826],{"class":77},[47,37726,3816],{"class":81},[47,37728,4187],{"class":57},[47,37730,676],{"class":61},[47,37732,668],{"class":77},[47,37734,4198],{"class":81},[47,37736,85],{"class":77},[47,37738,37739,37741,37743,37745,37747,37749],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,37740,99],{"class":98},[47,37742,78],{"class":77},[47,37744,8025],{"class":73},[47,37746,78],{"class":77},[47,37748,2218],{"class":81},[47,37750,123],{"class":77},[20,37752,129],{},[38,37754,37756],{"className":40,"code":37755,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[4, 5]\n",[15,37757,37758],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,37759,37760,37762,37764,37766,37768],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,37761,736],{"class":77},[47,37763,2451],{"class":61},[47,37765,668],{"class":77},[47,37767,4540],{"class":61},[47,37769,679],{"class":77},[20,37771,37772,37773,37775],{},"Here, only numbers greater than ",[15,37774,2021],{}," are kept.",[33,37777,37779],{"id":37778},"syntax-and-arguments","Syntax and arguments",[20,37781,2117],{},[38,37783,37785],{"className":40,"code":37784,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"filter(function, iterable)\n",[15,37786,37787],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,37788,37789,37791,37793,37796,37798,37801],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,37790,37536],{"class":98},[47,37792,78],{"class":77},[47,37794,37795],{"class":81},"function",[47,37797,668],{"class":77},[47,37799,37800],{"class":81}," iterable",[47,37802,85],{"class":77},[373,37804,37805],{"id":37795},[15,37806,37795],{},[20,37808,37809],{},"This is the test function.",[185,37811,37812,37815],{},[188,37813,37814],{},"It receives one item at a time",[188,37816,37817,37818,1389,37820],{},"It should return ",[15,37819,212],{},[15,37821,3609],{},[373,37823,37824],{"id":3655},[15,37825,3655],{},[20,37827,37828],{},"This is the group of values to check.",[20,37830,37831],{},"It can be:",[185,37833,37834,37837,37840,37843,37846],{},[188,37835,37836],{},"a list",[188,37838,37839],{},"a tuple",[188,37841,37842],{},"a string",[188,37844,37845],{},"a set",[188,37847,37848],{},"another iterable object",[20,37850,37851],{},"Example with a tuple:",[38,37853,37855],{"className":40,"code":37854,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 15, 20, 25)\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x >= 20, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37856,37857,37882,37886,37914],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,37858,37859,37861,37863,37865,37867,37869,37872,37874,37876,37878,37880],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,37860,3554],{"class":53},[47,37862,58],{"class":57},[47,37864,9169],{"class":77},[47,37866,193],{"class":61},[47,37868,668],{"class":77},[47,37870,37871],{"class":61}," 15",[47,37873,668],{"class":77},[47,37875,7722],{"class":61},[47,37877,668],{"class":77},[47,37879,900],{"class":61},[47,37881,85],{"class":77},[47,37883,37884],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,37885,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,37887,37888,37890,37892,37894,37896,37898,37900,37902,37904,37906,37908,37910,37912],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,37889,2184],{"class":53},[47,37891,58],{"class":57},[47,37893,37589],{"class":98},[47,37895,78],{"class":77},[47,37897,37594],{"class":147},[47,37899,37598],{"class":37597},[47,37901,2826],{"class":77},[47,37903,3816],{"class":81},[47,37905,5032],{"class":57},[47,37907,7722],{"class":61},[47,37909,668],{"class":77},[47,37911,4198],{"class":81},[47,37913,85],{"class":77},[47,37915,37916,37918,37920,37922,37924,37926],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,37917,99],{"class":98},[47,37919,78],{"class":77},[47,37921,8025],{"class":73},[47,37923,78],{"class":77},[47,37925,2218],{"class":81},[47,37927,123],{"class":77},[20,37929,129],{},[38,37931,37933],{"className":40,"code":37932,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[20, 25]\n",[15,37934,37935],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,37936,37937,37939,37941,37943,37945],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,37938,736],{"class":77},[47,37940,15689],{"class":61},[47,37942,668],{"class":77},[47,37944,900],{"class":61},[47,37946,679],{"class":77},[20,37948,37949,37950,914],{},"If you are new to iterables, see ",[360,37951,5070],{"href":5520},[33,37953,37955],{"id":37954},"what-the-return-value-means","What the return value means",[20,37957,37958,37959,1509,37961,914],{},"In Python 3, ",[15,37960,37510],{},[127,37962,37963],{},"filter object",[20,37965,37966],{},"This is an iterator-like object. You can:",[185,37968,37969,37972,37977],{},[188,37970,37971],{},"loop through it",[188,37973,37974,37975],{},"convert it with ",[15,37976,24716],{},[188,37978,37974,37979],{},[15,37980,37981],{},"tuple()",[20,37983,800],{},[38,37985,37987],{"className":40,"code":37986,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37988,37989,38031,38035,38045,38059],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,37990,37991,37993,37995,37997,37999,38001,38003,38005,38007,38009,38011,38013,38015,38017,38019,38021,38023,38025,38027,38029],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,37992,2184],{"class":53},[47,37994,58],{"class":57},[47,37996,37589],{"class":98},[47,37998,78],{"class":77},[47,38000,37594],{"class":147},[47,38002,37598],{"class":37597},[47,38004,2826],{"class":77},[47,38006,3816],{"class":81},[47,38008,4187],{"class":57},[47,38010,671],{"class":61},[47,38012,668],{"class":77},[47,38014,662],{"class":77},[47,38016,665],{"class":61},[47,38018,668],{"class":77},[47,38020,671],{"class":61},[47,38022,668],{"class":77},[47,38024,676],{"class":61},[47,38026,668],{"class":77},[47,38028,2404],{"class":61},[47,38030,3825],{"class":77},[47,38032,38033],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,38034,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,38036,38037,38039,38041,38043],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,38038,99],{"class":98},[47,38040,78],{"class":77},[47,38042,2218],{"class":81},[47,38044,85],{"class":77},[47,38046,38047,38049,38051,38053,38055,38057],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,38048,99],{"class":98},[47,38050,78],{"class":77},[47,38052,116],{"class":73},[47,38054,78],{"class":77},[47,38056,2218],{"class":81},[47,38058,123],{"class":77},[47,38060,38061,38063,38065,38067,38069,38071],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,38062,99],{"class":98},[47,38064,78],{"class":77},[47,38066,8025],{"class":73},[47,38068,78],{"class":77},[47,38070,2218],{"class":81},[47,38072,123],{"class":77},[20,38074,129],{},[38,38076,38078],{"className":40,"code":38077,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cfilter object at ...>\n\u003Cclass 'filter'>\n[3, 4]\n",[15,38079,38080,38094,38108],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,38081,38082,38084,38086,38088,38090,38092],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,38083,144],{"class":57},[47,38085,37536],{"class":98},[47,38087,24552],{"class":73},[47,38089,37298],{"class":53},[47,38091,37305],{"class":34387},[47,38093,162],{"class":57},[47,38095,38096,38098,38100,38102,38104,38106],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,38097,144],{"class":57},[47,38099,148],{"class":147},[47,38101,152],{"class":151},[47,38103,37536],{"class":155},[47,38105,159],{"class":151},[47,38107,162],{"class":57},[47,38109,38110,38112,38114,38116,38118],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,38111,736],{"class":77},[47,38113,2021],{"class":61},[47,38115,668],{"class":77},[47,38117,2404],{"class":61},[47,38119,679],{"class":77},[20,38121,38122],{},"If you print the filter object directly, you will not see the filtered items.",[373,38124,38126],{"id":38125},"important-a-filter-object-is-consumed-as-you-use-it","Important: a filter object is consumed as you use it",[20,38128,38129],{},"Once you loop through it or convert it to a list, the items are used up.",[38,38131,38133],{"className":40,"code":38132,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38134,38135,38177,38181,38195],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,38136,38137,38139,38141,38143,38145,38147,38149,38151,38153,38155,38157,38159,38161,38163,38165,38167,38169,38171,38173,38175],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,38138,2184],{"class":53},[47,38140,58],{"class":57},[47,38142,37589],{"class":98},[47,38144,78],{"class":77},[47,38146,37594],{"class":147},[47,38148,37598],{"class":37597},[47,38150,2826],{"class":77},[47,38152,3816],{"class":81},[47,38154,4187],{"class":57},[47,38156,671],{"class":61},[47,38158,668],{"class":77},[47,38160,662],{"class":77},[47,38162,665],{"class":61},[47,38164,668],{"class":77},[47,38166,671],{"class":61},[47,38168,668],{"class":77},[47,38170,676],{"class":61},[47,38172,668],{"class":77},[47,38174,2404],{"class":61},[47,38176,3825],{"class":77},[47,38178,38179],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,38180,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,38182,38183,38185,38187,38189,38191,38193],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,38184,99],{"class":98},[47,38186,78],{"class":77},[47,38188,8025],{"class":73},[47,38190,78],{"class":77},[47,38192,2218],{"class":81},[47,38194,123],{"class":77},[47,38196,38197,38199,38201,38203,38205,38207],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,38198,99],{"class":98},[47,38200,78],{"class":77},[47,38202,8025],{"class":73},[47,38204,78],{"class":77},[47,38206,2218],{"class":81},[47,38208,123],{"class":77},[20,38210,129],{},[38,38212,38214],{"className":40,"code":38213,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[3, 4]\n[]\n",[15,38215,38216,38228],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,38217,38218,38220,38222,38224,38226],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,38219,736],{"class":77},[47,38221,2021],{"class":61},[47,38223,668],{"class":77},[47,38225,2404],{"class":61},[47,38227,679],{"class":77},[47,38229,38230],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,38231,38232],{"class":77},"[]\n",[20,38234,38235],{},"The second result is empty because the filter object was already consumed.",[33,38237,1335,38239,8636,38241],{"id":38238},"using-filter-with-lambda",[15,38240,37510],{},[15,38242,37594],{},[20,38244,15123,38245,38247],{},[15,38246,37594],{}," is a short anonymous function.",[20,38249,38250],{},"It is useful for simple filtering rules that fit on one line.",[38,38252,38254],{"className":40,"code":38253,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"apple\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\", \"fig\"]\n\nresult = filter(lambda word: len(word) > 4, words)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38255,38256,38298,38302,38340],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,38257,38258,38260,38262,38264,38266,38268,38270,38272,38274,38277,38279,38281,38283,38285,38287,38289,38291,38294,38296],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,38259,4006],{"class":53},[47,38261,58],{"class":57},[47,38263,662],{"class":77},[47,38265,309],{"class":151},[47,38267,1425],{"class":155},[47,38269,309],{"class":151},[47,38271,668],{"class":77},[47,38273,303],{"class":151},[47,38275,38276],{"class":155},"kiwi",[47,38278,309],{"class":151},[47,38280,668],{"class":77},[47,38282,303],{"class":151},[47,38284,1434],{"class":155},[47,38286,309],{"class":151},[47,38288,668],{"class":77},[47,38290,303],{"class":151},[47,38292,38293],{"class":155},"fig",[47,38295,309],{"class":151},[47,38297,679],{"class":77},[47,38299,38300],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,38301,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,38303,38304,38306,38308,38310,38312,38314,38317,38319,38322,38324,38327,38329,38332,38334,38336,38338],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,38305,2184],{"class":53},[47,38307,58],{"class":57},[47,38309,37589],{"class":98},[47,38311,78],{"class":77},[47,38313,37594],{"class":147},[47,38315,38316],{"class":37597}," word",[47,38318,2826],{"class":77},[47,38320,38321],{"class":98}," len",[47,38323,78],{"class":77},[47,38325,38326],{"class":81},"word",[47,38328,862],{"class":77},[47,38330,38331],{"class":57}," >",[47,38333,2404],{"class":61},[47,38335,668],{"class":77},[47,38337,6103],{"class":81},[47,38339,85],{"class":77},[47,38341,38342,38344,38346,38348,38350,38352],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,38343,99],{"class":98},[47,38345,78],{"class":77},[47,38347,8025],{"class":73},[47,38349,78],{"class":77},[47,38351,2218],{"class":81},[47,38353,123],{"class":77},[20,38355,129],{},[38,38357,38359],{"className":40,"code":38358,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,38360,38361],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,38362,38363,38365,38367,38369,38371,38373,38375,38377,38379],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,38364,736],{"class":77},[47,38366,159],{"class":151},[47,38368,1425],{"class":155},[47,38370,159],{"class":151},[47,38372,668],{"class":77},[47,38374,152],{"class":151},[47,38376,1434],{"class":155},[47,38378,159],{"class":151},[47,38380,679],{"class":77},[20,38382,38383],{},"This keeps only words with more than 4 characters.",[20,38385,38386,38387,914],{},"If you want to learn this syntax more clearly, see ",[360,38388,38390],{"href":38389},"\u002Flearn\u002Flambda-functions-in-python-explained\u002F","lambda functions in Python explained",[33,38392,1335,38394,38396],{"id":38393},"using-filter-with-a-named-function",[15,38395,37510],{}," with a named function",[20,38398,38399,38400,914],{},"A named function is often easier to read than a complex ",[15,38401,37594],{},[20,38403,38404],{},"This is especially helpful when:",[185,38406,38407,38410,38413],{},[188,38408,38409],{},"the logic needs a clear name",[188,38411,38412],{},"the rule is more than a very short check",[188,38414,38415],{},"you want beginner-friendly code",[38,38417,38419],{"className":40,"code":38418,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"def is_even(number):\n    return number % 2 == 0\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(is_even, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38420,38421,38434,38449,38453,38485,38504,38508],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,38422,38423,38425,38428,38430,38432],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,38424,34784],{"class":147},[47,38426,38427],{"class":34787}," is_even",[47,38429,78],{"class":77},[47,38431,404],{"class":37597},[47,38433,8273],{"class":77},[47,38435,38436,38438,38440,38442,38444,38446],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,38437,34795],{"class":3812},[47,38439,6322],{"class":53},[47,38441,6339],{"class":57},[47,38443,671],{"class":61},[47,38445,6344],{"class":57},[47,38447,38448],{"class":61}," 0\n",[47,38450,38451],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,38452,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,38454,38455,38457,38459,38461,38463,38465,38467,38469,38471,38473,38475,38477,38479,38481,38483],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,38456,3554],{"class":53},[47,38458,58],{"class":57},[47,38460,662],{"class":77},[47,38462,665],{"class":61},[47,38464,668],{"class":77},[47,38466,671],{"class":61},[47,38468,668],{"class":77},[47,38470,676],{"class":61},[47,38472,668],{"class":77},[47,38474,2404],{"class":61},[47,38476,668],{"class":77},[47,38478,4540],{"class":61},[47,38480,668],{"class":77},[47,38482,37578],{"class":61},[47,38484,679],{"class":77},[47,38486,38487,38489,38491,38493,38495,38498,38500,38502],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,38488,2184],{"class":53},[47,38490,58],{"class":57},[47,38492,37589],{"class":98},[47,38494,78],{"class":77},[47,38496,38497],{"class":81},"is_even",[47,38499,668],{"class":77},[47,38501,4198],{"class":81},[47,38503,85],{"class":77},[47,38505,38506],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,38507,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,38509,38510,38512,38514,38516,38518,38520],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,38511,99],{"class":98},[47,38513,78],{"class":77},[47,38515,8025],{"class":73},[47,38517,78],{"class":77},[47,38519,2218],{"class":81},[47,38521,123],{"class":77},[20,38523,129],{},[38,38525,38527],{"className":40,"code":38526,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[2, 4, 6]\n",[15,38528,38529],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,38530,38531,38533,38535,38537,38539,38541,38543],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,38532,736],{"class":77},[47,38534,2016],{"class":61},[47,38536,668],{"class":77},[47,38538,2404],{"class":61},[47,38540,668],{"class":77},[47,38542,37578],{"class":61},[47,38544,679],{"class":77},[20,38546,267,38547,2346,38550,38552],{},[15,38548,38549],{},"is_even()",[15,38551,212],{}," for even numbers, so those numbers are kept.",[33,38554,1335,38556,8636,38558],{"id":38555},"using-none-with-filter",[15,38557,3713],{},[15,38559,37510],{},[20,38561,38562,38563,38565],{},"You can pass ",[15,38564,3713],{}," as the first argument:",[38,38567,38569],{"className":40,"code":38568,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"filter(None, iterable)\n",[15,38570,38571],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,38572,38573,38575,38577,38579,38581,38583],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,38574,37536],{"class":98},[47,38576,78],{"class":77},[47,38578,3713],{"class":571},[47,38580,668],{"class":77},[47,38582,37800],{"class":81},[47,38584,85],{"class":77},[20,38586,38587,38588,7272],{},"In this case, Python removes ",[127,38589,5530],{},[20,38591,38592],{},"Falsy values include:",[185,38594,38595,38599,38604,38608],{},[188,38596,38597],{},[15,38598,2077],{},[188,38600,38601,38603],{},[15,38602,3708],{}," (empty string)",[188,38605,38606],{},[15,38607,3713],{},[188,38609,38610],{},[15,38611,3609],{},[20,38613,800],{},[38,38615,38617],{"className":40,"code":38616,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [0, 1, \"\", \"hello\", None, True, False, 5]\n\nresult = filter(None, items)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38618,38619,38663,38667,38685],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,38620,38621,38623,38625,38627,38629,38631,38633,38635,38637,38639,38641,38643,38645,38647,38649,38651,38653,38655,38657,38659,38661],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,38622,657],{"class":53},[47,38624,58],{"class":57},[47,38626,662],{"class":77},[47,38628,2077],{"class":61},[47,38630,668],{"class":77},[47,38632,5431],{"class":61},[47,38634,668],{"class":77},[47,38636,6061],{"class":151},[47,38638,668],{"class":77},[47,38640,303],{"class":151},[47,38642,3781],{"class":155},[47,38644,309],{"class":151},[47,38646,668],{"class":77},[47,38648,3788],{"class":571},[47,38650,668],{"class":77},[47,38652,3852],{"class":571},[47,38654,668],{"class":77},[47,38656,3843],{"class":571},[47,38658,668],{"class":77},[47,38660,4540],{"class":61},[47,38662,679],{"class":77},[47,38664,38665],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,38666,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,38668,38669,38671,38673,38675,38677,38679,38681,38683],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,38670,2184],{"class":53},[47,38672,58],{"class":57},[47,38674,37589],{"class":98},[47,38676,78],{"class":77},[47,38678,3713],{"class":571},[47,38680,668],{"class":77},[47,38682,5900],{"class":81},[47,38684,85],{"class":77},[47,38686,38687,38689,38691,38693,38695,38697],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,38688,99],{"class":98},[47,38690,78],{"class":77},[47,38692,8025],{"class":73},[47,38694,78],{"class":77},[47,38696,2218],{"class":81},[47,38698,123],{"class":77},[20,38700,129],{},[38,38702,38704],{"className":40,"code":38703,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 'hello', True, 5]\n",[15,38705,38706],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,38707,38708,38710,38712,38714,38716,38718,38720,38722,38724,38726,38728],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,38709,736],{"class":77},[47,38711,665],{"class":61},[47,38713,668],{"class":77},[47,38715,152],{"class":151},[47,38717,3781],{"class":155},[47,38719,159],{"class":151},[47,38721,668],{"class":77},[47,38723,3852],{"class":571},[47,38725,668],{"class":77},[47,38727,4540],{"class":61},[47,38729,679],{"class":77},[20,38731,38732],{},"This is useful when you want to remove empty or false-like values from data.",[33,38734,773,38736],{"id":38735},"when-to-use-filter",[15,38737,37510],{},[20,38739,165,38740,38742],{},[15,38741,37510],{}," when you want to keep only matching items.",[20,38744,38745],{},"It works well for:",[185,38747,38748,38751,38754],{},[188,38749,38750],{},"simple filtering rules",[188,38752,38753],{},"quick data cleaning",[188,38755,38756],{},"cases where a function already exists for the test",[20,38758,800],{},[38,38760,38762],{"className":40,"code":38761,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\n\nprint(list(evens))\n",[15,38763,38764,38796,38829,38833],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,38765,38766,38768,38770,38772,38774,38776,38778,38780,38782,38784,38786,38788,38790,38792,38794],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,38767,3554],{"class":53},[47,38769,58],{"class":57},[47,38771,662],{"class":77},[47,38773,665],{"class":61},[47,38775,668],{"class":77},[47,38777,671],{"class":61},[47,38779,668],{"class":77},[47,38781,676],{"class":61},[47,38783,668],{"class":77},[47,38785,2404],{"class":61},[47,38787,668],{"class":77},[47,38789,4540],{"class":61},[47,38791,668],{"class":77},[47,38793,37578],{"class":61},[47,38795,679],{"class":77},[47,38797,38798,38801,38803,38805,38807,38809,38811,38813,38815,38817,38819,38821,38823,38825,38827],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,38799,38800],{"class":53},"evens ",[47,38802,58],{"class":57},[47,38804,37589],{"class":98},[47,38806,78],{"class":77},[47,38808,37594],{"class":147},[47,38810,37598],{"class":37597},[47,38812,2826],{"class":77},[47,38814,3816],{"class":81},[47,38816,6339],{"class":57},[47,38818,671],{"class":61},[47,38820,6344],{"class":57},[47,38822,3769],{"class":61},[47,38824,668],{"class":77},[47,38826,4198],{"class":81},[47,38828,85],{"class":77},[47,38830,38831],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,38832,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,38834,38835,38837,38839,38841,38843,38846],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,38836,99],{"class":98},[47,38838,78],{"class":77},[47,38840,8025],{"class":73},[47,38842,78],{"class":77},[47,38844,38845],{"class":81},"evens",[47,38847,123],{"class":77},[20,38849,129],{},[38,38851,38852],{"className":40,"code":38526,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,38853,38854],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,38855,38856,38858,38860,38862,38864,38866,38868],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,38857,736],{"class":77},[47,38859,2016],{"class":61},[47,38861,668],{"class":77},[47,38863,2404],{"class":61},[47,38865,668],{"class":77},[47,38867,37578],{"class":61},[47,38869,679],{"class":77},[20,38871,38872,38873,38875],{},"For beginners, though, a ",[15,38874,5892],{}," loop may be easier to understand.",[38,38877,38879],{"className":40,"code":38878,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = []\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        evens.append(number)\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,38880,38881,38913,38921,38925,38937,38953,38968,38972],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,38882,38883,38885,38887,38889,38891,38893,38895,38897,38899,38901,38903,38905,38907,38909,38911],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,38884,3554],{"class":53},[47,38886,58],{"class":57},[47,38888,662],{"class":77},[47,38890,665],{"class":61},[47,38892,668],{"class":77},[47,38894,671],{"class":61},[47,38896,668],{"class":77},[47,38898,676],{"class":61},[47,38900,668],{"class":77},[47,38902,2404],{"class":61},[47,38904,668],{"class":77},[47,38906,4540],{"class":61},[47,38908,668],{"class":77},[47,38910,37578],{"class":61},[47,38912,679],{"class":77},[47,38914,38915,38917,38919],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,38916,38800],{"class":53},[47,38918,58],{"class":57},[47,38920,7770],{"class":77},[47,38922,38923],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,38924,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,38926,38927,38929,38931,38933,38935],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,38928,5892],{"class":3812},[47,38930,6322],{"class":53},[47,38932,3819],{"class":3812},[47,38934,4198],{"class":53},[47,38936,6329],{"class":77},[47,38938,38939,38941,38943,38945,38947,38949,38951],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,38940,6334],{"class":3812},[47,38942,6322],{"class":53},[47,38944,6339],{"class":57},[47,38946,671],{"class":61},[47,38948,6344],{"class":57},[47,38950,3769],{"class":61},[47,38952,6329],{"class":77},[47,38954,38955,38958,38960,38962,38964,38966],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,38956,38957],{"class":53},"        evens",[47,38959,914],{"class":77},[47,38961,13488],{"class":81},[47,38963,78],{"class":77},[47,38965,404],{"class":81},[47,38967,85],{"class":77},[47,38969,38970],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,38971,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,38973,38974,38976,38978,38980],{"class":49,"line":1734},[47,38975,99],{"class":98},[47,38977,78],{"class":77},[47,38979,38845],{"class":81},[47,38981,85],{"class":77},[20,38983,129],{},[38,38985,38986],{"className":40,"code":38526,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,38987,38988],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,38989,38990,38992,38994,38996,38998,39000,39002],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,38991,736],{"class":77},[47,38993,2016],{"class":61},[47,38995,668],{"class":77},[47,38997,2404],{"class":61},[47,38999,668],{"class":77},[47,39001,37578],{"class":61},[47,39003,679],{"class":77},[20,39005,39006],{},"A list comprehension is also a common alternative:",[38,39008,39010],{"className":40,"code":39009,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = [number for number in numbers if number % 2 == 0]\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,39011,39012,39044,39077,39081],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,39013,39014,39016,39018,39020,39022,39024,39026,39028,39030,39032,39034,39036,39038,39040,39042],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39015,3554],{"class":53},[47,39017,58],{"class":57},[47,39019,662],{"class":77},[47,39021,665],{"class":61},[47,39023,668],{"class":77},[47,39025,671],{"class":61},[47,39027,668],{"class":77},[47,39029,676],{"class":61},[47,39031,668],{"class":77},[47,39033,2404],{"class":61},[47,39035,668],{"class":77},[47,39037,4540],{"class":61},[47,39039,668],{"class":77},[47,39041,37578],{"class":61},[47,39043,679],{"class":77},[47,39045,39046,39048,39050,39052,39054,39056,39058,39060,39063,39065,39067,39069,39071,39073,39075],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,39047,38800],{"class":53},[47,39049,58],{"class":57},[47,39051,662],{"class":77},[47,39053,386],{"class":53},[47,39055,5892],{"class":3812},[47,39057,6322],{"class":53},[47,39059,3819],{"class":3812},[47,39061,39062],{"class":53}," numbers ",[47,39064,6930],{"class":3812},[47,39066,6322],{"class":53},[47,39068,6339],{"class":57},[47,39070,671],{"class":61},[47,39072,6344],{"class":57},[47,39074,3769],{"class":61},[47,39076,679],{"class":77},[47,39078,39079],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,39080,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,39082,39083,39085,39087,39089],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,39084,99],{"class":98},[47,39086,78],{"class":77},[47,39088,38845],{"class":81},[47,39090,85],{"class":77},[20,39092,129],{},[38,39094,39095],{"className":40,"code":38526,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,39096,39097],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,39098,39099,39101,39103,39105,39107,39109,39111],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39100,736],{"class":77},[47,39102,2016],{"class":61},[47,39104,668],{"class":77},[47,39106,2404],{"class":61},[47,39108,668],{"class":77},[47,39110,37578],{"class":61},[47,39112,679],{"class":77},[20,39114,39115,39116,914],{},"If you want another common filtering style, see ",[360,39117,39119],{"href":39118},"\u002Flearn\u002Flist-comprehensions-in-python-explained\u002F","list comprehensions in Python explained",[33,39121,2775],{"id":2774},[20,39123,14668,39124,914],{},[15,39125,37510],{},[373,39127,1400,39129,39131],{"id":39128},"expecting-filter-to-return-a-list",[15,39130,37510],{}," to return a list",[20,39133,39134],{},"This is the most common mistake.",[38,39136,39138],{"className":40,"code":39137,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,39139,39140,39182],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,39141,39142,39144,39146,39148,39150,39152,39154,39156,39158,39160,39162,39164,39166,39168,39170,39172,39174,39176,39178,39180],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39143,2184],{"class":53},[47,39145,58],{"class":57},[47,39147,37589],{"class":98},[47,39149,78],{"class":77},[47,39151,37594],{"class":147},[47,39153,37598],{"class":37597},[47,39155,2826],{"class":77},[47,39157,3816],{"class":81},[47,39159,4187],{"class":57},[47,39161,671],{"class":61},[47,39163,668],{"class":77},[47,39165,662],{"class":77},[47,39167,665],{"class":61},[47,39169,668],{"class":77},[47,39171,671],{"class":61},[47,39173,668],{"class":77},[47,39175,676],{"class":61},[47,39177,668],{"class":77},[47,39179,2404],{"class":61},[47,39181,3825],{"class":77},[47,39183,39184,39186,39188,39190],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,39185,99],{"class":98},[47,39187,78],{"class":77},[47,39189,2218],{"class":81},[47,39191,85],{"class":77},[20,39193,39194],{},"This prints a filter object, not the values.",[20,39196,39197],{},"Fix:",[38,39199,39201],{"className":40,"code":39200,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,39202,39203,39245],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,39204,39205,39207,39209,39211,39213,39215,39217,39219,39221,39223,39225,39227,39229,39231,39233,39235,39237,39239,39241,39243],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39206,2184],{"class":53},[47,39208,58],{"class":57},[47,39210,37589],{"class":98},[47,39212,78],{"class":77},[47,39214,37594],{"class":147},[47,39216,37598],{"class":37597},[47,39218,2826],{"class":77},[47,39220,3816],{"class":81},[47,39222,4187],{"class":57},[47,39224,671],{"class":61},[47,39226,668],{"class":77},[47,39228,662],{"class":77},[47,39230,665],{"class":61},[47,39232,668],{"class":77},[47,39234,671],{"class":61},[47,39236,668],{"class":77},[47,39238,676],{"class":61},[47,39240,668],{"class":77},[47,39242,2404],{"class":61},[47,39244,3825],{"class":77},[47,39246,39247,39249,39251,39253,39255,39257],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,39248,99],{"class":98},[47,39250,78],{"class":77},[47,39252,8025],{"class":73},[47,39254,78],{"class":77},[47,39256,2218],{"class":81},[47,39258,123],{"class":77},[373,39260,39262,39263,1389,39265,39267],{"id":39261},"using-a-test-function-that-does-not-return-true-or-false-clearly","Using a test function that does not return ",[15,39264,212],{},[15,39266,3609],{}," clearly",[20,39269,39270],{},"Your function should make it obvious whether an item should stay.",[20,39272,39273],{},"Good example:",[38,39275,39277],{"className":40,"code":39276,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"def is_positive(number):\n    return number > 0\n",[15,39278,39279,39292],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,39280,39281,39283,39286,39288,39290],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39282,34784],{"class":147},[47,39284,39285],{"class":34787}," is_positive",[47,39287,78],{"class":77},[47,39289,404],{"class":37597},[47,39291,8273],{"class":77},[47,39293,39294,39296,39298,39300],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,39295,34795],{"class":3812},[47,39297,6322],{"class":53},[47,39299,4187],{"class":57},[47,39301,38448],{"class":61},[20,39303,39304],{},"Then use it with:",[38,39306,39308],{"className":40,"code":39307,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [-2, -1, 0, 1, 2]\nprint(list(filter(is_positive, numbers)))\n",[15,39309,39310,39342],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,39311,39312,39314,39316,39318,39320,39322,39324,39326,39328,39330,39332,39334,39336,39338,39340],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39313,3554],{"class":53},[47,39315,58],{"class":57},[47,39317,662],{"class":77},[47,39319,1981],{"class":57},[47,39321,2016],{"class":61},[47,39323,668],{"class":77},[47,39325,2176],{"class":57},[47,39327,665],{"class":61},[47,39329,668],{"class":77},[47,39331,3769],{"class":61},[47,39333,668],{"class":77},[47,39335,5431],{"class":61},[47,39337,668],{"class":77},[47,39339,671],{"class":61},[47,39341,679],{"class":77},[47,39343,39344,39346,39348,39350,39352,39354,39356,39359,39361,39363],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,39345,99],{"class":98},[47,39347,78],{"class":77},[47,39349,8025],{"class":73},[47,39351,78],{"class":77},[47,39353,37536],{"class":98},[47,39355,78],{"class":77},[47,39357,39358],{"class":81},"is_positive",[47,39360,668],{"class":77},[47,39362,4198],{"class":81},[47,39364,2854],{"class":77},[20,39366,129],{},[38,39368,39370],{"className":40,"code":39369,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2]\n",[15,39371,39372],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,39373,39374,39376,39378,39380,39382],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39375,736],{"class":77},[47,39377,665],{"class":61},[47,39379,668],{"class":77},[47,39381,671],{"class":61},[47,39383,679],{"class":77},[373,39385,39387],{"id":39386},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-filter-object-after-it-has-been-consumed","Trying to reuse the same filter object after it has been consumed",[20,39389,39390],{},"A filter object is not stored like a list.",[38,39392,39393],{"className":40,"code":38132,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,39394,39395,39437,39441,39455],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,39396,39397,39399,39401,39403,39405,39407,39409,39411,39413,39415,39417,39419,39421,39423,39425,39427,39429,39431,39433,39435],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39398,2184],{"class":53},[47,39400,58],{"class":57},[47,39402,37589],{"class":98},[47,39404,78],{"class":77},[47,39406,37594],{"class":147},[47,39408,37598],{"class":37597},[47,39410,2826],{"class":77},[47,39412,3816],{"class":81},[47,39414,4187],{"class":57},[47,39416,671],{"class":61},[47,39418,668],{"class":77},[47,39420,662],{"class":77},[47,39422,665],{"class":61},[47,39424,668],{"class":77},[47,39426,671],{"class":61},[47,39428,668],{"class":77},[47,39430,676],{"class":61},[47,39432,668],{"class":77},[47,39434,2404],{"class":61},[47,39436,3825],{"class":77},[47,39438,39439],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,39440,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,39442,39443,39445,39447,39449,39451,39453],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,39444,99],{"class":98},[47,39446,78],{"class":77},[47,39448,8025],{"class":73},[47,39450,78],{"class":77},[47,39452,2218],{"class":81},[47,39454,123],{"class":77},[47,39456,39457,39459,39461,39463,39465,39467],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,39458,99],{"class":98},[47,39460,78],{"class":77},[47,39462,8025],{"class":73},[47,39464,78],{"class":77},[47,39466,2218],{"class":81},[47,39468,123],{"class":77},[20,39470,129],{},[38,39472,39473],{"className":40,"code":38213,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,39474,39475,39487],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,39476,39477,39479,39481,39483,39485],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39478,736],{"class":77},[47,39480,2021],{"class":61},[47,39482,668],{"class":77},[47,39484,2404],{"class":61},[47,39486,679],{"class":77},[47,39488,39489],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,39490,38232],{"class":77},[20,39492,39493],{},"If you need to use the values again, convert once and save them:",[38,39495,39497],{"className":40,"code":39496,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"result = list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4]))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,39498,39499,39545,39549,39559],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,39500,39501,39503,39505,39507,39509,39511,39513,39515,39517,39519,39521,39523,39525,39527,39529,39531,39533,39535,39537,39539,39541,39543],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39502,2184],{"class":53},[47,39504,58],{"class":57},[47,39506,22494],{"class":73},[47,39508,78],{"class":77},[47,39510,37536],{"class":98},[47,39512,78],{"class":77},[47,39514,37594],{"class":147},[47,39516,37598],{"class":37597},[47,39518,2826],{"class":77},[47,39520,3816],{"class":81},[47,39522,4187],{"class":57},[47,39524,671],{"class":61},[47,39526,668],{"class":77},[47,39528,662],{"class":77},[47,39530,665],{"class":61},[47,39532,668],{"class":77},[47,39534,671],{"class":61},[47,39536,668],{"class":77},[47,39538,676],{"class":61},[47,39540,668],{"class":77},[47,39542,2404],{"class":61},[47,39544,2941],{"class":77},[47,39546,39547],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,39548,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,39550,39551,39553,39555,39557],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,39552,99],{"class":98},[47,39554,78],{"class":77},[47,39556,2218],{"class":81},[47,39558,85],{"class":77},[47,39560,39561,39563,39565,39567],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,39562,99],{"class":98},[47,39564,78],{"class":77},[47,39566,2218],{"class":81},[47,39568,85],{"class":77},[373,39570,39572],{"id":39571},"passing-a-non-iterable-as-the-second-argument","Passing a non-iterable as the second argument",[20,39574,39575],{},"The second argument must be something you can loop over.",[20,39577,16579],{},[38,39579,39581],{"className":40,"code":39580,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# filter(lambda x: x > 2, 10)\n",[15,39582,39583],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,39584,39585],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39586,39580],{"class":1378},[20,39588,39589,39590,6485],{},"This causes an error because ",[15,39591,193],{},[20,39593,16591],{},[38,39595,39597],{"className":40,"code":39596,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])))\n",[15,39598,39599],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,39600,39601,39603,39605,39607,39609,39611,39613,39615,39617,39619,39621,39623,39625,39627,39629,39631,39633,39635,39637,39639,39641,39643],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39602,99],{"class":98},[47,39604,78],{"class":77},[47,39606,8025],{"class":73},[47,39608,78],{"class":77},[47,39610,37536],{"class":98},[47,39612,78],{"class":77},[47,39614,37594],{"class":147},[47,39616,37598],{"class":37597},[47,39618,2826],{"class":77},[47,39620,3816],{"class":81},[47,39622,4187],{"class":57},[47,39624,671],{"class":61},[47,39626,668],{"class":77},[47,39628,662],{"class":77},[47,39630,665],{"class":61},[47,39632,668],{"class":77},[47,39634,671],{"class":61},[47,39636,668],{"class":77},[47,39638,676],{"class":61},[47,39640,668],{"class":77},[47,39642,2404],{"class":61},[47,39644,37199],{"class":77},[373,39646,37138,39648,8636,39650],{"id":39647},"confusing-filter-with-map",[15,39649,37510],{},[15,39651,39652],{},"map()",[185,39654,39655,39660],{},[188,39656,39657,39659],{},[15,39658,37510],{}," keeps or removes items",[188,39661,39662,39664],{},[15,39663,39652],{}," changes each item into a new value",[20,39666,39667,39668,2826],{},"Example of ",[15,39669,37510],{},[38,39671,39673],{"className":40,"code":39672,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, numbers)))\n",[15,39674,39675,39699],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,39676,39677,39679,39681,39683,39685,39687,39689,39691,39693,39695,39697],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39678,3554],{"class":53},[47,39680,58],{"class":57},[47,39682,662],{"class":77},[47,39684,665],{"class":61},[47,39686,668],{"class":77},[47,39688,671],{"class":61},[47,39690,668],{"class":77},[47,39692,676],{"class":61},[47,39694,668],{"class":77},[47,39696,2404],{"class":61},[47,39698,679],{"class":77},[47,39700,39701,39703,39705,39707,39709,39711,39713,39715,39717,39719,39721,39723,39725,39727,39729],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,39702,99],{"class":98},[47,39704,78],{"class":77},[47,39706,8025],{"class":73},[47,39708,78],{"class":77},[47,39710,37536],{"class":98},[47,39712,78],{"class":77},[47,39714,37594],{"class":147},[47,39716,37598],{"class":37597},[47,39718,2826],{"class":77},[47,39720,3816],{"class":81},[47,39722,4187],{"class":57},[47,39724,671],{"class":61},[47,39726,668],{"class":77},[47,39728,4198],{"class":81},[47,39730,2854],{"class":77},[20,39732,129],{},[38,39734,39736],{"className":40,"code":39735,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[3, 4]\n",[15,39737,39738],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,39739,39740,39742,39744,39746,39748],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39741,736],{"class":77},[47,39743,2021],{"class":61},[47,39745,668],{"class":77},[47,39747,2404],{"class":61},[47,39749,679],{"class":77},[20,39751,39667,39752,2826],{},[15,39753,39652],{},[38,39755,39757],{"className":40,"code":39756,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(map(lambda x: x * 2, numbers)))\n",[15,39758,39759,39783],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,39760,39761,39763,39765,39767,39769,39771,39773,39775,39777,39779,39781],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39762,3554],{"class":53},[47,39764,58],{"class":57},[47,39766,662],{"class":77},[47,39768,665],{"class":61},[47,39770,668],{"class":77},[47,39772,671],{"class":61},[47,39774,668],{"class":77},[47,39776,676],{"class":61},[47,39778,668],{"class":77},[47,39780,2404],{"class":61},[47,39782,679],{"class":77},[47,39784,39785,39787,39789,39791,39793,39796,39798,39800,39802,39804,39806,39809,39811,39813,39815],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,39786,99],{"class":98},[47,39788,78],{"class":77},[47,39790,8025],{"class":73},[47,39792,78],{"class":77},[47,39794,39795],{"class":98},"map",[47,39797,78],{"class":77},[47,39799,37594],{"class":147},[47,39801,37598],{"class":37597},[47,39803,2826],{"class":77},[47,39805,3816],{"class":81},[47,39807,39808],{"class":57},"*",[47,39810,671],{"class":61},[47,39812,668],{"class":77},[47,39814,4198],{"class":81},[47,39816,2854],{"class":77},[20,39818,129],{},[38,39820,39822],{"className":40,"code":39821,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[2, 4, 6, 8]\n",[15,39823,39824],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,39825,39826,39828,39830,39832,39834,39836,39838,39840,39842],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39827,736],{"class":77},[47,39829,2016],{"class":61},[47,39831,668],{"class":77},[47,39833,2404],{"class":61},[47,39835,668],{"class":77},[47,39837,37578],{"class":61},[47,39839,668],{"class":77},[47,39841,6295],{"class":61},[47,39843,679],{"class":77},[20,39845,39846,39847,914],{},"For the related function, see ",[360,39848,13,39850,1834],{"href":39849},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained\u002F",[15,39851,39652],{},[33,39853,1762],{"id":1761},[373,39855,1776,39857,39859],{"id":39856},"does-filter-return-a-list-in-python-3",[15,39858,37510],{}," return a list in Python 3?",[20,39861,39862,39863,39865],{},"No. In Python 3, it returns a filter object. Convert it with ",[15,39864,24716],{}," if needed.",[373,39867,39869,39870,39872],{"id":39868},"what-does-the-function-inside-filter-need-to-return","What does the function inside ",[15,39871,37510],{}," need to return?",[20,39874,37817,39875,39877,39878,39880],{},[15,39876,212],{}," to keep an item and ",[15,39879,3609],{}," to remove it.",[373,39882,28262,39884,39886],{"id":39883},"can-i-use-filter-without-lambda",[15,39885,37510],{}," without lambda?",[20,39888,39889],{},"Yes. You can pass a regular named function.",[373,39891,1766,39893,39896],{"id":39892},"what-does-filternone-items-do",[15,39894,39895],{},"filter(None, items)"," do?",[20,39898,39899,39900,39902,39903,17008,39905,914],{},"It removes falsy values such as ",[15,39901,2077],{},", empty strings, ",[15,39904,3713],{},[15,39906,3609],{},[373,39908,21356,39910,39912],{"id":39909},"should-i-use-filter-or-a-list-comprehension",[15,39911,37510],{}," or a list comprehension?",[20,39914,39915,39916,39918],{},"Both work. Many beginners find list comprehensions or ",[15,39917,5892],{}," loops easier to read.",[20,39920,39921],{},"If your goal is simple filtering:",[185,39923,39924,39930,39936],{},[188,39925,39926,39927,39929],{},"use ",[15,39928,37510],{}," when you already have a test function or want a functional style",[188,39931,39932,39933,39935],{},"use a ",[15,39934,5892],{}," loop when you want the clearest step-by-step logic",[188,39937,39938],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a short and readable result list",[20,39940,39941,39942,914],{},"For a task-based example, see ",[360,39943,5066],{"href":39944},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python\u002F",[33,39946,1825],{"id":1824},[185,39948,39949,39954,39958,39963,39969],{},[188,39950,39951],{},[360,39952,39953],{"href":38389},"Lambda functions in Python explained",[188,39955,39956],{},[360,39957,5153],{"href":39944},[188,39959,39960],{},[360,39961,39962],{"href":39118},"List comprehensions in Python explained",[188,39964,39965],{},[360,39966,13,39967,1834],{"href":39849},[15,39968,39652],{},[188,39970,39971],{},[360,39972,5148],{"href":5520},[1875,39974,39975],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki 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code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":65,"depth":65,"links":39977},[39978,39979,39981,39985,39988,39990,39992,39994,39996,40006,40018],{"id":35,"depth":65,"text":36},{"id":37644,"depth":65,"text":39980},"What filter() does",{"id":37778,"depth":65,"text":37779,"children":39982},[39983,39984],{"id":37795,"depth":88,"text":37795},{"id":3655,"depth":88,"text":3655},{"id":37954,"depth":65,"text":37955,"children":39986},[39987],{"id":38125,"depth":88,"text":38126},{"id":38238,"depth":65,"text":39989},"Using filter() with lambda",{"id":38393,"depth":65,"text":39991},"Using filter() with a named function",{"id":38555,"depth":65,"text":39993},"Using None with filter()",{"id":38735,"depth":65,"text":39995},"When to use filter()",{"id":2774,"depth":65,"text":2775,"children":39997},[39998,40000,40002,40003,40004],{"id":39128,"depth":88,"text":39999},"Expecting filter() to return a list",{"id":39261,"depth":88,"text":40001},"Using a test function that does not return True or False clearly",{"id":39386,"depth":88,"text":39387},{"id":39571,"depth":88,"text":39572},{"id":39647,"depth":88,"text":40005},"Confusing filter() with map()",{"id":1761,"depth":65,"text":1762,"children":40007},[40008,40010,40012,40014,40016],{"id":39856,"depth":88,"text":40009},"Does filter() return a list in Python 3?",{"id":39868,"depth":88,"text":40011},"What does the function inside filter() need to return?",{"id":39883,"depth":88,"text":40013},"Can I use filter() without lambda?",{"id":39892,"depth":88,"text":40015},"What does filter(None, items) do?",{"id":39909,"depth":88,"text":40017},"Should I use filter() or a list comprehension?",{"id":1824,"depth":65,"text":1825},"Master python filter function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained",{"title":37502,"description":40019},"reference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained","J9FdKm1wa-c3gDwJ_QQuBfzCHZa4aHKoE2spSvz7L8I",{"id":40026,"title":40027,"body":40028,"description":42175,"extension":1922,"meta":42176,"navigation":91,"path":42177,"seo":42178,"stem":42179,"__hash__":42180},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained.md","Python float() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":40029,"toc":42129},[40030,40033,40038,40044,40046,40097,40099,40117,40122,40126,40131,40134,40149,40152,40174,40176,40225,40227,40251,40253,40255,40270,40275,40283,40298,40300,40309,40312,40346,40350,40355,40359,40366,40401,40403,40419,40423,40426,40467,40469,40483,40487,40490,40514,40516,40525,40529,40532,40565,40567,40580,40584,40590,40609,40611,40619,40623,40628,40632,40638,40661,40663,40692,40695,40714,40718,40721,40748,40750,40784,40788,40791,40815,40819,40830,40832,40837,40843,40845,40929,40931,40973,40976,40980,40987,40996,41052,41059,41068,41073,41077,41148,41150,41159,41163,41166,41210,41212,41221,41225,41231,41281,41285,41290,41294,41318,41320,41329,41333,41357,41359,41370,41374,41398,41400,41409,41412,41429,41435,41439,41445,41448,41453,41456,41477,41479,41511,41514,41519,41521,41532,41534,41578,41582,41589,41641,41643,41652,41656,41659,41752,41755,41779,41783,41786,41878,41883,41887,41894,41899,41923,41925,41934,41939,41962,41964,41972,41979,42002,42010,42012,42025,42035,42037,42041,42048,42052,42060,42064,42071,42075,42079,42083,42095,42097,42126],[10,40031,40027],{"id":40032},"python-float-function-explained",[20,40034,9055,40035,40037],{},[15,40036,1395],{}," function converts a value into a floating-point number.",[20,40039,40040,40041,40043],{},"This is useful when you need decimal numbers in Python, especially when working with user input, file data, or numeric strings. In this guide, you will learn what ",[15,40042,1395],{}," does, what values it accepts, what errors it can raise, and how to use it safely.",[33,40045,36],{"id":35},[38,40047,40049],{"className":40,"code":40048,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(True))\n",[15,40050,40051,40065,40083],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40052,40053,40055,40057,40059,40061,40063],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40054,99],{"class":98},[47,40056,78],{"class":77},[47,40058,1755],{"class":73},[47,40060,78],{"class":77},[47,40062,2094],{"class":61},[47,40064,123],{"class":77},[47,40066,40067,40069,40071,40073,40075,40077,40079,40081],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,40068,99],{"class":98},[47,40070,78],{"class":77},[47,40072,1755],{"class":73},[47,40074,78],{"class":77},[47,40076,309],{"class":151},[47,40078,203],{"class":155},[47,40080,309],{"class":151},[47,40082,123],{"class":77},[47,40084,40085,40087,40089,40091,40093,40095],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,40086,99],{"class":98},[47,40088,78],{"class":77},[47,40090,1755],{"class":73},[47,40092,78],{"class":77},[47,40094,212],{"class":571},[47,40096,123],{"class":77},[20,40098,129],{},[38,40100,40102],{"className":40,"code":40101,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"5.0\n3.14\n1.0\n",[15,40103,40104,40108,40112],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40105,40106],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40107,2426],{"class":61},[47,40109,40110],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,40111,538],{"class":61},[47,40113,40114],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,40115,40116],{"class":61},"1.0\n",[20,40118,165,40119,40121],{},[15,40120,1395],{}," to convert compatible values like integers, numeric strings, and booleans into floating-point numbers.",[33,40123,40125],{"id":40124},"what-float-does","What float() does",[20,40127,40128,40130],{},[15,40129,1395],{}," converts a value to a floating-point number.",[20,40132,40133],{},"A floating-point number is a number that can contain a decimal part, such as:",[185,40135,40136,40140,40144],{},[188,40137,40138],{},[15,40139,2438],{},[188,40141,40142],{},[15,40143,203],{},[188,40145,40146],{},[15,40147,40148],{},"0.5",[20,40150,40151],{},"A few key points:",[185,40153,40154,40161,40164,40167],{},[188,40155,40156,40158,40159],{},[15,40157,1395],{}," returns a value of type ",[15,40160,1755],{},[188,40162,40163],{},"The result is always a floating-point number",[188,40165,40166],{},"It is often used to turn text into a number",[188,40168,40169,40170],{},"It is especially useful with values returned by ",[360,40171,40172],{"href":8151},[15,40173,2900],{},[20,40175,800],{},[38,40177,40179],{"className":40,"code":40178,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"number = float(\"2.75\")\nprint(number)\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,40180,40181,40201,40211],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40182,40183,40185,40187,40190,40192,40194,40197,40199],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40184,386],{"class":53},[47,40186,58],{"class":57},[47,40188,40189],{"class":73}," float",[47,40191,78],{"class":77},[47,40193,309],{"class":151},[47,40195,40196],{"class":155},"2.75",[47,40198,309],{"class":151},[47,40200,85],{"class":77},[47,40202,40203,40205,40207,40209],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,40204,99],{"class":98},[47,40206,78],{"class":77},[47,40208,404],{"class":81},[47,40210,85],{"class":77},[47,40212,40213,40215,40217,40219,40221,40223],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,40214,99],{"class":98},[47,40216,78],{"class":77},[47,40218,116],{"class":73},[47,40220,78],{"class":77},[47,40222,404],{"class":81},[47,40224,123],{"class":77},[20,40226,129],{},[38,40228,40230],{"className":40,"code":40229,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"2.75\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,40231,40232,40237],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40233,40234],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40235,40236],{"class":61},"2.75\n",[47,40238,40239,40241,40243,40245,40247,40249],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,40240,144],{"class":57},[47,40242,148],{"class":147},[47,40244,152],{"class":151},[47,40246,1755],{"class":155},[47,40248,159],{"class":151},[47,40250,162],{"class":57},[33,40252,245],{"id":244},[20,40254,248],{},[38,40256,40258],{"className":40,"code":40257,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"float(value)\n",[15,40259,40260],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40261,40262,40264,40266,40268],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40263,1755],{"class":73},[47,40265,78],{"class":77},[47,40267,585],{"class":81},[47,40269,85],{"class":77},[20,40271,40272,40273,914],{},"In most code, you pass one argument to ",[15,40274,1395],{},[20,40276,40277,40278,40280,40281,2826],{},"If you call ",[15,40279,1395],{}," with no argument, Python returns ",[15,40282,3703],{},[38,40284,40286],{"className":40,"code":40285,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(float())\n",[15,40287,40288],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40289,40290,40292,40294,40296],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40291,99],{"class":98},[47,40293,78],{"class":77},[47,40295,1755],{"class":73},[47,40297,7127],{"class":77},[20,40299,129],{},[38,40301,40303],{"className":40,"code":40302,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"0.0\n",[15,40304,40305],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40306,40307],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40308,40302],{"class":61},[20,40310,40311],{},"You can print the result directly or store it in a variable:",[38,40313,40315],{"className":40,"code":40314,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"price = float(\"19.99\")\nprint(price)\n",[15,40316,40317,40336],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40318,40319,40321,40323,40325,40327,40329,40332,40334],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40320,476],{"class":53},[47,40322,58],{"class":57},[47,40324,40189],{"class":73},[47,40326,78],{"class":77},[47,40328,309],{"class":151},[47,40330,40331],{"class":155},"19.99",[47,40333,309],{"class":151},[47,40335,85],{"class":77},[47,40337,40338,40340,40342,40344],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,40339,99],{"class":98},[47,40341,78],{"class":77},[47,40343,494],{"class":81},[47,40345,85],{"class":77},[33,40347,40349],{"id":40348},"values-float-can-convert","Values float() can convert",[20,40351,40352,40354],{},[15,40353,1395],{}," can convert several common value types.",[373,40356,40358],{"id":40357},"integers","Integers",[20,40360,40361,40362,40365],{},"An integer becomes a float with ",[15,40363,40364],{},".0"," added:",[38,40367,40369],{"className":40,"code":40368,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(-2))\n",[15,40370,40371,40385],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40372,40373,40375,40377,40379,40381,40383],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40374,99],{"class":98},[47,40376,78],{"class":77},[47,40378,1755],{"class":73},[47,40380,78],{"class":77},[47,40382,2094],{"class":61},[47,40384,123],{"class":77},[47,40386,40387,40389,40391,40393,40395,40397,40399],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,40388,99],{"class":98},[47,40390,78],{"class":77},[47,40392,1755],{"class":73},[47,40394,78],{"class":77},[47,40396,1981],{"class":57},[47,40398,2016],{"class":61},[47,40400,123],{"class":77},[20,40402,129],{},[38,40404,40406],{"className":40,"code":40405,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"5.0\n-2.0\n",[15,40407,40408,40412],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40409,40410],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40411,2426],{"class":61},[47,40413,40414,40416],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,40415,1981],{"class":57},[47,40417,40418],{"class":61},"2.0\n",[373,40420,40422],{"id":40421},"numeric-strings","Numeric strings",[20,40424,40425],{},"Strings containing valid numbers can be converted:",[38,40427,40429],{"className":40,"code":40428,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(\"10\"))\n",[15,40430,40431,40449],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40432,40433,40435,40437,40439,40441,40443,40445,40447],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40434,99],{"class":98},[47,40436,78],{"class":77},[47,40438,1755],{"class":73},[47,40440,78],{"class":77},[47,40442,309],{"class":151},[47,40444,203],{"class":155},[47,40446,309],{"class":151},[47,40448,123],{"class":77},[47,40450,40451,40453,40455,40457,40459,40461,40463,40465],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,40452,99],{"class":98},[47,40454,78],{"class":77},[47,40456,1755],{"class":73},[47,40458,78],{"class":77},[47,40460,309],{"class":151},[47,40462,193],{"class":155},[47,40464,309],{"class":151},[47,40466,123],{"class":77},[20,40468,129],{},[38,40470,40472],{"className":40,"code":40471,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"3.14\n10.0\n",[15,40473,40474,40478],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40475,40476],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40477,538],{"class":61},[47,40479,40480],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,40481,40482],{"class":61},"10.0\n",[373,40484,40486],{"id":40485},"strings-with-spaces","Strings with spaces",[20,40488,40489],{},"Extra spaces around the number are usually fine:",[38,40491,40493],{"className":40,"code":40492,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(float(\"  8.5  \"))\n",[15,40494,40495],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40496,40497,40499,40501,40503,40505,40507,40510,40512],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40498,99],{"class":98},[47,40500,78],{"class":77},[47,40502,1755],{"class":73},[47,40504,78],{"class":77},[47,40506,309],{"class":151},[47,40508,40509],{"class":155},"  8.5  ",[47,40511,309],{"class":151},[47,40513,123],{"class":77},[20,40515,129],{},[38,40517,40519],{"className":40,"code":40518,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"8.5\n",[15,40520,40521],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40522,40523],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40524,40518],{"class":61},[373,40526,40528],{"id":40527},"booleans","Booleans",[20,40530,40531],{},"Boolean values also work:",[38,40533,40535],{"className":40,"code":40534,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(float(True))\nprint(float(False))\n",[15,40536,40537,40551],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40538,40539,40541,40543,40545,40547,40549],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40540,99],{"class":98},[47,40542,78],{"class":77},[47,40544,1755],{"class":73},[47,40546,78],{"class":77},[47,40548,212],{"class":571},[47,40550,123],{"class":77},[47,40552,40553,40555,40557,40559,40561,40563],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,40554,99],{"class":98},[47,40556,78],{"class":77},[47,40558,1755],{"class":73},[47,40560,78],{"class":77},[47,40562,3609],{"class":571},[47,40564,123],{"class":77},[20,40566,129],{},[38,40568,40570],{"className":40,"code":40569,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"1.0\n0.0\n",[15,40571,40572,40576],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40573,40574],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40575,40116],{"class":61},[47,40577,40578],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,40579,40302],{"class":61},[373,40581,40583],{"id":40582},"existing-floats","Existing floats",[20,40585,40586,40587,40589],{},"If the value is already a float, ",[15,40588,1395],{}," returns a float version of it:",[38,40591,40593],{"className":40,"code":40592,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(float(4.2))\n",[15,40594,40595],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40596,40597,40599,40601,40603,40605,40607],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40598,99],{"class":98},[47,40600,78],{"class":77},[47,40602,1755],{"class":73},[47,40604,78],{"class":77},[47,40606,2312],{"class":61},[47,40608,123],{"class":77},[20,40610,129],{},[38,40612,40613],{"className":40,"code":2335,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,40614,40615],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40616,40617],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40618,2335],{"class":61},[33,40620,40622],{"id":40621},"values-that-cause-errors","Values that cause errors",[20,40624,40625,40626,914],{},"Some values cannot be converted by ",[15,40627,1395],{},[373,40629,40631],{"id":40630},"non-numeric-text","Non-numeric text",[20,40633,40634,40635,2826],{},"If the string does not contain a valid number, Python raises a ",[15,40636,40637],{},"ValueError",[38,40639,40641],{"className":40,"code":40640,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(float(\"hello\"))\n",[15,40642,40643],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40644,40645,40647,40649,40651,40653,40655,40657,40659],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40646,99],{"class":98},[47,40648,78],{"class":77},[47,40650,1755],{"class":73},[47,40652,78],{"class":77},[47,40654,309],{"class":151},[47,40656,3781],{"class":155},[47,40658,309],{"class":151},[47,40660,123],{"class":77},[20,40662,29615],{},[38,40664,40666],{"className":40,"code":40665,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"ValueError: could not convert string to float: 'hello'\n",[15,40667,40668],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40669,40670,40672,40674,40677,40679,40682,40684,40686,40688,40690],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40671,40637],{"class":73},[47,40673,2826],{"class":77},[47,40675,40676],{"class":53}," could ",[47,40678,768],{"class":57},[47,40680,40681],{"class":53}," convert string to ",[47,40683,1755],{"class":73},[47,40685,2826],{"class":77},[47,40687,152],{"class":151},[47,40689,3781],{"class":155},[47,40691,29634],{"class":151},[20,40693,40694],{},"This also happens with an empty string:",[38,40696,40698],{"className":40,"code":40697,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(float(\"\"))\n",[15,40699,40700],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40701,40702,40704,40706,40708,40710,40712],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40703,99],{"class":98},[47,40705,78],{"class":77},[47,40707,1755],{"class":73},[47,40709,78],{"class":77},[47,40711,6207],{"class":151},[47,40713,123],{"class":77},[373,40715,40717],{"id":40716},"unsupported-types","Unsupported types",[20,40719,40720],{},"Some types are not accepted directly, such as lists and dictionaries:",[38,40722,40724],{"className":40,"code":40723,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(float([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,40725,40726],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40727,40728,40730,40732,40734,40736,40738,40740,40742,40744,40746],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40729,99],{"class":98},[47,40731,78],{"class":77},[47,40733,1755],{"class":73},[47,40735,2928],{"class":77},[47,40737,665],{"class":61},[47,40739,668],{"class":77},[47,40741,671],{"class":61},[47,40743,668],{"class":77},[47,40745,676],{"class":61},[47,40747,2941],{"class":77},[20,40749,29615],{},[38,40751,40753],{"className":40,"code":40752,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"TypeError: float() argument must be a string or a real number, not 'list'\n",[15,40754,40755],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40756,40757,40759,40761,40763,40765,40768,40771,40774,40776,40778,40780,40782],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40758,2947],{"class":73},[47,40760,2826],{"class":77},[47,40762,40189],{"class":73},[47,40764,7298],{"class":77},[47,40766,40767],{"class":53}," argument must be a string ",[47,40769,40770],{"class":57},"or",[47,40772,40773],{"class":53}," a real number",[47,40775,668],{"class":77},[47,40777,8031],{"class":57},[47,40779,152],{"class":151},[47,40781,8025],{"class":155},[47,40783,29634],{"class":151},[373,40785,40787],{"id":40786},"strings-with-commas","Strings with commas",[20,40789,40790],{},"In normal Python code, a comma is not treated as a decimal point:",[38,40792,40794],{"className":40,"code":40793,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(float(\"3,14\"))\n",[15,40795,40796],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40797,40798,40800,40802,40804,40806,40808,40811,40813],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40799,99],{"class":98},[47,40801,78],{"class":77},[47,40803,1755],{"class":73},[47,40805,78],{"class":77},[47,40807,309],{"class":151},[47,40809,40810],{"class":155},"3,14",[47,40812,309],{"class":151},[47,40814,123],{"class":77},[20,40816,2944,40817,914],{},[15,40818,40637],{},[20,40820,40821,40822,4329,40826,914],{},"If you are fixing this specific problem, see ",[360,40823,40825],{"href":40824},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-float-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to float in Python",[360,40827,40829],{"href":40828},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-could-not-convert-string-to-float-fix\u002F","ValueError: could not convert string to float",[33,40831,1504],{"id":1503},[20,40833,40834,40836],{},[15,40835,1395],{}," returns a new float value.",[20,40838,40839,40840,40842],{},"It does ",[127,40841,768],{}," change the original value in place.",[20,40844,800],{},[38,40846,40848],{"className":40,"code":40847,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"6.5\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,40849,40850,40863,40877,40881,40891,40901,40915],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40851,40852,40854,40856,40858,40861],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40853,68],{"class":53},[47,40855,58],{"class":57},[47,40857,303],{"class":151},[47,40859,40860],{"class":155},"6.5",[47,40862,820],{"class":151},[47,40864,40865,40867,40869,40871,40873,40875],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,40866,386],{"class":53},[47,40868,58],{"class":57},[47,40870,40189],{"class":73},[47,40872,78],{"class":77},[47,40874,104],{"class":81},[47,40876,85],{"class":77},[47,40878,40879],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,40880,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,40882,40883,40885,40887,40889],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,40884,99],{"class":98},[47,40886,78],{"class":77},[47,40888,104],{"class":81},[47,40890,85],{"class":77},[47,40892,40893,40895,40897,40899],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,40894,99],{"class":98},[47,40896,78],{"class":77},[47,40898,404],{"class":81},[47,40900,85],{"class":77},[47,40902,40903,40905,40907,40909,40911,40913],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,40904,99],{"class":98},[47,40906,78],{"class":77},[47,40908,116],{"class":73},[47,40910,78],{"class":77},[47,40912,104],{"class":81},[47,40914,123],{"class":77},[47,40916,40917,40919,40921,40923,40925,40927],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,40918,99],{"class":98},[47,40920,78],{"class":77},[47,40922,116],{"class":73},[47,40924,78],{"class":77},[47,40926,404],{"class":81},[47,40928,123],{"class":77},[20,40930,129],{},[38,40932,40934],{"className":40,"code":40933,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"6.5\n6.5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,40935,40936,40941,40945,40959],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40937,40938],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40939,40940],{"class":61},"6.5\n",[47,40942,40943],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,40944,40940],{"class":61},[47,40946,40947,40949,40951,40953,40955,40957],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,40948,144],{"class":57},[47,40950,148],{"class":147},[47,40952,152],{"class":151},[47,40954,156],{"class":155},[47,40956,159],{"class":151},[47,40958,162],{"class":57},[47,40960,40961,40963,40965,40967,40969,40971],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,40962,144],{"class":57},[47,40964,148],{"class":147},[47,40966,152],{"class":151},[47,40968,1755],{"class":155},[47,40970,159],{"class":151},[47,40972,162],{"class":57},[20,40974,40975],{},"In real programs, you usually assign the result to a variable so you can use it later.",[33,40977,40979],{"id":40978},"common-beginner-use-cases","Common beginner use cases",[373,40981,40983,40984,40986],{"id":40982},"convert-input-text-into-a-decimal-number","Convert ",[15,40985,2900],{}," text into a decimal number",[20,40988,1939,40989,40993,40994,914],{},[360,40990,40991,366],{"href":8151},[15,40992,2900],{}," always returns a string. If you want to do math, you often need ",[15,40995,1395],{},[38,40997,40999],{"className":40,"code":40998,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"user_value = input(\"Enter a price: \")\nprice = float(user_value)\n\nprint(price * 2)\n",[15,41000,41001,41020,41034,41038],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41002,41003,41005,41007,41009,41011,41013,41016,41018],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41004,8168],{"class":53},[47,41006,58],{"class":57},[47,41008,8173],{"class":98},[47,41010,78],{"class":77},[47,41012,309],{"class":151},[47,41014,41015],{"class":155},"Enter a price: ",[47,41017,309],{"class":151},[47,41019,85],{"class":77},[47,41021,41022,41024,41026,41028,41030,41032],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,41023,476],{"class":53},[47,41025,58],{"class":57},[47,41027,40189],{"class":73},[47,41029,78],{"class":77},[47,41031,8197],{"class":81},[47,41033,85],{"class":77},[47,41035,41036],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,41037,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,41039,41040,41042,41044,41046,41048,41050],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,41041,99],{"class":98},[47,41043,78],{"class":77},[47,41045,476],{"class":81},[47,41047,39808],{"class":57},[47,41049,671],{"class":61},[47,41051,85],{"class":77},[20,41053,41054,41055,41058],{},"If the user enters ",[15,41056,41057],{},"4.5",", the output will be:",[38,41060,41062],{"className":40,"code":41061,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"9.0\n",[15,41063,41064],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41065,41066],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41067,41061],{"class":61},[20,41069,41070,41071,914],{},"For more help with this, see ",[360,41072,8913],{"href":8912},[373,41074,41076],{"id":41075},"prepare-values-for-math","Prepare values for math",[38,41078,41080],{"className":40,"code":41079,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = \"2.5\"\nb = \"1.5\"\n\ntotal = float(a) + float(b)\nprint(total)\n",[15,41081,41082,41095,41108,41112,41137],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41083,41084,41086,41088,41090,41093],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41085,2501],{"class":53},[47,41087,58],{"class":57},[47,41089,303],{"class":151},[47,41091,41092],{"class":155},"2.5",[47,41094,820],{"class":151},[47,41096,41097,41099,41101,41103,41106],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,41098,2529],{"class":53},[47,41100,58],{"class":57},[47,41102,303],{"class":151},[47,41104,41105],{"class":155},"1.5",[47,41107,820],{"class":151},[47,41109,41110],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,41111,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,41113,41114,41117,41119,41121,41123,41125,41127,41129,41131,41133,41135],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,41115,41116],{"class":53},"total ",[47,41118,58],{"class":57},[47,41120,40189],{"class":73},[47,41122,78],{"class":77},[47,41124,360],{"class":81},[47,41126,862],{"class":77},[47,41128,312],{"class":57},[47,41130,40189],{"class":73},[47,41132,78],{"class":77},[47,41134,4696],{"class":81},[47,41136,85],{"class":77},[47,41138,41139,41141,41143,41146],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,41140,99],{"class":98},[47,41142,78],{"class":77},[47,41144,41145],{"class":81},"total",[47,41147,85],{"class":77},[20,41149,129],{},[38,41151,41153],{"className":40,"code":41152,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"4.0\n",[15,41154,41155],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41156,41157],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41158,41152],{"class":61},[373,41160,41162],{"id":41161},"convert-whole-numbers-to-floats","Convert whole numbers to floats",[20,41164,41165],{},"Sometimes a function or calculation expects float values:",[38,41167,41169],{"className":40,"code":41168,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"count = 7\nresult = float(count)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,41170,41171,41181,41196,41200],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41172,41173,41176,41178],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41174,41175],{"class":53},"count ",[47,41177,58],{"class":57},[47,41179,41180],{"class":61}," 7\n",[47,41182,41183,41185,41187,41189,41191,41194],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,41184,2184],{"class":53},[47,41186,58],{"class":57},[47,41188,40189],{"class":73},[47,41190,78],{"class":77},[47,41192,41193],{"class":81},"count",[47,41195,85],{"class":77},[47,41197,41198],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,41199,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,41201,41202,41204,41206,41208],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,41203,99],{"class":98},[47,41205,78],{"class":77},[47,41207,2218],{"class":81},[47,41209,85],{"class":77},[20,41211,129],{},[38,41213,41215],{"className":40,"code":41214,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"7.0\n",[15,41216,41217],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41218,41219],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41220,41214],{"class":61},[373,41222,41224],{"id":41223},"convert-numbers-read-from-files-or-apis","Convert numbers read from files or APIs",[20,41226,41227,41228,41230],{},"Data often arrives as strings. ",[15,41229,1395],{}," helps turn that text into usable numbers.",[38,41232,41234],{"className":40,"code":41233,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"temperature_text = \"21.8\"\ntemperature = float(temperature_text)\n\nprint(temperature)\n",[15,41235,41236,41250,41266,41270],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41237,41238,41241,41243,41245,41248],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41239,41240],{"class":53},"temperature_text ",[47,41242,58],{"class":57},[47,41244,303],{"class":151},[47,41246,41247],{"class":155},"21.8",[47,41249,820],{"class":151},[47,41251,41252,41255,41257,41259,41261,41264],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,41253,41254],{"class":53},"temperature ",[47,41256,58],{"class":57},[47,41258,40189],{"class":73},[47,41260,78],{"class":77},[47,41262,41263],{"class":81},"temperature_text",[47,41265,85],{"class":77},[47,41267,41268],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,41269,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,41271,41272,41274,41276,41279],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,41273,99],{"class":98},[47,41275,78],{"class":77},[47,41277,41278],{"class":81},"temperature",[47,41280,85],{"class":77},[33,41282,41284],{"id":41283},"special-values","Special values",[20,41286,41287,41289],{},[15,41288,1395],{}," can also create some special floating-point values.",[373,41291,41293],{"id":41292},"positive-infinity","Positive infinity",[38,41295,41297],{"className":40,"code":41296,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(float(\"inf\"))\n",[15,41298,41299],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41300,41301,41303,41305,41307,41309,41311,41314,41316],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41302,99],{"class":98},[47,41304,78],{"class":77},[47,41306,1755],{"class":73},[47,41308,78],{"class":77},[47,41310,309],{"class":151},[47,41312,41313],{"class":155},"inf",[47,41315,309],{"class":151},[47,41317,123],{"class":77},[20,41319,129],{},[38,41321,41323],{"className":40,"code":41322,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"inf\n",[15,41324,41325],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41326,41327],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41328,41322],{"class":53},[373,41330,41332],{"id":41331},"negative-infinity","Negative infinity",[38,41334,41336],{"className":40,"code":41335,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(float(\"-inf\"))\n",[15,41337,41338],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41339,41340,41342,41344,41346,41348,41350,41353,41355],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41341,99],{"class":98},[47,41343,78],{"class":77},[47,41345,1755],{"class":73},[47,41347,78],{"class":77},[47,41349,309],{"class":151},[47,41351,41352],{"class":155},"-inf",[47,41354,309],{"class":151},[47,41356,123],{"class":77},[20,41358,129],{},[38,41360,41362],{"className":40,"code":41361,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"-inf\n",[15,41363,41364],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41365,41366,41368],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41367,1981],{"class":57},[47,41369,41322],{"class":53},[373,41371,41373],{"id":41372},"not-a-number","Not a number",[38,41375,41377],{"className":40,"code":41376,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(float(\"nan\"))\n",[15,41378,41379],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41380,41381,41383,41385,41387,41389,41391,41394,41396],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41382,99],{"class":98},[47,41384,78],{"class":77},[47,41386,1755],{"class":73},[47,41388,78],{"class":77},[47,41390,309],{"class":151},[47,41392,41393],{"class":155},"nan",[47,41395,309],{"class":151},[47,41397,123],{"class":77},[20,41399,129],{},[38,41401,41403],{"className":40,"code":41402,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"nan\n",[15,41404,41405],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41406,41407],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41408,41402],{"class":53},[20,41410,41411],{},"These values are valid floats, but they can be confusing at first:",[185,41413,41414,41419,41424],{},[188,41415,41416,41418],{},[15,41417,41313],{}," means positive infinity",[188,41420,41421,41423],{},[15,41422,41352],{}," means negative infinity",[188,41425,41426,41428],{},[15,41427,41393],{}," means “not a number”",[20,41430,41431,41432,41434],{},"Beginners usually do not need these right away, but it is helpful to know that ",[15,41433,1395],{}," accepts them.",[33,41436,41438],{"id":41437},"common-errors-and-fixes","Common errors and fixes",[20,41440,41441,41442,41444],{},"The most common problems with ",[15,41443,1395],{}," happen when the value is not in the right format.",[373,41446,40637],{"id":41447},"valueerror",[20,41449,15123,41450,41452],{},[15,41451,40637],{}," happens when the value is the right general type, usually a string, but the string is not a valid number.",[20,41454,41455],{},"Common causes:",[185,41457,41458,41464,41467,41470],{},[188,41459,41460,41461],{},"Passing non-numeric text like ",[15,41462,41463],{},"\"abc\"",[188,41465,41466],{},"Trying to convert an empty string",[188,41468,41469],{},"Using a comma instead of a decimal point",[188,41471,4639,41472],{},[360,41473,41474,41476],{"href":8151},[15,41475,2900],{}," returns a string",[20,41478,800],{},[38,41480,41482],{"className":40,"code":41481,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = \"abc\"\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,41483,41484,41497],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41485,41486,41488,41490,41492,41495],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41487,566],{"class":53},[47,41489,58],{"class":57},[47,41491,303],{"class":151},[47,41493,41494],{"class":155},"abc",[47,41496,820],{"class":151},[47,41498,41499,41501,41503,41505,41507,41509],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,41500,99],{"class":98},[47,41502,78],{"class":77},[47,41504,1755],{"class":73},[47,41506,78],{"class":77},[47,41508,585],{"class":81},[47,41510,123],{"class":77},[373,41512,2947],{"id":41513},"typeerror",[20,41515,15123,41516,41518],{},[15,41517,2947],{}," happens when the value type cannot be converted directly.",[20,41520,41455],{},[185,41522,41523,41526,41529],{},[188,41524,41525],{},"Passing a list",[188,41527,41528],{},"Passing a dictionary",[188,41530,41531],{},"Passing another unsupported type",[20,41533,800],{},[38,41535,41537],{"className":40,"code":41536,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = {\"price\": \"9.99\"}\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,41538,41539,41564],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41540,41541,41543,41545,41547,41549,41551,41553,41555,41557,41560,41562],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41542,566],{"class":53},[47,41544,58],{"class":57},[47,41546,10423],{"class":77},[47,41548,309],{"class":151},[47,41550,494],{"class":155},[47,41552,309],{"class":151},[47,41554,2826],{"class":77},[47,41556,303],{"class":151},[47,41558,41559],{"class":155},"9.99",[47,41561,309],{"class":151},[47,41563,9240],{"class":77},[47,41565,41566,41568,41570,41572,41574,41576],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,41567,99],{"class":98},[47,41569,78],{"class":77},[47,41571,1755],{"class":73},[47,41573,78],{"class":77},[47,41575,585],{"class":81},[47,41577,123],{"class":77},[373,41579,41581],{"id":41580},"clean-the-string-first","Clean the string first",[20,41583,41584,41585,41588],{},"If the string may contain extra spaces, ",[15,41586,41587],{},"strip()"," can help:",[38,41590,41592],{"className":40,"code":41591,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = \"  7.25  \"\nclean_value = value.strip()\n\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41593,41594,41607,41622,41626],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41595,41596,41598,41600,41602,41605],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41597,566],{"class":53},[47,41599,58],{"class":57},[47,41601,303],{"class":151},[47,41603,41604],{"class":155},"  7.25  ",[47,41606,820],{"class":151},[47,41608,41609,41612,41614,41616,41618,41620],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,41610,41611],{"class":53},"clean_value ",[47,41613,58],{"class":57},[47,41615,8364],{"class":53},[47,41617,914],{"class":77},[47,41619,8565],{"class":81},[47,41621,8574],{"class":77},[47,41623,41624],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,41625,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,41627,41628,41630,41632,41634,41636,41639],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,41629,99],{"class":98},[47,41631,78],{"class":77},[47,41633,1755],{"class":73},[47,41635,78],{"class":77},[47,41637,41638],{"class":81},"clean_value",[47,41640,123],{"class":77},[20,41642,129],{},[38,41644,41646],{"className":40,"code":41645,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"7.25\n",[15,41647,41648],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41649,41650],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41651,41645],{"class":61},[373,41653,41655],{"id":41654},"use-debugging-prints","Use debugging prints",[20,41657,41658],{},"If conversion fails, these checks are useful:",[38,41660,41662],{"className":40,"code":41661,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = \" 3.5 \"\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n\nclean_value = value.strip()\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41663,41664,41677,41681,41691,41705,41720,41724,41738],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41665,41666,41668,41670,41672,41675],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41667,566],{"class":53},[47,41669,58],{"class":57},[47,41671,303],{"class":151},[47,41673,41674],{"class":155}," 3.5 ",[47,41676,820],{"class":151},[47,41678,41679],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,41680,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,41682,41683,41685,41687,41689],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,41684,99],{"class":98},[47,41686,78],{"class":77},[47,41688,585],{"class":81},[47,41690,85],{"class":77},[47,41692,41693,41695,41697,41699,41701,41703],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,41694,99],{"class":98},[47,41696,78],{"class":77},[47,41698,116],{"class":73},[47,41700,78],{"class":77},[47,41702,585],{"class":81},[47,41704,123],{"class":77},[47,41706,41707,41709,41711,41714,41716,41718],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,41708,99],{"class":98},[47,41710,78],{"class":77},[47,41712,41713],{"class":98},"repr",[47,41715,78],{"class":77},[47,41717,585],{"class":81},[47,41719,123],{"class":77},[47,41721,41722],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,41723,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,41725,41726,41728,41730,41732,41734,41736],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,41727,41611],{"class":53},[47,41729,58],{"class":57},[47,41731,8364],{"class":53},[47,41733,914],{"class":77},[47,41735,8565],{"class":81},[47,41737,8574],{"class":77},[47,41739,41740,41742,41744,41746,41748,41750],{"class":49,"line":1734},[47,41741,99],{"class":98},[47,41743,78],{"class":77},[47,41745,1755],{"class":73},[47,41747,78],{"class":77},[47,41749,41638],{"class":81},[47,41751,123],{"class":77},[20,41753,41754],{},"Why this helps:",[185,41756,41757,41763,41768,41774],{},[188,41758,41759,41762],{},[15,41760,41761],{},"print(value)"," shows the visible content",[188,41764,41765,21303],{},[15,41766,41767],{},"print(type(value))",[188,41769,41770,41773],{},[15,41771,41772],{},"print(repr(value))"," reveals hidden spaces or characters",[188,41775,41776,41778],{},[15,41777,41587],{}," removes spaces at the start and end",[373,41780,41782],{"id":41781},"use-try-except-for-unsafe-input","Use try-except for unsafe input",[20,41784,41785],{},"If the value may not be valid, handle the error safely:",[38,41787,41789],{"className":40,"code":41788,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\ntry:\n    number = float(value)\n    print(\"Converted:\", number)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"That is not a valid number.\")\n",[15,41790,41791,41810,41814,41820,41835,41854,41863],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41792,41793,41795,41797,41799,41801,41803,41806,41808],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41794,566],{"class":53},[47,41796,58],{"class":57},[47,41798,8173],{"class":98},[47,41800,78],{"class":77},[47,41802,309],{"class":151},[47,41804,41805],{"class":155},"Enter a number: ",[47,41807,309],{"class":151},[47,41809,85],{"class":77},[47,41811,41812],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,41813,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,41815,41816,41818],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,41817,29738],{"class":3812},[47,41819,6329],{"class":77},[47,41821,41822,41825,41827,41829,41831,41833],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,41823,41824],{"class":53},"    number ",[47,41826,58],{"class":57},[47,41828,40189],{"class":73},[47,41830,78],{"class":77},[47,41832,585],{"class":81},[47,41834,85],{"class":77},[47,41836,41837,41839,41841,41843,41846,41848,41850,41852],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,41838,8000],{"class":98},[47,41840,78],{"class":77},[47,41842,309],{"class":151},[47,41844,41845],{"class":155},"Converted:",[47,41847,309],{"class":151},[47,41849,668],{"class":77},[47,41851,2152],{"class":81},[47,41853,85],{"class":77},[47,41855,41856,41858,41861],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,41857,29769],{"class":3812},[47,41859,41860],{"class":73}," ValueError",[47,41862,6329],{"class":77},[47,41864,41865,41867,41869,41871,41874,41876],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,41866,8000],{"class":98},[47,41868,78],{"class":77},[47,41870,309],{"class":151},[47,41872,41873],{"class":155},"That is not a valid number.",[47,41875,309],{"class":151},[47,41877,85],{"class":77},[20,41879,41880,41881,914],{},"If you are dealing with this exact error, see ",[360,41882,40829],{"href":40828},[33,41884,41886],{"id":41885},"float-vs-int","float() vs int()",[20,41888,10522,41889,4329,41891,41893],{},[15,41890,1395],{},[15,41892,1388],{}," convert values to numbers, but they do not behave the same way.",[20,41895,41896,41898],{},[15,41897,1395],{}," creates decimal numbers:",[38,41900,41902],{"className":40,"code":41901,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(float(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,41903,41904],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41905,41906,41908,41910,41912,41914,41916,41919,41921],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41907,99],{"class":98},[47,41909,78],{"class":77},[47,41911,1755],{"class":73},[47,41913,78],{"class":77},[47,41915,309],{"class":151},[47,41917,41918],{"class":155},"3.9",[47,41920,309],{"class":151},[47,41922,123],{"class":77},[20,41924,129],{},[38,41926,41928],{"className":40,"code":41927,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"3.9\n",[15,41929,41930],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41931,41932],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41933,41927],{"class":61},[20,41935,41936,41938],{},[15,41937,1388],{}," creates whole numbers:",[38,41940,41942],{"className":40,"code":41941,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(int(\"10\"))\n",[15,41943,41944],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41945,41946,41948,41950,41952,41954,41956,41958,41960],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41947,99],{"class":98},[47,41949,78],{"class":77},[47,41951,1050],{"class":73},[47,41953,78],{"class":77},[47,41955,309],{"class":151},[47,41957,193],{"class":155},[47,41959,309],{"class":151},[47,41961,123],{"class":77},[20,41963,129],{},[38,41965,41966],{"className":40,"code":448,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,41967,41968],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41969,41970],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41971,448],{"class":61},[20,41973,41974,41975,41978],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,41976,41977],{},"int(\"3.9\")"," to work:",[38,41980,41982],{"className":40,"code":41981,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(int(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,41983,41984],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41985,41986,41988,41990,41992,41994,41996,41998,42000],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41987,99],{"class":98},[47,41989,78],{"class":77},[47,41991,1050],{"class":73},[47,41993,78],{"class":77},[47,41995,309],{"class":151},[47,41997,41918],{"class":155},[47,41999,309],{"class":151},[47,42001,123],{"class":77},[20,42003,2944,42004,8532,42006,42009],{},[15,42005,40637],{},[15,42007,42008],{},"\"3.9\""," is not a valid integer string.",[20,42011,10645],{},[185,42013,42014,42020],{},[188,42015,42016,42019],{},[15,42017,42018],{},"float(\"3.9\")"," works",[188,42021,42022,42024],{},[15,42023,41977],{}," fails",[20,42026,42027,42028,42031,42032,42034],{},"If you want a full comparison, see ",[360,42029,42030],{"href":1385},"Python int() Function Explained",". You may also find ",[360,42033,2369],{"href":2368}," helpful.",[33,42036,1762],{"id":1761},[373,42038,42040],{"id":42039},"what-does-float-return-in-python","What does float() return in Python?",[20,42042,42043,42044,1389,42046,914],{},"It returns a floating-point number, such as ",[15,42045,2438],{},[15,42047,203],{},[373,42049,42051],{"id":42050},"can-float-convert-a-string","Can float() convert a string?",[20,42053,42054,42055,1389,42058,914],{},"Yes, if the string contains a valid number like ",[15,42056,42057],{},"\"2.5\"",[15,42059,197],{},[373,42061,42063],{"id":42062},"why-does-floatabc-fail","Why does float(\"abc\") fail?",[20,42065,28995,42066,42068,42069,914],{},[15,42067,41463],{}," is not a valid numeric string, so Python raises a ",[15,42070,40637],{},[373,42072,42074],{"id":42073},"what-does-float-with-no-argument-return","What does float() with no argument return?",[20,42076,5080,42077,914],{},[15,42078,3703],{},[373,42080,42082],{"id":42081},"can-float-convert-true-and-false","Can float() convert True and False?",[20,42084,42085,42086,194,42088,4329,42091,194,42093,914],{},"Yes. ",[15,42087,212],{},[15,42089,42090],{},"1.0",[15,42092,3609],{},[15,42094,3703],{},[33,42096,1825],{"id":1824},[185,42098,42099,42103,42108,42113,42117,42121],{},[188,42100,42101],{},[360,42102,42030],{"href":1385},[188,42104,42105],{},[360,42106,5],{"href":42107},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained\u002F",[188,42109,42110],{},[360,42111,42112],{"href":40824},"How to convert a string to float in Python",[188,42114,42115],{},[360,42116,8990],{"href":8912},[188,42118,42119],{},[360,42120,40829],{"href":40828},[188,42122,42123],{},[360,42124,42125],{"href":8151},"Python input() Function Explained",[1875,42127,42128],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":65,"depth":65,"links":42130},[42131,42132,42133,42134,42141,42146,42147,42154,42159,42166,42167,42174],{"id":35,"depth":65,"text":36},{"id":40124,"depth":65,"text":40125},{"id":244,"depth":65,"text":245},{"id":40348,"depth":65,"text":40349,"children":42135},[42136,42137,42138,42139,42140],{"id":40357,"depth":88,"text":40358},{"id":40421,"depth":88,"text":40422},{"id":40485,"depth":88,"text":40486},{"id":40527,"depth":88,"text":40528},{"id":40582,"depth":88,"text":40583},{"id":40621,"depth":65,"text":40622,"children":42142},[42143,42144,42145],{"id":40630,"depth":88,"text":40631},{"id":40716,"depth":88,"text":40717},{"id":40786,"depth":88,"text":40787},{"id":1503,"depth":65,"text":1504},{"id":40978,"depth":65,"text":40979,"children":42148},[42149,42151,42152,42153],{"id":40982,"depth":88,"text":42150},"Convert input() text into a decimal number",{"id":41075,"depth":88,"text":41076},{"id":41161,"depth":88,"text":41162},{"id":41223,"depth":88,"text":41224},{"id":41283,"depth":65,"text":41284,"children":42155},[42156,42157,42158],{"id":41292,"depth":88,"text":41293},{"id":41331,"depth":88,"text":41332},{"id":41372,"depth":88,"text":41373},{"id":41437,"depth":65,"text":41438,"children":42160},[42161,42162,42163,42164,42165],{"id":41447,"depth":88,"text":40637},{"id":41513,"depth":88,"text":2947},{"id":41580,"depth":88,"text":41581},{"id":41654,"depth":88,"text":41655},{"id":41781,"depth":88,"text":41782},{"id":41885,"depth":65,"text":41886},{"id":1761,"depth":65,"text":1762,"children":42168},[42169,42170,42171,42172,42173],{"id":42039,"depth":88,"text":42040},{"id":42050,"depth":88,"text":42051},{"id":42062,"depth":88,"text":42063},{"id":42073,"depth":88,"text":42074},{"id":42081,"depth":88,"text":42082},{"id":1824,"depth":65,"text":1825},"Master python float function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained",{"title":40027,"description":42175},"reference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained","QDhcZeHPZNHjvzUBG1y5YosAc2zbXVrHayPblHEmejE",{"id":42182,"title":42183,"body":42184,"description":43404,"extension":1922,"meta":43405,"navigation":91,"path":34957,"seo":43406,"stem":43407,"__hash__":43408},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained.md","Python help() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":42185,"toc":43370},[42186,42189,42194,42197,42199,42238,42252,42256,42261,42264,42281,42284,42294,42309,42312,42314,42317,42332,42335,42338,42358,42362,42373,42376,42380,42384,42398,42433,42437,42448,42483,42486,42488,42496,42529,42545,42547,42557,42578,42589,42591,42596,42599,42613,42615,42634,42637,42650,42653,42657,42661,42675,42678,42696,42699,42714,42718,42723,42737,42743,42745,42802,42804,42837,42840,42856,42860,42867,42871,42876,42879,42890,42894,42899,42914,42923,42928,42947,42950,42962,42964,42969,42979,42982,43011,43016,43025,43029,43034,43037,43041,43046,43048,43078,43081,43088,43093,43098,43102,43105,43113,43116,43194,43197,43219,43221,43225,43228,43232,43238,43301,43305,43313,43317,43320,43322,43347,43367],[10,42187,42183],{"id":42188},"python-help-function-explained",[20,42190,3518,42191,42193],{},[15,42192,34960],{}," function shows built-in documentation inside Python.",[20,42195,42196],{},"It is useful when you want to quickly inspect a function, class, method, or module without leaving the Python shell. For beginners, it is a simple way to check what something does, what arguments it accepts, and how it is meant to be used.",[33,42198,36],{"id":35},[38,42200,42202],{"className":40,"code":42201,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"help(len)\nhelp(str)\nhelp('modules')\n",[15,42203,42204,42214,42224],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,42205,42206,42208,42210,42212],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42207,32087],{"class":98},[47,42209,78],{"class":77},[47,42211,11095],{"class":98},[47,42213,85],{"class":77},[47,42215,42216,42218,42220,42222],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,42217,32087],{"class":98},[47,42219,78],{"class":77},[47,42221,156],{"class":73},[47,42223,85],{"class":77},[47,42225,42226,42228,42230,42232,42234,42236],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,42227,32087],{"class":98},[47,42229,78],{"class":77},[47,42231,159],{"class":151},[47,42233,34593],{"class":155},[47,42235,159],{"class":151},[47,42237,85],{"class":77},[20,42239,165,42240,42242,42243,1389,42245,42247,42248,42251],{},[15,42241,34960],{}," to view built-in documentation in the Python shell. Pass an object like ",[15,42244,11095],{},[15,42246,156],{},", or use a string such as ",[15,42249,42250],{},"'modules'"," for special interactive help topics.",[33,42253,42255],{"id":42254},"what-help-does","What help() does",[20,42257,42258,42260],{},[15,42259,34960],{}," displays Python’s built-in documentation.",[20,42262,42263],{},"You can use it to inspect:",[185,42265,42266,42269,42272,42275,42278],{},[188,42267,42268],{},"Functions",[188,42270,42271],{},"Classes",[188,42273,42274],{},"Methods",[188,42276,42277],{},"Modules",[188,42279,42280],{},"Some Python keywords and help topics",[20,42282,42283],{},"It is most useful in the Python shell, IDLE, or another interactive environment.",[20,42285,42286,42287,42293],{},"For example, if you forget how ",[360,42288,42290],{"href":42289},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained\u002F",[15,42291,42292],{},"len()"," works, you can ask Python directly:",[38,42295,42297],{"className":40,"code":42296,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"help(len)\n",[15,42298,42299],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,42300,42301,42303,42305,42307],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42302,32087],{"class":98},[47,42304,78],{"class":77},[47,42306,11095],{"class":98},[47,42308,85],{"class":77},[20,42310,42311],{},"This is helpful when you are learning because you can explore Python while you code.",[33,42313,245],{"id":244},[20,42315,42316],{},"The main form is:",[38,42318,42320],{"className":40,"code":42319,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"help(object)\n",[15,42321,42322],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,42323,42324,42326,42328,42330],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42325,32087],{"class":98},[47,42327,78],{"class":77},[47,42329,262],{"class":73},[47,42331,85],{"class":77},[20,42333,42334],{},"You pass in the thing you want to learn about.",[20,42336,42337],{},"Common examples include:",[185,42339,42340,42344,42349,42353],{},[188,42341,42342],{},[15,42343,11095],{},[188,42345,42346],{},[15,42347,42348],{},"list.append",[188,42350,42351],{},[15,42352,156],{},[188,42354,42355],{},[15,42356,42357],{},"open",[20,42359,7108,42360,7111],{},[15,42361,34960],{},[38,42363,42365],{"className":40,"code":42364,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"help()\n",[15,42366,42367],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,42368,42369,42371],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42370,32087],{"class":98},[47,42372,8574],{"class":77},[20,42374,42375],{},"This opens interactive help mode, where you can type help topics and search for information from inside Python.",[33,42377,42379],{"id":42378},"common-things-you-can-inspect","Common things you can inspect",[373,42381,42383],{"id":42382},"built-in-functions","Built-in functions",[20,42385,42386,42387,1752,42389,1752,42391,17008,42394,914],{},"You can inspect built-in functions such as ",[15,42388,11095],{},[15,42390,99],{},[15,42392,42393],{},"input",[360,42395,42396],{"href":362},[15,42397,365],{},[38,42399,42401],{"className":40,"code":42400,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"help(print)\nhelp(input)\nhelp(type)\n",[15,42402,42403,42413,42423],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,42404,42405,42407,42409,42411],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42406,32087],{"class":98},[47,42408,78],{"class":77},[47,42410,99],{"class":98},[47,42412,85],{"class":77},[47,42414,42415,42417,42419,42421],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,42416,32087],{"class":98},[47,42418,78],{"class":77},[47,42420,42393],{"class":98},[47,42422,85],{"class":77},[47,42424,42425,42427,42429,42431],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,42426,32087],{"class":98},[47,42428,78],{"class":77},[47,42430,116],{"class":73},[47,42432,85],{"class":77},[373,42434,42436],{"id":42435},"data-types","Data types",[20,42438,42439,42440,1752,42442,1752,42444,17008,42446,914],{},"You can inspect types such as ",[15,42441,156],{},[15,42443,8025],{},[15,42445,8753],{},[15,42447,6222],{},[38,42449,42451],{"className":40,"code":42450,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"help(str)\nhelp(list)\nhelp(dict)\n",[15,42452,42453,42463,42473],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,42454,42455,42457,42459,42461],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42456,32087],{"class":98},[47,42458,78],{"class":77},[47,42460,156],{"class":73},[47,42462,85],{"class":77},[47,42464,42465,42467,42469,42471],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,42466,32087],{"class":98},[47,42468,78],{"class":77},[47,42470,8025],{"class":73},[47,42472,85],{"class":77},[47,42474,42475,42477,42479,42481],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,42476,32087],{"class":98},[47,42478,78],{"class":77},[47,42480,8753],{"class":73},[47,42482,85],{"class":77},[20,42484,42485],{},"This is useful when you want to see available methods and basic behavior for a type.",[373,42487,42274],{"id":34440},[20,42489,42490,42491,4329,42494,914],{},"You can inspect methods such as ",[15,42492,42493],{},"str.split",[15,42495,42348],{},[38,42497,42499],{"className":40,"code":42498,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"help(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\n",[15,42500,42501,42515],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,42502,42503,42505,42507,42509,42511,42513],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42504,32087],{"class":98},[47,42506,78],{"class":77},[47,42508,156],{"class":73},[47,42510,914],{"class":77},[47,42512,34403],{"class":24685},[47,42514,85],{"class":77},[47,42516,42517,42519,42521,42523,42525,42527],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,42518,32087],{"class":98},[47,42520,78],{"class":77},[47,42522,8025],{"class":73},[47,42524,914],{"class":77},[47,42526,13488],{"class":24685},[47,42528,85],{"class":77},[20,42530,42531,42532,8636,42534,28247,42539,42541,42542,42544],{},"If you are not sure what methods a type has, compare ",[15,42533,34960],{},[360,42535,42537],{"href":42536},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained\u002F",[15,42538,34245],{},[15,42540,34245],{}," shows available names, while ",[15,42543,34960],{}," explains one of them.",[373,42546,42277],{"id":34593},[20,42548,42549,42550,1752,42552,17008,42554,914],{},"You can inspect modules such as ",[15,42551,18352],{},[15,42553,35123],{},[15,42555,42556],{},"os",[38,42558,42560],{"className":40,"code":42559,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"import math\nhelp(math)\n",[15,42561,42562,42568],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,42563,42564,42566],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42565,35024],{"class":3812},[47,42567,35027],{"class":53},[47,42569,42570,42572,42574,42576],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,42571,32087],{"class":98},[47,42573,78],{"class":77},[47,42575,18352],{"class":81},[47,42577,85],{"class":77},[20,42579,42580,42581,42585,42586,914],{},"If you are still learning imports, see ",[360,42582,42584],{"href":42583},"\u002Flearn\u002Fhow-import-works-in-python\u002F","how import works in Python",". For a beginner-friendly module example, see the ",[360,42587,35090],{"href":42588},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview\u002F",[33,42590,34851],{"id":34850},[20,42592,42593,42595],{},[15,42594,34960],{}," output can look long at first. Do not try to read everything.",[20,42597,42598],{},"Focus on these parts first:",[185,42600,42601,42604,42607,42610],{},[188,42602,42603],{},"The function signature",[188,42605,42606],{},"The short description",[188,42608,42609],{},"Parameter names",[188,42611,42612],{},"Return value details, when shown",[20,42614,5405],{},[38,42616,42618],{"className":40,"code":42617,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"help(str.split)\n",[15,42619,42620],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,42621,42622,42624,42626,42628,42630,42632],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42623,32087],{"class":98},[47,42625,78],{"class":77},[47,42627,156],{"class":73},[47,42629,914],{"class":77},[47,42631,34403],{"class":24685},[47,42633,85],{"class":77},[20,42635,42636],{},"When you read the output, look for:",[185,42638,42639,42642,42645,42647],{},[188,42640,42641],{},"What object this is",[188,42643,42644],{},"What arguments it accepts",[188,42646,21905],{},[188,42648,42649],{},"Short notes about how it behaves",[20,42651,42652],{},"A good beginner habit is to read the first few useful lines, then test the function yourself with a small example.",[33,42654,42656],{"id":42655},"when-help-is-useful","When help() is useful",[20,42658,42659,29808],{},[15,42660,34960],{},[185,42662,42663,42666,42669,42672],{},[188,42664,42665],{},"You forget how a built-in function works",[188,42667,42668],{},"You want to check method names on a type",[188,42670,42671],{},"You are exploring a new module",[188,42673,42674],{},"You want quick documentation while coding",[20,42676,42677],{},"For example, if you remember that strings have a method for splitting text but forget the exact details, you can run:",[38,42679,42680],{"className":40,"code":42617,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,42681,42682],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,42683,42684,42686,42688,42690,42692,42694],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42685,32087],{"class":98},[47,42687,78],{"class":77},[47,42689,156],{"class":73},[47,42691,914],{"class":77},[47,42693,34403],{"class":24685},[47,42695,85],{"class":77},[20,42697,42698],{},"If you want to inspect file handling, you can also check:",[38,42700,42702],{"className":40,"code":42701,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"help(open)\n",[15,42703,42704],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,42705,42706,42708,42710,42712],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42707,32087],{"class":98},[47,42709,78],{"class":77},[47,42711,42357],{"class":98},[47,42713,85],{"class":77},[33,42715,42717],{"id":42716},"limits-of-help","Limits of help()",[20,42719,42720,42722],{},[15,42721,34960],{}," is useful, but it has limits.",[185,42724,42725,42728,42731,42734],{},[188,42726,42727],{},"The output can feel dense for beginners",[188,42729,42730],{},"Some third-party libraries may have unclear or incomplete help text",[188,42732,42733],{},"It does not replace simple examples",[188,42735,42736],{},"It works best when combined with small practice programs",[20,42738,42739,42740,42742],{},"So, ",[15,42741,34960],{}," is great for quick checking, but you will usually learn faster if you also test what you read in short code examples.",[20,42744,5405],{},[38,42746,42748],{"className":40,"code":42747,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"a,b,c\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,42749,42750,42763,42787,42791],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,42751,42752,42754,42756,42758,42761],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42753,68],{"class":53},[47,42755,58],{"class":57},[47,42757,303],{"class":151},[47,42759,42760],{"class":155},"a,b,c",[47,42762,820],{"class":151},[47,42764,42765,42768,42770,42773,42775,42777,42779,42781,42783,42785],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,42766,42767],{"class":53},"parts ",[47,42769,58],{"class":57},[47,42771,42772],{"class":53}," text",[47,42774,914],{"class":77},[47,42776,34403],{"class":81},[47,42778,78],{"class":77},[47,42780,309],{"class":151},[47,42782,668],{"class":155},[47,42784,309],{"class":151},[47,42786,85],{"class":77},[47,42788,42789],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,42790,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,42792,42793,42795,42797,42800],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,42794,99],{"class":98},[47,42796,78],{"class":77},[47,42798,42799],{"class":81},"parts",[47,42801,85],{"class":77},[20,42803,5493],{},[38,42805,42807],{"className":40,"code":42806,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,42808,42809],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,42810,42811,42813,42815,42817,42819,42821,42823,42825,42827,42829,42831,42833,42835],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42812,736],{"class":77},[47,42814,159],{"class":151},[47,42816,360],{"class":155},[47,42818,159],{"class":151},[47,42820,668],{"class":77},[47,42822,152],{"class":151},[47,42824,4696],{"class":155},[47,42826,159],{"class":151},[47,42828,668],{"class":77},[47,42830,152],{"class":151},[47,42832,9671],{"class":155},[47,42834,159],{"class":151},[47,42836,679],{"class":77},[20,42838,42839],{},"A good workflow is:",[28647,42841,42842,42847,42850,42853],{},[188,42843,165,42844,42846],{},[15,42845,34960],{}," to inspect something",[188,42848,42849],{},"Write a tiny example",[188,42851,42852],{},"Check the result",[188,42854,42855],{},"Repeat",[33,42857,42859],{"id":42858},"difference-between-help-and-dir","Difference between help() and dir()",[20,42861,42862,4329,42864,42866],{},[15,42863,34960],{},[15,42865,34245],{}," are often used together, but they do different jobs.",[373,42868,42869],{"id":32087},[15,42870,34960],{},[20,42872,165,42873,42875],{},[15,42874,34960],{}," when you want an explanation.",[20,42877,42878],{},"It tells you:",[185,42880,42881,42884,42887],{},[188,42882,42883],{},"What something is",[188,42885,42886],{},"How to use it",[188,42888,42889],{},"What parameters it accepts",[373,42891,42892],{"id":34306},[15,42893,34245],{},[20,42895,165,42896,42898],{},[15,42897,34245],{}," when you want a list of available names or attributes.",[38,42900,42902],{"className":40,"code":42901,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dir(str)\n",[15,42903,42904],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,42905,42906,42908,42910,42912],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42907,34306],{"class":98},[47,42909,78],{"class":77},[47,42911,156],{"class":73},[47,42913,85],{"class":77},[20,42915,42916,42917,1752,42919,17008,42921,914],{},"This shows many string methods, such as ",[15,42918,34403],{},[15,42920,8565],{},[15,42922,8571],{},[20,42924,42925,42926,2826],{},"Then you can inspect one of them with ",[15,42927,34960],{},[38,42929,42931],{"className":40,"code":42930,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"help(str.lower)\n",[15,42932,42933],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,42934,42935,42937,42939,42941,42943,42945],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42936,32087],{"class":98},[47,42938,78],{"class":77},[47,42940,156],{"class":73},[47,42942,914],{"class":77},[47,42944,8571],{"class":24685},[47,42946,85],{"class":77},[20,42948,42949],{},"A simple way to remember the difference:",[185,42951,42952,42957],{},[188,42953,165,42954,42956],{},[15,42955,34245],{}," to discover options",[188,42958,165,42959,42961],{},[15,42960,34960],{}," to understand one option",[33,42963,2775],{"id":2774},[20,42965,42966,42967,914],{},"Beginners often run into these small problems when using ",[15,42968,34960],{},[373,42970,1335,42972,42975,42976],{"id":42971},"using-helplen-when-you-meant-helplen",[15,42973,42974],{},"help('len')"," when you meant ",[15,42977,42978],{},"help(len)",[20,42980,42981],{},"These are not always the same.",[38,42983,42985],{"className":40,"code":42984,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"help(len)\nhelp('len')\n",[15,42986,42987,42997],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,42988,42989,42991,42993,42995],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42990,32087],{"class":98},[47,42992,78],{"class":77},[47,42994,11095],{"class":98},[47,42996,85],{"class":77},[47,42998,42999,43001,43003,43005,43007,43009],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,43000,32087],{"class":98},[47,43002,78],{"class":77},[47,43004,159],{"class":151},[47,43006,11095],{"class":155},[47,43008,159],{"class":151},[47,43010,85],{"class":77},[20,43012,43013,43015],{},[15,43014,42978],{}," asks for help on the actual function object.",[20,43017,43018,43020,43021,43024],{},[15,43019,42974],{}," treats ",[15,43022,43023],{},"'len'"," as a help topic string. That can work differently, so when you want to inspect a real function, use the function name without quotes.",[373,43026,43028],{"id":43027},"expecting-short-example-based-output","Expecting short, example-based output",[20,43030,43031,43033],{},[15,43032,34960],{}," is documentation, not a tutorial.",[20,43035,43036],{},"The text may be longer and more technical than you expect. Start with the first lines, then test the function yourself.",[373,43038,43040],{"id":43039},"running-help-in-a-script-and-not-noticing-where-output-goes","Running help() in a script and not noticing where output goes",[20,43042,40277,43043,43045],{},[15,43044,34960],{}," in a normal Python script, the documentation text is printed to the terminal or console.",[20,43047,800],{},[38,43049,43051],{"className":40,"code":43050,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"help(len)\nprint(\"Done\")\n",[15,43052,43053,43063],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,43054,43055,43057,43059,43061],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,43056,32087],{"class":98},[47,43058,78],{"class":77},[47,43060,11095],{"class":98},[47,43062,85],{"class":77},[47,43064,43065,43067,43069,43071,43074,43076],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,43066,99],{"class":98},[47,43068,78],{"class":77},[47,43070,309],{"class":151},[47,43072,43073],{"class":155},"Done",[47,43075,309],{"class":151},[47,43077,85],{"class":77},[20,43079,43080],{},"You may not see a neat interactive display like you do in the Python shell.",[373,43082,37138,43084,8636,43086],{"id":43083},"confusing-help-with-dir",[15,43085,34960],{},[15,43087,34245],{},[20,43089,43090,43091,914],{},"If you want a list of methods, use ",[15,43092,34245],{},[20,43094,43095,43096,914],{},"If you want an explanation of one method, use ",[15,43097,34960],{},[33,43099,43101],{"id":43100},"useful-commands-to-try","Useful commands to try",[20,43103,43104],{},"Open Python:",[38,43106,43107],{"className":40,"code":35476,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,43108,43109],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,43110,43111],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,43112,35476],{"class":53},[20,43114,43115],{},"Then test these commands:",[38,43117,43119],{"className":40,"code":43118,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"help(len)\nhelp(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\nhelp(open)\nhelp('keywords')\ndir(str)\n",[15,43120,43121,43131,43145,43159,43169,43184],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,43122,43123,43125,43127,43129],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,43124,32087],{"class":98},[47,43126,78],{"class":77},[47,43128,11095],{"class":98},[47,43130,85],{"class":77},[47,43132,43133,43135,43137,43139,43141,43143],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,43134,32087],{"class":98},[47,43136,78],{"class":77},[47,43138,156],{"class":73},[47,43140,914],{"class":77},[47,43142,34403],{"class":24685},[47,43144,85],{"class":77},[47,43146,43147,43149,43151,43153,43155,43157],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,43148,32087],{"class":98},[47,43150,78],{"class":77},[47,43152,8025],{"class":73},[47,43154,914],{"class":77},[47,43156,13488],{"class":24685},[47,43158,85],{"class":77},[47,43160,43161,43163,43165,43167],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,43162,32087],{"class":98},[47,43164,78],{"class":77},[47,43166,42357],{"class":98},[47,43168,85],{"class":77},[47,43170,43171,43173,43175,43177,43180,43182],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,43172,32087],{"class":98},[47,43174,78],{"class":77},[47,43176,159],{"class":151},[47,43178,43179],{"class":155},"keywords",[47,43181,159],{"class":151},[47,43183,85],{"class":77},[47,43185,43186,43188,43190,43192],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,43187,34306],{"class":98},[47,43189,78],{"class":77},[47,43191,156],{"class":73},[47,43193,85],{"class":77},[20,43195,43196],{},"These are good starting points because they show different kinds of objects:",[185,43198,43199,43202,43205,43208,43211,43214],{},[188,43200,43201],{},"A built-in function",[188,43203,43204],{},"A string method",[188,43206,43207],{},"A list method",[188,43209,43210],{},"A built-in file function",[188,43212,43213],{},"A special help topic",[188,43215,15123,43216,43218],{},[15,43217,34245],{}," example for comparison",[33,43220,1762],{"id":1761},[373,43222,43224],{"id":43223},"what-does-help-return-in-python","What does help() return in Python?",[20,43226,43227],{},"It mainly prints documentation text to the screen. It is used for inspection, not for producing a useful return value in normal beginner code.",[373,43229,43231],{"id":43230},"can-i-use-help-on-my-own-functions","Can I use help() on my own functions?",[20,43233,43234,43235,43237],{},"Yes. You can pass your own function to ",[15,43236,34960],{}," to see its name, parameters, and docstring if it has one.",[38,43239,43241],{"className":40,"code":43240,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"def greet(name):\n    \"\"\"Return a friendly greeting.\"\"\"\n    return f\"Hello, {name}!\"\n\nhelp(greet)\n",[15,43242,43243,43255,43268,43287,43291],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,43244,43245,43247,43249,43251,43253],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,43246,34784],{"class":147},[47,43248,34788],{"class":34787},[47,43250,78],{"class":77},[47,43252,7601],{"class":37597},[47,43254,8273],{"class":77},[47,43256,43257,43261,43265],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,43258,43260],{"class":43259},"s2W-s","    \"\"\"",[47,43262,43264],{"class":43263},"sithA","Return a friendly greeting.",[47,43266,43267],{"class":43259},"\"\"\"\n",[47,43269,43270,43272,43275,43278,43280,43282,43284],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,43271,34795],{"class":3812},[47,43273,43274],{"class":147}," f",[47,43276,43277],{"class":155},"\"Hello, ",[47,43279,9211],{"class":61},[47,43281,7601],{"class":53},[47,43283,22237],{"class":61},[47,43285,43286],{"class":155},"!\"\n",[47,43288,43289],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,43290,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,43292,43293,43295,43297,43299],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,43294,32087],{"class":98},[47,43296,78],{"class":77},[47,43298,34830],{"class":81},[47,43300,85],{"class":77},[373,43302,43304],{"id":43303},"what-is-the-difference-between-helplen-and-helplen","What is the difference between help(len) and help('len')?",[20,43306,43307,43309,43310,43312],{},[15,43308,42978],{}," asks for documentation for the actual function object. ",[15,43311,42974],{}," treats the value as a help topic string, which is a different lookup style.",[373,43314,43316],{"id":43315},"why-is-help-useful-for-beginners","Why is help() useful for beginners?",[20,43318,43319],{},"It gives quick built-in documentation inside Python, so you can check how something works without searching elsewhere first.",[33,43321,1825],{"id":1824},[185,43323,43324,43329,43333,43338,43343],{},[188,43325,43326],{},[360,43327,43328],{"href":42536},"Python dir() function explained",[188,43330,43331],{},[360,43332,8373],{"href":362},[188,43334,43335],{},[360,43336,43337],{"href":42289},"Python len() function explained",[188,43339,43340],{},[360,43341,43342],{"href":42583},"How import works in Python",[188,43344,43345],{},[360,43346,35090],{"href":42588},[20,43348,43349,43350,43352,43353,1752,43355,17008,43357,43359,43360,1389,43363,43366],{},"Try ",[15,43351,34960],{}," on three built-in functions you already know, such as ",[15,43354,11095],{},[15,43356,99],{},[15,43358,42393],{},". Then compare what you learn with ",[15,43361,43362],{},"dir(str)",[15,43364,43365],{},"dir(list)"," to build confidence exploring Python on your own.",[1875,43368,43369],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":65,"depth":65,"links":43371},[43372,43373,43374,43375,43381,43382,43383,43384,43388,43396,43397,43403],{"id":35,"depth":65,"text":36},{"id":42254,"depth":65,"text":42255},{"id":244,"depth":65,"text":245},{"id":42378,"depth":65,"text":42379,"children":43376},[43377,43378,43379,43380],{"id":42382,"depth":88,"text":42383},{"id":42435,"depth":88,"text":42436},{"id":34440,"depth":88,"text":42274},{"id":34593,"depth":88,"text":42277},{"id":34850,"depth":65,"text":34851},{"id":42655,"depth":65,"text":42656},{"id":42716,"depth":65,"text":42717},{"id":42858,"depth":65,"text":42859,"children":43385},[43386,43387],{"id":32087,"depth":88,"text":34960},{"id":34306,"depth":88,"text":34245},{"id":2774,"depth":65,"text":2775,"children":43389},[43390,43392,43393,43394],{"id":42971,"depth":88,"text":43391},"Using help('len') when you meant help(len)",{"id":43027,"depth":88,"text":43028},{"id":43039,"depth":88,"text":43040},{"id":43083,"depth":88,"text":43395},"Confusing help() with dir()",{"id":43100,"depth":65,"text":43101},{"id":1761,"depth":65,"text":1762,"children":43398},[43399,43400,43401,43402],{"id":43223,"depth":88,"text":43224},{"id":43230,"depth":88,"text":43231},{"id":43303,"depth":88,"text":43304},{"id":43315,"depth":88,"text":43316},{"id":1824,"depth":65,"text":1825},"Master python help function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":42183,"description":43404},"reference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained","Vhkt5jzLBPMaA5aqAyYPSa-k-XAlASN-1vUAx7Hvu5k",{"id":43410,"title":43411,"body":43412,"description":44774,"extension":1922,"meta":44775,"navigation":91,"path":44776,"seo":44777,"stem":44778,"__hash__":44779},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained.md","Python id() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":43413,"toc":44747},[43414,43420,43425,43431,43441,43500,43510,43521,43526,43532,43534,43552,43560,43562,43564,43579,43582,43593,43595,43686,43689,43693,43698,43719,43721,43832,43834,43861,43872,43876,43879,43962,43964,43972,43978,43984,43988,43991,44101,44103,44116,44119,44133,44141,44148,44153,44167,44173,44286,44288,44349,44352,44358,44364,44367,44389,44392,44462,44465,44497,44504,44506,44509,44527,44530,44542,44548,44550,44555,44581,44584,44656,44658,44664,44667,44673,44676,44682,44692,44698,44701,44708,44711,44713,44744],[10,43415,13,43417,18],{"id":43416},"python-id-function-explained",[15,43418,43419],{},"id()",[20,43421,22,43422,43424],{},[15,43423,43419],{}," function returns a number that identifies an object while that object exists.",[20,43426,43427,43428,43430],{},"Beginners usually see ",[15,43429,43419],{}," when learning how variables and objects work in Python. It can help you understand whether two variables point to the same object, especially with mutable objects like lists and dictionaries.",[20,43432,165,43433,43435,43436,43438,43439,914],{},[15,43434,43419],{}," for inspection and debugging. Do ",[127,43437,768],{}," use it to compare normal values. For value comparison, use ",[15,43440,4623],{},[38,43442,43444],{"className":40,"code":43443,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"Python\"\nprint(id(name))\n\nother = name\nprint(id(other))\n",[15,43445,43446,43458,43472,43476,43486],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,43447,43448,43450,43452,43454,43456],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,43449,810],{"class":53},[47,43451,58],{"class":57},[47,43453,303],{"class":151},[47,43455,7229],{"class":155},[47,43457,820],{"class":151},[47,43459,43460,43462,43464,43466,43468,43470],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,43461,99],{"class":98},[47,43463,78],{"class":77},[47,43465,12583],{"class":98},[47,43467,78],{"class":77},[47,43469,7601],{"class":81},[47,43471,123],{"class":77},[47,43473,43474],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,43475,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,43477,43478,43481,43483],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,43479,43480],{"class":53},"other ",[47,43482,58],{"class":57},[47,43484,43485],{"class":53}," name\n",[47,43487,43488,43490,43492,43494,43496,43498],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,43489,99],{"class":98},[47,43491,78],{"class":77},[47,43493,12583],{"class":98},[47,43495,78],{"class":77},[47,43497,30677],{"class":81},[47,43499,123],{"class":77},[20,43501,43502,43503,43506,43507,43509],{},"In this example, ",[15,43504,43505],{},"other = name"," makes both variables refer to the same object, so the two ",[15,43508,43419],{}," values match.",[43511,43512,43513],"blockquote",{},[20,43514,165,43515,43517,43518,43520],{},[15,43516,43419],{}," to inspect object identity. Do not use it to check whether two values are equal. Use ",[15,43519,4623],{}," for value comparison.",[33,43522,172,43524,175],{"id":43523},"what-id-does",[15,43525,43419],{},[20,43527,43528,43531],{},[15,43529,43530],{},"id(obj)"," returns an integer that identifies an object during its lifetime.",[20,43533,12986],{},[185,43535,43536,43539,43546,43549],{},[188,43537,43538],{},"The returned value is unique for that object while it exists",[188,43540,43541,43542,43545],{},"It shows ",[127,43543,43544],{},"object identity",", not object value",[188,43547,43548],{},"Beginners mostly use it for learning and debugging",[188,43550,43551],{},"It is helpful when you want to see whether two names refer to the same object",[20,43553,43554,43555,43559],{},"This is closely related to how ",[360,43556,43558],{"href":43557},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-variables-explained-for-beginners","Python variables work",". A variable does not store a value in the same way a box stores an item. Instead, it refers to an object.",[33,43561,245],{"id":244},[20,43563,5367],{},[38,43565,43567],{"className":40,"code":43566,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"id(object)\n",[15,43568,43569],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,43570,43571,43573,43575,43577],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,43572,12583],{"class":98},[47,43574,78],{"class":77},[47,43576,262],{"class":73},[47,43578,85],{"class":77},[20,43580,43581],{},"Important details:",[185,43583,43584,43587,43590],{},[188,43585,43586],{},"It takes one argument",[188,43588,43589],{},"It returns an integer",[188,43591,43592],{},"It works with strings, numbers, lists, dictionaries, functions, and other objects",[20,43594,800],{},[38,43596,43598],{"className":40,"code":43597,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\nnumber = 42\nitems = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(id(text))\nprint(id(number))\nprint(id(items))\n",[15,43599,43600,43612,43620,43640,43644,43658,43672],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,43601,43602,43604,43606,43608,43610],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,43603,68],{"class":53},[47,43605,58],{"class":57},[47,43607,303],{"class":151},[47,43609,3781],{"class":155},[47,43611,820],{"class":151},[47,43613,43614,43616,43618],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,43615,386],{"class":53},[47,43617,58],{"class":57},[47,43619,954],{"class":61},[47,43621,43622,43624,43626,43628,43630,43632,43634,43636,43638],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,43623,657],{"class":53},[47,43625,58],{"class":57},[47,43627,662],{"class":77},[47,43629,665],{"class":61},[47,43631,668],{"class":77},[47,43633,671],{"class":61},[47,43635,668],{"class":77},[47,43637,676],{"class":61},[47,43639,679],{"class":77},[47,43641,43642],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,43643,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,43645,43646,43648,43650,43652,43654,43656],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,43647,99],{"class":98},[47,43649,78],{"class":77},[47,43651,12583],{"class":98},[47,43653,78],{"class":77},[47,43655,104],{"class":81},[47,43657,123],{"class":77},[47,43659,43660,43662,43664,43666,43668,43670],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,43661,99],{"class":98},[47,43663,78],{"class":77},[47,43665,12583],{"class":98},[47,43667,78],{"class":77},[47,43669,404],{"class":81},[47,43671,123],{"class":77},[47,43673,43674,43676,43678,43680,43682,43684],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,43675,99],{"class":98},[47,43677,78],{"class":77},[47,43679,12583],{"class":98},[47,43681,78],{"class":77},[47,43683,692],{"class":81},[47,43685,123],{"class":77},[20,43687,43688],{},"Expected output will be three integers. The exact numbers will be different on your computer.",[33,43690,43692],{"id":43691},"object-identity-vs-value","Object identity vs value",[20,43694,43695,43696,914],{},"This is the most important idea behind ",[15,43697,43419],{},[185,43699,43700,43707,43714],{},[188,43701,43702,43704,43705],{},[15,43703,4623],{}," checks whether two objects have the same ",[127,43706,585],{},[188,43708,43709,43711,43712],{},[15,43710,353],{}," checks whether two variables refer to the same ",[127,43713,262],{},[188,43715,43716,43718],{},[15,43717,43419],{}," lets you inspect that identity as an integer",[20,43720,800],{},[38,43722,43724],{"className":40,"code":43723,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(a == b)   # True\nprint(a is b)   # False\nprint(id(a))\nprint(id(b))\n",[15,43725,43726,43746,43766,43770,43787,43804,43818],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,43727,43728,43730,43732,43734,43736,43738,43740,43742,43744],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,43729,2501],{"class":53},[47,43731,58],{"class":57},[47,43733,662],{"class":77},[47,43735,665],{"class":61},[47,43737,668],{"class":77},[47,43739,671],{"class":61},[47,43741,668],{"class":77},[47,43743,676],{"class":61},[47,43745,679],{"class":77},[47,43747,43748,43750,43752,43754,43756,43758,43760,43762,43764],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,43749,2529],{"class":53},[47,43751,58],{"class":57},[47,43753,662],{"class":77},[47,43755,665],{"class":61},[47,43757,668],{"class":77},[47,43759,671],{"class":61},[47,43761,668],{"class":77},[47,43763,676],{"class":61},[47,43765,679],{"class":77},[47,43767,43768],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,43769,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,43771,43772,43774,43776,43778,43780,43782,43784],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,43773,99],{"class":98},[47,43775,78],{"class":77},[47,43777,2501],{"class":81},[47,43779,4623],{"class":57},[47,43781,2506],{"class":81},[47,43783,862],{"class":77},[47,43785,43786],{"class":1378},"   # True\n",[47,43788,43789,43791,43793,43795,43797,43799,43801],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,43790,99],{"class":98},[47,43792,78],{"class":77},[47,43794,2501],{"class":81},[47,43796,353],{"class":3812},[47,43798,2506],{"class":81},[47,43800,862],{"class":77},[47,43802,43803],{"class":1378},"   # False\n",[47,43805,43806,43808,43810,43812,43814,43816],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,43807,99],{"class":98},[47,43809,78],{"class":77},[47,43811,12583],{"class":98},[47,43813,78],{"class":77},[47,43815,360],{"class":81},[47,43817,123],{"class":77},[47,43819,43820,43822,43824,43826,43828,43830],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,43821,99],{"class":98},[47,43823,78],{"class":77},[47,43825,12583],{"class":98},[47,43827,78],{"class":77},[47,43829,4696],{"class":81},[47,43831,123],{"class":77},[20,43833,2136],{},[185,43835,43836,43844,43852],{},[188,43837,43838,849,43841,43843],{},[15,43839,43840],{},"a == b",[15,43842,212],{}," because both lists contain the same values",[188,43845,43846,849,43849,43851],{},[15,43847,43848],{},"a is b",[15,43850,3609],{}," because they are different list objects",[188,43853,43854,4329,43857,43860],{},[15,43855,43856],{},"id(a)",[15,43858,43859],{},"id(b)"," are usually different",[20,43862,43863,43864,4329,43868,914],{},"If this topic feels confusing, it helps to read about ",[360,43865,43867],{"href":43866},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types","mutability in Python",[360,43869,43871],{"href":43870},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview","Python data types",[33,43873,43875],{"id":43874},"simple-example-with-shared-references","Simple example with shared references",[20,43877,43878],{},"When you assign one variable to another, both names can refer to the same object.",[38,43880,43882],{"className":40,"code":43881,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nother_numbers = numbers\n\nprint(id(numbers))\nprint(id(other_numbers))\nprint(numbers is other_numbers)\n",[15,43883,43884,43904,43914,43918,43932,43947],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,43885,43886,43888,43890,43892,43894,43896,43898,43900,43902],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,43887,3554],{"class":53},[47,43889,58],{"class":57},[47,43891,662],{"class":77},[47,43893,193],{"class":61},[47,43895,668],{"class":77},[47,43897,7722],{"class":61},[47,43899,668],{"class":77},[47,43901,7727],{"class":61},[47,43903,679],{"class":77},[47,43905,43906,43909,43911],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,43907,43908],{"class":53},"other_numbers ",[47,43910,58],{"class":57},[47,43912,43913],{"class":53}," numbers\n",[47,43915,43916],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,43917,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,43919,43920,43922,43924,43926,43928,43930],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,43921,99],{"class":98},[47,43923,78],{"class":77},[47,43925,12583],{"class":98},[47,43927,78],{"class":77},[47,43929,3584],{"class":81},[47,43931,123],{"class":77},[47,43933,43934,43936,43938,43940,43942,43945],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,43935,99],{"class":98},[47,43937,78],{"class":77},[47,43939,12583],{"class":98},[47,43941,78],{"class":77},[47,43943,43944],{"class":81},"other_numbers",[47,43946,123],{"class":77},[47,43948,43949,43951,43953,43955,43957,43960],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,43950,99],{"class":98},[47,43952,78],{"class":77},[47,43954,3554],{"class":81},[47,43956,353],{"class":3812},[47,43958,43959],{"class":81}," other_numbers",[47,43961,85],{"class":77},[20,43963,5493],{},[38,43965,43966],{"className":40,"code":629,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,43967,43968],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,43969,43970],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,43971,629],{"class":571},[20,43973,43974,43975,43977],{},"The two ",[15,43976,43419],{}," values will also match.",[20,43979,22123,43980,43983],{},[15,43981,43982],{},"other_numbers = numbers"," does not create a new list. It creates a second reference to the same list.",[33,43985,43987],{"id":43986},"example-with-separate-objects","Example with separate objects",[20,43989,43990],{},"Now compare that with two separate lists that contain the same values.",[38,43992,43994],{"className":40,"code":43993,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"list_a = [1, 2, 3]\nlist_b = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(list_a == list_b)\nprint(list_a is list_b)\nprint(id(list_a))\nprint(id(list_b))\n",[15,43995,43996,44017,44038,44042,44057,44071,44086],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,43997,43998,44001,44003,44005,44007,44009,44011,44013,44015],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,43999,44000],{"class":53},"list_a ",[47,44002,58],{"class":57},[47,44004,662],{"class":77},[47,44006,665],{"class":61},[47,44008,668],{"class":77},[47,44010,671],{"class":61},[47,44012,668],{"class":77},[47,44014,676],{"class":61},[47,44016,679],{"class":77},[47,44018,44019,44022,44024,44026,44028,44030,44032,44034,44036],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,44020,44021],{"class":53},"list_b ",[47,44023,58],{"class":57},[47,44025,662],{"class":77},[47,44027,665],{"class":61},[47,44029,668],{"class":77},[47,44031,671],{"class":61},[47,44033,668],{"class":77},[47,44035,676],{"class":61},[47,44037,679],{"class":77},[47,44039,44040],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,44041,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,44043,44044,44046,44048,44050,44052,44055],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,44045,99],{"class":98},[47,44047,78],{"class":77},[47,44049,44000],{"class":81},[47,44051,4623],{"class":57},[47,44053,44054],{"class":81}," list_b",[47,44056,85],{"class":77},[47,44058,44059,44061,44063,44065,44067,44069],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,44060,99],{"class":98},[47,44062,78],{"class":77},[47,44064,44000],{"class":81},[47,44066,353],{"class":3812},[47,44068,44054],{"class":81},[47,44070,85],{"class":77},[47,44072,44073,44075,44077,44079,44081,44084],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,44074,99],{"class":98},[47,44076,78],{"class":77},[47,44078,12583],{"class":98},[47,44080,78],{"class":77},[47,44082,44083],{"class":81},"list_a",[47,44085,123],{"class":77},[47,44087,44088,44090,44092,44094,44096,44099],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,44089,99],{"class":98},[47,44091,78],{"class":77},[47,44093,12583],{"class":98},[47,44095,78],{"class":77},[47,44097,44098],{"class":81},"list_b",[47,44100,123],{"class":77},[20,44102,5493],{},[38,44104,44106],{"className":40,"code":44105,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"True\nFalse\n",[15,44107,44108,44112],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,44109,44110],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,44111,629],{"class":571},[47,44113,44114],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,44115,3976],{"class":571},[20,44117,44118],{},"What this means:",[185,44120,44121,44124,44127],{},[188,44122,44123],{},"The lists are equal in value",[188,44125,44126],{},"They are not the same object",[188,44128,44129,44130,44132],{},"Their ",[15,44131,43419],{}," values are usually different",[20,44134,44135,44136,44138,44139,914],{},"This is why ",[15,44137,43419],{}," should not replace ",[15,44140,4623],{},[33,44142,44144,44145,44147],{"id":44143},"when-id-is-useful","When ",[15,44146,43419],{}," is useful",[20,44149,44150,44152],{},[15,44151,43419],{}," can be useful in a few situations:",[185,44154,44155,44158,44161,44164],{},[188,44156,44157],{},"Checking whether two variables refer to the same object",[188,44159,44160],{},"Understanding mutable objects like lists and dictionaries",[188,44162,44163],{},"Debugging code that changes data in place",[188,44165,44166],{},"Learning how assignment works in Python",[20,44168,44169,44170,44172],{},"For example, if a list changes unexpectedly, ",[15,44171,43419],{}," can help you see whether two variables point to the same list:",[38,44174,44176],{"className":40,"code":44175,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original = [\"a\", \"b\"]\ncopy_ref = original\n\ncopy_ref.append(\"c\")\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copy_ref)\nprint(id(original))\nprint(id(copy_ref))\n",[15,44177,44178,44202,44211,44215,44234,44238,44248,44258,44272],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,44179,44180,44182,44184,44186,44188,44190,44192,44194,44196,44198,44200],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,44181,12020],{"class":53},[47,44183,58],{"class":57},[47,44185,662],{"class":77},[47,44187,309],{"class":151},[47,44189,360],{"class":155},[47,44191,309],{"class":151},[47,44193,668],{"class":77},[47,44195,303],{"class":151},[47,44197,4696],{"class":155},[47,44199,309],{"class":151},[47,44201,679],{"class":77},[47,44203,44204,44207,44209],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,44205,44206],{"class":53},"copy_ref ",[47,44208,58],{"class":57},[47,44210,12058],{"class":53},[47,44212,44213],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,44214,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,44216,44217,44220,44222,44224,44226,44228,44230,44232],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,44218,44219],{"class":53},"copy_ref",[47,44221,914],{"class":77},[47,44223,13488],{"class":81},[47,44225,78],{"class":77},[47,44227,309],{"class":151},[47,44229,9671],{"class":155},[47,44231,309],{"class":151},[47,44233,85],{"class":77},[47,44235,44236],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,44237,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,44239,44240,44242,44244,44246],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,44241,99],{"class":98},[47,44243,78],{"class":77},[47,44245,12067],{"class":81},[47,44247,85],{"class":77},[47,44249,44250,44252,44254,44256],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,44251,99],{"class":98},[47,44253,78],{"class":77},[47,44255,44219],{"class":81},[47,44257,85],{"class":77},[47,44259,44260,44262,44264,44266,44268,44270],{"class":49,"line":1734},[47,44261,99],{"class":98},[47,44263,78],{"class":77},[47,44265,12583],{"class":98},[47,44267,78],{"class":77},[47,44269,12067],{"class":81},[47,44271,123],{"class":77},[47,44273,44274,44276,44278,44280,44282,44284],{"class":49,"line":6365},[47,44275,99],{"class":98},[47,44277,78],{"class":77},[47,44279,12583],{"class":98},[47,44281,78],{"class":77},[47,44283,44219],{"class":81},[47,44285,123],{"class":77},[20,44287,5493],{},[38,44289,44291],{"className":40,"code":44290,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,44292,44293,44321],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,44294,44295,44297,44299,44301,44303,44305,44307,44309,44311,44313,44315,44317,44319],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,44296,736],{"class":77},[47,44298,159],{"class":151},[47,44300,360],{"class":155},[47,44302,159],{"class":151},[47,44304,668],{"class":77},[47,44306,152],{"class":151},[47,44308,4696],{"class":155},[47,44310,159],{"class":151},[47,44312,668],{"class":77},[47,44314,152],{"class":151},[47,44316,9671],{"class":155},[47,44318,159],{"class":151},[47,44320,679],{"class":77},[47,44322,44323,44325,44327,44329,44331,44333,44335,44337,44339,44341,44343,44345,44347],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,44324,736],{"class":77},[47,44326,159],{"class":151},[47,44328,360],{"class":155},[47,44330,159],{"class":151},[47,44332,668],{"class":77},[47,44334,152],{"class":151},[47,44336,4696],{"class":155},[47,44338,159],{"class":151},[47,44340,668],{"class":77},[47,44342,152],{"class":151},[47,44344,9671],{"class":155},[47,44346,159],{"class":151},[47,44348,679],{"class":77},[20,44350,44351],{},"Both variables show the same updated list because they refer to the same object.",[33,44353,44355,44356],{"id":44354},"when-not-to-use-id","When not to use ",[15,44357,43419],{},[20,44359,44360,44361,44363],{},"Do not use ",[15,44362,43419],{}," as a normal comparison tool.",[20,44365,44366],{},"Avoid these mistakes:",[185,44368,44369,44375,44381,44384],{},[188,44370,44371,44372,44374],{},"Do not use it instead of ",[15,44373,4623],{}," for strings, numbers, lists, or other normal values",[188,44376,44377,44378,44380],{},"Do not store or depend on ",[15,44379,43419],{}," values across program runs",[188,44382,44383],{},"Do not assume the integer has a meaning you should interpret",[188,44385,44386,44387],{},"Do not build unnecessary program logic around ",[15,44388,43419],{},[20,44390,44391],{},"Bad example:",[38,44393,44395],{"className":40,"code":44394,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = \"cat\"\nb = \"cat\"\n\nif id(a) == id(b):\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,44396,44397,44409,44421,44425,44447],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,44398,44399,44401,44403,44405,44407],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,44400,2501],{"class":53},[47,44402,58],{"class":57},[47,44404,303],{"class":151},[47,44406,36981],{"class":155},[47,44408,820],{"class":151},[47,44410,44411,44413,44415,44417,44419],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,44412,2529],{"class":53},[47,44414,58],{"class":57},[47,44416,303],{"class":151},[47,44418,36981],{"class":155},[47,44420,820],{"class":151},[47,44422,44423],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,44424,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,44426,44427,44429,44431,44433,44435,44437,44439,44441,44443,44445],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,44428,6930],{"class":3812},[47,44430,14751],{"class":98},[47,44432,78],{"class":77},[47,44434,360],{"class":81},[47,44436,862],{"class":77},[47,44438,6344],{"class":57},[47,44440,14751],{"class":98},[47,44442,78],{"class":77},[47,44444,4696],{"class":81},[47,44446,8273],{"class":77},[47,44448,44449,44451,44453,44455,44458,44460],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,44450,8000],{"class":98},[47,44452,78],{"class":77},[47,44454,309],{"class":151},[47,44456,44457],{"class":155},"The values are equal",[47,44459,309],{"class":151},[47,44461,85],{"class":77},[20,44463,44464],{},"This is the wrong test. Use:",[38,44466,44468],{"className":40,"code":44467,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"if a == b:\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,44469,44470,44483],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,44471,44472,44474,44477,44479,44481],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,44473,6930],{"class":3812},[47,44475,44476],{"class":53}," a ",[47,44478,4623],{"class":57},[47,44480,2506],{"class":53},[47,44482,6329],{"class":77},[47,44484,44485,44487,44489,44491,44493,44495],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,44486,8000],{"class":98},[47,44488,78],{"class":77},[47,44490,309],{"class":151},[47,44492,44457],{"class":155},[47,44494,309],{"class":151},[47,44496,85],{"class":77},[20,44498,165,44499,1389,44501,44503],{},[15,44500,353],{},[15,44502,43419],{}," only when identity actually matters.",[33,44505,20736],{"id":20735},[20,44507,44508],{},"There are a few details that can confuse beginners:",[185,44510,44511,44514,44517,44522],{},[188,44512,44513],{},"Some small values may appear to share identities because Python can reuse objects",[188,44515,44516],{},"That behavior can vary between Python implementations",[188,44518,44519,44520],{},"Do not assume equal immutable values always have the same ",[15,44521,43419],{},[188,44523,44524,44525],{},"Do not assume they always have different ",[15,44526,43419],{},[20,44528,44529],{},"The important rule is:",[185,44531,44532,44537],{},[188,44533,165,44534,44536],{},[15,44535,4623],{}," to check value",[188,44538,165,44539,44541],{},[15,44540,353],{}," to check identity",[20,44543,44544,44545,44547],{},"In everyday Python code, ",[15,44546,43419],{}," is mainly an inspection tool. It is not something you use all the time.",[33,44549,2775],{"id":2774},[20,44551,44552,44553,2826],{},"Here are common beginner mistakes with ",[15,44554,43419],{},[185,44556,44557,44565,44568,44571,44576],{},[188,44558,1335,44559,44561,44562,44564],{},[15,44560,43419],{}," when ",[15,44563,4623],{}," should be used",[188,44566,44567],{},"Confusing identity with equality",[188,44569,44570],{},"Thinking the returned integer is a memory address you should rely on",[188,44572,44573,44574],{},"Assuming equal immutable values always have different or always have the same ",[15,44575,43419],{},[188,44577,1335,44578,44580],{},[15,44579,43419],{}," to make program logic decisions unnecessarily",[20,44582,44583],{},"If you are debugging, these commands are often helpful:",[38,44585,44587],{"className":40,"code":44586,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(id(my_object))\nprint(a == b)\nprint(a is b)\nprint(type(my_object))\nhelp(id)\n",[15,44588,44589,44604,44618,44632,44646],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,44590,44591,44593,44595,44597,44599,44602],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,44592,99],{"class":98},[47,44594,78],{"class":77},[47,44596,12583],{"class":98},[47,44598,78],{"class":77},[47,44600,44601],{"class":81},"my_object",[47,44603,123],{"class":77},[47,44605,44606,44608,44610,44612,44614,44616],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,44607,99],{"class":98},[47,44609,78],{"class":77},[47,44611,2501],{"class":81},[47,44613,4623],{"class":57},[47,44615,2506],{"class":81},[47,44617,85],{"class":77},[47,44619,44620,44622,44624,44626,44628,44630],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,44621,99],{"class":98},[47,44623,78],{"class":77},[47,44625,2501],{"class":81},[47,44627,353],{"class":3812},[47,44629,2506],{"class":81},[47,44631,85],{"class":77},[47,44633,44634,44636,44638,44640,44642,44644],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,44635,99],{"class":98},[47,44637,78],{"class":77},[47,44639,116],{"class":73},[47,44641,78],{"class":77},[47,44643,44601],{"class":81},[47,44645,123],{"class":77},[47,44647,44648,44650,44652,44654],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,44649,32087],{"class":98},[47,44651,78],{"class":77},[47,44653,12583],{"class":98},[47,44655,85],{"class":77},[33,44657,1762],{"id":1761},[373,44659,44661,44662,12649],{"id":44660},"what-does-python-id-return","What does Python ",[15,44663,43419],{},[20,44665,44666],{},"It returns an integer that identifies an object for as long as that object exists.",[373,44668,1806,44670,44672],{"id":44669},"is-id-the-same-as-a-memory-address",[15,44671,43419],{}," the same as a memory address?",[20,44674,44675],{},"In CPython, it is often related to the memory address, but beginners should treat it as an identity value, not as something to depend on.",[373,44677,21356,44679,44681],{"id":44678},"should-i-use-id-to-compare-two-values",[15,44680,43419],{}," to compare two values?",[20,44683,30205,44684,44686,44687,1389,44689,44691],{},[15,44685,4623],{}," to compare values. Use ",[15,44688,43419],{},[15,44690,353],{}," only when you need to know whether two variables refer to the same object.",[373,44693,44695,44696,1812],{"id":44694},"why-do-two-variables-sometimes-have-the-same-id","Why do two variables sometimes have the same ",[15,44697,43419],{},[20,44699,44700],{},"Because they can point to the same object.",[373,44702,44704,44705,44707],{"id":44703},"why-do-equal-lists-have-different-id-values","Why do equal lists have different ",[15,44706,43419],{}," values?",[20,44709,44710],{},"Because they can store the same values but still be separate objects.",[33,44712,1825],{"id":1824},[185,44714,44715,44720,44725,44730,44738],{},[188,44716,44717],{},[360,44718,44719],{"href":43557},"Python variables explained for beginners",[188,44721,44722],{},[360,44723,44724],{"href":43866},"Mutability in Python: mutable vs immutable types",[188,44726,44727],{},[360,44728,44729],{"href":43870},"Python data types overview",[188,44731,44732],{},[360,44733,13,44735,1834],{"href":44734},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained",[15,44736,44737],{},"isinstance()",[188,44739,44740],{},[360,44741,44743],{"href":44742},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-functions-explained","Python functions explained",[1875,44745,44746],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":65,"depth":65,"links":44748},[44749,44751,44752,44753,44754,44755,44757,44759,44760,44761,44773],{"id":43523,"depth":65,"text":44750},"What id() does",{"id":244,"depth":65,"text":245},{"id":43691,"depth":65,"text":43692},{"id":43874,"depth":65,"text":43875},{"id":43986,"depth":65,"text":43987},{"id":44143,"depth":65,"text":44756},"When id() is useful",{"id":44354,"depth":65,"text":44758},"When not to use id()",{"id":20735,"depth":65,"text":20736},{"id":2774,"depth":65,"text":2775},{"id":1761,"depth":65,"text":1762,"children":44762},[44763,44765,44767,44769,44771],{"id":44660,"depth":88,"text":44764},"What does Python id() return?",{"id":44669,"depth":88,"text":44766},"Is id() the same as a memory address?",{"id":44678,"depth":88,"text":44768},"Should I use id() to compare two values?",{"id":44694,"depth":88,"text":44770},"Why do two variables sometimes have the same id()?",{"id":44703,"depth":88,"text":44772},"Why do equal lists have different id() values?",{"id":1824,"depth":65,"text":1825},"Master python id function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained",{"title":43411,"description":44774},"reference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained","urpvIG90OiBF3OAxMd-CGWa-9xnfjJsWk0ZM8U_FOZA",{"id":44781,"title":42125,"body":44782,"description":46418,"extension":1922,"meta":46419,"navigation":91,"path":46420,"seo":46421,"stem":46422,"__hash__":46423},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":44783,"toc":46384},[44784,44789,44794,44797,44799,44842,44847,44850,44855,44860,44863,44879,44881,44925,44927,44954,44956,44971,44973,44975,44977,44993,44995,45007,45010,45044,45047,45072,45077,45079,45084,45088,45091,45093,45141,45143,45175,45181,45192,45194,45246,45248,45279,45281,45285,45289,45332,45338,45344,45396,45404,45409,45413,45504,45506,45539,45542,45544,45604,45606,45632,45642,45644,45648,45653,45658,45660,45697,45699,45718,45721,45725,45728,45784,45796,45805,45807,45834,45842,45849,45853,45856,45893,45896,45902,45939,45941,45945,45951,45969,45974,46022,46026,46115,46118,46125,46127,46129,46134,46152,46154,46197,46203,46220,46222,46284,46286,46288,46294,46301,46307,46313,46322,46332,46336,46344,46346,46348,46381],[10,44785,13,44787,18],{"id":44786},"python-input-function-explained",[15,44788,2900],{},[20,44790,1939,44791,44793],{},[15,44792,2900],{}," function lets your Python program receive text from the user.",[20,44795,44796],{},"It is one of the most common beginner tools in Python because it makes programs interactive. You can use it to ask for a name, an age, a number, or any other value the user types.",[33,44798,36],{"id":35},[38,44800,44802],{"className":40,"code":44801,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(\"Hello, \" + name)\n",[15,44803,44804,44823],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,44805,44806,44808,44810,44812,44814,44816,44819,44821],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,44807,810],{"class":53},[47,44809,58],{"class":57},[47,44811,8173],{"class":98},[47,44813,78],{"class":77},[47,44815,309],{"class":151},[47,44817,44818],{"class":155},"Enter your name: ",[47,44820,309],{"class":151},[47,44822,85],{"class":77},[47,44824,44825,44827,44829,44831,44834,44836,44838,44840],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,44826,99],{"class":98},[47,44828,78],{"class":77},[47,44830,309],{"class":151},[47,44832,44833],{"class":155},"Hello, ",[47,44835,309],{"class":151},[47,44837,312],{"class":57},[47,44839,35925],{"class":81},[47,44841,85],{"class":77},[20,44843,165,44844,44846],{},[15,44845,2900],{}," to get text from the user. It always returns a string.",[44848,44849],"hr",{},[33,44851,172,44853,175],{"id":44852},"what-input-does",[15,44854,2900],{},[20,44856,44857,44859],{},[15,44858,2900],{}," pauses the program and waits for the user to type something.",[20,44861,44862],{},"Here is what happens:",[185,44864,44865,44870,44873,44876],{},[188,44866,44867,44869],{},[15,44868,2900],{}," waits for the user to type",[188,44871,44872],{},"It reads text from the keyboard",[188,44874,44875],{},"It returns the typed value as a string",[188,44877,44878],{},"The program continues after the user presses Enter",[20,44880,800],{},[38,44882,44884],{"className":40,"code":44883,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\nprint(\"Your favorite color is\", color)\n",[15,44885,44886,44906],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,44887,44888,44891,44893,44895,44897,44899,44902,44904],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,44889,44890],{"class":53},"color ",[47,44892,58],{"class":57},[47,44894,8173],{"class":98},[47,44896,78],{"class":77},[47,44898,309],{"class":151},[47,44900,44901],{"class":155},"What is your favorite color? ",[47,44903,309],{"class":151},[47,44905,85],{"class":77},[47,44907,44908,44910,44912,44914,44917,44919,44921,44923],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,44909,99],{"class":98},[47,44911,78],{"class":77},[47,44913,309],{"class":151},[47,44915,44916],{"class":155},"Your favorite color is",[47,44918,309],{"class":151},[47,44920,668],{"class":77},[47,44922,35785],{"class":81},[47,44924,85],{"class":77},[20,44926,29964],{},[38,44928,44930],{"className":40,"code":44929,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"What is your favorite color? blue\nYour favorite color is blue\n",[15,44931,44932,44945],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,44933,44934,44936,44938,44941,44943],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,44935,172],{"class":53},[47,44937,353],{"class":57},[47,44939,44940],{"class":53}," your favorite color",[47,44942,1812],{"class":37301},[47,44944,35815],{"class":53},[47,44946,44947,44950,44952],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,44948,44949],{"class":53},"Your favorite color ",[47,44951,353],{"class":57},[47,44953,35815],{"class":53},[20,44955,19893],{},[185,44957,44958,44963,44968],{},[188,44959,44960,44961],{},"The prompt is ",[15,44962,44901],{},[188,44964,44965,44966],{},"The user's answer is stored in ",[15,44967,32825],{},[188,44969,44970],{},"That value is then printed",[44848,44972],{},[33,44974,245],{"id":244},[20,44976,248],{},[38,44978,44980],{"className":40,"code":44979,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"input(prompt)\n",[15,44981,44982],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,44983,44984,44986,44988,44991],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,44985,42393],{"class":98},[47,44987,78],{"class":77},[47,44989,44990],{"class":81},"prompt",[47,44992,85],{"class":77},[20,44994,1515],{},[185,44996,44997,45001,45004],{},[188,44998,1939,44999,19975],{},[15,45000,44990],{},[188,45002,45003],{},"The prompt appears before the user types",[188,45005,45006],{},"You usually store the result in a variable",[20,45008,45009],{},"Example with a prompt:",[38,45011,45013],{"className":40,"code":45012,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"username = input(\"Enter your username: \")\nprint(username)\n",[15,45014,45015,45034],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,45016,45017,45019,45021,45023,45025,45027,45030,45032],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45018,7892],{"class":53},[47,45020,58],{"class":57},[47,45022,8173],{"class":98},[47,45024,78],{"class":77},[47,45026,309],{"class":151},[47,45028,45029],{"class":155},"Enter your username: ",[47,45031,309],{"class":151},[47,45033,85],{"class":77},[47,45035,45036,45038,45040,45042],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,45037,99],{"class":98},[47,45039,78],{"class":77},[47,45041,7916],{"class":81},[47,45043,85],{"class":77},[20,45045,45046],{},"Example without a prompt:",[38,45048,45050],{"className":40,"code":45049,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = input()\nprint(value)\n",[15,45051,45052,45062],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,45053,45054,45056,45058,45060],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45055,566],{"class":53},[47,45057,58],{"class":57},[47,45059,8173],{"class":98},[47,45061,8574],{"class":77},[47,45063,45064,45066,45068,45070],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,45065,99],{"class":98},[47,45067,78],{"class":77},[47,45069,585],{"class":81},[47,45071,85],{"class":77},[20,45073,1526,45074,45076],{},[15,45075,2900],{}," without a prompt, but a clear prompt is usually better. It helps the user know what to enter.",[44848,45078],{},[33,45080,172,45082,11639],{"id":45081},"what-input-returns",[15,45083,2900],{},[20,45085,45086,275],{},[15,45087,2900],{},[20,45089,45090],{},"That is true even if the user types a number.",[20,45092,800],{},[38,45094,45096],{"className":40,"code":45095,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"age = input(\"Enter your age: \")\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,45097,45098,45117,45127],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,45099,45100,45102,45104,45106,45108,45110,45113,45115],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45101,54],{"class":53},[47,45103,58],{"class":57},[47,45105,8173],{"class":98},[47,45107,78],{"class":77},[47,45109,309],{"class":151},[47,45111,45112],{"class":155},"Enter your age: ",[47,45114,309],{"class":151},[47,45116,85],{"class":77},[47,45118,45119,45121,45123,45125],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,45120,99],{"class":98},[47,45122,78],{"class":77},[47,45124,82],{"class":81},[47,45126,85],{"class":77},[47,45128,45129,45131,45133,45135,45137,45139],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,45130,99],{"class":98},[47,45132,78],{"class":77},[47,45134,116],{"class":73},[47,45136,78],{"class":77},[47,45138,82],{"class":81},[47,45140,123],{"class":77},[20,45142,29964],{},[38,45144,45146],{"className":40,"code":45145,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,45147,45148,45157,45161],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,45149,45150,45153,45155],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45151,45152],{"class":53},"Enter your age",[47,45154,2826],{"class":77},[47,45156,62],{"class":61},[47,45158,45159],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,45160,139],{"class":61},[47,45162,45163,45165,45167,45169,45171,45173],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,45164,144],{"class":57},[47,45166,148],{"class":147},[47,45168,152],{"class":151},[47,45170,156],{"class":155},[47,45172,159],{"class":151},[47,45174,162],{"class":57},[20,45176,45177,45178,45180],{},"Even though the user typed ",[15,45179,9126],{},", Python treats it as text.",[20,45182,45183,45184,1389,45188,914],{},"If you need a number, convert it with ",[360,45185,45186],{"href":1385},[15,45187,1388],{},[360,45189,45190],{"href":1392},[15,45191,1395],{},[20,45193,800],{},[38,45195,45197],{"className":40,"code":45196,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,45198,45199,45222,45232],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,45200,45201,45203,45205,45208,45210,45212,45214,45216,45218,45220],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45202,54],{"class":53},[47,45204,58],{"class":57},[47,45206,45207],{"class":73}," int",[47,45209,78],{"class":77},[47,45211,42393],{"class":98},[47,45213,78],{"class":77},[47,45215,309],{"class":151},[47,45217,45112],{"class":155},[47,45219,309],{"class":151},[47,45221,123],{"class":77},[47,45223,45224,45226,45228,45230],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,45225,99],{"class":98},[47,45227,78],{"class":77},[47,45229,82],{"class":81},[47,45231,85],{"class":77},[47,45233,45234,45236,45238,45240,45242,45244],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,45235,99],{"class":98},[47,45237,78],{"class":77},[47,45239,116],{"class":73},[47,45241,78],{"class":77},[47,45243,82],{"class":81},[47,45245,123],{"class":77},[20,45247,29964],{},[38,45249,45251],{"className":40,"code":45250,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,45252,45253,45261,45265],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,45254,45255,45257,45259],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45256,45152],{"class":53},[47,45258,2826],{"class":77},[47,45260,62],{"class":61},[47,45262,45263],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,45264,139],{"class":61},[47,45266,45267,45269,45271,45273,45275,45277],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,45268,144],{"class":57},[47,45270,148],{"class":147},[47,45272,152],{"class":151},[47,45274,1050],{"class":155},[47,45276,159],{"class":151},[47,45278,162],{"class":57},[44848,45280],{},[33,45282,45284],{"id":45283},"simple-examples-beginners-need","Simple examples beginners need",[373,45286,45288],{"id":45287},"ask-for-a-name-and-print-it","Ask for a name and print it",[38,45290,45292],{"className":40,"code":45291,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = input(\"What is your name? \")\nprint(\"Hello,\", name)\n",[15,45293,45294,45313],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,45295,45296,45298,45300,45302,45304,45306,45309,45311],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45297,810],{"class":53},[47,45299,58],{"class":57},[47,45301,8173],{"class":98},[47,45303,78],{"class":77},[47,45305,309],{"class":151},[47,45307,45308],{"class":155},"What is your name? ",[47,45310,309],{"class":151},[47,45312,85],{"class":77},[47,45314,45315,45317,45319,45321,45324,45326,45328,45330],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,45316,99],{"class":98},[47,45318,78],{"class":77},[47,45320,309],{"class":151},[47,45322,45323],{"class":155},"Hello,",[47,45325,309],{"class":151},[47,45327,668],{"class":77},[47,45329,35925],{"class":81},[47,45331,85],{"class":77},[20,45333,45334,45335,45337],{},"This stores the user's answer in ",[15,45336,7601],{}," and prints it.",[373,45339,45341,45342],{"id":45340},"ask-for-age-and-convert-it-with-int","Ask for age and convert it with ",[15,45343,1388],{},[38,45345,45347],{"className":40,"code":45346,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"age = int(input(\"How old are you? \"))\nprint(\"Next year you will be\", age + 1)\n",[15,45348,45349,45372],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,45350,45351,45353,45355,45357,45359,45361,45363,45365,45368,45370],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45352,54],{"class":53},[47,45354,58],{"class":57},[47,45356,45207],{"class":73},[47,45358,78],{"class":77},[47,45360,42393],{"class":98},[47,45362,78],{"class":77},[47,45364,309],{"class":151},[47,45366,45367],{"class":155},"How old are you? ",[47,45369,309],{"class":151},[47,45371,123],{"class":77},[47,45373,45374,45376,45378,45380,45383,45385,45387,45390,45392,45394],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,45375,99],{"class":98},[47,45377,78],{"class":77},[47,45379,309],{"class":151},[47,45381,45382],{"class":155},"Next year you will be",[47,45384,309],{"class":151},[47,45386,668],{"class":77},[47,45388,45389],{"class":81}," age ",[47,45391,844],{"class":57},[47,45393,5431],{"class":61},[47,45395,85],{"class":77},[20,45397,5995,45398,45400,45401,45403],{},[15,45399,1388],{}," converts the text from ",[15,45402,2900],{}," into a whole number.",[20,45405,45406,45407,914],{},"If you want more help with this step, see ",[360,45408,8913],{"href":8912},[373,45410,45412],{"id":45411},"ask-for-two-numbers-and-add-them-after-conversion","Ask for two numbers and add them after conversion",[38,45414,45416],{"className":40,"code":45415,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"num1 = int(input(\"Enter the first number: \"))\nnum2 = int(input(\"Enter the second number: \"))\ntotal = num1 + num2\n\nprint(\"Total:\", total)\n",[15,45417,45418,45442,45466,45480,45484],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,45419,45420,45423,45425,45427,45429,45431,45433,45435,45438,45440],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45421,45422],{"class":53},"num1 ",[47,45424,58],{"class":57},[47,45426,45207],{"class":73},[47,45428,78],{"class":77},[47,45430,42393],{"class":98},[47,45432,78],{"class":77},[47,45434,309],{"class":151},[47,45436,45437],{"class":155},"Enter the first number: ",[47,45439,309],{"class":151},[47,45441,123],{"class":77},[47,45443,45444,45447,45449,45451,45453,45455,45457,45459,45462,45464],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,45445,45446],{"class":53},"num2 ",[47,45448,58],{"class":57},[47,45450,45207],{"class":73},[47,45452,78],{"class":77},[47,45454,42393],{"class":98},[47,45456,78],{"class":77},[47,45458,309],{"class":151},[47,45460,45461],{"class":155},"Enter the second number: ",[47,45463,309],{"class":151},[47,45465,123],{"class":77},[47,45467,45468,45470,45472,45475,45477],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,45469,41116],{"class":53},[47,45471,58],{"class":57},[47,45473,45474],{"class":53}," num1 ",[47,45476,844],{"class":57},[47,45478,45479],{"class":53}," num2\n",[47,45481,45482],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,45483,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,45485,45486,45488,45490,45492,45495,45497,45499,45502],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,45487,99],{"class":98},[47,45489,78],{"class":77},[47,45491,309],{"class":151},[47,45493,45494],{"class":155},"Total:",[47,45496,309],{"class":151},[47,45498,668],{"class":77},[47,45500,45501],{"class":81}," total",[47,45503,85],{"class":77},[20,45505,29964],{},[38,45507,45509],{"className":40,"code":45508,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\nTotal: 5\n",[15,45510,45511,45521,45530],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,45512,45513,45516,45518],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45514,45515],{"class":53},"Enter the first number",[47,45517,2826],{"class":77},[47,45519,45520],{"class":61}," 2\n",[47,45522,45523,45526,45528],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,45524,45525],{"class":53},"Enter the second number",[47,45527,2826],{"class":77},[47,45529,2524],{"class":61},[47,45531,45532,45535,45537],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,45533,45534],{"class":53},"Total",[47,45536,2826],{"class":77},[47,45538,34775],{"class":61},[20,45540,45541],{},"If you skip the conversion, Python joins the values as strings instead of adding them as numbers.",[20,45543,800],{},[38,45545,45547],{"className":40,"code":45546,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"num1 = input(\"Enter the first number: \")\nnum2 = input(\"Enter the second number: \")\n\nprint(num1 + num2)\n",[15,45548,45549,45567,45585,45589],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,45550,45551,45553,45555,45557,45559,45561,45563,45565],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45552,45422],{"class":53},[47,45554,58],{"class":57},[47,45556,8173],{"class":98},[47,45558,78],{"class":77},[47,45560,309],{"class":151},[47,45562,45437],{"class":155},[47,45564,309],{"class":151},[47,45566,85],{"class":77},[47,45568,45569,45571,45573,45575,45577,45579,45581,45583],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,45570,45446],{"class":53},[47,45572,58],{"class":57},[47,45574,8173],{"class":98},[47,45576,78],{"class":77},[47,45578,309],{"class":151},[47,45580,45461],{"class":155},[47,45582,309],{"class":151},[47,45584,85],{"class":77},[47,45586,45587],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,45588,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,45590,45591,45593,45595,45597,45599,45602],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,45592,99],{"class":98},[47,45594,78],{"class":77},[47,45596,45422],{"class":81},[47,45598,844],{"class":57},[47,45600,45601],{"class":81}," num2",[47,45603,85],{"class":77},[20,45605,29964],{},[38,45607,45609],{"className":40,"code":45608,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\n23\n",[15,45610,45611,45619,45627],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,45612,45613,45615,45617],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45614,45515],{"class":53},[47,45616,2826],{"class":77},[47,45618,45520],{"class":61},[47,45620,45621,45623,45625],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,45622,45525],{"class":53},[47,45624,2826],{"class":77},[47,45626,2524],{"class":61},[47,45628,45629],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,45630,45631],{"class":61},"23\n",[20,45633,45634,45635,45638,45639,914],{},"That happens because ",[15,45636,45637],{},"\"2\" + \"3\""," creates ",[15,45640,45641],{},"\"23\"",[44848,45643],{},[33,45645,45647],{"id":45646},"common-beginner-problems","Common beginner problems",[20,45649,45650,45651,914],{},"Beginners often run into the same few issues with ",[15,45652,2900],{},[373,45654,4639,45656,41476],{"id":45655},"forgetting-that-input-returns-a-string",[15,45657,2900],{},[20,45659,39134],{},[38,45661,45663],{"className":40,"code":45662,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,45664,45665,45683],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,45666,45667,45669,45671,45673,45675,45677,45679,45681],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45668,566],{"class":53},[47,45670,58],{"class":57},[47,45672,8173],{"class":98},[47,45674,78],{"class":77},[47,45676,309],{"class":151},[47,45678,41805],{"class":155},[47,45680,309],{"class":151},[47,45682,85],{"class":77},[47,45684,45685,45687,45689,45691,45693,45695],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,45686,99],{"class":98},[47,45688,78],{"class":77},[47,45690,116],{"class":73},[47,45692,78],{"class":77},[47,45694,585],{"class":81},[47,45696,123],{"class":77},[20,45698,129],{},[38,45700,45702],{"className":40,"code":45701,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,45703,45704],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,45705,45706,45708,45710,45712,45714,45716],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45707,144],{"class":57},[47,45709,148],{"class":147},[47,45711,152],{"class":151},[47,45713,156],{"class":155},[47,45715,159],{"class":151},[47,45717,162],{"class":57},[20,45719,45720],{},"If you need a number, convert it first.",[373,45722,45724],{"id":45723},"trying-to-add-numbers-without-converting-them","Trying to add numbers without converting them",[20,45726,45727],{},"This gives string joining, not math.",[38,45729,45731],{"className":40,"code":45730,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nb = input(\"Enter another number: \")\nprint(a + b)\n",[15,45732,45733,45751,45770],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,45734,45735,45737,45739,45741,45743,45745,45747,45749],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45736,2501],{"class":53},[47,45738,58],{"class":57},[47,45740,8173],{"class":98},[47,45742,78],{"class":77},[47,45744,309],{"class":151},[47,45746,41805],{"class":155},[47,45748,309],{"class":151},[47,45750,85],{"class":77},[47,45752,45753,45755,45757,45759,45761,45763,45766,45768],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,45754,2529],{"class":53},[47,45756,58],{"class":57},[47,45758,8173],{"class":98},[47,45760,78],{"class":77},[47,45762,309],{"class":151},[47,45764,45765],{"class":155},"Enter another number: ",[47,45767,309],{"class":151},[47,45769,85],{"class":77},[47,45771,45772,45774,45776,45778,45780,45782],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,45773,99],{"class":98},[47,45775,78],{"class":77},[47,45777,2501],{"class":81},[47,45779,844],{"class":57},[47,45781,2506],{"class":81},[47,45783,85],{"class":77},[20,45785,41054,45786,4329,45788,45790,45791,18899,45794,914],{},[15,45787,2451],{},[15,45789,2094],{},", the result is ",[15,45792,45793],{},"45",[15,45795,2102],{},[373,45797,45799,45800,45802,45803],{"id":45798},"getting-valueerror-when-converting-invalid-text-to-int","Getting ",[15,45801,40637],{}," when converting invalid text to ",[15,45804,1388],{},[20,45806,800],{},[38,45808,45810],{"className":40,"code":45809,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n",[15,45811,45812],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,45813,45814,45816,45818,45820,45822,45824,45826,45828,45830,45832],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45815,54],{"class":53},[47,45817,58],{"class":57},[47,45819,45207],{"class":73},[47,45821,78],{"class":77},[47,45823,42393],{"class":98},[47,45825,78],{"class":77},[47,45827,309],{"class":151},[47,45829,45112],{"class":155},[47,45831,309],{"class":151},[47,45833,123],{"class":77},[20,45835,8202,45836,45839,45840,914],{},[15,45837,45838],{},"ten",", Python raises a ",[15,45841,40637],{},[20,45843,45844,45845,914],{},"If you see this problem, read ",[360,45846,45848],{"href":45847},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-invalid-literal-for-int-with-base-10-fix\u002F","ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10",[373,45850,45852],{"id":45851},"leaving-extra-spaces-in-user-input","Leaving extra spaces in user input",[20,45854,45855],{},"Users sometimes type extra spaces before or after their answer.",[38,45857,45859],{"className":40,"code":45858,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(repr(name))\n",[15,45860,45861,45879],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,45862,45863,45865,45867,45869,45871,45873,45875,45877],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45864,810],{"class":53},[47,45866,58],{"class":57},[47,45868,8173],{"class":98},[47,45870,78],{"class":77},[47,45872,309],{"class":151},[47,45874,44818],{"class":155},[47,45876,309],{"class":151},[47,45878,85],{"class":77},[47,45880,45881,45883,45885,45887,45889,45891],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,45882,99],{"class":98},[47,45884,78],{"class":77},[47,45886,41713],{"class":98},[47,45888,78],{"class":77},[47,45890,7601],{"class":81},[47,45892,123],{"class":77},[20,45894,45895],{},"If the user enters spaces, those spaces become part of the string.",[20,45897,45898,45899,2826],{},"You can remove them with ",[15,45900,45901],{},".strip()",[38,45903,45905],{"className":40,"code":45904,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \").strip()\nprint(name)\n",[15,45906,45907,45929],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,45908,45909,45911,45913,45915,45917,45919,45921,45923,45925,45927],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45910,810],{"class":53},[47,45912,58],{"class":57},[47,45914,8173],{"class":98},[47,45916,78],{"class":77},[47,45918,309],{"class":151},[47,45920,44818],{"class":155},[47,45922,309],{"class":151},[47,45924,8562],{"class":77},[47,45926,8565],{"class":81},[47,45928,8574],{"class":77},[47,45930,45931,45933,45935,45937],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,45932,99],{"class":98},[47,45934,78],{"class":77},[47,45936,7601],{"class":81},[47,45938,85],{"class":77},[44848,45940],{},[33,45942,45944],{"id":45943},"helpful-tips","Helpful tips",[20,45946,45947,45948,45950],{},"These habits make ",[15,45949,2900],{}," easier and safer to use.",[185,45952,45953,45956,45961,45964],{},[188,45954,45955],{},"Use clear prompts so users know what to enter",[188,45957,165,45958,45960],{},[15,45959,45901],{}," to remove extra spaces when needed",[188,45962,45963],{},"Validate input before using it in larger programs",[188,45965,165,45966,45968],{},[15,45967,29716],{}," when converting input to numbers",[20,45970,45971,45972,2826],{},"Example with ",[15,45973,45901],{},[38,45975,45977],{"className":40,"code":45976,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"city = input(\"Enter your city: \").strip()\nprint(\"City:\", city)\n",[15,45978,45979,46003],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,45980,45981,45984,45986,45988,45990,45992,45995,45997,45999,46001],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45982,45983],{"class":53},"city ",[47,45985,58],{"class":57},[47,45987,8173],{"class":98},[47,45989,78],{"class":77},[47,45991,309],{"class":151},[47,45993,45994],{"class":155},"Enter your city: ",[47,45996,309],{"class":151},[47,45998,8562],{"class":77},[47,46000,8565],{"class":81},[47,46002,8574],{"class":77},[47,46004,46005,46007,46009,46011,46014,46016,46018,46020],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,46006,99],{"class":98},[47,46008,78],{"class":77},[47,46010,309],{"class":151},[47,46012,46013],{"class":155},"City:",[47,46015,309],{"class":151},[47,46017,668],{"class":77},[47,46019,31319],{"class":81},[47,46021,85],{"class":77},[20,46023,45971,46024,2826],{},[15,46025,29716],{},[38,46027,46029],{"className":40,"code":46028,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"try:\n    age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n    print(\"You will be\", age + 1, \"next year\")\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Please enter a whole number.\")\n",[15,46030,46031,46037,46060,46092,46100],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,46032,46033,46035],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,46034,29738],{"class":3812},[47,46036,6329],{"class":77},[47,46038,46039,46042,46044,46046,46048,46050,46052,46054,46056,46058],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,46040,46041],{"class":53},"    age ",[47,46043,58],{"class":57},[47,46045,45207],{"class":73},[47,46047,78],{"class":77},[47,46049,42393],{"class":98},[47,46051,78],{"class":77},[47,46053,309],{"class":151},[47,46055,45112],{"class":155},[47,46057,309],{"class":151},[47,46059,123],{"class":77},[47,46061,46062,46064,46066,46068,46071,46073,46075,46077,46079,46081,46083,46085,46088,46090],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,46063,8000],{"class":98},[47,46065,78],{"class":77},[47,46067,309],{"class":151},[47,46069,46070],{"class":155},"You will be",[47,46072,309],{"class":151},[47,46074,668],{"class":77},[47,46076,45389],{"class":81},[47,46078,844],{"class":57},[47,46080,5431],{"class":61},[47,46082,668],{"class":77},[47,46084,303],{"class":151},[47,46086,46087],{"class":155},"next year",[47,46089,309],{"class":151},[47,46091,85],{"class":77},[47,46093,46094,46096,46098],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,46095,29769],{"class":3812},[47,46097,41860],{"class":73},[47,46099,6329],{"class":77},[47,46101,46102,46104,46106,46108,46111,46113],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,46103,8000],{"class":98},[47,46105,78],{"class":77},[47,46107,309],{"class":151},[47,46109,46110],{"class":155},"Please enter a whole number.",[47,46112,309],{"class":151},[47,46114,85],{"class":77},[20,46116,46117],{},"This prevents the program from crashing when the user enters invalid text.",[20,46119,46120,46121,914],{},"If you are new to interactive programs, see ",[360,46122,46124],{"href":46123},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-user-input-in-python\u002F","how to get user input in Python",[44848,46126],{},[33,46128,2775],{"id":2774},[20,46130,46131,46132,2826],{},"These are the most common causes of problems when using ",[15,46133,2900],{},[185,46135,46136,46143,46146,46149],{},[188,46137,46138,46139,1389,46141],{},"Treating user input as a number without using ",[15,46140,1388],{},[15,46142,1395],{},[188,46144,46145],{},"Concatenating strings and numbers together incorrectly",[188,46147,46148],{},"Entering non-numeric text when the program expects a number",[188,46150,46151],{},"Assuming pressing Enter gives a number instead of an empty string",[20,46153,32017],{},[38,46155,46157],{"className":40,"code":46156,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,46158,46159,46169,46183],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,46160,46161,46163,46165,46167],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,46162,99],{"class":98},[47,46164,78],{"class":77},[47,46166,585],{"class":81},[47,46168,85],{"class":77},[47,46170,46171,46173,46175,46177,46179,46181],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,46172,99],{"class":98},[47,46174,78],{"class":77},[47,46176,116],{"class":73},[47,46178,78],{"class":77},[47,46180,585],{"class":81},[47,46182,123],{"class":77},[47,46184,46185,46187,46189,46191,46193,46195],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,46186,99],{"class":98},[47,46188,78],{"class":77},[47,46190,41713],{"class":98},[47,46192,78],{"class":77},[47,46194,585],{"class":81},[47,46196,123],{"class":77},[20,46198,46199,46200,46202],{},"These help you inspect what ",[15,46201,2900],{}," actually returned:",[185,46204,46205,46210,46215],{},[188,46206,46207,46209],{},[15,46208,41761],{}," shows the value",[188,46211,46212,46214],{},[15,46213,41767],{}," shows the data type",[188,46216,46217,46219],{},[15,46218,41772],{}," shows hidden spaces and special characters",[20,46221,800],{},[38,46223,46225],{"className":40,"code":46224,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,46226,46227,46246,46256,46270],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,46228,46229,46231,46233,46235,46237,46239,46242,46244],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,46230,566],{"class":53},[47,46232,58],{"class":57},[47,46234,8173],{"class":98},[47,46236,78],{"class":77},[47,46238,309],{"class":151},[47,46240,46241],{"class":155},"Enter something: ",[47,46243,309],{"class":151},[47,46245,85],{"class":77},[47,46247,46248,46250,46252,46254],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,46249,99],{"class":98},[47,46251,78],{"class":77},[47,46253,585],{"class":81},[47,46255,85],{"class":77},[47,46257,46258,46260,46262,46264,46266,46268],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,46259,99],{"class":98},[47,46261,78],{"class":77},[47,46263,116],{"class":73},[47,46265,78],{"class":77},[47,46267,585],{"class":81},[47,46269,123],{"class":77},[47,46271,46272,46274,46276,46278,46280,46282],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,46273,99],{"class":98},[47,46275,78],{"class":77},[47,46277,41713],{"class":98},[47,46279,78],{"class":77},[47,46281,585],{"class":81},[47,46283,123],{"class":77},[44848,46285],{},[33,46287,1762],{"id":1761},[373,46289,1776,46291,46293],{"id":46290},"does-input-return-an-integer",[15,46292,2900],{}," return an integer?",[20,46295,1815,46296,46298,46299,39865],{},[15,46297,2900],{}," always returns a string. Convert it with ",[15,46300,1388],{},[373,46302,46304,46305,1812],{"id":46303},"is-the-prompt-required-in-input","Is the prompt required in ",[15,46306,2900],{},[20,46308,46309,46310,46312],{},"No. You can call ",[15,46311,2900],{}," with no prompt, but prompts help users know what to type.",[373,46314,5090,46316,46319,46320,1812],{"id":46315},"why-does-2-3-not-work-correctly-with-input",[15,46317,46318],{},"2 + 3"," not work correctly with ",[15,46321,2900],{},[20,46323,28995,46324,46326,46327,194,46329,46331],{},[15,46325,2900],{}," returns strings. ",[15,46328,45637],{},[15,46330,45641],{}," unless you convert both values to numbers.",[373,46333,46335],{"id":46334},"how-do-i-remove-spaces-from-input","How do I remove spaces from input?",[20,46337,165,46338,46340,46341,914],{},[15,46339,45901],{}," on the returned string, such as ",[15,46342,46343],{},"input(\"Name: \").strip()",[44848,46345],{},[33,46347,1825],{"id":1824},[185,46349,46350,46355,46359,46365,46371,46375],{},[188,46351,46352],{},[360,46353,46354],{"href":46123},"How to get user input in Python",[188,46356,46357],{},[360,46358,8990],{"href":8912},[188,46360,46361],{},[360,46362,13,46363,1834],{"href":1385},[15,46364,1388],{},[188,46366,46367],{},[360,46368,13,46369,1834],{"href":1392},[15,46370,1395],{},[188,46372,46373],{},[360,46374,45848],{"href":45847},[188,46376,46377],{},[360,46378,13,46379,1834],{"href":1089},[15,46380,923],{},[1875,46382,46383],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":65,"depth":65,"links":46385},[46386,46387,46389,46390,46392,46398,46406,46407,46408,46417],{"id":35,"depth":65,"text":36},{"id":44852,"depth":65,"text":46388},"What input() does",{"id":244,"depth":65,"text":245},{"id":45081,"depth":65,"text":46391},"What input() returns",{"id":45283,"depth":65,"text":45284,"children":46393},[46394,46395,46397],{"id":45287,"depth":88,"text":45288},{"id":45340,"depth":88,"text":46396},"Ask for age and convert it with int()",{"id":45411,"depth":88,"text":45412},{"id":45646,"depth":65,"text":45647,"children":46399},[46400,46402,46403,46405],{"id":45655,"depth":88,"text":46401},"Forgetting that input() returns a string",{"id":45723,"depth":88,"text":45724},{"id":45798,"depth":88,"text":46404},"Getting ValueError when converting invalid text to int()",{"id":45851,"depth":88,"text":45852},{"id":45943,"depth":65,"text":45944},{"id":2774,"depth":65,"text":2775},{"id":1761,"depth":65,"text":1762,"children":46409},[46410,46412,46414,46416],{"id":46290,"depth":88,"text":46411},"Does input() return an integer?",{"id":46303,"depth":88,"text":46413},"Is the prompt required in input()?",{"id":46315,"depth":88,"text":46415},"Why does 2 + 3 not work correctly with input()?",{"id":46334,"depth":88,"text":46335},{"id":1824,"depth":65,"text":1825},"Master python input function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained",{"title":42125,"description":46418},"reference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained","mgCYTLqY7_xdXYb-uIqvqqWNrZiPlmc9q8zaEr1fEyw",{"id":46425,"title":42030,"body":46426,"description":48736,"extension":1922,"meta":48737,"navigation":91,"path":48738,"seo":48739,"stem":48740,"__hash__":48741},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":46427,"toc":48688},[46428,46433,46438,46443,46464,46467,46469,46529,46531,46549,46554,46559,46564,46566,46579,46581,46664,46666,46707,46713,46715,46745,46751,46754,46771,46773,46825,46827,46845,46851,46857,46860,46878,46880,46953,46955,46974,46981,46987,46992,46995,47055,47057,47076,47079,47082,47097,47103,47107,47168,47170,47191,47195,47324,47326,47456,47466,47472,47478,47486,47552,47554,47579,47582,47599,47611,47617,47620,47653,47655,47668,47671,47714,47716,47724,47731,47735,47742,47746,47773,47775,47783,47789,47806,47811,47815,47842,47844,47852,47856,47861,47864,47890,47893,47902,47910,47914,47924,47928,47931,47933,47984,47986,48016,48025,48052,48054,48062,48072,48076,48079,48081,48129,48131,48175,48181,48232,48234,48253,48258,48263,48266,48285,48288,48340,48342,48351,48353,48357,48361,48364,48373,48380,48382,48409,48413,48415,48424,48427,48434,48440,48500,48504,48506,48514,48517,48543,48549,48552,48572,48574,48583,48591,48593,48599,48604,48611,48621,48627,48635,48639,48642,48644,48685],[10,46429,13,46431,18],{"id":46430},"python-int-function-explained",[15,46432,1388],{},[20,46434,22,46435,46437],{},[15,46436,1388],{}," function converts a value into an integer.",[20,46439,35339,46440,46442],{},[15,46441,1388],{}," when they want to:",[185,46444,46445,46455,46458,46461],{},[188,46446,46447,46448,46451,46452],{},"turn text like ",[15,46449,46450],{},"\"42\""," into the number ",[15,46453,46454],{},"42",[188,46456,46457],{},"convert user input into a whole number",[188,46459,46460],{},"remove the decimal part from a float",[188,46462,46463],{},"read numbers written in binary or hexadecimal",[20,46465,46466],{},"It is a built-in function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[33,46468,36],{"id":35},[38,46470,46472],{"className":40,"code":46471,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(int(\"42\"))\nprint(int(3.9))\nprint(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,46473,46474,46492,46506],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,46475,46476,46478,46480,46482,46484,46486,46488,46490],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,46477,99],{"class":98},[47,46479,78],{"class":77},[47,46481,1050],{"class":73},[47,46483,78],{"class":77},[47,46485,309],{"class":151},[47,46487,46454],{"class":155},[47,46489,309],{"class":151},[47,46491,123],{"class":77},[47,46493,46494,46496,46498,46500,46502,46504],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,46495,99],{"class":98},[47,46497,78],{"class":77},[47,46499,1050],{"class":73},[47,46501,78],{"class":77},[47,46503,41918],{"class":61},[47,46505,123],{"class":77},[47,46507,46508,46510,46512,46514,46516,46518,46521,46523,46525,46527],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,46509,99],{"class":98},[47,46511,78],{"class":77},[47,46513,1050],{"class":73},[47,46515,78],{"class":77},[47,46517,309],{"class":151},[47,46519,46520],{"class":155},"101",[47,46522,309],{"class":151},[47,46524,668],{"class":77},[47,46526,671],{"class":61},[47,46528,123],{"class":77},[20,46530,129],{},[38,46532,46534],{"className":40,"code":46533,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"42\n3\n5\n",[15,46535,46536,46540,46545],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,46537,46538],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,46539,1025],{"class":61},[47,46541,46542],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,46543,46544],{"class":61},"3\n",[47,46546,46547],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,46548,2889],{"class":61},[20,46550,165,46551,46553],{},[15,46552,1388],{}," to convert a number-like value to an integer. Strings must contain a valid whole number unless you also provide a base.",[33,46555,172,46557,175],{"id":46556},"what-int-does",[15,46558,1388],{},[20,46560,46561,46563],{},[15,46562,1388],{}," converts a value into an integer.",[20,46565,12986],{},[185,46567,46568,46573,46576],{},[188,46569,46570,46571,7272],{},"It can turn strings, floats, and booleans into ",[15,46572,1050],{},[188,46574,46575],{},"It returns a new integer value.",[188,46577,46578],{},"It does not change the original object.",[20,46580,800],{},[38,46582,46584],{"className":40,"code":46583,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"25\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,46585,46586,46598,46612,46616,46626,46636,46650],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,46587,46588,46590,46592,46594,46596],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,46589,68],{"class":53},[47,46591,58],{"class":57},[47,46593,303],{"class":151},[47,46595,9126],{"class":155},[47,46597,820],{"class":151},[47,46599,46600,46602,46604,46606,46608,46610],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,46601,386],{"class":53},[47,46603,58],{"class":57},[47,46605,45207],{"class":73},[47,46607,78],{"class":77},[47,46609,104],{"class":81},[47,46611,85],{"class":77},[47,46613,46614],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,46615,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,46617,46618,46620,46622,46624],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,46619,99],{"class":98},[47,46621,78],{"class":77},[47,46623,104],{"class":81},[47,46625,85],{"class":77},[47,46627,46628,46630,46632,46634],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,46629,99],{"class":98},[47,46631,78],{"class":77},[47,46633,404],{"class":81},[47,46635,85],{"class":77},[47,46637,46638,46640,46642,46644,46646,46648],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,46639,99],{"class":98},[47,46641,78],{"class":77},[47,46643,116],{"class":73},[47,46645,78],{"class":77},[47,46647,104],{"class":81},[47,46649,123],{"class":77},[47,46651,46652,46654,46656,46658,46660,46662],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,46653,99],{"class":98},[47,46655,78],{"class":77},[47,46657,116],{"class":73},[47,46659,78],{"class":77},[47,46661,404],{"class":81},[47,46663,123],{"class":77},[20,46665,129],{},[38,46667,46669],{"className":40,"code":46668,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,46670,46671,46675,46679,46693],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,46672,46673],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,46674,139],{"class":61},[47,46676,46677],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,46678,139],{"class":61},[47,46680,46681,46683,46685,46687,46689,46691],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,46682,144],{"class":57},[47,46684,148],{"class":147},[47,46686,152],{"class":151},[47,46688,156],{"class":155},[47,46690,159],{"class":151},[47,46692,162],{"class":57},[47,46694,46695,46697,46699,46701,46703,46705],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,46696,144],{"class":57},[47,46698,148],{"class":147},[47,46700,152],{"class":151},[47,46702,1050],{"class":155},[47,46704,159],{"class":151},[47,46706,162],{"class":57},[20,46708,46709,46710,46712],{},"The original string stays a string. ",[15,46711,1388],{}," creates a new integer from it.",[33,46714,245],{"id":244},[38,46716,46718],{"className":40,"code":46717,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"int(x)\nint(x, base)\n",[15,46719,46720,46730],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,46721,46722,46724,46726,46728],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,46723,1050],{"class":73},[47,46725,78],{"class":77},[47,46727,2131],{"class":81},[47,46729,85],{"class":77},[47,46731,46732,46734,46736,46738,46740,46743],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,46733,1050],{"class":73},[47,46735,78],{"class":77},[47,46737,2131],{"class":81},[47,46739,668],{"class":77},[47,46741,46742],{"class":81}," base",[47,46744,85],{"class":77},[373,46746,46748],{"id":46747},"intx",[15,46749,46750],{},"int(x)",[20,46752,46753],{},"Use this form when you want to convert a value like:",[185,46755,46756,46761,46766],{},[188,46757,46758,46759],{},"a string such as ",[15,46760,197],{},[188,46762,46763,46764],{},"a float such as ",[15,46765,41918],{},[188,46767,46768,46769],{},"a boolean such as ",[15,46770,212],{},[20,46772,800],{},[38,46774,46776],{"className":40,"code":46775,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(int(\"10\"))\nprint(int(8.7))\nprint(int(True))\n",[15,46777,46778,46796,46811],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,46779,46780,46782,46784,46786,46788,46790,46792,46794],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,46781,99],{"class":98},[47,46783,78],{"class":77},[47,46785,1050],{"class":73},[47,46787,78],{"class":77},[47,46789,309],{"class":151},[47,46791,193],{"class":155},[47,46793,309],{"class":151},[47,46795,123],{"class":77},[47,46797,46798,46800,46802,46804,46806,46809],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,46799,99],{"class":98},[47,46801,78],{"class":77},[47,46803,1050],{"class":73},[47,46805,78],{"class":77},[47,46807,46808],{"class":61},"8.7",[47,46810,123],{"class":77},[47,46812,46813,46815,46817,46819,46821,46823],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,46814,99],{"class":98},[47,46816,78],{"class":77},[47,46818,1050],{"class":73},[47,46820,78],{"class":77},[47,46822,212],{"class":571},[47,46824,123],{"class":77},[20,46826,129],{},[38,46828,46830],{"className":40,"code":46829,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"10\n8\n1\n",[15,46831,46832,46836,46840],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,46833,46834],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,46835,448],{"class":61},[47,46837,46838],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,46839,2330],{"class":61},[47,46841,46842],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,46843,46844],{"class":61},"1\n",[373,46846,46848],{"id":46847},"intx-base",[15,46849,46850],{},"int(x, base)",[20,46852,46853,46854,46856],{},"Use this form when ",[15,46855,2131],{}," is a string that represents a number in another base.",[20,46858,46859],{},"Common bases:",[185,46861,46862,46867,46872],{},[188,46863,46864,46866],{},[15,46865,2016],{}," for binary",[188,46868,46869,46871],{},[15,46870,2295],{}," for octal",[188,46873,46874,46877],{},[15,46875,46876],{},"16"," for hexadecimal",[20,46879,800],{},[38,46881,46883],{"className":40,"code":46882,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\nprint(int(\"17\", 8))\nprint(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,46884,46885,46907,46930],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,46886,46887,46889,46891,46893,46895,46897,46899,46901,46903,46905],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,46888,99],{"class":98},[47,46890,78],{"class":77},[47,46892,1050],{"class":73},[47,46894,78],{"class":77},[47,46896,309],{"class":151},[47,46898,46520],{"class":155},[47,46900,309],{"class":151},[47,46902,668],{"class":77},[47,46904,671],{"class":61},[47,46906,123],{"class":77},[47,46908,46909,46911,46913,46915,46917,46919,46922,46924,46926,46928],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,46910,99],{"class":98},[47,46912,78],{"class":77},[47,46914,1050],{"class":73},[47,46916,78],{"class":77},[47,46918,309],{"class":151},[47,46920,46921],{"class":155},"17",[47,46923,309],{"class":151},[47,46925,668],{"class":77},[47,46927,6295],{"class":61},[47,46929,123],{"class":77},[47,46931,46932,46934,46936,46938,46940,46942,46945,46947,46949,46951],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,46933,99],{"class":98},[47,46935,78],{"class":77},[47,46937,1050],{"class":73},[47,46939,78],{"class":77},[47,46941,309],{"class":151},[47,46943,46944],{"class":155},"1A",[47,46946,309],{"class":151},[47,46948,668],{"class":77},[47,46950,13923],{"class":61},[47,46952,123],{"class":77},[20,46954,129],{},[38,46956,46958],{"className":40,"code":46957,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"5\n15\n26\n",[15,46959,46960,46964,46969],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,46961,46962],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,46963,2889],{"class":61},[47,46965,46966],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,46967,46968],{"class":61},"15\n",[47,46970,46971],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,46972,46973],{"class":61},"26\n",[20,46975,46976,46977,914],{},"If you want to compare integer conversion with decimal conversion, see the ",[360,46978,46979,366],{"href":1392},[15,46980,1395],{},[33,46982,1335,46984,46986],{"id":46983},"using-int-with-strings",[15,46985,1388],{}," with strings",[20,46988,46989,46991],{},[15,46990,1388],{}," works with strings that contain a valid integer.",[20,46993,46994],{},"Examples that work:",[38,46996,46998],{"className":40,"code":46997,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(int(\"5\"))\nprint(int(\"-12\"))\nprint(int(\"  42  \"))\n",[15,46999,47000,47018,47036],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47001,47002,47004,47006,47008,47010,47012,47014,47016],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47003,99],{"class":98},[47,47005,78],{"class":77},[47,47007,1050],{"class":73},[47,47009,78],{"class":77},[47,47011,309],{"class":151},[47,47013,2094],{"class":155},[47,47015,309],{"class":151},[47,47017,123],{"class":77},[47,47019,47020,47022,47024,47026,47028,47030,47032,47034],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,47021,99],{"class":98},[47,47023,78],{"class":77},[47,47025,1050],{"class":73},[47,47027,78],{"class":77},[47,47029,309],{"class":151},[47,47031,2246],{"class":155},[47,47033,309],{"class":151},[47,47035,123],{"class":77},[47,47037,47038,47040,47042,47044,47046,47048,47051,47053],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,47039,99],{"class":98},[47,47041,78],{"class":77},[47,47043,1050],{"class":73},[47,47045,78],{"class":77},[47,47047,309],{"class":151},[47,47049,47050],{"class":155},"  42  ",[47,47052,309],{"class":151},[47,47054,123],{"class":77},[20,47056,129],{},[38,47058,47060],{"className":40,"code":47059,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"5\n-12\n42\n",[15,47061,47062,47066,47072],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47063,47064],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47065,2889],{"class":61},[47,47067,47068,47070],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,47069,1981],{"class":57},[47,47071,2179],{"class":61},[47,47073,47074],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,47075,1025],{"class":61},[20,47077,47078],{},"This works because each string contains valid whole-number text. Leading and trailing spaces are usually allowed.",[20,47080,47081],{},"Examples that fail:",[38,47083,47085],{"className":40,"code":47084,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[15,47086,47087,47092],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47088,47089],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47090,47091],{"class":1378},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n",[47,47093,47094],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,47095,47096],{"class":1378},"# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[20,47098,47099,47100,47102],{},"These raise ",[15,47101,40637],{}," because the strings are not valid integer text.",[373,47104,47106],{"id":47105},"valid-string-examples","Valid string examples",[38,47108,47110],{"className":40,"code":47109,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(int(\"0\"))\nprint(int(\"+7\"))\nprint(int(\"-100\"))\n",[15,47111,47112,47130,47149],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47113,47114,47116,47118,47120,47122,47124,47126,47128],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47115,99],{"class":98},[47,47117,78],{"class":77},[47,47119,1050],{"class":73},[47,47121,78],{"class":77},[47,47123,309],{"class":151},[47,47125,2077],{"class":155},[47,47127,309],{"class":151},[47,47129,123],{"class":77},[47,47131,47132,47134,47136,47138,47140,47142,47145,47147],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,47133,99],{"class":98},[47,47135,78],{"class":77},[47,47137,1050],{"class":73},[47,47139,78],{"class":77},[47,47141,309],{"class":151},[47,47143,47144],{"class":155},"+7",[47,47146,309],{"class":151},[47,47148,123],{"class":77},[47,47150,47151,47153,47155,47157,47159,47161,47164,47166],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,47152,99],{"class":98},[47,47154,78],{"class":77},[47,47156,1050],{"class":73},[47,47158,78],{"class":77},[47,47160,309],{"class":151},[47,47162,47163],{"class":155},"-100",[47,47165,309],{"class":151},[47,47167,123],{"class":77},[20,47169,129],{},[38,47171,47173],{"className":40,"code":47172,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"0\n7\n-100\n",[15,47174,47175,47180,47184],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47176,47177],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47178,47179],{"class":61},"0\n",[47,47181,47182],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,47183,2038],{"class":61},[47,47185,47186,47188],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,47187,1981],{"class":57},[47,47189,47190],{"class":61},"100\n",[373,47192,47194],{"id":47193},"invalid-string-examples","Invalid string examples",[38,47196,47198],{"className":40,"code":47197,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [\"3.14\", \"12abc\", \"\", \"seven\"]\n\nfor value in values:\n    try:\n        print(int(value))\n    except ValueError as error:\n        print(f\"{value!r} -> {error}\")\n",[15,47199,47200,47238,47242,47254,47261,47276,47291],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47201,47202,47204,47206,47208,47210,47212,47214,47216,47218,47221,47223,47225,47227,47229,47231,47234,47236],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47203,3758],{"class":53},[47,47205,58],{"class":57},[47,47207,662],{"class":77},[47,47209,309],{"class":151},[47,47211,203],{"class":155},[47,47213,309],{"class":151},[47,47215,668],{"class":77},[47,47217,303],{"class":151},[47,47219,47220],{"class":155},"12abc",[47,47222,309],{"class":151},[47,47224,668],{"class":77},[47,47226,6061],{"class":151},[47,47228,668],{"class":77},[47,47230,303],{"class":151},[47,47232,47233],{"class":155},"seven",[47,47235,309],{"class":151},[47,47237,679],{"class":77},[47,47239,47240],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,47241,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,47243,47244,47246,47248,47250,47252],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,47245,5892],{"class":3812},[47,47247,21520],{"class":53},[47,47249,3819],{"class":3812},[47,47251,3822],{"class":53},[47,47253,6329],{"class":77},[47,47255,47256,47259],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,47257,47258],{"class":3812},"    try",[47,47260,6329],{"class":77},[47,47262,47263,47266,47268,47270,47272,47274],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,47264,47265],{"class":98},"        print",[47,47267,78],{"class":77},[47,47269,1050],{"class":73},[47,47271,78],{"class":77},[47,47273,585],{"class":81},[47,47275,123],{"class":77},[47,47277,47278,47281,47283,47286,47289],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,47279,47280],{"class":3812},"    except",[47,47282,41860],{"class":73},[47,47284,47285],{"class":3812}," as",[47,47287,47288],{"class":53}," error",[47,47290,6329],{"class":77},[47,47292,47293,47295,47297,47299,47301,47303,47305,47308,47310,47313,47315,47318,47320,47322],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,47294,47265],{"class":98},[47,47296,78],{"class":77},[47,47298,22228],{"class":147},[47,47300,309],{"class":155},[47,47302,9211],{"class":61},[47,47304,585],{"class":81},[47,47306,47307],{"class":147},"!r",[47,47309,22237],{"class":61},[47,47311,47312],{"class":155}," -> ",[47,47314,9211],{"class":61},[47,47316,47317],{"class":81},"error",[47,47319,22237],{"class":61},[47,47321,309],{"class":155},[47,47323,85],{"class":77},[20,47325,129],{},[38,47327,47329],{"className":40,"code":47328,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"'3.14' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n'12abc' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '12abc'\n'' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: ''\n'seven' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'seven'\n",[15,47330,47331,47367,47399,47424],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47332,47333,47335,47337,47339,47342,47345,47347,47349,47351,47354,47357,47359,47361,47363,47365],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47334,159],{"class":43259},[47,47336,203],{"class":43263},[47,47338,159],{"class":43259},[47,47340,47341],{"class":37301}," ->",[47,47343,47344],{"class":53}," invalid literal ",[47,47346,5892],{"class":3812},[47,47348,45207],{"class":73},[47,47350,7298],{"class":77},[47,47352,47353],{"class":3812}," with",[47,47355,47356],{"class":53}," base ",[47,47358,193],{"class":61},[47,47360,2826],{"class":77},[47,47362,152],{"class":151},[47,47364,203],{"class":155},[47,47366,29634],{"class":151},[47,47368,47369,47371,47373,47375,47377,47379,47381,47383,47385,47387,47389,47391,47393,47395,47397],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,47370,159],{"class":151},[47,47372,47220],{"class":155},[47,47374,159],{"class":151},[47,47376,47341],{"class":37301},[47,47378,47344],{"class":53},[47,47380,5892],{"class":3812},[47,47382,45207],{"class":73},[47,47384,7298],{"class":77},[47,47386,47353],{"class":3812},[47,47388,47356],{"class":53},[47,47390,193],{"class":61},[47,47392,2826],{"class":77},[47,47394,152],{"class":151},[47,47396,47220],{"class":155},[47,47398,29634],{"class":151},[47,47400,47401,47403,47405,47407,47409,47411,47413,47415,47417,47419,47421],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,47402,3708],{"class":151},[47,47404,47341],{"class":37301},[47,47406,47344],{"class":53},[47,47408,5892],{"class":3812},[47,47410,45207],{"class":73},[47,47412,7298],{"class":77},[47,47414,47353],{"class":3812},[47,47416,47356],{"class":53},[47,47418,193],{"class":61},[47,47420,2826],{"class":77},[47,47422,47423],{"class":151}," ''\n",[47,47425,47426,47428,47430,47432,47434,47436,47438,47440,47442,47444,47446,47448,47450,47452,47454],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,47427,159],{"class":151},[47,47429,47233],{"class":155},[47,47431,159],{"class":151},[47,47433,47341],{"class":37301},[47,47435,47344],{"class":53},[47,47437,5892],{"class":3812},[47,47439,45207],{"class":73},[47,47441,7298],{"class":77},[47,47443,47353],{"class":3812},[47,47445,47356],{"class":53},[47,47447,193],{"class":61},[47,47449,2826],{"class":77},[47,47451,152],{"class":151},[47,47453,47233],{"class":155},[47,47455,29634],{"class":151},[20,47457,47458,47459,47461,47462,914],{},"If you are working with user input, see ",[360,47460,8913],{"href":8912}," and the ",[360,47463,47464,366],{"href":8151},[15,47465,2900],{},[33,47467,1335,47469,47471],{"id":47468},"using-int-with-floats",[15,47470,1388],{}," with floats",[20,47473,47474,47475,47477],{},"When you pass a float to ",[15,47476,1388],{},", Python removes the decimal part.",[20,47479,47480,47481,13989,47483,47485],{},"Important: ",[15,47482,1388],{},[127,47484,768],{}," round. It truncates toward zero.",[38,47487,47489],{"className":40,"code":47488,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(int(3.9))\nprint(int(3.1))\nprint(int(-3.9))\nprint(int(-3.1))\n",[15,47490,47491,47505,47520,47536],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47492,47493,47495,47497,47499,47501,47503],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47494,99],{"class":98},[47,47496,78],{"class":77},[47,47498,1050],{"class":73},[47,47500,78],{"class":77},[47,47502,41918],{"class":61},[47,47504,123],{"class":77},[47,47506,47507,47509,47511,47513,47515,47518],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,47508,99],{"class":98},[47,47510,78],{"class":77},[47,47512,1050],{"class":73},[47,47514,78],{"class":77},[47,47516,47517],{"class":61},"3.1",[47,47519,123],{"class":77},[47,47521,47522,47524,47526,47528,47530,47532,47534],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,47523,99],{"class":98},[47,47525,78],{"class":77},[47,47527,1050],{"class":73},[47,47529,78],{"class":77},[47,47531,1981],{"class":57},[47,47533,41918],{"class":61},[47,47535,123],{"class":77},[47,47537,47538,47540,47542,47544,47546,47548,47550],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,47539,99],{"class":98},[47,47541,78],{"class":77},[47,47543,1050],{"class":73},[47,47545,78],{"class":77},[47,47547,1981],{"class":57},[47,47549,47517],{"class":61},[47,47551,123],{"class":77},[20,47553,129],{},[38,47555,47557],{"className":40,"code":47556,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"3\n3\n-3\n-3\n",[15,47558,47559,47563,47567,47573],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47560,47561],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47562,46544],{"class":61},[47,47564,47565],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,47566,46544],{"class":61},[47,47568,47569,47571],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,47570,1981],{"class":57},[47,47572,46544],{"class":61},[47,47574,47575,47577],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,47576,1981],{"class":57},[47,47578,46544],{"class":61},[20,47580,47581],{},"This behavior matters with negative numbers.",[185,47583,47584,47591],{},[188,47585,47586,194,47589],{},[15,47587,47588],{},"int(3.9)",[15,47590,2021],{},[188,47592,47593,194,47596],{},[15,47594,47595],{},"int(-3.9)",[15,47597,47598],{},"-3",[20,47600,47601,47602,47606,47607,914],{},"If you want decimal conversion instead, use ",[360,47603,47604],{"href":1392},[15,47605,1395],{},". If you want text conversion, use ",[360,47608,47609],{"href":42107},[15,47610,17],{},[33,47612,1335,47614,47616],{"id":47613},"using-int-with-booleans",[15,47615,1388],{}," with booleans",[20,47618,47619],{},"Booleans can also be converted to integers.",[38,47621,47623],{"className":40,"code":47622,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(int(True))\nprint(int(False))\n",[15,47624,47625,47639],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47626,47627,47629,47631,47633,47635,47637],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47628,99],{"class":98},[47,47630,78],{"class":77},[47,47632,1050],{"class":73},[47,47634,78],{"class":77},[47,47636,212],{"class":571},[47,47638,123],{"class":77},[47,47640,47641,47643,47645,47647,47649,47651],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,47642,99],{"class":98},[47,47644,78],{"class":77},[47,47646,1050],{"class":73},[47,47648,78],{"class":77},[47,47650,3609],{"class":571},[47,47652,123],{"class":77},[20,47654,129],{},[38,47656,47658],{"className":40,"code":47657,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"1\n0\n",[15,47659,47660,47664],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47661,47662],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47663,46844],{"class":61},[47,47665,47666],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,47667,47179],{"class":61},[20,47669,47670],{},"This can be useful in simple counting logic:",[38,47672,47674],{"className":40,"code":47673,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"passed = True\ntotal = int(passed)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,47675,47676,47685,47700,47704],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47677,47678,47681,47683],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47679,47680],{"class":53},"passed ",[47,47682,58],{"class":57},[47,47684,572],{"class":571},[47,47686,47687,47689,47691,47693,47695,47698],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,47688,41116],{"class":53},[47,47690,58],{"class":57},[47,47692,45207],{"class":73},[47,47694,78],{"class":77},[47,47696,47697],{"class":81},"passed",[47,47699,85],{"class":77},[47,47701,47702],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,47703,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,47705,47706,47708,47710,47712],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,47707,99],{"class":98},[47,47709,78],{"class":77},[47,47711,41145],{"class":81},[47,47713,85],{"class":77},[20,47715,129],{},[38,47717,47718],{"className":40,"code":46844,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,47719,47720],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47721,47722],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47723,46844],{"class":61},[20,47725,47726,47727,914],{},"If you want to learn more about boolean values, see the ",[360,47728,47729,366],{"href":5714},[15,47730,3748],{},[33,47732,47734],{"id":47733},"using-the-base-argument","Using the base argument",[20,47736,47737,47738,47741],{},"Use the ",[15,47739,47740],{},"base"," argument when a string represents a number in a different number system.",[373,47743,47745],{"id":47744},"binary-example","Binary example",[38,47747,47749],{"className":40,"code":47748,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,47750,47751],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47752,47753,47755,47757,47759,47761,47763,47765,47767,47769,47771],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47754,99],{"class":98},[47,47756,78],{"class":77},[47,47758,1050],{"class":73},[47,47760,78],{"class":77},[47,47762,309],{"class":151},[47,47764,46520],{"class":155},[47,47766,309],{"class":151},[47,47768,668],{"class":77},[47,47770,671],{"class":61},[47,47772,123],{"class":77},[20,47774,129],{},[38,47776,47777],{"className":40,"code":2889,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,47778,47779],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47780,47781],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47782,2889],{"class":61},[20,47784,47785,47788],{},[15,47786,47787],{},"\"101\""," in binary means:",[185,47790,47791,47796,47801],{},[188,47792,47793],{},[15,47794,47795],{},"1 × 4",[188,47797,47798],{},[15,47799,47800],{},"0 × 2",[188,47802,47803],{},[15,47804,47805],{},"1 × 1",[20,47807,47808,47809,914],{},"So the result is ",[15,47810,2094],{},[373,47812,47814],{"id":47813},"hexadecimal-example","Hexadecimal example",[38,47816,47818],{"className":40,"code":47817,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,47819,47820],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47821,47822,47824,47826,47828,47830,47832,47834,47836,47838,47840],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47823,99],{"class":98},[47,47825,78],{"class":77},[47,47827,1050],{"class":73},[47,47829,78],{"class":77},[47,47831,309],{"class":151},[47,47833,46944],{"class":155},[47,47835,309],{"class":151},[47,47837,668],{"class":77},[47,47839,13923],{"class":61},[47,47841,123],{"class":77},[20,47843,129],{},[38,47845,47846],{"className":40,"code":46973,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,47847,47848],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47849,47850],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47851,46973],{"class":61},[373,47853,47855],{"id":47854},"important-rule","Important rule",[20,47857,1939,47858,47860],{},[15,47859,47740],{}," argument is for string-like input, not normal numeric values.",[20,47862,47863],{},"Good:",[38,47865,47866],{"className":40,"code":47748,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,47867,47868],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47869,47870,47872,47874,47876,47878,47880,47882,47884,47886,47888],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47871,99],{"class":98},[47,47873,78],{"class":77},[47,47875,1050],{"class":73},[47,47877,78],{"class":77},[47,47879,309],{"class":151},[47,47881,46520],{"class":155},[47,47883,309],{"class":151},[47,47885,668],{"class":77},[47,47887,671],{"class":61},[47,47889,123],{"class":77},[20,47891,47892],{},"Not correct:",[38,47894,47896],{"className":40,"code":47895,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# int(101, 2)\n",[15,47897,47898],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47899,47900],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47901,47895],{"class":1378},[20,47903,47904,47905,8532,47907,47909],{},"That causes a ",[15,47906,2947],{},[15,47908,47740],{}," should not be used with a normal integer value.",[33,47911,47913],{"id":47912},"what-errors-can-happen","What errors can happen",[20,47915,47916,47917,47919,47920,4329,47922,914],{},"Two common errors with ",[15,47918,1388],{}," are ",[15,47921,40637],{},[15,47923,2947],{},[373,47925,47926],{"id":41447},[15,47927,40637],{},[20,47929,47930],{},"This happens when a string is not a valid integer.",[20,47932,800],{},[38,47934,47936],{"className":40,"code":47935,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"try:\n    print(int(\"3.14\"))\nexcept ValueError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,47937,47938,47944,47962,47974],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47939,47940,47942],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47941,29738],{"class":3812},[47,47943,6329],{"class":77},[47,47945,47946,47948,47950,47952,47954,47956,47958,47960],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,47947,8000],{"class":98},[47,47949,78],{"class":77},[47,47951,1050],{"class":73},[47,47953,78],{"class":77},[47,47955,309],{"class":151},[47,47957,203],{"class":155},[47,47959,309],{"class":151},[47,47961,123],{"class":77},[47,47963,47964,47966,47968,47970,47972],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,47965,29769],{"class":3812},[47,47967,41860],{"class":73},[47,47969,47285],{"class":3812},[47,47971,47288],{"class":53},[47,47973,6329],{"class":77},[47,47975,47976,47978,47980,47982],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,47977,8000],{"class":98},[47,47979,78],{"class":77},[47,47981,47317],{"class":81},[47,47983,85],{"class":77},[20,47985,129],{},[38,47987,47989],{"className":40,"code":47988,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n",[15,47990,47991],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47992,47993,47996,47998,48000,48002,48004,48006,48008,48010,48012,48014],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47994,47995],{"class":53},"invalid literal ",[47,47997,5892],{"class":3812},[47,47999,45207],{"class":73},[47,48001,7298],{"class":77},[47,48003,47353],{"class":3812},[47,48005,47356],{"class":53},[47,48007,193],{"class":61},[47,48009,2826],{"class":77},[47,48011,152],{"class":151},[47,48013,203],{"class":155},[47,48015,29634],{"class":151},[20,48017,48018,48019,48021,48022,48024],{},"A decimal string like ",[15,48020,206],{}," does not work directly with ",[15,48023,1388],{},". You need to convert it to a float first:",[38,48026,48028],{"className":40,"code":48027,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(int(float(\"3.14\")))\n",[15,48029,48030],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48031,48032,48034,48036,48038,48040,48042,48044,48046,48048,48050],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48033,99],{"class":98},[47,48035,78],{"class":77},[47,48037,1050],{"class":73},[47,48039,78],{"class":77},[47,48041,1755],{"class":73},[47,48043,78],{"class":77},[47,48045,309],{"class":151},[47,48047,203],{"class":155},[47,48049,309],{"class":151},[47,48051,2854],{"class":77},[20,48053,129],{},[38,48055,48056],{"className":40,"code":46544,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,48057,48058],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48059,48060],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48061,46544],{"class":61},[20,48063,48064,48065,4329,48068,914],{},"If you see this often, read ",[360,48066,48067],{"href":2904},"how to convert string to int in Python",[360,48069,1652,48070],{"href":45847},[15,48071,45848],{},[373,48073,48074],{"id":41513},[15,48075,2947],{},[20,48077,48078],{},"This can happen with unsupported input types.",[20,48080,800],{},[38,48082,48084],{"className":40,"code":48083,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"try:\n    print(int(None))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48085,48086,48092,48106,48119],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48087,48088,48090],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48089,29738],{"class":3812},[47,48091,6329],{"class":77},[47,48093,48094,48096,48098,48100,48102,48104],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,48095,8000],{"class":98},[47,48097,78],{"class":77},[47,48099,1050],{"class":73},[47,48101,78],{"class":77},[47,48103,3713],{"class":571},[47,48105,123],{"class":77},[47,48107,48108,48110,48113,48115,48117],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,48109,29769],{"class":3812},[47,48111,48112],{"class":73}," TypeError",[47,48114,47285],{"class":3812},[47,48116,47288],{"class":53},[47,48118,6329],{"class":77},[47,48120,48121,48123,48125,48127],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,48122,8000],{"class":98},[47,48124,78],{"class":77},[47,48126,47317],{"class":81},[47,48128,85],{"class":77},[20,48130,129],{},[38,48132,48134],{"className":40,"code":48133,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"int() argument must be a string, a bytes-like object or a real number, not 'NoneType'\n",[15,48135,48136],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48137,48138,48140,48142,48145,48147,48149,48152,48154,48157,48159,48162,48164,48166,48168,48170,48173],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48139,1050],{"class":73},[47,48141,7298],{"class":77},[47,48143,48144],{"class":53}," argument must be a string",[47,48146,668],{"class":77},[47,48148,44476],{"class":53},[47,48150,48151],{"class":73},"bytes",[47,48153,1981],{"class":57},[47,48155,48156],{"class":53},"like ",[47,48158,262],{"class":73},[47,48160,48161],{"class":57}," or",[47,48163,40773],{"class":53},[47,48165,668],{"class":77},[47,48167,8031],{"class":57},[47,48169,152],{"class":151},[47,48171,48172],{"class":155},"NoneType",[47,48174,29634],{"class":151},[20,48176,48177,48178,48180],{},"Another example is using the ",[15,48179,47740],{}," argument with a non-string numeric value:",[38,48182,48184],{"className":40,"code":48183,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"try:\n    print(int(101, 2))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48185,48186,48192,48210,48222],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48187,48188,48190],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48189,29738],{"class":3812},[47,48191,6329],{"class":77},[47,48193,48194,48196,48198,48200,48202,48204,48206,48208],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,48195,8000],{"class":98},[47,48197,78],{"class":77},[47,48199,1050],{"class":73},[47,48201,78],{"class":77},[47,48203,46520],{"class":61},[47,48205,668],{"class":77},[47,48207,671],{"class":61},[47,48209,123],{"class":77},[47,48211,48212,48214,48216,48218,48220],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,48213,29769],{"class":3812},[47,48215,48112],{"class":73},[47,48217,47285],{"class":3812},[47,48219,47288],{"class":53},[47,48221,6329],{"class":77},[47,48223,48224,48226,48228,48230],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,48225,8000],{"class":98},[47,48227,78],{"class":77},[47,48229,47317],{"class":81},[47,48231,85],{"class":77},[20,48233,129],{},[38,48235,48237],{"className":40,"code":48236,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"int() can't convert non-string with explicit base\n",[15,48238,48239],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48240,48241,48243,48245,48248,48250],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48242,1050],{"class":73},[47,48244,7298],{"class":77},[47,48246,48247],{"class":53}," can",[47,48249,159],{"class":151},[47,48251,48252],{"class":155},"t convert non-string with explicit base\n",[33,48254,773,48256],{"id":48255},"when-to-use-int",[15,48257,1388],{},[20,48259,165,48260,48262],{},[15,48261,1388],{}," when you need a whole number.",[20,48264,48265],{},"Common uses:",[185,48267,48268,48274,48277,48280],{},[188,48269,48270,48271,48273],{},"Convert user input from ",[15,48272,2900],{}," into integers",[188,48275,48276],{},"Turn float results into integers when truncation is acceptable",[188,48278,48279],{},"Parse numeric strings from files or APIs",[188,48281,48282,48283,36549],{},"Convert binary or hexadecimal strings with the ",[15,48284,47740],{},[20,48286,48287],{},"Example with user input:",[38,48289,48291],{"className":40,"code":48290,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"age_text = \"18\"\nage = int(age_text)\n\nprint(age + 1)\n",[15,48292,48293,48307,48322,48326],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48294,48295,48298,48300,48302,48305],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48296,48297],{"class":53},"age_text ",[47,48299,58],{"class":57},[47,48301,303],{"class":151},[47,48303,48304],{"class":155},"18",[47,48306,820],{"class":151},[47,48308,48309,48311,48313,48315,48317,48320],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,48310,54],{"class":53},[47,48312,58],{"class":57},[47,48314,45207],{"class":73},[47,48316,78],{"class":77},[47,48318,48319],{"class":81},"age_text",[47,48321,85],{"class":77},[47,48323,48324],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,48325,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,48327,48328,48330,48332,48334,48336,48338],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,48329,99],{"class":98},[47,48331,78],{"class":77},[47,48333,54],{"class":81},[47,48335,844],{"class":57},[47,48337,5431],{"class":61},[47,48339,85],{"class":77},[20,48341,129],{},[38,48343,48345],{"className":40,"code":48344,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"19\n",[15,48346,48347],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48348,48349],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48350,48344],{"class":61},[33,48352,2775],{"id":2774},[20,48354,14668,48355,914],{},[15,48356,1388],{},[373,48358,48360],{"id":48359},"passing-a-string-with-decimal-text","Passing a string with decimal text",[20,48362,48363],{},"This fails:",[38,48365,48367],{"className":40,"code":48366,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# int(\"4.5\")\n",[15,48368,48369],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48370,48371],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48372,48366],{"class":1378},[20,48374,48375,48376,48379],{},"Why: ",[15,48377,48378],{},"\"4.5\""," is not an integer string.",[20,48381,18776],{},[38,48383,48385],{"className":40,"code":48384,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(int(float(\"4.5\")))\n",[15,48386,48387],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48388,48389,48391,48393,48395,48397,48399,48401,48403,48405,48407],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48390,99],{"class":98},[47,48392,78],{"class":77},[47,48394,1050],{"class":73},[47,48396,78],{"class":77},[47,48398,1755],{"class":73},[47,48400,78],{"class":77},[47,48402,309],{"class":151},[47,48404,41057],{"class":155},[47,48406,309],{"class":151},[47,48408,2854],{"class":77},[373,48410,48412],{"id":48411},"passing-text-with-letters","Passing text with letters",[20,48414,48363],{},[38,48416,48418],{"className":40,"code":48417,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# int(\"12abc\")\n",[15,48419,48420],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48421,48422],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48423,48417],{"class":1378},[20,48425,48426],{},"Why: the string contains non-numeric characters.",[373,48428,48430,48431],{"id":48429},"trying-intnone","Trying ",[15,48432,48433],{},"int(None)",[20,48435,48436,48437,48439],{},"This fails because ",[15,48438,3713],{}," is not a number or numeric string.",[38,48441,48443],{"className":40,"code":48442,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = None\n\ntry:\n    print(int(value))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48444,48445,48454,48458,48464,48478,48490],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48446,48447,48449,48451],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48448,566],{"class":53},[47,48450,58],{"class":57},[47,48452,48453],{"class":571}," None\n",[47,48455,48456],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,48457,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,48459,48460,48462],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,48461,29738],{"class":3812},[47,48463,6329],{"class":77},[47,48465,48466,48468,48470,48472,48474,48476],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,48467,8000],{"class":98},[47,48469,78],{"class":77},[47,48471,1050],{"class":73},[47,48473,78],{"class":77},[47,48475,585],{"class":81},[47,48477,123],{"class":77},[47,48479,48480,48482,48484,48486,48488],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,48481,29769],{"class":3812},[47,48483,48112],{"class":73},[47,48485,47285],{"class":3812},[47,48487,47288],{"class":53},[47,48489,6329],{"class":77},[47,48491,48492,48494,48496,48498],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,48493,8000],{"class":98},[47,48495,78],{"class":77},[47,48497,47317],{"class":81},[47,48499,85],{"class":77},[373,48501,48503],{"id":48502},"using-the-base-argument-with-a-non-string","Using the base argument with a non-string",[20,48505,48363],{},[38,48507,48508],{"className":40,"code":47895,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,48509,48510],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48511,48512],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48513,47895],{"class":1378},[20,48515,48516],{},"Use a string instead:",[38,48518,48519],{"className":40,"code":47748,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,48520,48521],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48522,48523,48525,48527,48529,48531,48533,48535,48537,48539,48541],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48524,99],{"class":98},[47,48526,78],{"class":77},[47,48528,1050],{"class":73},[47,48530,78],{"class":77},[47,48532,309],{"class":151},[47,48534,46520],{"class":155},[47,48536,309],{"class":151},[47,48538,668],{"class":77},[47,48540,671],{"class":61},[47,48542,123],{"class":77},[373,48544,1400,48546,48548],{"id":48545},"expecting-int-to-round",[15,48547,1388],{}," to round",[20,48550,48551],{},"This is a very common misunderstanding.",[38,48553,48555],{"className":40,"code":48554,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(int(4.9))\n",[15,48556,48557],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48558,48559,48561,48563,48565,48567,48570],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48560,99],{"class":98},[47,48562,78],{"class":77},[47,48564,1050],{"class":73},[47,48566,78],{"class":77},[47,48568,48569],{"class":61},"4.9",[47,48571,123],{"class":77},[20,48573,129],{},[38,48575,48577],{"className":40,"code":48576,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"4\n",[15,48578,48579],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48580,48581],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48582,48576],{"class":61},[20,48584,3112,48585,48587,48588,48590],{},[15,48586,2094],{},", remember that ",[15,48589,1388],{}," truncates. It does not round.",[33,48592,1762],{"id":1761},[373,48594,1776,48596,48598],{"id":48595},"does-int-round-numbers",[15,48597,1388],{}," round numbers?",[20,48600,1815,48601,48603],{},[15,48602,1388],{}," removes the decimal part. It does not round to the nearest whole number.",[373,48605,5090,48607,48610],{"id":48606},"why-does-int314-fail",[15,48608,48609],{},"int(\"3.14\")"," fail?",[20,48612,28995,48613,48615,48616,48618,48619,39865],{},[15,48614,206],{}," is not an integer string. Convert it with ",[15,48617,1395],{}," first, then use ",[15,48620,1388],{},[373,48622,1766,48624,12649],{"id":48623},"what-does-inttrue-return",[15,48625,48626],{},"int(True)",[20,48628,5080,48629,28247,48631,194,48633,914],{},[15,48630,665],{},[15,48632,3609],{},[15,48634,2077],{},[373,48636,48638],{"id":48637},"when-should-i-use-the-base-argument","When should I use the base argument?",[20,48640,48641],{},"Use it when the input string is written in another base, such as binary or hexadecimal.",[33,48643,1825],{"id":1824},[185,48645,48646,48652,48658,48664,48669,48673,48679],{},[188,48647,48648],{},[360,48649,48650,1834],{"href":1392},[15,48651,1395],{},[188,48653,48654],{},[360,48655,48656,1834],{"href":42107},[15,48657,17],{},[188,48659,48660],{},[360,48661,48662,1834],{"href":5714},[15,48663,3748],{},[188,48665,48666],{},[360,48667,48668],{"href":2904},"How to convert string to int in Python",[188,48670,48671],{},[360,48672,8990],{"href":8912},[188,48674,48675],{},[360,48676,48677,1834],{"href":8151},[15,48678,2900],{},[188,48680,48681],{},[360,48682,1871,48683],{"href":45847},[15,48684,45848],{},[1875,48686,48687],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":65,"depth":65,"links":48689},[48690,48691,48693,48697,48702,48704,48706,48711,48715,48717,48726,48735],{"id":35,"depth":65,"text":36},{"id":46556,"depth":65,"text":48692},"What int() does",{"id":244,"depth":65,"text":245,"children":48694},[48695,48696],{"id":46747,"depth":88,"text":46750},{"id":46847,"depth":88,"text":46850},{"id":46983,"depth":65,"text":48698,"children":48699},"Using int() with strings",[48700,48701],{"id":47105,"depth":88,"text":47106},{"id":47193,"depth":88,"text":47194},{"id":47468,"depth":65,"text":48703},"Using int() with floats",{"id":47613,"depth":65,"text":48705},"Using int() with booleans",{"id":47733,"depth":65,"text":47734,"children":48707},[48708,48709,48710],{"id":47744,"depth":88,"text":47745},{"id":47813,"depth":88,"text":47814},{"id":47854,"depth":88,"text":47855},{"id":47912,"depth":65,"text":47913,"children":48712},[48713,48714],{"id":41447,"depth":88,"text":40637},{"id":41513,"depth":88,"text":2947},{"id":48255,"depth":65,"text":48716},"When to use int()",{"id":2774,"depth":65,"text":2775,"children":48718},[48719,48720,48721,48723,48724],{"id":48359,"depth":88,"text":48360},{"id":48411,"depth":88,"text":48412},{"id":48429,"depth":88,"text":48722},"Trying int(None)",{"id":48502,"depth":88,"text":48503},{"id":48545,"depth":88,"text":48725},"Expecting int() to round",{"id":1761,"depth":65,"text":1762,"children":48727},[48728,48730,48732,48734],{"id":48595,"depth":88,"text":48729},"Does int() round numbers?",{"id":48606,"depth":88,"text":48731},"Why does int(\"3.14\") fail?",{"id":48623,"depth":88,"text":48733},"What does int(True) return?",{"id":48637,"depth":88,"text":48638},{"id":1824,"depth":65,"text":1825},"Master python int function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained",{"title":42030,"description":48736},"reference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained","kWr352mNCnbYYS6Ka2UotgJ1vPfx2o66tzsvdXJo79A",{"id":48743,"title":48744,"body":48745,"description":50580,"extension":1922,"meta":50581,"navigation":91,"path":44734,"seo":50582,"stem":50583,"__hash__":50584},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained.md","Python isinstance() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":48746,"toc":50536},[48747,48752,48757,48765,48774,48776,48834,48840,48845,48850,48853,48881,48884,48887,48898,48908,48910,48912,48932,48936,48964,48966,49005,49007,49015,49017,49020,49024,49077,49079,49091,49095,49152,49154,49166,49172,49178,49182,49185,49188,49254,49256,49268,49274,49276,49328,49331,49372,49375,49382,49391,49397,49400,49433,49439,49442,49473,49479,49482,49494,49498,49503,49507,49665,49667,49682,49685,49689,49793,49795,49812,49816,49877,49879,49887,49890,49894,49961,49963,49972,49978,49980,49989,49991,50026,50031,50033,50063,50067,50069,50106,50109,50111,50148,50154,50156,50206,50208,50216,50226,50232,50236,50241,50290,50292,50305,50308,50310,50313,50388,50391,50410,50413,50443,50453,50455,50460,50467,50473,50479,50486,50494,50500,50503,50505,50533],[10,48748,13,48750,18],{"id":48749},"python-isinstance-function-explained",[15,48751,44737],{},[20,48753,48754,48756],{},[15,48755,44737],{}," checks whether a value matches a type.",[20,48758,48759,48760,1389,48762,48764],{},"It is a built-in Python function that returns either ",[15,48761,212],{},[15,48763,3609],{},". It is often used before running code that depends on a value being a string, number, list, tuple, or dictionary.",[20,48766,48767,48768,48770,48771,48773],{},"In many cases, ",[15,48769,44737],{}," is a better choice than checking ",[15,48772,365],{}," directly because it also works with parent and child types.",[33,48775,3544],{"id":3543},[38,48777,48779],{"className":40,"code":48778,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 10\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))   # True\nprint(isinstance(value, str))   # False\n",[15,48780,48781,48789,48793,48814],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48782,48783,48785,48787],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48784,566],{"class":53},[47,48786,58],{"class":57},[47,48788,391],{"class":61},[47,48790,48791],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,48792,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,48794,48795,48797,48799,48802,48804,48806,48808,48810,48812],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,48796,99],{"class":98},[47,48798,78],{"class":77},[47,48800,48801],{"class":98},"isinstance",[47,48803,78],{"class":77},[47,48805,585],{"class":81},[47,48807,668],{"class":77},[47,48809,45207],{"class":73},[47,48811,5294],{"class":77},[47,48813,43786],{"class":1378},[47,48815,48816,48818,48820,48822,48824,48826,48828,48830,48832],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,48817,99],{"class":98},[47,48819,78],{"class":77},[47,48821,48801],{"class":98},[47,48823,78],{"class":77},[47,48825,585],{"class":81},[47,48827,668],{"class":77},[47,48829,74],{"class":73},[47,48831,5294],{"class":77},[47,48833,43803],{"class":1378},[20,48835,165,48836,48839],{},[15,48837,48838],{},"isinstance(object, classinfo)"," to check whether a value matches a type or one of its parent types.",[33,48841,172,48843,175],{"id":48842},"what-isinstance-does",[15,48844,44737],{},[20,48846,48847,48849],{},[15,48848,44737],{}," is used to test a value against a type.",[20,48851,48852],{},"It:",[185,48854,48855,48858,48864,48867],{},[188,48856,48857],{},"Checks whether a value is an instance of a type",[188,48859,11358,48860,1389,48862],{},[15,48861,212],{},[15,48863,3609],{},[188,48865,48866],{},"Helps you safely run type-specific code",[188,48868,48869,48870,1752,48872,1752,48874,1752,48876,17008,48879],{},"Is commonly used with ",[15,48871,156],{},[15,48873,1050],{},[15,48875,8025],{},[15,48877,48878],{},"tuple",[15,48880,8753],{},[20,48882,48883],{},"This is useful when your code needs to behave differently for different kinds of data.",[20,48885,48886],{},"For example, you might want to:",[185,48888,48889,48892,48895],{},[188,48890,48891],{},"loop through a list",[188,48893,48894],{},"join text only if a value is a string",[188,48896,48897],{},"do math only if a value is a number",[20,48899,48900,48901,1389,48904,914],{},"If you need a refresher on Python types, see ",[360,48902,44729],{"href":48903},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview\u002F",[360,48905,48907],{"href":48906},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-data-type-in-python\u002F","what a data type means in Python",[33,48909,245],{"id":244},[20,48911,2117],{},[38,48913,48915],{"className":40,"code":48914,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"isinstance(object, classinfo)\n",[15,48916,48917],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48918,48919,48921,48923,48925,48927,48930],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48920,48801],{"class":98},[47,48922,78],{"class":77},[47,48924,262],{"class":73},[47,48926,668],{"class":77},[47,48928,48929],{"class":81}," classinfo",[47,48931,85],{"class":77},[373,48933,48935],{"id":48934},"parts-of-the-syntax","Parts of the syntax",[185,48937,48938,48943,48957],{},[188,48939,48940,48942],{},[15,48941,262],{}," is the value you want to test",[188,48944,48945,48948,48949,1752,48951,1752,48953,2148,48955],{},[15,48946,48947],{},"classinfo"," is the type to check against, such as ",[15,48950,1050],{},[15,48952,156],{},[15,48954,8025],{},[15,48956,8753],{},[188,48958,48959,48960,1389,48962],{},"The result is always a Boolean value: ",[15,48961,212],{},[15,48963,3609],{},[20,48965,800],{},[38,48967,48969],{"className":40,"code":48968,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"Maya\"\n\nprint(isinstance(name, str))\n",[15,48970,48971,48983,48987],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48972,48973,48975,48977,48979,48981],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48974,810],{"class":53},[47,48976,58],{"class":57},[47,48978,303],{"class":151},[47,48980,817],{"class":155},[47,48982,820],{"class":151},[47,48984,48985],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,48986,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,48988,48989,48991,48993,48995,48997,48999,49001,49003],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,48990,99],{"class":98},[47,48992,78],{"class":77},[47,48994,48801],{"class":98},[47,48996,78],{"class":77},[47,48998,7601],{"class":81},[47,49000,668],{"class":77},[47,49002,74],{"class":73},[47,49004,123],{"class":77},[20,49006,129],{},[38,49008,49009],{"className":40,"code":629,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,49010,49011],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,49012,49013],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49014,629],{"class":571},[33,49016,11409],{"id":11408},[20,49018,49019],{},"Here is a small example that checks one value at a time.",[373,49021,49023],{"id":49022},"check-an-integer","Check an integer",[38,49025,49027],{"className":40,"code":49026,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 25\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\n",[15,49028,49029,49037,49041,49059],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,49030,49031,49033,49035],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49032,566],{"class":53},[47,49034,58],{"class":57},[47,49036,62],{"class":61},[47,49038,49039],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,49040,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,49042,49043,49045,49047,49049,49051,49053,49055,49057],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,49044,99],{"class":98},[47,49046,78],{"class":77},[47,49048,48801],{"class":98},[47,49050,78],{"class":77},[47,49052,585],{"class":81},[47,49054,668],{"class":77},[47,49056,45207],{"class":73},[47,49058,123],{"class":77},[47,49060,49061,49063,49065,49067,49069,49071,49073,49075],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,49062,99],{"class":98},[47,49064,78],{"class":77},[47,49066,48801],{"class":98},[47,49068,78],{"class":77},[47,49070,585],{"class":81},[47,49072,668],{"class":77},[47,49074,74],{"class":73},[47,49076,123],{"class":77},[20,49078,129],{},[38,49080,49081],{"className":40,"code":44105,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,49082,49083,49087],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,49084,49085],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49086,629],{"class":571},[47,49088,49089],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,49090,3976],{"class":571},[373,49092,49094],{"id":49093},"check-text","Check text",[38,49096,49098],{"className":40,"code":49097,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(isinstance(text, str))\nprint(isinstance(text, int))\n",[15,49099,49100,49112,49116,49134],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,49101,49102,49104,49106,49108,49110],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49103,68],{"class":53},[47,49105,58],{"class":57},[47,49107,303],{"class":151},[47,49109,3781],{"class":155},[47,49111,820],{"class":151},[47,49113,49114],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,49115,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,49117,49118,49120,49122,49124,49126,49128,49130,49132],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,49119,99],{"class":98},[47,49121,78],{"class":77},[47,49123,48801],{"class":98},[47,49125,78],{"class":77},[47,49127,104],{"class":81},[47,49129,668],{"class":77},[47,49131,74],{"class":73},[47,49133,123],{"class":77},[47,49135,49136,49138,49140,49142,49144,49146,49148,49150],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,49137,99],{"class":98},[47,49139,78],{"class":77},[47,49141,48801],{"class":98},[47,49143,78],{"class":77},[47,49145,104],{"class":81},[47,49147,668],{"class":77},[47,49149,45207],{"class":73},[47,49151,123],{"class":77},[20,49153,129],{},[38,49155,49156],{"className":40,"code":44105,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,49157,49158,49162],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,49159,49160],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49161,629],{"class":571},[47,49163,49164],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,49165,3976],{"class":571},[20,49167,49168,49169,49171],{},"In both examples, ",[15,49170,44737],{}," only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[20,49173,49174,49175,914],{},"If you want to change a value from one type to another, that is conversion, not type checking. For example, see ",[360,49176,49177],{"href":2904},"how to convert a string to an integer in Python",[33,49179,49181],{"id":49180},"checking-against-multiple-types","Checking against multiple types",[20,49183,49184],{},"The second argument can be a tuple of types.",[20,49186,49187],{},"This is helpful when more than one type is acceptable.",[38,49189,49191],{"className":40,"code":49190,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(isinstance(value, (str, list)))\n",[15,49192,49193,49202,49206,49230],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,49194,49195,49197,49199],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49196,566],{"class":53},[47,49198,58],{"class":57},[47,49200,49201],{"class":61}," 3.5\n",[47,49203,49204],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,49205,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,49207,49208,49210,49212,49214,49216,49218,49220,49222,49224,49226,49228],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,49209,99],{"class":98},[47,49211,78],{"class":77},[47,49213,48801],{"class":98},[47,49215,78],{"class":77},[47,49217,585],{"class":81},[47,49219,668],{"class":77},[47,49221,9169],{"class":77},[47,49223,1050],{"class":73},[47,49225,668],{"class":77},[47,49227,40189],{"class":73},[47,49229,2854],{"class":77},[47,49231,49232,49234,49236,49238,49240,49242,49244,49246,49248,49250,49252],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,49233,99],{"class":98},[47,49235,78],{"class":77},[47,49237,48801],{"class":98},[47,49239,78],{"class":77},[47,49241,585],{"class":81},[47,49243,668],{"class":77},[47,49245,9169],{"class":77},[47,49247,156],{"class":73},[47,49249,668],{"class":77},[47,49251,22494],{"class":73},[47,49253,2854],{"class":77},[20,49255,129],{},[38,49257,49258],{"className":40,"code":44105,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,49259,49260,49264],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,49261,49262],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49263,629],{"class":571},[47,49265,49266],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,49267,3976],{"class":571},[20,49269,49270,49271,49273],{},"This is much cleaner than writing long ",[15,49272,40770],{}," conditions.",[20,49275,8229],{},[38,49277,49279],{"className":40,"code":49278,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(type(value) == int or type(value) == float)\n",[15,49280,49281,49289,49293],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,49282,49283,49285,49287],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49284,566],{"class":53},[47,49286,58],{"class":57},[47,49288,49201],{"class":61},[47,49290,49291],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,49292,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,49294,49295,49297,49299,49301,49303,49305,49307,49309,49311,49313,49316,49318,49320,49322,49324,49326],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,49296,99],{"class":98},[47,49298,78],{"class":77},[47,49300,116],{"class":73},[47,49302,78],{"class":77},[47,49304,585],{"class":81},[47,49306,862],{"class":77},[47,49308,6344],{"class":57},[47,49310,45207],{"class":73},[47,49312,48161],{"class":3812},[47,49314,49315],{"class":73}," type",[47,49317,78],{"class":77},[47,49319,585],{"class":81},[47,49321,862],{"class":77},[47,49323,6344],{"class":57},[47,49325,40189],{"class":73},[47,49327,85],{"class":77},[20,49329,49330],{},"you can write this:",[38,49332,49334],{"className":40,"code":49333,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,49335,49336,49344,49348],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,49337,49338,49340,49342],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49339,566],{"class":53},[47,49341,58],{"class":57},[47,49343,49201],{"class":61},[47,49345,49346],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,49347,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,49349,49350,49352,49354,49356,49358,49360,49362,49364,49366,49368,49370],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,49351,99],{"class":98},[47,49353,78],{"class":77},[47,49355,48801],{"class":98},[47,49357,78],{"class":77},[47,49359,585],{"class":81},[47,49361,668],{"class":77},[47,49363,9169],{"class":77},[47,49365,1050],{"class":73},[47,49367,668],{"class":77},[47,49369,40189],{"class":73},[47,49371,2854],{"class":77},[20,49373,49374],{},"A common use case is accepting both integers and decimal numbers as numeric input.",[33,49376,49378,920,49380],{"id":49377},"isinstance-vs-type",[15,49379,44737],{},[15,49381,365],{},[20,49383,10522,49384,4329,49386,49390],{},[15,49385,44737],{},[360,49387,49388],{"href":362},[15,49389,365],{}," are related to types, but they are not the same.",[373,49392,49394],{"id":49393},"typevalue-int",[15,49395,49396],{},"type(value) == int",[20,49398,49399],{},"This checks for one exact type.",[38,49401,49403],{"className":40,"code":49402,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 10\nprint(type(value) == int)\n",[15,49404,49405,49413],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,49406,49407,49409,49411],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49408,566],{"class":53},[47,49410,58],{"class":57},[47,49412,391],{"class":61},[47,49414,49415,49417,49419,49421,49423,49425,49427,49429,49431],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,49416,99],{"class":98},[47,49418,78],{"class":77},[47,49420,116],{"class":73},[47,49422,78],{"class":77},[47,49424,585],{"class":81},[47,49426,862],{"class":77},[47,49428,6344],{"class":57},[47,49430,45207],{"class":73},[47,49432,85],{"class":77},[373,49434,49436],{"id":49435},"isinstancevalue-int",[15,49437,49438],{},"isinstance(value, int)",[20,49440,49441],{},"This checks whether the value matches that type, including inherited types.",[38,49443,49445],{"className":40,"code":49444,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,49446,49447,49455],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,49448,49449,49451,49453],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49450,566],{"class":53},[47,49452,58],{"class":57},[47,49454,391],{"class":61},[47,49456,49457,49459,49461,49463,49465,49467,49469,49471],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,49458,99],{"class":98},[47,49460,78],{"class":77},[47,49462,48801],{"class":98},[47,49464,78],{"class":77},[47,49466,585],{"class":81},[47,49468,668],{"class":77},[47,49470,45207],{"class":73},[47,49472,123],{"class":77},[20,49474,49475,49476,49478],{},"For beginners, ",[15,49477,44737],{}," is usually the safer choice when you want to know whether a value can be treated like a certain type.",[20,49480,49481],{},"In everyday code:",[185,49483,49484,49489],{},[188,49485,39926,49486,49488],{},[15,49487,365],{}," when you need the exact type",[188,49490,39926,49491,49493],{},[15,49492,44737],{}," when you want a practical type check",[33,49495,49497],{"id":49496},"common-real-uses","Common real uses",[20,49499,49500,49501,914],{},"Here are some common beginner-friendly uses for ",[15,49502,44737],{},[373,49504,49506],{"id":49505},"validate-function-inputs","Validate function inputs",[38,49508,49510],{"className":40,"code":49509,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"def repeat_text(text, count):\n    if not isinstance(text, str):\n        return \"text must be a string\"\n    \n    if not isinstance(count, int):\n        return \"count must be an integer\"\n    \n    return text * count\n\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", 3))\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", \"3\"))\n",[15,49511,49512,49530,49549,49561,49566,49584,49595,49599,49611,49615,49639],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,49513,49514,49516,49519,49521,49523,49525,49528],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49515,34784],{"class":147},[47,49517,49518],{"class":34787}," repeat_text",[47,49520,78],{"class":77},[47,49522,104],{"class":37597},[47,49524,668],{"class":77},[47,49526,49527],{"class":37597}," count",[47,49529,8273],{"class":77},[47,49531,49532,49534,49536,49539,49541,49543,49545,49547],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,49533,6334],{"class":3812},[47,49535,8031],{"class":57},[47,49537,49538],{"class":98}," isinstance",[47,49540,78],{"class":77},[47,49542,104],{"class":81},[47,49544,668],{"class":77},[47,49546,74],{"class":73},[47,49548,8273],{"class":77},[47,49550,49551,49554,49556,49559],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,49552,49553],{"class":3812},"        return",[47,49555,303],{"class":151},[47,49557,49558],{"class":155},"text must be a string",[47,49560,820],{"class":151},[47,49562,49563],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,49564,49565],{"class":53},"    \n",[47,49567,49568,49570,49572,49574,49576,49578,49580,49582],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,49569,6334],{"class":3812},[47,49571,8031],{"class":57},[47,49573,49538],{"class":98},[47,49575,78],{"class":77},[47,49577,41193],{"class":81},[47,49579,668],{"class":77},[47,49581,45207],{"class":73},[47,49583,8273],{"class":77},[47,49585,49586,49588,49590,49593],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,49587,49553],{"class":3812},[47,49589,303],{"class":151},[47,49591,49592],{"class":155},"count must be an integer",[47,49594,820],{"class":151},[47,49596,49597],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,49598,49565],{"class":53},[47,49600,49601,49603,49606,49608],{"class":49,"line":1734},[47,49602,34795],{"class":3812},[47,49604,49605],{"class":53}," text ",[47,49607,39808],{"class":57},[47,49609,49610],{"class":53}," count\n",[47,49612,49613],{"class":49,"line":6365},[47,49614,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,49616,49617,49619,49621,49624,49626,49628,49631,49633,49635,49637],{"class":49,"line":6370},[47,49618,99],{"class":98},[47,49620,78],{"class":77},[47,49622,49623],{"class":81},"repeat_text",[47,49625,78],{"class":77},[47,49627,309],{"class":151},[47,49629,49630],{"class":155},"Hi ",[47,49632,309],{"class":151},[47,49634,668],{"class":77},[47,49636,676],{"class":61},[47,49638,123],{"class":77},[47,49640,49641,49643,49645,49647,49649,49651,49653,49655,49657,49659,49661,49663],{"class":49,"line":11528},[47,49642,99],{"class":98},[47,49644,78],{"class":77},[47,49646,49623],{"class":81},[47,49648,78],{"class":77},[47,49650,309],{"class":151},[47,49652,49630],{"class":155},[47,49654,309],{"class":151},[47,49656,668],{"class":77},[47,49658,303],{"class":151},[47,49660,2021],{"class":155},[47,49662,309],{"class":151},[47,49664,123],{"class":77},[20,49666,129],{},[38,49668,49670],{"className":40,"code":49669,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Hi Hi Hi \ncount must be an integer\n",[15,49671,49672,49677],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,49673,49674],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49675,49676],{"class":53},"Hi Hi Hi \n",[47,49678,49679],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,49680,49681],{"class":53},"count must be an integer\n",[20,49683,49684],{},"This can help prevent errors such as unsupported operand type errors.",[373,49686,49688],{"id":49687},"handle-strings-and-lists-differently","Handle strings and lists differently",[38,49690,49692],{"className":40,"code":49691,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    print(\"This is text\")\nelif isinstance(value, list):\n    print(\"This is a list\")\n",[15,49693,49694,49726,49730,49746,49761,49778],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,49695,49696,49698,49700,49702,49704,49706,49708,49710,49712,49714,49716,49718,49720,49722,49724],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49697,566],{"class":53},[47,49699,58],{"class":57},[47,49701,662],{"class":77},[47,49703,309],{"class":151},[47,49705,360],{"class":155},[47,49707,309],{"class":151},[47,49709,668],{"class":77},[47,49711,303],{"class":151},[47,49713,4696],{"class":155},[47,49715,309],{"class":151},[47,49717,668],{"class":77},[47,49719,303],{"class":151},[47,49721,9671],{"class":155},[47,49723,309],{"class":151},[47,49725,679],{"class":77},[47,49727,49728],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,49729,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,49731,49732,49734,49736,49738,49740,49742,49744],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,49733,6930],{"class":3812},[47,49735,49538],{"class":98},[47,49737,78],{"class":77},[47,49739,585],{"class":81},[47,49741,668],{"class":77},[47,49743,74],{"class":73},[47,49745,8273],{"class":77},[47,49747,49748,49750,49752,49754,49757,49759],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,49749,8000],{"class":98},[47,49751,78],{"class":77},[47,49753,309],{"class":151},[47,49755,49756],{"class":155},"This is text",[47,49758,309],{"class":151},[47,49760,85],{"class":77},[47,49762,49763,49766,49768,49770,49772,49774,49776],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,49764,49765],{"class":3812},"elif",[47,49767,49538],{"class":98},[47,49769,78],{"class":77},[47,49771,585],{"class":81},[47,49773,668],{"class":77},[47,49775,22494],{"class":73},[47,49777,8273],{"class":77},[47,49779,49780,49782,49784,49786,49789,49791],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,49781,8000],{"class":98},[47,49783,78],{"class":77},[47,49785,309],{"class":151},[47,49787,49788],{"class":155},"This is a list",[47,49790,309],{"class":151},[47,49792,85],{"class":77},[20,49794,129],{},[38,49796,49798],{"className":40,"code":49797,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"This is a list\n",[15,49799,49800],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,49801,49802,49805,49807,49809],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49803,49804],{"class":53},"This ",[47,49806,353],{"class":57},[47,49808,44476],{"class":53},[47,49810,49811],{"class":73},"list\n",[373,49813,49815],{"id":49814},"check-data-before-converting","Check data before converting",[38,49817,49819],{"className":40,"code":49818,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = \"42\"\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    number = int(value)\n    print(number)\n",[15,49820,49821,49833,49837,49853,49867],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,49822,49823,49825,49827,49829,49831],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49824,566],{"class":53},[47,49826,58],{"class":57},[47,49828,303],{"class":151},[47,49830,46454],{"class":155},[47,49832,820],{"class":151},[47,49834,49835],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,49836,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,49838,49839,49841,49843,49845,49847,49849,49851],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,49840,6930],{"class":3812},[47,49842,49538],{"class":98},[47,49844,78],{"class":77},[47,49846,585],{"class":81},[47,49848,668],{"class":77},[47,49850,74],{"class":73},[47,49852,8273],{"class":77},[47,49854,49855,49857,49859,49861,49863,49865],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,49856,41824],{"class":53},[47,49858,58],{"class":57},[47,49860,45207],{"class":73},[47,49862,78],{"class":77},[47,49864,585],{"class":81},[47,49866,85],{"class":77},[47,49868,49869,49871,49873,49875],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,49870,8000],{"class":98},[47,49872,78],{"class":77},[47,49874,404],{"class":81},[47,49876,85],{"class":77},[20,49878,129],{},[38,49880,49881],{"className":40,"code":1025,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,49882,49883],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,49884,49885],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49886,1025],{"class":61},[20,49888,49889],{},"This is useful when working with user input, since input often starts as text.",[373,49891,49893],{"id":49892},"prevent-errors-before-using-methods-or-loops","Prevent errors before using methods or loops",[38,49895,49897],{"className":40,"code":49896,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nif isinstance(value, dict):\n    print(value[\"name\"])\n",[15,49898,49899,49923,49927,49943],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,49900,49901,49903,49905,49907,49909,49911,49913,49915,49917,49919,49921],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49902,566],{"class":53},[47,49904,58],{"class":57},[47,49906,10423],{"class":77},[47,49908,309],{"class":151},[47,49910,7601],{"class":155},[47,49912,309],{"class":151},[47,49914,2826],{"class":77},[47,49916,303],{"class":151},[47,49918,12814],{"class":155},[47,49920,309],{"class":151},[47,49922,9240],{"class":77},[47,49924,49925],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,49926,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,49928,49929,49931,49933,49935,49937,49939,49941],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,49930,6930],{"class":3812},[47,49932,49538],{"class":98},[47,49934,78],{"class":77},[47,49936,585],{"class":81},[47,49938,668],{"class":77},[47,49940,9103],{"class":73},[47,49942,8273],{"class":77},[47,49944,49945,49947,49949,49951,49953,49955,49957,49959],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,49946,8000],{"class":98},[47,49948,78],{"class":77},[47,49950,585],{"class":81},[47,49952,736],{"class":77},[47,49954,309],{"class":151},[47,49956,7601],{"class":155},[47,49958,309],{"class":151},[47,49960,3825],{"class":77},[20,49962,129],{},[38,49964,49966],{"className":40,"code":49965,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Ana\n",[15,49967,49968],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,49969,49970],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49971,49965],{"class":53},[20,49973,49974,49975,49977],{},"Checking first can help you avoid confusing ",[15,49976,2947],{}," messages later.",[33,49979,1131],{"id":1130},[373,49981,49983,49984,11025,49987],{"id":49982},"passing-int-instead-of-int","Passing ",[15,49985,49986],{},"\"int\"",[15,49988,1050],{},[20,49990,16579],{},[38,49992,49994],{"className":40,"code":49993,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, \"int\"))\n",[15,49995,49996,50004],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,49997,49998,50000,50002],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49999,566],{"class":53},[47,50001,58],{"class":57},[47,50003,391],{"class":61},[47,50005,50006,50008,50010,50012,50014,50016,50018,50020,50022,50024],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,50007,99],{"class":98},[47,50009,78],{"class":77},[47,50011,48801],{"class":98},[47,50013,78],{"class":77},[47,50015,585],{"class":81},[47,50017,668],{"class":77},[47,50019,303],{"class":151},[47,50021,1050],{"class":155},[47,50023,309],{"class":151},[47,50025,123],{"class":77},[20,50027,50028,50030],{},[15,50029,49986],{}," is a string, not a type.",[20,50032,16591],{},[38,50034,50035],{"className":40,"code":49444,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,50036,50037,50045],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,50038,50039,50041,50043],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,50040,566],{"class":53},[47,50042,58],{"class":57},[47,50044,391],{"class":61},[47,50046,50047,50049,50051,50053,50055,50057,50059,50061],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,50048,99],{"class":98},[47,50050,78],{"class":77},[47,50052,48801],{"class":98},[47,50054,78],{"class":77},[47,50056,585],{"class":81},[47,50058,668],{"class":77},[47,50060,45207],{"class":73},[47,50062,123],{"class":77},[373,50064,50066],{"id":50065},"using-square-brackets-for-multiple-types","Using square brackets for multiple types",[20,50068,16579],{},[38,50070,50072],{"className":40,"code":50071,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, [int, float]))\n",[15,50073,50074,50082],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,50075,50076,50078,50080],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,50077,566],{"class":53},[47,50079,58],{"class":57},[47,50081,34775],{"class":61},[47,50083,50084,50086,50088,50090,50092,50094,50096,50098,50100,50102,50104],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,50085,99],{"class":98},[47,50087,78],{"class":77},[47,50089,48801],{"class":98},[47,50091,78],{"class":77},[47,50093,585],{"class":81},[47,50095,668],{"class":77},[47,50097,662],{"class":77},[47,50099,1050],{"class":73},[47,50101,668],{"class":77},[47,50103,40189],{"class":73},[47,50105,2941],{"class":77},[20,50107,50108],{},"The second argument should be a type or a tuple of types.",[20,50110,16591],{},[38,50112,50114],{"className":40,"code":50113,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,50115,50116,50124],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,50117,50118,50120,50122],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,50119,566],{"class":53},[47,50121,58],{"class":57},[47,50123,34775],{"class":61},[47,50125,50126,50128,50130,50132,50134,50136,50138,50140,50142,50144,50146],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,50127,99],{"class":98},[47,50129,78],{"class":77},[47,50131,48801],{"class":98},[47,50133,78],{"class":77},[47,50135,585],{"class":81},[47,50137,668],{"class":77},[47,50139,9169],{"class":77},[47,50141,1050],{"class":73},[47,50143,668],{"class":77},[47,50145,40189],{"class":73},[47,50147,2854],{"class":77},[373,50149,1135,50151,50153],{"id":50150},"thinking-isinstance-converts-a-value",[15,50152,44737],{}," converts a value",[20,50155,18849],{},[38,50157,50159],{"className":40,"code":50158,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = \"123\"\nresult = isinstance(value, int)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,50160,50161,50174,50192,50196],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,50162,50163,50165,50167,50169,50172],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,50164,566],{"class":53},[47,50166,58],{"class":57},[47,50168,303],{"class":151},[47,50170,50171],{"class":155},"123",[47,50173,820],{"class":151},[47,50175,50176,50178,50180,50182,50184,50186,50188,50190],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,50177,2184],{"class":53},[47,50179,58],{"class":57},[47,50181,49538],{"class":98},[47,50183,78],{"class":77},[47,50185,585],{"class":81},[47,50187,668],{"class":77},[47,50189,45207],{"class":73},[47,50191,85],{"class":77},[47,50193,50194],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,50195,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,50197,50198,50200,50202,50204],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,50199,99],{"class":98},[47,50201,78],{"class":77},[47,50203,2218],{"class":81},[47,50205,85],{"class":77},[20,50207,129],{},[38,50209,50210],{"className":40,"code":3976,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,50211,50212],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,50213,50214],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,50215,3976],{"class":571},[20,50217,50218,50219,50222,50223,50225],{},"This does not convert ",[15,50220,50221],{},"\"123\""," into ",[15,50224,50171],{},". It only checks the type.",[20,50227,50228,50229,6565],{},"If your goal is conversion, use ",[15,50230,50231],{},"int(value)",[373,50233,50235],{"id":50234},"assuming-it-changes-the-value","Assuming it changes the value",[20,50237,50238,50240],{},[15,50239,44737],{}," does not modify anything.",[38,50242,50244],{"className":40,"code":50243,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = \"100\"\n\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(value)\n",[15,50245,50246,50258,50262,50280],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,50247,50248,50250,50252,50254,50256],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,50249,566],{"class":53},[47,50251,58],{"class":57},[47,50253,303],{"class":151},[47,50255,13493],{"class":155},[47,50257,820],{"class":151},[47,50259,50260],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,50261,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,50263,50264,50266,50268,50270,50272,50274,50276,50278],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,50265,99],{"class":98},[47,50267,78],{"class":77},[47,50269,48801],{"class":98},[47,50271,78],{"class":77},[47,50273,585],{"class":81},[47,50275,668],{"class":77},[47,50277,74],{"class":73},[47,50279,123],{"class":77},[47,50281,50282,50284,50286,50288],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,50283,99],{"class":98},[47,50285,78],{"class":77},[47,50287,585],{"class":81},[47,50289,85],{"class":77},[20,50291,129],{},[38,50293,50295],{"className":40,"code":50294,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"True\n100\n",[15,50296,50297,50301],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,50298,50299],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,50300,629],{"class":571},[47,50302,50303],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,50304,47190],{"class":61},[20,50306,50307],{},"The value stays the same.",[33,50309,25875],{"id":25874},[20,50311,50312],{},"If you are not sure what kind of value you have, these checks are useful:",[38,50314,50316],{"className":40,"code":50315,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,50317,50318,50332,50350,50374],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,50319,50320,50322,50324,50326,50328,50330],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,50321,99],{"class":98},[47,50323,78],{"class":77},[47,50325,116],{"class":73},[47,50327,78],{"class":77},[47,50329,585],{"class":81},[47,50331,123],{"class":77},[47,50333,50334,50336,50338,50340,50342,50344,50346,50348],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,50335,99],{"class":98},[47,50337,78],{"class":77},[47,50339,48801],{"class":98},[47,50341,78],{"class":77},[47,50343,585],{"class":81},[47,50345,668],{"class":77},[47,50347,45207],{"class":73},[47,50349,123],{"class":77},[47,50351,50352,50354,50356,50358,50360,50362,50364,50366,50368,50370,50372],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,50353,99],{"class":98},[47,50355,78],{"class":77},[47,50357,48801],{"class":98},[47,50359,78],{"class":77},[47,50361,585],{"class":81},[47,50363,668],{"class":77},[47,50365,9169],{"class":77},[47,50367,1050],{"class":73},[47,50369,668],{"class":77},[47,50371,40189],{"class":73},[47,50373,2854],{"class":77},[47,50375,50376,50378,50380,50382,50384,50386],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,50377,99],{"class":98},[47,50379,78],{"class":77},[47,50381,41713],{"class":98},[47,50383,78],{"class":77},[47,50385,585],{"class":81},[47,50387,123],{"class":77},[20,50389,50390],{},"These can help when:",[185,50392,50393,50396,50401,50404],{},[188,50394,50395],{},"a value looks like a number but is actually a string",[188,50397,50398,50399],{},"you are getting a ",[15,50400,2947],{},[188,50402,50403],{},"your condition is not behaving as expected",[188,50405,50406,50407,50409],{},"the second argument to ",[15,50408,44737],{}," is invalid",[20,50411,50412],{},"Common causes of mistakes include:",[185,50414,50415,50429,50435,50440],{},[188,50416,50417,50418,1389,50421,50424,50425,1389,50427],{},"using ",[15,50419,50420],{},"'int'",[15,50422,50423],{},"'str'"," as text instead of ",[15,50426,1050],{},[15,50428,156],{},[188,50430,50431,50432,50434],{},"expecting ",[15,50433,44737],{}," to convert a value",[188,50436,50417,50437,50439],{},[15,50438,365],{}," when inherited types should also match",[188,50441,50442],{},"passing an invalid second argument",[20,50444,50445,50446,914],{},"If you get an error because Python expected a number but found text, see ",[360,50447,50449,50450],{"href":50448},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-str-object-cannot-be-interpreted-as-an-integer-fix\u002F","TypeError: ",[15,50451,50452],{},"'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer",[33,50454,1762],{"id":1761},[373,50456,1766,50458,1769],{"id":50457},"what-does-isinstance-return-in-python",[15,50459,44737],{},[20,50461,5080,50462,50464,50465,914],{},[15,50463,212],{}," if the value matches the given type, otherwise ",[15,50466,3609],{},[373,50468,1786,50470,50472],{"id":50469},"can-isinstance-check-more-than-one-type",[15,50471,44737],{}," check more than one type?",[20,50474,50475,50476,914],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of types, such as ",[15,50477,50478],{},"isinstance(x, (int, float))",[373,50480,5111,50482,4329,50484,1812],{"id":50481},"what-is-the-difference-between-isinstance-and-type",[15,50483,44737],{},[15,50485,365],{},[20,50487,50488,50490,50491,50493],{},[15,50489,365],{}," gives the exact type. ",[15,50492,44737],{}," checks whether a value matches a type and also supports inheritance.",[373,50495,1776,50497,50499],{"id":50496},"does-isinstance-convert-a-value",[15,50498,44737],{}," convert a value?",[20,50501,50502],{},"No. It only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[33,50504,1825],{"id":1824},[185,50506,50507,50513,50517,50522,50527],{},[188,50508,50509],{},[360,50510,13,50511,1834],{"href":362},[15,50512,365],{},[188,50514,50515],{},[360,50516,44729],{"href":48903},[188,50518,50519],{},[360,50520,50521],{"href":2904},"How to convert a string to an integer in Python",[188,50523,50524],{},[360,50525,50526],{"href":48906},"What is a data type in Python?",[188,50528,50529],{},[360,50530,50449,50531],{"href":50448},[15,50532,50452],{},[1875,50534,50535],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki 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.sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":65,"depth":65,"links":50537},[50538,50539,50541,50544,50548,50549,50554,50560,50568,50569,50579],{"id":3543,"depth":65,"text":3544},{"id":48842,"depth":65,"text":50540},"What isinstance() does",{"id":244,"depth":65,"text":245,"children":50542},[50543],{"id":48934,"depth":88,"text":48935},{"id":11408,"depth":65,"text":11409,"children":50545},[50546,50547],{"id":49022,"depth":88,"text":49023},{"id":49093,"depth":88,"text":49094},{"id":49180,"depth":65,"text":49181},{"id":49377,"depth":65,"text":50550,"children":50551},"isinstance() vs type()",[50552,50553],{"id":49393,"depth":88,"text":49396},{"id":49435,"depth":88,"text":49438},{"id":49496,"depth":65,"text":49497,"children":50555},[50556,50557,50558,50559],{"id":49505,"depth":88,"text":49506},{"id":49687,"depth":88,"text":49688},{"id":49814,"depth":88,"text":49815},{"id":49892,"depth":88,"text":49893},{"id":1130,"depth":65,"text":1131,"children":50561},[50562,50564,50565,50567],{"id":49982,"depth":88,"text":50563},"Passing \"int\" instead of int",{"id":50065,"depth":88,"text":50066},{"id":50150,"depth":88,"text":50566},"Thinking isinstance() converts a value",{"id":50234,"depth":88,"text":50235},{"id":25874,"depth":65,"text":25875},{"id":1761,"depth":65,"text":1762,"children":50570},[50571,50573,50575,50577],{"id":50457,"depth":88,"text":50572},"What does isinstance() return in Python?",{"id":50469,"depth":88,"text":50574},"Can isinstance() check more than one type?",{"id":50481,"depth":88,"text":50576},"What is the difference between isinstance() and type()?",{"id":50496,"depth":88,"text":50578},"Does isinstance() convert a value?",{"id":1824,"depth":65,"text":1825},"Master python isinstance function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":48744,"description":50580},"reference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained","iF3_lagEov6vfWHAzwGq_MdJMAghMPTpi88oMC-pOfw",{"id":50586,"title":50587,"body":50588,"description":52561,"extension":1922,"meta":52562,"navigation":91,"path":52563,"seo":52564,"stem":52565,"__hash__":52566},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained.md","Python len() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":50589,"toc":52536},[50590,50593,50598,50603,50617,50620,50622,50697,50702,50706,50711,50714,50728,50730,50896,50909,50911,50913,50928,50931,50934,50947,50949,51047,51051,51057,51060,51069,51071,51106,51111,51132,51137,51142,51174,51177,51234,51238,51244,51247,51300,51302,51342,51345,51413,51416,51467,51474,51478,51484,51569,51575,51581,51630,51633,51636,51686,51688,51693,51697,51747,51751,51798,51802,51879,51883,51948,51951,51955,51960,51965,51977,51979,51998,52004,52007,52026,52031,52058,52065,52069,52075,52078,52173,52176,52179,52228,52233,52235,52239,52274,52277,52334,52344,52347,52381,52384,52386,52390,52393,52397,52400,52404,52407,52411,52424,52428,52433,52435,52485,52497,52499,52533],[10,50591,50587],{"id":50592},"python-len-function-explained",[20,50594,9055,50595,50597],{},[15,50596,42292],{}," function returns the size of an object.",[20,50599,35339,50600,50602],{},[15,50601,42292],{}," to count:",[185,50604,50605,50608,50611,50614],{},[188,50606,50607],{},"characters in a string",[188,50609,50610],{},"items in a list or tuple",[188,50612,50613],{},"keys in a dictionary",[188,50615,50616],{},"unique items in a set",[20,50618,50619],{},"It is a simple but very useful function. You will use it often when checking if something is empty, validating input, or counting stored values safely.",[33,50621,36],{"id":35},[38,50623,50625],{"className":40,"code":50624,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\nitems = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(len(text))   # 5\nprint(len(items))  # 3\n",[15,50626,50627,50639,50659,50663,50680],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,50628,50629,50631,50633,50635,50637],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,50630,68],{"class":53},[47,50632,58],{"class":57},[47,50634,303],{"class":151},[47,50636,3781],{"class":155},[47,50638,820],{"class":151},[47,50640,50641,50643,50645,50647,50649,50651,50653,50655,50657],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,50642,657],{"class":53},[47,50644,58],{"class":57},[47,50646,662],{"class":77},[47,50648,193],{"class":61},[47,50650,668],{"class":77},[47,50652,7722],{"class":61},[47,50654,668],{"class":77},[47,50656,7727],{"class":61},[47,50658,679],{"class":77},[47,50660,50661],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,50662,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,50664,50665,50667,50669,50671,50673,50675,50677],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,50666,99],{"class":98},[47,50668,78],{"class":77},[47,50670,11095],{"class":98},[47,50672,78],{"class":77},[47,50674,104],{"class":81},[47,50676,5294],{"class":77},[47,50678,50679],{"class":1378},"   # 5\n",[47,50681,50682,50684,50686,50688,50690,50692,50694],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,50683,99],{"class":98},[47,50685,78],{"class":77},[47,50687,11095],{"class":98},[47,50689,78],{"class":77},[47,50691,692],{"class":81},[47,50693,5294],{"class":77},[47,50695,50696],{"class":1378},"  # 3\n",[20,50698,165,50699,50701],{},[15,50700,42292],{}," to get the number of characters in a string or the number of items in a container like a list, tuple, set, or dictionary.",[33,50703,50705],{"id":50704},"what-len-does","What len() does",[20,50707,50708,50710],{},[15,50709,42292],{}," returns the size of an object.",[20,50712,50713],{},"Here is what that means for common Python types:",[185,50715,50716,50719,50722,50725],{},[188,50717,50718],{},"For strings, it counts characters",[188,50720,50721],{},"For lists, tuples, and sets, it counts items",[188,50723,50724],{},"For dictionaries, it counts keys",[188,50726,50727],{},"It always returns an integer",[20,50729,800],{},[38,50731,50733],{"className":40,"code":50732,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"Sam\"\nnumbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\ndata = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nvalues = {5, 6, 7}\n\nprint(len(name))     # 3\nprint(len(numbers))  # 4\nprint(len(data))     # 2\nprint(len(values))   # 3\n",[15,50734,50735,50747,50772,50804,50824,50828,50845,50862,50879],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,50736,50737,50739,50741,50743,50745],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,50738,810],{"class":53},[47,50740,58],{"class":57},[47,50742,303],{"class":151},[47,50744,7610],{"class":155},[47,50746,820],{"class":151},[47,50748,50749,50751,50753,50755,50757,50759,50761,50763,50765,50767,50770],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,50750,3554],{"class":53},[47,50752,58],{"class":57},[47,50754,662],{"class":77},[47,50756,193],{"class":61},[47,50758,668],{"class":77},[47,50760,7722],{"class":61},[47,50762,668],{"class":77},[47,50764,7727],{"class":61},[47,50766,668],{"class":77},[47,50768,50769],{"class":61}," 40",[47,50771,679],{"class":77},[47,50773,50774,50776,50778,50780,50782,50784,50786,50788,50790,50792,50794,50796,50798,50800,50802],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,50775,9098],{"class":53},[47,50777,58],{"class":57},[47,50779,10423],{"class":77},[47,50781,309],{"class":151},[47,50783,360],{"class":155},[47,50785,309],{"class":151},[47,50787,2826],{"class":77},[47,50789,5431],{"class":61},[47,50791,668],{"class":77},[47,50793,303],{"class":151},[47,50795,4696],{"class":155},[47,50797,309],{"class":151},[47,50799,2826],{"class":77},[47,50801,671],{"class":61},[47,50803,9240],{"class":77},[47,50805,50806,50808,50810,50812,50814,50816,50818,50820,50822],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,50807,3758],{"class":53},[47,50809,58],{"class":57},[47,50811,10423],{"class":77},[47,50813,2094],{"class":61},[47,50815,668],{"class":77},[47,50817,37578],{"class":61},[47,50819,668],{"class":77},[47,50821,5928],{"class":61},[47,50823,9240],{"class":77},[47,50825,50826],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,50827,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,50829,50830,50832,50834,50836,50838,50840,50842],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,50831,99],{"class":98},[47,50833,78],{"class":77},[47,50835,11095],{"class":98},[47,50837,78],{"class":77},[47,50839,7601],{"class":81},[47,50841,5294],{"class":77},[47,50843,50844],{"class":1378},"     # 3\n",[47,50846,50847,50849,50851,50853,50855,50857,50859],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,50848,99],{"class":98},[47,50850,78],{"class":77},[47,50852,11095],{"class":98},[47,50854,78],{"class":77},[47,50856,3584],{"class":81},[47,50858,5294],{"class":77},[47,50860,50861],{"class":1378},"  # 4\n",[47,50863,50864,50866,50868,50870,50872,50874,50876],{"class":49,"line":1734},[47,50865,99],{"class":98},[47,50867,78],{"class":77},[47,50869,11095],{"class":98},[47,50871,78],{"class":77},[47,50873,9137],{"class":81},[47,50875,5294],{"class":77},[47,50877,50878],{"class":1378},"     # 2\n",[47,50880,50881,50883,50885,50887,50889,50891,50893],{"class":49,"line":6365},[47,50882,99],{"class":98},[47,50884,78],{"class":77},[47,50886,11095],{"class":98},[47,50888,78],{"class":77},[47,50890,5291],{"class":81},[47,50892,5294],{"class":77},[47,50894,50895],{"class":1378},"   # 3\n",[20,50897,50898,50899,1752,50903,17008,50907,914],{},"If you are still learning these data types, see ",[360,50900,50902],{"href":50901},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-strings-explained-basics-and-examples\u002F","Python strings explained",[360,50904,50906],{"href":50905},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide\u002F","Python lists explained",[360,50908,9088],{"href":9087},[33,50910,245],{"id":244},[20,50912,2117],{},[38,50914,50916],{"className":40,"code":50915,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"len(object)\n",[15,50917,50918],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,50919,50920,50922,50924,50926],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,50921,11095],{"class":98},[47,50923,78],{"class":77},[47,50925,262],{"class":73},[47,50927,85],{"class":77},[20,50929,50930],{},"You pass one object inside the parentheses.",[20,50932,50933],{},"That object must be something that has a length, such as:",[185,50935,50936,50938,50940,50942,50944],{},[188,50937,37842],{},[188,50939,37836],{},[188,50941,37839],{},[188,50943,37845],{},[188,50945,50946],{},"a dictionary",[20,50948,800],{},[38,50950,50952],{"className":40,"code":50951,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(len(\"python\"))      # 6\nprint(len([1, 2, 3]))     # 3\nprint(len((10, 20)))      # 2\nprint(len({\"x\": 1}))      # 1\n",[15,50953,50954,50975,50999,51021],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,50955,50956,50958,50960,50962,50964,50966,50968,50970,50972],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,50957,99],{"class":98},[47,50959,78],{"class":77},[47,50961,11095],{"class":98},[47,50963,78],{"class":77},[47,50965,309],{"class":151},[47,50967,42],{"class":155},[47,50969,309],{"class":151},[47,50971,5294],{"class":77},[47,50973,50974],{"class":1378},"      # 6\n",[47,50976,50977,50979,50981,50983,50985,50987,50989,50991,50993,50995,50997],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,50978,99],{"class":98},[47,50980,78],{"class":77},[47,50982,11095],{"class":98},[47,50984,2928],{"class":77},[47,50986,665],{"class":61},[47,50988,668],{"class":77},[47,50990,671],{"class":61},[47,50992,668],{"class":77},[47,50994,676],{"class":61},[47,50996,4670],{"class":77},[47,50998,50844],{"class":1378},[47,51000,51001,51003,51005,51007,51009,51011,51013,51015,51018],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,51002,99],{"class":98},[47,51004,78],{"class":77},[47,51006,11095],{"class":98},[47,51008,5444],{"class":77},[47,51010,193],{"class":61},[47,51012,668],{"class":77},[47,51014,7722],{"class":61},[47,51016,51017],{"class":77},")))",[47,51019,51020],{"class":1378},"      # 2\n",[47,51022,51023,51025,51027,51029,51031,51033,51035,51037,51039,51041,51044],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,51024,99],{"class":98},[47,51026,78],{"class":77},[47,51028,11095],{"class":98},[47,51030,5463],{"class":77},[47,51032,309],{"class":151},[47,51034,2131],{"class":155},[47,51036,309],{"class":151},[47,51038,2826],{"class":77},[47,51040,5431],{"class":61},[47,51042,51043],{"class":77},"}))",[47,51045,51046],{"class":1378},"      # 1\n",[33,51048,51050],{"id":51049},"using-len-with-strings","Using len() with strings",[20,51052,51053,51054,51056],{},"When you use ",[15,51055,42292],{}," on a string, Python counts every character.",[20,51058,51059],{},"That includes:",[185,51061,51062,51064,51066],{},[188,51063,36077],{},[188,51065,10384],{},[188,51067,51068],{},"punctuation",[20,51070,800],{},[38,51072,51074],{"className":40,"code":51073,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Hi there!\"\nprint(len(text))  # 9\n",[15,51075,51076,51089],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,51077,51078,51080,51082,51084,51087],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,51079,68],{"class":53},[47,51081,58],{"class":57},[47,51083,303],{"class":151},[47,51085,51086],{"class":155},"Hi there!",[47,51088,820],{"class":151},[47,51090,51091,51093,51095,51097,51099,51101,51103],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,51092,99],{"class":98},[47,51094,78],{"class":77},[47,51096,11095],{"class":98},[47,51098,78],{"class":77},[47,51100,104],{"class":81},[47,51102,5294],{"class":77},[47,51104,51105],{"class":1378},"  # 9\n",[20,51107,51108,51109,1812],{},"Why is the result ",[15,51110,2102],{},[185,51112,51113,51119,51123,51126],{},[188,51114,51115,51118],{},[15,51116,51117],{},"H"," = 1",[188,51120,51121,51118],{},[15,51122,36088],{},[188,51124,51125],{},"space = 1",[188,51127,51128,51131],{},[15,51129,51130],{},"t h e r e !"," = 6",[20,51133,51134,51135],{},"Total: ",[15,51136,2102],{},[20,51138,51139,51140,2826],{},"An empty string has length ",[15,51141,2077],{},[38,51143,51145],{"className":40,"code":51144,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"empty_text = \"\"\nprint(len(empty_text))  # 0\n",[15,51146,51147,51156],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,51148,51149,51152,51154],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,51150,51151],{"class":53},"empty_text ",[47,51153,58],{"class":57},[47,51155,7812],{"class":151},[47,51157,51158,51160,51162,51164,51166,51169,51171],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,51159,99],{"class":98},[47,51161,78],{"class":77},[47,51163,11095],{"class":98},[47,51165,78],{"class":77},[47,51167,51168],{"class":81},"empty_text",[47,51170,5294],{"class":77},[47,51172,51173],{"class":1378},"  # 0\n",[20,51175,51176],{},"This matters when checking user input:",[38,51178,51180],{"className":40,"code":51179,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"user_name = \"Alice\"\n\nif len(user_name) >= 3:\n    print(\"Name is long enough\")\n",[15,51181,51182,51195,51199,51219],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,51183,51184,51187,51189,51191,51193],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,51185,51186],{"class":53},"user_name ",[47,51188,58],{"class":57},[47,51190,303],{"class":151},[47,51192,4938],{"class":155},[47,51194,820],{"class":151},[47,51196,51197],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,51198,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,51200,51201,51203,51205,51207,51210,51212,51215,51217],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,51202,6930],{"class":3812},[47,51204,38321],{"class":98},[47,51206,78],{"class":77},[47,51208,51209],{"class":81},"user_name",[47,51211,862],{"class":77},[47,51213,51214],{"class":57}," >=",[47,51216,676],{"class":61},[47,51218,6329],{"class":77},[47,51220,51221,51223,51225,51227,51230,51232],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,51222,8000],{"class":98},[47,51224,78],{"class":77},[47,51226,309],{"class":151},[47,51228,51229],{"class":155},"Name is long enough",[47,51231,309],{"class":151},[47,51233,85],{"class":77},[33,51235,51237],{"id":51236},"using-len-with-lists-and-tuples","Using len() with lists and tuples",[20,51239,51240,51241,51243],{},"For lists and tuples, ",[15,51242,42292],{}," counts how many elements are stored.",[20,51245,51246],{},"Example with a list:",[38,51248,51250],{"className":40,"code":51249,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))  # 3\n",[15,51251,51252,51284],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,51253,51254,51256,51258,51260,51262,51264,51266,51268,51270,51272,51274,51276,51278,51280,51282],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,51255,13010],{"class":53},[47,51257,58],{"class":57},[47,51259,662],{"class":77},[47,51261,309],{"class":151},[47,51263,13027],{"class":155},[47,51265,309],{"class":151},[47,51267,668],{"class":77},[47,51269,303],{"class":151},[47,51271,17390],{"class":155},[47,51273,309],{"class":151},[47,51275,668],{"class":77},[47,51277,303],{"class":151},[47,51279,13044],{"class":155},[47,51281,309],{"class":151},[47,51283,679],{"class":77},[47,51285,51286,51288,51290,51292,51294,51296,51298],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,51287,99],{"class":98},[47,51289,78],{"class":77},[47,51291,11095],{"class":98},[47,51293,78],{"class":77},[47,51295,17437],{"class":81},[47,51297,5294],{"class":77},[47,51299,50696],{"class":1378},[20,51301,37851],{},[38,51303,51305],{"className":40,"code":51304,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"point = (10, 20)\nprint(len(point))  # 2\n",[15,51306,51307,51324],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,51308,51309,51312,51314,51316,51318,51320,51322],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,51310,51311],{"class":53},"point ",[47,51313,58],{"class":57},[47,51315,9169],{"class":77},[47,51317,193],{"class":61},[47,51319,668],{"class":77},[47,51321,7722],{"class":61},[47,51323,85],{"class":77},[47,51325,51326,51328,51330,51332,51334,51337,51339],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,51327,99],{"class":98},[47,51329,78],{"class":77},[47,51331,11095],{"class":98},[47,51333,78],{"class":77},[47,51335,51336],{"class":81},"point",[47,51338,5294],{"class":77},[47,51340,51341],{"class":1378},"  # 2\n",[20,51343,51344],{},"This is useful before indexing so you do not try to access an item that is not there:",[38,51346,51348],{"className":40,"code":51347,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\n\nif len(items) > 1:\n    print(items[1])  # banana\n",[15,51349,51350,51374,51378,51396],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,51351,51352,51354,51356,51358,51360,51362,51364,51366,51368,51370,51372],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,51353,657],{"class":53},[47,51355,58],{"class":57},[47,51357,662],{"class":77},[47,51359,309],{"class":151},[47,51361,1425],{"class":155},[47,51363,309],{"class":151},[47,51365,668],{"class":77},[47,51367,303],{"class":151},[47,51369,1434],{"class":155},[47,51371,309],{"class":151},[47,51373,679],{"class":77},[47,51375,51376],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,51377,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,51379,51380,51382,51384,51386,51388,51390,51392,51394],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,51381,6930],{"class":3812},[47,51383,38321],{"class":98},[47,51385,78],{"class":77},[47,51387,692],{"class":81},[47,51389,862],{"class":77},[47,51391,38331],{"class":57},[47,51393,5431],{"class":61},[47,51395,6329],{"class":77},[47,51397,51398,51400,51402,51404,51406,51408,51410],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,51399,8000],{"class":98},[47,51401,78],{"class":77},[47,51403,692],{"class":81},[47,51405,736],{"class":77},[47,51407,665],{"class":61},[47,51409,20382],{"class":77},[47,51411,51412],{"class":1378},"  # banana\n",[20,51414,51415],{},"It is also common in loops and checks:",[38,51417,51419],{"className":40,"code":51418,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"scores = [88, 91, 75]\nprint(\"Number of scores:\", len(scores))\n",[15,51420,51421,51444],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,51422,51423,51425,51427,51429,51432,51434,51437,51439,51442],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,51424,4998],{"class":53},[47,51426,58],{"class":57},[47,51428,662],{"class":77},[47,51430,51431],{"class":61},"88",[47,51433,668],{"class":77},[47,51435,51436],{"class":61}," 91",[47,51438,668],{"class":77},[47,51440,51441],{"class":61}," 75",[47,51443,679],{"class":77},[47,51445,51446,51448,51450,51452,51455,51457,51459,51461,51463,51465],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,51447,99],{"class":98},[47,51449,78],{"class":77},[47,51451,309],{"class":151},[47,51453,51454],{"class":155},"Number of scores:",[47,51456,309],{"class":151},[47,51458,668],{"class":77},[47,51460,38321],{"class":98},[47,51462,78],{"class":77},[47,51464,16324],{"class":81},[47,51466,123],{"class":77},[20,51468,51469,51470,914],{},"If you want a task-focused example, see ",[360,51471,51473],{"href":51472},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to get the length of a list in Python",[33,51475,51477],{"id":51476},"using-len-with-dictionaries-and-sets","Using len() with dictionaries and sets",[20,51479,51480,51481,51483],{},"For dictionaries, ",[15,51482,42292],{}," counts keys.",[38,51485,51487],{"className":40,"code":51486,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Mia\",\n    \"age\": 12,\n    \"grade\": \"A\"\n}\n\nprint(len(student))  # 3\n",[15,51488,51489,51497,51515,51529,51545,51549,51553],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,51490,51491,51493,51495],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,51492,12797],{"class":53},[47,51494,58],{"class":57},[47,51496,11427],{"class":77},[47,51498,51499,51501,51503,51505,51507,51509,51511,51513],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,51500,11432],{"class":151},[47,51502,7601],{"class":155},[47,51504,309],{"class":151},[47,51506,2826],{"class":77},[47,51508,303],{"class":151},[47,51510,7852],{"class":155},[47,51512,309],{"class":151},[47,51514,11447],{"class":77},[47,51516,51517,51519,51521,51523,51525,51527],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,51518,11432],{"class":151},[47,51520,82],{"class":155},[47,51522,309],{"class":151},[47,51524,2826],{"class":77},[47,51526,30877],{"class":61},[47,51528,11447],{"class":77},[47,51530,51531,51533,51535,51537,51539,51541,51543],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,51532,11432],{"class":151},[47,51534,19827],{"class":155},[47,51536,309],{"class":151},[47,51538,2826],{"class":77},[47,51540,303],{"class":151},[47,51542,22179],{"class":155},[47,51544,820],{"class":151},[47,51546,51547],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,51548,9240],{"class":77},[47,51550,51551],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,51552,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,51554,51555,51557,51559,51561,51563,51565,51567],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,51556,99],{"class":98},[47,51558,78],{"class":77},[47,51560,11095],{"class":98},[47,51562,78],{"class":77},[47,51564,13561],{"class":81},[47,51566,5294],{"class":77},[47,51568,50696],{"class":1378},[20,51570,51571,51572,51574],{},"Even though the dictionary has keys and values, ",[15,51573,42292],{}," returns the number of keys.",[20,51576,51577,51578,51580],{},"For sets, ",[15,51579,42292],{}," counts unique items:",[38,51582,51584],{"className":40,"code":51583,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 3, 2}\nprint(len(numbers))  # 3\n",[15,51585,51586,51614],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,51587,51588,51590,51592,51594,51596,51598,51600,51602,51604,51606,51608,51610,51612],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,51589,3554],{"class":53},[47,51591,58],{"class":57},[47,51593,10423],{"class":77},[47,51595,665],{"class":61},[47,51597,668],{"class":77},[47,51599,671],{"class":61},[47,51601,668],{"class":77},[47,51603,676],{"class":61},[47,51605,668],{"class":77},[47,51607,676],{"class":61},[47,51609,668],{"class":77},[47,51611,671],{"class":61},[47,51613,9240],{"class":77},[47,51615,51616,51618,51620,51622,51624,51626,51628],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,51617,99],{"class":98},[47,51619,78],{"class":77},[47,51621,11095],{"class":98},[47,51623,78],{"class":77},[47,51625,3584],{"class":81},[47,51627,5294],{"class":77},[47,51629,50696],{"class":1378},[20,51631,51632],{},"The repeated values are removed in a set, so only unique items are counted.",[20,51634,51635],{},"This is useful when checking if a collection is empty:",[38,51637,51639],{"className":40,"code":51638,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {}\n\nif len(data) == 0:\n    print(\"The dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,51640,51641,51649,51653,51671],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,51642,51643,51645,51647],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,51644,9098],{"class":53},[47,51646,58],{"class":57},[47,51648,9770],{"class":77},[47,51650,51651],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,51652,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,51654,51655,51657,51659,51661,51663,51665,51667,51669],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,51656,6930],{"class":3812},[47,51658,38321],{"class":98},[47,51660,78],{"class":77},[47,51662,9137],{"class":81},[47,51664,862],{"class":77},[47,51666,6344],{"class":57},[47,51668,3769],{"class":61},[47,51670,6329],{"class":77},[47,51672,51673,51675,51677,51679,51682,51684],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,51674,8000],{"class":98},[47,51676,78],{"class":77},[47,51678,309],{"class":151},[47,51680,51681],{"class":155},"The dictionary is empty",[47,51683,309],{"class":151},[47,51685,85],{"class":77},[33,51687,40979],{"id":40978},[20,51689,51690,51691,914],{},"Here are some practical ways beginners use ",[15,51692,42292],{},[373,51694,51696],{"id":51695},"check-if-a-list-is-empty","Check if a list is empty",[38,51698,51700],{"className":40,"code":51699,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = []\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,51701,51702,51710,51714,51732],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,51703,51704,51706,51708],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,51705,657],{"class":53},[47,51707,58],{"class":57},[47,51709,7770],{"class":77},[47,51711,51712],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,51713,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,51715,51716,51718,51720,51722,51724,51726,51728,51730],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,51717,6930],{"class":3812},[47,51719,38321],{"class":98},[47,51721,78],{"class":77},[47,51723,692],{"class":81},[47,51725,862],{"class":77},[47,51727,6344],{"class":57},[47,51729,3769],{"class":61},[47,51731,6329],{"class":77},[47,51733,51734,51736,51738,51740,51743,51745],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,51735,8000],{"class":98},[47,51737,78],{"class":77},[47,51739,309],{"class":151},[47,51741,51742],{"class":155},"The list is empty",[47,51744,309],{"class":151},[47,51746,85],{"class":77},[373,51748,51750],{"id":51749},"count-letters-in-user-input","Count letters in user input",[38,51752,51754],{"className":40,"code":51753,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"word = input(\"Enter a word: \")\nprint(\"Number of characters:\", len(word))\n",[15,51755,51756,51775],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,51757,51758,51760,51762,51764,51766,51768,51771,51773],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,51759,6089],{"class":53},[47,51761,58],{"class":57},[47,51763,8173],{"class":98},[47,51765,78],{"class":77},[47,51767,309],{"class":151},[47,51769,51770],{"class":155},"Enter a word: ",[47,51772,309],{"class":151},[47,51774,85],{"class":77},[47,51776,51777,51779,51781,51783,51786,51788,51790,51792,51794,51796],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,51778,99],{"class":98},[47,51780,78],{"class":77},[47,51782,309],{"class":151},[47,51784,51785],{"class":155},"Number of characters:",[47,51787,309],{"class":151},[47,51789,668],{"class":77},[47,51791,38321],{"class":98},[47,51793,78],{"class":77},[47,51795,38326],{"class":81},[47,51797,123],{"class":77},[373,51799,51801],{"id":51800},"validate-minimum-password-length","Validate minimum password length",[38,51803,51805],{"className":40,"code":51804,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"password = \"secret123\"\n\nif len(password) >= 8:\n    print(\"Password length is valid\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Password is too short\")\n",[15,51806,51807,51821,51825,51843,51858,51864],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,51808,51809,51812,51814,51816,51819],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,51810,51811],{"class":53},"password ",[47,51813,58],{"class":57},[47,51815,303],{"class":151},[47,51817,51818],{"class":155},"secret123",[47,51820,820],{"class":151},[47,51822,51823],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,51824,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,51826,51827,51829,51831,51833,51835,51837,51839,51841],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,51828,6930],{"class":3812},[47,51830,38321],{"class":98},[47,51832,78],{"class":77},[47,51834,17556],{"class":81},[47,51836,862],{"class":77},[47,51838,51214],{"class":57},[47,51840,6295],{"class":61},[47,51842,6329],{"class":77},[47,51844,51845,51847,51849,51851,51854,51856],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,51846,8000],{"class":98},[47,51848,78],{"class":77},[47,51850,309],{"class":151},[47,51852,51853],{"class":155},"Password length is valid",[47,51855,309],{"class":151},[47,51857,85],{"class":77},[47,51859,51860,51862],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,51861,27367],{"class":3812},[47,51863,6329],{"class":77},[47,51865,51866,51868,51870,51872,51875,51877],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,51867,8000],{"class":98},[47,51869,78],{"class":77},[47,51871,309],{"class":151},[47,51873,51874],{"class":155},"Password is too short",[47,51876,309],{"class":151},[47,51878,85],{"class":77},[373,51880,51882],{"id":51881},"check-how-many-items-were-read","Check how many items were read",[38,51884,51886],{"className":40,"code":51885,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"results = [\"item1\", \"item2\", \"item3\"]\nprint(\"Items found:\", len(results))\n",[15,51887,51888,51924],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,51889,51890,51893,51895,51897,51899,51902,51904,51906,51908,51911,51913,51915,51917,51920,51922],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,51891,51892],{"class":53},"results ",[47,51894,58],{"class":57},[47,51896,662],{"class":77},[47,51898,309],{"class":151},[47,51900,51901],{"class":155},"item1",[47,51903,309],{"class":151},[47,51905,668],{"class":77},[47,51907,303],{"class":151},[47,51909,51910],{"class":155},"item2",[47,51912,309],{"class":151},[47,51914,668],{"class":77},[47,51916,303],{"class":151},[47,51918,51919],{"class":155},"item3",[47,51921,309],{"class":151},[47,51923,679],{"class":77},[47,51925,51926,51928,51930,51932,51935,51937,51939,51941,51943,51946],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,51927,99],{"class":98},[47,51929,78],{"class":77},[47,51931,309],{"class":151},[47,51933,51934],{"class":155},"Items found:",[47,51936,309],{"class":151},[47,51938,668],{"class":77},[47,51940,38321],{"class":98},[47,51942,78],{"class":77},[47,51944,51945],{"class":81},"results",[47,51947,123],{"class":77},[20,51949,51950],{},"These are the kinds of small checks that make programs safer and easier to debug.",[33,51952,51954],{"id":51953},"objects-that-can-cause-errors","Objects that can cause errors",[20,51956,51957,51959],{},[15,51958,42292],{}," does not work on every value.",[20,51961,51962,51963,2826],{},"These will raise a ",[15,51964,2947],{},[185,51966,51967,51970,51973],{},[188,51968,51969],{},"plain integers",[188,51971,51972],{},"floats",[188,51974,51975],{},[15,51976,3713],{},[20,51978,800],{},[38,51980,51982],{"className":40,"code":51981,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(len(5))\n",[15,51983,51984],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,51985,51986,51988,51990,51992,51994,51996],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,51987,99],{"class":98},[47,51989,78],{"class":77},[47,51991,11095],{"class":98},[47,51993,78],{"class":77},[47,51995,2094],{"class":61},[47,51997,123],{"class":77},[20,51999,52000,52001,52003],{},"This causes an error because the integer ",[15,52002,2094],{}," does not have a length.",[20,52005,52006],{},"Another example:",[38,52008,52010],{"className":40,"code":52009,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(len(3.14))\n",[15,52011,52012],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,52013,52014,52016,52018,52020,52022,52024],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,52015,99],{"class":98},[47,52017,78],{"class":77},[47,52019,11095],{"class":98},[47,52021,78],{"class":77},[47,52023,203],{"class":61},[47,52025,123],{"class":77},[20,52027,52028,52029,2826],{},"And with ",[15,52030,3713],{},[38,52032,52034],{"className":40,"code":52033,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = None\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,52035,52036,52044],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,52037,52038,52040,52042],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,52039,566],{"class":53},[47,52041,58],{"class":57},[47,52043,48453],{"class":571},[47,52045,52046,52048,52050,52052,52054,52056],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,52047,99],{"class":98},[47,52049,78],{"class":77},[47,52051,11095],{"class":98},[47,52053,78],{"class":77},[47,52055,585],{"class":81},[47,52057,123],{"class":77},[20,52059,52060,52061,914],{},"If your code fails because a value is missing, it may help to read ",[360,52062,52064],{"href":52063},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-nonetype-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable",[33,52066,52068],{"id":52067},"how-to-avoid-mistakes","How to avoid mistakes",[20,52070,52071,52072,52074],{},"Before using ",[15,52073,42292],{},", make sure the value is a string or collection.",[20,52076,52077],{},"Helpful debugging steps:",[38,52079,52081],{"className":40,"code":52080,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = None\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(isinstance(value, list))\nprint(isinstance(value, dict))\n",[15,52082,52083,52091,52095,52105,52119,52137,52155],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,52084,52085,52087,52089],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,52086,566],{"class":53},[47,52088,58],{"class":57},[47,52090,48453],{"class":571},[47,52092,52093],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,52094,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,52096,52097,52099,52101,52103],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,52098,99],{"class":98},[47,52100,78],{"class":77},[47,52102,585],{"class":81},[47,52104,85],{"class":77},[47,52106,52107,52109,52111,52113,52115,52117],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,52108,99],{"class":98},[47,52110,78],{"class":77},[47,52112,116],{"class":73},[47,52114,78],{"class":77},[47,52116,585],{"class":81},[47,52118,123],{"class":77},[47,52120,52121,52123,52125,52127,52129,52131,52133,52135],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,52122,99],{"class":98},[47,52124,78],{"class":77},[47,52126,48801],{"class":98},[47,52128,78],{"class":77},[47,52130,585],{"class":81},[47,52132,668],{"class":77},[47,52134,74],{"class":73},[47,52136,123],{"class":77},[47,52138,52139,52141,52143,52145,52147,52149,52151,52153],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,52140,99],{"class":98},[47,52142,78],{"class":77},[47,52144,48801],{"class":98},[47,52146,78],{"class":77},[47,52148,585],{"class":81},[47,52150,668],{"class":77},[47,52152,22494],{"class":73},[47,52154,123],{"class":77},[47,52156,52157,52159,52161,52163,52165,52167,52169,52171],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,52158,99],{"class":98},[47,52160,78],{"class":77},[47,52162,48801],{"class":98},[47,52164,78],{"class":77},[47,52166,585],{"class":81},[47,52168,668],{"class":77},[47,52170,9103],{"class":73},[47,52172,123],{"class":77},[20,52174,52175],{},"This helps you see what the variable actually contains.",[20,52177,52178],{},"You can also use a safe check:",[38,52180,52182],{"className":40,"code":52181,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = \"hello\"\n\nif value is not None:\n    print(len(value))\n",[15,52183,52184,52196,52200,52214],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,52185,52186,52188,52190,52192,52194],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,52187,566],{"class":53},[47,52189,58],{"class":57},[47,52191,303],{"class":151},[47,52193,3781],{"class":155},[47,52195,820],{"class":151},[47,52197,52198],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,52199,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,52201,52202,52204,52206,52208,52210,52212],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,52203,6930],{"class":3812},[47,52205,21520],{"class":53},[47,52207,353],{"class":57},[47,52209,8031],{"class":57},[47,52211,3788],{"class":571},[47,52213,6329],{"class":77},[47,52215,52216,52218,52220,52222,52224,52226],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,52217,8000],{"class":98},[47,52219,78],{"class":77},[47,52221,11095],{"class":98},[47,52223,78],{"class":77},[47,52225,585],{"class":81},[47,52227,123],{"class":77},[20,52229,52230,52231,914],{},"If you are learning how to inspect values, see ",[360,52232,8373],{"href":362},[33,52234,2775],{"id":2774},[20,52236,23029,52237,2826],{},[15,52238,42292],{},[185,52240,52241,52249,52257,52265,52271],{},[188,52242,1335,52243,52245,52246],{},[15,52244,42292],{}," on an integer like ",[15,52247,52248],{},"len(5)",[188,52250,1335,52251,52253,52254],{},[15,52252,42292],{}," on a float like ",[15,52255,52256],{},"len(3.14)",[188,52258,1335,52259,52261,52262,52264],{},[15,52260,42292],{}," on ",[15,52263,3713],{}," after a function returns nothing",[188,52266,4514,52267,52270],{},[15,52268,52269],{},"len(dictionary)"," counts values instead of keys",[188,52272,52273],{},"Forgetting that spaces count in string length",[20,52275,52276],{},"Example of a dictionary misunderstanding:",[38,52278,52280],{"className":40,"code":52279,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(len(person))  # 2\n",[15,52281,52282,52318],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,52283,52284,52286,52288,52290,52292,52294,52296,52298,52300,52302,52304,52306,52308,52310,52312,52314,52316],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,52285,13139],{"class":53},[47,52287,58],{"class":57},[47,52289,10423],{"class":77},[47,52291,309],{"class":151},[47,52293,7601],{"class":155},[47,52295,309],{"class":151},[47,52297,2826],{"class":77},[47,52299,303],{"class":151},[47,52301,12814],{"class":155},[47,52303,309],{"class":151},[47,52305,668],{"class":77},[47,52307,303],{"class":151},[47,52309,82],{"class":155},[47,52311,309],{"class":151},[47,52313,2826],{"class":77},[47,52315,7722],{"class":61},[47,52317,9240],{"class":77},[47,52319,52320,52322,52324,52326,52328,52330,52332],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,52321,99],{"class":98},[47,52323,78],{"class":77},[47,52325,11095],{"class":98},[47,52327,78],{"class":77},[47,52329,17243],{"class":81},[47,52331,5294],{"class":77},[47,52333,51341],{"class":1378},[20,52335,37529,52336,52338,52339,4329,52341,914],{},[15,52337,2016],{}," because there are two keys: ",[15,52340,15174],{},[15,52342,52343],{},"\"age\"",[20,52345,52346],{},"Example showing that spaces count:",[38,52348,52350],{"className":40,"code":52349,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"a b\"\nprint(len(text))  # 3\n",[15,52351,52352,52365],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,52353,52354,52356,52358,52360,52363],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,52355,68],{"class":53},[47,52357,58],{"class":57},[47,52359,303],{"class":151},[47,52361,52362],{"class":155},"a b",[47,52364,820],{"class":151},[47,52366,52367,52369,52371,52373,52375,52377,52379],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,52368,99],{"class":98},[47,52370,78],{"class":77},[47,52372,11095],{"class":98},[47,52374,78],{"class":77},[47,52376,104],{"class":81},[47,52378,5294],{"class":77},[47,52380,50696],{"class":1378},[20,52382,52383],{},"The space in the middle is counted as a character.",[33,52385,1762],{"id":1761},[373,52387,52389],{"id":52388},"what-does-len-return-in-python","What does len() return in Python?",[20,52391,52392],{},"It returns an integer that shows how many characters or items an object contains.",[373,52394,52396],{"id":52395},"does-len-count-spaces-in-a-string","Does len() count spaces in a string?",[20,52398,52399],{},"Yes. Spaces are characters, so they are included.",[373,52401,52403],{"id":52402},"what-does-len-return-for-a-dictionary","What does len() return for a dictionary?",[20,52405,52406],{},"It returns the number of keys in the dictionary.",[373,52408,52410],{"id":52409},"can-i-use-len-on-a-number","Can I use len() on a number?",[20,52412,52413,52414,52416,52417,1389,52419,52421,52422,914],{},"No. Using ",[15,52415,42292],{}," on an ",[15,52418,1050],{},[15,52420,1755],{}," raises a ",[15,52423,2947],{},[373,52425,52427],{"id":52426},"how-do-i-check-if-a-list-is-empty","How do I check if a list is empty?",[20,52429,1526,52430,914],{},[15,52431,52432],{},"len(my_list) == 0",[20,52434,800],{},[38,52436,52438],{"className":40,"code":52437,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list = []\n\nif len(my_list) == 0:\n    print(\"Empty list\")\n",[15,52439,52440,52448,52452,52470],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,52441,52442,52444,52446],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,52443,8239],{"class":53},[47,52445,58],{"class":57},[47,52447,7770],{"class":77},[47,52449,52450],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,52451,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,52453,52454,52456,52458,52460,52462,52464,52466,52468],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,52455,6930],{"class":3812},[47,52457,38321],{"class":98},[47,52459,78],{"class":77},[47,52461,8270],{"class":81},[47,52463,862],{"class":77},[47,52465,6344],{"class":57},[47,52467,3769],{"class":61},[47,52469,6329],{"class":77},[47,52471,52472,52474,52476,52478,52481,52483],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,52473,8000],{"class":98},[47,52475,78],{"class":77},[47,52477,309],{"class":151},[47,52479,52480],{"class":155},"Empty list",[47,52482,309],{"class":151},[47,52484,85],{"class":77},[20,52486,52487,52488,52490,52491,52493,52494,52496],{},"You should also learn that an empty list is treated as ",[15,52489,3609],{}," in an ",[15,52492,6930],{}," statement, but ",[15,52495,42292],{}," is often clearer for beginners.",[33,52498,1825],{"id":1824},[185,52500,52501,52505,52509,52513,52518,52522,52528],{},[188,52502,52503],{},[360,52504,50902],{"href":50901},[188,52506,52507],{},[360,52508,50906],{"href":50905},[188,52510,52511],{},[360,52512,9088],{"href":9087},[188,52514,52515],{},[360,52516,52517],{"href":51472},"How to get the length of a list in Python",[188,52519,52520],{},[360,52521,8373],{"href":362},[188,52523,52524],{},[360,52525,52527],{"href":52526},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable fix",[188,52529,52530],{},[360,52531,52532],{"href":52063},"TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable fix",[1875,52534,52535],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":65,"depth":65,"links":52537},[52538,52539,52540,52541,52542,52543,52544,52550,52551,52552,52553,52560],{"id":35,"depth":65,"text":36},{"id":50704,"depth":65,"text":50705},{"id":244,"depth":65,"text":245},{"id":51049,"depth":65,"text":51050},{"id":51236,"depth":65,"text":51237},{"id":51476,"depth":65,"text":51477},{"id":40978,"depth":65,"text":40979,"children":52545},[52546,52547,52548,52549],{"id":51695,"depth":88,"text":51696},{"id":51749,"depth":88,"text":51750},{"id":51800,"depth":88,"text":51801},{"id":51881,"depth":88,"text":51882},{"id":51953,"depth":65,"text":51954},{"id":52067,"depth":65,"text":52068},{"id":2774,"depth":65,"text":2775},{"id":1761,"depth":65,"text":1762,"children":52554},[52555,52556,52557,52558,52559],{"id":52388,"depth":88,"text":52389},{"id":52395,"depth":88,"text":52396},{"id":52402,"depth":88,"text":52403},{"id":52409,"depth":88,"text":52410},{"id":52426,"depth":88,"text":52427},{"id":1824,"depth":65,"text":1825},"Master python len function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained",{"title":50587,"description":52561},"reference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained","du6gacH3zkUY8V4BWqahXrJZO1Il9uelaQIY05kGhk4",{"id":52568,"title":52569,"body":52570,"description":54255,"extension":1922,"meta":54256,"navigation":91,"path":54257,"seo":54258,"stem":54259,"__hash__":54260},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method.md","Python List append() Method",{"type":7,"value":52571,"toc":54228},[52572,52575,52589,52595,52597,52651,52656,52660,52676,52679,52693,52699,52701,52704,52723,52739,52741,52817,52819,52856,52867,52869,52872,52933,52935,52968,52971,52977,52981,52984,53109,53111,53170,53178,53231,53233,53260,53266,53276,53280,53283,53288,53340,53342,53368,53374,53428,53430,53455,53458,53482,53488,53490,53494,53496,53553,53555,53563,53565,53587,53589,53642,53644,53668,53672,53674,53713,53715,53723,53729,53733,53785,53787,53813,53821,53825,53830,53839,53841,53907,53909,53941,53945,53950,53952,53966,53969,54042,54044,54070,54072,54076,54083,54087,54094,54098,54101,54103,54156,54158,54184,54188,54197,54199,54225],[10,52573,52569],{"id":52574},"python-list-append-method",[20,52576,1939,52577,52580,52581,52584,52585,52588],{},[15,52578,52579],{},"append()"," method adds ",[127,52582,52583],{},"one item"," to the ",[127,52586,52587],{},"end"," of a Python list.",[20,52590,52591,52592,52594],{},"Use it when you want to grow a list step by step. This method changes the original list directly, so it does ",[127,52593,768],{}," create a new list.",[33,52596,3544],{"id":3543},[38,52598,52600],{"className":40,"code":52599,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.append(4)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,52601,52602,52622,52636,52646],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,52603,52604,52606,52608,52610,52612,52614,52616,52618,52620],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,52605,3554],{"class":53},[47,52607,58],{"class":57},[47,52609,662],{"class":77},[47,52611,665],{"class":61},[47,52613,668],{"class":77},[47,52615,671],{"class":61},[47,52617,668],{"class":77},[47,52619,676],{"class":61},[47,52621,679],{"class":77},[47,52623,52624,52626,52628,52630,52632,52634],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,52625,3584],{"class":53},[47,52627,914],{"class":77},[47,52629,13488],{"class":81},[47,52631,78],{"class":77},[47,52633,2451],{"class":61},[47,52635,85],{"class":77},[47,52637,52638,52640,52642,52644],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,52639,99],{"class":98},[47,52641,78],{"class":77},[47,52643,3584],{"class":81},[47,52645,85],{"class":77},[47,52647,52648],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,52649,52650],{"class":1378},"# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,52652,165,52653,52655],{},[15,52654,52579],{}," to add one item to the end of a list. It changes the original list.",[33,52657,52659],{"id":52658},"what-append-does","What append() does",[185,52661,52662,52667,52670,52673],{},[188,52663,52664,52666],{},[15,52665,52579],{}," adds one item to the end of a list",[188,52668,52669],{},"It changes the existing list in place",[188,52671,52672],{},"It does not create a new list",[188,52674,52675],{},"It can add any Python object as one item",[20,52677,52678],{},"This means you can append:",[185,52680,52681,52683,52685,52687,52689,52691],{},[188,52682,3584],{},[188,52684,5241],{},[188,52686,40527],{},[188,52688,5232],{},[188,52690,7183],{},[188,52692,34596],{},[20,52694,52695,52696,914],{},"If you need a broader introduction to lists first, see ",[360,52697,52698],{"href":50905},"Python lists explained for beginners",[33,52700,5364],{"id":5363},[20,52702,52703],{},"Basic form:",[38,52705,52707],{"className":40,"code":52706,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list.append(item)\n",[15,52708,52709],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,52710,52711,52713,52715,52717,52719,52721],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,52712,8270],{"class":53},[47,52714,914],{"class":77},[47,52716,13488],{"class":81},[47,52718,78],{"class":77},[47,52720,23245],{"class":81},[47,52722,85],{"class":77},[185,52724,52725,52730,52735],{},[188,52726,52727,52729],{},[15,52728,8270],{}," is the list you want to change",[188,52731,52732,52734],{},[15,52733,23245],{}," is the value or object to add",[188,52736,11845,52737],{},[15,52738,3713],{},[20,52740,800],{},[38,52742,52744],{"className":40,"code":52743,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nresult = fruits.append(\"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(result)\n",[15,52745,52746,52770,52793,52797,52807],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,52747,52748,52750,52752,52754,52756,52758,52760,52762,52764,52766,52768],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,52749,36173],{"class":53},[47,52751,58],{"class":57},[47,52753,662],{"class":77},[47,52755,309],{"class":151},[47,52757,1425],{"class":155},[47,52759,309],{"class":151},[47,52761,668],{"class":77},[47,52763,303],{"class":151},[47,52765,1434],{"class":155},[47,52767,309],{"class":151},[47,52769,679],{"class":77},[47,52771,52772,52774,52776,52779,52781,52783,52785,52787,52789,52791],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,52773,2184],{"class":53},[47,52775,58],{"class":57},[47,52777,52778],{"class":53}," fruits",[47,52780,914],{"class":77},[47,52782,13488],{"class":81},[47,52784,78],{"class":77},[47,52786,309],{"class":151},[47,52788,1443],{"class":155},[47,52790,309],{"class":151},[47,52792,85],{"class":77},[47,52794,52795],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,52796,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,52798,52799,52801,52803,52805],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,52800,99],{"class":98},[47,52802,78],{"class":77},[47,52804,36225],{"class":81},[47,52806,85],{"class":77},[47,52808,52809,52811,52813,52815],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,52810,99],{"class":98},[47,52812,78],{"class":77},[47,52814,2218],{"class":81},[47,52816,85],{"class":77},[20,52818,129],{},[38,52820,52822],{"className":40,"code":52821,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\nNone\n",[15,52823,52824,52852],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,52825,52826,52828,52830,52832,52834,52836,52838,52840,52842,52844,52846,52848,52850],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,52827,736],{"class":77},[47,52829,159],{"class":151},[47,52831,1425],{"class":155},[47,52833,159],{"class":151},[47,52835,668],{"class":77},[47,52837,152],{"class":151},[47,52839,1434],{"class":155},[47,52841,159],{"class":151},[47,52843,668],{"class":77},[47,52845,152],{"class":151},[47,52847,1443],{"class":155},[47,52849,159],{"class":151},[47,52851,679],{"class":77},[47,52853,52854],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,52855,11742],{"class":571},[20,52857,52858,52859,52861,52862,52864,52865,914],{},"The important detail is that ",[15,52860,52579],{}," updates ",[15,52863,36225],{},", but the method itself returns ",[15,52866,3713],{},[33,52868,11409],{"id":11408},[20,52870,52871],{},"Start with a short list, append one value, then print the list.",[38,52873,52875],{"className":40,"code":52874,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.append(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,52876,52877,52901,52919,52923],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,52878,52879,52881,52883,52885,52887,52889,52891,52893,52895,52897,52899],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,52880,13010],{"class":53},[47,52882,58],{"class":57},[47,52884,662],{"class":77},[47,52886,309],{"class":151},[47,52888,13027],{"class":155},[47,52890,309],{"class":151},[47,52892,668],{"class":77},[47,52894,303],{"class":151},[47,52896,13044],{"class":155},[47,52898,309],{"class":151},[47,52900,679],{"class":77},[47,52902,52903,52905,52907,52909,52911,52913,52915,52917],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,52904,17437],{"class":53},[47,52906,914],{"class":77},[47,52908,13488],{"class":81},[47,52910,78],{"class":77},[47,52912,309],{"class":151},[47,52914,17390],{"class":155},[47,52916,309],{"class":151},[47,52918,85],{"class":77},[47,52920,52921],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,52922,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,52924,52925,52927,52929,52931],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,52926,99],{"class":98},[47,52928,78],{"class":77},[47,52930,17437],{"class":81},[47,52932,85],{"class":77},[20,52934,129],{},[38,52936,52938],{"className":40,"code":52937,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,52939,52940],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,52941,52942,52944,52946,52948,52950,52952,52954,52956,52958,52960,52962,52964,52966],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,52943,736],{"class":77},[47,52945,159],{"class":151},[47,52947,13027],{"class":155},[47,52949,159],{"class":151},[47,52951,668],{"class":77},[47,52953,152],{"class":151},[47,52955,13044],{"class":155},[47,52957,159],{"class":151},[47,52959,668],{"class":77},[47,52961,152],{"class":151},[47,52963,17390],{"class":155},[47,52965,159],{"class":151},[47,52967,679],{"class":77},[20,52969,52970],{},"The new item becomes the last item in the list.",[20,52972,31017,52973,914],{},[360,52974,52976],{"href":52975},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to add an item to a list in Python",[33,52978,52980],{"id":52979},"appending-different-data-types","Appending different data types",[20,52982,52983],{},"You can append many kinds of values.",[38,52985,52987],{"className":40,"code":52986,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = []\n\nitems.append(10)\nitems.append(\"hello\")\nitems.append(True)\nitems.append({\"name\": \"Sam\"})\nitems.append([1, 2, 3])\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,52988,52989,52997,53001,53015,53033,53047,53073,53095,53099],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,52990,52991,52993,52995],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,52992,657],{"class":53},[47,52994,58],{"class":57},[47,52996,7770],{"class":77},[47,52998,52999],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,53000,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,53002,53003,53005,53007,53009,53011,53013],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,53004,692],{"class":53},[47,53006,914],{"class":77},[47,53008,13488],{"class":81},[47,53010,78],{"class":77},[47,53012,193],{"class":61},[47,53014,85],{"class":77},[47,53016,53017,53019,53021,53023,53025,53027,53029,53031],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,53018,692],{"class":53},[47,53020,914],{"class":77},[47,53022,13488],{"class":81},[47,53024,78],{"class":77},[47,53026,309],{"class":151},[47,53028,3781],{"class":155},[47,53030,309],{"class":151},[47,53032,85],{"class":77},[47,53034,53035,53037,53039,53041,53043,53045],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,53036,692],{"class":53},[47,53038,914],{"class":77},[47,53040,13488],{"class":81},[47,53042,78],{"class":77},[47,53044,212],{"class":571},[47,53046,85],{"class":77},[47,53048,53049,53051,53053,53055,53057,53059,53061,53063,53065,53067,53069,53071],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,53050,692],{"class":53},[47,53052,914],{"class":77},[47,53054,13488],{"class":81},[47,53056,5463],{"class":77},[47,53058,309],{"class":151},[47,53060,7601],{"class":155},[47,53062,309],{"class":151},[47,53064,2826],{"class":77},[47,53066,303],{"class":151},[47,53068,7610],{"class":155},[47,53070,309],{"class":151},[47,53072,30430],{"class":77},[47,53074,53075,53077,53079,53081,53083,53085,53087,53089,53091,53093],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,53076,692],{"class":53},[47,53078,914],{"class":77},[47,53080,13488],{"class":81},[47,53082,2928],{"class":77},[47,53084,665],{"class":61},[47,53086,668],{"class":77},[47,53088,671],{"class":61},[47,53090,668],{"class":77},[47,53092,676],{"class":61},[47,53094,3825],{"class":77},[47,53096,53097],{"class":49,"line":1734},[47,53098,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,53100,53101,53103,53105,53107],{"class":49,"line":6365},[47,53102,99],{"class":98},[47,53104,78],{"class":77},[47,53106,692],{"class":81},[47,53108,85],{"class":77},[20,53110,129],{},[38,53112,53114],{"className":40,"code":53113,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[10, 'hello', True, {'name': 'Sam'}, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,53115,53116],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,53117,53118,53120,53122,53124,53126,53128,53130,53132,53134,53136,53138,53140,53142,53144,53146,53148,53150,53152,53155,53157,53159,53161,53163,53165,53167],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53119,736],{"class":77},[47,53121,193],{"class":61},[47,53123,668],{"class":77},[47,53125,152],{"class":151},[47,53127,3781],{"class":155},[47,53129,159],{"class":151},[47,53131,668],{"class":77},[47,53133,3852],{"class":571},[47,53135,668],{"class":77},[47,53137,10423],{"class":77},[47,53139,159],{"class":151},[47,53141,7601],{"class":155},[47,53143,159],{"class":151},[47,53145,2826],{"class":77},[47,53147,152],{"class":151},[47,53149,7610],{"class":155},[47,53151,159],{"class":151},[47,53153,53154],{"class":77},"},",[47,53156,662],{"class":77},[47,53158,665],{"class":61},[47,53160,668],{"class":77},[47,53162,671],{"class":61},[47,53164,668],{"class":77},[47,53166,676],{"class":61},[47,53168,53169],{"class":77},"]]\n",[20,53171,53172,53173,194,53175,914],{},"A list added with ",[15,53174,52579],{},[127,53176,53177],{},"one single item",[38,53179,53181],{"className":40,"code":53180,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,53182,53183,53199,53217,53221],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,53184,53185,53187,53189,53191,53193,53195,53197],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53186,3554],{"class":53},[47,53188,58],{"class":57},[47,53190,662],{"class":77},[47,53192,665],{"class":61},[47,53194,668],{"class":77},[47,53196,671],{"class":61},[47,53198,679],{"class":77},[47,53200,53201,53203,53205,53207,53209,53211,53213,53215],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,53202,3584],{"class":53},[47,53204,914],{"class":77},[47,53206,13488],{"class":81},[47,53208,2928],{"class":77},[47,53210,2021],{"class":61},[47,53212,668],{"class":77},[47,53214,2404],{"class":61},[47,53216,3825],{"class":77},[47,53218,53219],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,53220,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,53222,53223,53225,53227,53229],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,53224,99],{"class":98},[47,53226,78],{"class":77},[47,53228,3584],{"class":81},[47,53230,85],{"class":77},[20,53232,129],{},[38,53234,53236],{"className":40,"code":53235,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,53237,53238],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,53239,53240,53242,53244,53246,53248,53250,53252,53254,53256,53258],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53241,736],{"class":77},[47,53243,665],{"class":61},[47,53245,668],{"class":77},[47,53247,671],{"class":61},[47,53249,668],{"class":77},[47,53251,662],{"class":77},[47,53253,2021],{"class":61},[47,53255,668],{"class":77},[47,53257,2404],{"class":61},[47,53259,53169],{"class":77},[20,53261,2240,53262,53265],{},[15,53263,53264],{},"[3, 4]"," was added as one nested list item.",[20,53267,53268,53269,53275],{},"This is different from ",[360,53270,53272],{"href":53271},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method\u002F",[15,53273,53274],{},"list.extend()",", which adds items one by one from another iterable.",[33,53277,53279],{"id":53278},"append-vs-extend","append() vs extend()",[20,53281,53282],{},"This is one of the most common beginner questions.",[373,53284,1335,53286],{"id":53285},"using-append",[15,53287,52579],{},[38,53289,53290],{"className":40,"code":53180,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,53291,53292,53308,53326,53330],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,53293,53294,53296,53298,53300,53302,53304,53306],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53295,3554],{"class":53},[47,53297,58],{"class":57},[47,53299,662],{"class":77},[47,53301,665],{"class":61},[47,53303,668],{"class":77},[47,53305,671],{"class":61},[47,53307,679],{"class":77},[47,53309,53310,53312,53314,53316,53318,53320,53322,53324],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,53311,3584],{"class":53},[47,53313,914],{"class":77},[47,53315,13488],{"class":81},[47,53317,2928],{"class":77},[47,53319,2021],{"class":61},[47,53321,668],{"class":77},[47,53323,2404],{"class":61},[47,53325,3825],{"class":77},[47,53327,53328],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,53329,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,53331,53332,53334,53336,53338],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,53333,99],{"class":98},[47,53335,78],{"class":77},[47,53337,3584],{"class":81},[47,53339,85],{"class":77},[20,53341,129],{},[38,53343,53344],{"className":40,"code":53235,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,53345,53346],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,53347,53348,53350,53352,53354,53356,53358,53360,53362,53364,53366],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53349,736],{"class":77},[47,53351,665],{"class":61},[47,53353,668],{"class":77},[47,53355,671],{"class":61},[47,53357,668],{"class":77},[47,53359,662],{"class":77},[47,53361,2021],{"class":61},[47,53363,668],{"class":77},[47,53365,2404],{"class":61},[47,53367,53169],{"class":77},[373,53369,1335,53371],{"id":53370},"using-extend",[15,53372,53373],{},"extend()",[38,53375,53377],{"className":40,"code":53376,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,53378,53379,53395,53414,53418],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,53380,53381,53383,53385,53387,53389,53391,53393],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53382,3554],{"class":53},[47,53384,58],{"class":57},[47,53386,662],{"class":77},[47,53388,665],{"class":61},[47,53390,668],{"class":77},[47,53392,671],{"class":61},[47,53394,679],{"class":77},[47,53396,53397,53399,53401,53404,53406,53408,53410,53412],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,53398,3584],{"class":53},[47,53400,914],{"class":77},[47,53402,53403],{"class":81},"extend",[47,53405,2928],{"class":77},[47,53407,2021],{"class":61},[47,53409,668],{"class":77},[47,53411,2404],{"class":61},[47,53413,3825],{"class":77},[47,53415,53416],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,53417,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,53419,53420,53422,53424,53426],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,53421,99],{"class":98},[47,53423,78],{"class":77},[47,53425,3584],{"class":81},[47,53427,85],{"class":77},[20,53429,129],{},[38,53431,53433],{"className":40,"code":53432,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,53434,53435],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,53436,53437,53439,53441,53443,53445,53447,53449,53451,53453],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53438,736],{"class":77},[47,53440,665],{"class":61},[47,53442,668],{"class":77},[47,53444,671],{"class":61},[47,53446,668],{"class":77},[47,53448,676],{"class":61},[47,53450,668],{"class":77},[47,53452,2404],{"class":61},[47,53454,679],{"class":77},[20,53456,53457],{},"The difference:",[185,53459,53460,53466,53472,53477],{},[188,53461,53462,53465],{},[15,53463,53464],{},"append([3, 4])"," adds one item: the whole list",[188,53467,53468,53471],{},[15,53469,53470],{},"extend([3, 4])"," adds two separate items",[188,53473,165,53474,53476],{},[15,53475,52579],{}," for one item",[188,53478,165,53479,53481],{},[15,53480,53373],{}," for multiple items from another iterable",[20,53483,53484,53485,914],{},"For the full method reference, see ",[360,53486,53487],{"href":53271},"Python list extend() method",[33,53489,1131],{"id":1130},[373,53491,53493],{"id":53492},"assigning-the-result-of-append","Assigning the result of append()",[20,53495,25624],{},[38,53497,53499],{"className":40,"code":53498,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53500,53501,53521,53539,53543],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,53502,53503,53505,53507,53509,53511,53513,53515,53517,53519],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53504,657],{"class":53},[47,53506,58],{"class":57},[47,53508,662],{"class":77},[47,53510,665],{"class":61},[47,53512,668],{"class":77},[47,53514,671],{"class":61},[47,53516,668],{"class":77},[47,53518,676],{"class":61},[47,53520,679],{"class":77},[47,53522,53523,53525,53527,53529,53531,53533,53535,53537],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,53524,657],{"class":53},[47,53526,58],{"class":57},[47,53528,5900],{"class":53},[47,53530,914],{"class":77},[47,53532,13488],{"class":81},[47,53534,78],{"class":77},[47,53536,2451],{"class":61},[47,53538,85],{"class":77},[47,53540,53541],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,53542,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,53544,53545,53547,53549,53551],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,53546,99],{"class":98},[47,53548,78],{"class":77},[47,53550,692],{"class":81},[47,53552,85],{"class":77},[20,53554,129],{},[38,53556,53557],{"className":40,"code":11742,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,53558,53559],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,53560,53561],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53562,11742],{"class":571},[20,53564,11834],{},[185,53566,53567,53572,53578],{},[188,53568,53569,53571],{},[15,53570,52579],{}," changes the list in place",[188,53573,53574,2346,53576],{},[15,53575,52579],{},[15,53577,3713],{},[188,53579,53580,53581,53584,53585],{},"So ",[15,53582,53583],{},"items = items.append(4)"," replaces your list with ",[15,53586,3713],{},[20,53588,10740],{},[38,53590,53592],{"className":40,"code":53591,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53593,53594,53614,53628,53632],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,53595,53596,53598,53600,53602,53604,53606,53608,53610,53612],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53597,657],{"class":53},[47,53599,58],{"class":57},[47,53601,662],{"class":77},[47,53603,665],{"class":61},[47,53605,668],{"class":77},[47,53607,671],{"class":61},[47,53609,668],{"class":77},[47,53611,676],{"class":61},[47,53613,679],{"class":77},[47,53615,53616,53618,53620,53622,53624,53626],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,53617,692],{"class":53},[47,53619,914],{"class":77},[47,53621,13488],{"class":81},[47,53623,78],{"class":77},[47,53625,2451],{"class":61},[47,53627,85],{"class":77},[47,53629,53630],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,53631,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,53633,53634,53636,53638,53640],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,53635,99],{"class":98},[47,53637,78],{"class":77},[47,53639,692],{"class":81},[47,53641,85],{"class":77},[20,53643,129],{},[38,53645,53646],{"className":40,"code":53432,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,53647,53648],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,53649,53650,53652,53654,53656,53658,53660,53662,53664,53666],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53651,736],{"class":77},[47,53653,665],{"class":61},[47,53655,668],{"class":77},[47,53657,671],{"class":61},[47,53659,668],{"class":77},[47,53661,676],{"class":61},[47,53663,668],{"class":77},[47,53665,2404],{"class":61},[47,53667,679],{"class":77},[373,53669,53671],{"id":53670},"expecting-append-to-return-the-updated-list","Expecting append() to return the updated list",[20,53673,18849],{},[38,53675,53677],{"className":40,"code":53676,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"updated = [1, 2].append(3)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,53678,53679,53703],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,53680,53681,53683,53685,53687,53689,53691,53693,53695,53697,53699,53701],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53682,31817],{"class":53},[47,53684,58],{"class":57},[47,53686,662],{"class":77},[47,53688,665],{"class":61},[47,53690,668],{"class":77},[47,53692,671],{"class":61},[47,53694,13485],{"class":77},[47,53696,13488],{"class":81},[47,53698,78],{"class":77},[47,53700,2021],{"class":61},[47,53702,85],{"class":77},[47,53704,53705,53707,53709,53711],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,53706,99],{"class":98},[47,53708,78],{"class":77},[47,53710,31836],{"class":81},[47,53712,85],{"class":77},[20,53714,129],{},[38,53716,53717],{"className":40,"code":11742,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,53718,53719],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,53720,53721],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53722,11742],{"class":571},[20,53724,53725,53726,53728],{},"Remember: ",[15,53727,52579],{}," updates the list you already have.",[373,53730,53732],{"id":53731},"using-append-when-extend-is-needed","Using append() when extend() is needed",[38,53734,53735],{"className":40,"code":53180,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,53736,53737,53753,53771,53775],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,53738,53739,53741,53743,53745,53747,53749,53751],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53740,3554],{"class":53},[47,53742,58],{"class":57},[47,53744,662],{"class":77},[47,53746,665],{"class":61},[47,53748,668],{"class":77},[47,53750,671],{"class":61},[47,53752,679],{"class":77},[47,53754,53755,53757,53759,53761,53763,53765,53767,53769],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,53756,3584],{"class":53},[47,53758,914],{"class":77},[47,53760,13488],{"class":81},[47,53762,2928],{"class":77},[47,53764,2021],{"class":61},[47,53766,668],{"class":77},[47,53768,2404],{"class":61},[47,53770,3825],{"class":77},[47,53772,53773],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,53774,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,53776,53777,53779,53781,53783],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,53778,99],{"class":98},[47,53780,78],{"class":77},[47,53782,3584],{"class":81},[47,53784,85],{"class":77},[20,53786,129],{},[38,53788,53789],{"className":40,"code":53235,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,53790,53791],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,53792,53793,53795,53797,53799,53801,53803,53805,53807,53809,53811],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53794,736],{"class":77},[47,53796,665],{"class":61},[47,53798,668],{"class":77},[47,53800,671],{"class":61},[47,53802,668],{"class":77},[47,53804,662],{"class":77},[47,53806,2021],{"class":61},[47,53808,668],{"class":77},[47,53810,2404],{"class":61},[47,53812,53169],{"class":77},[20,53814,3112,53815,53818,53819,6565],{},[15,53816,53817],{},"[1, 2, 3, 4]",", use ",[15,53820,53373],{},[373,53822,53824],{"id":53823},"forgetting-that-append-always-adds-at-the-end","Forgetting that append() always adds at the end",[20,53826,53827,53829],{},[15,53828,52579],{}," cannot choose a position. It always adds the new item at the end of the list.",[20,53831,53832,53833,914],{},"If you need to add an item at a specific index, use ",[360,53834,53836],{"href":53835},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method\u002F",[15,53837,53838],{},"list.insert()",[20,53840,800],{},[38,53842,53844],{"className":40,"code":53843,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,53845,53846,53870,53893,53897],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,53847,53848,53850,53852,53854,53856,53858,53860,53862,53864,53866,53868],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53849,36024],{"class":53},[47,53851,58],{"class":57},[47,53853,662],{"class":77},[47,53855,309],{"class":151},[47,53857,360],{"class":155},[47,53859,309],{"class":151},[47,53861,668],{"class":77},[47,53863,303],{"class":151},[47,53865,9671],{"class":155},[47,53867,309],{"class":151},[47,53869,679],{"class":77},[47,53871,53872,53874,53876,53879,53881,53883,53885,53887,53889,53891],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,53873,36077],{"class":53},[47,53875,914],{"class":77},[47,53877,53878],{"class":81},"insert",[47,53880,78],{"class":77},[47,53882,665],{"class":61},[47,53884,668],{"class":77},[47,53886,303],{"class":151},[47,53888,4696],{"class":155},[47,53890,309],{"class":151},[47,53892,85],{"class":77},[47,53894,53895],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,53896,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,53898,53899,53901,53903,53905],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,53900,99],{"class":98},[47,53902,78],{"class":77},[47,53904,36077],{"class":81},[47,53906,85],{"class":77},[20,53908,129],{},[38,53910,53911],{"className":40,"code":42806,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,53912,53913],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,53914,53915,53917,53919,53921,53923,53925,53927,53929,53931,53933,53935,53937,53939],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53916,736],{"class":77},[47,53918,159],{"class":151},[47,53920,360],{"class":155},[47,53922,159],{"class":151},[47,53924,668],{"class":77},[47,53926,152],{"class":151},[47,53928,4696],{"class":155},[47,53930,159],{"class":151},[47,53932,668],{"class":77},[47,53934,152],{"class":151},[47,53936,9671],{"class":155},[47,53938,159],{"class":151},[47,53940,679],{"class":77},[33,53942,53944],{"id":53943},"when-to-use-append","When to use append()",[20,53946,53947,53949],{},[15,53948,52579],{}," is useful when you are adding items one at a time.",[20,53951,783],{},[185,53953,53954,53957,53960,53963],{},[188,53955,53956],{},"building a list in a loop",[188,53958,53959],{},"collecting user input",[188,53961,53962],{},"storing results step by step",[188,53964,53965],{},"adding one new item to existing data",[20,53967,53968],{},"Example with a loop:",[38,53970,53972],{"className":40,"code":53971,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"squares = []\n\nfor number in range(1, 5):\n    squares.append(number * number)\n\nprint(squares)\n",[15,53973,53974,53983,53987,54008,54027,54031],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,53975,53976,53979,53981],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53977,53978],{"class":53},"squares ",[47,53980,58],{"class":57},[47,53982,7770],{"class":77},[47,53984,53985],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,53986,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,53988,53989,53991,53993,53995,53998,54000,54002,54004,54006],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,53990,5892],{"class":3812},[47,53992,6322],{"class":53},[47,53994,3819],{"class":3812},[47,53996,53997],{"class":98}," range",[47,53999,78],{"class":77},[47,54001,665],{"class":61},[47,54003,668],{"class":77},[47,54005,4540],{"class":61},[47,54007,8273],{"class":77},[47,54009,54010,54013,54015,54017,54019,54021,54023,54025],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,54011,54012],{"class":53},"    squares",[47,54014,914],{"class":77},[47,54016,13488],{"class":81},[47,54018,78],{"class":77},[47,54020,386],{"class":81},[47,54022,39808],{"class":57},[47,54024,2152],{"class":81},[47,54026,85],{"class":77},[47,54028,54029],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,54030,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,54032,54033,54035,54037,54040],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,54034,99],{"class":98},[47,54036,78],{"class":77},[47,54038,54039],{"class":81},"squares",[47,54041,85],{"class":77},[20,54043,129],{},[38,54045,54047],{"className":40,"code":54046,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 4, 9, 16]\n",[15,54048,54049],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,54050,54051,54053,54055,54057,54059,54061,54064,54066,54068],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,54052,736],{"class":77},[47,54054,665],{"class":61},[47,54056,668],{"class":77},[47,54058,2404],{"class":61},[47,54060,668],{"class":77},[47,54062,54063],{"class":61}," 9",[47,54065,668],{"class":77},[47,54067,13923],{"class":61},[47,54069,679],{"class":77},[33,54071,1762],{"id":1761},[373,54073,54075],{"id":54074},"does-append-return-a-new-list","Does append() return a new list?",[20,54077,1815,54078,54080,54081,914],{},[15,54079,52579],{}," changes the original list and returns ",[15,54082,3713],{},[373,54084,54086],{"id":54085},"can-append-add-multiple-items-at-once","Can append() add multiple items at once?",[20,54088,54089,54090,914],{},"No. It adds one item. To add multiple items from another iterable, use ",[360,54091,54092],{"href":53271},[15,54093,53373],{},[373,54095,54097],{"id":54096},"what-happens-if-i-append-a-list","What happens if I append a list?",[20,54099,54100],{},"The whole list is added as one item at the end, creating a nested list.",[20,54102,800],{},[38,54104,54106],{"className":40,"code":54105,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = [1, 2]\ndata.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,54107,54108,54124,54142,54146],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,54109,54110,54112,54114,54116,54118,54120,54122],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,54111,9098],{"class":53},[47,54113,58],{"class":57},[47,54115,662],{"class":77},[47,54117,665],{"class":61},[47,54119,668],{"class":77},[47,54121,671],{"class":61},[47,54123,679],{"class":77},[47,54125,54126,54128,54130,54132,54134,54136,54138,54140],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,54127,9137],{"class":53},[47,54129,914],{"class":77},[47,54131,13488],{"class":81},[47,54133,2928],{"class":77},[47,54135,2021],{"class":61},[47,54137,668],{"class":77},[47,54139,2404],{"class":61},[47,54141,3825],{"class":77},[47,54143,54144],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,54145,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,54147,54148,54150,54152,54154],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,54149,99],{"class":98},[47,54151,78],{"class":77},[47,54153,9137],{"class":81},[47,54155,85],{"class":77},[20,54157,129],{},[38,54159,54160],{"className":40,"code":53235,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,54161,54162],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,54163,54164,54166,54168,54170,54172,54174,54176,54178,54180,54182],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,54165,736],{"class":77},[47,54167,665],{"class":61},[47,54169,668],{"class":77},[47,54171,671],{"class":61},[47,54173,668],{"class":77},[47,54175,662],{"class":77},[47,54177,2021],{"class":61},[47,54179,668],{"class":77},[47,54181,2404],{"class":61},[47,54183,53169],{"class":77},[373,54185,54187],{"id":54186},"what-is-the-difference-between-append-and-insert","What is the difference between append() and insert()?",[20,54189,54190,54192,54193,54196],{},[15,54191,52579],{}," adds at the end. ",[15,54194,54195],{},"insert()"," adds at a specific position.",[33,54198,1825],{"id":1824},[185,54200,54201,54206,54210,54215,54219],{},[188,54202,54203],{},[360,54204,54205],{"href":52975},"How to add an item to a list in Python",[188,54207,54208],{},[360,54209,53487],{"href":53271},[188,54211,54212],{},[360,54213,54214],{"href":53835},"Python list insert() method",[188,54216,54217],{},[360,54218,52698],{"href":50905},[188,54220,54221],{},[360,54222,54224],{"href":54223},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-list-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","Fix list-related AttributeError problems",[1875,54226,54227],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":65,"depth":65,"links":54229},[54230,54231,54232,54233,54234,54235,54241,54247,54248,54254],{"id":3543,"depth":65,"text":3544},{"id":52658,"depth":65,"text":52659},{"id":5363,"depth":65,"text":5364},{"id":11408,"depth":65,"text":11409},{"id":52979,"depth":65,"text":52980},{"id":53278,"depth":65,"text":53279,"children":54236},[54237,54239],{"id":53285,"depth":88,"text":54238},"Using append()",{"id":53370,"depth":88,"text":54240},"Using extend()",{"id":1130,"depth":65,"text":1131,"children":54242},[54243,54244,54245,54246],{"id":53492,"depth":88,"text":53493},{"id":53670,"depth":88,"text":53671},{"id":53731,"depth":88,"text":53732},{"id":53823,"depth":88,"text":53824},{"id":53943,"depth":65,"text":53944},{"id":1761,"depth":65,"text":1762,"children":54249},[54250,54251,54252,54253],{"id":54074,"depth":88,"text":54075},{"id":54085,"depth":88,"text":54086},{"id":54096,"depth":88,"text":54097},{"id":54186,"depth":88,"text":54187},{"id":1824,"depth":65,"text":1825},"Master python list append method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method",{"title":52569,"description":54255},"reference\u002Fpython-list-append-method","cBBksi6Gcs0V4z_ykk5oU9TSrL_TTVPGb-hIaffmg1I",{"id":54262,"title":54263,"body":54264,"description":55508,"extension":1922,"meta":55509,"navigation":91,"path":55510,"seo":55511,"stem":55512,"__hash__":55513},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method.md","Python List clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":54265,"toc":55473},[54266,54272,54278,54284,54286,54334,54339,54344,54348,54364,54370,54372,54375,54390,54392,54403,54405,54407,54464,54466,54474,54476,54492,54498,54500,54506,54510,54594,54597,54646,54653,54661,54664,54678,54691,54697,54772,54779,54786,54860,54868,54871,54882,54891,54895,54899,54910,54912,54989,55010,55012,55022,55025,55073,55075,55096,55099,55101,55152,55158,55165,55232,55238,55244,55247,55274,55279,55285,55288,55360,55363,55374,55380,55382,55388,55391,55397,55403,55410,55418,55424,55430,55432,55470],[10,54267,54269,54270,11256],{"id":54268},"python-list-clear-method","Python List ",[15,54271,11255],{},[20,54273,54274,54277],{},[15,54275,54276],{},"list.clear()"," removes every item from a list.",[20,54279,54280,54281,54283],{},"Use it when you want to empty an existing list ",[127,54282,11268],{},". This is useful when you want to keep using the same list object, but remove all of its contents.",[33,54285,3544],{"id":3543},[38,54287,54289],{"className":40,"code":54288,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,54290,54291,54311,54321],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,54292,54293,54295,54297,54299,54301,54303,54305,54307,54309],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,54294,657],{"class":53},[47,54296,58],{"class":57},[47,54298,662],{"class":77},[47,54300,665],{"class":61},[47,54302,668],{"class":77},[47,54304,671],{"class":61},[47,54306,668],{"class":77},[47,54308,676],{"class":61},[47,54310,679],{"class":77},[47,54312,54313,54315,54317,54319],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,54314,692],{"class":53},[47,54316,914],{"class":77},[47,54318,11317],{"class":81},[47,54320,8574],{"class":77},[47,54322,54323,54325,54327,54329,54331],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,54324,99],{"class":98},[47,54326,78],{"class":77},[47,54328,692],{"class":81},[47,54330,862],{"class":77},[47,54332,54333],{"class":1378},"  # []\n",[20,54335,165,54336,54338],{},[15,54337,11255],{}," to remove all items from an existing list in place.",[33,54340,172,54342,175],{"id":54341},"what-listclear-does",[15,54343,54276],{},[20,54345,54346,2826],{},[15,54347,54276],{},[185,54349,54350,54353,54356,54361],{},[188,54351,54352],{},"Removes every item from a list",[188,54354,54355],{},"Changes the original list in place",[188,54357,54358,54359],{},"Leaves you with an empty list: ",[15,54360,3722],{},[188,54362,54363],{},"Takes no arguments",[20,54365,54366,54367,54369],{},"This means the list still exists after calling ",[15,54368,11255],{},", but it contains no values.",[33,54371,245],{"id":244},[20,54373,54374],{},"Syntax:",[38,54376,54378],{"className":40,"code":54377,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list.clear()\n",[15,54379,54380],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,54381,54382,54384,54386,54388],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,54383,8270],{"class":53},[47,54385,914],{"class":77},[47,54387,11317],{"class":81},[47,54389,8574],{"class":77},[20,54391,1515],{},[185,54393,54394,54397,54400],{},[188,54395,54396],{},"Call it on a list object",[188,54398,54399],{},"Do not pass values inside the parentheses",[188,54401,54402],{},"Include the parentheses so the method actually runs",[33,54404,11409],{"id":11408},[20,54406,11412],{},[38,54408,54410],{"className":40,"code":54409,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nnumbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,54411,54412,54436,54440,54450,54454],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,54413,54414,54416,54418,54420,54422,54424,54426,54428,54430,54432,54434],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,54415,3554],{"class":53},[47,54417,58],{"class":57},[47,54419,662],{"class":77},[47,54421,193],{"class":61},[47,54423,668],{"class":77},[47,54425,7722],{"class":61},[47,54427,668],{"class":77},[47,54429,7727],{"class":61},[47,54431,668],{"class":77},[47,54433,50769],{"class":61},[47,54435,679],{"class":77},[47,54437,54438],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,54439,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,54441,54442,54444,54446,54448],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,54443,3584],{"class":53},[47,54445,914],{"class":77},[47,54447,11317],{"class":81},[47,54449,8574],{"class":77},[47,54451,54452],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,54453,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,54455,54456,54458,54460,54462],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,54457,99],{"class":98},[47,54459,78],{"class":77},[47,54461,3584],{"class":81},[47,54463,85],{"class":77},[20,54465,129],{},[38,54467,54468],{"className":40,"code":38232,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,54469,54470],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,54471,54472],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,54473,38232],{"class":77},[20,54475,11617],{},[185,54477,54478,54483,54489],{},[188,54479,54480,54482],{},[15,54481,3584],{}," starts with four items",[188,54484,54485,54488],{},[15,54486,54487],{},"numbers.clear()"," removes all of them",[188,54490,54491],{},"Printing the list shows that it is now empty",[20,54493,54494,54495,914],{},"If you are new to lists, see ",[360,54496,52698],{"href":54497},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide",[33,54499,1504],{"id":1503},[20,54501,54502,2346,54504,914],{},[15,54503,11255],{},[15,54505,3713],{},[20,54507,40839,54508,52594],{},[127,54509,768],{},[38,54511,54513],{"className":40,"code":54512,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(items)   # []\nprint(result)  # None\n",[15,54514,54515,54547,54551,54565,54569,54582],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,54516,54517,54519,54521,54523,54525,54527,54529,54531,54533,54535,54537,54539,54541,54543,54545],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,54518,657],{"class":53},[47,54520,58],{"class":57},[47,54522,662],{"class":77},[47,54524,309],{"class":151},[47,54526,360],{"class":155},[47,54528,309],{"class":151},[47,54530,668],{"class":77},[47,54532,303],{"class":151},[47,54534,4696],{"class":155},[47,54536,309],{"class":151},[47,54538,668],{"class":77},[47,54540,303],{"class":151},[47,54542,9671],{"class":155},[47,54544,309],{"class":151},[47,54546,679],{"class":77},[47,54548,54549],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,54550,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,54552,54553,54555,54557,54559,54561,54563],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,54554,2184],{"class":53},[47,54556,58],{"class":57},[47,54558,5900],{"class":53},[47,54560,914],{"class":77},[47,54562,11317],{"class":81},[47,54564,8574],{"class":77},[47,54566,54567],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,54568,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,54570,54571,54573,54575,54577,54579],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,54572,99],{"class":98},[47,54574,78],{"class":77},[47,54576,692],{"class":81},[47,54578,862],{"class":77},[47,54580,54581],{"class":1378},"   # []\n",[47,54583,54584,54586,54588,54590,54592],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,54585,99],{"class":98},[47,54587,78],{"class":77},[47,54589,2218],{"class":81},[47,54591,862],{"class":77},[47,54593,20811],{"class":1378},[20,54595,54596],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. If you write:",[38,54598,54600],{"className":40,"code":54599,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.clear()\nprint(items)\n",[15,54601,54602,54622,54636],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,54603,54604,54606,54608,54610,54612,54614,54616,54618,54620],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,54605,657],{"class":53},[47,54607,58],{"class":57},[47,54609,662],{"class":77},[47,54611,665],{"class":61},[47,54613,668],{"class":77},[47,54615,671],{"class":61},[47,54617,668],{"class":77},[47,54619,676],{"class":61},[47,54621,679],{"class":77},[47,54623,54624,54626,54628,54630,54632,54634],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,54625,657],{"class":53},[47,54627,58],{"class":57},[47,54629,5900],{"class":53},[47,54631,914],{"class":77},[47,54633,11317],{"class":81},[47,54635,8574],{"class":77},[47,54637,54638,54640,54642,54644],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,54639,99],{"class":98},[47,54641,78],{"class":77},[47,54643,692],{"class":81},[47,54645,85],{"class":77},[20,54647,11850,54648,194,54650,54652],{},[15,54649,692],{},[15,54651,3713],{},", not an empty list.",[33,54654,54656,54658,54659],{"id":54655},"clear-vs-assigning",[15,54657,11255],{}," vs assigning ",[15,54660,3722],{},[20,54662,54663],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they are not the same:",[38,54665,54666],{"className":40,"code":54377,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,54667,54668],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,54669,54670,54672,54674,54676],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,54671,8270],{"class":53},[47,54673,914],{"class":77},[47,54675,11317],{"class":81},[47,54677,8574],{"class":77},[38,54679,54681],{"className":40,"code":54680,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list = []\n",[15,54682,54683],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,54684,54685,54687,54689],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,54686,8239],{"class":53},[47,54688,58],{"class":57},[47,54690,7770],{"class":77},[373,54692,54694,54696],{"id":54693},"clear-empties-the-same-list-object",[15,54695,11255],{}," empties the same list object",[38,54698,54700],{"className":40,"code":54699,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # []\n",[15,54701,54702,54722,54730,54734,54744,54748,54760],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,54703,54704,54706,54708,54710,54712,54714,54716,54718,54720],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,54705,2501],{"class":53},[47,54707,58],{"class":57},[47,54709,662],{"class":77},[47,54711,665],{"class":61},[47,54713,668],{"class":77},[47,54715,671],{"class":61},[47,54717,668],{"class":77},[47,54719,676],{"class":61},[47,54721,679],{"class":77},[47,54723,54724,54726,54728],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,54725,2529],{"class":53},[47,54727,58],{"class":57},[47,54729,36109],{"class":53},[47,54731,54732],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,54733,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,54735,54736,54738,54740,54742],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,54737,360],{"class":53},[47,54739,914],{"class":77},[47,54741,11317],{"class":81},[47,54743,8574],{"class":77},[47,54745,54746],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,54747,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,54749,54750,54752,54754,54756,54758],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,54751,99],{"class":98},[47,54753,78],{"class":77},[47,54755,360],{"class":81},[47,54757,862],{"class":77},[47,54759,54333],{"class":1378},[47,54761,54762,54764,54766,54768,54770],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,54763,99],{"class":98},[47,54765,78],{"class":77},[47,54767,4696],{"class":81},[47,54769,862],{"class":77},[47,54771,54333],{"class":1378},[20,54773,10522,54774,4329,54776,54778],{},[15,54775,360],{},[15,54777,4696],{}," point to the same list, so clearing it affects both variables.",[373,54780,54782,54785],{"id":54781},"my_list-creates-a-new-empty-list",[15,54783,54784],{},"my_list = []"," creates a new empty list",[38,54787,54789],{"className":40,"code":54788,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na = []\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,54790,54791,54811,54819,54823,54831,54835,54847],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,54792,54793,54795,54797,54799,54801,54803,54805,54807,54809],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,54794,2501],{"class":53},[47,54796,58],{"class":57},[47,54798,662],{"class":77},[47,54800,665],{"class":61},[47,54802,668],{"class":77},[47,54804,671],{"class":61},[47,54806,668],{"class":77},[47,54808,676],{"class":61},[47,54810,679],{"class":77},[47,54812,54813,54815,54817],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,54814,2529],{"class":53},[47,54816,58],{"class":57},[47,54818,36109],{"class":53},[47,54820,54821],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,54822,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,54824,54825,54827,54829],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,54826,2501],{"class":53},[47,54828,58],{"class":57},[47,54830,7770],{"class":77},[47,54832,54833],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,54834,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,54836,54837,54839,54841,54843,54845],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,54838,99],{"class":98},[47,54840,78],{"class":77},[47,54842,360],{"class":81},[47,54844,862],{"class":77},[47,54846,54333],{"class":1378},[47,54848,54849,54851,54853,54855,54857],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,54850,99],{"class":98},[47,54852,78],{"class":77},[47,54854,4696],{"class":81},[47,54856,862],{"class":77},[47,54858,54859],{"class":1378},"  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[20,54861,267,54862,54864,54865,54867],{},[15,54863,360],{}," now points to a new empty list. But ",[15,54866,4696],{}," still points to the original list.",[20,54869,54870],{},"This difference matters when:",[185,54872,54873,54876,54879],{},[188,54874,54875],{},"Two variables refer to the same list",[188,54877,54878],{},"A list is shared between parts of a program",[188,54880,54881],{},"You want to empty the original list instead of replacing it",[20,54883,54884,54885,914],{},"This idea is also helpful when learning ",[360,54886,54888,54889,10673],{"href":54887},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method\u002F","the list ",[15,54890,12710],{},[33,54892,773,54893],{"id":12371},[15,54894,11255],{},[20,54896,165,54897,6253],{},[15,54898,11255],{},[185,54900,54901,54904,54907],{},[188,54902,54903],{},"Reset a list before reusing it",[188,54905,54906],{},"Empty shared list data in place",[188,54908,54909],{},"Remove all items without deleting the list variable",[20,54911,800],{},[38,54913,54915],{"className":40,"code":54914,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"shopping_cart = [\"milk\", \"bread\", \"eggs\"]\n\n# Order completed, reuse the same list\nshopping_cart.clear()\n\nprint(shopping_cart)  # []\n",[15,54916,54917,54953,54957,54962,54973,54977],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,54918,54919,54922,54924,54926,54928,54931,54933,54935,54937,54940,54942,54944,54946,54949,54951],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,54920,54921],{"class":53},"shopping_cart ",[47,54923,58],{"class":57},[47,54925,662],{"class":77},[47,54927,309],{"class":151},[47,54929,54930],{"class":155},"milk",[47,54932,309],{"class":151},[47,54934,668],{"class":77},[47,54936,303],{"class":151},[47,54938,54939],{"class":155},"bread",[47,54941,309],{"class":151},[47,54943,668],{"class":77},[47,54945,303],{"class":151},[47,54947,54948],{"class":155},"eggs",[47,54950,309],{"class":151},[47,54952,679],{"class":77},[47,54954,54955],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,54956,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,54958,54959],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,54960,54961],{"class":1378},"# Order completed, reuse the same list\n",[47,54963,54964,54967,54969,54971],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,54965,54966],{"class":53},"shopping_cart",[47,54968,914],{"class":77},[47,54970,11317],{"class":81},[47,54972,8574],{"class":77},[47,54974,54975],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,54976,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,54978,54979,54981,54983,54985,54987],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,54980,99],{"class":98},[47,54982,78],{"class":77},[47,54984,54966],{"class":81},[47,54986,862],{"class":77},[47,54988,54333],{"class":1378},[20,54990,54991,54992,54996,54997,55003,55004,914],{},"If you only want to remove one item, see ",[360,54993,54995],{"href":54994},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-an-item-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove an item from a list in Python"," or the ",[360,54998,55000,10673],{"href":54999},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method\u002F",[15,55001,55002],{},"list.remove()",". If you want to remove and return one item, see the ",[360,55005,55007,10673],{"href":55006},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method\u002F",[15,55008,55009],{},"list.pop()",[33,55011,1131],{"id":1130},[373,55013,55015,55016,11025,55019],{"id":55014},"writing-my_listclear-instead-of-my_listclear","Writing ",[15,55017,55018],{},"my_list.clear",[15,55020,55021],{},"my_list.clear()",[20,55023,55024],{},"This does not call the method.",[38,55026,55028],{"className":40,"code":55027,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear\nprint(items)\n",[15,55029,55030,55050,55054,55063],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,55031,55032,55034,55036,55038,55040,55042,55044,55046,55048],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,55033,657],{"class":53},[47,55035,58],{"class":57},[47,55037,662],{"class":77},[47,55039,665],{"class":61},[47,55041,668],{"class":77},[47,55043,671],{"class":61},[47,55045,668],{"class":77},[47,55047,676],{"class":61},[47,55049,679],{"class":77},[47,55051,55052],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,55053,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,55055,55056,55058,55060],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,55057,692],{"class":53},[47,55059,914],{"class":77},[47,55061,55062],{"class":24685},"clear\n",[47,55064,55065,55067,55069,55071],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,55066,99],{"class":98},[47,55068,78],{"class":77},[47,55070,692],{"class":81},[47,55072,85],{"class":77},[20,55074,129],{},[38,55076,55078],{"className":40,"code":55077,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,55079,55080],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,55081,55082,55084,55086,55088,55090,55092,55094],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,55083,736],{"class":77},[47,55085,665],{"class":61},[47,55087,668],{"class":77},[47,55089,671],{"class":61},[47,55091,668],{"class":77},[47,55093,676],{"class":61},[47,55095,679],{"class":77},[20,55097,55098],{},"Nothing changes because the method was not run.",[20,55100,10740],{},[38,55102,55104],{"className":40,"code":55103,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,55105,55106,55126,55130,55140],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,55107,55108,55110,55112,55114,55116,55118,55120,55122,55124],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,55109,657],{"class":53},[47,55111,58],{"class":57},[47,55113,662],{"class":77},[47,55115,665],{"class":61},[47,55117,668],{"class":77},[47,55119,671],{"class":61},[47,55121,668],{"class":77},[47,55123,676],{"class":61},[47,55125,679],{"class":77},[47,55127,55128],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,55129,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,55131,55132,55134,55136,55138],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,55133,692],{"class":53},[47,55135,914],{"class":77},[47,55137,11317],{"class":81},[47,55139,8574],{"class":77},[47,55141,55142,55144,55146,55148,55150],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,55143,99],{"class":98},[47,55145,78],{"class":77},[47,55147,692],{"class":81},[47,55149,862],{"class":77},[47,55151,54333],{"class":1378},[373,55153,1400,55155,55157],{"id":55154},"expecting-clear-to-return-the-emptied-list",[15,55156,11255],{}," to return the emptied list",[20,55159,55160,2346,55162,55164],{},[15,55161,11255],{},[15,55163,3713],{},", not the list.",[38,55166,55168],{"className":40,"code":55167,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(result)  # None\nprint(items)   # []\n",[15,55169,55170,55190,55204,55208,55220],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,55171,55172,55174,55176,55178,55180,55182,55184,55186,55188],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,55173,657],{"class":53},[47,55175,58],{"class":57},[47,55177,662],{"class":77},[47,55179,665],{"class":61},[47,55181,668],{"class":77},[47,55183,671],{"class":61},[47,55185,668],{"class":77},[47,55187,676],{"class":61},[47,55189,679],{"class":77},[47,55191,55192,55194,55196,55198,55200,55202],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,55193,2184],{"class":53},[47,55195,58],{"class":57},[47,55197,5900],{"class":53},[47,55199,914],{"class":77},[47,55201,11317],{"class":81},[47,55203,8574],{"class":77},[47,55205,55206],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,55207,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,55209,55210,55212,55214,55216,55218],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,55211,99],{"class":98},[47,55213,78],{"class":77},[47,55215,2218],{"class":81},[47,55217,862],{"class":77},[47,55219,20811],{"class":1378},[47,55221,55222,55224,55226,55228,55230],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,55223,99],{"class":98},[47,55225,78],{"class":77},[47,55227,692],{"class":81},[47,55229,862],{"class":77},[47,55231,54581],{"class":1378},[373,55233,1335,55235,55237],{"id":55234},"using-clear-on-a-value-that-is-not-a-list",[15,55236,11255],{}," on a value that is not a list",[20,55239,55240,55241,55243],{},"Some types have a ",[15,55242,11255],{}," method, but not all of them.",[20,55245,55246],{},"This will fail:",[38,55248,55250],{"className":40,"code":55249,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.clear()\n",[15,55251,55252,55264],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,55253,55254,55256,55258,55260,55262],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,55255,68],{"class":53},[47,55257,58],{"class":57},[47,55259,303],{"class":151},[47,55261,3781],{"class":155},[47,55263,820],{"class":151},[47,55265,55266,55268,55270,55272],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,55267,104],{"class":53},[47,55269,914],{"class":77},[47,55271,11317],{"class":81},[47,55273,8574],{"class":77},[20,55275,55276,55277,33534],{},"A string does not have a ",[15,55278,11255],{},[20,55280,55281,55282,55284],{},"You may also get errors if your variable is ",[15,55283,3713],{}," or another unexpected type. If that happens, print the type first.",[20,55286,55287],{},"Useful checks:",[38,55289,55291],{"className":40,"code":55290,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(id(my_list))\nother = my_list\nmy_list.clear()\nprint(other)\n",[15,55292,55293,55303,55317,55331,55340,55350],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,55294,55295,55297,55299,55301],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,55296,99],{"class":98},[47,55298,78],{"class":77},[47,55300,8270],{"class":81},[47,55302,85],{"class":77},[47,55304,55305,55307,55309,55311,55313,55315],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,55306,99],{"class":98},[47,55308,78],{"class":77},[47,55310,116],{"class":73},[47,55312,78],{"class":77},[47,55314,8270],{"class":81},[47,55316,123],{"class":77},[47,55318,55319,55321,55323,55325,55327,55329],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,55320,99],{"class":98},[47,55322,78],{"class":77},[47,55324,12583],{"class":98},[47,55326,78],{"class":77},[47,55328,8270],{"class":81},[47,55330,123],{"class":77},[47,55332,55333,55335,55337],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,55334,43480],{"class":53},[47,55336,58],{"class":57},[47,55338,55339],{"class":53}," my_list\n",[47,55341,55342,55344,55346,55348],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,55343,8270],{"class":53},[47,55345,914],{"class":77},[47,55347,11317],{"class":81},[47,55349,8574],{"class":77},[47,55351,55352,55354,55356,55358],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,55353,99],{"class":98},[47,55355,78],{"class":77},[47,55357,30677],{"class":81},[47,55359,85],{"class":77},[20,55361,55362],{},"These can help you see:",[185,55364,55365,55368,55371],{},[188,55366,55367],{},"What the variable currently contains",[188,55369,55370],{},"Whether it is really a list",[188,55372,55373],{},"Whether two variables point to the same object",[20,55375,55376,55377,914],{},"If you run into method-related problems, you may also need help with ",[360,55378,55379],{"href":54223},"fixing attribute errors in Python",[33,55381,1762],{"id":1761},[373,55383,1776,55385,55387],{"id":55384},"does-listclear-delete-the-list",[15,55386,54276],{}," delete the list?",[20,55389,55390],{},"No. It keeps the list object but removes all items from it.",[373,55392,1776,55394,55396],{"id":55393},"does-listclear-return-a-new-list",[15,55395,54276],{}," return a new list?",[20,55398,55399,55400,55402],{},"No. It returns ",[15,55401,3713],{}," and changes the existing list in place.",[373,55404,5111,55406,4329,55408,1812],{"id":55405},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-my_list",[15,55407,11255],{},[15,55409,54784],{},[20,55411,55412,55414,55415,55417],{},[15,55413,11255],{}," empties the same list object. ",[15,55416,54784],{}," points the variable to a new empty list.",[373,55419,28262,55421,55423],{"id":55420},"can-i-use-clear-on-other-types",[15,55422,11255],{}," on other types?",[20,55425,55426,55427,55429],{},"Some types like dictionaries and sets also have ",[15,55428,11255],{},", but strings and tuples do not.",[33,55431,1825],{"id":1824},[185,55433,55434,55438,55443,55450,55457,55463],{},[188,55435,55436],{},[360,55437,52698],{"href":54497},[188,55439,55440],{},[360,55441,55442],{"href":54994},"How to remove an item from a list in Python",[188,55444,55445],{},[360,55446,55447,55448,10673],{"href":55006},"Python list ",[15,55449,12696],{},[188,55451,55452],{},[360,55453,55447,55454,10673],{"href":54999},[15,55455,55456],{},"remove()",[188,55458,55459],{},[360,55460,55447,55461,10673],{"href":54887},[15,55462,12710],{},[188,55464,55465],{},[360,55466,1871,55467,33567],{"href":54223},[15,55468,55469],{},"'list' object has no attribute",[1875,55471,55472],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":65,"depth":65,"links":55474},[55475,55476,55478,55479,55480,55481,55488,55489,55497,55507],{"id":3543,"depth":65,"text":3544},{"id":54341,"depth":65,"text":55477},"What list.clear() does",{"id":244,"depth":65,"text":245},{"id":11408,"depth":65,"text":11409},{"id":1503,"depth":65,"text":1504},{"id":54655,"depth":65,"text":55482,"children":55483},"clear() vs assigning []",[55484,55486],{"id":54693,"depth":88,"text":55485},"clear() empties the same list object",{"id":54781,"depth":88,"text":55487},"my_list = [] creates a new empty list",{"id":12371,"depth":65,"text":12742},{"id":1130,"depth":65,"text":1131,"children":55490},[55491,55493,55495],{"id":55014,"depth":88,"text":55492},"Writing my_list.clear instead of my_list.clear()",{"id":55154,"depth":88,"text":55494},"Expecting clear() to return the emptied list",{"id":55234,"depth":88,"text":55496},"Using clear() on a value that is not a list",{"id":1761,"depth":65,"text":1762,"children":55498},[55499,55501,55503,55505],{"id":55384,"depth":88,"text":55500},"Does list.clear() delete the list?",{"id":55393,"depth":88,"text":55502},"Does list.clear() return a new list?",{"id":55405,"depth":88,"text":55504},"What is the difference between clear() and my_list = []?",{"id":55420,"depth":88,"text":55506},"Can I use clear() on other types?",{"id":1824,"depth":65,"text":1825},"Master python list clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method",{"title":54263,"description":55508},"reference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method","99lr7F7Fwd7-AwSOSGz-bBA8zQ5YwXwJzSYBs0JP2O4",{"id":55515,"title":55516,"body":55517,"description":57201,"extension":1922,"meta":57202,"navigation":91,"path":57203,"seo":57204,"stem":57205,"__hash__":57206},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method.md","Python List copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":55518,"toc":57169},[55519,55524,55530,55538,55540,55629,55636,55641,55645,55659,55661,55738,55740,55801,55804,55806,55808,55829,55832,55846,55849,55894,55896,55904,55907,55913,55919,55922,55999,56001,56046,56049,56054,56137,56139,56180,56185,56189,56195,56197,56205,56208,56301,56303,56361,56364,56380,56385,56395,56400,56402,56407,56412,56415,56417,56474,56477,56530,56536,56541,56545,56562,56564,56648,56650,56691,56699,56701,56706,56712,56714,56777,56782,56852,56856,56891,56894,56896,56935,56939,57015,57021,57027,57032,57054,57057,57076,57084,57086,57092,57095,57102,57110,57115,57118,57122,57128,57135,57138,57140,57166],[10,55520,54269,55522,11256],{"id":55521},"python-list-copy-method",[15,55523,12710],{},[20,55525,55526,55529],{},[15,55527,55528],{},"list.copy()"," creates a new list with the same items as an existing list.",[20,55531,55532,55533,13989,55535,55537],{},"This method is useful when you want to work with a list without changing the original one. It is especially important for beginners because using ",[15,55534,58],{},[127,55536,768],{}," make a real copy.",[33,55539,36],{"id":35},[38,55541,55543],{"className":40,"code":55542,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\nnew_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(new_numbers)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,55544,55545,55565,55580,55584,55599,55603,55616],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,55546,55547,55549,55551,55553,55555,55557,55559,55561,55563],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,55548,3554],{"class":53},[47,55550,58],{"class":57},[47,55552,662],{"class":77},[47,55554,665],{"class":61},[47,55556,668],{"class":77},[47,55558,671],{"class":61},[47,55560,668],{"class":77},[47,55562,676],{"class":61},[47,55564,679],{"class":77},[47,55566,55567,55570,55572,55574,55576,55578],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,55568,55569],{"class":53},"new_numbers ",[47,55571,58],{"class":57},[47,55573,4198],{"class":53},[47,55575,914],{"class":77},[47,55577,12845],{"class":81},[47,55579,8574],{"class":77},[47,55581,55582],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,55583,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,55585,55586,55589,55591,55593,55595,55597],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,55587,55588],{"class":53},"new_numbers",[47,55590,914],{"class":77},[47,55592,13488],{"class":81},[47,55594,78],{"class":77},[47,55596,2451],{"class":61},[47,55598,85],{"class":77},[47,55600,55601],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,55602,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,55604,55605,55607,55609,55611,55613],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,55606,99],{"class":98},[47,55608,78],{"class":77},[47,55610,3584],{"class":81},[47,55612,862],{"class":77},[47,55614,55615],{"class":1378},"      # [1, 2, 3]\n",[47,55617,55618,55620,55622,55624,55626],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,55619,99],{"class":98},[47,55621,78],{"class":77},[47,55623,55588],{"class":81},[47,55625,862],{"class":77},[47,55627,55628],{"class":1378},"  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,55630,165,55631,55633,55634,914],{},[15,55632,55528],{}," when you want a new list object with the same items. This is a ",[127,55635,12784],{},[33,55637,172,55639,175],{"id":55638},"what-listcopy-does",[15,55640,55528],{},[20,55642,55643,2826],{},[15,55644,55528],{},[185,55646,55647,55650,55653,55656],{},[188,55648,55649],{},"Creates a new list with the same items as the original list",[188,55651,55652],{},"Returns that new list",[188,55654,55655],{},"Makes the original list and copied list different objects",[188,55657,55658],{},"Lets you change the new list without affecting the original list when the list contains simple values like numbers or strings",[20,55660,800],{},[38,55662,55664],{"className":40,"code":55663,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ncopied_fruits = fruits.copy()\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(copied_fruits)\n",[15,55665,55666,55698,55713,55717,55727],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,55667,55668,55670,55672,55674,55676,55678,55680,55682,55684,55686,55688,55690,55692,55694,55696],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,55669,36173],{"class":53},[47,55671,58],{"class":57},[47,55673,662],{"class":77},[47,55675,309],{"class":151},[47,55677,1425],{"class":155},[47,55679,309],{"class":151},[47,55681,668],{"class":77},[47,55683,303],{"class":151},[47,55685,1434],{"class":155},[47,55687,309],{"class":151},[47,55689,668],{"class":77},[47,55691,303],{"class":151},[47,55693,1443],{"class":155},[47,55695,309],{"class":151},[47,55697,679],{"class":77},[47,55699,55700,55703,55705,55707,55709,55711],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,55701,55702],{"class":53},"copied_fruits ",[47,55704,58],{"class":57},[47,55706,52778],{"class":53},[47,55708,914],{"class":77},[47,55710,12845],{"class":81},[47,55712,8574],{"class":77},[47,55714,55715],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,55716,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,55718,55719,55721,55723,55725],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,55720,99],{"class":98},[47,55722,78],{"class":77},[47,55724,36225],{"class":81},[47,55726,85],{"class":77},[47,55728,55729,55731,55733,55736],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,55730,99],{"class":98},[47,55732,78],{"class":77},[47,55734,55735],{"class":81},"copied_fruits",[47,55737,85],{"class":77},[20,55739,129],{},[38,55741,55743],{"className":40,"code":55742,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,55744,55745,55773],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,55746,55747,55749,55751,55753,55755,55757,55759,55761,55763,55765,55767,55769,55771],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,55748,736],{"class":77},[47,55750,159],{"class":151},[47,55752,1425],{"class":155},[47,55754,159],{"class":151},[47,55756,668],{"class":77},[47,55758,152],{"class":151},[47,55760,1434],{"class":155},[47,55762,159],{"class":151},[47,55764,668],{"class":77},[47,55766,152],{"class":151},[47,55768,1443],{"class":155},[47,55770,159],{"class":151},[47,55772,679],{"class":77},[47,55774,55775,55777,55779,55781,55783,55785,55787,55789,55791,55793,55795,55797,55799],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,55776,736],{"class":77},[47,55778,159],{"class":151},[47,55780,1425],{"class":155},[47,55782,159],{"class":151},[47,55784,668],{"class":77},[47,55786,152],{"class":151},[47,55788,1434],{"class":155},[47,55790,159],{"class":151},[47,55792,668],{"class":77},[47,55794,152],{"class":151},[47,55796,1443],{"class":155},[47,55798,159],{"class":151},[47,55800,679],{"class":77},[20,55802,55803],{},"Even though the contents are the same, these are two different lists.",[33,55805,245],{"id":244},[20,55807,2117],{},[38,55809,55811],{"className":40,"code":55810,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"new_list = old_list.copy()\n",[15,55812,55813],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,55814,55815,55818,55820,55823,55825,55827],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,55816,55817],{"class":53},"new_list ",[47,55819,58],{"class":57},[47,55821,55822],{"class":53}," old_list",[47,55824,914],{"class":77},[47,55826,12845],{"class":81},[47,55828,8574],{"class":77},[20,55830,55831],{},"How it works:",[185,55833,55834,55840,55843],{},[188,55835,55836,55837,55839],{},"Call ",[15,55838,12710],{}," on an existing list",[188,55841,55842],{},"Save the returned value in a new variable",[188,55844,55845],{},"Use the new variable as your copied list",[20,55847,55848],{},"Example with an empty list:",[38,55850,55852],{"className":40,"code":55851,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"empty_list = []\nnew_empty_list = empty_list.copy()\n\nprint(new_empty_list)\n",[15,55853,55854,55863,55879,55883],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,55855,55856,55859,55861],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,55857,55858],{"class":53},"empty_list ",[47,55860,58],{"class":57},[47,55862,7770],{"class":77},[47,55864,55865,55868,55870,55873,55875,55877],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,55866,55867],{"class":53},"new_empty_list ",[47,55869,58],{"class":57},[47,55871,55872],{"class":53}," empty_list",[47,55874,914],{"class":77},[47,55876,12845],{"class":81},[47,55878,8574],{"class":77},[47,55880,55881],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,55882,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,55884,55885,55887,55889,55892],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,55886,99],{"class":98},[47,55888,78],{"class":77},[47,55890,55891],{"class":81},"new_empty_list",[47,55893,85],{"class":77},[20,55895,129],{},[38,55897,55898],{"className":40,"code":38232,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,55899,55900],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,55901,55902],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,55903,38232],{"class":77},[20,55905,55906],{},"This works for both empty and non-empty lists.",[33,55908,55910,55911],{"id":55909},"why-not-use","Why not use ",[15,55912,58],{},[20,55914,1335,55915,13989,55917,52594],{},[15,55916,58],{},[127,55918,768],{},[20,55920,55921],{},"It only creates a new variable that points to the same list in memory.",[38,55923,55925],{"className":40,"code":55924,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nsame_list = numbers\n\nsame_list.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(same_list)\n",[15,55926,55927,55947,55956,55960,55975,55979,55989],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,55928,55929,55931,55933,55935,55937,55939,55941,55943,55945],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,55930,3554],{"class":53},[47,55932,58],{"class":57},[47,55934,662],{"class":77},[47,55936,665],{"class":61},[47,55938,668],{"class":77},[47,55940,671],{"class":61},[47,55942,668],{"class":77},[47,55944,676],{"class":61},[47,55946,679],{"class":77},[47,55948,55949,55952,55954],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,55950,55951],{"class":53},"same_list ",[47,55953,58],{"class":57},[47,55955,43913],{"class":53},[47,55957,55958],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,55959,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,55961,55962,55965,55967,55969,55971,55973],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,55963,55964],{"class":53},"same_list",[47,55966,914],{"class":77},[47,55968,13488],{"class":81},[47,55970,78],{"class":77},[47,55972,2451],{"class":61},[47,55974,85],{"class":77},[47,55976,55977],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,55978,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,55980,55981,55983,55985,55987],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,55982,99],{"class":98},[47,55984,78],{"class":77},[47,55986,3584],{"class":81},[47,55988,85],{"class":77},[47,55990,55991,55993,55995,55997],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,55992,99],{"class":98},[47,55994,78],{"class":77},[47,55996,55964],{"class":81},[47,55998,85],{"class":77},[20,56000,129],{},[38,56002,56004],{"className":40,"code":56003,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56005,56006,56026],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,56007,56008,56010,56012,56014,56016,56018,56020,56022,56024],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,56009,736],{"class":77},[47,56011,665],{"class":61},[47,56013,668],{"class":77},[47,56015,671],{"class":61},[47,56017,668],{"class":77},[47,56019,676],{"class":61},[47,56021,668],{"class":77},[47,56023,2404],{"class":61},[47,56025,679],{"class":77},[47,56027,56028,56030,56032,56034,56036,56038,56040,56042,56044],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,56029,736],{"class":77},[47,56031,665],{"class":61},[47,56033,668],{"class":77},[47,56035,671],{"class":61},[47,56037,668],{"class":77},[47,56039,676],{"class":61},[47,56041,668],{"class":77},[47,56043,2404],{"class":61},[47,56045,679],{"class":77},[20,56047,56048],{},"Both variables refer to the same list, so changing one also changes the other.",[20,56050,56051,56052,2826],{},"Now compare that with ",[15,56053,12710],{},[38,56055,56057],{"className":40,"code":56056,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\ncopied_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(copied_numbers)\n",[15,56058,56059,56079,56094,56098,56113,56117,56127],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,56060,56061,56063,56065,56067,56069,56071,56073,56075,56077],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,56062,3554],{"class":53},[47,56064,58],{"class":57},[47,56066,662],{"class":77},[47,56068,665],{"class":61},[47,56070,668],{"class":77},[47,56072,671],{"class":61},[47,56074,668],{"class":77},[47,56076,676],{"class":61},[47,56078,679],{"class":77},[47,56080,56081,56084,56086,56088,56090,56092],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,56082,56083],{"class":53},"copied_numbers ",[47,56085,58],{"class":57},[47,56087,4198],{"class":53},[47,56089,914],{"class":77},[47,56091,12845],{"class":81},[47,56093,8574],{"class":77},[47,56095,56096],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,56097,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,56099,56100,56103,56105,56107,56109,56111],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,56101,56102],{"class":53},"copied_numbers",[47,56104,914],{"class":77},[47,56106,13488],{"class":81},[47,56108,78],{"class":77},[47,56110,2451],{"class":61},[47,56112,85],{"class":77},[47,56114,56115],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,56116,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,56118,56119,56121,56123,56125],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,56120,99],{"class":98},[47,56122,78],{"class":77},[47,56124,3584],{"class":81},[47,56126,85],{"class":77},[47,56128,56129,56131,56133,56135],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,56130,99],{"class":98},[47,56132,78],{"class":77},[47,56134,56102],{"class":81},[47,56136,85],{"class":77},[20,56138,129],{},[38,56140,56142],{"className":40,"code":56141,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56143,56144,56160],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,56145,56146,56148,56150,56152,56154,56156,56158],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,56147,736],{"class":77},[47,56149,665],{"class":61},[47,56151,668],{"class":77},[47,56153,671],{"class":61},[47,56155,668],{"class":77},[47,56157,676],{"class":61},[47,56159,679],{"class":77},[47,56161,56162,56164,56166,56168,56170,56172,56174,56176,56178],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,56163,736],{"class":77},[47,56165,665],{"class":61},[47,56167,668],{"class":77},[47,56169,671],{"class":61},[47,56171,668],{"class":77},[47,56173,676],{"class":61},[47,56175,668],{"class":77},[47,56177,2404],{"class":61},[47,56179,679],{"class":77},[20,56181,56182,56183,914],{},"If you want to learn more about creating and working with lists, see ",[360,56184,52698],{"href":50905},[33,56186,56188],{"id":56187},"shallow-copy-meaning","Shallow copy meaning",[20,56190,56191,12781,56193,914],{},[15,56192,55528],{},[127,56194,12784],{},[20,56196,183],{},[185,56198,56199,56202],{},[188,56200,56201],{},"The outer list is new",[188,56203,56204],{},"But nested mutable items inside it can still be shared",[20,56206,56207],{},"This matters when your list contains other lists.",[38,56209,56211],{"className":40,"code":56210,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,56212,56213,56240,56254,56258,56277,56281,56291],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,56214,56215,56217,56219,56222,56224,56226,56228,56230,56232,56234,56236,56238],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,56216,12020],{"class":53},[47,56218,58],{"class":57},[47,56220,56221],{"class":77}," [[",[47,56223,665],{"class":61},[47,56225,668],{"class":77},[47,56227,671],{"class":61},[47,56229,17997],{"class":77},[47,56231,662],{"class":77},[47,56233,2021],{"class":61},[47,56235,668],{"class":77},[47,56237,2404],{"class":61},[47,56239,53169],{"class":77},[47,56241,56242,56244,56246,56248,56250,56252],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,56243,14246],{"class":53},[47,56245,58],{"class":57},[47,56247,12095],{"class":53},[47,56249,914],{"class":77},[47,56251,12845],{"class":81},[47,56253,8574],{"class":77},[47,56255,56256],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,56257,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,56259,56260,56262,56264,56266,56268,56270,56272,56275],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,56261,14265],{"class":53},[47,56263,736],{"class":77},[47,56265,2077],{"class":61},[47,56267,13485],{"class":77},[47,56269,13488],{"class":81},[47,56271,78],{"class":77},[47,56273,56274],{"class":61},"99",[47,56276,85],{"class":77},[47,56278,56279],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,56280,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,56282,56283,56285,56287,56289],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,56284,99],{"class":98},[47,56286,78],{"class":77},[47,56288,12067],{"class":81},[47,56290,85],{"class":77},[47,56292,56293,56295,56297,56299],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,56294,99],{"class":98},[47,56296,78],{"class":77},[47,56298,14265],{"class":81},[47,56300,85],{"class":77},[20,56302,129],{},[38,56304,56306],{"className":40,"code":56305,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,56307,56308,56335],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,56309,56310,56313,56315,56317,56319,56321,56323,56325,56327,56329,56331,56333],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,56311,56312],{"class":77},"[[",[47,56314,665],{"class":61},[47,56316,668],{"class":77},[47,56318,671],{"class":61},[47,56320,668],{"class":77},[47,56322,10129],{"class":61},[47,56324,17997],{"class":77},[47,56326,662],{"class":77},[47,56328,2021],{"class":61},[47,56330,668],{"class":77},[47,56332,2404],{"class":61},[47,56334,53169],{"class":77},[47,56336,56337,56339,56341,56343,56345,56347,56349,56351,56353,56355,56357,56359],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,56338,56312],{"class":77},[47,56340,665],{"class":61},[47,56342,668],{"class":77},[47,56344,671],{"class":61},[47,56346,668],{"class":77},[47,56348,10129],{"class":61},[47,56350,17997],{"class":77},[47,56352,662],{"class":77},[47,56354,2021],{"class":61},[47,56356,668],{"class":77},[47,56358,2404],{"class":61},[47,56360,53169],{"class":77},[20,56362,56363],{},"Why did both change?",[185,56365,56366,56373],{},[188,56367,56368,4329,56370,56372],{},[15,56369,12067],{},[15,56371,14265],{}," are different outer lists",[188,56374,56375,56376,56379],{},"But the inner list ",[15,56377,56378],{},"original[0]"," is the same object in both lists",[20,56381,53580,56382,56384],{},[15,56383,12710],{}," is usually safe for simple lists like:",[185,56386,56387,56390,56393],{},[188,56388,56389],{},"Numbers",[188,56391,56392],{},"Strings",[188,56394,40528],{},[20,56396,56397,56398,914],{},"If you need to understand this better, read ",[360,56399,13726],{"href":13725},[33,56401,1504],{"id":1503},[20,56403,56404,56406],{},[15,56405,55528],{}," returns a new list.",[20,56408,40839,56409,56411],{},[127,56410,768],{}," change the original list by itself.",[20,56413,56414],{},"You must save the result if you want to use the copied list.",[20,56416,16591],{},[38,56418,56420],{"className":40,"code":56419,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,56421,56422,56446,56460,56464],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,56423,56424,56426,56428,56430,56432,56434,56436,56438,56440,56442,56444],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,56425,13010],{"class":53},[47,56427,58],{"class":57},[47,56429,662],{"class":77},[47,56431,309],{"class":151},[47,56433,13027],{"class":155},[47,56435,309],{"class":151},[47,56437,668],{"class":77},[47,56439,303],{"class":151},[47,56441,13044],{"class":155},[47,56443,309],{"class":151},[47,56445,679],{"class":77},[47,56447,56448,56450,56452,56454,56456,56458],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,56449,13053],{"class":53},[47,56451,58],{"class":57},[47,56453,13058],{"class":53},[47,56455,914],{"class":77},[47,56457,12845],{"class":81},[47,56459,8574],{"class":77},[47,56461,56462],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,56463,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,56465,56466,56468,56470,56472],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,56467,99],{"class":98},[47,56469,78],{"class":77},[47,56471,13077],{"class":81},[47,56473,85],{"class":77},[20,56475,56476],{},"Incorrect if you expected a saved copy:",[38,56478,56480],{"className":40,"code":56479,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.copy()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,56481,56482,56506,56516,56520],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,56483,56484,56486,56488,56490,56492,56494,56496,56498,56500,56502,56504],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,56485,13010],{"class":53},[47,56487,58],{"class":57},[47,56489,662],{"class":77},[47,56491,309],{"class":151},[47,56493,13027],{"class":155},[47,56495,309],{"class":151},[47,56497,668],{"class":77},[47,56499,303],{"class":151},[47,56501,13044],{"class":155},[47,56503,309],{"class":151},[47,56505,679],{"class":77},[47,56507,56508,56510,56512,56514],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,56509,17437],{"class":53},[47,56511,914],{"class":77},[47,56513,12845],{"class":81},[47,56515,8574],{"class":77},[47,56517,56518],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,56519,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,56521,56522,56524,56526,56528],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,56523,99],{"class":98},[47,56525,78],{"class":77},[47,56527,17437],{"class":81},[47,56529,85],{"class":77},[20,56531,56532,56533,56535],{},"In the second example, ",[15,56534,12710],{}," runs, but the returned list is not stored anywhere.",[33,56537,773,56539],{"id":56538},"when-to-use-listcopy",[15,56540,55528],{},[20,56542,165,56543,10533],{},[15,56544,55528],{},[185,56546,56547,56550,56553,56556],{},[188,56548,56549],{},"You want to edit a list without changing the original",[188,56551,56552],{},"You want to pass a list to code that may modify it",[188,56554,56555],{},"You want a simple backup before making changes",[188,56557,56558,56559],{},"You want a clear alternative to slicing with ",[15,56560,56561],{},"[:]",[20,56563,800],{},[38,56565,56567],{"className":40,"code":56566,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"scores = [10, 20, 30]\nbackup_scores = scores.copy()\n\nscores.append(40)\n\nprint(scores)\nprint(backup_scores)\n",[15,56568,56569,56589,56604,56608,56623,56627,56637],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,56570,56571,56573,56575,56577,56579,56581,56583,56585,56587],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,56572,4998],{"class":53},[47,56574,58],{"class":57},[47,56576,662],{"class":77},[47,56578,193],{"class":61},[47,56580,668],{"class":77},[47,56582,7722],{"class":61},[47,56584,668],{"class":77},[47,56586,7727],{"class":61},[47,56588,679],{"class":77},[47,56590,56591,56594,56596,56598,56600,56602],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,56592,56593],{"class":53},"backup_scores ",[47,56595,58],{"class":57},[47,56597,5044],{"class":53},[47,56599,914],{"class":77},[47,56601,12845],{"class":81},[47,56603,8574],{"class":77},[47,56605,56606],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,56607,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,56609,56610,56612,56614,56616,56618,56621],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,56611,16324],{"class":53},[47,56613,914],{"class":77},[47,56615,13488],{"class":81},[47,56617,78],{"class":77},[47,56619,56620],{"class":61},"40",[47,56622,85],{"class":77},[47,56624,56625],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,56626,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,56628,56629,56631,56633,56635],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,56630,99],{"class":98},[47,56632,78],{"class":77},[47,56634,16324],{"class":81},[47,56636,85],{"class":77},[47,56638,56639,56641,56643,56646],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,56640,99],{"class":98},[47,56642,78],{"class":77},[47,56644,56645],{"class":81},"backup_scores",[47,56647,85],{"class":77},[20,56649,129],{},[38,56651,56653],{"className":40,"code":56652,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[10, 20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,56654,56655,56675],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,56656,56657,56659,56661,56663,56665,56667,56669,56671,56673],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,56658,736],{"class":77},[47,56660,193],{"class":61},[47,56662,668],{"class":77},[47,56664,7722],{"class":61},[47,56666,668],{"class":77},[47,56668,7727],{"class":61},[47,56670,668],{"class":77},[47,56672,50769],{"class":61},[47,56674,679],{"class":77},[47,56676,56677,56679,56681,56683,56685,56687,56689],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,56678,736],{"class":77},[47,56680,193],{"class":61},[47,56682,668],{"class":77},[47,56684,7722],{"class":61},[47,56686,668],{"class":77},[47,56688,7727],{"class":61},[47,56690,679],{"class":77},[20,56692,56693,56694,914],{},"If you want to add items after copying, see ",[360,56695,55447,56697,10673],{"href":56696},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method\u002F",[15,56698,52579],{},[33,56700,1131],{"id":1130},[20,56702,56703,56704,914],{},"Here are the most common problems with ",[15,56705,55528],{},[373,56707,1335,56709,56711],{"id":56708},"using-and-expecting-a-real-copy",[15,56710,58],{}," and expecting a real copy",[20,56713,39134],{},[38,56715,56717],{"className":40,"code":56716,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56718,56719,56739,56747,56761,56765],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,56720,56721,56723,56725,56727,56729,56731,56733,56735,56737],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,56722,2501],{"class":53},[47,56724,58],{"class":57},[47,56726,662],{"class":77},[47,56728,665],{"class":61},[47,56730,668],{"class":77},[47,56732,671],{"class":61},[47,56734,668],{"class":77},[47,56736,676],{"class":61},[47,56738,679],{"class":77},[47,56740,56741,56743,56745],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,56742,2529],{"class":53},[47,56744,58],{"class":57},[47,56746,36109],{"class":53},[47,56748,56749,56751,56753,56755,56757,56759],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,56750,4696],{"class":53},[47,56752,914],{"class":77},[47,56754,13488],{"class":81},[47,56756,78],{"class":77},[47,56758,2451],{"class":61},[47,56760,85],{"class":77},[47,56762,56763],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,56764,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,56766,56767,56769,56771,56773,56775],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,56768,99],{"class":98},[47,56770,78],{"class":77},[47,56772,360],{"class":81},[47,56774,862],{"class":77},[47,56776,55628],{"class":1378},[20,56778,56779,56780,6565],{},"Fix: use ",[15,56781,12710],{},[38,56783,56785],{"className":40,"code":56784,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a.copy()\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,56786,56787,56807,56822,56836,56840],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,56788,56789,56791,56793,56795,56797,56799,56801,56803,56805],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,56790,2501],{"class":53},[47,56792,58],{"class":57},[47,56794,662],{"class":77},[47,56796,665],{"class":61},[47,56798,668],{"class":77},[47,56800,671],{"class":61},[47,56802,668],{"class":77},[47,56804,676],{"class":61},[47,56806,679],{"class":77},[47,56808,56809,56811,56813,56816,56818,56820],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,56810,2529],{"class":53},[47,56812,58],{"class":57},[47,56814,56815],{"class":53}," a",[47,56817,914],{"class":77},[47,56819,12845],{"class":81},[47,56821,8574],{"class":77},[47,56823,56824,56826,56828,56830,56832,56834],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,56825,4696],{"class":53},[47,56827,914],{"class":77},[47,56829,13488],{"class":81},[47,56831,78],{"class":77},[47,56833,2451],{"class":61},[47,56835,85],{"class":77},[47,56837,56838],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,56839,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,56841,56842,56844,56846,56848,56850],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,56843,99],{"class":98},[47,56845,78],{"class":77},[47,56847,360],{"class":81},[47,56849,862],{"class":77},[47,56851,54859],{"class":1378},[373,56853,56855],{"id":56854},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-list","Forgetting to save the returned list",[38,56857,56859],{"className":40,"code":56858,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.copy()\n",[15,56860,56861,56881],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,56862,56863,56865,56867,56869,56871,56873,56875,56877,56879],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,56864,3554],{"class":53},[47,56866,58],{"class":57},[47,56868,662],{"class":77},[47,56870,665],{"class":61},[47,56872,668],{"class":77},[47,56874,671],{"class":61},[47,56876,668],{"class":77},[47,56878,676],{"class":61},[47,56880,679],{"class":77},[47,56882,56883,56885,56887,56889],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,56884,3584],{"class":53},[47,56886,914],{"class":77},[47,56888,12845],{"class":81},[47,56890,8574],{"class":77},[20,56892,56893],{},"This creates a copy, but you do not keep it.",[20,56895,39197],{},[38,56897,56899],{"className":40,"code":56898,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n",[15,56900,56901,56921],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,56902,56903,56905,56907,56909,56911,56913,56915,56917,56919],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,56904,3554],{"class":53},[47,56906,58],{"class":57},[47,56908,662],{"class":77},[47,56910,665],{"class":61},[47,56912,668],{"class":77},[47,56914,671],{"class":61},[47,56916,668],{"class":77},[47,56918,676],{"class":61},[47,56920,679],{"class":77},[47,56922,56923,56925,56927,56929,56931,56933],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,56924,56083],{"class":53},[47,56926,58],{"class":57},[47,56928,4198],{"class":53},[47,56930,914],{"class":77},[47,56932,12845],{"class":81},[47,56934,8574],{"class":77},[373,56936,56938],{"id":56937},"assuming-nested-lists-are-fully-copied","Assuming nested lists are fully copied",[38,56940,56942],{"className":40,"code":56941,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = [[1], [2]]\nb = a.copy()\n\nb[0].append(99)\n\nprint(a)  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[15,56943,56944,56962,56976,56980,56998,57002],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,56945,56946,56948,56950,56952,56954,56956,56958,56960],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,56947,2501],{"class":53},[47,56949,58],{"class":57},[47,56951,56221],{"class":77},[47,56953,665],{"class":61},[47,56955,17997],{"class":77},[47,56957,662],{"class":77},[47,56959,2016],{"class":61},[47,56961,53169],{"class":77},[47,56963,56964,56966,56968,56970,56972,56974],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,56965,2529],{"class":53},[47,56967,58],{"class":57},[47,56969,56815],{"class":53},[47,56971,914],{"class":77},[47,56973,12845],{"class":81},[47,56975,8574],{"class":77},[47,56977,56978],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,56979,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,56981,56982,56984,56986,56988,56990,56992,56994,56996],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,56983,4696],{"class":53},[47,56985,736],{"class":77},[47,56987,2077],{"class":61},[47,56989,13485],{"class":77},[47,56991,13488],{"class":81},[47,56993,78],{"class":77},[47,56995,56274],{"class":61},[47,56997,85],{"class":77},[47,56999,57000],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,57001,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,57003,57004,57006,57008,57010,57012],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,57005,99],{"class":98},[47,57007,78],{"class":77},[47,57009,360],{"class":81},[47,57011,862],{"class":77},[47,57013,57014],{"class":1378},"  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[20,57016,57017,57018,57020],{},"Fix: remember that ",[15,57019,55528],{}," is shallow.",[373,57022,25551,57024,57026],{"id":57023},"trying-to-use-copy-on-the-wrong-data-type",[15,57025,12710],{}," on the wrong data type",[20,57028,57029,57031],{},[15,57030,12710],{}," here is a list method, so the value must be a list.",[38,57033,57035],{"className":40,"code":57034,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"Alice\"\n# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[15,57036,57037,57049],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,57038,57039,57041,57043,57045,57047],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,57040,810],{"class":53},[47,57042,58],{"class":57},[47,57044,303],{"class":151},[47,57046,4938],{"class":155},[47,57048,820],{"class":151},[47,57050,57051],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,57052,57053],{"class":1378},"# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[20,57055,57056],{},"If you are not sure what the variable contains, check its type:",[38,57058,57060],{"className":40,"code":57059,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(type(name))\n",[15,57061,57062],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,57063,57064,57066,57068,57070,57072,57074],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,57065,99],{"class":98},[47,57067,78],{"class":77},[47,57069,116],{"class":73},[47,57071,78],{"class":77},[47,57073,7601],{"class":81},[47,57075,123],{"class":77},[20,57077,57078,57079,57083],{},"You can also review ",[360,57080,57082],{"href":57081},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list\u002F","creating a list in Python"," if you need a quick refresher.",[33,57085,1762],{"id":1761},[373,57087,1776,57089,57091],{"id":57088},"does-listcopy-change-the-original-list",[15,57090,55528],{}," change the original list?",[20,57093,57094],{},"No. It returns a new list. The original list stays the same unless you change it separately.",[373,57096,5111,57098,4329,57100,1812],{"id":57097},"what-is-the-difference-between-listcopy-and",[15,57099,55528],{},[15,57101,58],{},[20,57103,57104,57106,57107,57109],{},[15,57105,12710],{}," creates a new list. ",[15,57108,58],{}," creates another reference to the same list.",[373,57111,1806,57113,14840],{"id":57112},"is-listcopy-a-deep-copy",[15,57114,55528],{},[20,57116,57117],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable items are still shared.",[373,57119,57121],{"id":57120},"can-i-copy-an-empty-list","Can I copy an empty list?",[20,57123,42085,57124,57127],{},[15,57125,57126],{},"empty_list.copy()"," returns another empty list.",[373,57129,1806,57131,1809,57133,1812],{"id":57130},"is-listcopy-the-same-as",[15,57132,55528],{},[15,57134,56561],{},[20,57136,57137],{},"For basic list copying, yes. Both create a shallow copy of the list.",[33,57139,1825],{"id":1824},[185,57141,57142,57147,57151,57156,57162],{},[188,57143,57144],{},[360,57145,14899],{"href":57146},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python\u002F",[188,57148,57149],{},[360,57150,52698],{"href":50905},[188,57152,57153],{},[360,57154,57155],{"href":57081},"Creating a list in Python",[188,57157,57158],{},[360,57159,55447,57160,10673],{"href":56696},[15,57161,52579],{},[188,57163,57164],{},[360,57165,13726],{"href":13725},[1875,57167,57168],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":65,"depth":65,"links":57170},[57171,57172,57174,57175,57177,57178,57179,57181,57189,57200],{"id":35,"depth":65,"text":36},{"id":55638,"depth":65,"text":57173},"What list.copy() does",{"id":244,"depth":65,"text":245},{"id":55909,"depth":65,"text":57176},"Why not use =",{"id":56187,"depth":65,"text":56188},{"id":1503,"depth":65,"text":1504},{"id":56538,"depth":65,"text":57180},"When to use list.copy()",{"id":1130,"depth":65,"text":1131,"children":57182},[57183,57185,57186,57187],{"id":56708,"depth":88,"text":57184},"Using = and expecting a real copy",{"id":56854,"depth":88,"text":56855},{"id":56937,"depth":88,"text":56938},{"id":57023,"depth":88,"text":57188},"Trying to use copy() on the wrong data type",{"id":1761,"depth":65,"text":1762,"children":57190},[57191,57193,57195,57197,57198],{"id":57088,"depth":88,"text":57192},"Does list.copy() change the original list?",{"id":57097,"depth":88,"text":57194},"What is the difference between list.copy() and =?",{"id":57112,"depth":88,"text":57196},"Is list.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":57120,"depth":88,"text":57121},{"id":57130,"depth":88,"text":57199},"Is list.copy() the same as [:]?",{"id":1824,"depth":65,"text":1825},"Master python list copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method",{"title":55516,"description":57201},"reference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method","11yUo2QbfqRZ7h2dQr_jV0K1th-3cpd3G63JAUj7QoI",{"id":57208,"title":57209,"body":57210,"description":58952,"extension":1922,"meta":58953,"navigation":91,"path":58954,"seo":58955,"stem":58956,"__hash__":58957},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method.md","Python List count() Method",{"type":7,"value":57211,"toc":58911},[57212,57218,57224,57227,57238,57241,57243,57306,57312,57317,57321,57335,57338,57343,57348,57350,57352,57371,57383,57385,57452,57454,57462,57467,57469,57477,57480,57497,57499,57623,57634,57638,57643,57646,57648,57666,57670,57756,57765,57773,57842,57844,57847,57859,57864,57868,57939,57942,57946,57950,58015,58017,58025,58029,58112,58114,58122,58126,58187,58189,58197,58201,58288,58290,58298,58303,58308,58311,58322,58324,58409,58414,58423,58425,58429,58433,58438,58500,58504,58512,58518,58527,58532,58581,58584,58605,58609,58671,58678,58683,58686,58773,58776,58787,58790,58810,58812,58818,58821,58825,58829,58835,58838,58844,58851,58859,58870,58872,58908],[10,57213,54269,57215,11256],{"id":57214},"python-list-count-method",[15,57216,57217],{},"count()",[20,57219,57220,57223],{},[15,57221,57222],{},"list.count()"," tells you how many times one value appears in a list.",[20,57225,57226],{},"It is a useful method when you want to:",[185,57228,57229,57232,57235],{},[188,57230,57231],{},"count one specific item",[188,57233,57234],{},"check whether a value appears more than once",[188,57236,57237],{},"quickly see how many matches exist",[20,57239,57240],{},"It returns a number and does not change the original list.",[33,57242,3544],{"id":3543},[38,57244,57246],{"className":40,"code":57245,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 2]\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,57247,57248,57276,57294],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,57249,57250,57252,57254,57256,57258,57260,57262,57264,57266,57268,57270,57272,57274],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,57251,3554],{"class":53},[47,57253,58],{"class":57},[47,57255,662],{"class":77},[47,57257,665],{"class":61},[47,57259,668],{"class":77},[47,57261,671],{"class":61},[47,57263,668],{"class":77},[47,57265,671],{"class":61},[47,57267,668],{"class":77},[47,57269,676],{"class":61},[47,57271,668],{"class":77},[47,57273,671],{"class":61},[47,57275,679],{"class":77},[47,57277,57278,57280,57282,57284,57286,57288,57290,57292],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,57279,2184],{"class":53},[47,57281,58],{"class":57},[47,57283,4198],{"class":53},[47,57285,914],{"class":77},[47,57287,41193],{"class":81},[47,57289,78],{"class":77},[47,57291,2016],{"class":61},[47,57293,85],{"class":77},[47,57295,57296,57298,57300,57302,57304],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,57297,99],{"class":98},[47,57299,78],{"class":77},[47,57301,2218],{"class":81},[47,57303,862],{"class":77},[47,57305,50696],{"class":1378},[20,57307,165,57308,57311],{},[15,57309,57310],{},"list.count(value)"," to count how many times one value appears in a list.",[33,57313,172,57315,175],{"id":57314},"what-listcount-does",[15,57316,57222],{},[20,57318,57319,2826],{},[15,57320,57222],{},[185,57322,57323,57326,57329,57332],{},[188,57324,57325],{},"counts how many times a given value appears in a list",[188,57327,57328],{},"returns an integer",[188,57330,57331],{},"does not change the original list",[188,57333,57334],{},"checks for exact matches",[20,57336,57337],{},"This means Python looks through the whole list and compares each item to the value you gave it.",[20,57339,57340,57341,914],{},"If the value appears 3 times, the method returns ",[15,57342,2021],{},[20,57344,57345,57346,914],{},"If it does not appear at all, the method returns ",[15,57347,2077],{},[33,57349,245],{"id":244},[20,57351,2117],{},[38,57353,57355],{"className":40,"code":57354,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list.count(value)\n",[15,57356,57357],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,57358,57359,57361,57363,57365,57367,57369],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,57360,8270],{"class":53},[47,57362,914],{"class":77},[47,57364,41193],{"class":81},[47,57366,78],{"class":77},[47,57368,585],{"class":81},[47,57370,85],{"class":77},[185,57372,57373,57378],{},[188,57374,57375,57377],{},[15,57376,8270],{}," is the list you want to search",[188,57379,57380,57382],{},[15,57381,585],{}," is the item you want to count",[20,57384,800],{},[38,57386,57388],{"className":40,"code":57387,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"a\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,57389,57390,57430],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,57391,57392,57394,57396,57398,57400,57402,57404,57406,57408,57410,57412,57414,57416,57418,57420,57422,57424,57426,57428],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,57393,36024],{"class":53},[47,57395,58],{"class":57},[47,57397,662],{"class":77},[47,57399,309],{"class":151},[47,57401,360],{"class":155},[47,57403,309],{"class":151},[47,57405,668],{"class":77},[47,57407,303],{"class":151},[47,57409,4696],{"class":155},[47,57411,309],{"class":151},[47,57413,668],{"class":77},[47,57415,303],{"class":151},[47,57417,360],{"class":155},[47,57419,309],{"class":151},[47,57421,668],{"class":77},[47,57423,303],{"class":151},[47,57425,9671],{"class":155},[47,57427,309],{"class":151},[47,57429,679],{"class":77},[47,57431,57432,57434,57436,57438,57440,57442,57444,57446,57448,57450],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,57433,99],{"class":98},[47,57435,78],{"class":77},[47,57437,36077],{"class":81},[47,57439,914],{"class":77},[47,57441,41193],{"class":81},[47,57443,78],{"class":77},[47,57445,309],{"class":151},[47,57447,360],{"class":155},[47,57449,309],{"class":151},[47,57451,123],{"class":77},[20,57453,129],{},[38,57455,57456],{"className":40,"code":16992,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,57457,57458],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,57459,57460],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,57461,16992],{"class":61},[20,57463,57464,57465,914],{},"Python checks the whole list. If the value is not found, it returns ",[15,57466,2077],{},[33,57468,37955],{"id":37954},[20,57470,57471,57472,57474,57475,914],{},"The return value from ",[15,57473,57217],{}," is always an ",[15,57476,1050],{},[20,57478,57479],{},"Possible results:",[185,57481,57482,57487,57492],{},[188,57483,57484,57486],{},[15,57485,2077],{}," if the value does not exist in the list",[188,57488,57489,57491],{},[15,57490,665],{}," if it appears once",[188,57493,57494,57496],{},[15,57495,2016],{}," or more if it appears multiple times",[20,57498,800],{},[38,57500,57502],{"className":40,"code":57501,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nprint(colors.count(\"blue\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))    # 1\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\")) # 0\n",[15,57503,57504,57544,57548,57573,57598],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,57505,57506,57508,57510,57512,57514,57516,57518,57520,57522,57524,57526,57528,57530,57532,57534,57536,57538,57540,57542],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,57507,13010],{"class":53},[47,57509,58],{"class":57},[47,57511,662],{"class":77},[47,57513,309],{"class":151},[47,57515,13027],{"class":155},[47,57517,309],{"class":151},[47,57519,668],{"class":77},[47,57521,303],{"class":151},[47,57523,13044],{"class":155},[47,57525,309],{"class":151},[47,57527,668],{"class":77},[47,57529,303],{"class":151},[47,57531,17390],{"class":155},[47,57533,309],{"class":151},[47,57535,668],{"class":77},[47,57537,303],{"class":151},[47,57539,13044],{"class":155},[47,57541,309],{"class":151},[47,57543,679],{"class":77},[47,57545,57546],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,57547,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,57549,57550,57552,57554,57556,57558,57560,57562,57564,57566,57568,57570],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,57551,99],{"class":98},[47,57553,78],{"class":77},[47,57555,17437],{"class":81},[47,57557,914],{"class":77},[47,57559,41193],{"class":81},[47,57561,78],{"class":77},[47,57563,309],{"class":151},[47,57565,13044],{"class":155},[47,57567,309],{"class":151},[47,57569,5294],{"class":77},[47,57571,57572],{"class":1378},"   # 2\n",[47,57574,57575,57577,57579,57581,57583,57585,57587,57589,57591,57593,57595],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,57576,99],{"class":98},[47,57578,78],{"class":77},[47,57580,17437],{"class":81},[47,57582,914],{"class":77},[47,57584,41193],{"class":81},[47,57586,78],{"class":77},[47,57588,309],{"class":151},[47,57590,13027],{"class":155},[47,57592,309],{"class":151},[47,57594,5294],{"class":77},[47,57596,57597],{"class":1378},"    # 1\n",[47,57599,57600,57602,57604,57606,57608,57610,57612,57614,57616,57618,57620],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,57601,99],{"class":98},[47,57603,78],{"class":77},[47,57605,17437],{"class":81},[47,57607,914],{"class":77},[47,57609,41193],{"class":81},[47,57611,78],{"class":77},[47,57613,309],{"class":151},[47,57615,22458],{"class":155},[47,57617,309],{"class":151},[47,57619,5294],{"class":77},[47,57621,57622],{"class":1378}," # 0\n",[20,57624,57625,57626,57628,57629,57631,57632,914],{},"If you only want to know whether a value exists, ",[15,57627,57217],{}," works, but using ",[15,57630,3819],{}," is often simpler. See ",[360,57633,6133],{"href":6132},[33,57635,57637],{"id":57636},"how-matching-works","How matching works",[20,57639,57640,57642],{},[15,57641,57222],{}," uses equality matching.",[20,57644,57645],{},"That means Python checks whether each item is equal to the value you passed in.",[20,57647,43581],{},[185,57649,57650,57653,57656,57663],{},[188,57651,57652],{},"matches are based on equality",[188,57654,57655],{},"strings are case-sensitive",[188,57657,57658,4329,57660,57662],{},[15,57659,665],{},[15,57661,212],{}," may compare as equal in Python",[188,57664,57665],{},"nested lists can be counted if the entire nested list matches",[373,57667,57669],{"id":57668},"strings-are-case-sensitive","Strings are case-sensitive",[38,57671,57673],{"className":40,"code":57672,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"apple\", \"Apple\", \"apple\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\nprint(words.count(\"Apple\"))  # 1\n",[15,57674,57675,57708,57732],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,57676,57677,57679,57681,57683,57685,57687,57689,57691,57693,57696,57698,57700,57702,57704,57706],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,57678,4006],{"class":53},[47,57680,58],{"class":57},[47,57682,662],{"class":77},[47,57684,309],{"class":151},[47,57686,1425],{"class":155},[47,57688,309],{"class":151},[47,57690,668],{"class":77},[47,57692,303],{"class":151},[47,57694,57695],{"class":155},"Apple",[47,57697,309],{"class":151},[47,57699,668],{"class":77},[47,57701,303],{"class":151},[47,57703,1425],{"class":155},[47,57705,309],{"class":151},[47,57707,679],{"class":77},[47,57709,57710,57712,57714,57716,57718,57720,57722,57724,57726,57728,57730],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,57711,99],{"class":98},[47,57713,78],{"class":77},[47,57715,4048],{"class":81},[47,57717,914],{"class":77},[47,57719,41193],{"class":81},[47,57721,78],{"class":77},[47,57723,309],{"class":151},[47,57725,1425],{"class":155},[47,57727,309],{"class":151},[47,57729,5294],{"class":77},[47,57731,51341],{"class":1378},[47,57733,57734,57736,57738,57740,57742,57744,57746,57748,57750,57752,57754],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,57735,99],{"class":98},[47,57737,78],{"class":77},[47,57739,4048],{"class":81},[47,57741,914],{"class":77},[47,57743,41193],{"class":81},[47,57745,78],{"class":77},[47,57747,309],{"class":151},[47,57749,57695],{"class":155},[47,57751,309],{"class":151},[47,57753,5294],{"class":77},[47,57755,27713],{"class":1378},[20,57757,57758,4329,57761,57764],{},[15,57759,57760],{},"\"apple\"",[15,57762,57763],{},"\"Apple\""," are different strings.",[373,57766,57768,4329,57770,57772],{"id":57767},"_1-and-true-can-match",[15,57769,665],{},[15,57771,212],{}," can match",[38,57774,57776],{"className":40,"code":57775,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [1, True, 2, 1]\nprint(values.count(1))     # 3\nprint(values.count(True))  # 3\n",[15,57777,57778,57802,57822],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,57779,57780,57782,57784,57786,57788,57790,57792,57794,57796,57798,57800],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,57781,3758],{"class":53},[47,57783,58],{"class":57},[47,57785,662],{"class":77},[47,57787,665],{"class":61},[47,57789,668],{"class":77},[47,57791,3852],{"class":571},[47,57793,668],{"class":77},[47,57795,671],{"class":61},[47,57797,668],{"class":77},[47,57799,5431],{"class":61},[47,57801,679],{"class":77},[47,57803,57804,57806,57808,57810,57812,57814,57816,57818,57820],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,57805,99],{"class":98},[47,57807,78],{"class":77},[47,57809,5291],{"class":81},[47,57811,914],{"class":77},[47,57813,41193],{"class":81},[47,57815,78],{"class":77},[47,57817,665],{"class":61},[47,57819,5294],{"class":77},[47,57821,50844],{"class":1378},[47,57823,57824,57826,57828,57830,57832,57834,57836,57838,57840],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,57825,99],{"class":98},[47,57827,78],{"class":77},[47,57829,5291],{"class":81},[47,57831,914],{"class":77},[47,57833,41193],{"class":81},[47,57835,78],{"class":77},[47,57837,212],{"class":571},[47,57839,5294],{"class":77},[47,57841,50696],{"class":1378},[20,57843,4346],{},[20,57845,57846],{},"In Python:",[185,57848,57849,57854],{},[188,57850,57851],{},[15,57852,57853],{},"True == 1",[188,57855,57856],{},[15,57857,57858],{},"False == 0",[20,57860,53580,57861,57863],{},[15,57862,57217],{}," may include both booleans and integers when they compare as equal.",[373,57865,57867],{"id":57866},"nested-lists-must-match-exactly","Nested lists must match exactly",[38,57869,57871],{"className":40,"code":57870,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [1, 2], [1]]\nprint(items.count([1, 2]))  # 2\n",[15,57872,57873,57915],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,57874,57875,57877,57879,57881,57883,57885,57887,57889,57891,57893,57895,57897,57899,57901,57903,57905,57907,57909,57911,57913],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,57876,657],{"class":53},[47,57878,58],{"class":57},[47,57880,56221],{"class":77},[47,57882,665],{"class":61},[47,57884,668],{"class":77},[47,57886,671],{"class":61},[47,57888,17997],{"class":77},[47,57890,662],{"class":77},[47,57892,2021],{"class":61},[47,57894,668],{"class":77},[47,57896,2404],{"class":61},[47,57898,17997],{"class":77},[47,57900,662],{"class":77},[47,57902,665],{"class":61},[47,57904,668],{"class":77},[47,57906,671],{"class":61},[47,57908,17997],{"class":77},[47,57910,662],{"class":77},[47,57912,665],{"class":61},[47,57914,53169],{"class":77},[47,57916,57917,57919,57921,57923,57925,57927,57929,57931,57933,57935,57937],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,57918,99],{"class":98},[47,57920,78],{"class":77},[47,57922,692],{"class":81},[47,57924,914],{"class":77},[47,57926,41193],{"class":81},[47,57928,2928],{"class":77},[47,57930,665],{"class":61},[47,57932,668],{"class":77},[47,57934,671],{"class":61},[47,57936,4670],{"class":77},[47,57938,51341],{"class":1378},[20,57940,57941],{},"Python counts only exact matches of the full nested list.",[33,57943,57945],{"id":57944},"beginner-examples-to-include","Beginner examples to include",[373,57947,57949],{"id":57948},"count-a-number-in-a-list-of-numbers","Count a number in a list of numbers",[38,57951,57953],{"className":40,"code":57952,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 10, 30, 10]\nresult = numbers.count(10)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,57954,57955,57983,58001,58005],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,57956,57957,57959,57961,57963,57965,57967,57969,57971,57973,57975,57977,57979,57981],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,57958,3554],{"class":53},[47,57960,58],{"class":57},[47,57962,662],{"class":77},[47,57964,193],{"class":61},[47,57966,668],{"class":77},[47,57968,7722],{"class":61},[47,57970,668],{"class":77},[47,57972,5939],{"class":61},[47,57974,668],{"class":77},[47,57976,7727],{"class":61},[47,57978,668],{"class":77},[47,57980,5939],{"class":61},[47,57982,679],{"class":77},[47,57984,57985,57987,57989,57991,57993,57995,57997,57999],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,57986,2184],{"class":53},[47,57988,58],{"class":57},[47,57990,4198],{"class":53},[47,57992,914],{"class":77},[47,57994,41193],{"class":81},[47,57996,78],{"class":77},[47,57998,193],{"class":61},[47,58000,85],{"class":77},[47,58002,58003],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,58004,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,58006,58007,58009,58011,58013],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,58008,99],{"class":98},[47,58010,78],{"class":77},[47,58012,2218],{"class":81},[47,58014,85],{"class":77},[20,58016,129],{},[38,58018,58019],{"className":40,"code":46544,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,58020,58021],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,58022,58023],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,58024,46544],{"class":61},[373,58026,58028],{"id":58027},"count-a-word-in-a-list-of-strings","Count a word in a list of strings",[38,58030,58032],{"className":40,"code":58031,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"cat\", \"dog\", \"cat\", \"bird\"]\nresult = words.count(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58033,58034,58076,58098,58102],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,58035,58036,58038,58040,58042,58044,58046,58048,58050,58052,58055,58057,58059,58061,58063,58065,58067,58069,58072,58074],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,58037,4006],{"class":53},[47,58039,58],{"class":57},[47,58041,662],{"class":77},[47,58043,309],{"class":151},[47,58045,36981],{"class":155},[47,58047,309],{"class":151},[47,58049,668],{"class":77},[47,58051,303],{"class":151},[47,58053,58054],{"class":155},"dog",[47,58056,309],{"class":151},[47,58058,668],{"class":77},[47,58060,303],{"class":151},[47,58062,36981],{"class":155},[47,58064,309],{"class":151},[47,58066,668],{"class":77},[47,58068,303],{"class":151},[47,58070,58071],{"class":155},"bird",[47,58073,309],{"class":151},[47,58075,679],{"class":77},[47,58077,58078,58080,58082,58084,58086,58088,58090,58092,58094,58096],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,58079,2184],{"class":53},[47,58081,58],{"class":57},[47,58083,6103],{"class":53},[47,58085,914],{"class":77},[47,58087,41193],{"class":81},[47,58089,78],{"class":77},[47,58091,309],{"class":151},[47,58093,36981],{"class":155},[47,58095,309],{"class":151},[47,58097,85],{"class":77},[47,58099,58100],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,58101,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,58103,58104,58106,58108,58110],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,58105,99],{"class":98},[47,58107,78],{"class":77},[47,58109,2218],{"class":81},[47,58111,85],{"class":77},[20,58113,129],{},[38,58115,58116],{"className":40,"code":16992,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,58117,58118],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,58119,58120],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,58121,16992],{"class":61},[373,58123,58125],{"id":58124},"count-a-value-that-is-not-in-the-list","Count a value that is not in the list",[38,58127,58129],{"className":40,"code":58128,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = numbers.count(5)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58130,58131,58155,58173,58177],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,58132,58133,58135,58137,58139,58141,58143,58145,58147,58149,58151,58153],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,58134,3554],{"class":53},[47,58136,58],{"class":57},[47,58138,662],{"class":77},[47,58140,665],{"class":61},[47,58142,668],{"class":77},[47,58144,671],{"class":61},[47,58146,668],{"class":77},[47,58148,676],{"class":61},[47,58150,668],{"class":77},[47,58152,2404],{"class":61},[47,58154,679],{"class":77},[47,58156,58157,58159,58161,58163,58165,58167,58169,58171],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,58158,2184],{"class":53},[47,58160,58],{"class":57},[47,58162,4198],{"class":53},[47,58164,914],{"class":77},[47,58166,41193],{"class":81},[47,58168,78],{"class":77},[47,58170,2094],{"class":61},[47,58172,85],{"class":77},[47,58174,58175],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,58176,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,58178,58179,58181,58183,58185],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,58180,99],{"class":98},[47,58182,78],{"class":77},[47,58184,2218],{"class":81},[47,58186,85],{"class":77},[20,58188,129],{},[38,58190,58191],{"className":40,"code":47179,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,58192,58193],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,58194,58195],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,58196,47179],{"class":61},[373,58198,58200],{"id":58199},"count-repeated-nested-list-values","Count repeated nested list values",[38,58202,58204],{"className":40,"code":58203,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = [[1, 2], [1, 2], [2, 3], [1, 2]]\nresult = data.count([1, 2])\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58205,58206,58252,58274,58278],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,58207,58208,58210,58212,58214,58216,58218,58220,58222,58224,58226,58228,58230,58232,58234,58236,58238,58240,58242,58244,58246,58248,58250],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,58209,9098],{"class":53},[47,58211,58],{"class":57},[47,58213,56221],{"class":77},[47,58215,665],{"class":61},[47,58217,668],{"class":77},[47,58219,671],{"class":61},[47,58221,17997],{"class":77},[47,58223,662],{"class":77},[47,58225,665],{"class":61},[47,58227,668],{"class":77},[47,58229,671],{"class":61},[47,58231,17997],{"class":77},[47,58233,662],{"class":77},[47,58235,2016],{"class":61},[47,58237,668],{"class":77},[47,58239,676],{"class":61},[47,58241,17997],{"class":77},[47,58243,662],{"class":77},[47,58245,665],{"class":61},[47,58247,668],{"class":77},[47,58249,671],{"class":61},[47,58251,53169],{"class":77},[47,58253,58254,58256,58258,58260,58262,58264,58266,58268,58270,58272],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,58255,2184],{"class":53},[47,58257,58],{"class":57},[47,58259,14501],{"class":53},[47,58261,914],{"class":77},[47,58263,41193],{"class":81},[47,58265,2928],{"class":77},[47,58267,665],{"class":61},[47,58269,668],{"class":77},[47,58271,671],{"class":61},[47,58273,3825],{"class":77},[47,58275,58276],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,58277,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,58279,58280,58282,58284,58286],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,58281,99],{"class":98},[47,58283,78],{"class":77},[47,58285,2218],{"class":81},[47,58287,85],{"class":77},[20,58289,129],{},[38,58291,58292],{"className":40,"code":46544,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,58293,58294],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,58295,58296],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,58297,46544],{"class":61},[33,58299,773,58301],{"id":58300},"when-to-use-count",[15,58302,57217],{},[20,58304,165,58305,58307],{},[15,58306,57217],{}," when you need the number of appearances of one value.",[20,58309,58310],{},"Good use cases:",[185,58312,58313,58316,58319],{},[188,58314,58315],{},"counting one specific item",[188,58317,58318],{},"checking whether a list contains duplicates of a value",[188,58320,58321],{},"doing a quick count before making a decision",[20,58323,800],{},[38,58325,58327],{"className":40,"code":58326,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"votes = [\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\"]\nyes_votes = votes.count(\"yes\")\n\nprint(yes_votes)\n",[15,58328,58329,58370,58394,58398],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,58330,58331,58334,58336,58338,58340,58342,58344,58346,58348,58350,58352,58354,58356,58358,58360,58362,58364,58366,58368],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,58332,58333],{"class":53},"votes ",[47,58335,58],{"class":57},[47,58337,662],{"class":77},[47,58339,309],{"class":151},[47,58341,8589],{"class":155},[47,58343,309],{"class":151},[47,58345,668],{"class":77},[47,58347,303],{"class":151},[47,58349,8528],{"class":155},[47,58351,309],{"class":151},[47,58353,668],{"class":77},[47,58355,303],{"class":151},[47,58357,8589],{"class":155},[47,58359,309],{"class":151},[47,58361,668],{"class":77},[47,58363,303],{"class":151},[47,58365,8589],{"class":155},[47,58367,309],{"class":151},[47,58369,679],{"class":77},[47,58371,58372,58375,58377,58380,58382,58384,58386,58388,58390,58392],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,58373,58374],{"class":53},"yes_votes ",[47,58376,58],{"class":57},[47,58378,58379],{"class":53}," votes",[47,58381,914],{"class":77},[47,58383,41193],{"class":81},[47,58385,78],{"class":77},[47,58387,309],{"class":151},[47,58389,8589],{"class":155},[47,58391,309],{"class":151},[47,58393,85],{"class":77},[47,58395,58396],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,58397,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,58399,58400,58402,58404,58407],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,58401,99],{"class":98},[47,58403,78],{"class":77},[47,58405,58406],{"class":81},"yes_votes",[47,58408,85],{"class":77},[20,58410,58411,58413],{},[15,58412,57217],{}," is not the best choice if you need counts for many different values. In that case, you would usually use a loop or another tool.",[20,58415,58416,58417,4329,58419,914],{},"If you are still learning list basics, see ",[360,58418,52698],{"href":50905},[360,58420,58422],{"href":58421},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-list-in-python\u002F","what is a list in Python",[33,58424,2775],{"id":2774},[20,58426,8378,58427,914],{},[15,58428,57222],{},[373,58430,58432],{"id":58431},"trying-to-count-part-of-a-string-instead-of-list-items","Trying to count part of a string instead of list items",[20,58434,58435,58437],{},[15,58436,57222],{}," counts list items, not parts of a string.",[38,58439,58441],{"className":40,"code":58440,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"apple pie\", \"banana\", \"apple pie\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 0\n",[15,58442,58443,58476],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,58444,58445,58447,58449,58451,58453,58456,58458,58460,58462,58464,58466,58468,58470,58472,58474],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,58446,4006],{"class":53},[47,58448,58],{"class":57},[47,58450,662],{"class":77},[47,58452,309],{"class":151},[47,58454,58455],{"class":155},"apple pie",[47,58457,309],{"class":151},[47,58459,668],{"class":77},[47,58461,303],{"class":151},[47,58463,1434],{"class":155},[47,58465,309],{"class":151},[47,58467,668],{"class":77},[47,58469,303],{"class":151},[47,58471,58455],{"class":155},[47,58473,309],{"class":151},[47,58475,679],{"class":77},[47,58477,58478,58480,58482,58484,58486,58488,58490,58492,58494,58496,58498],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,58479,99],{"class":98},[47,58481,78],{"class":77},[47,58483,4048],{"class":81},[47,58485,914],{"class":77},[47,58487,41193],{"class":81},[47,58489,78],{"class":77},[47,58491,309],{"class":151},[47,58493,1425],{"class":155},[47,58495,309],{"class":151},[47,58497,5294],{"class":77},[47,58499,51173],{"class":1378},[20,58501,2435,58502,1812],{},[15,58503,2077],{},[20,58505,28995,58506,58508,58509,914],{},[15,58507,57760],{}," is not a full item in the list. The list contains ",[15,58510,58511],{},"\"apple pie\"",[20,58513,58514,58515,914],{},"If your data is a string instead of a list, you may be thinking of ",[15,58516,58517],{},"str.count()",[373,58519,1400,58521,8386,58523,1389,58525],{"id":58520},"expecting-count-to-return-true-or-false",[15,58522,57217],{},[15,58524,212],{},[15,58526,3609],{},[20,58528,58529,58531],{},[15,58530,57217],{}," returns a number, not a boolean.",[38,58533,58535],{"className":40,"code":58534,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.count(2))  # 2\n",[15,58536,58537,58561],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,58538,58539,58541,58543,58545,58547,58549,58551,58553,58555,58557,58559],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,58540,3554],{"class":53},[47,58542,58],{"class":57},[47,58544,662],{"class":77},[47,58546,665],{"class":61},[47,58548,668],{"class":77},[47,58550,671],{"class":61},[47,58552,668],{"class":77},[47,58554,671],{"class":61},[47,58556,668],{"class":77},[47,58558,676],{"class":61},[47,58560,679],{"class":77},[47,58562,58563,58565,58567,58569,58571,58573,58575,58577,58579],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,58564,99],{"class":98},[47,58566,78],{"class":77},[47,58568,3584],{"class":81},[47,58570,914],{"class":77},[47,58572,41193],{"class":81},[47,58574,78],{"class":77},[47,58576,2016],{"class":61},[47,58578,5294],{"class":77},[47,58580,51341],{"class":1378},[20,58582,58583],{},"If you want a true\u002Ffalse answer, use:",[38,58585,58587],{"className":40,"code":58586,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(2 in numbers)  # True\n",[15,58588,58589],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,58590,58591,58593,58595,58597,58599,58601,58603],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,58592,99],{"class":98},[47,58594,78],{"class":77},[47,58596,2016],{"class":61},[47,58598,21109],{"class":3812},[47,58600,4198],{"class":81},[47,58602,862],{"class":77},[47,58604,3599],{"class":1378},[373,58606,58608],{"id":58607},"forgetting-that-string-matching-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that string matching is case-sensitive",[38,58610,58612],{"className":40,"code":58611,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = [\"Sam\", \"sam\", \"SAM\"]\nprint(names.count(\"sam\"))  # 1\n",[15,58613,58614,58647],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,58615,58616,58618,58620,58622,58624,58626,58628,58630,58632,58634,58636,58638,58640,58643,58645],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,58617,4929],{"class":53},[47,58619,58],{"class":57},[47,58621,662],{"class":77},[47,58623,309],{"class":151},[47,58625,7610],{"class":155},[47,58627,309],{"class":151},[47,58629,668],{"class":77},[47,58631,303],{"class":151},[47,58633,20154],{"class":155},[47,58635,309],{"class":151},[47,58637,668],{"class":77},[47,58639,303],{"class":151},[47,58641,58642],{"class":155},"SAM",[47,58644,309],{"class":151},[47,58646,679],{"class":77},[47,58648,58649,58651,58653,58655,58657,58659,58661,58663,58665,58667,58669],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,58650,99],{"class":98},[47,58652,78],{"class":77},[47,58654,4973],{"class":81},[47,58656,914],{"class":77},[47,58658,41193],{"class":81},[47,58660,78],{"class":77},[47,58662,309],{"class":151},[47,58664,20154],{"class":155},[47,58666,309],{"class":151},[47,58668,5294],{"class":77},[47,58670,27713],{"class":1378},[20,58672,58673,58674,58677],{},"Only the exact string ",[15,58675,58676],{},"\"sam\""," matches.",[373,58679,29584,58681,33482],{"id":58680},"calling-count-on-the-wrong-type",[15,58682,57217],{},[20,58684,58685],{},"If you are not sure what your variable contains, inspect it first:",[38,58687,58689],{"className":40,"code":58688,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(value in my_list)\nfor item in my_list:\n    print(repr(item))\n",[15,58690,58691,58701,58715,58733,58747,58759],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,58692,58693,58695,58697,58699],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,58694,99],{"class":98},[47,58696,78],{"class":77},[47,58698,8270],{"class":81},[47,58700,85],{"class":77},[47,58702,58703,58705,58707,58709,58711,58713],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,58704,99],{"class":98},[47,58706,78],{"class":77},[47,58708,116],{"class":73},[47,58710,78],{"class":77},[47,58712,8270],{"class":81},[47,58714,123],{"class":77},[47,58716,58717,58719,58721,58723,58725,58727,58729,58731],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,58718,99],{"class":98},[47,58720,78],{"class":77},[47,58722,8270],{"class":81},[47,58724,914],{"class":77},[47,58726,41193],{"class":81},[47,58728,78],{"class":77},[47,58730,585],{"class":81},[47,58732,123],{"class":77},[47,58734,58735,58737,58739,58741,58743,58745],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,58736,99],{"class":98},[47,58738,78],{"class":77},[47,58740,566],{"class":81},[47,58742,3819],{"class":3812},[47,58744,8327],{"class":81},[47,58746,85],{"class":77},[47,58748,58749,58751,58753,58755,58757],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,58750,5892],{"class":3812},[47,58752,5895],{"class":53},[47,58754,3819],{"class":3812},[47,58756,8327],{"class":53},[47,58758,6329],{"class":77},[47,58760,58761,58763,58765,58767,58769,58771],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,58762,8000],{"class":98},[47,58764,78],{"class":77},[47,58766,41713],{"class":98},[47,58768,78],{"class":77},[47,58770,23245],{"class":81},[47,58772,123],{"class":77},[20,58774,58775],{},"These checks can help you see:",[185,58777,58778,58781,58784],{},[188,58779,58780],{},"whether the variable is really a list",[188,58782,58783],{},"whether the values are exactly what you expect",[188,58785,58786],{},"whether spacing, capitalization, or data type differences are causing problems",[20,58788,58789],{},"Common causes of confusion include:",[185,58791,58792,58797,58800,58807],{},[188,58793,50417,58794,58796],{},[15,58795,57217],{}," when the data is a string, not a list",[188,58798,58799],{},"expecting substring behavior instead of exact list-item matching",[188,58801,11040,58802,58804,58805],{},[15,58803,57222],{}," with string ",[15,58806,57217],{},[188,58808,58809],{},"being surprised that booleans and integers can compare as equal",[33,58811,1762],{"id":1761},[373,58813,1776,58815,58817],{"id":58814},"does-listcount-change-the-list",[15,58816,57222],{}," change the list?",[20,58819,58820],{},"No. It only returns how many times a value appears.",[373,58822,58824],{"id":58823},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-list","What happens if the value is not in the list?",[20,58826,11845,58827,914],{},[15,58828,2077],{},[373,58830,1786,58832,58834],{"id":58831},"can-listcount-count-multiple-different-values-at-once",[15,58833,57222],{}," count multiple different values at once?",[20,58836,58837],{},"No. It counts one value per call.",[373,58839,1806,58841,58843],{"id":58840},"is-listcount-case-sensitive-for-strings",[15,58842,57222],{}," case-sensitive for strings?",[20,58845,42085,58846,4329,58848,58850],{},[15,58847,57763],{},[15,58849,57760],{}," are different values.",[373,58852,5090,58854,58856,58857,1812],{"id":58853},"why-does-true-sometimes-count-like-1",[15,58855,212],{}," sometimes count like ",[15,58858,665],{},[20,58860,8717,58861,58863,58864,4329,58866,58863,58868,914],{},[15,58862,212],{}," compares equal to ",[15,58865,665],{},[15,58867,3609],{},[15,58869,2077],{},[33,58871,1825],{"id":1824},[185,58873,58874,58878,58884,58888,58896,58903],{},[188,58875,58876],{},[360,58877,52698],{"href":50905},[188,58879,58880],{},[360,58881,58883],{"href":58882},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to find an item in a list in Python",[188,58885,58886],{},[360,58887,6868],{"href":6132},[188,58889,58890],{},[360,58891,55447,58893,10673],{"href":58892},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method\u002F",[15,58894,58895],{},"index()",[188,58897,58898],{},[360,58899,13,58901],{"href":58900},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len",[15,58902,42292],{},[188,58904,58905],{},[360,58906,58907],{"href":58421},"What is a list in Python",[1875,58909,58910],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":65,"depth":65,"links":58912},[58913,58914,58916,58917,58918,58924,58930,58932,58940,58951],{"id":3543,"depth":65,"text":3544},{"id":57314,"depth":65,"text":58915},"What list.count() does",{"id":244,"depth":65,"text":245},{"id":37954,"depth":65,"text":37955},{"id":57636,"depth":65,"text":57637,"children":58919},[58920,58921,58923],{"id":57668,"depth":88,"text":57669},{"id":57767,"depth":88,"text":58922},"1 and True can match",{"id":57866,"depth":88,"text":57867},{"id":57944,"depth":65,"text":57945,"children":58925},[58926,58927,58928,58929],{"id":57948,"depth":88,"text":57949},{"id":58027,"depth":88,"text":58028},{"id":58124,"depth":88,"text":58125},{"id":58199,"depth":88,"text":58200},{"id":58300,"depth":65,"text":58931},"When to use count()",{"id":2774,"depth":65,"text":2775,"children":58933},[58934,58935,58937,58938],{"id":58431,"depth":88,"text":58432},{"id":58520,"depth":88,"text":58936},"Expecting count() to return True or False",{"id":58607,"depth":88,"text":58608},{"id":58680,"depth":88,"text":58939},"Calling count() on the wrong type",{"id":1761,"depth":65,"text":1762,"children":58941},[58942,58944,58945,58947,58949],{"id":58814,"depth":88,"text":58943},"Does list.count() change the list?",{"id":58823,"depth":88,"text":58824},{"id":58831,"depth":88,"text":58946},"Can list.count() count multiple different values at once?",{"id":58840,"depth":88,"text":58948},"Is list.count() case-sensitive for strings?",{"id":58853,"depth":88,"text":58950},"Why does True sometimes count like 1?",{"id":1824,"depth":65,"text":1825},"Master python list count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method",{"title":57209,"description":58952},"reference\u002Fpython-list-count-method","OaDs4b1B53uOAHV8umIolgeKHFj-NyORlCwOR-o8JYw",{"id":58959,"title":58960,"body":58961,"description":60924,"extension":1922,"meta":60925,"navigation":91,"path":60926,"seo":60927,"stem":60928,"__hash__":60929},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list.md","Python List: Creating a List",{"type":7,"value":58962,"toc":60887},[58963,58966,58969,58971,59099,59103,59184,59195,59197,59216,59220,59223,59226,59244,59246,59289,59293,59318,59327,59331,59336,59339,59456,59460,59529,59533,59545,59549,59552,59593,59597,59610,59613,59698,59702,59735,59742,59748,59753,59755,59767,59771,59804,59808,59840,59844,59881,59885,59905,59909,59943,59947,59976,59987,59991,59994,59997,60010,60067,60071,60110,60116,60119,60121,60124,60128,60131,60156,60158,60183,60190,60193,60238,60242,60261,60264,60303,60310,60315,60349,60353,60454,60461,60494,60498,60524,60528,60531,60569,60572,60609,60613,60616,60635,60639,60700,60702,60720,60724,60727,60730,60759,60761,60765,60768,60776,60780,60783,60803,60809,60815,60819,60822,60829,60837,60839,60878,60884],[10,58964,58960],{"id":58965},"python-list-creating-a-list",[20,58967,58968],{},"A Python list is one of the most common data structures you will use. This page shows the main ways to create a list, what list syntax looks like, and when each approach is useful.",[33,58970,3544],{"id":3543},[38,58972,58974],{"className":40,"code":58973,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nempty_list = []\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(empty_list)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,58975,58976,58996,59028,59036,59054,59058,59068,59078,59089],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,58977,58978,58980,58982,58984,58986,58988,58990,58992,58994],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,58979,3554],{"class":53},[47,58981,58],{"class":57},[47,58983,662],{"class":77},[47,58985,665],{"class":61},[47,58987,668],{"class":77},[47,58989,671],{"class":61},[47,58991,668],{"class":77},[47,58993,676],{"class":61},[47,58995,679],{"class":77},[47,58997,58998,59000,59002,59004,59006,59008,59010,59012,59014,59016,59018,59020,59022,59024,59026],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,58999,4929],{"class":53},[47,59001,58],{"class":57},[47,59003,662],{"class":77},[47,59005,309],{"class":151},[47,59007,12814],{"class":155},[47,59009,309],{"class":151},[47,59011,668],{"class":77},[47,59013,303],{"class":151},[47,59015,35875],{"class":155},[47,59017,309],{"class":151},[47,59019,668],{"class":77},[47,59021,303],{"class":151},[47,59023,35884],{"class":155},[47,59025,309],{"class":151},[47,59027,679],{"class":77},[47,59029,59030,59032,59034],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,59031,55858],{"class":53},[47,59033,58],{"class":57},[47,59035,7770],{"class":77},[47,59037,59038,59040,59042,59044,59046,59048,59050,59052],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,59039,36024],{"class":53},[47,59041,58],{"class":57},[47,59043,22494],{"class":73},[47,59045,78],{"class":77},[47,59047,309],{"class":151},[47,59049,41494],{"class":155},[47,59051,309],{"class":151},[47,59053,85],{"class":77},[47,59055,59056],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,59057,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,59059,59060,59062,59064,59066],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,59061,99],{"class":98},[47,59063,78],{"class":77},[47,59065,3584],{"class":81},[47,59067,85],{"class":77},[47,59069,59070,59072,59074,59076],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,59071,99],{"class":98},[47,59073,78],{"class":77},[47,59075,4973],{"class":81},[47,59077,85],{"class":77},[47,59079,59080,59082,59084,59087],{"class":49,"line":1734},[47,59081,99],{"class":98},[47,59083,78],{"class":77},[47,59085,59086],{"class":81},"empty_list",[47,59088,85],{"class":77},[47,59090,59091,59093,59095,59097],{"class":49,"line":6365},[47,59092,99],{"class":98},[47,59094,78],{"class":77},[47,59096,36077],{"class":81},[47,59098,85],{"class":77},[20,59100,59101],{},[127,59102,129],{},[38,59104,59106],{"className":40,"code":59105,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,59107,59108,59124,59152,59156],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,59109,59110,59112,59114,59116,59118,59120,59122],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,59111,736],{"class":77},[47,59113,665],{"class":61},[47,59115,668],{"class":77},[47,59117,671],{"class":61},[47,59119,668],{"class":77},[47,59121,676],{"class":61},[47,59123,679],{"class":77},[47,59125,59126,59128,59130,59132,59134,59136,59138,59140,59142,59144,59146,59148,59150],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,59127,736],{"class":77},[47,59129,159],{"class":151},[47,59131,12814],{"class":155},[47,59133,159],{"class":151},[47,59135,668],{"class":77},[47,59137,152],{"class":151},[47,59139,35875],{"class":155},[47,59141,159],{"class":151},[47,59143,668],{"class":77},[47,59145,152],{"class":151},[47,59147,35884],{"class":155},[47,59149,159],{"class":151},[47,59151,679],{"class":77},[47,59153,59154],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,59155,38232],{"class":77},[47,59157,59158,59160,59162,59164,59166,59168,59170,59172,59174,59176,59178,59180,59182],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,59159,736],{"class":77},[47,59161,159],{"class":151},[47,59163,360],{"class":155},[47,59165,159],{"class":151},[47,59167,668],{"class":77},[47,59169,152],{"class":151},[47,59171,4696],{"class":155},[47,59173,159],{"class":151},[47,59175,668],{"class":77},[47,59177,152],{"class":151},[47,59179,9671],{"class":155},[47,59181,159],{"class":151},[47,59183,679],{"class":77},[20,59185,59186,59187,59189,59190,59192,59193,914],{},"Use square brackets ",[15,59188,3722],{}," for most lists. Use ",[15,59191,24716],{}," when converting another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,59194,36132],{},[33,59196,15097],{"id":15096},[185,59198,59199,59202,59205,59208,59213],{},[188,59200,59201],{},"What a list is in Python",[188,59203,59204],{},"How to create a list with square brackets",[188,59206,59207],{},"How to create an empty list",[188,59209,59210,59211,366],{},"How to create a list with the ",[15,59212,24716],{},[188,59214,59215],{},"What kinds of values a list can store",[33,59217,59219],{"id":59218},"what-a-python-list-is","What a Python list is",[20,59221,59222],{},"A list is an ordered collection of items.",[20,59224,59225],{},"This means:",[185,59227,59228,59231,59234,59237],{},[188,59229,59230],{},"A list can contain one item or many items",[188,59232,59233],{},"The order of items is kept",[188,59235,59236],{},"A list can hold different data types",[188,59238,59239,59240,59243],{},"A list is ",[127,59241,59242],{},"mutable",", which means you can change it after creating it",[20,59245,800],{},[38,59247,59249],{"className":40,"code":59248,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"apple\", 10, True]\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,59250,59251,59275,59279],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,59252,59253,59255,59257,59259,59261,59263,59265,59267,59269,59271,59273],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,59254,657],{"class":53},[47,59256,58],{"class":57},[47,59258,662],{"class":77},[47,59260,309],{"class":151},[47,59262,1425],{"class":155},[47,59264,309],{"class":151},[47,59266,668],{"class":77},[47,59268,5939],{"class":61},[47,59270,668],{"class":77},[47,59272,3852],{"class":571},[47,59274,679],{"class":77},[47,59276,59277],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,59278,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,59280,59281,59283,59285,59287],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,59282,99],{"class":98},[47,59284,78],{"class":77},[47,59286,692],{"class":81},[47,59288,85],{"class":77},[20,59290,59291],{},[127,59292,129],{},[38,59294,59296],{"className":40,"code":59295,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['apple', 10, True]\n",[15,59297,59298],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,59299,59300,59302,59304,59306,59308,59310,59312,59314,59316],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,59301,736],{"class":77},[47,59303,159],{"class":151},[47,59305,1425],{"class":155},[47,59307,159],{"class":151},[47,59309,668],{"class":77},[47,59311,5939],{"class":61},[47,59313,668],{"class":77},[47,59315,3852],{"class":571},[47,59317,679],{"class":77},[20,59319,59320,59321,1389,59324,914],{},"If you want a broader introduction, see ",[360,59322,59323],{"href":50905},"Python Lists Explained for Beginners",[360,59325,59326],{"href":58421},"What is a List in Python?",[33,59328,59330],{"id":59329},"create-a-list-with-square-brackets","Create a list with square brackets",[20,59332,59186,59333,59335],{},[15,59334,3722],{}," to create a list. Put items inside the brackets and separate them with commas.",[20,59337,59338],{},"This is the most common way to create a list.",[38,59340,59342],{"className":40,"code":59341,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nmixed = [10, \"hello\", False]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,59343,59344,59364,59396,59421,59425,59435,59445],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,59345,59346,59348,59350,59352,59354,59356,59358,59360,59362],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,59347,3554],{"class":53},[47,59349,58],{"class":57},[47,59351,662],{"class":77},[47,59353,665],{"class":61},[47,59355,668],{"class":77},[47,59357,671],{"class":61},[47,59359,668],{"class":77},[47,59361,676],{"class":61},[47,59363,679],{"class":77},[47,59365,59366,59368,59370,59372,59374,59376,59378,59380,59382,59384,59386,59388,59390,59392,59394],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,59367,4929],{"class":53},[47,59369,58],{"class":57},[47,59371,662],{"class":77},[47,59373,309],{"class":151},[47,59375,12814],{"class":155},[47,59377,309],{"class":151},[47,59379,668],{"class":77},[47,59381,303],{"class":151},[47,59383,35875],{"class":155},[47,59385,309],{"class":151},[47,59387,668],{"class":77},[47,59389,303],{"class":151},[47,59391,35884],{"class":155},[47,59393,309],{"class":151},[47,59395,679],{"class":77},[47,59397,59398,59401,59403,59405,59407,59409,59411,59413,59415,59417,59419],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,59399,59400],{"class":53},"mixed ",[47,59402,58],{"class":57},[47,59404,662],{"class":77},[47,59406,193],{"class":61},[47,59408,668],{"class":77},[47,59410,303],{"class":151},[47,59412,3781],{"class":155},[47,59414,309],{"class":151},[47,59416,668],{"class":77},[47,59418,3843],{"class":571},[47,59420,679],{"class":77},[47,59422,59423],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,59424,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,59426,59427,59429,59431,59433],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,59428,99],{"class":98},[47,59430,78],{"class":77},[47,59432,3584],{"class":81},[47,59434,85],{"class":77},[47,59436,59437,59439,59441,59443],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,59438,99],{"class":98},[47,59440,78],{"class":77},[47,59442,4973],{"class":81},[47,59444,85],{"class":77},[47,59446,59447,59449,59451,59454],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,59448,99],{"class":98},[47,59450,78],{"class":77},[47,59452,59453],{"class":81},"mixed",[47,59455,85],{"class":77},[20,59457,59458],{},[127,59459,129],{},[38,59461,59463],{"className":40,"code":59462,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[10, 'hello', False]\n",[15,59464,59465,59481,59509],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,59466,59467,59469,59471,59473,59475,59477,59479],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,59468,736],{"class":77},[47,59470,665],{"class":61},[47,59472,668],{"class":77},[47,59474,671],{"class":61},[47,59476,668],{"class":77},[47,59478,676],{"class":61},[47,59480,679],{"class":77},[47,59482,59483,59485,59487,59489,59491,59493,59495,59497,59499,59501,59503,59505,59507],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,59484,736],{"class":77},[47,59486,159],{"class":151},[47,59488,12814],{"class":155},[47,59490,159],{"class":151},[47,59492,668],{"class":77},[47,59494,152],{"class":151},[47,59496,35875],{"class":155},[47,59498,159],{"class":151},[47,59500,668],{"class":77},[47,59502,152],{"class":151},[47,59504,35884],{"class":155},[47,59506,159],{"class":151},[47,59508,679],{"class":77},[47,59510,59511,59513,59515,59517,59519,59521,59523,59525,59527],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,59512,736],{"class":77},[47,59514,193],{"class":61},[47,59516,668],{"class":77},[47,59518,152],{"class":151},[47,59520,3781],{"class":155},[47,59522,159],{"class":151},[47,59524,668],{"class":77},[47,59526,3843],{"class":571},[47,59528,679],{"class":77},[373,59530,59532],{"id":59531},"key-points","Key points",[185,59534,59535,59540,59542],{},[188,59536,165,59537,59539],{},[15,59538,3722],{}," to make a new list",[188,59541,15367],{},[188,59543,59544],{},"Works with numbers, strings, booleans, and mixed values",[33,59546,59548],{"id":59547},"create-an-empty-list","Create an empty list",[20,59550,59551],{},"Use empty square brackets when you want a blank list.",[38,59553,59555],{"className":40,"code":59554,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list = []\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\n",[15,59556,59557,59565,59569,59579],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,59558,59559,59561,59563],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,59560,8239],{"class":53},[47,59562,58],{"class":57},[47,59564,7770],{"class":77},[47,59566,59567],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,59568,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,59570,59571,59573,59575,59577],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,59572,99],{"class":98},[47,59574,78],{"class":77},[47,59576,8270],{"class":81},[47,59578,85],{"class":77},[47,59580,59581,59583,59585,59587,59589,59591],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,59582,99],{"class":98},[47,59584,78],{"class":77},[47,59586,11095],{"class":98},[47,59588,78],{"class":77},[47,59590,8270],{"class":81},[47,59592,123],{"class":77},[20,59594,59595],{},[127,59596,129],{},[38,59598,59600],{"className":40,"code":59599,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[]\n0\n",[15,59601,59602,59606],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,59603,59604],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,59605,38232],{"class":77},[47,59607,59608],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,59609,47179],{"class":61},[20,59611,59612],{},"An empty list is useful when you want to build a list step by step.",[38,59614,59616],{"className":40,"code":59615,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = []\n\nnames.append(\"Ana\")\nnames.append(\"Ben\")\nnames.append(\"Cara\")\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,59617,59618,59626,59630,59648,59666,59684,59688],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,59619,59620,59622,59624],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,59621,4929],{"class":53},[47,59623,58],{"class":57},[47,59625,7770],{"class":77},[47,59627,59628],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,59629,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,59631,59632,59634,59636,59638,59640,59642,59644,59646],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,59633,4973],{"class":53},[47,59635,914],{"class":77},[47,59637,13488],{"class":81},[47,59639,78],{"class":77},[47,59641,309],{"class":151},[47,59643,12814],{"class":155},[47,59645,309],{"class":151},[47,59647,85],{"class":77},[47,59649,59650,59652,59654,59656,59658,59660,59662,59664],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,59651,4973],{"class":53},[47,59653,914],{"class":77},[47,59655,13488],{"class":81},[47,59657,78],{"class":77},[47,59659,309],{"class":151},[47,59661,35875],{"class":155},[47,59663,309],{"class":151},[47,59665,85],{"class":77},[47,59667,59668,59670,59672,59674,59676,59678,59680,59682],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,59669,4973],{"class":53},[47,59671,914],{"class":77},[47,59673,13488],{"class":81},[47,59675,78],{"class":77},[47,59677,309],{"class":151},[47,59679,35884],{"class":155},[47,59681,309],{"class":151},[47,59683,85],{"class":77},[47,59685,59686],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,59687,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,59689,59690,59692,59694,59696],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,59691,99],{"class":98},[47,59693,78],{"class":77},[47,59695,4973],{"class":81},[47,59697,85],{"class":77},[20,59699,59700],{},[127,59701,129],{},[38,59703,59705],{"className":40,"code":59704,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,59706,59707],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,59708,59709,59711,59713,59715,59717,59719,59721,59723,59725,59727,59729,59731,59733],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,59710,736],{"class":77},[47,59712,159],{"class":151},[47,59714,12814],{"class":155},[47,59716,159],{"class":151},[47,59718,668],{"class":77},[47,59720,152],{"class":151},[47,59722,35875],{"class":155},[47,59724,159],{"class":151},[47,59726,668],{"class":77},[47,59728,152],{"class":151},[47,59730,35884],{"class":155},[47,59732,159],{"class":151},[47,59734,679],{"class":77},[20,59736,59737,59738,914],{},"To learn more about adding items, see the ",[360,59739,59740,10673],{"href":56696},[15,59741,52579],{},[33,59743,59745,59746],{"id":59744},"create-a-list-with-list","Create a list with ",[15,59747,24716],{},[20,59749,165,59750,59752],{},[15,59751,24716],{}," to convert another iterable into a list.",[20,59754,5390],{},[185,59756,59757,59759,59761,59763],{},[188,59758,5241],{},[188,59760,5235],{},[188,59762,5238],{},[188,59764,59765],{},[15,59766,36132],{},[373,59768,59770],{"id":59769},"example-convert-a-string","Example: convert a string",[38,59772,59774],{"className":40,"code":59773,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = list(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,59775,59776,59794],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,59777,59778,59780,59782,59784,59786,59788,59790,59792],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,59779,36024],{"class":53},[47,59781,58],{"class":57},[47,59783,22494],{"class":73},[47,59785,78],{"class":77},[47,59787,309],{"class":151},[47,59789,41494],{"class":155},[47,59791,309],{"class":151},[47,59793,85],{"class":77},[47,59795,59796,59798,59800,59802],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,59797,99],{"class":98},[47,59799,78],{"class":77},[47,59801,36077],{"class":81},[47,59803,85],{"class":77},[20,59805,59806],{},[127,59807,129],{},[38,59809,59810],{"className":40,"code":42806,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,59811,59812],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,59813,59814,59816,59818,59820,59822,59824,59826,59828,59830,59832,59834,59836,59838],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,59815,736],{"class":77},[47,59817,159],{"class":151},[47,59819,360],{"class":155},[47,59821,159],{"class":151},[47,59823,668],{"class":77},[47,59825,152],{"class":151},[47,59827,4696],{"class":155},[47,59829,159],{"class":151},[47,59831,668],{"class":77},[47,59833,152],{"class":151},[47,59835,9671],{"class":155},[47,59837,159],{"class":151},[47,59839,679],{"class":77},[373,59841,59843],{"id":59842},"example-convert-a-tuple","Example: convert a tuple",[38,59845,59847],{"className":40,"code":59846,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,59848,59849,59871],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,59850,59851,59853,59855,59857,59859,59861,59863,59865,59867,59869],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,59852,3554],{"class":53},[47,59854,58],{"class":57},[47,59856,22494],{"class":73},[47,59858,5444],{"class":77},[47,59860,665],{"class":61},[47,59862,668],{"class":77},[47,59864,671],{"class":61},[47,59866,668],{"class":77},[47,59868,676],{"class":61},[47,59870,123],{"class":77},[47,59872,59873,59875,59877,59879],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,59874,99],{"class":98},[47,59876,78],{"class":77},[47,59878,3584],{"class":81},[47,59880,85],{"class":77},[20,59882,59883],{},[127,59884,129],{},[38,59886,59887],{"className":40,"code":55077,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,59888,59889],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,59890,59891,59893,59895,59897,59899,59901,59903],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,59892,736],{"class":77},[47,59894,665],{"class":61},[47,59896,668],{"class":77},[47,59898,671],{"class":61},[47,59900,668],{"class":77},[47,59902,676],{"class":61},[47,59904,679],{"class":77},[373,59906,59908],{"id":59907},"example-convert-a-range","Example: convert a range",[38,59910,59912],{"className":40,"code":59911,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = list(range(5))\nprint(values)\n",[15,59913,59914,59933],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,59915,59916,59918,59920,59922,59924,59927,59929,59931],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,59917,3758],{"class":53},[47,59919,58],{"class":57},[47,59921,22494],{"class":73},[47,59923,78],{"class":77},[47,59925,59926],{"class":98},"range",[47,59928,78],{"class":77},[47,59930,2094],{"class":61},[47,59932,123],{"class":77},[47,59934,59935,59937,59939,59941],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,59936,99],{"class":98},[47,59938,78],{"class":77},[47,59940,5291],{"class":81},[47,59942,85],{"class":77},[20,59944,59945],{},[127,59946,129],{},[38,59948,59950],{"className":40,"code":59949,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,59951,59952],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,59953,59954,59956,59958,59960,59962,59964,59966,59968,59970,59972,59974],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,59955,736],{"class":77},[47,59957,2077],{"class":61},[47,59959,668],{"class":77},[47,59961,5431],{"class":61},[47,59963,668],{"class":77},[47,59965,671],{"class":61},[47,59967,668],{"class":77},[47,59969,676],{"class":61},[47,59971,668],{"class":77},[47,59973,2404],{"class":61},[47,59975,679],{"class":77},[20,59977,59978,59980,59981,914],{},[15,59979,24716],{}," is useful when you already have another iterable and want a list version of it. For more detail, see ",[360,59982,59984,59986],{"href":59983},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained\u002F",[15,59985,24716],{},": Function Explained",[33,59988,59990],{"id":59989},"lists-can-store-many-kinds-of-values","Lists can store many kinds of values",[20,59992,59993],{},"A list can store many types of data.",[20,59995,59996],{},"Examples include:",[185,59998,59999,60001,60003,60005,60007],{},[188,60000,5241],{},[188,60002,40357],{},[188,60004,51972],{},[188,60006,40527],{},[188,60008,60009],{},"other lists",[38,60011,60013],{"className":40,"code":60012,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = [\"Ana\", 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,60014,60015,60053,60057],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,60016,60017,60019,60021,60023,60025,60027,60029,60031,60033,60035,60037,60039,60041,60043,60045,60047,60049,60051],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60018,9098],{"class":53},[47,60020,58],{"class":57},[47,60022,662],{"class":77},[47,60024,309],{"class":151},[47,60026,12814],{"class":155},[47,60028,309],{"class":151},[47,60030,668],{"class":77},[47,60032,900],{"class":61},[47,60034,668],{"class":77},[47,60036,3852],{"class":571},[47,60038,668],{"class":77},[47,60040,662],{"class":77},[47,60042,665],{"class":61},[47,60044,668],{"class":77},[47,60046,671],{"class":61},[47,60048,668],{"class":77},[47,60050,676],{"class":61},[47,60052,53169],{"class":77},[47,60054,60055],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,60056,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,60058,60059,60061,60063,60065],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,60060,99],{"class":98},[47,60062,78],{"class":77},[47,60064,9137],{"class":81},[47,60066,85],{"class":77},[20,60068,60069],{},[127,60070,129],{},[38,60072,60074],{"className":40,"code":60073,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['Ana', 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,60075,60076],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,60077,60078,60080,60082,60084,60086,60088,60090,60092,60094,60096,60098,60100,60102,60104,60106,60108],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60079,736],{"class":77},[47,60081,159],{"class":151},[47,60083,12814],{"class":155},[47,60085,159],{"class":151},[47,60087,668],{"class":77},[47,60089,900],{"class":61},[47,60091,668],{"class":77},[47,60093,3852],{"class":571},[47,60095,668],{"class":77},[47,60097,662],{"class":77},[47,60099,665],{"class":61},[47,60101,668],{"class":77},[47,60103,671],{"class":61},[47,60105,668],{"class":77},[47,60107,676],{"class":61},[47,60109,53169],{"class":77},[20,60111,60112,60113,914],{},"The last item in this example is another list. This is called a ",[127,60114,60115],{},"nested list",[20,60117,60118],{},"Python allows mixed types in one list, but beginners should usually keep list data consistent when possible. That makes code easier to read and work with.",[33,60120,1131],{"id":1130},[20,60122,60123],{},"Here are some common problems when creating lists.",[373,60125,60127],{"id":60126},"forgetting-commas-between-items","Forgetting commas between items",[20,60129,60130],{},"This causes a syntax error.",[38,60132,60134],{"className":40,"code":60133,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# Wrong\nnumbers = [1 2 3]\n",[15,60135,60136,60140],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,60137,60138],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60139,4470],{"class":1378},[47,60141,60142,60144,60146,60148,60150,60152,60154],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,60143,3554],{"class":53},[47,60145,58],{"class":57},[47,60147,662],{"class":77},[47,60149,665],{"class":61},[47,60151,671],{"class":61},[47,60153,676],{"class":61},[47,60155,679],{"class":77},[20,60157,10740],{},[38,60159,60161],{"className":40,"code":60160,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,60162,60163],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,60164,60165,60167,60169,60171,60173,60175,60177,60179,60181],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60166,3554],{"class":53},[47,60168,58],{"class":57},[47,60170,662],{"class":77},[47,60172,665],{"class":61},[47,60174,668],{"class":77},[47,60176,671],{"class":61},[47,60178,668],{"class":77},[47,60180,676],{"class":61},[47,60182,679],{"class":77},[373,60184,1335,60186,11025,60188],{"id":60185},"using-instead-of",[15,60187,7298],{},[15,60189,3722],{},[20,60191,60192],{},"Parentheses usually create a tuple, not a list.",[38,60194,60196],{"className":40,"code":60195,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_values = (1, 2, 3)\n\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,60197,60198,60219,60223],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,60199,60200,60203,60205,60207,60209,60211,60213,60215,60217],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60201,60202],{"class":53},"my_values ",[47,60204,58],{"class":57},[47,60206,9169],{"class":77},[47,60208,665],{"class":61},[47,60210,668],{"class":77},[47,60212,671],{"class":61},[47,60214,668],{"class":77},[47,60216,676],{"class":61},[47,60218,85],{"class":77},[47,60220,60221],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,60222,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,60224,60225,60227,60229,60231,60233,60236],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,60226,99],{"class":98},[47,60228,78],{"class":77},[47,60230,116],{"class":73},[47,60232,78],{"class":77},[47,60234,60235],{"class":81},"my_values",[47,60237,123],{"class":77},[20,60239,60240],{},[127,60241,129],{},[38,60243,60245],{"className":40,"code":60244,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,60246,60247],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,60248,60249,60251,60253,60255,60257,60259],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60250,144],{"class":57},[47,60252,148],{"class":147},[47,60254,152],{"class":151},[47,60256,48878],{"class":155},[47,60258,159],{"class":151},[47,60260,162],{"class":57},[20,60262,60263],{},"If you want a list, use square brackets:",[38,60265,60267],{"className":40,"code":60266,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,60268,60269,60289],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,60270,60271,60273,60275,60277,60279,60281,60283,60285,60287],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60272,60202],{"class":53},[47,60274,58],{"class":57},[47,60276,662],{"class":77},[47,60278,665],{"class":61},[47,60280,668],{"class":77},[47,60282,671],{"class":61},[47,60284,668],{"class":77},[47,60286,676],{"class":61},[47,60288,679],{"class":77},[47,60290,60291,60293,60295,60297,60299,60301],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,60292,99],{"class":98},[47,60294,78],{"class":77},[47,60296,116],{"class":73},[47,60298,78],{"class":77},[47,60300,60235],{"class":81},[47,60302,123],{"class":77},[373,60304,1400,60306,60309],{"id":60305},"expecting-listhello-world-to-create-a-list-of-words",[15,60307,60308],{},"list(\"hello world\")"," to create a list of words",[20,60311,60312,60314],{},[15,60313,24716],{}," splits a string into individual characters, not words.",[38,60316,60318],{"className":40,"code":60317,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"result = list(\"hello world\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,60319,60320,60339],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,60321,60322,60324,60326,60328,60330,60332,60335,60337],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60323,2184],{"class":53},[47,60325,58],{"class":57},[47,60327,22494],{"class":73},[47,60329,78],{"class":77},[47,60331,309],{"class":151},[47,60333,60334],{"class":155},"hello world",[47,60336,309],{"class":151},[47,60338,85],{"class":77},[47,60340,60341,60343,60345,60347],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,60342,99],{"class":98},[47,60344,78],{"class":77},[47,60346,2218],{"class":81},[47,60348,85],{"class":77},[20,60350,60351],{},[127,60352,129],{},[38,60354,60356],{"className":40,"code":60355,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,60357,60358],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,60359,60360,60362,60364,60367,60369,60371,60373,60376,60378,60380,60382,60385,60387,60389,60391,60393,60395,60397,60399,60402,60404,60406,60408,60410,60412,60414,60417,60419,60421,60423,60425,60427,60429,60431,60434,60436,60438,60440,60442,60444,60446,60448,60450,60452],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60361,736],{"class":77},[47,60363,159],{"class":151},[47,60365,60366],{"class":155},"h",[47,60368,159],{"class":151},[47,60370,668],{"class":77},[47,60372,152],{"class":151},[47,60374,60375],{"class":155},"e",[47,60377,159],{"class":151},[47,60379,668],{"class":77},[47,60381,152],{"class":151},[47,60383,60384],{"class":155},"l",[47,60386,159],{"class":151},[47,60388,668],{"class":77},[47,60390,152],{"class":151},[47,60392,60384],{"class":155},[47,60394,159],{"class":151},[47,60396,668],{"class":77},[47,60398,152],{"class":151},[47,60400,60401],{"class":155},"o",[47,60403,159],{"class":151},[47,60405,668],{"class":77},[47,60407,152],{"class":151},[47,60409,152],{"class":151},[47,60411,668],{"class":77},[47,60413,152],{"class":151},[47,60415,60416],{"class":155},"w",[47,60418,159],{"class":151},[47,60420,668],{"class":77},[47,60422,152],{"class":151},[47,60424,60401],{"class":155},[47,60426,159],{"class":151},[47,60428,668],{"class":77},[47,60430,152],{"class":151},[47,60432,60433],{"class":155},"r",[47,60435,159],{"class":151},[47,60437,668],{"class":77},[47,60439,152],{"class":151},[47,60441,60384],{"class":155},[47,60443,159],{"class":151},[47,60445,668],{"class":77},[47,60447,152],{"class":151},[47,60449,18703],{"class":155},[47,60451,159],{"class":151},[47,60453,679],{"class":77},[20,60455,60456,60457,60460],{},"If you want words, use ",[15,60458,60459],{},"split()"," instead:",[38,60462,60464],{"className":40,"code":60463,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = \"hello world\".split()\nprint(words)\n",[15,60465,60466,60484],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,60467,60468,60470,60472,60474,60476,60478,60480,60482],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60469,4006],{"class":53},[47,60471,58],{"class":57},[47,60473,303],{"class":151},[47,60475,60334],{"class":155},[47,60477,309],{"class":151},[47,60479,914],{"class":77},[47,60481,34403],{"class":81},[47,60483,8574],{"class":77},[47,60485,60486,60488,60490,60492],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,60487,99],{"class":98},[47,60489,78],{"class":77},[47,60491,4048],{"class":81},[47,60493,85],{"class":77},[20,60495,60496],{},[127,60497,129],{},[38,60499,60501],{"className":40,"code":60500,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['hello', 'world']\n",[15,60502,60503],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,60504,60505,60507,60509,60511,60513,60515,60517,60520,60522],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60506,736],{"class":77},[47,60508,159],{"class":151},[47,60510,3781],{"class":155},[47,60512,159],{"class":151},[47,60514,668],{"class":77},[47,60516,152],{"class":151},[47,60518,60519],{"class":155},"world",[47,60521,159],{"class":151},[47,60523,679],{"class":77},[373,60525,60527],{"id":60526},"adding-mismatched-brackets-or-quotes","Adding mismatched brackets or quotes",[20,60529,60530],{},"This causes syntax errors.",[38,60532,60534],{"className":40,"code":60533,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# Wrong\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben', \"Cara\"]\n",[15,60535,60536,60540],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,60537,60538],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60539,4470],{"class":1378},[47,60541,60542,60544,60546,60548,60550,60552,60554,60556,60558,60561,60563,60565,60567],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,60543,4929],{"class":53},[47,60545,58],{"class":57},[47,60547,662],{"class":77},[47,60549,309],{"class":151},[47,60551,12814],{"class":155},[47,60553,309],{"class":151},[47,60555,668],{"class":77},[47,60557,303],{"class":151},[47,60559,60560],{"class":155},"Ben', ",[47,60562,309],{"class":151},[47,60564,35884],{"class":53},[47,60566,309],{"class":151},[47,60568,679],{"class":155},[20,60570,60571],{},"Make sure your quotes and brackets match correctly:",[38,60573,60575],{"className":40,"code":60574,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n",[15,60576,60577],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,60578,60579,60581,60583,60585,60587,60589,60591,60593,60595,60597,60599,60601,60603,60605,60607],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60580,4929],{"class":53},[47,60582,58],{"class":57},[47,60584,662],{"class":77},[47,60586,309],{"class":151},[47,60588,12814],{"class":155},[47,60590,309],{"class":151},[47,60592,668],{"class":77},[47,60594,303],{"class":151},[47,60596,35875],{"class":155},[47,60598,309],{"class":151},[47,60600,668],{"class":77},[47,60602,303],{"class":151},[47,60604,35884],{"class":155},[47,60606,309],{"class":151},[47,60608,679],{"class":77},[373,60610,60612],{"id":60611},"common-causes-to-check","Common causes to check",[20,60614,60615],{},"If your list code is not working, check for these issues:",[185,60617,60618,60621,60624,60629],{},[188,60619,60620],{},"Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[188,60622,60623],{},"Leaving out commas between list items",[188,60625,60626,60627],{},"Passing a non-iterable value to ",[15,60628,24716],{},[188,60630,1400,60631,60634],{},[15,60632,60633],{},"list(\"abc\")"," to return one string item instead of separate characters",[373,60636,60638],{"id":60637},"useful-debugging-checks","Useful debugging checks",[38,60640,60642],{"className":40,"code":60641,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(list(range(5)))\n",[15,60643,60644,60654,60668,60682],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,60645,60646,60648,60650,60652],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60647,99],{"class":98},[47,60649,78],{"class":77},[47,60651,8270],{"class":81},[47,60653,85],{"class":77},[47,60655,60656,60658,60660,60662,60664,60666],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,60657,99],{"class":98},[47,60659,78],{"class":77},[47,60661,116],{"class":73},[47,60663,78],{"class":77},[47,60665,8270],{"class":81},[47,60667,123],{"class":77},[47,60669,60670,60672,60674,60676,60678,60680],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,60671,99],{"class":98},[47,60673,78],{"class":77},[47,60675,11095],{"class":98},[47,60677,78],{"class":77},[47,60679,8270],{"class":81},[47,60681,123],{"class":77},[47,60683,60684,60686,60688,60690,60692,60694,60696,60698],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,60685,99],{"class":98},[47,60687,78],{"class":77},[47,60689,8025],{"class":73},[47,60691,78],{"class":77},[47,60693,59926],{"class":98},[47,60695,78],{"class":77},[47,60697,2094],{"class":61},[47,60699,2854],{"class":77},[20,60701,25941],{},[185,60703,60704,60707,60710,60713],{},[188,60705,60706],{},"what the list contains",[188,60708,60709],{},"whether the value is really a list",[188,60711,60712],{},"how many items it has",[188,60714,25952,60715,60717,60718],{},[15,60716,24716],{}," does with ",[15,60719,36132],{},[33,60721,60723],{"id":60722},"when-to-use-this-page-vs-related-pages","When to use this page vs related pages",[20,60725,60726],{},"Use this page when you want to learn how to create a list.",[20,60728,60729],{},"Use related pages for the next step:",[185,60731,60732,60747,60752],{},[188,60733,165,60734,1752,60738,17008,60742,60746],{},[360,60735,60736],{"href":56696},[15,60737,52579],{},[360,60739,60740],{"href":53271},[15,60741,53373],{},[360,60743,60744],{"href":53835},[15,60745,54195],{}," to add items later",[188,60748,165,60749,60751],{},[360,60750,59323],{"href":50905}," for a broader introduction",[188,60753,165,60754,60758],{},[360,60755,60756,59986],{"href":59983},[15,60757,24716],{}," for more detail about converting values into lists",[33,60760,1762],{"id":1761},[373,60762,60764],{"id":60763},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-list-in-python","How do I create an empty list in Python?",[20,60766,60767],{},"Use empty square brackets:",[38,60769,60770],{"className":40,"code":38232,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,60771,60772],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,60773,60774],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60775,38232],{"class":77},[373,60777,60779],{"id":60778},"what-is-the-most-common-way-to-create-a-list","What is the most common way to create a list?",[20,60781,60782],{},"Use square brackets with comma-separated items, such as:",[38,60784,60785],{"className":40,"code":55077,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,60786,60787],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,60788,60789,60791,60793,60795,60797,60799,60801],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60790,736],{"class":77},[47,60792,665],{"class":61},[47,60794,668],{"class":77},[47,60796,671],{"class":61},[47,60798,668],{"class":77},[47,60800,676],{"class":61},[47,60802,679],{"class":77},[373,60804,1766,60806,60808],{"id":60805},"what-does-list-do-in-python",[15,60807,24716],{}," do in Python?",[20,60810,60811,60812,60814],{},"It converts another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,60813,36132],{},", into a list.",[373,60816,60818],{"id":60817},"can-a-python-list-store-different-data-types","Can a Python list store different data types?",[20,60820,60821],{},"Yes. A list can store mixed types like strings, numbers, and booleans.",[373,60823,5111,60825,4329,60827,1812],{"id":60824},"what-is-the-difference-between-and",[15,60826,3722],{},[15,60828,7298],{},[20,60830,60831,60833,60834,60836],{},[15,60832,3722],{}," creates a list. ",[15,60835,7298],{}," usually creates a tuple.",[33,60838,1825],{"id":1824},[185,60840,60841,60845,60851,60857,60863,60869,60873],{},[188,60842,60843],{},[360,60844,59323],{"href":50905},[188,60846,60847],{},[360,60848,55447,60849,11256],{"href":56696},[15,60850,52579],{},[188,60852,60853],{},[360,60854,55447,60855,11256],{"href":53271},[15,60856,53373],{},[188,60858,60859],{},[360,60860,55447,60861,11256],{"href":53835},[15,60862,54195],{},[188,60864,60865],{},[360,60866,13,60867,18],{"href":59983},[15,60868,24716],{},[188,60870,60871],{},[360,60872,59326],{"href":58421},[188,60874,60875],{},[360,60876,60877],{"href":11999},"Mutability in Python Explained",[20,60879,60880,60881,60883],{},"Next step: learn how to add, access, and change list items using ",[15,60882,52579],{},", indexing, and slicing.",[1875,60885,60886],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":65,"depth":65,"links":60888},[60889,60890,60891,60892,60895,60896,60902,60903,60913,60914,60923],{"id":3543,"depth":65,"text":3544},{"id":15096,"depth":65,"text":15097},{"id":59218,"depth":65,"text":59219},{"id":59329,"depth":65,"text":59330,"children":60893},[60894],{"id":59531,"depth":88,"text":59532},{"id":59547,"depth":65,"text":59548},{"id":59744,"depth":65,"text":60897,"children":60898},"Create a list with list()",[60899,60900,60901],{"id":59769,"depth":88,"text":59770},{"id":59842,"depth":88,"text":59843},{"id":59907,"depth":88,"text":59908},{"id":59989,"depth":65,"text":59990},{"id":1130,"depth":65,"text":1131,"children":60904},[60905,60906,60908,60910,60911,60912],{"id":60126,"depth":88,"text":60127},{"id":60185,"depth":88,"text":60907},"Using () instead of []",{"id":60305,"depth":88,"text":60909},"Expecting list(\"hello world\") to create a list of words",{"id":60526,"depth":88,"text":60527},{"id":60611,"depth":88,"text":60612},{"id":60637,"depth":88,"text":60638},{"id":60722,"depth":65,"text":60723},{"id":1761,"depth":65,"text":1762,"children":60915},[60916,60917,60918,60920,60921],{"id":60763,"depth":88,"text":60764},{"id":60778,"depth":88,"text":60779},{"id":60805,"depth":88,"text":60919},"What does list() do in Python?",{"id":60817,"depth":88,"text":60818},{"id":60824,"depth":88,"text":60922},"What is the difference between [] and ()?",{"id":1824,"depth":65,"text":1825},"Master python list creating a list in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list",{"title":58960,"description":60924},"reference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list","qsr8XW8AjVDmPmBKxRn9AxuodoiKbvD3OgKNyhirhog",{"id":60931,"title":60932,"body":60933,"description":62673,"extension":1922,"meta":62674,"navigation":91,"path":62675,"seo":62676,"stem":62677,"__hash__":62678},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method.md","Python List extend() Method",{"type":7,"value":60934,"toc":62628},[60935,60940,60945,60948,60950,61021,61026,61031,61035,61049,61054,61056,61076,61081,61084,61107,61111,61116,61208,61210,61231,61237,61243,61250,61257,61263,61320,61326,61384,61386,61398,61406,61412,61417,61421,61478,61481,61485,61544,61547,61551,61609,61621,61625,61678,61681,61685,61691,61697,61759,61762,61823,61826,61882,61887,61889,61893,61900,61961,61966,61975,62031,62038,62042,62100,62109,62167,62171,62206,62210,62220,62223,62278,62292,62295,62410,62415,62419,62430,62432,62511,62521,62523,62528,62533,62540,62548,62554,62557,62563,62566,62572,62578,62580,62616,62625],[10,60936,54269,60938,11256],{"id":60937},"python-list-extend-method",[15,60939,53373],{},[20,60941,60942,60944],{},[15,60943,53274],{}," adds items from another iterable to the end of a list.",[20,60946,60947],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it updates the same list instead of creating a new one. This method is useful when you want to add multiple values at once.",[33,60949,36],{"id":35},[38,60951,60953],{"className":40,"code":60952,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2]\nmore_numbers = [3, 4]\n\nnumbers.extend(more_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,60954,60955,60971,60988,60992,61007,61017],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,60956,60957,60959,60961,60963,60965,60967,60969],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60958,3554],{"class":53},[47,60960,58],{"class":57},[47,60962,662],{"class":77},[47,60964,665],{"class":61},[47,60966,668],{"class":77},[47,60968,671],{"class":61},[47,60970,679],{"class":77},[47,60972,60973,60976,60978,60980,60982,60984,60986],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,60974,60975],{"class":53},"more_numbers ",[47,60977,58],{"class":57},[47,60979,662],{"class":77},[47,60981,2021],{"class":61},[47,60983,668],{"class":77},[47,60985,2404],{"class":61},[47,60987,679],{"class":77},[47,60989,60990],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,60991,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,60993,60994,60996,60998,61000,61002,61005],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,60995,3584],{"class":53},[47,60997,914],{"class":77},[47,60999,53403],{"class":81},[47,61001,78],{"class":77},[47,61003,61004],{"class":81},"more_numbers",[47,61006,85],{"class":77},[47,61008,61009,61011,61013,61015],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,61010,99],{"class":98},[47,61012,78],{"class":77},[47,61014,3584],{"class":81},[47,61016,85],{"class":77},[47,61018,61019],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,61020,52650],{"class":1378},[20,61022,165,61023,61025],{},[15,61024,53373],{}," when you want to add each item from another iterable into the same list.",[33,61027,172,61029,175],{"id":61028},"what-listextend-does",[15,61030,53274],{},[20,61032,61033,2826],{},[15,61034,53373],{},[185,61036,61037,61040,61042,61045],{},[188,61038,61039],{},"Adds items from another iterable to the end of a list",[188,61041,54355],{},[188,61043,61044],{},"Does not create a new list",[188,61046,11358,61047],{},[15,61048,3713],{},[20,61050,61051,61052,53728],{},"This is an important point: ",[15,61053,53373],{},[33,61055,245],{"id":244},[38,61057,61059],{"className":40,"code":61058,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"list_name.extend(iterable)\n",[15,61060,61061],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,61062,61063,61066,61068,61070,61072,61074],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,61064,61065],{"class":53},"list_name",[47,61067,914],{"class":77},[47,61069,53403],{"class":81},[47,61071,78],{"class":77},[47,61073,3655],{"class":81},[47,61075,85],{"class":77},[20,61077,5385,61078,61080],{},[127,61079,3655],{},". An iterable is something Python can loop through one item at a time.",[20,61082,61083],{},"Common iterables include:",[185,61085,61086,61090,61094,61098,61103],{},[188,61087,61088],{},[15,61089,8025],{},[188,61091,61092],{},[15,61093,48878],{},[188,61095,61096],{},[15,61097,6222],{},[188,61099,61100],{},[15,61101,61102],{},"string",[188,61104,61105],{},[15,61106,59926],{},[33,61108,61110],{"id":61109},"simple-example-with-another-list","Simple example with another list",[20,61112,61113,61114,2826],{},"Here is the most common use of ",[15,61115,53373],{},[38,61117,61119],{"className":40,"code":61118,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nmore_fruits = [\"orange\", \"grape\"]\n\nfruits.extend(more_fruits)\n\nprint(fruits)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,61120,61121,61145,61170,61174,61189,61193,61203],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,61122,61123,61125,61127,61129,61131,61133,61135,61137,61139,61141,61143],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,61124,36173],{"class":53},[47,61126,58],{"class":57},[47,61128,662],{"class":77},[47,61130,309],{"class":151},[47,61132,1425],{"class":155},[47,61134,309],{"class":151},[47,61136,668],{"class":77},[47,61138,303],{"class":151},[47,61140,1434],{"class":155},[47,61142,309],{"class":151},[47,61144,679],{"class":77},[47,61146,61147,61150,61152,61154,61156,61158,61160,61162,61164,61166,61168],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,61148,61149],{"class":53},"more_fruits ",[47,61151,58],{"class":57},[47,61153,662],{"class":77},[47,61155,309],{"class":151},[47,61157,1443],{"class":155},[47,61159,309],{"class":151},[47,61161,668],{"class":77},[47,61163,303],{"class":151},[47,61165,22467],{"class":155},[47,61167,309],{"class":151},[47,61169,679],{"class":77},[47,61171,61172],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,61173,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,61175,61176,61178,61180,61182,61184,61187],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,61177,36225],{"class":53},[47,61179,914],{"class":77},[47,61181,53403],{"class":81},[47,61183,78],{"class":77},[47,61185,61186],{"class":81},"more_fruits",[47,61188,85],{"class":77},[47,61190,61191],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,61192,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,61194,61195,61197,61199,61201],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,61196,99],{"class":98},[47,61198,78],{"class":77},[47,61200,36225],{"class":81},[47,61202,85],{"class":77},[47,61204,61205],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,61206,61207],{"class":1378},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[20,61209,11617],{},[185,61211,61212,61217,61222],{},[188,61213,61214,61216],{},[15,61215,36225],{}," starts with two items",[188,61218,61219,61221],{},[15,61220,61186],{}," has two more items",[188,61223,61224,61226,61227,1081,61229],{},[15,61225,53373],{}," adds each item from ",[15,61228,61186],{},[15,61230,36225],{},[20,61232,61233,61234,61236],{},"After the method runs, ",[15,61235,36225],{}," contains all four items.",[20,61238,54494,61239,4329,61241,914],{},[360,61240,52698],{"href":50905},[360,61242,57082],{"href":57081},[33,61244,61246,920,61248],{"id":61245},"extend-vs-append",[15,61247,53373],{},[15,61249,52579],{},[20,61251,61252,4329,61254,61256],{},[15,61253,53373],{},[15,61255,52579],{}," are often confused.",[373,61258,61260,61262],{"id":61259},"extend-adds-each-item-from-the-iterable",[15,61261,53373],{}," adds each item from the iterable",[38,61264,61266],{"className":40,"code":61265,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61267,61268,61284,61302,61306,61316],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,61269,61270,61272,61274,61276,61278,61280,61282],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,61271,3554],{"class":53},[47,61273,58],{"class":57},[47,61275,662],{"class":77},[47,61277,665],{"class":61},[47,61279,668],{"class":77},[47,61281,671],{"class":61},[47,61283,679],{"class":77},[47,61285,61286,61288,61290,61292,61294,61296,61298,61300],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,61287,3584],{"class":53},[47,61289,914],{"class":77},[47,61291,53403],{"class":81},[47,61293,2928],{"class":77},[47,61295,2021],{"class":61},[47,61297,668],{"class":77},[47,61299,2404],{"class":61},[47,61301,3825],{"class":77},[47,61303,61304],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,61305,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,61307,61308,61310,61312,61314],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,61309,99],{"class":98},[47,61311,78],{"class":77},[47,61313,3584],{"class":81},[47,61315,85],{"class":77},[47,61317,61318],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,61319,52650],{"class":1378},[373,61321,61323,61325],{"id":61322},"append-adds-the-whole-object-as-one-item",[15,61324,52579],{}," adds the whole object as one item",[38,61327,61329],{"className":40,"code":61328,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,61330,61331,61347,61365,61369,61379],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,61332,61333,61335,61337,61339,61341,61343,61345],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,61334,3554],{"class":53},[47,61336,58],{"class":57},[47,61338,662],{"class":77},[47,61340,665],{"class":61},[47,61342,668],{"class":77},[47,61344,671],{"class":61},[47,61346,679],{"class":77},[47,61348,61349,61351,61353,61355,61357,61359,61361,61363],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,61350,3584],{"class":53},[47,61352,914],{"class":77},[47,61354,13488],{"class":81},[47,61356,2928],{"class":77},[47,61358,2021],{"class":61},[47,61360,668],{"class":77},[47,61362,2404],{"class":61},[47,61364,3825],{"class":77},[47,61366,61367],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,61368,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,61370,61371,61373,61375,61377],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,61372,99],{"class":98},[47,61374,78],{"class":77},[47,61376,3584],{"class":81},[47,61378,85],{"class":77},[47,61380,61381],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,61382,61383],{"class":1378},"# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[20,61385,18630],{},[185,61387,61388,61393],{},[188,61389,61390,61392],{},[15,61391,53373],{}," to combine values",[188,61394,61395,61397],{},[15,61396,52579],{}," to add one item",[20,61399,42027,61400,4329,61404,914],{},[360,61401,55447,61402,10673],{"href":56696},[15,61403,52579],{},[360,61405,52976],{"href":52975},[33,61407,1335,61409,61411],{"id":61408},"using-extend-with-different-iterables",[15,61410,53373],{}," with different iterables",[20,61413,61414,61416],{},[15,61415,53373],{}," works with more than just lists.",[373,61418,61420],{"id":61419},"extend-with-a-tuple","Extend with a tuple",[38,61422,61424],{"className":40,"code":61423,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [1, 2]\nvalues.extend((3, 4))\n\nprint(values)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61425,61426,61442,61460,61464,61474],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,61427,61428,61430,61432,61434,61436,61438,61440],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,61429,3758],{"class":53},[47,61431,58],{"class":57},[47,61433,662],{"class":77},[47,61435,665],{"class":61},[47,61437,668],{"class":77},[47,61439,671],{"class":61},[47,61441,679],{"class":77},[47,61443,61444,61446,61448,61450,61452,61454,61456,61458],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,61445,5291],{"class":53},[47,61447,914],{"class":77},[47,61449,53403],{"class":81},[47,61451,5444],{"class":77},[47,61453,2021],{"class":61},[47,61455,668],{"class":77},[47,61457,2404],{"class":61},[47,61459,123],{"class":77},[47,61461,61462],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,61463,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,61465,61466,61468,61470,61472],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,61467,99],{"class":98},[47,61469,78],{"class":77},[47,61471,5291],{"class":81},[47,61473,85],{"class":77},[47,61475,61476],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,61477,52650],{"class":1378},[20,61479,61480],{},"Each tuple item is added to the list.",[373,61482,61484],{"id":61483},"extend-with-a-string","Extend with a string",[38,61486,61488],{"className":40,"code":61487,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = [\"a\"]\nletters.extend(\"bc\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,61489,61490,61506,61525,61529,61539],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,61491,61492,61494,61496,61498,61500,61502,61504],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,61493,36024],{"class":53},[47,61495,58],{"class":57},[47,61497,662],{"class":77},[47,61499,309],{"class":151},[47,61501,360],{"class":155},[47,61503,309],{"class":151},[47,61505,679],{"class":77},[47,61507,61508,61510,61512,61514,61516,61518,61521,61523],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,61509,36077],{"class":53},[47,61511,914],{"class":77},[47,61513,53403],{"class":81},[47,61515,78],{"class":77},[47,61517,309],{"class":151},[47,61519,61520],{"class":155},"bc",[47,61522,309],{"class":151},[47,61524,85],{"class":77},[47,61526,61527],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,61528,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,61530,61531,61533,61535,61537],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,61532,99],{"class":98},[47,61534,78],{"class":77},[47,61536,36077],{"class":81},[47,61538,85],{"class":77},[47,61540,61541],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,61542,61543],{"class":1378},"# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[20,61545,61546],{},"A string is iterable, so each character is added separately.",[373,61548,61550],{"id":61549},"extend-with-a-range","Extend with a range",[38,61552,61554],{"className":40,"code":61553,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [0]\nnumbers.extend(range(1, 4))\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,61555,61556,61568,61590,61594,61604],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,61557,61558,61560,61562,61564,61566],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,61559,3554],{"class":53},[47,61561,58],{"class":57},[47,61563,662],{"class":77},[47,61565,2077],{"class":61},[47,61567,679],{"class":77},[47,61569,61570,61572,61574,61576,61578,61580,61582,61584,61586,61588],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,61571,3584],{"class":53},[47,61573,914],{"class":77},[47,61575,53403],{"class":81},[47,61577,78],{"class":77},[47,61579,59926],{"class":98},[47,61581,78],{"class":77},[47,61583,665],{"class":61},[47,61585,668],{"class":77},[47,61587,2404],{"class":61},[47,61589,123],{"class":77},[47,61591,61592],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,61593,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,61595,61596,61598,61600,61602],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,61597,99],{"class":98},[47,61599,78],{"class":77},[47,61601,3584],{"class":81},[47,61603,85],{"class":77},[47,61605,61606],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,61607,61608],{"class":1378},"# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[20,61610,61611,61614,61615,1752,61617,17008,61619,914],{},[15,61612,61613],{},"range(1, 4)"," produces ",[15,61616,665],{},[15,61618,2016],{},[15,61620,2021],{},[373,61622,61624],{"id":61623},"extend-with-a-set","Extend with a set",[38,61626,61628],{"className":40,"code":61627,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [1, 2]\nitems.extend({3, 4})\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,61629,61630,61646,61664,61668],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,61631,61632,61634,61636,61638,61640,61642,61644],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,61633,657],{"class":53},[47,61635,58],{"class":57},[47,61637,662],{"class":77},[47,61639,665],{"class":61},[47,61641,668],{"class":77},[47,61643,671],{"class":61},[47,61645,679],{"class":77},[47,61647,61648,61650,61652,61654,61656,61658,61660,61662],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,61649,692],{"class":53},[47,61651,914],{"class":77},[47,61653,53403],{"class":81},[47,61655,5463],{"class":77},[47,61657,2021],{"class":61},[47,61659,668],{"class":77},[47,61661,2404],{"class":61},[47,61663,30430],{"class":77},[47,61665,61666],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,61667,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,61669,61670,61672,61674,61676],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,61671,99],{"class":98},[47,61673,78],{"class":77},[47,61675,692],{"class":81},[47,61677,85],{"class":77},[20,61679,61680],{},"A set works too, but the order may not be predictable.",[33,61682,61684],{"id":61683},"important-return-value-rule","Important return value rule",[20,61686,61687,2346,61689,914],{},[15,61688,53373],{},[15,61690,3713],{},[20,61692,61693,61694,2826],{},"That means this is ",[127,61695,61696],{},"wrong",[38,61698,61700],{"className":40,"code":61699,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2]\nresult = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,61701,61702,61718,61740,61744,61754],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,61703,61704,61706,61708,61710,61712,61714,61716],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,61705,3554],{"class":53},[47,61707,58],{"class":57},[47,61709,662],{"class":77},[47,61711,665],{"class":61},[47,61713,668],{"class":77},[47,61715,671],{"class":61},[47,61717,679],{"class":77},[47,61719,61720,61722,61724,61726,61728,61730,61732,61734,61736,61738],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,61721,2184],{"class":53},[47,61723,58],{"class":57},[47,61725,4198],{"class":53},[47,61727,914],{"class":77},[47,61729,53403],{"class":81},[47,61731,2928],{"class":77},[47,61733,2021],{"class":61},[47,61735,668],{"class":77},[47,61737,2404],{"class":61},[47,61739,3825],{"class":77},[47,61741,61742],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,61743,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,61745,61746,61748,61750,61752],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,61747,99],{"class":98},[47,61749,78],{"class":77},[47,61751,2218],{"class":81},[47,61753,85],{"class":77},[47,61755,61756],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,61757,61758],{"class":1378},"# None\n",[20,61760,61761],{},"And this is also a common mistake:",[38,61763,61765],{"className":40,"code":61764,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# None\n",[15,61766,61767,61783,61805,61809,61819],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,61768,61769,61771,61773,61775,61777,61779,61781],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,61770,3554],{"class":53},[47,61772,58],{"class":57},[47,61774,662],{"class":77},[47,61776,665],{"class":61},[47,61778,668],{"class":77},[47,61780,671],{"class":61},[47,61782,679],{"class":77},[47,61784,61785,61787,61789,61791,61793,61795,61797,61799,61801,61803],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,61786,3554],{"class":53},[47,61788,58],{"class":57},[47,61790,4198],{"class":53},[47,61792,914],{"class":77},[47,61794,53403],{"class":81},[47,61796,2928],{"class":77},[47,61798,2021],{"class":61},[47,61800,668],{"class":77},[47,61802,2404],{"class":61},[47,61804,3825],{"class":77},[47,61806,61807],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,61808,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,61810,61811,61813,61815,61817],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,61812,99],{"class":98},[47,61814,78],{"class":77},[47,61816,3584],{"class":81},[47,61818,85],{"class":77},[47,61820,61821],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,61822,61758],{"class":1378},[20,61824,61825],{},"The correct way is:",[38,61827,61828],{"className":40,"code":61265,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,61829,61830,61846,61864,61868,61878],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,61831,61832,61834,61836,61838,61840,61842,61844],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,61833,3554],{"class":53},[47,61835,58],{"class":57},[47,61837,662],{"class":77},[47,61839,665],{"class":61},[47,61841,668],{"class":77},[47,61843,671],{"class":61},[47,61845,679],{"class":77},[47,61847,61848,61850,61852,61854,61856,61858,61860,61862],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,61849,3584],{"class":53},[47,61851,914],{"class":77},[47,61853,53403],{"class":81},[47,61855,2928],{"class":77},[47,61857,2021],{"class":61},[47,61859,668],{"class":77},[47,61861,2404],{"class":61},[47,61863,3825],{"class":77},[47,61865,61866],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,61867,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,61869,61870,61872,61874,61876],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,61871,99],{"class":98},[47,61873,78],{"class":77},[47,61875,3584],{"class":81},[47,61877,85],{"class":77},[47,61879,61880],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,61881,52650],{"class":1378},[20,61883,55836,61884,61886],{},[15,61885,53373],{}," first, then use the original list.",[33,61888,1131],{"id":1130},[20,61890,14668,61891,914],{},[15,61892,53373],{},[373,61894,61896,61897,61899],{"id":61895},"_1-expecting-extend-to-return-a-new-list","1. Expecting ",[15,61898,53373],{}," to return a new list",[38,61901,61903],{"className":40,"code":61902,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnew_numbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n# None\n",[15,61904,61905,61921,61943,61947,61957],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,61906,61907,61909,61911,61913,61915,61917,61919],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,61908,3554],{"class":53},[47,61910,58],{"class":57},[47,61912,662],{"class":77},[47,61914,665],{"class":61},[47,61916,668],{"class":77},[47,61918,671],{"class":61},[47,61920,679],{"class":77},[47,61922,61923,61925,61927,61929,61931,61933,61935,61937,61939,61941],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,61924,55569],{"class":53},[47,61926,58],{"class":57},[47,61928,4198],{"class":53},[47,61930,914],{"class":77},[47,61932,53403],{"class":81},[47,61934,2928],{"class":77},[47,61936,2021],{"class":61},[47,61938,668],{"class":77},[47,61940,2404],{"class":61},[47,61942,3825],{"class":77},[47,61944,61945],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,61946,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,61948,61949,61951,61953,61955],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,61950,99],{"class":98},[47,61952,78],{"class":77},[47,61954,55588],{"class":81},[47,61956,85],{"class":77},[47,61958,61959],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,61960,61758],{"class":1378},[20,61962,61963,61964,914],{},"Fix: use the original list after calling ",[15,61965,53373],{},[373,61967,61969,61970,44561,61972,61974],{"id":61968},"_2-using-append-when-extend-is-needed","2. Using ",[15,61971,52579],{},[15,61973,53373],{}," is needed",[38,61976,61977],{"className":40,"code":61328,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,61978,61979,61995,62013,62017,62027],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,61980,61981,61983,61985,61987,61989,61991,61993],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,61982,3554],{"class":53},[47,61984,58],{"class":57},[47,61986,662],{"class":77},[47,61988,665],{"class":61},[47,61990,668],{"class":77},[47,61992,671],{"class":61},[47,61994,679],{"class":77},[47,61996,61997,61999,62001,62003,62005,62007,62009,62011],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,61998,3584],{"class":53},[47,62000,914],{"class":77},[47,62002,13488],{"class":81},[47,62004,2928],{"class":77},[47,62006,2021],{"class":61},[47,62008,668],{"class":77},[47,62010,2404],{"class":61},[47,62012,3825],{"class":77},[47,62014,62015],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,62016,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,62018,62019,62021,62023,62025],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,62020,99],{"class":98},[47,62022,78],{"class":77},[47,62024,3584],{"class":81},[47,62026,85],{"class":77},[47,62028,62029],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,62030,61383],{"class":1378},[20,62032,62033,62034,53818,62036,6565],{},"If you wanted ",[15,62035,53817],{},[15,62037,53373],{},[373,62039,62041],{"id":62040},"_3-passing-a-string-and-being-surprised-by-separate-characters","3. Passing a string and being surprised by separate characters",[38,62043,62045],{"className":40,"code":62044,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.extend(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,62046,62047,62063,62081,62085,62095],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,62048,62049,62051,62053,62055,62057,62059,62061],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,62050,4006],{"class":53},[47,62052,58],{"class":57},[47,62054,662],{"class":77},[47,62056,309],{"class":151},[47,62058,3781],{"class":155},[47,62060,309],{"class":151},[47,62062,679],{"class":77},[47,62064,62065,62067,62069,62071,62073,62075,62077,62079],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,62066,4048],{"class":53},[47,62068,914],{"class":77},[47,62070,53403],{"class":81},[47,62072,78],{"class":77},[47,62074,309],{"class":151},[47,62076,60519],{"class":155},[47,62078,309],{"class":151},[47,62080,85],{"class":77},[47,62082,62083],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,62084,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,62086,62087,62089,62091,62093],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,62088,99],{"class":98},[47,62090,78],{"class":77},[47,62092,4048],{"class":81},[47,62094,85],{"class":77},[47,62096,62097],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,62098,62099],{"class":1378},"# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[20,62101,62102,62103,62106,62107,2826],{},"If you want ",[15,62104,62105],{},"\"world\""," as one item, use ",[15,62108,52579],{},[38,62110,62112],{"className":40,"code":62111,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.append(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'world']\n",[15,62113,62114,62130,62148,62152,62162],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,62115,62116,62118,62120,62122,62124,62126,62128],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,62117,4006],{"class":53},[47,62119,58],{"class":57},[47,62121,662],{"class":77},[47,62123,309],{"class":151},[47,62125,3781],{"class":155},[47,62127,309],{"class":151},[47,62129,679],{"class":77},[47,62131,62132,62134,62136,62138,62140,62142,62144,62146],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,62133,4048],{"class":53},[47,62135,914],{"class":77},[47,62137,13488],{"class":81},[47,62139,78],{"class":77},[47,62141,309],{"class":151},[47,62143,60519],{"class":155},[47,62145,309],{"class":151},[47,62147,85],{"class":77},[47,62149,62150],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,62151,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,62153,62154,62156,62158,62160],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,62155,99],{"class":98},[47,62157,78],{"class":77},[47,62159,4048],{"class":81},[47,62161,85],{"class":77},[47,62163,62164],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,62165,62166],{"class":1378},"# ['hello', 'world']\n",[373,62168,62170],{"id":62169},"_4-trying-to-extend-with-a-non-iterable-like-an-integer","4. Trying to extend with a non-iterable like an integer",[38,62172,62174],{"className":40,"code":62173,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend(5)\n",[15,62175,62176,62192],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,62177,62178,62180,62182,62184,62186,62188,62190],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,62179,3554],{"class":53},[47,62181,58],{"class":57},[47,62183,662],{"class":77},[47,62185,665],{"class":61},[47,62187,668],{"class":77},[47,62189,671],{"class":61},[47,62191,679],{"class":77},[47,62193,62194,62196,62198,62200,62202,62204],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,62195,3584],{"class":53},[47,62197,914],{"class":77},[47,62199,53403],{"class":81},[47,62201,78],{"class":77},[47,62203,2094],{"class":61},[47,62205,85],{"class":77},[20,62207,39589,62208,6485],{},[15,62209,2094],{},[20,62211,62212,62213,62215,62216,62219],{},"You will get a ",[15,62214,2947],{},". See ",[360,62217,62218],{"href":52526},"TypeError: int object is not iterable"," for help fixing that error.",[20,62221,62222],{},"Useful checks while debugging:",[38,62224,62226],{"className":40,"code":62225,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result))\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,62227,62228,62238,62252,62264],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,62229,62230,62232,62234,62236],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,62231,99],{"class":98},[47,62233,78],{"class":77},[47,62235,8270],{"class":81},[47,62237,85],{"class":77},[47,62239,62240,62242,62244,62246,62248,62250],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,62241,99],{"class":98},[47,62243,78],{"class":77},[47,62245,116],{"class":73},[47,62247,78],{"class":77},[47,62249,5291],{"class":81},[47,62251,123],{"class":77},[47,62253,62254,62256,62258,62260,62262],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,62255,99],{"class":98},[47,62257,78],{"class":77},[47,62259,2218],{"class":81},[47,62261,862],{"class":77},[47,62263,85],{"class":53},[47,62265,62266,62268,62270,62272,62274,62276],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,62267,32087],{"class":98},[47,62269,78],{"class":77},[47,62271,8025],{"class":73},[47,62273,914],{"class":77},[47,62275,53403],{"class":24685},[47,62277,85],{"class":77},[43511,62279,62280],{},[20,62281,62282,62283,62286,62287,62289,62290,914],{},"Note: ",[15,62284,62285],{},"print(result))"," has an extra ",[15,62288,862],{}," and would cause a syntax error. The correct version is ",[15,62291,32961],{},[20,62293,62294],{},"Correct debugging example:",[38,62296,62298],{"className":40,"code":62297,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list = [1, 2]\nvalues = [3, 4]\n\nmy_list.extend(values)\n\nresult = None\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result)\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,62299,62300,62316,62332,62336,62350,62354,62362,62372,62386,62396],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,62301,62302,62304,62306,62308,62310,62312,62314],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,62303,8239],{"class":53},[47,62305,58],{"class":57},[47,62307,662],{"class":77},[47,62309,665],{"class":61},[47,62311,668],{"class":77},[47,62313,671],{"class":61},[47,62315,679],{"class":77},[47,62317,62318,62320,62322,62324,62326,62328,62330],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,62319,3758],{"class":53},[47,62321,58],{"class":57},[47,62323,662],{"class":77},[47,62325,2021],{"class":61},[47,62327,668],{"class":77},[47,62329,2404],{"class":61},[47,62331,679],{"class":77},[47,62333,62334],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,62335,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,62337,62338,62340,62342,62344,62346,62348],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,62339,8270],{"class":53},[47,62341,914],{"class":77},[47,62343,53403],{"class":81},[47,62345,78],{"class":77},[47,62347,5291],{"class":81},[47,62349,85],{"class":77},[47,62351,62352],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,62353,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,62355,62356,62358,62360],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,62357,2184],{"class":53},[47,62359,58],{"class":57},[47,62361,48453],{"class":571},[47,62363,62364,62366,62368,62370],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,62365,99],{"class":98},[47,62367,78],{"class":77},[47,62369,8270],{"class":81},[47,62371,85],{"class":77},[47,62373,62374,62376,62378,62380,62382,62384],{"class":49,"line":1734},[47,62375,99],{"class":98},[47,62377,78],{"class":77},[47,62379,116],{"class":73},[47,62381,78],{"class":77},[47,62383,5291],{"class":81},[47,62385,123],{"class":77},[47,62387,62388,62390,62392,62394],{"class":49,"line":6365},[47,62389,99],{"class":98},[47,62391,78],{"class":77},[47,62393,2218],{"class":81},[47,62395,85],{"class":77},[47,62397,62398,62400,62402,62404,62406,62408],{"class":49,"line":6370},[47,62399,32087],{"class":98},[47,62401,78],{"class":77},[47,62403,8025],{"class":73},[47,62405,914],{"class":77},[47,62407,53403],{"class":24685},[47,62409,85],{"class":77},[33,62411,773,62413],{"id":62412},"when-to-use-extend",[15,62414,53373],{},[20,62416,165,62417,6253],{},[15,62418,53373],{},[185,62420,62421,62424,62427],{},[188,62422,62423],{},"Merge two lists into one existing list",[188,62425,62426],{},"Add multiple values at once",[188,62428,62429],{},"Build a list step by step without creating a new list",[20,62431,5405],{},[38,62433,62435],{"className":40,"code":62434,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"all_scores = [90, 85]\nnew_scores = [88, 92]\n\nall_scores.extend(new_scores)\n\nprint(all_scores)\n# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[15,62436,62437,62454,62472,62476,62492,62496,62506],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,62438,62439,62442,62444,62446,62448,62450,62452],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,62440,62441],{"class":53},"all_scores ",[47,62443,58],{"class":57},[47,62445,662],{"class":77},[47,62447,13437],{"class":61},[47,62449,668],{"class":77},[47,62451,13442],{"class":61},[47,62453,679],{"class":77},[47,62455,62456,62459,62461,62463,62465,62467,62470],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,62457,62458],{"class":53},"new_scores ",[47,62460,58],{"class":57},[47,62462,662],{"class":77},[47,62464,51431],{"class":61},[47,62466,668],{"class":77},[47,62468,62469],{"class":61}," 92",[47,62471,679],{"class":77},[47,62473,62474],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,62475,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,62477,62478,62481,62483,62485,62487,62490],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,62479,62480],{"class":53},"all_scores",[47,62482,914],{"class":77},[47,62484,53403],{"class":81},[47,62486,78],{"class":77},[47,62488,62489],{"class":81},"new_scores",[47,62491,85],{"class":77},[47,62493,62494],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,62495,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,62497,62498,62500,62502,62504],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,62499,99],{"class":98},[47,62501,78],{"class":77},[47,62503,62480],{"class":81},[47,62505,85],{"class":77},[47,62507,62508],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,62509,62510],{"class":1378},"# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[20,62512,62513,62514,62516,62517,914],{},"If you need to add just one value, ",[15,62515,52579],{}," is usually better. If you need to add an item at a specific position, see ",[360,62518,55447,62519,10673],{"href":53835},[15,62520,54195],{},[33,62522,1762],{"id":1761},[373,62524,1776,62526,55396],{"id":62525},"does-listextend-return-a-new-list",[15,62527,53274],{},[20,62529,62530,62531,914],{},"No. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,62532,3713],{},[373,62534,5111,62536,4329,62538,1812],{"id":62535},"what-is-the-difference-between-extend-and-append",[15,62537,53373],{},[15,62539,52579],{},[20,62541,62542,62544,62545,62547],{},[15,62543,53373],{}," adds each item from an iterable. ",[15,62546,52579],{}," adds one item as a single element.",[373,62549,28262,62551,62553],{"id":62550},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-string",[15,62552,53373],{}," with a string?",[20,62555,62556],{},"Yes, but each character is added separately.",[373,62558,28262,62560,62562],{"id":62559},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-tuple",[15,62561,53373],{}," with a tuple?",[20,62564,62565],{},"Yes. Each tuple item is added to the list.",[373,62567,62569,62570,1812],{"id":62568},"what-happens-if-i-pass-an-integer-to-extend","What happens if I pass an integer to ",[15,62571,53373],{},[20,62573,62574,62575,62577],{},"You get a ",[15,62576,2947],{}," because an integer is not iterable.",[33,62579,1825],{"id":1824},[185,62581,62582,62588,62592,62596,62600,62606,62610],{},[188,62583,62584],{},[360,62585,55447,62586,10673],{"href":56696},[15,62587,52579],{},[188,62589,62590],{},[360,62591,54205],{"href":52975},[188,62593,62594],{},[360,62595,57155],{"href":57081},[188,62597,62598],{},[360,62599,52698],{"href":50905},[188,62601,62602],{},[360,62603,55447,62604,10673],{"href":53835},[15,62605,54195],{},[188,62607,62608],{},[360,62609,62218],{"href":52526},[188,62611,62612],{},[360,62613,55447,62614,10673],{"href":54887},[15,62615,12710],{},[20,62617,62618,62619,62621,62622,62624],{},"If you are choosing between list methods, the next useful step is learning when to use ",[15,62620,52579],{},", when to use ",[15,62623,54195],{},", and when it makes more sense to create a new merged list instead of changing the original one.",[1875,62626,62627],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":65,"depth":65,"links":62629},[62630,62631,62633,62634,62635,62642,62649,62650,62658,62660,62672],{"id":35,"depth":65,"text":36},{"id":61028,"depth":65,"text":62632},"What list.extend() does",{"id":244,"depth":65,"text":245},{"id":61109,"depth":65,"text":61110},{"id":61245,"depth":65,"text":62636,"children":62637},"extend() vs append()",[62638,62640],{"id":61259,"depth":88,"text":62639},"extend() adds each item from the iterable",{"id":61322,"depth":88,"text":62641},"append() adds the whole object as one item",{"id":61408,"depth":65,"text":62643,"children":62644},"Using extend() with different iterables",[62645,62646,62647,62648],{"id":61419,"depth":88,"text":61420},{"id":61483,"depth":88,"text":61484},{"id":61549,"depth":88,"text":61550},{"id":61623,"depth":88,"text":61624},{"id":61683,"depth":65,"text":61684},{"id":1130,"depth":65,"text":1131,"children":62651},[62652,62654,62656,62657],{"id":61895,"depth":88,"text":62653},"1. Expecting extend() to return a new list",{"id":61968,"depth":88,"text":62655},"2. Using append() when extend() is needed",{"id":62040,"depth":88,"text":62041},{"id":62169,"depth":88,"text":62170},{"id":62412,"depth":65,"text":62659},"When to use extend()",{"id":1761,"depth":65,"text":1762,"children":62661},[62662,62664,62666,62668,62670],{"id":62525,"depth":88,"text":62663},"Does list.extend() return a new list?",{"id":62535,"depth":88,"text":62665},"What is the difference between extend() and append()?",{"id":62550,"depth":88,"text":62667},"Can I use extend() with a string?",{"id":62559,"depth":88,"text":62669},"Can I use extend() with a tuple?",{"id":62568,"depth":88,"text":62671},"What happens if I pass an integer to extend()?",{"id":1824,"depth":65,"text":1825},"Master python list extend method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method",{"title":60932,"description":62673},"reference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method","90pZbU2UqZE69xhKpX2Np0iIiKNAPWOtF52krfvnbak",{"id":62680,"title":62681,"body":62682,"description":64772,"extension":1922,"meta":64773,"navigation":91,"path":64774,"seo":64775,"stem":64776,"__hash__":64777},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained.md","Python list() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":62683,"toc":64735},[62684,62687,62692,62698,62709,62715,62717,62786,62788,62837,62845,62849,62854,62857,62868,62873,62875,62877,62898,62911,62914,62927,62929,62934,62959,62961,62969,62972,63041,63043,63067,63073,63077,63081,63117,63119,63139,63146,63150,63183,63185,63219,63224,63228,63261,63263,63291,63299,63303,63340,63342,63363,63366,63370,63439,63441,63465,63471,63478,63482,63485,63487,63501,63504,63528,63530,63555,63558,63577,63579,63605,63614,63618,63625,63702,63704,63745,63751,63757,63848,63850,63906,63909,63914,63918,63923,63927,63986,63988,64013,64017,64080,64082,64107,64111,64174,64176,64219,64222,64226,64230,64252,64256,64338,64340,64375,64383,64385,64389,64393,64395,64422,64427,64429,64456,64463,64466,64489,64491,64540,64543,64546,64565,64569,64571,64622,64625,64631,64635,64640,64643,64645,64651,64660,64664,64670,64674,64677,64681,64684,64688,64694,64696,64732],[10,62685,62681],{"id":62686},"python-list-function-explained",[20,62688,9055,62689,62691],{},[15,62690,24716],{}," function creates a new list.",[20,62693,62694,62695,62697],{},"Beginners usually use ",[15,62696,24716],{}," for two main reasons:",[185,62699,62700,62703],{},[188,62701,62702],{},"to make an empty list",[188,62704,62705,62706,62708],{},"to convert another iterable, such as a tuple, string, ",[15,62707,59926],{},", set, or dictionary, into a list",[20,62710,62711,62712,62714],{},"This page explains how ",[15,62713,24716],{}," works, what it returns, and when you should use it.",[33,62716,36],{"id":35},[38,62718,62720],{"className":40,"code":62719,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,62721,62722,62744,62762,62766,62776],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,62723,62724,62726,62728,62730,62732,62734,62736,62738,62740,62742],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,62725,3554],{"class":53},[47,62727,58],{"class":57},[47,62729,22494],{"class":73},[47,62731,5444],{"class":77},[47,62733,665],{"class":61},[47,62735,668],{"class":77},[47,62737,671],{"class":61},[47,62739,668],{"class":77},[47,62741,676],{"class":61},[47,62743,123],{"class":77},[47,62745,62746,62748,62750,62752,62754,62756,62758,62760],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,62747,36024],{"class":53},[47,62749,58],{"class":57},[47,62751,22494],{"class":73},[47,62753,78],{"class":77},[47,62755,309],{"class":151},[47,62757,41494],{"class":155},[47,62759,309],{"class":151},[47,62761,85],{"class":77},[47,62763,62764],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,62765,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,62767,62768,62770,62772,62774],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,62769,99],{"class":98},[47,62771,78],{"class":77},[47,62773,3584],{"class":81},[47,62775,85],{"class":77},[47,62777,62778,62780,62782,62784],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,62779,99],{"class":98},[47,62781,78],{"class":77},[47,62783,36077],{"class":81},[47,62785,85],{"class":77},[20,62787,129],{},[38,62789,62791],{"className":40,"code":62790,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2, 3]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,62792,62793,62809],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,62794,62795,62797,62799,62801,62803,62805,62807],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,62796,736],{"class":77},[47,62798,665],{"class":61},[47,62800,668],{"class":77},[47,62802,671],{"class":61},[47,62804,668],{"class":77},[47,62806,676],{"class":61},[47,62808,679],{"class":77},[47,62810,62811,62813,62815,62817,62819,62821,62823,62825,62827,62829,62831,62833,62835],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,62812,736],{"class":77},[47,62814,159],{"class":151},[47,62816,360],{"class":155},[47,62818,159],{"class":151},[47,62820,668],{"class":77},[47,62822,152],{"class":151},[47,62824,4696],{"class":155},[47,62826,159],{"class":151},[47,62828,668],{"class":77},[47,62830,152],{"class":151},[47,62832,9671],{"class":155},[47,62834,159],{"class":151},[47,62836,679],{"class":77},[20,62838,165,62839,62841,62842,62844],{},[15,62840,24716],{}," to create a list from another iterable such as a tuple, string, ",[15,62843,59926],{},", set, or dictionary.",[33,62846,62848],{"id":62847},"what-list-does","What list() does",[20,62850,62851,62853],{},[15,62852,24716],{}," is a built-in Python function.",[20,62855,62856],{},"It can:",[185,62858,62859,62862,62865],{},[188,62860,62861],{},"create a new list object",[188,62863,62864],{},"make an empty list",[188,62866,62867],{},"convert an iterable into a list",[20,62869,62870,62871,914],{},"A list is a changeable sequence of items. If you are new to lists, see ",[360,62872,52698],{"href":50905},[33,62874,245],{"id":244},[20,62876,26420],{},[38,62878,62880],{"className":40,"code":62879,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"list()\nlist(iterable)\n",[15,62881,62882,62888],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,62883,62884,62886],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,62885,8025],{"class":73},[47,62887,8574],{"class":77},[47,62889,62890,62892,62894,62896],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,62891,8025],{"class":73},[47,62893,78],{"class":77},[47,62895,3655],{"class":81},[47,62897,85],{"class":77},[185,62899,62900,62905],{},[188,62901,62902,62904],{},[15,62903,24716],{}," makes an empty list",[188,62906,62907,62910],{},[15,62908,62909],{},"list(iterable)"," converts an iterable to a list",[20,62912,62913],{},"Common iterable values include:",[185,62915,62916,62918,62920,62922,62925],{},[188,62917,5241],{},[188,62919,5235],{},[188,62921,5238],{},[188,62923,62924],{},"ranges",[188,62926,7183],{},[33,62928,59548],{"id":59547},[20,62930,165,62931,62933],{},[15,62932,24716],{}," with no arguments:",[38,62935,62937],{"className":40,"code":62936,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = list()\nprint(items)\n",[15,62938,62939,62949],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,62940,62941,62943,62945,62947],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,62942,657],{"class":53},[47,62944,58],{"class":57},[47,62946,22494],{"class":73},[47,62948,8574],{"class":77},[47,62950,62951,62953,62955,62957],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,62952,99],{"class":98},[47,62954,78],{"class":77},[47,62956,692],{"class":81},[47,62958,85],{"class":77},[20,62960,129],{},[38,62962,62963],{"className":40,"code":38232,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,62964,62965],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,62966,62967],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,62968,38232],{"class":77},[20,62970,62971],{},"This is useful when you want to build a list step by step:",[38,62973,62975],{"className":40,"code":62974,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = list()\n\nitems.append(\"apple\")\nitems.append(\"banana\")\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,62976,62977,62987,62991,63009,63027,63031],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,62978,62979,62981,62983,62985],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,62980,657],{"class":53},[47,62982,58],{"class":57},[47,62984,22494],{"class":73},[47,62986,8574],{"class":77},[47,62988,62989],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,62990,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,62992,62993,62995,62997,62999,63001,63003,63005,63007],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,62994,692],{"class":53},[47,62996,914],{"class":77},[47,62998,13488],{"class":81},[47,63000,78],{"class":77},[47,63002,309],{"class":151},[47,63004,1425],{"class":155},[47,63006,309],{"class":151},[47,63008,85],{"class":77},[47,63010,63011,63013,63015,63017,63019,63021,63023,63025],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,63012,692],{"class":53},[47,63014,914],{"class":77},[47,63016,13488],{"class":81},[47,63018,78],{"class":77},[47,63020,309],{"class":151},[47,63022,1434],{"class":155},[47,63024,309],{"class":151},[47,63026,85],{"class":77},[47,63028,63029],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,63030,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,63032,63033,63035,63037,63039],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,63034,99],{"class":98},[47,63036,78],{"class":77},[47,63038,692],{"class":81},[47,63040,85],{"class":77},[20,63042,129],{},[38,63044,63045],{"className":40,"code":38358,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,63046,63047],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63048,63049,63051,63053,63055,63057,63059,63061,63063,63065],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63050,736],{"class":77},[47,63052,159],{"class":151},[47,63054,1425],{"class":155},[47,63056,159],{"class":151},[47,63058,668],{"class":77},[47,63060,152],{"class":151},[47,63062,1434],{"class":155},[47,63064,159],{"class":151},[47,63066,679],{"class":77},[20,63068,63069,63070,63072],{},"You can also create an empty list with ",[15,63071,3722],{},". Both are valid.",[33,63074,63076],{"id":63075},"convert-common-values-to-a-list","Convert common values to a list",[373,63078,63080],{"id":63079},"tuple-to-list","Tuple to list",[38,63082,63083],{"className":40,"code":59846,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,63084,63085,63107],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63086,63087,63089,63091,63093,63095,63097,63099,63101,63103,63105],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63088,3554],{"class":53},[47,63090,58],{"class":57},[47,63092,22494],{"class":73},[47,63094,5444],{"class":77},[47,63096,665],{"class":61},[47,63098,668],{"class":77},[47,63100,671],{"class":61},[47,63102,668],{"class":77},[47,63104,676],{"class":61},[47,63106,123],{"class":77},[47,63108,63109,63111,63113,63115],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,63110,99],{"class":98},[47,63112,78],{"class":77},[47,63114,3584],{"class":81},[47,63116,85],{"class":77},[20,63118,129],{},[38,63120,63121],{"className":40,"code":55077,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,63122,63123],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63124,63125,63127,63129,63131,63133,63135,63137],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63126,736],{"class":77},[47,63128,665],{"class":61},[47,63130,668],{"class":77},[47,63132,671],{"class":61},[47,63134,668],{"class":77},[47,63136,676],{"class":61},[47,63138,679],{"class":77},[20,63140,63141,63142,914],{},"If you also want to compare this with tuples, see ",[360,63143,63145],{"href":63144},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained\u002F","Python tuple() function explained",[373,63147,63149],{"id":63148},"string-to-list","String to list",[38,63151,63153],{"className":40,"code":63152,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = list(\"cat\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,63154,63155,63173],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63156,63157,63159,63161,63163,63165,63167,63169,63171],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63158,36024],{"class":53},[47,63160,58],{"class":57},[47,63162,22494],{"class":73},[47,63164,78],{"class":77},[47,63166,309],{"class":151},[47,63168,36981],{"class":155},[47,63170,309],{"class":151},[47,63172,85],{"class":77},[47,63174,63175,63177,63179,63181],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,63176,99],{"class":98},[47,63178,78],{"class":77},[47,63180,36077],{"class":81},[47,63182,85],{"class":77},[20,63184,129],{},[38,63186,63188],{"className":40,"code":63187,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['c', 'a', 't']\n",[15,63189,63190],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63191,63192,63194,63196,63198,63200,63202,63204,63206,63208,63210,63212,63215,63217],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63193,736],{"class":77},[47,63195,159],{"class":151},[47,63197,9671],{"class":155},[47,63199,159],{"class":151},[47,63201,668],{"class":77},[47,63203,152],{"class":151},[47,63205,360],{"class":155},[47,63207,159],{"class":151},[47,63209,668],{"class":77},[47,63211,152],{"class":151},[47,63213,63214],{"class":155},"t",[47,63216,159],{"class":151},[47,63218,679],{"class":77},[20,63220,63221,63223],{},[15,63222,24716],{}," takes each character from the string and puts it into the new list.",[373,63225,63227],{"id":63226},"range-to-list","Range to list",[38,63229,63231],{"className":40,"code":63230,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = list(range(5))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,63232,63233,63251],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63234,63235,63237,63239,63241,63243,63245,63247,63249],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63236,3554],{"class":53},[47,63238,58],{"class":57},[47,63240,22494],{"class":73},[47,63242,78],{"class":77},[47,63244,59926],{"class":98},[47,63246,78],{"class":77},[47,63248,2094],{"class":61},[47,63250,123],{"class":77},[47,63252,63253,63255,63257,63259],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,63254,99],{"class":98},[47,63256,78],{"class":77},[47,63258,3584],{"class":81},[47,63260,85],{"class":77},[20,63262,129],{},[38,63264,63265],{"className":40,"code":59949,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,63266,63267],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63268,63269,63271,63273,63275,63277,63279,63281,63283,63285,63287,63289],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63270,736],{"class":77},[47,63272,2077],{"class":61},[47,63274,668],{"class":77},[47,63276,5431],{"class":61},[47,63278,668],{"class":77},[47,63280,671],{"class":61},[47,63282,668],{"class":77},[47,63284,676],{"class":61},[47,63286,668],{"class":77},[47,63288,2404],{"class":61},[47,63290,679],{"class":77},[20,63292,63293,63294,63298],{},"This is common when working with ",[360,63295,63296],{"href":36129},[15,63297,36132],{},", especially when you want to see all the values at once.",[373,63300,63302],{"id":63301},"set-to-list","Set to list",[38,63304,63306],{"className":40,"code":63305,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = list({10, 20, 30})\nprint(values)\n",[15,63307,63308,63330],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63309,63310,63312,63314,63316,63318,63320,63322,63324,63326,63328],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63311,3758],{"class":53},[47,63313,58],{"class":57},[47,63315,22494],{"class":73},[47,63317,5463],{"class":77},[47,63319,193],{"class":61},[47,63321,668],{"class":77},[47,63323,7722],{"class":61},[47,63325,668],{"class":77},[47,63327,7727],{"class":61},[47,63329,30430],{"class":77},[47,63331,63332,63334,63336,63338],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,63333,99],{"class":98},[47,63335,78],{"class":77},[47,63337,5291],{"class":81},[47,63339,85],{"class":77},[20,63341,16894],{},[38,63343,63345],{"className":40,"code":63344,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,63346,63347],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63348,63349,63351,63353,63355,63357,63359,63361],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63350,736],{"class":77},[47,63352,193],{"class":61},[47,63354,668],{"class":77},[47,63356,7722],{"class":61},[47,63358,668],{"class":77},[47,63360,7727],{"class":61},[47,63362,679],{"class":77},[20,63364,63365],{},"This works, but set order is not guaranteed in the way beginners often expect. The items may appear in a different order.",[373,63367,63369],{"id":63368},"dictionary-to-list","Dictionary to list",[38,63371,63373],{"className":40,"code":63372,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = list(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,63374,63375,63411,63425,63429],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63376,63377,63379,63381,63383,63385,63387,63389,63391,63393,63395,63397,63399,63401,63403,63405,63407,63409],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63378,13139],{"class":53},[47,63380,58],{"class":57},[47,63382,10423],{"class":77},[47,63384,309],{"class":151},[47,63386,7601],{"class":155},[47,63388,309],{"class":151},[47,63390,2826],{"class":77},[47,63392,303],{"class":151},[47,63394,12814],{"class":155},[47,63396,309],{"class":151},[47,63398,668],{"class":77},[47,63400,303],{"class":151},[47,63402,82],{"class":155},[47,63404,309],{"class":151},[47,63406,2826],{"class":77},[47,63408,900],{"class":61},[47,63410,9240],{"class":77},[47,63412,63413,63415,63417,63419,63421,63423],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,63414,2184],{"class":53},[47,63416,58],{"class":57},[47,63418,22494],{"class":73},[47,63420,78],{"class":77},[47,63422,17243],{"class":81},[47,63424,85],{"class":77},[47,63426,63427],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,63428,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,63430,63431,63433,63435,63437],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,63432,99],{"class":98},[47,63434,78],{"class":77},[47,63436,2218],{"class":81},[47,63438,85],{"class":77},[20,63440,129],{},[38,63442,63443],{"className":40,"code":25415,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,63444,63445],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63446,63447,63449,63451,63453,63455,63457,63459,63461,63463],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63448,736],{"class":77},[47,63450,159],{"class":151},[47,63452,7601],{"class":155},[47,63454,159],{"class":151},[47,63456,668],{"class":77},[47,63458,152],{"class":151},[47,63460,82],{"class":155},[47,63462,159],{"class":151},[47,63464,679],{"class":77},[20,63466,63467,63468,63470],{},"When you pass a dictionary to ",[15,63469,24716],{},", Python returns the dictionary keys.",[20,63472,63473,63474,914],{},"If you need more help with dictionaries, see ",[360,63475,63477],{"href":63476},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained\u002F","Python dict() function explained",[33,63479,63481],{"id":63480},"what-counts-as-an-iterable","What counts as an iterable",[20,63483,63484],{},"An iterable is something Python can loop through.",[20,63486,61083],{},[185,63488,63489,63491,63493,63495,63497,63499],{},[188,63490,5232],{},[188,63492,5235],{},[188,63494,5241],{},[188,63496,5238],{},[188,63498,62924],{},[188,63500,7183],{},[20,63502,63503],{},"For example, this works because a string is iterable:",[38,63505,63507],{"className":40,"code":63506,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(list(\"hi\"))\n",[15,63508,63509],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63510,63511,63513,63515,63517,63519,63521,63524,63526],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63512,99],{"class":98},[47,63514,78],{"class":77},[47,63516,8025],{"class":73},[47,63518,78],{"class":77},[47,63520,309],{"class":151},[47,63522,63523],{"class":155},"hi",[47,63525,309],{"class":151},[47,63527,123],{"class":77},[20,63529,129],{},[38,63531,63533],{"className":40,"code":63532,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['h', 'i']\n",[15,63534,63535],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63536,63537,63539,63541,63543,63545,63547,63549,63551,63553],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63538,736],{"class":77},[47,63540,159],{"class":151},[47,63542,60366],{"class":155},[47,63544,159],{"class":151},[47,63546,668],{"class":77},[47,63548,152],{"class":151},[47,63550,36088],{"class":155},[47,63552,159],{"class":151},[47,63554,679],{"class":77},[20,63556,63557],{},"But this fails because an integer is not iterable:",[38,63559,63561],{"className":40,"code":63560,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(list(5))\n",[15,63562,63563],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63564,63565,63567,63569,63571,63573,63575],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63566,99],{"class":98},[47,63568,78],{"class":77},[47,63570,8025],{"class":73},[47,63572,78],{"class":77},[47,63574,2094],{"class":61},[47,63576,123],{"class":77},[20,63578,129],{},[38,63580,63582],{"className":40,"code":63581,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable\n",[15,63583,63584],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63585,63586,63588,63590,63592,63594,63596,63598,63600,63602],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63587,2947],{"class":73},[47,63589,2826],{"class":77},[47,63591,152],{"class":151},[47,63593,1050],{"class":155},[47,63595,159],{"class":151},[47,63597,24552],{"class":73},[47,63599,8028],{"class":57},[47,63601,8031],{"class":57},[47,63603,63604],{"class":53}," iterable\n",[20,63606,63607,63608,63610,63611,914],{},"If you want a deeper explanation, read ",[360,63609,5070],{"href":5520},". If you hit this exact error, see ",[360,63612,63613],{"href":52526},"how to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[33,63615,63617],{"id":63616},"list-makes-a-new-list-copy","list() makes a new list copy",[20,63619,63620,63621,63624],{},"If you already have a list, ",[15,63622,63623],{},"list(existing_list)"," creates a new list with the same items:",[38,63626,63628],{"className":40,"code":63627,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = list(original)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,63629,63630,63650,63664,63668,63678,63688],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63631,63632,63634,63636,63638,63640,63642,63644,63646,63648],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63633,12020],{"class":53},[47,63635,58],{"class":57},[47,63637,662],{"class":77},[47,63639,665],{"class":61},[47,63641,668],{"class":77},[47,63643,671],{"class":61},[47,63645,668],{"class":77},[47,63647,676],{"class":61},[47,63649,679],{"class":77},[47,63651,63652,63654,63656,63658,63660,63662],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,63653,14246],{"class":53},[47,63655,58],{"class":57},[47,63657,22494],{"class":73},[47,63659,78],{"class":77},[47,63661,12067],{"class":81},[47,63663,85],{"class":77},[47,63665,63666],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,63667,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,63669,63670,63672,63674,63676],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,63671,99],{"class":98},[47,63673,78],{"class":77},[47,63675,12067],{"class":81},[47,63677,85],{"class":77},[47,63679,63680,63682,63684,63686],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,63681,99],{"class":98},[47,63683,78],{"class":77},[47,63685,14265],{"class":81},[47,63687,85],{"class":77},[47,63689,63690,63692,63694,63696,63698,63700],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,63691,99],{"class":98},[47,63693,78],{"class":77},[47,63695,12020],{"class":81},[47,63697,353],{"class":3812},[47,63699,14319],{"class":81},[47,63701,85],{"class":77},[20,63703,129],{},[38,63705,63707],{"className":40,"code":63706,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3]\nFalse\n",[15,63708,63709,63725,63741],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63710,63711,63713,63715,63717,63719,63721,63723],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63712,736],{"class":77},[47,63714,665],{"class":61},[47,63716,668],{"class":77},[47,63718,671],{"class":61},[47,63720,668],{"class":77},[47,63722,676],{"class":61},[47,63724,679],{"class":77},[47,63726,63727,63729,63731,63733,63735,63737,63739],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,63728,736],{"class":77},[47,63730,665],{"class":61},[47,63732,668],{"class":77},[47,63734,671],{"class":61},[47,63736,668],{"class":77},[47,63738,676],{"class":61},[47,63740,679],{"class":77},[47,63742,63743],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,63744,3976],{"class":571},[20,63746,63747,63748,63750],{},"This means ",[15,63749,14265],{}," is a different list object.",[20,63752,63753,63754,63756],{},"However, this is only a ",[127,63755,12784],{},". Nested items are still shared:",[38,63758,63760],{"className":40,"code":63759,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = list(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,63761,63762,63788,63802,63806,63824,63828,63838],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63763,63764,63766,63768,63770,63772,63774,63776,63778,63780,63782,63784,63786],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63765,12020],{"class":53},[47,63767,58],{"class":57},[47,63769,56221],{"class":77},[47,63771,665],{"class":61},[47,63773,668],{"class":77},[47,63775,671],{"class":61},[47,63777,17997],{"class":77},[47,63779,662],{"class":77},[47,63781,2021],{"class":61},[47,63783,668],{"class":77},[47,63785,2404],{"class":61},[47,63787,53169],{"class":77},[47,63789,63790,63792,63794,63796,63798,63800],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,63791,14246],{"class":53},[47,63793,58],{"class":57},[47,63795,22494],{"class":73},[47,63797,78],{"class":77},[47,63799,12067],{"class":81},[47,63801,85],{"class":77},[47,63803,63804],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,63805,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,63807,63808,63810,63812,63814,63816,63818,63820,63822],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,63809,14265],{"class":53},[47,63811,736],{"class":77},[47,63813,2077],{"class":61},[47,63815,13485],{"class":77},[47,63817,13488],{"class":81},[47,63819,78],{"class":77},[47,63821,56274],{"class":61},[47,63823,85],{"class":77},[47,63825,63826],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,63827,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,63829,63830,63832,63834,63836],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,63831,99],{"class":98},[47,63833,78],{"class":77},[47,63835,12067],{"class":81},[47,63837,85],{"class":77},[47,63839,63840,63842,63844,63846],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,63841,99],{"class":98},[47,63843,78],{"class":77},[47,63845,14265],{"class":81},[47,63847,85],{"class":77},[20,63849,129],{},[38,63851,63852],{"className":40,"code":56305,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,63853,63854,63880],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63855,63856,63858,63860,63862,63864,63866,63868,63870,63872,63874,63876,63878],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63857,56312],{"class":77},[47,63859,665],{"class":61},[47,63861,668],{"class":77},[47,63863,671],{"class":61},[47,63865,668],{"class":77},[47,63867,10129],{"class":61},[47,63869,17997],{"class":77},[47,63871,662],{"class":77},[47,63873,2021],{"class":61},[47,63875,668],{"class":77},[47,63877,2404],{"class":61},[47,63879,53169],{"class":77},[47,63881,63882,63884,63886,63888,63890,63892,63894,63896,63898,63900,63902,63904],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,63883,56312],{"class":77},[47,63885,665],{"class":61},[47,63887,668],{"class":77},[47,63889,671],{"class":61},[47,63891,668],{"class":77},[47,63893,10129],{"class":61},[47,63895,17997],{"class":77},[47,63897,662],{"class":77},[47,63899,2021],{"class":61},[47,63901,668],{"class":77},[47,63903,2404],{"class":61},[47,63905,53169],{"class":77},[20,63907,63908],{},"Both lists changed because the inner list was shared.",[20,63910,63911,63912,914],{},"For more on this, see ",[360,63913,13726],{"href":13725},[33,63915,63917],{"id":63916},"dictionary-behavior","Dictionary behavior",[20,63919,63920,63921,914],{},"Dictionaries often confuse beginners when used with ",[15,63922,24716],{},[373,63924,63926],{"id":63925},"get-dictionary-keys","Get dictionary keys",[38,63928,63930],{"className":40,"code":63929,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student))\n",[15,63931,63932,63972],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63933,63934,63936,63938,63940,63942,63944,63946,63948,63950,63952,63954,63956,63958,63960,63962,63964,63966,63968,63970],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63935,12797],{"class":53},[47,63937,58],{"class":57},[47,63939,10423],{"class":77},[47,63941,309],{"class":151},[47,63943,7601],{"class":155},[47,63945,309],{"class":151},[47,63947,2826],{"class":77},[47,63949,303],{"class":151},[47,63951,7852],{"class":155},[47,63953,309],{"class":151},[47,63955,668],{"class":77},[47,63957,303],{"class":151},[47,63959,19827],{"class":155},[47,63961,309],{"class":151},[47,63963,2826],{"class":77},[47,63965,303],{"class":151},[47,63967,22179],{"class":155},[47,63969,309],{"class":151},[47,63971,9240],{"class":77},[47,63973,63974,63976,63978,63980,63982,63984],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,63975,99],{"class":98},[47,63977,78],{"class":77},[47,63979,8025],{"class":73},[47,63981,78],{"class":77},[47,63983,13561],{"class":81},[47,63985,123],{"class":77},[20,63987,129],{},[38,63989,63991],{"className":40,"code":63990,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['name', 'grade']\n",[15,63992,63993],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63994,63995,63997,63999,64001,64003,64005,64007,64009,64011],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63996,736],{"class":77},[47,63998,159],{"class":151},[47,64000,7601],{"class":155},[47,64002,159],{"class":151},[47,64004,668],{"class":77},[47,64006,152],{"class":151},[47,64008,19827],{"class":155},[47,64010,159],{"class":151},[47,64012,679],{"class":77},[373,64014,64016],{"id":64015},"get-dictionary-values","Get dictionary values",[38,64018,64020],{"className":40,"code":64019,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.values()))\n",[15,64021,64022,64062],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,64023,64024,64026,64028,64030,64032,64034,64036,64038,64040,64042,64044,64046,64048,64050,64052,64054,64056,64058,64060],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64025,12797],{"class":53},[47,64027,58],{"class":57},[47,64029,10423],{"class":77},[47,64031,309],{"class":151},[47,64033,7601],{"class":155},[47,64035,309],{"class":151},[47,64037,2826],{"class":77},[47,64039,303],{"class":151},[47,64041,7852],{"class":155},[47,64043,309],{"class":151},[47,64045,668],{"class":77},[47,64047,303],{"class":151},[47,64049,19827],{"class":155},[47,64051,309],{"class":151},[47,64053,2826],{"class":77},[47,64055,303],{"class":151},[47,64057,22179],{"class":155},[47,64059,309],{"class":151},[47,64061,9240],{"class":77},[47,64063,64064,64066,64068,64070,64072,64074,64076,64078],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,64065,99],{"class":98},[47,64067,78],{"class":77},[47,64069,8025],{"class":73},[47,64071,78],{"class":77},[47,64073,13561],{"class":81},[47,64075,914],{"class":77},[47,64077,5291],{"class":81},[47,64079,6225],{"class":77},[20,64081,129],{},[38,64083,64085],{"className":40,"code":64084,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['Mia', 'A']\n",[15,64086,64087],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,64088,64089,64091,64093,64095,64097,64099,64101,64103,64105],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64090,736],{"class":77},[47,64092,159],{"class":151},[47,64094,7852],{"class":155},[47,64096,159],{"class":151},[47,64098,668],{"class":77},[47,64100,152],{"class":151},[47,64102,22179],{"class":155},[47,64104,159],{"class":151},[47,64106,679],{"class":77},[373,64108,64110],{"id":64109},"get-key-value-pairs","Get key-value pairs",[38,64112,64114],{"className":40,"code":64113,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.items()))\n",[15,64115,64116,64156],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,64117,64118,64120,64122,64124,64126,64128,64130,64132,64134,64136,64138,64140,64142,64144,64146,64148,64150,64152,64154],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64119,12797],{"class":53},[47,64121,58],{"class":57},[47,64123,10423],{"class":77},[47,64125,309],{"class":151},[47,64127,7601],{"class":155},[47,64129,309],{"class":151},[47,64131,2826],{"class":77},[47,64133,303],{"class":151},[47,64135,7852],{"class":155},[47,64137,309],{"class":151},[47,64139,668],{"class":77},[47,64141,303],{"class":151},[47,64143,19827],{"class":155},[47,64145,309],{"class":151},[47,64147,2826],{"class":77},[47,64149,303],{"class":151},[47,64151,22179],{"class":155},[47,64153,309],{"class":151},[47,64155,9240],{"class":77},[47,64157,64158,64160,64162,64164,64166,64168,64170,64172],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,64159,99],{"class":98},[47,64161,78],{"class":77},[47,64163,8025],{"class":73},[47,64165,78],{"class":77},[47,64167,13561],{"class":81},[47,64169,914],{"class":77},[47,64171,692],{"class":81},[47,64173,6225],{"class":77},[20,64175,129],{},[38,64177,64179],{"className":40,"code":64178,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[('name', 'Mia'), ('grade', 'A')]\n",[15,64180,64181],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,64182,64183,64185,64187,64189,64191,64193,64195,64197,64199,64201,64203,64205,64207,64209,64211,64213,64215,64217],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64184,21675],{"class":77},[47,64186,159],{"class":151},[47,64188,7601],{"class":155},[47,64190,159],{"class":151},[47,64192,668],{"class":77},[47,64194,152],{"class":151},[47,64196,7852],{"class":155},[47,64198,159],{"class":151},[47,64200,9166],{"class":77},[47,64202,9169],{"class":77},[47,64204,159],{"class":151},[47,64206,19827],{"class":155},[47,64208,159],{"class":151},[47,64210,668],{"class":77},[47,64212,152],{"class":151},[47,64214,22179],{"class":155},[47,64216,159],{"class":151},[47,64218,9182],{"class":77},[20,64220,64221],{},"This is helpful when you need the keys, values, or pairs in list form.",[33,64223,64225],{"id":64224},"when-to-use-list","When to use list()",[20,64227,165,64228,10533],{},[15,64229,24716],{},[185,64231,64232,64240,64249],{},[188,64233,64234,64235,1389,64237],{},"you need list methods like ",[15,64236,52579],{},[15,64238,64239],{},"sort()",[188,64241,64242,64243,1389,64245,64248],{},"you want to convert ",[15,64244,36132],{},[15,64246,64247],{},"zip()"," results into a visible list",[188,64250,64251],{},"another function gives you an iterable, but you need a real list",[20,64253,45971,64254,2826],{},[15,64255,64247],{},[38,64257,64259],{"className":40,"code":64258,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,64260,64261,64285,64301,64305,64328],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,64262,64263,64265,64267,64269,64271,64273,64275,64277,64279,64281,64283],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64264,4929],{"class":53},[47,64266,58],{"class":57},[47,64268,662],{"class":77},[47,64270,309],{"class":151},[47,64272,12814],{"class":155},[47,64274,309],{"class":151},[47,64276,668],{"class":77},[47,64278,303],{"class":151},[47,64280,35875],{"class":155},[47,64282,309],{"class":151},[47,64284,679],{"class":77},[47,64286,64287,64289,64291,64293,64295,64297,64299],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,64288,4998],{"class":53},[47,64290,58],{"class":57},[47,64292,662],{"class":77},[47,64294,13437],{"class":61},[47,64296,668],{"class":77},[47,64298,13442],{"class":61},[47,64300,679],{"class":77},[47,64302,64303],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,64304,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,64306,64307,64309,64311,64313,64315,64318,64320,64322,64324,64326],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,64308,9148],{"class":53},[47,64310,58],{"class":57},[47,64312,22494],{"class":73},[47,64314,78],{"class":77},[47,64316,64317],{"class":98},"zip",[47,64319,78],{"class":77},[47,64321,4973],{"class":81},[47,64323,668],{"class":77},[47,64325,5044],{"class":81},[47,64327,123],{"class":77},[47,64329,64330,64332,64334,64336],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,64331,99],{"class":98},[47,64333,78],{"class":77},[47,64335,9195],{"class":81},[47,64337,85],{"class":77},[20,64339,129],{},[38,64341,64343],{"className":40,"code":64342,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n",[15,64344,64345],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,64346,64347,64349,64351,64353,64355,64357,64359,64361,64363,64365,64367,64369,64371,64373],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64348,21675],{"class":77},[47,64350,159],{"class":151},[47,64352,12814],{"class":155},[47,64354,159],{"class":151},[47,64356,668],{"class":77},[47,64358,19834],{"class":61},[47,64360,9166],{"class":77},[47,64362,9169],{"class":77},[47,64364,159],{"class":151},[47,64366,35875],{"class":155},[47,64368,159],{"class":151},[47,64370,668],{"class":77},[47,64372,13442],{"class":61},[47,64374,9182],{"class":77},[20,64376,64377,64378,64380,64381,914],{},"After you have a list, you can work with list methods such as ",[15,64379,52579],{},". For a practical next step, see ",[360,64382,52976],{"href":52975},[33,64384,1131],{"id":1130},[20,64386,56703,64387,914],{},[15,64388,24716],{},[373,64390,64392],{"id":64391},"passing-multiple-values-directly","Passing multiple values directly",[20,64394,4460],{},[38,64396,64398],{"className":40,"code":64397,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# Wrong\nlist(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,64399,64400,64404],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,64401,64402],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64403,4470],{"class":1378},[47,64405,64406,64408,64410,64412,64414,64416,64418,64420],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,64407,8025],{"class":73},[47,64409,78],{"class":77},[47,64411,665],{"class":61},[47,64413,668],{"class":77},[47,64415,671],{"class":61},[47,64417,668],{"class":77},[47,64419,676],{"class":61},[47,64421,85],{"class":77},[20,64423,64424,64426],{},[15,64425,24716],{}," accepts one iterable, not several separate values.",[20,64428,18630],{},[38,64430,64432],{"className":40,"code":64431,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(list((1, 2, 3)))\n",[15,64433,64434],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,64435,64436,64438,64440,64442,64444,64446,64448,64450,64452,64454],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64437,99],{"class":98},[47,64439,78],{"class":77},[47,64441,8025],{"class":73},[47,64443,5444],{"class":77},[47,64445,665],{"class":61},[47,64447,668],{"class":77},[47,64449,671],{"class":61},[47,64451,668],{"class":77},[47,64453,676],{"class":61},[47,64455,2854],{"class":77},[373,64457,64459,64460],{"id":64458},"expecting-listhello-to-return-hello","Expecting list(\"hello\") to return ",[47,64461,64462],{},"\"hello\"",[20,64464,64465],{},"This is a common surprise:",[38,64467,64469],{"className":40,"code":64468,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(list(\"hello\"))\n",[15,64470,64471],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,64472,64473,64475,64477,64479,64481,64483,64485,64487],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64474,99],{"class":98},[47,64476,78],{"class":77},[47,64478,8025],{"class":73},[47,64480,78],{"class":77},[47,64482,309],{"class":151},[47,64484,3781],{"class":155},[47,64486,309],{"class":151},[47,64488,123],{"class":77},[20,64490,129],{},[38,64492,64494],{"className":40,"code":64493,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o']\n",[15,64495,64496],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,64497,64498,64500,64502,64504,64506,64508,64510,64512,64514,64516,64518,64520,64522,64524,64526,64528,64530,64532,64534,64536,64538],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64499,736],{"class":77},[47,64501,159],{"class":151},[47,64503,60366],{"class":155},[47,64505,159],{"class":151},[47,64507,668],{"class":77},[47,64509,152],{"class":151},[47,64511,60375],{"class":155},[47,64513,159],{"class":151},[47,64515,668],{"class":77},[47,64517,152],{"class":151},[47,64519,60384],{"class":155},[47,64521,159],{"class":151},[47,64523,668],{"class":77},[47,64525,152],{"class":151},[47,64527,60384],{"class":155},[47,64529,159],{"class":151},[47,64531,668],{"class":77},[47,64533,152],{"class":151},[47,64535,60401],{"class":155},[47,64537,159],{"class":151},[47,64539,679],{"class":77},[20,64541,64542],{},"A string is iterable, so Python takes one character at a time.",[20,64544,64545],{},"If you want a list with one string item, write:",[38,64547,64549],{"className":40,"code":64548,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print([\"hello\"])\n",[15,64550,64551],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,64552,64553,64555,64557,64559,64561,64563],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64554,99],{"class":98},[47,64556,2928],{"class":77},[47,64558,309],{"class":151},[47,64560,3781],{"class":155},[47,64562,309],{"class":151},[47,64564,3825],{"class":77},[373,64566,64568],{"id":64567},"assuming-listdict-returns-values","Assuming list(dict) returns values",[20,64570,1407],{},[38,64572,64574],{"className":40,"code":64573,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(list(data))\n",[15,64575,64576,64608],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,64577,64578,64580,64582,64584,64586,64588,64590,64592,64594,64596,64598,64600,64602,64604,64606],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64579,9098],{"class":53},[47,64581,58],{"class":57},[47,64583,10423],{"class":77},[47,64585,309],{"class":151},[47,64587,360],{"class":155},[47,64589,309],{"class":151},[47,64591,2826],{"class":77},[47,64593,5431],{"class":61},[47,64595,668],{"class":77},[47,64597,303],{"class":151},[47,64599,4696],{"class":155},[47,64601,309],{"class":151},[47,64603,2826],{"class":77},[47,64605,671],{"class":61},[47,64607,9240],{"class":77},[47,64609,64610,64612,64614,64616,64618,64620],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,64611,99],{"class":98},[47,64613,78],{"class":77},[47,64615,8025],{"class":73},[47,64617,78],{"class":77},[47,64619,9137],{"class":81},[47,64621,123],{"class":77},[20,64623,64624],{},"returns the keys, not the values.",[20,64626,165,64627,64630],{},[15,64628,64629],{},"list(data.values())"," if you want values.",[373,64632,64634],{"id":64633},"thinking-list-makes-a-deep-copy","Thinking list() makes a deep copy",[20,64636,64637,64639],{},[15,64638,24716],{}," copies the outer list only.",[20,64641,64642],{},"If the list contains nested mutable items, those inner items are still shared.",[33,64644,1762],{"id":1761},[373,64646,5111,64648,64650],{"id":64647},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-list",[47,64649],{}," and list()?",[20,64652,64653,64654,64656,64657,64659],{},"Both create a new empty list. ",[15,64655,3722],{}," is shorter. ",[15,64658,24716],{}," is often used when converting another iterable.",[373,64661,64663],{"id":64662},"why-does-listabc-split-the-string-into-characters","Why does list(\"abc\") split the string into characters?",[20,64665,64666,64667,64669],{},"A string is iterable, so ",[15,64668,24716],{}," takes each character one at a time.",[373,64671,64673],{"id":64672},"what-does-list-return-for-a-dictionary","What does list() return for a dictionary?",[20,64675,64676],{},"It returns a list of the dictionary keys.",[373,64678,64680],{"id":64679},"does-list-copy-a-list","Does list() copy a list?",[20,64682,64683],{},"Yes, but it makes a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[373,64685,64687],{"id":64686},"why-does-list5-fail","Why does list(5) fail?",[20,64689,64690,64691,64693],{},"An integer is not iterable, so ",[15,64692,24716],{}," cannot loop through it.",[33,64695,1825],{"id":1824},[185,64697,64698,64702,64707,64711,64715,64719,64723,64728],{},[188,64699,64700],{},[360,64701,52698],{"href":50905},[188,64703,64704],{},[360,64705,64706],{"href":36129},"Python range() function explained",[188,64708,64709],{},[360,64710,63145],{"href":63144},[188,64712,64713],{},[360,64714,63477],{"href":63476},[188,64716,64717],{},[360,64718,5148],{"href":5520},[188,64720,64721],{},[360,64722,13726],{"href":13725},[188,64724,64725],{},[360,64726,64727],{"href":52526},"How to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[188,64729,64730],{},[360,64731,54205],{"href":52975},[1875,64733,64734],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":65,"depth":65,"links":64736},[64737,64738,64739,64740,64741,64748,64749,64750,64755,64756,64763,64771],{"id":35,"depth":65,"text":36},{"id":62847,"depth":65,"text":62848},{"id":244,"depth":65,"text":245},{"id":59547,"depth":65,"text":59548},{"id":63075,"depth":65,"text":63076,"children":64742},[64743,64744,64745,64746,64747],{"id":63079,"depth":88,"text":63080},{"id":63148,"depth":88,"text":63149},{"id":63226,"depth":88,"text":63227},{"id":63301,"depth":88,"text":63302},{"id":63368,"depth":88,"text":63369},{"id":63480,"depth":65,"text":63481},{"id":63616,"depth":65,"text":63617},{"id":63916,"depth":65,"text":63917,"children":64751},[64752,64753,64754],{"id":63925,"depth":88,"text":63926},{"id":64015,"depth":88,"text":64016},{"id":64109,"depth":88,"text":64110},{"id":64224,"depth":65,"text":64225},{"id":1130,"depth":65,"text":1131,"children":64757},[64758,64759,64761,64762],{"id":64391,"depth":88,"text":64392},{"id":64458,"depth":88,"text":64760},"Expecting list(\"hello\") to return \"hello\"",{"id":64567,"depth":88,"text":64568},{"id":64633,"depth":88,"text":64634},{"id":1761,"depth":65,"text":1762,"children":64764},[64765,64767,64768,64769,64770],{"id":64647,"depth":88,"text":64766},"What is the difference between  and list()?",{"id":64662,"depth":88,"text":64663},{"id":64672,"depth":88,"text":64673},{"id":64679,"depth":88,"text":64680},{"id":64686,"depth":88,"text":64687},{"id":1824,"depth":65,"text":1825},"Master python list function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained",{"title":62681,"description":64772},"reference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained","YS2GFSTuQJD-E7GkMfcZR7-V24TSmh15u2hjKR2n6nE",{"id":64779,"title":64780,"body":64781,"description":66132,"extension":1922,"meta":66133,"navigation":91,"path":66134,"seo":66135,"stem":66136,"__hash__":66137},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method.md","Python List index() Method",{"type":7,"value":64782,"toc":66106},[64783,64788,64794,64803,64805,64878,64887,64892,64896,64912,64916,64918,64920,64939,64942,64970,64973,64998,65006,65008,65013,65020,65022,65079,65081,65089,65095,65099,65102,65175,65177,65185,65188,65211,65218,65224,65228,65234,65305,65307,65315,65324,65331,65338,65346,65490,65492,65509,65512,65551,65554,65558,65563,65565,65624,65630,65633,65740,65742,65757,65760,65767,65769,65773,65921,65924,65985,65988,65991,66012,66017,66021,66032,66035,66037,66042,66045,66053,66058,66064,66067,66073,66081,66083,66103],[10,64784,54269,64786,11256],{"id":64785},"python-list-index-method",[15,64787,58895],{},[20,64789,64790,64793],{},[15,64791,64792],{},"list.index()"," finds the position of a value in a list.",[20,64795,64796,64797,64800,64801,914],{},"Use it when you have a list and want to know where a specific item appears. It returns the index of the ",[127,64798,64799],{},"first matching item",". If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,64802,40637],{},[33,64804,3544],{"id":3543},[38,64806,64808],{"className":40,"code":64807,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = items.index(\"banana\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,64809,64810,64842,64865],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,64811,64812,64814,64816,64818,64820,64822,64824,64826,64828,64830,64832,64834,64836,64838,64840],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64813,657],{"class":53},[47,64815,58],{"class":57},[47,64817,662],{"class":77},[47,64819,309],{"class":151},[47,64821,1425],{"class":155},[47,64823,309],{"class":151},[47,64825,668],{"class":77},[47,64827,303],{"class":151},[47,64829,1434],{"class":155},[47,64831,309],{"class":151},[47,64833,668],{"class":77},[47,64835,303],{"class":151},[47,64837,4031],{"class":155},[47,64839,309],{"class":151},[47,64841,679],{"class":77},[47,64843,64844,64847,64849,64851,64853,64855,64857,64859,64861,64863],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,64845,64846],{"class":53},"position ",[47,64848,58],{"class":57},[47,64850,5900],{"class":53},[47,64852,914],{"class":77},[47,64854,35780],{"class":81},[47,64856,78],{"class":77},[47,64858,309],{"class":151},[47,64860,1434],{"class":155},[47,64862,309],{"class":151},[47,64864,85],{"class":77},[47,64866,64867,64869,64871,64874,64876],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,64868,99],{"class":98},[47,64870,78],{"class":77},[47,64872,64873],{"class":81},"position",[47,64875,862],{"class":77},[47,64877,27713],{"class":1378},[20,64879,165,64880,64883,64884,64886],{},[15,64881,64882],{},"list.index(value)"," to get the position of the first matching item. It raises ",[15,64885,40637],{}," if the item is not found.",[33,64888,172,64890,175],{"id":64889},"what-listindex-does",[15,64891,64792],{},[20,64893,64894,2826],{},[15,64895,64792],{},[185,64897,64898,64901,64904,64909],{},[188,64899,64900],{},"Finds the position of a value in a list",[188,64902,64903],{},"Returns the index of the first matching item",[188,64905,64906,64907],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at position ",[15,64908,2077],{},[188,64910,64911],{},"Works only if the value exists in the list",[20,64913,54494,64914,914],{},[360,64915,52698],{"href":54497},[33,64917,245],{"id":244},[20,64919,30659],{},[38,64921,64923],{"className":40,"code":64922,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list.index(value)\n",[15,64924,64925],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,64926,64927,64929,64931,64933,64935,64937],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64928,8270],{"class":53},[47,64930,914],{"class":77},[47,64932,35780],{"class":81},[47,64934,78],{"class":77},[47,64936,585],{"class":81},[47,64938,85],{"class":77},[20,64940,64941],{},"You can also limit the search:",[38,64943,64945],{"className":40,"code":64944,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,64946,64947],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,64948,64949,64951,64953,64955,64957,64959,64961,64963,64965,64968],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64950,8270],{"class":53},[47,64952,914],{"class":77},[47,64954,35780],{"class":81},[47,64956,78],{"class":77},[47,64958,585],{"class":81},[47,64960,668],{"class":77},[47,64962,35985],{"class":81},[47,64964,668],{"class":77},[47,64966,64967],{"class":81}," end",[47,64969,85],{"class":77},[20,64971,64972],{},"Here is what each part means:",[185,64974,64975,64980,64985,64990],{},[188,64976,64977,64979],{},[15,64978,585],{},": the item to search for",[188,64981,64982,64984],{},[15,64983,36006],{},": where the search begins",[188,64986,64987,64989],{},[15,64988,52587],{},": where the search stops",[188,64991,64992,849,64994,64997],{},[15,64993,52587],{},[127,64995,64996],{},"not included"," in the search range",[20,64999,65000,65001,65003,65004,914],{},"This means Python searches from ",[15,65002,36006],{}," up to, but not including, ",[15,65005,52587],{},[33,65007,37955],{"id":37954},[20,65009,65010,65012],{},[15,65011,64792],{}," returns an integer.",[20,65014,65015,65016,65019],{},"That integer is the position of the ",[127,65017,65018],{},"first match"," in the list.",[20,65021,800],{},[38,65023,65025],{"className":40,"code":65024,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = numbers.index(20)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,65026,65027,65047,65065,65069],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,65028,65029,65031,65033,65035,65037,65039,65041,65043,65045],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,65030,3554],{"class":53},[47,65032,58],{"class":57},[47,65034,662],{"class":77},[47,65036,193],{"class":61},[47,65038,668],{"class":77},[47,65040,7722],{"class":61},[47,65042,668],{"class":77},[47,65044,7727],{"class":61},[47,65046,679],{"class":77},[47,65048,65049,65051,65053,65055,65057,65059,65061,65063],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,65050,2184],{"class":53},[47,65052,58],{"class":57},[47,65054,4198],{"class":53},[47,65056,914],{"class":77},[47,65058,35780],{"class":81},[47,65060,78],{"class":77},[47,65062,15689],{"class":61},[47,65064,85],{"class":77},[47,65066,65067],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,65068,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,65070,65071,65073,65075,65077],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,65072,99],{"class":98},[47,65074,78],{"class":77},[47,65076,2218],{"class":81},[47,65078,85],{"class":77},[20,65080,129],{},[38,65082,65083],{"className":40,"code":46844,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,65084,65085],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,65086,65087],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,65088,46844],{"class":61},[20,65090,65091,65092,65094],{},"If the same value appears more than once, ",[15,65093,58895],{}," still returns only the first matching position.",[33,65096,65098],{"id":65097},"example-find-an-item-in-a-list","Example: find an item in a list",[20,65100,65101],{},"Here is a simple example with strings:",[38,65103,65105],{"className":40,"code":65104,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = fruits.index(\"cherry\")\n\nprint(position)\n",[15,65106,65107,65139,65161,65165],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,65108,65109,65111,65113,65115,65117,65119,65121,65123,65125,65127,65129,65131,65133,65135,65137],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,65110,36173],{"class":53},[47,65112,58],{"class":57},[47,65114,662],{"class":77},[47,65116,309],{"class":151},[47,65118,1425],{"class":155},[47,65120,309],{"class":151},[47,65122,668],{"class":77},[47,65124,303],{"class":151},[47,65126,1434],{"class":155},[47,65128,309],{"class":151},[47,65130,668],{"class":77},[47,65132,303],{"class":151},[47,65134,4031],{"class":155},[47,65136,309],{"class":151},[47,65138,679],{"class":77},[47,65140,65141,65143,65145,65147,65149,65151,65153,65155,65157,65159],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,65142,64846],{"class":53},[47,65144,58],{"class":57},[47,65146,52778],{"class":53},[47,65148,914],{"class":77},[47,65150,35780],{"class":81},[47,65152,78],{"class":77},[47,65154,309],{"class":151},[47,65156,4031],{"class":155},[47,65158,309],{"class":151},[47,65160,85],{"class":77},[47,65162,65163],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,65164,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,65166,65167,65169,65171,65173],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,65168,99],{"class":98},[47,65170,78],{"class":77},[47,65172,64873],{"class":81},[47,65174,85],{"class":77},[20,65176,129],{},[38,65178,65179],{"className":40,"code":16992,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,65180,65181],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,65182,65183],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,65184,16992],{"class":61},[20,65186,65187],{},"In this list:",[185,65189,65190,65197,65204],{},[188,65191,65192,65194,65195],{},[15,65193,57760],{}," is at index ",[15,65196,2077],{},[188,65198,65199,65194,65202],{},[15,65200,65201],{},"\"banana\"",[15,65203,665],{},[188,65205,65206,65194,65209],{},[15,65207,65208],{},"\"cherry\"",[15,65210,2016],{},[20,65212,53580,65213,2346,65216,914],{},[15,65214,65215],{},"fruits.index(\"cherry\")",[15,65217,2016],{},[20,65219,51469,65220,914],{},[360,65221,65223],{"href":65222},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python","how to find an item in a list in Python",[33,65225,65227],{"id":65226},"example-list-with-duplicate-values","Example: list with duplicate values",[20,65229,65230,65231,65233],{},"If a list contains the same value more than once, ",[15,65232,58895],{}," returns the first match only.",[38,65235,65237],{"className":40,"code":65236,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\n\nprint(colors.index(\"red\"))\n",[15,65238,65239,65279,65283],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,65240,65241,65243,65245,65247,65249,65251,65253,65255,65257,65259,65261,65263,65265,65267,65269,65271,65273,65275,65277],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,65242,13010],{"class":53},[47,65244,58],{"class":57},[47,65246,662],{"class":77},[47,65248,309],{"class":151},[47,65250,13027],{"class":155},[47,65252,309],{"class":151},[47,65254,668],{"class":77},[47,65256,303],{"class":151},[47,65258,13044],{"class":155},[47,65260,309],{"class":151},[47,65262,668],{"class":77},[47,65264,303],{"class":151},[47,65266,13027],{"class":155},[47,65268,309],{"class":151},[47,65270,668],{"class":77},[47,65272,303],{"class":151},[47,65274,17390],{"class":155},[47,65276,309],{"class":151},[47,65278,679],{"class":77},[47,65280,65281],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,65282,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,65284,65285,65287,65289,65291,65293,65295,65297,65299,65301,65303],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,65286,99],{"class":98},[47,65288,78],{"class":77},[47,65290,17437],{"class":81},[47,65292,914],{"class":77},[47,65294,35780],{"class":81},[47,65296,78],{"class":77},[47,65298,309],{"class":151},[47,65300,13027],{"class":155},[47,65302,309],{"class":151},[47,65304,123],{"class":77},[20,65306,129],{},[38,65308,65309],{"className":40,"code":47179,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,65310,65311],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,65312,65313],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,65314,47179],{"class":61},[20,65316,20913,65317,65320,65321,65323],{},[15,65318,65319],{},"\"red\""," appears again later, Python returns ",[15,65322,2077],{}," because that is the first matching position.",[20,65325,65326,65327,914],{},"If you need to count how many times a value appears, use ",[360,65328,55447,65329,10673],{"href":58954},[15,65330,57217],{},[33,65332,1335,65334,4329,65336],{"id":65333},"using-start-and-end",[15,65335,36006],{},[15,65337,52587],{},[20,65339,65340,65341,4329,65343,65345],{},"The optional ",[15,65342,36006],{},[15,65344,52587],{}," arguments let you search only part of a list.",[38,65347,65349],{"className":40,"code":65348,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\"]\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # first match\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # search starting at index 2\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4))  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[15,65350,65351,65399,65403,65428,65457],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,65352,65353,65355,65357,65359,65361,65363,65365,65367,65369,65371,65373,65375,65377,65379,65381,65383,65385,65387,65389,65391,65393,65395,65397],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,65354,36024],{"class":53},[47,65356,58],{"class":57},[47,65358,662],{"class":77},[47,65360,309],{"class":151},[47,65362,360],{"class":155},[47,65364,309],{"class":151},[47,65366,668],{"class":77},[47,65368,303],{"class":151},[47,65370,4696],{"class":155},[47,65372,309],{"class":151},[47,65374,668],{"class":77},[47,65376,303],{"class":151},[47,65378,9671],{"class":155},[47,65380,309],{"class":151},[47,65382,668],{"class":77},[47,65384,303],{"class":151},[47,65386,4696],{"class":155},[47,65388,309],{"class":151},[47,65390,668],{"class":77},[47,65392,303],{"class":151},[47,65394,18703],{"class":155},[47,65396,309],{"class":151},[47,65398,679],{"class":77},[47,65400,65401],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,65402,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,65404,65405,65407,65409,65411,65413,65415,65417,65419,65421,65423,65425],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,65406,99],{"class":98},[47,65408,78],{"class":77},[47,65410,36077],{"class":81},[47,65412,914],{"class":77},[47,65414,35780],{"class":81},[47,65416,78],{"class":77},[47,65418,309],{"class":151},[47,65420,4696],{"class":155},[47,65422,309],{"class":151},[47,65424,5294],{"class":77},[47,65426,65427],{"class":1378},"        # first match\n",[47,65429,65430,65432,65434,65436,65438,65440,65442,65444,65446,65448,65450,65452,65454],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,65431,99],{"class":98},[47,65433,78],{"class":77},[47,65435,36077],{"class":81},[47,65437,914],{"class":77},[47,65439,35780],{"class":81},[47,65441,78],{"class":77},[47,65443,309],{"class":151},[47,65445,4696],{"class":155},[47,65447,309],{"class":151},[47,65449,668],{"class":77},[47,65451,671],{"class":61},[47,65453,5294],{"class":77},[47,65455,65456],{"class":1378},"     # search starting at index 2\n",[47,65458,65459,65461,65463,65465,65467,65469,65471,65473,65475,65477,65479,65481,65483,65485,65487],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,65460,99],{"class":98},[47,65462,78],{"class":77},[47,65464,36077],{"class":81},[47,65466,914],{"class":77},[47,65468,35780],{"class":81},[47,65470,78],{"class":77},[47,65472,309],{"class":151},[47,65474,4696],{"class":155},[47,65476,309],{"class":151},[47,65478,668],{"class":77},[47,65480,5431],{"class":61},[47,65482,668],{"class":77},[47,65484,2404],{"class":61},[47,65486,5294],{"class":77},[47,65488,65489],{"class":1378},"  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[20,65491,129],{},[38,65493,65495],{"className":40,"code":65494,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"1\n3\n1\n",[15,65496,65497,65501,65505],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,65498,65499],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,65500,46844],{"class":61},[47,65502,65503],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,65504,46544],{"class":61},[47,65506,65507],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,65508,46844],{"class":61},[20,65510,65511],{},"How this works:",[185,65513,65514,65526,65539],{},[188,65515,65516,65519,65520,65523,65524],{},[15,65517,65518],{},"letters.index(\"b\")"," searches the whole list and returns the first ",[15,65521,65522],{},"\"b\""," at index ",[15,65525,665],{},[188,65527,65528,65531,65532,65534,65535,65523,65537],{},[15,65529,65530],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 2)"," starts searching at index ",[15,65533,2016],{},", so it finds the next ",[15,65536,65522],{},[15,65538,2021],{},[188,65540,65541,65544,65545,1752,65547,17008,65549],{},[15,65542,65543],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4)"," searches indexes ",[15,65546,665],{},[15,65548,2016],{},[15,65550,2021],{},[20,65552,65553],{},"This is useful when you want to skip earlier items and find a later match.",[33,65555,65557],{"id":65556},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-missing","What happens if the value is missing",[20,65559,65560,65561,914],{},"If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,65562,40637],{},[20,65564,800],{},[38,65566,65568],{"className":40,"code":65567,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(items.index(\"orange\"))\n",[15,65569,65570,65602],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,65571,65572,65574,65576,65578,65580,65582,65584,65586,65588,65590,65592,65594,65596,65598,65600],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,65573,657],{"class":53},[47,65575,58],{"class":57},[47,65577,662],{"class":77},[47,65579,309],{"class":151},[47,65581,1425],{"class":155},[47,65583,309],{"class":151},[47,65585,668],{"class":77},[47,65587,303],{"class":151},[47,65589,1434],{"class":155},[47,65591,309],{"class":151},[47,65593,668],{"class":77},[47,65595,303],{"class":151},[47,65597,4031],{"class":155},[47,65599,309],{"class":151},[47,65601,679],{"class":77},[47,65603,65604,65606,65608,65610,65612,65614,65616,65618,65620,65622],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,65605,99],{"class":98},[47,65607,78],{"class":77},[47,65609,692],{"class":81},[47,65611,914],{"class":77},[47,65613,35780],{"class":81},[47,65615,78],{"class":77},[47,65617,309],{"class":151},[47,65619,1443],{"class":155},[47,65621,309],{"class":151},[47,65623,123],{"class":77},[20,65625,39589,65626,65629],{},[15,65627,65628],{},"\"orange\""," is not in the list.",[20,65631,65632],{},"A safer approach is to check first:",[38,65634,65636],{"className":40,"code":65635,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nsearch_value = \"orange\"\n\nif search_value in items:\n    print(items.index(search_value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Item not found\")\n",[15,65637,65638,65670,65683,65687,65700,65719,65725],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,65639,65640,65642,65644,65646,65648,65650,65652,65654,65656,65658,65660,65662,65664,65666,65668],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,65641,657],{"class":53},[47,65643,58],{"class":57},[47,65645,662],{"class":77},[47,65647,309],{"class":151},[47,65649,1425],{"class":155},[47,65651,309],{"class":151},[47,65653,668],{"class":77},[47,65655,303],{"class":151},[47,65657,1434],{"class":155},[47,65659,309],{"class":151},[47,65661,668],{"class":77},[47,65663,303],{"class":151},[47,65665,4031],{"class":155},[47,65667,309],{"class":151},[47,65669,679],{"class":77},[47,65671,65672,65675,65677,65679,65681],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,65673,65674],{"class":53},"search_value ",[47,65676,58],{"class":57},[47,65678,303],{"class":151},[47,65680,1443],{"class":155},[47,65682,820],{"class":151},[47,65684,65685],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,65686,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,65688,65689,65691,65694,65696,65698],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,65690,6930],{"class":3812},[47,65692,65693],{"class":53}," search_value ",[47,65695,3819],{"class":57},[47,65697,5900],{"class":53},[47,65699,6329],{"class":77},[47,65701,65702,65704,65706,65708,65710,65712,65714,65717],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,65703,8000],{"class":98},[47,65705,78],{"class":77},[47,65707,692],{"class":81},[47,65709,914],{"class":77},[47,65711,35780],{"class":81},[47,65713,78],{"class":77},[47,65715,65716],{"class":81},"search_value",[47,65718,123],{"class":77},[47,65720,65721,65723],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,65722,27367],{"class":3812},[47,65724,6329],{"class":77},[47,65726,65727,65729,65731,65733,65736,65738],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,65728,8000],{"class":98},[47,65730,78],{"class":77},[47,65732,309],{"class":151},[47,65734,65735],{"class":155},"Item not found",[47,65737,309],{"class":151},[47,65739,85],{"class":77},[20,65741,129],{},[38,65743,65745],{"className":40,"code":65744,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Item not found\n",[15,65746,65747],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,65748,65749,65752,65754],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,65750,65751],{"class":53},"Item ",[47,65753,768],{"class":57},[47,65755,65756],{"class":53}," found\n",[20,65758,65759],{},"This avoids the error and makes your code easier to understand.",[20,65761,65762,65763,914],{},"If you want more help with this kind of problem, see ",[360,65764,65766],{"href":65765},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes","ValueError in Python: causes and fixes",[33,65768,1131],{"id":1130},[20,65770,21147,65771,2826],{},[15,65772,64792],{},[185,65774,65775,65793,65805,65865],{},[188,65776,1135,65777,2346,65779,65782,65783,65785,65786,5093,65788,65790,65791,914],{},[15,65778,58895],{},[15,65780,65781],{},"-1"," if the item is missing",[9778,65784],{},"\nPython does ",[127,65787,768],{},[15,65789,65781],{},". It raises ",[15,65792,40637],{},[188,65794,65795,65796,65798,65801,65802,65804],{},"Confusing the item value with the item position",[9778,65797],{},[15,65799,65800],{},"my_list.index(\"banana\")"," returns the position of ",[15,65803,65201],{},", not the value itself.",[188,65806,1335,65807,11025,65810,65812,65814,65815,16591,65817,65840,16579,65842],{},[15,65808,65809],{},"index[]",[15,65811,58895],{},[9778,65813],{},"\nThis is a method call, so you must use parentheses.",[9778,65816],{},[38,65818,65820],{"className":40,"code":65819,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items.index(\"banana\")\n",[15,65821,65822],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,65823,65824,65826,65828,65830,65832,65834,65836,65838],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,65825,692],{"class":53},[47,65827,914],{"class":77},[47,65829,35780],{"class":81},[47,65831,78],{"class":77},[47,65833,309],{"class":151},[47,65835,1434],{"class":155},[47,65837,309],{"class":151},[47,65839,85],{"class":77},[9778,65841],{},[38,65843,65845],{"className":40,"code":65844,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items.index[\"banana\"]\n",[15,65846,65847],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,65848,65849,65851,65853,65855,65857,65859,65861,65863],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,65850,692],{"class":53},[47,65852,914],{"class":77},[47,65854,35780],{"class":24685},[47,65856,736],{"class":77},[47,65858,309],{"class":151},[47,65860,1434],{"class":155},[47,65862,309],{"class":151},[47,65864,679],{"class":77},[188,65866,65867,65868,65870,4329,65873,65875,65876],{},"Searching with the wrong type",[9778,65869],{},[15,65871,65872],{},"\"3\"",[15,65874,2021],{}," are different values in Python.",[38,65877,65879],{"className":40,"code":65878,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\"3\" in numbers)  # False\n",[15,65880,65881,65901],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,65882,65883,65885,65887,65889,65891,65893,65895,65897,65899],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,65884,3554],{"class":53},[47,65886,58],{"class":57},[47,65888,662],{"class":77},[47,65890,665],{"class":61},[47,65892,668],{"class":77},[47,65894,671],{"class":61},[47,65896,668],{"class":77},[47,65898,676],{"class":61},[47,65900,679],{"class":77},[47,65902,65903,65905,65907,65909,65911,65913,65915,65917,65919],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,65904,99],{"class":98},[47,65906,78],{"class":77},[47,65908,309],{"class":151},[47,65910,2021],{"class":155},[47,65912,309],{"class":151},[47,65914,21109],{"class":3812},[47,65916,4198],{"class":81},[47,65918,862],{"class":77},[47,65920,4707],{"class":1378},[20,65922,65923],{},"If your code is not working, these quick checks can help:",[38,65925,65927],{"className":40,"code":65926,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(search_value))\nprint(search_value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.index(search_value))\n",[15,65928,65929,65939,65953,65967],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,65930,65931,65933,65935,65937],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,65932,99],{"class":98},[47,65934,78],{"class":77},[47,65936,8270],{"class":81},[47,65938,85],{"class":77},[47,65940,65941,65943,65945,65947,65949,65951],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,65942,99],{"class":98},[47,65944,78],{"class":77},[47,65946,116],{"class":73},[47,65948,78],{"class":77},[47,65950,65716],{"class":81},[47,65952,123],{"class":77},[47,65954,65955,65957,65959,65961,65963,65965],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,65956,99],{"class":98},[47,65958,78],{"class":77},[47,65960,65674],{"class":81},[47,65962,3819],{"class":3812},[47,65964,8327],{"class":81},[47,65966,85],{"class":77},[47,65968,65969,65971,65973,65975,65977,65979,65981,65983],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,65970,99],{"class":98},[47,65972,78],{"class":77},[47,65974,8270],{"class":81},[47,65976,914],{"class":77},[47,65978,35780],{"class":81},[47,65980,78],{"class":77},[47,65982,65716],{"class":81},[47,65984,123],{"class":77},[20,65986,65987],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will still raise an error if the value is missing.",[20,65989,65990],{},"Common causes of problems include:",[185,65992,65993,65996,66003,66009],{},[188,65994,65995],{},"The searched value is not in the list",[188,65997,65998,65999,11025,66001],{},"The value exists but has a different type, such as ",[15,66000,65872],{},[15,66002,2021],{},[188,66004,66005,66006,66008],{},"The code expects all matches, but ",[15,66007,58895],{}," returns only the first one",[188,66010,66011],{},"Parentheses were forgotten when calling the method",[33,66013,773,66015],{"id":66014},"when-to-use-index",[15,66016,58895],{},[20,66018,165,66019,10533],{},[15,66020,58895],{},[185,66022,66023,66026,66029],{},[188,66024,66025],{},"You need the position of a known value",[188,66027,66028],{},"You are working with a small list",[188,66030,66031],{},"You only need the first matching position",[20,66033,66034],{},"Do not use it when you need every matching position. In that case, a loop or list comprehension is a better choice.",[33,66036,1762],{"id":1761},[373,66038,1766,66040,1769],{"id":66039},"what-does-listindex-return-in-python",[15,66041,64792],{},[20,66043,66044],{},"It returns the index of the first matching item in the list.",[373,66046,1776,66048,5093,66050,66052],{"id":66047},"does-listindex-return-1-if-the-value-is-not-found",[15,66049,64792],{},[15,66051,65781],{}," if the value is not found?",[20,66054,66055,66056,6565],{},"No. It raises ",[15,66057,40637],{},[373,66059,1786,66061,66063],{"id":66060},"can-listindex-find-all-matching-items",[15,66062,64792],{}," find all matching items?",[20,66065,66066],{},"No. It returns only the first match.",[373,66068,66070,66071,1812],{"id":66069},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-list-with-index","Can I search only part of a list with ",[15,66072,58895],{},[20,66074,66075,66076,4329,66078,66080],{},"Yes. You can use the optional ",[15,66077,36006],{},[15,66079,52587],{}," arguments.",[33,66082,1825],{"id":1824},[185,66084,66085,66089,66093,66097],{},[188,66086,66087],{},[360,66088,58883],{"href":65222},[188,66090,66091],{},[360,66092,52698],{"href":54497},[188,66094,66095],{},[360,66096,65766],{"href":65765},[188,66098,66099],{},[360,66100,55447,66101,10673],{"href":58954},[15,66102,57217],{},[1875,66104,66105],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":65,"depth":65,"links":66107},[66108,66109,66111,66112,66113,66114,66115,66117,66118,66119,66121,66131],{"id":3543,"depth":65,"text":3544},{"id":64889,"depth":65,"text":66110},"What list.index() does",{"id":244,"depth":65,"text":245},{"id":37954,"depth":65,"text":37955},{"id":65097,"depth":65,"text":65098},{"id":65226,"depth":65,"text":65227},{"id":65333,"depth":65,"text":66116},"Using start and end",{"id":65556,"depth":65,"text":65557},{"id":1130,"depth":65,"text":1131},{"id":66014,"depth":65,"text":66120},"When to use index()",{"id":1761,"depth":65,"text":1762,"children":66122},[66123,66125,66127,66129],{"id":66039,"depth":88,"text":66124},"What does list.index() return in Python?",{"id":66047,"depth":88,"text":66126},"Does list.index() return -1 if the value is not found?",{"id":66060,"depth":88,"text":66128},"Can list.index() find all matching items?",{"id":66069,"depth":88,"text":66130},"Can I search only part of a list with index()?",{"id":1824,"depth":65,"text":1825},"Master python list index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method",{"title":64780,"description":66132},"reference\u002Fpython-list-index-method","AmwxQ3VBBVSHTCmxaOPqq2Gy26F_doVR46oMWCVmI50",{"id":66139,"title":66140,"body":66141,"description":68083,"extension":1922,"meta":68084,"navigation":91,"path":68085,"seo":68086,"stem":68087,"__hash__":68088},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method.md","Python List insert() Method",{"type":7,"value":66142,"toc":68043},[66143,66148,66153,66156,66165,66222,66228,66233,66237,66251,66257,66259,66282,66299,66301,66362,66364,66396,66409,66411,66414,66514,66516,66594,66600,66604,66612,66616,66622,66677,66679,66703,66707,66710,66763,66765,66789,66793,66796,66849,66851,66875,66879,66885,66956,66958,66999,67005,67012,67015,67020,67028,67033,67041,67043,67140,67142,67211,67218,67223,67225,67229,67234,67236,67307,67309,67338,67344,67346,67373,67376,67399,67403,67406,67428,67431,67454,67456,67516,67518,67550,67556,67561,67614,67616,67641,67644,67693,67695,67716,67720,67725,67728,67783,67785,67812,67819,67823,67828,67899,67902,67916,67921,67926,67928,67942,67954,67959,67961,67966,67971,67975,67978,67984,67990,67997,68005,68007,68040],[10,66144,54269,66146,11256],{"id":66145},"python-list-insert-method",[15,66147,54195],{},[20,66149,66150,66152],{},[15,66151,53838],{}," adds an item to a list at a specific position.",[20,66154,66155],{},"This method is useful when the position matters. For example, you may want to add a new value at the beginning of a list, in the middle, or just before the last item.",[20,66157,165,66158,66160,66161,914],{},[15,66159,54195],{}," when you need to place an item at a chosen index. If you only want to add an item at the end, see the ",[360,66162,55447,66163,10673],{"href":56696},[15,66164,52579],{},[38,66166,66168],{"className":40,"code":66167,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 4]\nnumbers.insert(2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,66169,66170,66190,66208,66218],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,66171,66172,66174,66176,66178,66180,66182,66184,66186,66188],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,66173,3554],{"class":53},[47,66175,58],{"class":57},[47,66177,662],{"class":77},[47,66179,665],{"class":61},[47,66181,668],{"class":77},[47,66183,671],{"class":61},[47,66185,668],{"class":77},[47,66187,2404],{"class":61},[47,66189,679],{"class":77},[47,66191,66192,66194,66196,66198,66200,66202,66204,66206],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,66193,3584],{"class":53},[47,66195,914],{"class":77},[47,66197,53878],{"class":81},[47,66199,78],{"class":77},[47,66201,2016],{"class":61},[47,66203,668],{"class":77},[47,66205,676],{"class":61},[47,66207,85],{"class":77},[47,66209,66210,66212,66214,66216],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,66211,99],{"class":98},[47,66213,78],{"class":77},[47,66215,3584],{"class":81},[47,66217,85],{"class":77},[47,66219,66220],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,66221,52650],{"class":1378},[20,66223,165,66224,66227],{},[15,66225,66226],{},"list.insert(index, value)"," to add an item at a specific position.",[33,66229,172,66231,175],{"id":66230},"what-listinsert-does",[15,66232,53838],{},[20,66234,66235,2826],{},[15,66236,53838],{},[185,66238,66239,66242,66245,66247],{},[188,66240,66241],{},"Adds one item into a list at a chosen position",[188,66243,66244],{},"Shifts existing items to the right",[188,66246,54355],{},[188,66248,11358,66249],{},[15,66250,3713],{},[20,66252,66253,66254,66256],{},"That last point is important. ",[15,66255,54195],{}," does not create a new list.",[33,66258,5364],{"id":5363},[38,66260,66262],{"className":40,"code":66261,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list.insert(index, item)\n",[15,66263,66264],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,66265,66266,66268,66270,66272,66274,66276,66278,66280],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,66267,8270],{"class":53},[47,66269,914],{"class":77},[47,66271,53878],{"class":81},[47,66273,78],{"class":77},[47,66275,35780],{"class":81},[47,66277,668],{"class":77},[47,66279,29441],{"class":81},[47,66281,85],{"class":77},[185,66283,66284,66289,66294],{},[188,66285,66286,66288],{},[15,66287,35780],{}," is the position where the new item should go",[188,66290,66291,66293],{},[15,66292,23245],{}," is the value to add",[188,66295,66296,66297],{},"The first list position is index ",[15,66298,2077],{},[20,66300,800],{},[38,66302,66304],{"className":40,"code":66303,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,66305,66306,66330,66352],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,66307,66308,66310,66312,66314,66316,66318,66320,66322,66324,66326,66328],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,66309,36024],{"class":53},[47,66311,58],{"class":57},[47,66313,662],{"class":77},[47,66315,309],{"class":151},[47,66317,360],{"class":155},[47,66319,309],{"class":151},[47,66321,668],{"class":77},[47,66323,303],{"class":151},[47,66325,9671],{"class":155},[47,66327,309],{"class":151},[47,66329,679],{"class":77},[47,66331,66332,66334,66336,66338,66340,66342,66344,66346,66348,66350],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,66333,36077],{"class":53},[47,66335,914],{"class":77},[47,66337,53878],{"class":81},[47,66339,78],{"class":77},[47,66341,665],{"class":61},[47,66343,668],{"class":77},[47,66345,303],{"class":151},[47,66347,4696],{"class":155},[47,66349,309],{"class":151},[47,66351,85],{"class":77},[47,66353,66354,66356,66358,66360],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,66355,99],{"class":98},[47,66357,78],{"class":77},[47,66359,36077],{"class":81},[47,66361,85],{"class":77},[20,66363,129],{},[38,66365,66366],{"className":40,"code":42806,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,66367,66368],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,66369,66370,66372,66374,66376,66378,66380,66382,66384,66386,66388,66390,66392,66394],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,66371,736],{"class":77},[47,66373,159],{"class":151},[47,66375,360],{"class":155},[47,66377,159],{"class":151},[47,66379,668],{"class":77},[47,66381,152],{"class":151},[47,66383,4696],{"class":155},[47,66385,159],{"class":151},[47,66387,668],{"class":77},[47,66389,152],{"class":151},[47,66391,9671],{"class":155},[47,66393,159],{"class":151},[47,66395,679],{"class":77},[20,66397,267,66398,66400,66401,66403,66404,4329,66406,914],{},[15,66399,65522],{}," is inserted at index ",[15,66402,665],{},", so it appears between ",[15,66405,18031],{},[15,66407,66408],{},"\"c\"",[33,66410,5721],{"id":5720},[20,66412,66413],{},"Here is a simple before-and-after example:",[38,66415,66417],{"className":40,"code":66416,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\"Before:\", colors)\n\ncolors.insert(1, \"yellow\")\nprint(\"After: \", colors)\n",[15,66418,66419,66451,66469,66473,66495],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,66420,66421,66423,66425,66427,66429,66431,66433,66435,66437,66439,66441,66443,66445,66447,66449],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,66422,13010],{"class":53},[47,66424,58],{"class":57},[47,66426,662],{"class":77},[47,66428,309],{"class":151},[47,66430,13027],{"class":155},[47,66432,309],{"class":151},[47,66434,668],{"class":77},[47,66436,303],{"class":151},[47,66438,13044],{"class":155},[47,66440,309],{"class":151},[47,66442,668],{"class":77},[47,66444,303],{"class":151},[47,66446,17390],{"class":155},[47,66448,309],{"class":151},[47,66450,679],{"class":77},[47,66452,66453,66455,66457,66459,66461,66463,66465,66467],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,66454,99],{"class":98},[47,66456,78],{"class":77},[47,66458,309],{"class":151},[47,66460,11497],{"class":155},[47,66462,309],{"class":151},[47,66464,668],{"class":77},[47,66466,13058],{"class":81},[47,66468,85],{"class":77},[47,66470,66471],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,66472,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,66474,66475,66477,66479,66481,66483,66485,66487,66489,66491,66493],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,66476,17437],{"class":53},[47,66478,914],{"class":77},[47,66480,53878],{"class":81},[47,66482,78],{"class":77},[47,66484,665],{"class":61},[47,66486,668],{"class":77},[47,66488,303],{"class":151},[47,66490,22458],{"class":155},[47,66492,309],{"class":151},[47,66494,85],{"class":77},[47,66496,66497,66499,66501,66503,66506,66508,66510,66512],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,66498,99],{"class":98},[47,66500,78],{"class":77},[47,66502,309],{"class":151},[47,66504,66505],{"class":155},"After: ",[47,66507,309],{"class":151},[47,66509,668],{"class":77},[47,66511,13058],{"class":81},[47,66513,85],{"class":77},[20,66515,129],{},[38,66517,66519],{"className":40,"code":66518,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Before: ['red', 'blue', 'green']\nAfter:  ['red', 'yellow', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,66520,66521,66553],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,66522,66523,66525,66527,66529,66531,66533,66535,66537,66539,66541,66543,66545,66547,66549,66551],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,66524,11557],{"class":53},[47,66526,2826],{"class":77},[47,66528,662],{"class":77},[47,66530,159],{"class":151},[47,66532,13027],{"class":155},[47,66534,159],{"class":151},[47,66536,668],{"class":77},[47,66538,152],{"class":151},[47,66540,13044],{"class":155},[47,66542,159],{"class":151},[47,66544,668],{"class":77},[47,66546,152],{"class":151},[47,66548,17390],{"class":155},[47,66550,159],{"class":151},[47,66552,679],{"class":77},[47,66554,66555,66557,66559,66562,66564,66566,66568,66570,66572,66574,66576,66578,66580,66582,66584,66586,66588,66590,66592],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,66556,11610],{"class":53},[47,66558,2826],{"class":77},[47,66560,66561],{"class":77},"  [",[47,66563,159],{"class":151},[47,66565,13027],{"class":155},[47,66567,159],{"class":151},[47,66569,668],{"class":77},[47,66571,152],{"class":151},[47,66573,22458],{"class":155},[47,66575,159],{"class":151},[47,66577,668],{"class":77},[47,66579,152],{"class":151},[47,66581,13044],{"class":155},[47,66583,159],{"class":151},[47,66585,668],{"class":77},[47,66587,152],{"class":151},[47,66589,17390],{"class":155},[47,66591,159],{"class":151},[47,66593,679],{"class":77},[20,66595,66596,66597,66599],{},"The new value appears at index ",[15,66598,665],{},". The existing items from that position onward move one place to the right.",[33,66601,66603],{"id":66602},"how-the-index-works","How the index works",[20,66605,1939,66606,35263,66608,66611],{},[15,66607,35780],{},[15,66609,66610],{},"insert(index, item)"," controls where the new item is placed.",[373,66613,66615],{"id":66614},"insert-at-the-beginning","Insert at the beginning",[20,66617,66618,66619,66621],{},"Use index ",[15,66620,2077],{}," to add an item at the start of the list.",[38,66623,66625],{"className":40,"code":66624,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"nums = [2, 3, 4]\nnums.insert(0, 1)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66626,66627,66648,66667],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,66628,66629,66632,66634,66636,66638,66640,66642,66644,66646],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,66630,66631],{"class":53},"nums ",[47,66633,58],{"class":57},[47,66635,662],{"class":77},[47,66637,2016],{"class":61},[47,66639,668],{"class":77},[47,66641,676],{"class":61},[47,66643,668],{"class":77},[47,66645,2404],{"class":61},[47,66647,679],{"class":77},[47,66649,66650,66653,66655,66657,66659,66661,66663,66665],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,66651,66652],{"class":53},"nums",[47,66654,914],{"class":77},[47,66656,53878],{"class":81},[47,66658,78],{"class":77},[47,66660,2077],{"class":61},[47,66662,668],{"class":77},[47,66664,5431],{"class":61},[47,66666,85],{"class":77},[47,66668,66669,66671,66673,66675],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,66670,99],{"class":98},[47,66672,78],{"class":77},[47,66674,66652],{"class":81},[47,66676,85],{"class":77},[20,66678,129],{},[38,66680,66681],{"className":40,"code":53432,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,66682,66683],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,66684,66685,66687,66689,66691,66693,66695,66697,66699,66701],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,66686,736],{"class":77},[47,66688,665],{"class":61},[47,66690,668],{"class":77},[47,66692,671],{"class":61},[47,66694,668],{"class":77},[47,66696,676],{"class":61},[47,66698,668],{"class":77},[47,66700,2404],{"class":61},[47,66702,679],{"class":77},[373,66704,66706],{"id":66705},"insert-in-the-middle","Insert in the middle",[20,66708,66709],{},"A middle index inserts between existing items.",[38,66711,66713],{"className":40,"code":66712,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"nums = [1, 2, 4]\nnums.insert(2, 3)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66714,66715,66735,66753],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,66716,66717,66719,66721,66723,66725,66727,66729,66731,66733],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,66718,66631],{"class":53},[47,66720,58],{"class":57},[47,66722,662],{"class":77},[47,66724,665],{"class":61},[47,66726,668],{"class":77},[47,66728,671],{"class":61},[47,66730,668],{"class":77},[47,66732,2404],{"class":61},[47,66734,679],{"class":77},[47,66736,66737,66739,66741,66743,66745,66747,66749,66751],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,66738,66652],{"class":53},[47,66740,914],{"class":77},[47,66742,53878],{"class":81},[47,66744,78],{"class":77},[47,66746,2016],{"class":61},[47,66748,668],{"class":77},[47,66750,676],{"class":61},[47,66752,85],{"class":77},[47,66754,66755,66757,66759,66761],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,66756,99],{"class":98},[47,66758,78],{"class":77},[47,66760,66652],{"class":81},[47,66762,85],{"class":77},[20,66764,129],{},[38,66766,66767],{"className":40,"code":53432,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,66768,66769],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,66770,66771,66773,66775,66777,66779,66781,66783,66785,66787],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,66772,736],{"class":77},[47,66774,665],{"class":61},[47,66776,668],{"class":77},[47,66778,671],{"class":61},[47,66780,668],{"class":77},[47,66782,676],{"class":61},[47,66784,668],{"class":77},[47,66786,2404],{"class":61},[47,66788,679],{"class":77},[373,66790,66792],{"id":66791},"insert-past-the-end","Insert past the end",[20,66794,66795],{},"If the index is greater than the list length, Python adds the item at the end.",[38,66797,66799],{"className":40,"code":66798,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"nums = [1, 2, 3]\nnums.insert(10, 4)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66800,66801,66821,66839],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,66802,66803,66805,66807,66809,66811,66813,66815,66817,66819],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,66804,66631],{"class":53},[47,66806,58],{"class":57},[47,66808,662],{"class":77},[47,66810,665],{"class":61},[47,66812,668],{"class":77},[47,66814,671],{"class":61},[47,66816,668],{"class":77},[47,66818,676],{"class":61},[47,66820,679],{"class":77},[47,66822,66823,66825,66827,66829,66831,66833,66835,66837],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,66824,66652],{"class":53},[47,66826,914],{"class":77},[47,66828,53878],{"class":81},[47,66830,78],{"class":77},[47,66832,193],{"class":61},[47,66834,668],{"class":77},[47,66836,2404],{"class":61},[47,66838,85],{"class":77},[47,66840,66841,66843,66845,66847],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,66842,99],{"class":98},[47,66844,78],{"class":77},[47,66846,66652],{"class":81},[47,66848,85],{"class":77},[20,66850,129],{},[38,66852,66853],{"className":40,"code":53432,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,66854,66855],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,66856,66857,66859,66861,66863,66865,66867,66869,66871,66873],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,66858,736],{"class":77},[47,66860,665],{"class":61},[47,66862,668],{"class":77},[47,66864,671],{"class":61},[47,66866,668],{"class":77},[47,66868,676],{"class":61},[47,66870,668],{"class":77},[47,66872,2404],{"class":61},[47,66874,679],{"class":77},[373,66876,66878],{"id":66877},"use-a-negative-index","Use a negative index",[20,66880,66881,66882,66884],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. ",[15,66883,54195],{}," places the item before that position.",[38,66886,66888],{"className":40,"code":66887,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"d\"]\nletters.insert(-1, \"c\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,66889,66890,66922,66946],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,66891,66892,66894,66896,66898,66900,66902,66904,66906,66908,66910,66912,66914,66916,66918,66920],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,66893,36024],{"class":53},[47,66895,58],{"class":57},[47,66897,662],{"class":77},[47,66899,309],{"class":151},[47,66901,360],{"class":155},[47,66903,309],{"class":151},[47,66905,668],{"class":77},[47,66907,303],{"class":151},[47,66909,4696],{"class":155},[47,66911,309],{"class":151},[47,66913,668],{"class":77},[47,66915,303],{"class":151},[47,66917,18703],{"class":155},[47,66919,309],{"class":151},[47,66921,679],{"class":77},[47,66923,66924,66926,66928,66930,66932,66934,66936,66938,66940,66942,66944],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,66925,36077],{"class":53},[47,66927,914],{"class":77},[47,66929,53878],{"class":81},[47,66931,78],{"class":77},[47,66933,1981],{"class":57},[47,66935,665],{"class":61},[47,66937,668],{"class":77},[47,66939,303],{"class":151},[47,66941,9671],{"class":155},[47,66943,309],{"class":151},[47,66945,85],{"class":77},[47,66947,66948,66950,66952,66954],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,66949,99],{"class":98},[47,66951,78],{"class":77},[47,66953,36077],{"class":81},[47,66955,85],{"class":77},[20,66957,129],{},[38,66959,66961],{"className":40,"code":66960,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,66962,66963],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,66964,66965,66967,66969,66971,66973,66975,66977,66979,66981,66983,66985,66987,66989,66991,66993,66995,66997],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,66966,736],{"class":77},[47,66968,159],{"class":151},[47,66970,360],{"class":155},[47,66972,159],{"class":151},[47,66974,668],{"class":77},[47,66976,152],{"class":151},[47,66978,4696],{"class":155},[47,66980,159],{"class":151},[47,66982,668],{"class":77},[47,66984,152],{"class":151},[47,66986,9671],{"class":155},[47,66988,159],{"class":151},[47,66990,668],{"class":77},[47,66992,152],{"class":151},[47,66994,18703],{"class":155},[47,66996,159],{"class":151},[47,66998,679],{"class":77},[20,67000,67001,67002,2254],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with list positions, the ",[360,67003,67004],{"href":50905},"Python lists beginner guide",[33,67006,67008,920,67010],{"id":67007},"insert-vs-append",[15,67009,54195],{},[15,67011,52579],{},[20,67013,67014],{},"These methods both add items to a list, but they do different jobs.",[373,67016,165,67018,10533],{"id":67017},"use-insert-when",[15,67019,54195],{},[185,67021,67022,67025],{},[188,67023,67024],{},"You want to add an item at a specific position",[188,67026,67027],{},"The order of the list matters",[373,67029,165,67031,10533],{"id":67030},"use-append-when",[15,67032,52579],{},[185,67034,67035,67038],{},[188,67036,67037],{},"You want to add an item only at the end",[188,67039,67040],{},"You do not need to choose a position",[20,67042,800],{},[38,67044,67046],{"className":40,"code":67045,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"apple\", \"orange\"]\n\nitems.insert(1, \"banana\")\nprint(items)\n\nitems.append(\"grape\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,67047,67048,67072,67076,67098,67108,67112,67130],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67049,67050,67052,67054,67056,67058,67060,67062,67064,67066,67068,67070],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67051,657],{"class":53},[47,67053,58],{"class":57},[47,67055,662],{"class":77},[47,67057,309],{"class":151},[47,67059,1425],{"class":155},[47,67061,309],{"class":151},[47,67063,668],{"class":77},[47,67065,303],{"class":151},[47,67067,1443],{"class":155},[47,67069,309],{"class":151},[47,67071,679],{"class":77},[47,67073,67074],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,67075,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,67077,67078,67080,67082,67084,67086,67088,67090,67092,67094,67096],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,67079,692],{"class":53},[47,67081,914],{"class":77},[47,67083,53878],{"class":81},[47,67085,78],{"class":77},[47,67087,665],{"class":61},[47,67089,668],{"class":77},[47,67091,303],{"class":151},[47,67093,1434],{"class":155},[47,67095,309],{"class":151},[47,67097,85],{"class":77},[47,67099,67100,67102,67104,67106],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,67101,99],{"class":98},[47,67103,78],{"class":77},[47,67105,692],{"class":81},[47,67107,85],{"class":77},[47,67109,67110],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,67111,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,67113,67114,67116,67118,67120,67122,67124,67126,67128],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,67115,692],{"class":53},[47,67117,914],{"class":77},[47,67119,13488],{"class":81},[47,67121,78],{"class":77},[47,67123,309],{"class":151},[47,67125,22467],{"class":155},[47,67127,309],{"class":151},[47,67129,85],{"class":77},[47,67131,67132,67134,67136,67138],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,67133,99],{"class":98},[47,67135,78],{"class":77},[47,67137,692],{"class":81},[47,67139,85],{"class":77},[20,67141,129],{},[38,67143,67145],{"className":40,"code":67144,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,67146,67147,67175],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67148,67149,67151,67153,67155,67157,67159,67161,67163,67165,67167,67169,67171,67173],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67150,736],{"class":77},[47,67152,159],{"class":151},[47,67154,1425],{"class":155},[47,67156,159],{"class":151},[47,67158,668],{"class":77},[47,67160,152],{"class":151},[47,67162,1434],{"class":155},[47,67164,159],{"class":151},[47,67166,668],{"class":77},[47,67168,152],{"class":151},[47,67170,1443],{"class":155},[47,67172,159],{"class":151},[47,67174,679],{"class":77},[47,67176,67177,67179,67181,67183,67185,67187,67189,67191,67193,67195,67197,67199,67201,67203,67205,67207,67209],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,67178,736],{"class":77},[47,67180,159],{"class":151},[47,67182,1425],{"class":155},[47,67184,159],{"class":151},[47,67186,668],{"class":77},[47,67188,152],{"class":151},[47,67190,1434],{"class":155},[47,67192,159],{"class":151},[47,67194,668],{"class":77},[47,67196,152],{"class":151},[47,67198,1443],{"class":155},[47,67200,159],{"class":151},[47,67202,668],{"class":77},[47,67204,152],{"class":151},[47,67206,22467],{"class":155},[47,67208,159],{"class":151},[47,67210,679],{"class":77},[20,67212,67213,67214,914],{},"For the full method details, see the ",[360,67215,55447,67216,10673],{"href":56696},[15,67217,52579],{},[20,67219,67220,67221,914],{},"If your goal is the task itself rather than the method details, see ",[360,67222,52976],{"href":52975},[33,67224,1131],{"id":1130},[20,67226,14668,67227,914],{},[15,67228,54195],{},[373,67230,12528,67232],{"id":67231},"assigning-the-result-of-insert",[15,67233,54195],{},[20,67235,25624],{},[38,67237,67239],{"className":40,"code":67238,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67240,67241,67261,67283,67287,67297],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67242,67243,67245,67247,67249,67251,67253,67255,67257,67259],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67244,3554],{"class":53},[47,67246,58],{"class":57},[47,67248,662],{"class":77},[47,67250,665],{"class":61},[47,67252,668],{"class":77},[47,67254,671],{"class":61},[47,67256,668],{"class":77},[47,67258,676],{"class":61},[47,67260,679],{"class":77},[47,67262,67263,67265,67267,67269,67271,67273,67275,67277,67279,67281],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,67264,2184],{"class":53},[47,67266,58],{"class":57},[47,67268,4198],{"class":53},[47,67270,914],{"class":77},[47,67272,53878],{"class":81},[47,67274,78],{"class":77},[47,67276,665],{"class":61},[47,67278,668],{"class":77},[47,67280,10129],{"class":61},[47,67282,85],{"class":77},[47,67284,67285],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,67286,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,67288,67289,67291,67293,67295],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,67290,99],{"class":98},[47,67292,78],{"class":77},[47,67294,2218],{"class":81},[47,67296,85],{"class":77},[47,67298,67299,67301,67303,67305],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,67300,99],{"class":98},[47,67302,78],{"class":77},[47,67304,3584],{"class":81},[47,67306,85],{"class":77},[20,67308,129],{},[38,67310,67312],{"className":40,"code":67311,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"None\n[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,67313,67314,67318],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67315,67316],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67317,11742],{"class":571},[47,67319,67320,67322,67324,67326,67328,67330,67332,67334,67336],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,67321,736],{"class":77},[47,67323,665],{"class":61},[47,67325,668],{"class":77},[47,67327,10129],{"class":61},[47,67329,668],{"class":77},[47,67331,671],{"class":61},[47,67333,668],{"class":77},[47,67335,676],{"class":61},[47,67337,679],{"class":77},[20,67339,67340,54080,67342,914],{},[15,67341,54195],{},[15,67343,3713],{},[20,67345,16579],{},[38,67347,67349],{"className":40,"code":67348,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"new_list = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,67350,67351],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67352,67353,67355,67357,67359,67361,67363,67365,67367,67369,67371],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67354,55817],{"class":53},[47,67356,58],{"class":57},[47,67358,4198],{"class":53},[47,67360,914],{"class":77},[47,67362,53878],{"class":81},[47,67364,78],{"class":77},[47,67366,665],{"class":61},[47,67368,668],{"class":77},[47,67370,10129],{"class":61},[47,67372,85],{"class":77},[20,67374,67375],{},"Right:",[38,67377,67379],{"className":40,"code":67378,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,67380,67381],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67382,67383,67385,67387,67389,67391,67393,67395,67397],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67384,3584],{"class":53},[47,67386,914],{"class":77},[47,67388,53878],{"class":81},[47,67390,78],{"class":77},[47,67392,665],{"class":61},[47,67394,668],{"class":77},[47,67396,10129],{"class":61},[47,67398,85],{"class":77},[373,67400,67402],{"id":67401},"passing-arguments-in-the-wrong-order","Passing arguments in the wrong order",[20,67404,67405],{},"The correct order is:",[38,67407,67408],{"className":40,"code":66261,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,67409,67410],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67411,67412,67414,67416,67418,67420,67422,67424,67426],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67413,8270],{"class":53},[47,67415,914],{"class":77},[47,67417,53878],{"class":81},[47,67419,78],{"class":77},[47,67421,35780],{"class":81},[47,67423,668],{"class":77},[47,67425,29441],{"class":81},[47,67427,85],{"class":77},[20,67429,67430],{},"Not:",[38,67432,67434],{"className":40,"code":67433,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list.insert(item, index)\n",[15,67435,67436],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67437,67438,67440,67442,67444,67446,67448,67450,67452],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67439,8270],{"class":53},[47,67441,914],{"class":77},[47,67443,53878],{"class":81},[47,67445,78],{"class":77},[47,67447,23245],{"class":81},[47,67449,668],{"class":77},[47,67451,35755],{"class":81},[47,67453,85],{"class":77},[20,67455,800],{},[38,67457,67458],{"className":40,"code":66303,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,67459,67460,67484,67506],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67461,67462,67464,67466,67468,67470,67472,67474,67476,67478,67480,67482],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67463,36024],{"class":53},[47,67465,58],{"class":57},[47,67467,662],{"class":77},[47,67469,309],{"class":151},[47,67471,360],{"class":155},[47,67473,309],{"class":151},[47,67475,668],{"class":77},[47,67477,303],{"class":151},[47,67479,9671],{"class":155},[47,67481,309],{"class":151},[47,67483,679],{"class":77},[47,67485,67486,67488,67490,67492,67494,67496,67498,67500,67502,67504],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,67487,36077],{"class":53},[47,67489,914],{"class":77},[47,67491,53878],{"class":81},[47,67493,78],{"class":77},[47,67495,665],{"class":61},[47,67497,668],{"class":77},[47,67499,303],{"class":151},[47,67501,4696],{"class":155},[47,67503,309],{"class":151},[47,67505,85],{"class":77},[47,67507,67508,67510,67512,67514],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,67509,99],{"class":98},[47,67511,78],{"class":77},[47,67513,36077],{"class":81},[47,67515,85],{"class":77},[20,67517,129],{},[38,67519,67520],{"className":40,"code":42806,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,67521,67522],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67523,67524,67526,67528,67530,67532,67534,67536,67538,67540,67542,67544,67546,67548],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67525,736],{"class":77},[47,67527,159],{"class":151},[47,67529,360],{"class":155},[47,67531,159],{"class":151},[47,67533,668],{"class":77},[47,67535,152],{"class":151},[47,67537,4696],{"class":155},[47,67539,159],{"class":151},[47,67541,668],{"class":77},[47,67543,152],{"class":151},[47,67545,9671],{"class":155},[47,67547,159],{"class":151},[47,67549,679],{"class":77},[373,67551,1400,67553,67555],{"id":67552},"expecting-insert-to-replace-an-item",[15,67554,54195],{}," to replace an item",[20,67557,67558,67560],{},[15,67559,54195],{}," does not replace an existing value. It shifts items to the right.",[38,67562,67564],{"className":40,"code":67563,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.insert(1, 99)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67565,67566,67586,67604],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67567,67568,67570,67572,67574,67576,67578,67580,67582,67584],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67569,3554],{"class":53},[47,67571,58],{"class":57},[47,67573,662],{"class":77},[47,67575,665],{"class":61},[47,67577,668],{"class":77},[47,67579,671],{"class":61},[47,67581,668],{"class":77},[47,67583,676],{"class":61},[47,67585,679],{"class":77},[47,67587,67588,67590,67592,67594,67596,67598,67600,67602],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,67589,3584],{"class":53},[47,67591,914],{"class":77},[47,67593,53878],{"class":81},[47,67595,78],{"class":77},[47,67597,665],{"class":61},[47,67599,668],{"class":77},[47,67601,10129],{"class":61},[47,67603,85],{"class":77},[47,67605,67606,67608,67610,67612],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,67607,99],{"class":98},[47,67609,78],{"class":77},[47,67611,3584],{"class":81},[47,67613,85],{"class":77},[20,67615,129],{},[38,67617,67619],{"className":40,"code":67618,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,67620,67621],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67622,67623,67625,67627,67629,67631,67633,67635,67637,67639],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67624,736],{"class":77},[47,67626,665],{"class":61},[47,67628,668],{"class":77},[47,67630,10129],{"class":61},[47,67632,668],{"class":77},[47,67634,671],{"class":61},[47,67636,668],{"class":77},[47,67638,676],{"class":61},[47,67640,679],{"class":77},[20,67642,67643],{},"If you want to replace a value instead, use assignment:",[38,67645,67647],{"className":40,"code":67646,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers[1] = 99\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67648,67649,67669,67683],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67650,67651,67653,67655,67657,67659,67661,67663,67665,67667],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67652,3554],{"class":53},[47,67654,58],{"class":57},[47,67656,662],{"class":77},[47,67658,665],{"class":61},[47,67660,668],{"class":77},[47,67662,671],{"class":61},[47,67664,668],{"class":77},[47,67666,676],{"class":61},[47,67668,679],{"class":77},[47,67670,67671,67673,67675,67677,67679,67681],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,67672,3584],{"class":53},[47,67674,736],{"class":77},[47,67676,665],{"class":61},[47,67678,13208],{"class":77},[47,67680,13211],{"class":57},[47,67682,1547],{"class":61},[47,67684,67685,67687,67689,67691],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,67686,99],{"class":98},[47,67688,78],{"class":77},[47,67690,3584],{"class":81},[47,67692,85],{"class":77},[20,67694,129],{},[38,67696,67698],{"className":40,"code":67697,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 99, 3]\n",[15,67699,67700],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67701,67702,67704,67706,67708,67710,67712,67714],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67703,736],{"class":77},[47,67705,665],{"class":61},[47,67707,668],{"class":77},[47,67709,10129],{"class":61},[47,67711,668],{"class":77},[47,67713,676],{"class":61},[47,67715,679],{"class":77},[373,67717,67719],{"id":67718},"trying-to-insert-multiple-items-at-once","Trying to insert multiple items at once",[20,67721,67722,67724],{},[15,67723,54195],{}," adds one item each time.",[20,67726,67727],{},"This inserts a single list as one item:",[38,67729,67731],{"className":40,"code":67730,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 4]\nnumbers.insert(1, [2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67732,67733,67749,67773],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67734,67735,67737,67739,67741,67743,67745,67747],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67736,3554],{"class":53},[47,67738,58],{"class":57},[47,67740,662],{"class":77},[47,67742,665],{"class":61},[47,67744,668],{"class":77},[47,67746,2404],{"class":61},[47,67748,679],{"class":77},[47,67750,67751,67753,67755,67757,67759,67761,67763,67765,67767,67769,67771],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,67752,3584],{"class":53},[47,67754,914],{"class":77},[47,67756,53878],{"class":81},[47,67758,78],{"class":77},[47,67760,665],{"class":61},[47,67762,668],{"class":77},[47,67764,662],{"class":77},[47,67766,2016],{"class":61},[47,67768,668],{"class":77},[47,67770,676],{"class":61},[47,67772,3825],{"class":77},[47,67774,67775,67777,67779,67781],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,67776,99],{"class":98},[47,67778,78],{"class":77},[47,67780,3584],{"class":81},[47,67782,85],{"class":77},[20,67784,129],{},[38,67786,67788],{"className":40,"code":67787,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, [2, 3], 4]\n",[15,67789,67790],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67791,67792,67794,67796,67798,67800,67802,67804,67806,67808,67810],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67793,736],{"class":77},[47,67795,665],{"class":61},[47,67797,668],{"class":77},[47,67799,662],{"class":77},[47,67801,2016],{"class":61},[47,67803,668],{"class":77},[47,67805,676],{"class":61},[47,67807,17997],{"class":77},[47,67809,2404],{"class":61},[47,67811,679],{"class":77},[20,67813,67814,67815,914],{},"If you want to add many items, see the ",[360,67816,55447,67817,10673],{"href":53271},[15,67818,53373],{},[373,67820,67822],{"id":67821},"helpful-checks-while-debugging","Helpful checks while debugging",[20,67824,8807,67825,67827],{},[15,67826,54195],{}," is not doing what you expect, these can help:",[38,67829,67831],{"className":40,"code":67830,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.insert.__doc__)\nhelp(list.insert)\ntype(my_list)\n",[15,67832,67833,67843,67857,67875,67889],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67834,67835,67837,67839,67841],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67836,99],{"class":98},[47,67838,78],{"class":77},[47,67840,8270],{"class":81},[47,67842,85],{"class":77},[47,67844,67845,67847,67849,67851,67853,67855],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,67846,99],{"class":98},[47,67848,78],{"class":77},[47,67850,11095],{"class":98},[47,67852,78],{"class":77},[47,67854,8270],{"class":81},[47,67856,123],{"class":77},[47,67858,67859,67861,67863,67865,67867,67869,67871,67873],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,67860,99],{"class":98},[47,67862,78],{"class":77},[47,67864,8270],{"class":81},[47,67866,914],{"class":77},[47,67868,53878],{"class":24685},[47,67870,914],{"class":77},[47,67872,34380],{"class":34387},[47,67874,85],{"class":77},[47,67876,67877,67879,67881,67883,67885,67887],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,67878,32087],{"class":98},[47,67880,78],{"class":77},[47,67882,8025],{"class":73},[47,67884,914],{"class":77},[47,67886,53878],{"class":24685},[47,67888,85],{"class":77},[47,67890,67891,67893,67895,67897],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,67892,116],{"class":73},[47,67894,78],{"class":77},[47,67896,8270],{"class":81},[47,67898,85],{"class":77},[20,67900,67901],{},"These checks can help you confirm:",[185,67903,67904,67907,67910,67913],{},[188,67905,67906],{},"What is currently in the list",[188,67908,67909],{},"How long the list is",[188,67911,67912],{},"That you are working with a real list",[188,67914,67915],{},"How Python describes the method",[33,67917,773,67919],{"id":67918},"when-to-use-insert",[15,67920,54195],{},[20,67922,165,67923,67925],{},[15,67924,54195],{}," when position matters.",[20,67927,783],{},[185,67929,67930,67933,67936,67939],{},[188,67931,67932],{},"Ordered menus",[188,67934,67935],{},"Rankings or score lists",[188,67937,67938],{},"Step-by-step manual list building",[188,67940,67941],{},"Inserting a value at the beginning or middle",[20,67943,67944,67945,67947,67948,67950,67951,67953],{},"You usually do ",[127,67946,768],{}," need ",[15,67949,54195],{}," when adding only to the end of a list. In that case, ",[15,67952,52579],{}," is simpler.",[20,67955,67956,67957,914],{},"If you need a refresher on making lists before using methods on them, see ",[360,67958,57082],{"href":57081},[33,67960,1762],{"id":1761},[373,67962,1776,67964,55396],{"id":67963},"does-listinsert-return-a-new-list",[15,67965,53838],{},[20,67967,67968,67969,914],{},"No. It changes the existing list and returns ",[15,67970,3713],{},[373,67972,67974],{"id":67973},"what-happens-if-the-index-is-bigger-than-the-list-length","What happens if the index is bigger than the list length?",[20,67976,67977],{},"Python adds the item at the end of the list.",[373,67979,1786,67981,67983],{"id":67980},"can-listinsert-add-multiple-items",[15,67982,53838],{}," add multiple items?",[20,67985,67986,67987,67989],{},"It adds one item each time. To add many items, use ",[15,67988,53373],{}," or slicing.",[373,67991,5111,67993,4329,67995,1812],{"id":67992},"what-is-the-difference-between-insert-and-append",[15,67994,54195],{},[15,67996,52579],{},[20,67998,67999,68001,68002,68004],{},[15,68000,54195],{}," adds at a chosen position. ",[15,68003,52579],{}," adds only at the end.",[33,68006,1825],{"id":1824},[185,68008,68009,68015,68021,68025,68029,68033],{},[188,68010,68011],{},[360,68012,55447,68013,10673],{"href":56696},[15,68014,52579],{},[188,68016,68017],{},[360,68018,55447,68019,10673],{"href":53271},[15,68020,53373],{},[188,68022,68023],{},[360,68024,54205],{"href":52975},[188,68026,68027],{},[360,68028,52698],{"href":50905},[188,68030,68031],{},[360,68032,57155],{"href":57081},[188,68034,68035],{},[360,68036,1871,68037,33567],{"href":54223},[15,68038,68039],{},"'list' object has no attribute ...",[1875,68041,68042],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":65,"depth":65,"links":68044},[68045,68047,68048,68049,68055,68062,68071,68073,68082],{"id":66230,"depth":65,"text":68046},"What list.insert() does",{"id":5363,"depth":65,"text":5364},{"id":5720,"depth":65,"text":5721},{"id":66602,"depth":65,"text":66603,"children":68050},[68051,68052,68053,68054],{"id":66614,"depth":88,"text":66615},{"id":66705,"depth":88,"text":66706},{"id":66791,"depth":88,"text":66792},{"id":66877,"depth":88,"text":66878},{"id":67007,"depth":65,"text":68056,"children":68057},"insert() vs append()",[68058,68060],{"id":67017,"depth":88,"text":68059},"Use insert() when:",{"id":67030,"depth":88,"text":68061},"Use append() when:",{"id":1130,"depth":65,"text":1131,"children":68063},[68064,68066,68067,68069,68070],{"id":67231,"depth":88,"text":68065},"Assigning the result of insert()",{"id":67401,"depth":88,"text":67402},{"id":67552,"depth":88,"text":68068},"Expecting insert() to replace an item",{"id":67718,"depth":88,"text":67719},{"id":67821,"depth":88,"text":67822},{"id":67918,"depth":65,"text":68072},"When to use insert()",{"id":1761,"depth":65,"text":1762,"children":68074},[68075,68077,68078,68080],{"id":67963,"depth":88,"text":68076},"Does list.insert() return a new list?",{"id":67973,"depth":88,"text":67974},{"id":67980,"depth":88,"text":68079},"Can list.insert() add multiple items?",{"id":67992,"depth":88,"text":68081},"What is the difference between insert() and append()?",{"id":1824,"depth":65,"text":1825},"Master python list insert method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method",{"title":66140,"description":68083},"reference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method","x_dK_NYzoYQLOwms5BtRdF_-FqYStoiPzy7EKR6Cd44",{"id":68090,"title":68091,"body":68092,"description":69647,"extension":1922,"meta":69648,"navigation":91,"path":58900,"seo":69649,"stem":69650,"__hash__":69651},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len.md","Python List Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":68093,"toc":69620},[68094,68100,68109,68158,68160,68168,68174,68176,68194,68200,68205,68208,68211,68226,68228,68280,68282,68290,68298,68305,68307,68313,68378,68380,68388,68390,68409,68412,68463,68467,68472,68499,68501,68509,68512,68581,68583,68598,68604,68608,68617,68620,68675,68677,68685,68688,68690,68735,68737,68745,68751,68753,68761,68764,68766,68805,68807,68846,68851,68853,68855,68890,68893,68895,68933,68937,68943,68945,68996,68998,69006,69013,69016,69037,69040,69095,69106,69108,69169,69171,69180,69187,69193,69196,69199,69256,69259,69272,69279,69285,69291,69293,69306,69309,69406,69408,69425,69428,69510,69512,69534,69541,69547,69549,69553,69559,69565,69570,69574,69577,69583,69590,69592,69617],[10,68095,68097,68098,862],{"id":68096},"python-list-length-len","Python List Length (",[15,68099,11095],{},[20,68101,68102,68103,68105,68106,68108],{},"Learn how to get the number of items in a Python list using ",[15,68104,42292],{},". This page focuses on the basic use of ",[15,68107,42292],{}," with lists, common beginner mistakes, and simple examples.",[38,68110,68112],{"className":40,"code":68111,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\ncount = len(numbers)\nprint(count)\n",[15,68113,68114,68134,68148],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,68115,68116,68118,68120,68122,68124,68126,68128,68130,68132],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68117,3554],{"class":53},[47,68119,58],{"class":57},[47,68121,662],{"class":77},[47,68123,193],{"class":61},[47,68125,668],{"class":77},[47,68127,7722],{"class":61},[47,68129,668],{"class":77},[47,68131,7727],{"class":61},[47,68133,679],{"class":77},[47,68135,68136,68138,68140,68142,68144,68146],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,68137,41175],{"class":53},[47,68139,58],{"class":57},[47,68141,38321],{"class":98},[47,68143,78],{"class":77},[47,68145,3584],{"class":81},[47,68147,85],{"class":77},[47,68149,68150,68152,68154,68156],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,68151,99],{"class":98},[47,68153,78],{"class":77},[47,68155,41193],{"class":81},[47,68157,85],{"class":77},[20,68159,129],{},[38,68161,68162],{"className":40,"code":46544,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,68163,68164],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,68165,68166],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68167,46544],{"class":61},[20,68169,165,68170,68173],{},[15,68171,68172],{},"len(list_name)"," to get how many items are in a list.",[33,68175,15097],{"id":15096},[185,68177,68178,68183,68188,68191],{},[188,68179,4133,68180,68182],{},[15,68181,42292],{}," works with Python lists",[188,68184,68185,68186,11639],{},"What value ",[15,68187,42292],{},[188,68189,68190],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty lists",[188,68192,68193],{},"Common mistakes beginners make",[33,68195,172,68197,68199],{"id":68196},"what-len-returns-for-a-list",[15,68198,42292],{}," returns for a list",[20,68201,68202,65012],{},[15,68203,68204],{},"len(my_list)",[20,68206,68207],{},"That integer is the number of items in the list.",[20,68209,68210],{},"A few important points:",[185,68212,68213,68216,68221],{},[188,68214,68215],{},"It counts list items",[188,68217,40839,68218,68220],{},[127,68219,768],{}," count characters inside a string item",[188,68222,68223,68224],{},"An empty list returns ",[15,68225,2077],{},[20,68227,800],{},[38,68229,68231],{"className":40,"code":68230,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,68232,68233,68266],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,68234,68235,68237,68239,68241,68243,68245,68247,68249,68251,68254,68256,68258,68260,68262,68264],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68236,4006],{"class":53},[47,68238,58],{"class":57},[47,68240,662],{"class":77},[47,68242,309],{"class":151},[47,68244,36981],{"class":155},[47,68246,309],{"class":151},[47,68248,668],{"class":77},[47,68250,303],{"class":151},[47,68252,68253],{"class":155},"elephant",[47,68255,309],{"class":151},[47,68257,668],{"class":77},[47,68259,303],{"class":151},[47,68261,58054],{"class":155},[47,68263,309],{"class":151},[47,68265,679],{"class":77},[47,68267,68268,68270,68272,68274,68276,68278],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,68269,99],{"class":98},[47,68271,78],{"class":77},[47,68273,11095],{"class":98},[47,68275,78],{"class":77},[47,68277,4048],{"class":81},[47,68279,123],{"class":77},[20,68281,129],{},[38,68283,68284],{"className":40,"code":46544,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,68285,68286],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,68287,68288],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68289,46544],{"class":61},[20,68291,20913,68292,68295,68296,65019],{},[15,68293,68294],{},"\"elephant\""," has many characters, it still counts as just ",[127,68297,52583],{},[20,68299,68300,68301,914],{},"If you want a broader explanation of the function itself, see ",[360,68302,13,68303,1834],{"href":42289},[15,68304,42292],{},[33,68306,5721],{"id":5720},[20,68308,68309,68310,68312],{},"Create a list, pass it to ",[15,68311,42292],{},", and print the result.",[38,68314,68316],{"className":40,"code":68315,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncount = len(colors)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,68317,68318,68350,68364,68368],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,68319,68320,68322,68324,68326,68328,68330,68332,68334,68336,68338,68340,68342,68344,68346,68348],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68321,13010],{"class":53},[47,68323,58],{"class":57},[47,68325,662],{"class":77},[47,68327,309],{"class":151},[47,68329,13027],{"class":155},[47,68331,309],{"class":151},[47,68333,668],{"class":77},[47,68335,303],{"class":151},[47,68337,17390],{"class":155},[47,68339,309],{"class":151},[47,68341,668],{"class":77},[47,68343,303],{"class":151},[47,68345,13044],{"class":155},[47,68347,309],{"class":151},[47,68349,679],{"class":77},[47,68351,68352,68354,68356,68358,68360,68362],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,68353,41175],{"class":53},[47,68355,58],{"class":57},[47,68357,38321],{"class":98},[47,68359,78],{"class":77},[47,68361,17437],{"class":81},[47,68363,85],{"class":77},[47,68365,68366],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,68367,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,68369,68370,68372,68374,68376],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,68371,99],{"class":98},[47,68373,78],{"class":77},[47,68375,41193],{"class":81},[47,68377,85],{"class":77},[20,68379,129],{},[38,68381,68382],{"className":40,"code":46544,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,68383,68384],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,68385,68386],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68387,46544],{"class":61},[20,68389,11617],{},[185,68391,68392,68397,68404],{},[188,68393,68394,68396],{},[15,68395,17437],{}," is a list with 3 items",[188,68398,68399,2346,68402],{},[15,68400,68401],{},"len(colors)",[15,68403,2021],{},[188,68405,68406,68407],{},"That value is stored in ",[15,68408,41193],{},[20,68410,68411],{},"You can also print the result directly:",[38,68413,68415],{"className":40,"code":68414,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,68416,68417,68449],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,68418,68419,68421,68423,68425,68427,68429,68431,68433,68435,68437,68439,68441,68443,68445,68447],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68420,13010],{"class":53},[47,68422,58],{"class":57},[47,68424,662],{"class":77},[47,68426,309],{"class":151},[47,68428,13027],{"class":155},[47,68430,309],{"class":151},[47,68432,668],{"class":77},[47,68434,303],{"class":151},[47,68436,17390],{"class":155},[47,68438,309],{"class":151},[47,68440,668],{"class":77},[47,68442,303],{"class":151},[47,68444,13044],{"class":155},[47,68446,309],{"class":151},[47,68448,679],{"class":77},[47,68450,68451,68453,68455,68457,68459,68461],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,68452,99],{"class":98},[47,68454,78],{"class":77},[47,68456,11095],{"class":98},[47,68458,78],{"class":77},[47,68460,17437],{"class":81},[47,68462,123],{"class":77},[33,68464,68466],{"id":68465},"empty-list-example","Empty list example",[20,68468,68469,68470,914],{},"An empty list has no items, so its length is ",[15,68471,2077],{},[38,68473,68475],{"className":40,"code":68474,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = []\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,68476,68477,68485],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,68478,68479,68481,68483],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68480,657],{"class":53},[47,68482,58],{"class":57},[47,68484,7770],{"class":77},[47,68486,68487,68489,68491,68493,68495,68497],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,68488,99],{"class":98},[47,68490,78],{"class":77},[47,68492,11095],{"class":98},[47,68494,78],{"class":77},[47,68496,692],{"class":81},[47,68498,123],{"class":77},[20,68500,129],{},[38,68502,68503],{"className":40,"code":47179,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,68504,68505],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,68506,68507],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68508,47179],{"class":61},[20,68510,68511],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a list has anything in it before using an index.",[38,68513,68515],{"className":40,"code":68514,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = []\n\nif len(items) > 0:\n    print(items[0])\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,68516,68517,68525,68529,68547,68561,68567],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,68518,68519,68521,68523],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68520,657],{"class":53},[47,68522,58],{"class":57},[47,68524,7770],{"class":77},[47,68526,68527],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,68528,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,68530,68531,68533,68535,68537,68539,68541,68543,68545],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,68532,6930],{"class":3812},[47,68534,38321],{"class":98},[47,68536,78],{"class":77},[47,68538,692],{"class":81},[47,68540,862],{"class":77},[47,68542,38331],{"class":57},[47,68544,3769],{"class":61},[47,68546,6329],{"class":77},[47,68548,68549,68551,68553,68555,68557,68559],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,68550,8000],{"class":98},[47,68552,78],{"class":77},[47,68554,692],{"class":81},[47,68556,736],{"class":77},[47,68558,2077],{"class":61},[47,68560,3825],{"class":77},[47,68562,68563,68565],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,68564,27367],{"class":3812},[47,68566,6329],{"class":77},[47,68568,68569,68571,68573,68575,68577,68579],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,68570,8000],{"class":98},[47,68572,78],{"class":77},[47,68574,309],{"class":151},[47,68576,51742],{"class":155},[47,68578,309],{"class":151},[47,68580,85],{"class":77},[20,68582,129],{},[38,68584,68586],{"className":40,"code":68585,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"The list is empty\n",[15,68587,68588],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,68589,68590,68592,68594,68596],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68591,1939],{"class":53},[47,68593,8025],{"class":73},[47,68595,8028],{"class":57},[47,68597,8034],{"class":53},[20,68599,68600,68601,68603],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, ",[360,68602,52698],{"href":50905}," is a good next step.",[33,68605,68607],{"id":68606},"nested-lists","Nested lists",[20,68609,68610,68612,68613,68616],{},[15,68611,42292],{}," counts only the ",[127,68614,68615],{},"top-level items"," in a list.",[20,68618,68619],{},"A nested list counts as one item.",[38,68621,68623],{"className":40,"code":68622,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,68624,68625,68661],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,68626,68627,68629,68631,68633,68635,68637,68639,68641,68643,68645,68647,68649,68651,68653,68655,68657,68659],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68628,9098],{"class":53},[47,68630,58],{"class":57},[47,68632,56221],{"class":77},[47,68634,665],{"class":61},[47,68636,668],{"class":77},[47,68638,671],{"class":61},[47,68640,17997],{"class":77},[47,68642,662],{"class":77},[47,68644,2021],{"class":61},[47,68646,668],{"class":77},[47,68648,2404],{"class":61},[47,68650,17997],{"class":77},[47,68652,662],{"class":77},[47,68654,2094],{"class":61},[47,68656,668],{"class":77},[47,68658,37578],{"class":61},[47,68660,53169],{"class":77},[47,68662,68663,68665,68667,68669,68671,68673],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,68664,99],{"class":98},[47,68666,78],{"class":77},[47,68668,11095],{"class":98},[47,68670,78],{"class":77},[47,68672,9137],{"class":81},[47,68674,123],{"class":77},[20,68676,129],{},[38,68678,68679],{"className":40,"code":46544,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,68680,68681],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,68682,68683],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68684,46544],{"class":61},[20,68686,68687],{},"Here, the list contains 3 items, and each item is itself a list.",[20,68689,52006],{},[38,68691,68693],{"className":40,"code":68692,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"mixed = [1, [2, 3], 4]\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,68694,68695,68721],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,68696,68697,68699,68701,68703,68705,68707,68709,68711,68713,68715,68717,68719],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68698,59400],{"class":53},[47,68700,58],{"class":57},[47,68702,662],{"class":77},[47,68704,665],{"class":61},[47,68706,668],{"class":77},[47,68708,662],{"class":77},[47,68710,2016],{"class":61},[47,68712,668],{"class":77},[47,68714,676],{"class":61},[47,68716,17997],{"class":77},[47,68718,2404],{"class":61},[47,68720,679],{"class":77},[47,68722,68723,68725,68727,68729,68731,68733],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,68724,99],{"class":98},[47,68726,78],{"class":77},[47,68728,11095],{"class":98},[47,68730,78],{"class":77},[47,68732,59453],{"class":81},[47,68734,123],{"class":77},[20,68736,129],{},[38,68738,68739],{"className":40,"code":46544,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,68740,68741],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,68742,68743],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68744,46544],{"class":61},[20,68746,20913,68747,68750],{},[15,68748,68749],{},"[2, 3]"," contains 2 values, it is still only one item in the outer list.",[33,68752,1131],{"id":1130},[373,68754,1335,68756,11025,68759],{"id":68755},"using-my_listlen-instead-of-lenmy_list",[15,68757,68758],{},"my_list.len()",[15,68760,68204],{},[20,68762,68763],{},"This is a very common mistake.",[20,68765,16579],{},[38,68767,68769],{"className":40,"code":68768,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.len())\n",[15,68770,68771,68791],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,68772,68773,68775,68777,68779,68781,68783,68785,68787,68789],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68774,3554],{"class":53},[47,68776,58],{"class":57},[47,68778,662],{"class":77},[47,68780,193],{"class":61},[47,68782,668],{"class":77},[47,68784,7722],{"class":61},[47,68786,668],{"class":77},[47,68788,7727],{"class":61},[47,68790,679],{"class":77},[47,68792,68793,68795,68797,68799,68801,68803],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,68794,99],{"class":98},[47,68796,78],{"class":77},[47,68798,3584],{"class":81},[47,68800,914],{"class":77},[47,68802,11095],{"class":81},[47,68804,7127],{"class":77},[20,68806,16591],{},[38,68808,68810],{"className":40,"code":68809,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,68811,68812,68832],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,68813,68814,68816,68818,68820,68822,68824,68826,68828,68830],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68815,3554],{"class":53},[47,68817,58],{"class":57},[47,68819,662],{"class":77},[47,68821,193],{"class":61},[47,68823,668],{"class":77},[47,68825,7722],{"class":61},[47,68827,668],{"class":77},[47,68829,7727],{"class":61},[47,68831,679],{"class":77},[47,68833,68834,68836,68838,68840,68842,68844],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,68835,99],{"class":98},[47,68837,78],{"class":77},[47,68839,11095],{"class":98},[47,68841,78],{"class":77},[47,68843,3584],{"class":81},[47,68845,123],{"class":77},[20,68847,68848,68850],{},[15,68849,42292],{}," is a built-in function. It is not a list method.",[373,68852,25621],{"id":25620},[20,68854,16579],{},[38,68856,68858],{"className":40,"code":68857,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len)\n",[15,68859,68860,68880],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,68861,68862,68864,68866,68868,68870,68872,68874,68876,68878],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68863,3554],{"class":53},[47,68865,58],{"class":57},[47,68867,662],{"class":77},[47,68869,193],{"class":61},[47,68871,668],{"class":77},[47,68873,7722],{"class":61},[47,68875,668],{"class":77},[47,68877,7727],{"class":61},[47,68879,679],{"class":77},[47,68881,68882,68884,68886,68888],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,68883,99],{"class":98},[47,68885,78],{"class":77},[47,68887,11095],{"class":98},[47,68889,85],{"class":77},[20,68891,68892],{},"This prints the function itself, not the list length.",[20,68894,16591],{},[38,68896,68897],{"className":40,"code":68809,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,68898,68899,68919],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,68900,68901,68903,68905,68907,68909,68911,68913,68915,68917],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68902,3554],{"class":53},[47,68904,58],{"class":57},[47,68906,662],{"class":77},[47,68908,193],{"class":61},[47,68910,668],{"class":77},[47,68912,7722],{"class":61},[47,68914,668],{"class":77},[47,68916,7727],{"class":61},[47,68918,679],{"class":77},[47,68920,68921,68923,68925,68927,68929,68931],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,68922,99],{"class":98},[47,68924,78],{"class":77},[47,68926,11095],{"class":98},[47,68928,78],{"class":77},[47,68930,3584],{"class":81},[47,68932,123],{"class":77},[373,68934,68936],{"id":68935},"confusing-length-with-the-last-index","Confusing length with the last index",[20,68938,68939,68940,68942],{},"The length of a list is ",[127,68941,768],{}," the same as the last index.",[20,68944,800],{},[38,68946,68948],{"className":40,"code":68947,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(len(letters))\n",[15,68949,68950,68982],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,68951,68952,68954,68956,68958,68960,68962,68964,68966,68968,68970,68972,68974,68976,68978,68980],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68953,36024],{"class":53},[47,68955,58],{"class":57},[47,68957,662],{"class":77},[47,68959,309],{"class":151},[47,68961,360],{"class":155},[47,68963,309],{"class":151},[47,68965,668],{"class":77},[47,68967,303],{"class":151},[47,68969,4696],{"class":155},[47,68971,309],{"class":151},[47,68973,668],{"class":77},[47,68975,303],{"class":151},[47,68977,9671],{"class":155},[47,68979,309],{"class":151},[47,68981,679],{"class":77},[47,68983,68984,68986,68988,68990,68992,68994],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,68985,99],{"class":98},[47,68987,78],{"class":77},[47,68989,11095],{"class":98},[47,68991,78],{"class":77},[47,68993,36077],{"class":81},[47,68995,123],{"class":77},[20,68997,129],{},[38,68999,69000],{"className":40,"code":46544,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,69001,69002],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,69003,69004],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,69005,46544],{"class":61},[20,69007,69008,69009,18899,69011,914],{},"But the last index is ",[15,69010,2016],{},[15,69012,2021],{},[20,69014,69015],{},"Indexes are:",[185,69017,69018,69025,69031],{},[188,69019,69020,69022,69023],{},[15,69021,2077],{}," for ",[15,69024,18031],{},[188,69026,69027,69022,69029],{},[15,69028,665],{},[15,69030,65522],{},[188,69032,69033,69022,69035],{},[15,69034,2016],{},[15,69036,66408],{},[20,69038,69039],{},"So this causes an error:",[38,69041,69043],{"className":40,"code":69042,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters)])\n",[15,69044,69045,69077],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,69046,69047,69049,69051,69053,69055,69057,69059,69061,69063,69065,69067,69069,69071,69073,69075],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,69048,36024],{"class":53},[47,69050,58],{"class":57},[47,69052,662],{"class":77},[47,69054,309],{"class":151},[47,69056,360],{"class":155},[47,69058,309],{"class":151},[47,69060,668],{"class":77},[47,69062,303],{"class":151},[47,69064,4696],{"class":155},[47,69066,309],{"class":151},[47,69068,668],{"class":77},[47,69070,303],{"class":151},[47,69072,9671],{"class":155},[47,69074,309],{"class":151},[47,69076,679],{"class":77},[47,69078,69079,69081,69083,69085,69087,69089,69091,69093],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,69080,99],{"class":98},[47,69082,78],{"class":77},[47,69084,36077],{"class":81},[47,69086,736],{"class":77},[47,69088,11095],{"class":98},[47,69090,78],{"class":77},[47,69092,36077],{"class":81},[47,69094,10611],{"class":77},[20,69096,8426,69097,849,69100,69102,69103,69105],{},[15,69098,69099],{},"len(letters)",[15,69101,2021],{},", and index ",[15,69104,2021],{}," does not exist.",[20,69107,18776],{},[38,69109,69111],{"className":40,"code":69110,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters) - 1])\n",[15,69112,69113,69145],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,69114,69115,69117,69119,69121,69123,69125,69127,69129,69131,69133,69135,69137,69139,69141,69143],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,69116,36024],{"class":53},[47,69118,58],{"class":57},[47,69120,662],{"class":77},[47,69122,309],{"class":151},[47,69124,360],{"class":155},[47,69126,309],{"class":151},[47,69128,668],{"class":77},[47,69130,303],{"class":151},[47,69132,4696],{"class":155},[47,69134,309],{"class":151},[47,69136,668],{"class":77},[47,69138,303],{"class":151},[47,69140,9671],{"class":155},[47,69142,309],{"class":151},[47,69144,679],{"class":77},[47,69146,69147,69149,69151,69153,69155,69157,69159,69161,69163,69165,69167],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,69148,99],{"class":98},[47,69150,78],{"class":77},[47,69152,36077],{"class":81},[47,69154,736],{"class":77},[47,69156,11095],{"class":98},[47,69158,78],{"class":77},[47,69160,36077],{"class":81},[47,69162,862],{"class":77},[47,69164,2176],{"class":57},[47,69166,5431],{"class":61},[47,69168,3825],{"class":77},[20,69170,129],{},[38,69172,69174],{"className":40,"code":69173,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"c\n",[15,69175,69176],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,69177,69178],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,69179,69173],{"class":53},[20,69181,69182,69183,914],{},"If you see an index problem here, read ",[360,69184,69186],{"href":69185},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-list-index-out-of-range-fix-explained\u002F","IndexError: list index out of range",[373,69188,1335,69190,69192],{"id":69189},"using-len-on-the-wrong-variable",[15,69191,42292],{}," on the wrong variable",[20,69194,69195],{},"Sometimes the code is correct, but the variable is not what you expect.",[20,69197,69198],{},"Use these debugging checks:",[38,69200,69202],{"className":40,"code":69201,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list[0])\n",[15,69203,69204,69214,69228,69242],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,69205,69206,69208,69210,69212],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,69207,99],{"class":98},[47,69209,78],{"class":77},[47,69211,8270],{"class":81},[47,69213,85],{"class":77},[47,69215,69216,69218,69220,69222,69224,69226],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,69217,99],{"class":98},[47,69219,78],{"class":77},[47,69221,11095],{"class":98},[47,69223,78],{"class":77},[47,69225,8270],{"class":81},[47,69227,123],{"class":77},[47,69229,69230,69232,69234,69236,69238,69240],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,69231,99],{"class":98},[47,69233,78],{"class":77},[47,69235,116],{"class":73},[47,69237,78],{"class":77},[47,69239,8270],{"class":81},[47,69241,123],{"class":77},[47,69243,69244,69246,69248,69250,69252,69254],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,69245,99],{"class":98},[47,69247,78],{"class":77},[47,69249,8270],{"class":81},[47,69251,736],{"class":77},[47,69253,2077],{"class":61},[47,69255,3825],{"class":77},[20,69257,69258],{},"These help you verify:",[185,69260,69261,69264,69266,69269],{},[188,69262,69263],{},"what the variable contains",[188,69265,60712],{},[188,69267,69268],{},"whether it is really a list",[188,69270,69271],{},"what the first item is",[20,69273,69274,69275,69278],{},"Be careful with ",[15,69276,69277],{},"print(my_list[0])"," if the list might be empty.",[33,69280,773,69282,69284],{"id":69281},"when-to-use-len-with-lists",[15,69283,42292],{}," with lists",[20,69286,69287,69288,69290],{},"You will often use ",[15,69289,42292],{}," in real programs.",[20,69292,9305],{},[185,69294,69295,69297,69300,69303],{},[188,69296,51696],{},[188,69298,69299],{},"Control loops",[188,69301,69302],{},"Validate input or results",[188,69304,69305],{},"Compare the sizes of two lists",[20,69307,69308],{},"Example: comparing two lists",[38,69310,69312],{"className":40,"code":69311,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [10, 20]\n\nprint(len(a))\nprint(len(b))\nprint(len(a) > len(b))\n",[15,69313,69314,69334,69350,69354,69368,69382],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,69315,69316,69318,69320,69322,69324,69326,69328,69330,69332],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,69317,2501],{"class":53},[47,69319,58],{"class":57},[47,69321,662],{"class":77},[47,69323,665],{"class":61},[47,69325,668],{"class":77},[47,69327,671],{"class":61},[47,69329,668],{"class":77},[47,69331,676],{"class":61},[47,69333,679],{"class":77},[47,69335,69336,69338,69340,69342,69344,69346,69348],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,69337,2529],{"class":53},[47,69339,58],{"class":57},[47,69341,662],{"class":77},[47,69343,193],{"class":61},[47,69345,668],{"class":77},[47,69347,7722],{"class":61},[47,69349,679],{"class":77},[47,69351,69352],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,69353,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,69355,69356,69358,69360,69362,69364,69366],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,69357,99],{"class":98},[47,69359,78],{"class":77},[47,69361,11095],{"class":98},[47,69363,78],{"class":77},[47,69365,360],{"class":81},[47,69367,123],{"class":77},[47,69369,69370,69372,69374,69376,69378,69380],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,69371,99],{"class":98},[47,69373,78],{"class":77},[47,69375,11095],{"class":98},[47,69377,78],{"class":77},[47,69379,4696],{"class":81},[47,69381,123],{"class":77},[47,69383,69384,69386,69388,69390,69392,69394,69396,69398,69400,69402,69404],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,69385,99],{"class":98},[47,69387,78],{"class":77},[47,69389,11095],{"class":98},[47,69391,78],{"class":77},[47,69393,360],{"class":81},[47,69395,862],{"class":77},[47,69397,38331],{"class":57},[47,69399,38321],{"class":98},[47,69401,78],{"class":77},[47,69403,4696],{"class":81},[47,69405,123],{"class":77},[20,69407,129],{},[38,69409,69411],{"className":40,"code":69410,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"3\n2\nTrue\n",[15,69412,69413,69417,69421],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,69414,69415],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,69416,46544],{"class":61},[47,69418,69419],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,69420,16992],{"class":61},[47,69422,69423],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,69424,629],{"class":571},[20,69426,69427],{},"Example: using length in a loop",[38,69429,69431],{"className":40,"code":69430,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(names)):\n    print(i, names[i])\n",[15,69432,69433,69465,69469,69491],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,69434,69435,69437,69439,69441,69443,69445,69447,69449,69451,69453,69455,69457,69459,69461,69463],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,69436,4929],{"class":53},[47,69438,58],{"class":57},[47,69440,662],{"class":77},[47,69442,309],{"class":151},[47,69444,12814],{"class":155},[47,69446,309],{"class":151},[47,69448,668],{"class":77},[47,69450,303],{"class":151},[47,69452,35875],{"class":155},[47,69454,309],{"class":151},[47,69456,668],{"class":77},[47,69458,303],{"class":151},[47,69460,35884],{"class":155},[47,69462,309],{"class":151},[47,69464,679],{"class":77},[47,69466,69467],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,69468,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,69470,69471,69473,69476,69478,69480,69482,69484,69486,69488],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,69472,5892],{"class":3812},[47,69474,69475],{"class":53}," i ",[47,69477,3819],{"class":3812},[47,69479,53997],{"class":98},[47,69481,78],{"class":77},[47,69483,11095],{"class":98},[47,69485,78],{"class":77},[47,69487,4973],{"class":81},[47,69489,69490],{"class":77},")):\n",[47,69492,69493,69495,69497,69499,69501,69504,69506,69508],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,69494,8000],{"class":98},[47,69496,78],{"class":77},[47,69498,36088],{"class":81},[47,69500,668],{"class":77},[47,69502,69503],{"class":81}," names",[47,69505,736],{"class":77},[47,69507,36088],{"class":81},[47,69509,3825],{"class":77},[20,69511,129],{},[38,69513,69514],{"className":40,"code":35932,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,69515,69516,69522,69528],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,69517,69518,69520],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,69519,2077],{"class":61},[47,69521,35941],{"class":53},[47,69523,69524,69526],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,69525,665],{"class":61},[47,69527,35948],{"class":53},[47,69529,69530,69532],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,69531,2016],{"class":61},[47,69533,35955],{"class":53},[20,69535,69536,69537,914],{},"This works, but if you want to practice looping through lists more safely and clearly, see ",[360,69538,69540],{"href":69539},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to loop through a list in Python",[20,69542,69543,69544,69546],{},"You can also read ",[360,69545,51473],{"href":51472}," for a task-focused guide.",[33,69548,1762],{"id":1761},[373,69550,69552],{"id":69551},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python","How do I get the length of a list in Python?",[20,69554,165,69555,69558],{},[15,69556,69557],{},"len(your_list)",". It returns the number of items in the list.",[373,69560,1766,69562,12649],{"id":69561},"what-does-len-return",[15,69563,69564],{},"len([])",[20,69566,5080,69567,69569],{},[15,69568,2077],{}," because the list is empty.",[373,69571,69573],{"id":69572},"is-the-list-length-the-same-as-the-last-index","Is the list length the same as the last index?",[20,69575,69576],{},"No. The last index is one less than the length.",[373,69578,28262,69580,69582],{"id":69579},"can-i-use-my_listlen-in-python",[15,69581,68758],{}," in Python?",[20,69584,30205,69585,8154,69587,69589],{},[15,69586,68204],{},[15,69588,42292],{}," is a built-in function.",[33,69591,1825],{"id":1824},[185,69593,69594,69600,69604,69608,69612],{},[188,69595,69596],{},[360,69597,13,69598,1834],{"href":42289},[15,69599,42292],{},[188,69601,69602],{},[360,69603,52517],{"href":51472},[188,69605,69606],{},[360,69607,52698],{"href":50905},[188,69609,69610],{},[360,69611,69186],{"href":69185},[188,69613,69614],{},[360,69615,69616],{"href":69539},"How to loop through a list in Python",[1875,69618,69619],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":65,"depth":65,"links":69621},[69622,69623,69625,69626,69627,69628,69636,69638,69646],{"id":15096,"depth":65,"text":15097},{"id":68196,"depth":65,"text":69624},"What len() returns for a list",{"id":5720,"depth":65,"text":5721},{"id":68465,"depth":65,"text":68466},{"id":68606,"depth":65,"text":68607},{"id":1130,"depth":65,"text":1131,"children":69629},[69630,69632,69633,69634],{"id":68755,"depth":88,"text":69631},"Using my_list.len() instead of len(my_list)",{"id":25620,"depth":88,"text":25621},{"id":68935,"depth":88,"text":68936},{"id":69189,"depth":88,"text":69635},"Using len() on the wrong variable",{"id":69281,"depth":65,"text":69637},"When to use len() with lists",{"id":1761,"depth":65,"text":1762,"children":69639},[69640,69641,69643,69644],{"id":69551,"depth":88,"text":69552},{"id":69561,"depth":88,"text":69642},"What does len([]) return?",{"id":69572,"depth":88,"text":69573},{"id":69579,"depth":88,"text":69645},"Can I use my_list.len() in Python?",{"id":1824,"depth":65,"text":1825},"Master python list length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":68091,"description":69647},"reference\u002Fpython-list-length-len","rGvdzxYi-qjWScdxkRoGgEetqY15UkNJ5EhQHJLekL8",{"id":69653,"title":69654,"body":69655,"description":71637,"extension":1922,"meta":71638,"navigation":91,"path":71639,"seo":71640,"stem":71641,"__hash__":71642},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method.md","Python List pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":69656,"toc":71610},[69657,69660,69665,69668,69676,69689,69691,69756,69758,69780,69785,69789,69794,69802,69804,69814,69816,69897,69899,69929,69931,69950,69955,69972,69974,70058,70060,70090,70095,70099,70105,70189,70191,70221,70224,70228,70231,70322,70324,70362,70365,70450,70452,70482,70488,70495,70499,70504,70513,70515,70600,70602,70631,70634,70642,70646,70650,70659,70682,70684,70706,70708,70722,70724,70784,70788,70793,70832,70834,70851,70853,70863,70962,70967,70971,70976,71019,71021,71049,71051,71065,71140,71142,71164,71168,71171,71176,71187,71192,71200,71203,71274,71276,71301,71358,71360,71381,71390,71398,71403,71405,71410,71431,71434,71509,71512,71526,71533,71535,71539,71545,71549,71559,71563,71570,71574,71580,71582,71607],[10,69658,69654],{"id":69659},"python-list-pop-method",[20,69661,69662,69664],{},[15,69663,55009],{}," removes an item from a list and returns it.",[20,69666,69667],{},"This method is useful when you want to both:",[185,69669,69670,69673],{},[188,69671,69672],{},"delete an item from a list",[188,69674,69675],{},"keep the removed value for later use",[20,69677,69678,69679,69681,69682,8636,69684,69688],{},"If you do not pass an index, ",[15,69680,12696],{}," removes the last item. Beginners often confuse ",[15,69683,12696],{},[360,69685,69686],{"href":54999},[15,69687,55456],{},", or expect it to create a new list instead of changing the original one.",[33,69690,36],{"id":35},[38,69692,69694],{"className":40,"code":69693,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nlast_item = numbers.pop()\n\nprint(last_item)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,69695,69696,69716,69731,69735,69746],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,69697,69698,69700,69702,69704,69706,69708,69710,69712,69714],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,69699,3554],{"class":53},[47,69701,58],{"class":57},[47,69703,662],{"class":77},[47,69705,193],{"class":61},[47,69707,668],{"class":77},[47,69709,7722],{"class":61},[47,69711,668],{"class":77},[47,69713,7727],{"class":61},[47,69715,679],{"class":77},[47,69717,69718,69721,69723,69725,69727,69729],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,69719,69720],{"class":53},"last_item ",[47,69722,58],{"class":57},[47,69724,4198],{"class":53},[47,69726,914],{"class":77},[47,69728,26174],{"class":81},[47,69730,8574],{"class":77},[47,69732,69733],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,69734,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,69736,69737,69739,69741,69744],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,69738,99],{"class":98},[47,69740,78],{"class":77},[47,69742,69743],{"class":81},"last_item",[47,69745,85],{"class":77},[47,69747,69748,69750,69752,69754],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,69749,99],{"class":98},[47,69751,78],{"class":77},[47,69753,3584],{"class":81},[47,69755,85],{"class":77},[20,69757,129],{},[38,69759,69761],{"className":40,"code":69760,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"30\n[10, 20]\n",[15,69762,69763,69768],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,69764,69765],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,69766,69767],{"class":61},"30\n",[47,69769,69770,69772,69774,69776,69778],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,69771,736],{"class":77},[47,69773,193],{"class":61},[47,69775,668],{"class":77},[47,69777,7722],{"class":61},[47,69779,679],{"class":77},[20,69781,165,69782,69784],{},[15,69783,12696],{}," to remove and return an item from a list. With no argument, it removes the last item.",[33,69786,69788],{"id":69787},"what-pop-does","What pop() does",[20,69790,69791,69793],{},[15,69792,12696],{}," has two main jobs:",[185,69795,69796,69799],{},[188,69797,69798],{},"It removes one item from a list",[188,69800,69801],{},"It returns the item that was removed",[20,69803,43581],{},[185,69805,69806,69809,69812],{},[188,69807,69808],{},"If no index is given, it removes the last item",[188,69810,69811],{},"It changes the original list",[188,69813,52672],{},[20,69815,800],{},[38,69817,69819],{"className":40,"code":69818,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nremoved = colors.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,69820,69821,69853,69857,69872,69876,69887],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,69822,69823,69825,69827,69829,69831,69833,69835,69837,69839,69841,69843,69845,69847,69849,69851],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,69824,13010],{"class":53},[47,69826,58],{"class":57},[47,69828,662],{"class":77},[47,69830,309],{"class":151},[47,69832,13027],{"class":155},[47,69834,309],{"class":151},[47,69836,668],{"class":77},[47,69838,303],{"class":151},[47,69840,17390],{"class":155},[47,69842,309],{"class":151},[47,69844,668],{"class":77},[47,69846,303],{"class":151},[47,69848,13044],{"class":155},[47,69850,309],{"class":151},[47,69852,679],{"class":77},[47,69854,69855],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,69856,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,69858,69859,69862,69864,69866,69868,69870],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,69860,69861],{"class":53},"removed ",[47,69863,58],{"class":57},[47,69865,13058],{"class":53},[47,69867,914],{"class":77},[47,69869,26174],{"class":81},[47,69871,8574],{"class":77},[47,69873,69874],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,69875,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,69877,69878,69880,69882,69885],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,69879,99],{"class":98},[47,69881,78],{"class":77},[47,69883,69884],{"class":81},"removed",[47,69886,85],{"class":77},[47,69888,69889,69891,69893,69895],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,69890,99],{"class":98},[47,69892,78],{"class":77},[47,69894,17437],{"class":81},[47,69896,85],{"class":77},[20,69898,129],{},[38,69900,69902],{"className":40,"code":69901,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"blue\n['red', 'green']\n",[15,69903,69904,69909],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,69905,69906],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,69907,69908],{"class":53},"blue\n",[47,69910,69911,69913,69915,69917,69919,69921,69923,69925,69927],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,69912,736],{"class":77},[47,69914,159],{"class":151},[47,69916,13027],{"class":155},[47,69918,159],{"class":151},[47,69920,668],{"class":77},[47,69922,152],{"class":151},[47,69924,17390],{"class":155},[47,69926,159],{"class":151},[47,69928,679],{"class":77},[33,69930,245],{"id":244},[38,69932,69934],{"className":40,"code":69933,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"list.pop([index])\n",[15,69935,69936],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,69937,69938,69940,69942,69944,69946,69948],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,69939,8025],{"class":73},[47,69941,914],{"class":77},[47,69943,26174],{"class":81},[47,69945,2928],{"class":77},[47,69947,35780],{"class":81},[47,69949,3825],{"class":77},[20,69951,1939,69952,69954],{},[15,69953,35780],{}," is optional.",[185,69956,69957,69963,69969],{},[188,69958,69959,69960,69962],{},"If you do not give an index, ",[15,69961,12696],{}," removes the last item",[188,69964,69965,69966,69968],{},"If you give an index, ",[15,69967,12696],{}," removes the item at that position",[188,69970,69971],{},"You can store the result in a variable",[20,69973,800],{},[38,69975,69977],{"className":40,"code":69976,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nitem = letters.pop(1)\n\nprint(item)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,69978,69979,70011,70015,70034,70038,70048],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,69980,69981,69983,69985,69987,69989,69991,69993,69995,69997,69999,70001,70003,70005,70007,70009],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,69982,36024],{"class":53},[47,69984,58],{"class":57},[47,69986,662],{"class":77},[47,69988,309],{"class":151},[47,69990,360],{"class":155},[47,69992,309],{"class":151},[47,69994,668],{"class":77},[47,69996,303],{"class":151},[47,69998,4696],{"class":155},[47,70000,309],{"class":151},[47,70002,668],{"class":77},[47,70004,303],{"class":151},[47,70006,9671],{"class":155},[47,70008,309],{"class":151},[47,70010,679],{"class":77},[47,70012,70013],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,70014,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,70016,70017,70019,70021,70024,70026,70028,70030,70032],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,70018,28472],{"class":53},[47,70020,58],{"class":57},[47,70022,70023],{"class":53}," letters",[47,70025,914],{"class":77},[47,70027,26174],{"class":81},[47,70029,78],{"class":77},[47,70031,665],{"class":61},[47,70033,85],{"class":77},[47,70035,70036],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,70037,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,70039,70040,70042,70044,70046],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,70041,99],{"class":98},[47,70043,78],{"class":77},[47,70045,23245],{"class":81},[47,70047,85],{"class":77},[47,70049,70050,70052,70054,70056],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,70051,99],{"class":98},[47,70053,78],{"class":77},[47,70055,36077],{"class":81},[47,70057,85],{"class":77},[20,70059,129],{},[38,70061,70063],{"className":40,"code":70062,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"b\n['a', 'c']\n",[15,70064,70065,70070],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,70066,70067],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70068,70069],{"class":53},"b\n",[47,70071,70072,70074,70076,70078,70080,70082,70084,70086,70088],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,70073,736],{"class":77},[47,70075,159],{"class":151},[47,70077,360],{"class":155},[47,70079,159],{"class":151},[47,70081,668],{"class":77},[47,70083,152],{"class":151},[47,70085,9671],{"class":155},[47,70087,159],{"class":151},[47,70089,679],{"class":77},[20,70091,70092,70093,914],{},"If you are new to list positions, see ",[360,70094,52698],{"href":50905},[33,70096,70098],{"id":70097},"using-pop-without-an-index","Using pop() without an index",[20,70100,70101,70102,70104],{},"When you call ",[15,70103,12696],{}," with no argument, Python removes the last item in the list.",[38,70106,70108],{"className":40,"code":70107,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"tasks = [\"write\", \"test\", \"submit\"]\n\nlast_task = tasks.pop()\n\nprint(last_task)\nprint(tasks)\n",[15,70109,70110,70145,70149,70164,70168,70179],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,70111,70112,70114,70116,70118,70120,70123,70125,70127,70129,70132,70134,70136,70138,70141,70143],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70113,29832],{"class":53},[47,70115,58],{"class":57},[47,70117,662],{"class":77},[47,70119,309],{"class":151},[47,70121,70122],{"class":155},"write",[47,70124,309],{"class":151},[47,70126,668],{"class":77},[47,70128,303],{"class":151},[47,70130,70131],{"class":155},"test",[47,70133,309],{"class":151},[47,70135,668],{"class":77},[47,70137,303],{"class":151},[47,70139,70140],{"class":155},"submit",[47,70142,309],{"class":151},[47,70144,679],{"class":77},[47,70146,70147],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,70148,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,70150,70151,70154,70156,70158,70160,70162],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,70152,70153],{"class":53},"last_task ",[47,70155,58],{"class":57},[47,70157,29910],{"class":53},[47,70159,914],{"class":77},[47,70161,26174],{"class":81},[47,70163,8574],{"class":77},[47,70165,70166],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,70167,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,70169,70170,70172,70174,70177],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,70171,99],{"class":98},[47,70173,78],{"class":77},[47,70175,70176],{"class":81},"last_task",[47,70178,85],{"class":77},[47,70180,70181,70183,70185,70187],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,70182,99],{"class":98},[47,70184,78],{"class":77},[47,70186,36439],{"class":81},[47,70188,85],{"class":77},[20,70190,129],{},[38,70192,70194],{"className":40,"code":70193,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"submit\n['write', 'test']\n",[15,70195,70196,70201],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,70197,70198],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70199,70200],{"class":53},"submit\n",[47,70202,70203,70205,70207,70209,70211,70213,70215,70217,70219],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,70204,736],{"class":77},[47,70206,159],{"class":151},[47,70208,70122],{"class":155},[47,70210,159],{"class":151},[47,70212,668],{"class":77},[47,70214,152],{"class":151},[47,70216,70131],{"class":155},[47,70218,159],{"class":151},[47,70220,679],{"class":77},[20,70222,70223],{},"This is useful when using a list like a stack, where the last item added is the first item removed.",[33,70225,70227],{"id":70226},"using-pop-with-an-index","Using pop() with an index",[20,70229,70230],{},"You can pass an integer index to remove an item at a specific position.",[38,70232,70234],{"className":40,"code":70233,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\", \"orange\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,70235,70236,70276,70280,70298,70302,70312],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,70237,70238,70240,70242,70244,70246,70248,70250,70252,70254,70256,70258,70260,70262,70264,70266,70268,70270,70272,70274],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70239,36173],{"class":53},[47,70241,58],{"class":57},[47,70243,662],{"class":77},[47,70245,309],{"class":151},[47,70247,1425],{"class":155},[47,70249,309],{"class":151},[47,70251,668],{"class":77},[47,70253,303],{"class":151},[47,70255,1434],{"class":155},[47,70257,309],{"class":151},[47,70259,668],{"class":77},[47,70261,303],{"class":151},[47,70263,4031],{"class":155},[47,70265,309],{"class":151},[47,70267,668],{"class":77},[47,70269,303],{"class":151},[47,70271,1443],{"class":155},[47,70273,309],{"class":151},[47,70275,679],{"class":77},[47,70277,70278],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,70279,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,70281,70282,70284,70286,70288,70290,70292,70294,70296],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,70283,69861],{"class":53},[47,70285,58],{"class":57},[47,70287,52778],{"class":53},[47,70289,914],{"class":77},[47,70291,26174],{"class":81},[47,70293,78],{"class":77},[47,70295,665],{"class":61},[47,70297,85],{"class":77},[47,70299,70300],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,70301,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,70303,70304,70306,70308,70310],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,70305,99],{"class":98},[47,70307,78],{"class":77},[47,70309,69884],{"class":81},[47,70311,85],{"class":77},[47,70313,70314,70316,70318,70320],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,70315,99],{"class":98},[47,70317,78],{"class":77},[47,70319,36225],{"class":81},[47,70321,85],{"class":77},[20,70323,129],{},[38,70325,70327],{"className":40,"code":70326,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"banana\n['apple', 'cherry', 'orange']\n",[15,70328,70329,70334],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,70330,70331],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70332,70333],{"class":53},"banana\n",[47,70335,70336,70338,70340,70342,70344,70346,70348,70350,70352,70354,70356,70358,70360],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,70337,736],{"class":77},[47,70339,159],{"class":151},[47,70341,1425],{"class":155},[47,70343,159],{"class":151},[47,70345,668],{"class":77},[47,70347,152],{"class":151},[47,70349,4031],{"class":155},[47,70351,159],{"class":151},[47,70353,668],{"class":77},[47,70355,152],{"class":151},[47,70357,1443],{"class":155},[47,70359,159],{"class":151},[47,70361,679],{"class":77},[20,70363,70364],{},"You can also use negative indexes:",[38,70366,70368],{"className":40,"code":70367,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(-1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,70369,70370,70402,70406,70426,70430,70440],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,70371,70372,70374,70376,70378,70380,70382,70384,70386,70388,70390,70392,70394,70396,70398,70400],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70373,36173],{"class":53},[47,70375,58],{"class":57},[47,70377,662],{"class":77},[47,70379,309],{"class":151},[47,70381,1425],{"class":155},[47,70383,309],{"class":151},[47,70385,668],{"class":77},[47,70387,303],{"class":151},[47,70389,1434],{"class":155},[47,70391,309],{"class":151},[47,70393,668],{"class":77},[47,70395,303],{"class":151},[47,70397,4031],{"class":155},[47,70399,309],{"class":151},[47,70401,679],{"class":77},[47,70403,70404],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,70405,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,70407,70408,70410,70412,70414,70416,70418,70420,70422,70424],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,70409,69861],{"class":53},[47,70411,58],{"class":57},[47,70413,52778],{"class":53},[47,70415,914],{"class":77},[47,70417,26174],{"class":81},[47,70419,78],{"class":77},[47,70421,1981],{"class":57},[47,70423,665],{"class":61},[47,70425,85],{"class":77},[47,70427,70428],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,70429,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,70431,70432,70434,70436,70438],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,70433,99],{"class":98},[47,70435,78],{"class":77},[47,70437,69884],{"class":81},[47,70439,85],{"class":77},[47,70441,70442,70444,70446,70448],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,70443,99],{"class":98},[47,70445,78],{"class":77},[47,70447,36225],{"class":81},[47,70449,85],{"class":77},[20,70451,129],{},[38,70453,70455],{"className":40,"code":70454,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"cherry\n['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,70456,70457,70462],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,70458,70459],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70460,70461],{"class":53},"cherry\n",[47,70463,70464,70466,70468,70470,70472,70474,70476,70478,70480],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,70465,736],{"class":77},[47,70467,159],{"class":151},[47,70469,1425],{"class":155},[47,70471,159],{"class":151},[47,70473,668],{"class":77},[47,70475,152],{"class":151},[47,70477,1434],{"class":155},[47,70479,159],{"class":151},[47,70481,679],{"class":77},[20,70483,70484,70485,70487],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. So ",[15,70486,65781],{}," means the last item.",[20,70489,70490,70491,914],{},"If you need to find a position before removing it, see the ",[360,70492,70493,10673],{"href":58892},[15,70494,64792],{},[33,70496,70498],{"id":70497},"what-pop-returns","What pop() returns",[20,70500,70501,70503],{},[15,70502,12696],{}," returns the item that was removed.",[20,70505,70506,70507,4329,70509,914],{},"This is one of the biggest differences between ",[15,70508,12696],{},[360,70510,70511],{"href":54999},[15,70512,55456],{},[20,70514,800],{},[38,70516,70518],{"className":40,"code":70517,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nremoved_name = names.pop(0)\n\nprint(removed_name)\nprint(names)\n",[15,70519,70520,70552,70556,70575,70579,70590],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,70521,70522,70524,70526,70528,70530,70532,70534,70536,70538,70540,70542,70544,70546,70548,70550],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70523,4929],{"class":53},[47,70525,58],{"class":57},[47,70527,662],{"class":77},[47,70529,309],{"class":151},[47,70531,12814],{"class":155},[47,70533,309],{"class":151},[47,70535,668],{"class":77},[47,70537,303],{"class":151},[47,70539,35875],{"class":155},[47,70541,309],{"class":151},[47,70543,668],{"class":77},[47,70545,303],{"class":151},[47,70547,35884],{"class":155},[47,70549,309],{"class":151},[47,70551,679],{"class":77},[47,70553,70554],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,70555,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,70557,70558,70561,70563,70565,70567,70569,70571,70573],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,70559,70560],{"class":53},"removed_name ",[47,70562,58],{"class":57},[47,70564,69503],{"class":53},[47,70566,914],{"class":77},[47,70568,26174],{"class":81},[47,70570,78],{"class":77},[47,70572,2077],{"class":61},[47,70574,85],{"class":77},[47,70576,70577],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,70578,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,70580,70581,70583,70585,70588],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,70582,99],{"class":98},[47,70584,78],{"class":77},[47,70586,70587],{"class":81},"removed_name",[47,70589,85],{"class":77},[47,70591,70592,70594,70596,70598],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,70593,99],{"class":98},[47,70595,78],{"class":77},[47,70597,4973],{"class":81},[47,70599,85],{"class":77},[20,70601,129],{},[38,70603,70605],{"className":40,"code":70604,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Ana\n['Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,70606,70607,70611],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,70608,70609],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70610,49965],{"class":53},[47,70612,70613,70615,70617,70619,70621,70623,70625,70627,70629],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,70614,736],{"class":77},[47,70616,159],{"class":151},[47,70618,35875],{"class":155},[47,70620,159],{"class":151},[47,70622,668],{"class":77},[47,70624,152],{"class":151},[47,70626,35884],{"class":155},[47,70628,159],{"class":151},[47,70630,679],{"class":77},[20,70632,70633],{},"This is useful when you need the removed value after taking it out of the list.",[20,70635,70636,70637,70639,70640,914],{},"By comparison, ",[15,70638,55456],{}," deletes by value and returns ",[15,70641,3713],{},[33,70643,70645],{"id":70644},"common-errors-and-edge-cases","Common errors and edge cases",[373,70647,70649],{"id":70648},"popping-from-an-empty-list","Popping from an empty list",[20,70651,70652,70653,70655,70656,914],{},"If the list is empty, ",[15,70654,12696],{}," raises an ",[15,70657,70658],{},"IndexError",[38,70660,70662],{"className":40,"code":70661,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = []\nitems.pop()\n",[15,70663,70664,70672],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,70665,70666,70668,70670],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70667,657],{"class":53},[47,70669,58],{"class":57},[47,70671,7770],{"class":77},[47,70673,70674,70676,70678,70680],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,70675,692],{"class":53},[47,70677,914],{"class":77},[47,70679,26174],{"class":81},[47,70681,8574],{"class":77},[20,70683,129],{},[38,70685,70687],{"className":40,"code":70686,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"IndexError: pop from empty list\n",[15,70688,70689],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,70690,70691,70693,70695,70698,70701,70704],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70692,70658],{"class":73},[47,70694,2826],{"class":77},[47,70696,70697],{"class":53}," pop ",[47,70699,70700],{"class":3812},"from",[47,70702,70703],{"class":53}," empty ",[47,70705,49811],{"class":73},[20,70707,39197],{},[185,70709,70710,70715],{},[188,70711,70712,70713],{},"Check that the list is not empty before calling ",[15,70714,12696],{},[188,70716,70717,70718,4329,70720],{},"Or handle the error with ",[15,70719,29738],{},[15,70721,29769],{},[20,70723,800],{},[38,70725,70727],{"className":40,"code":70726,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = []\n\nif items:\n    print(items.pop())\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty.\")\n",[15,70728,70729,70737,70741,70749,70763,70769],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,70730,70731,70733,70735],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70732,657],{"class":53},[47,70734,58],{"class":57},[47,70736,7770],{"class":77},[47,70738,70739],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,70740,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,70742,70743,70745,70747],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,70744,6930],{"class":3812},[47,70746,5900],{"class":53},[47,70748,6329],{"class":77},[47,70750,70751,70753,70755,70757,70759,70761],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,70752,8000],{"class":98},[47,70754,78],{"class":77},[47,70756,692],{"class":81},[47,70758,914],{"class":77},[47,70760,26174],{"class":81},[47,70762,7127],{"class":77},[47,70764,70765,70767],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,70766,27367],{"class":3812},[47,70768,6329],{"class":77},[47,70770,70771,70773,70775,70777,70780,70782],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,70772,8000],{"class":98},[47,70774,78],{"class":77},[47,70776,309],{"class":151},[47,70778,70779],{"class":155},"The list is empty.",[47,70781,309],{"class":151},[47,70783,85],{"class":77},[373,70785,70787],{"id":70786},"using-an-index-that-does-not-exist","Using an index that does not exist",[20,70789,70790,70791,914],{},"If the index is outside the valid range, Python raises an ",[15,70792,70658],{},[38,70794,70796],{"className":40,"code":70795,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(5)\n",[15,70797,70798,70818],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,70799,70800,70802,70804,70806,70808,70810,70812,70814,70816],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70801,3554],{"class":53},[47,70803,58],{"class":57},[47,70805,662],{"class":77},[47,70807,193],{"class":61},[47,70809,668],{"class":77},[47,70811,7722],{"class":61},[47,70813,668],{"class":77},[47,70815,7727],{"class":61},[47,70817,679],{"class":77},[47,70819,70820,70822,70824,70826,70828,70830],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,70821,3584],{"class":53},[47,70823,914],{"class":77},[47,70825,26174],{"class":81},[47,70827,78],{"class":77},[47,70829,2094],{"class":61},[47,70831,85],{"class":77},[20,70833,129],{},[38,70835,70837],{"className":40,"code":70836,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"IndexError: pop index out of range\n",[15,70838,70839],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,70840,70841,70843,70845,70848],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70842,70658],{"class":73},[47,70844,2826],{"class":77},[47,70846,70847],{"class":53}," pop index out of ",[47,70849,70850],{"class":98},"range\n",[20,70852,39197],{},[185,70854,70855,70860],{},[188,70856,70857,70858],{},"Check the list length with ",[15,70859,42292],{},[188,70861,70862],{},"Make sure the index is valid before removing",[38,70864,70866],{"className":40,"code":70865,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = 2\n\nif 0 \u003C= index \u003C len(numbers):\n    print(numbers.pop(index))\nelse:\n    print(\"Index is out of range.\")\n",[15,70867,70868,70888,70897,70901,70923,70941,70947],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,70869,70870,70872,70874,70876,70878,70880,70882,70884,70886],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70871,3554],{"class":53},[47,70873,58],{"class":57},[47,70875,662],{"class":77},[47,70877,193],{"class":61},[47,70879,668],{"class":77},[47,70881,7722],{"class":61},[47,70883,668],{"class":77},[47,70885,7727],{"class":61},[47,70887,679],{"class":77},[47,70889,70890,70893,70895],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,70891,70892],{"class":53},"index ",[47,70894,58],{"class":57},[47,70896,45520],{"class":61},[47,70898,70899],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,70900,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,70902,70903,70905,70907,70910,70913,70915,70917,70919,70921],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,70904,6930],{"class":3812},[47,70906,3769],{"class":61},[47,70908,70909],{"class":57}," \u003C=",[47,70911,70912],{"class":53}," index ",[47,70914,144],{"class":57},[47,70916,38321],{"class":98},[47,70918,78],{"class":77},[47,70920,3584],{"class":81},[47,70922,8273],{"class":77},[47,70924,70925,70927,70929,70931,70933,70935,70937,70939],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,70926,8000],{"class":98},[47,70928,78],{"class":77},[47,70930,3584],{"class":81},[47,70932,914],{"class":77},[47,70934,26174],{"class":81},[47,70936,78],{"class":77},[47,70938,35780],{"class":81},[47,70940,123],{"class":77},[47,70942,70943,70945],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,70944,27367],{"class":3812},[47,70946,6329],{"class":77},[47,70948,70949,70951,70953,70955,70958,70960],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,70950,8000],{"class":98},[47,70952,78],{"class":77},[47,70954,309],{"class":151},[47,70956,70957],{"class":155},"Index is out of range.",[47,70959,309],{"class":151},[47,70961,85],{"class":77},[20,70963,70964,70965,914],{},"For more help with this kind of problem, see ",[360,70966,69186],{"href":69185},[373,70968,70970],{"id":70969},"passing-a-non-integer-index","Passing a non-integer index",[20,70972,70973,70975],{},[15,70974,12696],{}," expects an integer index.",[38,70977,70979],{"className":40,"code":70978,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(\"1\")\n",[15,70980,70981,71001],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,70982,70983,70985,70987,70989,70991,70993,70995,70997,70999],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70984,3554],{"class":53},[47,70986,58],{"class":57},[47,70988,662],{"class":77},[47,70990,193],{"class":61},[47,70992,668],{"class":77},[47,70994,7722],{"class":61},[47,70996,668],{"class":77},[47,70998,7727],{"class":61},[47,71000,679],{"class":77},[47,71002,71003,71005,71007,71009,71011,71013,71015,71017],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,71004,3584],{"class":53},[47,71006,914],{"class":77},[47,71008,26174],{"class":81},[47,71010,78],{"class":77},[47,71012,309],{"class":151},[47,71014,665],{"class":155},[47,71016,309],{"class":151},[47,71018,85],{"class":77},[20,71020,129],{},[38,71022,71024],{"className":40,"code":71023,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"TypeError: 'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer\n",[15,71025,71026],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,71027,71028,71030,71032,71034,71036,71038,71040,71043,71046],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,71029,2947],{"class":73},[47,71031,2826],{"class":77},[47,71033,152],{"class":151},[47,71035,156],{"class":155},[47,71037,159],{"class":151},[47,71039,24552],{"class":73},[47,71041,71042],{"class":53}," cannot be interpreted ",[47,71044,71045],{"class":3812},"as",[47,71047,71048],{"class":53}," an integer\n",[20,71050,39197],{},[185,71052,71053,71062],{},[188,71054,71055,71056,1752,71058,2148,71060],{},"Pass an integer such as ",[15,71057,2077],{},[15,71059,665],{},[15,71061,65781],{},[188,71063,71064],{},"If the value comes from input, convert it first",[38,71066,71068],{"className":40,"code":71067,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = int(\"1\")\n\nprint(numbers.pop(index))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71069,71070,71090,71108,71112,71130],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,71071,71072,71074,71076,71078,71080,71082,71084,71086,71088],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,71073,3554],{"class":53},[47,71075,58],{"class":57},[47,71077,662],{"class":77},[47,71079,193],{"class":61},[47,71081,668],{"class":77},[47,71083,7722],{"class":61},[47,71085,668],{"class":77},[47,71087,7727],{"class":61},[47,71089,679],{"class":77},[47,71091,71092,71094,71096,71098,71100,71102,71104,71106],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,71093,70892],{"class":53},[47,71095,58],{"class":57},[47,71097,45207],{"class":73},[47,71099,78],{"class":77},[47,71101,309],{"class":151},[47,71103,665],{"class":155},[47,71105,309],{"class":151},[47,71107,85],{"class":77},[47,71109,71110],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,71111,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,71113,71114,71116,71118,71120,71122,71124,71126,71128],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,71115,99],{"class":98},[47,71117,78],{"class":77},[47,71119,3584],{"class":81},[47,71121,914],{"class":77},[47,71123,26174],{"class":81},[47,71125,78],{"class":77},[47,71127,35780],{"class":81},[47,71129,123],{"class":77},[47,71131,71132,71134,71136,71138],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,71133,99],{"class":98},[47,71135,78],{"class":77},[47,71137,3584],{"class":81},[47,71139,85],{"class":77},[20,71141,129],{},[38,71143,71145],{"className":40,"code":71144,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"20\n[10, 30]\n",[15,71146,71147,71152],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,71148,71149],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,71150,71151],{"class":61},"20\n",[47,71153,71154,71156,71158,71160,71162],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,71155,736],{"class":77},[47,71157,193],{"class":61},[47,71159,668],{"class":77},[47,71161,7727],{"class":61},[47,71163,679],{"class":77},[33,71165,71167],{"id":71166},"pop-vs-remove","pop() vs remove()",[20,71169,71170],{},"These methods are similar, but they are not the same.",[373,71172,165,71174,10533],{"id":71173},"use-pop-when",[15,71175,12696],{},[185,71177,71178,71181,71184],{},[188,71179,71180],{},"you want to remove by index",[188,71182,71183],{},"you want the removed item returned",[188,71185,71186],{},"you want to remove the last item by default",[373,71188,165,71190,10533],{"id":71189},"use-remove-when",[15,71191,55456],{},[185,71193,71194,71197],{},[188,71195,71196],{},"you want to remove by value",[188,71198,71199],{},"you know the item itself, not its position",[20,71201,71202],{},"Compare these examples:",[38,71204,71206],{"className":40,"code":71205,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nremoved = numbers.pop(1)\nprint(removed)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71207,71208,71232,71236,71254,71264],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,71209,71210,71212,71214,71216,71218,71220,71222,71224,71226,71228,71230],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,71211,3554],{"class":53},[47,71213,58],{"class":57},[47,71215,662],{"class":77},[47,71217,193],{"class":61},[47,71219,668],{"class":77},[47,71221,7722],{"class":61},[47,71223,668],{"class":77},[47,71225,7727],{"class":61},[47,71227,668],{"class":77},[47,71229,7722],{"class":61},[47,71231,679],{"class":77},[47,71233,71234],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,71235,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,71237,71238,71240,71242,71244,71246,71248,71250,71252],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,71239,69861],{"class":53},[47,71241,58],{"class":57},[47,71243,4198],{"class":53},[47,71245,914],{"class":77},[47,71247,26174],{"class":81},[47,71249,78],{"class":77},[47,71251,665],{"class":61},[47,71253,85],{"class":77},[47,71255,71256,71258,71260,71262],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,71257,99],{"class":98},[47,71259,78],{"class":77},[47,71261,69884],{"class":81},[47,71263,85],{"class":77},[47,71265,71266,71268,71270,71272],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,71267,99],{"class":98},[47,71269,78],{"class":77},[47,71271,3584],{"class":81},[47,71273,85],{"class":77},[20,71275,129],{},[38,71277,71279],{"className":40,"code":71278,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"20\n[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,71280,71281,71285],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,71282,71283],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,71284,71151],{"class":61},[47,71286,71287,71289,71291,71293,71295,71297,71299],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,71288,736],{"class":77},[47,71290,193],{"class":61},[47,71292,668],{"class":77},[47,71294,7727],{"class":61},[47,71296,668],{"class":77},[47,71298,7722],{"class":61},[47,71300,679],{"class":77},[38,71302,71304],{"className":40,"code":71303,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nnumbers.remove(20)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71305,71306,71330,71334,71348],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,71307,71308,71310,71312,71314,71316,71318,71320,71322,71324,71326,71328],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,71309,3554],{"class":53},[47,71311,58],{"class":57},[47,71313,662],{"class":77},[47,71315,193],{"class":61},[47,71317,668],{"class":77},[47,71319,7722],{"class":61},[47,71321,668],{"class":77},[47,71323,7727],{"class":61},[47,71325,668],{"class":77},[47,71327,7722],{"class":61},[47,71329,679],{"class":77},[47,71331,71332],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,71333,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,71335,71336,71338,71340,71342,71344,71346],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,71337,3584],{"class":53},[47,71339,914],{"class":77},[47,71341,34727],{"class":81},[47,71343,78],{"class":77},[47,71345,15689],{"class":61},[47,71347,85],{"class":77},[47,71349,71350,71352,71354,71356],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,71351,99],{"class":98},[47,71353,78],{"class":77},[47,71355,3584],{"class":81},[47,71357,85],{"class":77},[20,71359,129],{},[38,71361,71363],{"className":40,"code":71362,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,71364,71365],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,71366,71367,71369,71371,71373,71375,71377,71379],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,71368,736],{"class":77},[47,71370,193],{"class":61},[47,71372,668],{"class":77},[47,71374,7727],{"class":61},[47,71376,668],{"class":77},[47,71378,7722],{"class":61},[47,71380,679],{"class":77},[20,71382,71383,71384,71387,71388,914],{},"In the first example, ",[15,71385,71386],{},"pop(1)"," removes the item at index ",[15,71389,665],{},[20,71391,56532,71392,71395,71396,914],{},[15,71393,71394],{},"remove(20)"," removes the first matching value ",[15,71397,15689],{},[20,71399,71400,71401,914],{},"If your goal is practical list cleanup, see ",[360,71402,54995],{"href":54994},[33,71404,2775],{"id":2774},[20,71406,71407,71408,2826],{},"Beginners often run into these problems with ",[15,71409,12696],{},[185,71411,71412,71415,71418,71424,71428],{},[188,71413,71414],{},"Trying to pop from an empty list",[188,71416,71417],{},"Using an index larger than the list length",[188,71419,37138,71420,8636,71422],{},[15,71421,12696],{},[15,71423,55456],{},[188,71425,1400,71426,61899],{},[15,71427,12696],{},[188,71429,71430],{},"Passing a string instead of an integer index",[20,71432,71433],{},"Helpful checks while debugging:",[38,71435,71437],{"className":40,"code":71436,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.pop())\nprint(my_list.pop(0))\nprint(type(index))\n",[15,71438,71439,71449,71463,71477,71495],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,71440,71441,71443,71445,71447],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,71442,99],{"class":98},[47,71444,78],{"class":77},[47,71446,8270],{"class":81},[47,71448,85],{"class":77},[47,71450,71451,71453,71455,71457,71459,71461],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,71452,99],{"class":98},[47,71454,78],{"class":77},[47,71456,11095],{"class":98},[47,71458,78],{"class":77},[47,71460,8270],{"class":81},[47,71462,123],{"class":77},[47,71464,71465,71467,71469,71471,71473,71475],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,71466,99],{"class":98},[47,71468,78],{"class":77},[47,71470,8270],{"class":81},[47,71472,914],{"class":77},[47,71474,26174],{"class":81},[47,71476,7127],{"class":77},[47,71478,71479,71481,71483,71485,71487,71489,71491,71493],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,71480,99],{"class":98},[47,71482,78],{"class":77},[47,71484,8270],{"class":81},[47,71486,914],{"class":77},[47,71488,26174],{"class":81},[47,71490,78],{"class":77},[47,71492,2077],{"class":61},[47,71494,123],{"class":77},[47,71496,71497,71499,71501,71503,71505,71507],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,71498,99],{"class":98},[47,71500,78],{"class":77},[47,71502,116],{"class":73},[47,71504,78],{"class":77},[47,71506,35780],{"class":81},[47,71508,123],{"class":77},[20,71510,71511],{},"Be careful with these debugging lines:",[185,71513,71514,71520],{},[188,71515,71516,71519],{},[15,71517,71518],{},"print(my_list.pop())"," changes the list",[188,71521,71522,71525],{},[15,71523,71524],{},"print(my_list.pop(0))"," also changes the list",[20,71527,71528,71529,71532],{},"If you only want to inspect the list, use ",[15,71530,71531],{},"print(my_list)"," first.",[33,71534,1762],{"id":1761},[373,71536,71538],{"id":71537},"does-pop-remove-the-last-item-by-default","Does pop() remove the last item by default?",[20,71540,71541,71542,71544],{},"Yes. If you do not pass an index, ",[15,71543,12696],{}," removes and returns the last item.",[373,71546,71548],{"id":71547},"what-is-the-difference-between-pop-and-remove","What is the difference between pop() and remove()?",[20,71550,71551,71553,71554,71556,71557,914],{},[15,71552,12696],{}," removes by index and returns the removed item. ",[15,71555,55456],{}," removes by value and returns ",[15,71558,3713],{},[373,71560,71562],{"id":71561},"can-pop-use-negative-indexes","Can pop() use negative indexes?",[20,71564,71565,71566,71569],{},"Yes. For example, ",[15,71567,71568],{},"pop(-1)"," removes the last item.",[373,71571,71573],{"id":71572},"what-happens-if-the-list-is-empty","What happens if the list is empty?",[20,71575,71576,71577,71579],{},"Python raises ",[15,71578,70658],{}," because there is no item to remove.",[33,71581,1825],{"id":1824},[185,71583,71584,71588,71593,71598,71603],{},[188,71585,71586],{},[360,71587,55442],{"href":54994},[188,71589,71590],{},[360,71591,71592],{"href":54999},"Python list remove() method",[188,71594,71595],{},[360,71596,71597],{"href":58892},"Python list index() method",[188,71599,71600],{},[360,71601,71602],{"href":50905},"Python lists explained: beginner guide",[188,71604,71605],{},[360,71606,69186],{"href":69185},[1875,71608,71609],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":65,"depth":65,"links":71611},[71612,71613,71614,71615,71616,71617,71618,71623,71629,71630,71636],{"id":35,"depth":65,"text":36},{"id":69787,"depth":65,"text":69788},{"id":244,"depth":65,"text":245},{"id":70097,"depth":65,"text":70098},{"id":70226,"depth":65,"text":70227},{"id":70497,"depth":65,"text":70498},{"id":70644,"depth":65,"text":70645,"children":71619},[71620,71621,71622],{"id":70648,"depth":88,"text":70649},{"id":70786,"depth":88,"text":70787},{"id":70969,"depth":88,"text":70970},{"id":71166,"depth":65,"text":71167,"children":71624},[71625,71627],{"id":71173,"depth":88,"text":71626},"Use pop() when:",{"id":71189,"depth":88,"text":71628},"Use remove() when:",{"id":2774,"depth":65,"text":2775},{"id":1761,"depth":65,"text":1762,"children":71631},[71632,71633,71634,71635],{"id":71537,"depth":88,"text":71538},{"id":71547,"depth":88,"text":71548},{"id":71561,"depth":88,"text":71562},{"id":71572,"depth":88,"text":71573},{"id":1824,"depth":65,"text":1825},"Master python list pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method",{"title":69654,"description":71637},"reference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method","kHX2O4xs3stUx9ClpKy3mBjYQCERRseG-ecaBv6b1II",{"id":71644,"title":71645,"body":71646,"description":73431,"extension":1922,"meta":73432,"navigation":91,"path":73433,"seo":73434,"stem":73435,"__hash__":73436},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method.md","Python List remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":71647,"toc":73413},[71648,71651,71656,71662,71664,71734,71740,71744,71749,71770,71773,71840,71842,71863,71871,71873,71892,71908,71910,71975,71977,72002,72004,72006,72071,72073,72098,72100,72114,72117,72170,72172,72193,72197,72205,72278,72280,72313,72319,72325,72416,72418,72443,72449,72538,72540,72564,72566,72570,72625,72627,72659,72662,72665,72759,72761,72793,72799,72805,72809,72816,72842,72846,72911,72913,72938,72942,73023,73025,73054,73059,73064,73070,73074,73081,73103,73107,73166,73168,73192,73201,73206,73208,73212,73241,73243,73318,73321,73335,73341,73343,73347,73350,73354,73359,73363,73372,73376,73384,73386,73410],[10,71649,71645],{"id":71650},"python-list-remove-method",[20,71652,1939,71653,71655],{},[15,71654,55002],{}," method deletes the first item in a list that matches a given value.",[20,71657,71658,71659,71661],{},"Use this method when you know the ",[127,71660,585],{}," you want to remove, not the position. This page focuses on removing by value, not by index.",[33,71663,36],{"id":35},[38,71665,71667],{"className":40,"code":71666,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,71668,71669,71701,71719,71729],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,71670,71671,71673,71675,71677,71679,71681,71683,71685,71687,71689,71691,71693,71695,71697,71699],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,71672,657],{"class":53},[47,71674,58],{"class":57},[47,71676,662],{"class":77},[47,71678,309],{"class":151},[47,71680,1425],{"class":155},[47,71682,309],{"class":151},[47,71684,668],{"class":77},[47,71686,303],{"class":151},[47,71688,1434],{"class":155},[47,71690,309],{"class":151},[47,71692,668],{"class":77},[47,71694,303],{"class":151},[47,71696,1443],{"class":155},[47,71698,309],{"class":151},[47,71700,679],{"class":77},[47,71702,71703,71705,71707,71709,71711,71713,71715,71717],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,71704,692],{"class":53},[47,71706,914],{"class":77},[47,71708,34727],{"class":81},[47,71710,78],{"class":77},[47,71712,309],{"class":151},[47,71714,1434],{"class":155},[47,71716,309],{"class":151},[47,71718,85],{"class":77},[47,71720,71721,71723,71725,71727],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,71722,99],{"class":98},[47,71724,78],{"class":77},[47,71726,692],{"class":81},[47,71728,85],{"class":77},[47,71730,71731],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,71732,71733],{"class":1378},"# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[20,71735,165,71736,71739],{},[15,71737,71738],{},"remove(value)"," to delete the first matching item from a list.",[33,71741,71743],{"id":71742},"what-remove-does","What remove() does",[20,71745,71746,71748],{},[15,71747,55456],{}," is a list method that:",[185,71750,71751,71757,71762,71767],{},[188,71752,71753,71754,71756],{},"Deletes the ",[127,71755,29843],{}," item in the list that matches the value",[188,71758,71759,71760],{},"Changes the original list ",[127,71761,11268],{},[188,71763,1776,71764,71766],{},[127,71765,768],{}," return a new list",[188,71768,71769],{},"Is useful when you know the item value you want to delete",[20,71771,71772],{},"This is important for beginners:",[38,71774,71776],{"className":40,"code":71775,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.remove(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,71777,71778,71798,71816,71820,71830],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,71779,71780,71782,71784,71786,71788,71790,71792,71794,71796],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,71781,3554],{"class":53},[47,71783,58],{"class":57},[47,71785,662],{"class":77},[47,71787,665],{"class":61},[47,71789,668],{"class":77},[47,71791,671],{"class":61},[47,71793,668],{"class":77},[47,71795,676],{"class":61},[47,71797,679],{"class":77},[47,71799,71800,71802,71804,71806,71808,71810,71812,71814],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,71801,2184],{"class":53},[47,71803,58],{"class":57},[47,71805,4198],{"class":53},[47,71807,914],{"class":77},[47,71809,34727],{"class":81},[47,71811,78],{"class":77},[47,71813,2016],{"class":61},[47,71815,85],{"class":77},[47,71817,71818],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,71819,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,71821,71822,71824,71826,71828],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,71823,99],{"class":98},[47,71825,78],{"class":77},[47,71827,3584],{"class":81},[47,71829,85],{"class":77},[47,71831,71832,71834,71836,71838],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,71833,99],{"class":98},[47,71835,78],{"class":77},[47,71837,2218],{"class":81},[47,71839,85],{"class":77},[20,71841,129],{},[38,71843,71845],{"className":40,"code":71844,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 3]\nNone\n",[15,71846,71847,71859],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,71848,71849,71851,71853,71855,71857],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,71850,736],{"class":77},[47,71852,665],{"class":61},[47,71854,668],{"class":77},[47,71856,676],{"class":61},[47,71858,679],{"class":77},[47,71860,71861],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,71862,11742],{"class":571},[20,71864,71865,71866,71868,71869,914],{},"The list changed, but ",[15,71867,55456],{}," itself returned ",[15,71870,3713],{},[33,71872,5364],{"id":5363},[38,71874,71876],{"className":40,"code":71875,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"list.remove(value)\n",[15,71877,71878],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,71879,71880,71882,71884,71886,71888,71890],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,71881,8025],{"class":73},[47,71883,914],{"class":77},[47,71885,34727],{"class":81},[47,71887,78],{"class":77},[47,71889,585],{"class":81},[47,71891,85],{"class":77},[185,71893,71894,71899,71902],{},[188,71895,71896,71898],{},[15,71897,585],{}," is the item you want to delete",[188,71900,71901],{},"Python searches from left to right",[188,71903,71904,71905,71907],{},"Only the ",[127,71906,29843],{}," matching value is removed",[20,71909,800],{},[38,71911,71913],{"className":40,"code":71912,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nletters.remove(\"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,71914,71915,71947,71965],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,71916,71917,71919,71921,71923,71925,71927,71929,71931,71933,71935,71937,71939,71941,71943,71945],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,71918,36024],{"class":53},[47,71920,58],{"class":57},[47,71922,662],{"class":77},[47,71924,309],{"class":151},[47,71926,360],{"class":155},[47,71928,309],{"class":151},[47,71930,668],{"class":77},[47,71932,303],{"class":151},[47,71934,4696],{"class":155},[47,71936,309],{"class":151},[47,71938,668],{"class":77},[47,71940,303],{"class":151},[47,71942,9671],{"class":155},[47,71944,309],{"class":151},[47,71946,679],{"class":77},[47,71948,71949,71951,71953,71955,71957,71959,71961,71963],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,71950,36077],{"class":53},[47,71952,914],{"class":77},[47,71954,34727],{"class":81},[47,71956,78],{"class":77},[47,71958,309],{"class":151},[47,71960,4696],{"class":155},[47,71962,309],{"class":151},[47,71964,85],{"class":77},[47,71966,71967,71969,71971,71973],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,71968,99],{"class":98},[47,71970,78],{"class":77},[47,71972,36077],{"class":81},[47,71974,85],{"class":77},[20,71976,129],{},[38,71978,71980],{"className":40,"code":71979,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['a', 'c']\n",[15,71981,71982],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,71983,71984,71986,71988,71990,71992,71994,71996,71998,72000],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,71985,736],{"class":77},[47,71987,159],{"class":151},[47,71989,360],{"class":155},[47,71991,159],{"class":151},[47,71993,668],{"class":77},[47,71995,152],{"class":151},[47,71997,9671],{"class":155},[47,71999,159],{"class":151},[47,72001,679],{"class":77},[33,72003,5721],{"id":5720},[20,72005,65101],{},[38,72007,72009],{"className":40,"code":72008,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,72010,72011,72043,72061],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,72012,72013,72015,72017,72019,72021,72023,72025,72027,72029,72031,72033,72035,72037,72039,72041],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72014,13010],{"class":53},[47,72016,58],{"class":57},[47,72018,662],{"class":77},[47,72020,309],{"class":151},[47,72022,13027],{"class":155},[47,72024,309],{"class":151},[47,72026,668],{"class":77},[47,72028,303],{"class":151},[47,72030,13044],{"class":155},[47,72032,309],{"class":151},[47,72034,668],{"class":77},[47,72036,303],{"class":151},[47,72038,17390],{"class":155},[47,72040,309],{"class":151},[47,72042,679],{"class":77},[47,72044,72045,72047,72049,72051,72053,72055,72057,72059],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,72046,17437],{"class":53},[47,72048,914],{"class":77},[47,72050,34727],{"class":81},[47,72052,78],{"class":77},[47,72054,309],{"class":151},[47,72056,13044],{"class":155},[47,72058,309],{"class":151},[47,72060,85],{"class":77},[47,72062,72063,72065,72067,72069],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,72064,99],{"class":98},[47,72066,78],{"class":77},[47,72068,17437],{"class":81},[47,72070,85],{"class":77},[20,72072,129],{},[38,72074,72076],{"className":40,"code":72075,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['red', 'green']\n",[15,72077,72078],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,72079,72080,72082,72084,72086,72088,72090,72092,72094,72096],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72081,736],{"class":77},[47,72083,159],{"class":151},[47,72085,13027],{"class":155},[47,72087,159],{"class":151},[47,72089,668],{"class":77},[47,72091,152],{"class":151},[47,72093,17390],{"class":155},[47,72095,159],{"class":151},[47,72097,679],{"class":77},[20,72099,11617],{},[185,72101,72102,72105,72111],{},[188,72103,72104],{},"A list is created with three values",[188,72106,72107,72110],{},[15,72108,72109],{},"remove(\"blue\")"," deletes the matching item",[188,72112,72113],{},"The list is printed after the change",[20,72115,72116],{},"You can use the same method with numbers too:",[38,72118,72120],{"className":40,"code":72119,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"scores = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nscores.remove(30)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,72121,72122,72146,72160],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,72123,72124,72126,72128,72130,72132,72134,72136,72138,72140,72142,72144],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72125,4998],{"class":53},[47,72127,58],{"class":57},[47,72129,662],{"class":77},[47,72131,193],{"class":61},[47,72133,668],{"class":77},[47,72135,7722],{"class":61},[47,72137,668],{"class":77},[47,72139,7727],{"class":61},[47,72141,668],{"class":77},[47,72143,50769],{"class":61},[47,72145,679],{"class":77},[47,72147,72148,72150,72152,72154,72156,72158],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,72149,16324],{"class":53},[47,72151,914],{"class":77},[47,72153,34727],{"class":81},[47,72155,78],{"class":77},[47,72157,36775],{"class":61},[47,72159,85],{"class":77},[47,72161,72162,72164,72166,72168],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,72163,99],{"class":98},[47,72165,78],{"class":77},[47,72167,16324],{"class":81},[47,72169,85],{"class":77},[20,72171,129],{},[38,72173,72175],{"className":40,"code":72174,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[10, 20, 40]\n",[15,72176,72177],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,72178,72179,72181,72183,72185,72187,72189,72191],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72180,736],{"class":77},[47,72182,193],{"class":61},[47,72184,668],{"class":77},[47,72186,7722],{"class":61},[47,72188,668],{"class":77},[47,72190,50769],{"class":61},[47,72192,679],{"class":77},[33,72194,72196],{"id":72195},"what-happens-with-duplicates","What happens with duplicates",[20,72198,65091,72199,72201,72202,72204],{},[15,72200,55456],{}," deletes only the ",[127,72203,29843],{}," one.",[38,72206,72208],{"className":40,"code":72207,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72209,72210,72250,72268],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,72211,72212,72214,72216,72218,72220,72222,72224,72226,72228,72230,72232,72234,72236,72238,72240,72242,72244,72246,72248],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72213,657],{"class":53},[47,72215,58],{"class":57},[47,72217,662],{"class":77},[47,72219,309],{"class":151},[47,72221,1425],{"class":155},[47,72223,309],{"class":151},[47,72225,668],{"class":77},[47,72227,303],{"class":151},[47,72229,1434],{"class":155},[47,72231,309],{"class":151},[47,72233,668],{"class":77},[47,72235,303],{"class":151},[47,72237,1425],{"class":155},[47,72239,309],{"class":151},[47,72241,668],{"class":77},[47,72243,303],{"class":151},[47,72245,1443],{"class":155},[47,72247,309],{"class":151},[47,72249,679],{"class":77},[47,72251,72252,72254,72256,72258,72260,72262,72264,72266],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,72253,692],{"class":53},[47,72255,914],{"class":77},[47,72257,34727],{"class":81},[47,72259,78],{"class":77},[47,72261,309],{"class":151},[47,72263,1425],{"class":155},[47,72265,309],{"class":151},[47,72267,85],{"class":77},[47,72269,72270,72272,72274,72276],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,72271,99],{"class":98},[47,72273,78],{"class":77},[47,72275,692],{"class":81},[47,72277,85],{"class":77},[20,72279,129],{},[38,72281,72283],{"className":40,"code":72282,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['banana', 'apple', 'orange']\n",[15,72284,72285],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,72286,72287,72289,72291,72293,72295,72297,72299,72301,72303,72305,72307,72309,72311],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72288,736],{"class":77},[47,72290,159],{"class":151},[47,72292,1434],{"class":155},[47,72294,159],{"class":151},[47,72296,668],{"class":77},[47,72298,152],{"class":151},[47,72300,1425],{"class":155},[47,72302,159],{"class":151},[47,72304,668],{"class":77},[47,72306,152],{"class":151},[47,72308,1443],{"class":155},[47,72310,159],{"class":151},[47,72312,679],{"class":77},[20,72314,72315,72316,72318],{},"Only the first ",[15,72317,57760],{}," was removed.",[20,72320,72321,72322,72324],{},"If you want to remove another matching value, call ",[15,72323,55456],{}," again:",[38,72326,72328],{"className":40,"code":72327,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72329,72330,72370,72388,72406],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,72331,72332,72334,72336,72338,72340,72342,72344,72346,72348,72350,72352,72354,72356,72358,72360,72362,72364,72366,72368],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72333,657],{"class":53},[47,72335,58],{"class":57},[47,72337,662],{"class":77},[47,72339,309],{"class":151},[47,72341,1425],{"class":155},[47,72343,309],{"class":151},[47,72345,668],{"class":77},[47,72347,303],{"class":151},[47,72349,1434],{"class":155},[47,72351,309],{"class":151},[47,72353,668],{"class":77},[47,72355,303],{"class":151},[47,72357,1425],{"class":155},[47,72359,309],{"class":151},[47,72361,668],{"class":77},[47,72363,303],{"class":151},[47,72365,1443],{"class":155},[47,72367,309],{"class":151},[47,72369,679],{"class":77},[47,72371,72372,72374,72376,72378,72380,72382,72384,72386],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,72373,692],{"class":53},[47,72375,914],{"class":77},[47,72377,34727],{"class":81},[47,72379,78],{"class":77},[47,72381,309],{"class":151},[47,72383,1425],{"class":155},[47,72385,309],{"class":151},[47,72387,85],{"class":77},[47,72389,72390,72392,72394,72396,72398,72400,72402,72404],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,72391,692],{"class":53},[47,72393,914],{"class":77},[47,72395,34727],{"class":81},[47,72397,78],{"class":77},[47,72399,309],{"class":151},[47,72401,1425],{"class":155},[47,72403,309],{"class":151},[47,72405,85],{"class":77},[47,72407,72408,72410,72412,72414],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,72409,99],{"class":98},[47,72411,78],{"class":77},[47,72413,692],{"class":81},[47,72415,85],{"class":77},[20,72417,129],{},[38,72419,72421],{"className":40,"code":72420,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['banana', 'orange']\n",[15,72422,72423],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,72424,72425,72427,72429,72431,72433,72435,72437,72439,72441],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72426,736],{"class":77},[47,72428,159],{"class":151},[47,72430,1434],{"class":155},[47,72432,159],{"class":151},[47,72434,668],{"class":77},[47,72436,152],{"class":151},[47,72438,1443],{"class":155},[47,72440,159],{"class":151},[47,72442,679],{"class":77},[20,72444,72445,72446,72448],{},"If you need to remove ",[127,72447,3650],{}," matching values, a list comprehension is usually better:",[38,72450,72452],{"className":40,"code":72451,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems = [item for item in items if item != \"apple\"]\nprint(items)\n",[15,72453,72454,72494,72528],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,72455,72456,72458,72460,72462,72464,72466,72468,72470,72472,72474,72476,72478,72480,72482,72484,72486,72488,72490,72492],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72457,657],{"class":53},[47,72459,58],{"class":57},[47,72461,662],{"class":77},[47,72463,309],{"class":151},[47,72465,1425],{"class":155},[47,72467,309],{"class":151},[47,72469,668],{"class":77},[47,72471,303],{"class":151},[47,72473,1434],{"class":155},[47,72475,309],{"class":151},[47,72477,668],{"class":77},[47,72479,303],{"class":151},[47,72481,1425],{"class":155},[47,72483,309],{"class":151},[47,72485,668],{"class":77},[47,72487,303],{"class":151},[47,72489,1443],{"class":155},[47,72491,309],{"class":151},[47,72493,679],{"class":77},[47,72495,72496,72498,72500,72502,72504,72506,72508,72510,72513,72515,72517,72520,72522,72524,72526],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,72497,657],{"class":53},[47,72499,58],{"class":57},[47,72501,662],{"class":77},[47,72503,28472],{"class":53},[47,72505,5892],{"class":3812},[47,72507,5895],{"class":53},[47,72509,3819],{"class":3812},[47,72511,72512],{"class":53}," items ",[47,72514,6930],{"class":3812},[47,72516,5895],{"class":53},[47,72518,72519],{"class":57},"!=",[47,72521,303],{"class":151},[47,72523,1425],{"class":155},[47,72525,309],{"class":151},[47,72527,679],{"class":77},[47,72529,72530,72532,72534,72536],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,72531,99],{"class":98},[47,72533,78],{"class":77},[47,72535,692],{"class":81},[47,72537,85],{"class":77},[20,72539,129],{},[38,72541,72542],{"className":40,"code":72420,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,72543,72544],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,72545,72546,72548,72550,72552,72554,72556,72558,72560,72562],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72547,736],{"class":77},[47,72549,159],{"class":151},[47,72551,1434],{"class":155},[47,72553,159],{"class":151},[47,72555,668],{"class":77},[47,72557,152],{"class":151},[47,72559,1443],{"class":155},[47,72561,159],{"class":151},[47,72563,679],{"class":77},[33,72565,65557],{"id":65556},[20,72567,65560,72568,914],{},[15,72569,40637],{},[38,72571,72573],{"className":40,"code":72572,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,72574,72575,72607],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,72576,72577,72579,72581,72583,72585,72587,72589,72591,72593,72595,72597,72599,72601,72603,72605],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72578,657],{"class":53},[47,72580,58],{"class":57},[47,72582,662],{"class":77},[47,72584,309],{"class":151},[47,72586,1425],{"class":155},[47,72588,309],{"class":151},[47,72590,668],{"class":77},[47,72592,303],{"class":151},[47,72594,1434],{"class":155},[47,72596,309],{"class":151},[47,72598,668],{"class":77},[47,72600,303],{"class":151},[47,72602,1443],{"class":155},[47,72604,309],{"class":151},[47,72606,679],{"class":77},[47,72608,72609,72611,72613,72615,72617,72619,72621,72623],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,72610,692],{"class":53},[47,72612,914],{"class":77},[47,72614,34727],{"class":81},[47,72616,78],{"class":77},[47,72618,309],{"class":151},[47,72620,22467],{"class":155},[47,72622,309],{"class":151},[47,72624,85],{"class":77},[20,72626,129],{},[38,72628,72630],{"className":40,"code":72629,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list\n",[15,72631,72632],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,72633,72634,72636,72638,72640,72642,72644,72646,72648,72650,72652,72654,72656],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72635,40637],{"class":73},[47,72637,2826],{"class":77},[47,72639,22494],{"class":73},[47,72641,914],{"class":77},[47,72643,34727],{"class":81},[47,72645,78],{"class":77},[47,72647,2131],{"class":81},[47,72649,16387],{"class":77},[47,72651,3816],{"class":53},[47,72653,768],{"class":57},[47,72655,21109],{"class":57},[47,72657,72658],{"class":73}," list\n",[20,72660,72661],{},"This is a common beginner mistake.",[20,72663,72664],{},"A safe pattern is to check first:",[38,72666,72668],{"className":40,"code":72667,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nvalue = \"grape\"\n\nif value in items:\n    items.remove(value)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,72669,72670,72702,72714,72718,72730,72745,72749],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,72671,72672,72674,72676,72678,72680,72682,72684,72686,72688,72690,72692,72694,72696,72698,72700],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72673,657],{"class":53},[47,72675,58],{"class":57},[47,72677,662],{"class":77},[47,72679,309],{"class":151},[47,72681,1425],{"class":155},[47,72683,309],{"class":151},[47,72685,668],{"class":77},[47,72687,303],{"class":151},[47,72689,1434],{"class":155},[47,72691,309],{"class":151},[47,72693,668],{"class":77},[47,72695,303],{"class":151},[47,72697,1443],{"class":155},[47,72699,309],{"class":151},[47,72701,679],{"class":77},[47,72703,72704,72706,72708,72710,72712],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,72705,566],{"class":53},[47,72707,58],{"class":57},[47,72709,303],{"class":151},[47,72711,22467],{"class":155},[47,72713,820],{"class":151},[47,72715,72716],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,72717,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,72719,72720,72722,72724,72726,72728],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,72721,6930],{"class":3812},[47,72723,21520],{"class":53},[47,72725,3819],{"class":57},[47,72727,5900],{"class":53},[47,72729,6329],{"class":77},[47,72731,72732,72735,72737,72739,72741,72743],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,72733,72734],{"class":53},"    items",[47,72736,914],{"class":77},[47,72738,34727],{"class":81},[47,72740,78],{"class":77},[47,72742,585],{"class":81},[47,72744,85],{"class":77},[47,72746,72747],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,72748,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,72750,72751,72753,72755,72757],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,72752,99],{"class":98},[47,72754,78],{"class":77},[47,72756,692],{"class":81},[47,72758,85],{"class":77},[20,72760,129],{},[38,72762,72763],{"className":40,"code":1467,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,72764,72765],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,72766,72767,72769,72771,72773,72775,72777,72779,72781,72783,72785,72787,72789,72791],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72768,736],{"class":77},[47,72770,159],{"class":151},[47,72772,1425],{"class":155},[47,72774,159],{"class":151},[47,72776,668],{"class":77},[47,72778,152],{"class":151},[47,72780,1434],{"class":155},[47,72782,159],{"class":151},[47,72784,668],{"class":77},[47,72786,152],{"class":151},[47,72788,1443],{"class":155},[47,72790,159],{"class":151},[47,72792,679],{"class":77},[20,72794,72795,72796,72798],{},"This avoids the error because ",[15,72797,55456],{}," runs only if the value exists.",[20,72800,72801,72802,914],{},"If you are troubleshooting this kind of problem, see ",[360,72803,65766],{"href":72804},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F",[33,72806,72808],{"id":72807},"remove-vs-pop","remove() vs pop()",[20,72810,72811,4329,72813,72815],{},[15,72812,55456],{},[15,72814,12696],{}," both delete items from a list, but they work differently.",[185,72817,72818,72825,72831,72837],{},[188,72819,72820,72822,72823],{},[15,72821,55456],{}," deletes by ",[127,72824,585],{},[188,72826,72827,72822,72829],{},[15,72828,12696],{},[127,72830,35780],{},[188,72832,72833,2346,72835],{},[15,72834,55456],{},[15,72836,3713],{},[188,72838,72839,72841],{},[15,72840,12696],{}," returns the removed item",[20,72843,45971,72844,2826],{},[15,72845,55456],{},[38,72847,72849],{"className":40,"code":72848,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72850,72851,72883,72901],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,72852,72853,72855,72857,72859,72861,72863,72865,72867,72869,72871,72873,72875,72877,72879,72881],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72854,657],{"class":53},[47,72856,58],{"class":57},[47,72858,662],{"class":77},[47,72860,309],{"class":151},[47,72862,1425],{"class":155},[47,72864,309],{"class":151},[47,72866,668],{"class":77},[47,72868,303],{"class":151},[47,72870,1434],{"class":155},[47,72872,309],{"class":151},[47,72874,668],{"class":77},[47,72876,303],{"class":151},[47,72878,1443],{"class":155},[47,72880,309],{"class":151},[47,72882,679],{"class":77},[47,72884,72885,72887,72889,72891,72893,72895,72897,72899],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,72886,692],{"class":53},[47,72888,914],{"class":77},[47,72890,34727],{"class":81},[47,72892,78],{"class":77},[47,72894,309],{"class":151},[47,72896,1434],{"class":155},[47,72898,309],{"class":151},[47,72900,85],{"class":77},[47,72902,72903,72905,72907,72909],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,72904,99],{"class":98},[47,72906,78],{"class":77},[47,72908,692],{"class":81},[47,72910,85],{"class":77},[20,72912,129],{},[38,72914,72916],{"className":40,"code":72915,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,72917,72918],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,72919,72920,72922,72924,72926,72928,72930,72932,72934,72936],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72921,736],{"class":77},[47,72923,159],{"class":151},[47,72925,1425],{"class":155},[47,72927,159],{"class":151},[47,72929,668],{"class":77},[47,72931,152],{"class":151},[47,72933,1443],{"class":155},[47,72935,159],{"class":151},[47,72937,679],{"class":77},[20,72939,45971,72940,2826],{},[15,72941,12696],{},[38,72943,72945],{"className":40,"code":72944,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nremoved_item = items.pop(1)\n\nprint(items)\nprint(removed_item)\n",[15,72946,72947,72979,72998,73002,73012],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,72948,72949,72951,72953,72955,72957,72959,72961,72963,72965,72967,72969,72971,72973,72975,72977],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72950,657],{"class":53},[47,72952,58],{"class":57},[47,72954,662],{"class":77},[47,72956,309],{"class":151},[47,72958,1425],{"class":155},[47,72960,309],{"class":151},[47,72962,668],{"class":77},[47,72964,303],{"class":151},[47,72966,1434],{"class":155},[47,72968,309],{"class":151},[47,72970,668],{"class":77},[47,72972,303],{"class":151},[47,72974,1443],{"class":155},[47,72976,309],{"class":151},[47,72978,679],{"class":77},[47,72980,72981,72984,72986,72988,72990,72992,72994,72996],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,72982,72983],{"class":53},"removed_item ",[47,72985,58],{"class":57},[47,72987,5900],{"class":53},[47,72989,914],{"class":77},[47,72991,26174],{"class":81},[47,72993,78],{"class":77},[47,72995,665],{"class":61},[47,72997,85],{"class":77},[47,72999,73000],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,73001,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,73003,73004,73006,73008,73010],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,73005,99],{"class":98},[47,73007,78],{"class":77},[47,73009,692],{"class":81},[47,73011,85],{"class":77},[47,73013,73014,73016,73018,73021],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,73015,99],{"class":98},[47,73017,78],{"class":77},[47,73019,73020],{"class":81},"removed_item",[47,73022,85],{"class":77},[20,73024,129],{},[38,73026,73028],{"className":40,"code":73027,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['apple', 'orange']\nbanana\n",[15,73029,73030,73050],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,73031,73032,73034,73036,73038,73040,73042,73044,73046,73048],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,73033,736],{"class":77},[47,73035,159],{"class":151},[47,73037,1425],{"class":155},[47,73039,159],{"class":151},[47,73041,668],{"class":77},[47,73043,152],{"class":151},[47,73045,1443],{"class":155},[47,73047,159],{"class":151},[47,73049,679],{"class":77},[47,73051,73052],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,73053,70333],{"class":53},[20,73055,165,73056,73058],{},[15,73057,55456],{}," when you know the item value.",[20,73060,165,73061,73063],{},[15,73062,12696],{}," when you know the position and want the removed item back.",[20,73065,73066,73067,914],{},"For more detail, see the ",[360,73068,73069],{"href":55006},"Python list pop() method",[33,73071,73073],{"id":73072},"remove-vs-del","remove() vs del",[20,73075,73076,4329,73078,73080],{},[15,73077,55456],{},[15,73079,26958],{}," are also different.",[185,73082,73083,73088,73093,73098],{},[188,73084,73085,73087],{},[15,73086,55456],{}," deletes by matching value",[188,73089,73090,73092],{},[15,73091,26958],{}," deletes by index or slice",[188,73094,165,73095,73097],{},[15,73096,26958],{}," when you know the position",[188,73099,165,73100,73102],{},[15,73101,55456],{}," when you know the item value",[20,73104,45971,73105,2826],{},[15,73106,26958],{},[38,73108,73110],{"className":40,"code":73109,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ndel items[1]\nprint(items)\n",[15,73111,73112,73144,73156],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,73113,73114,73116,73118,73120,73122,73124,73126,73128,73130,73132,73134,73136,73138,73140,73142],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,73115,657],{"class":53},[47,73117,58],{"class":57},[47,73119,662],{"class":77},[47,73121,309],{"class":151},[47,73123,1425],{"class":155},[47,73125,309],{"class":151},[47,73127,668],{"class":77},[47,73129,303],{"class":151},[47,73131,1434],{"class":155},[47,73133,309],{"class":151},[47,73135,668],{"class":77},[47,73137,303],{"class":151},[47,73139,1443],{"class":155},[47,73141,309],{"class":151},[47,73143,679],{"class":77},[47,73145,73146,73148,73150,73152,73154],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,73147,26958],{"class":3812},[47,73149,5900],{"class":53},[47,73151,736],{"class":77},[47,73153,665],{"class":61},[47,73155,679],{"class":77},[47,73157,73158,73160,73162,73164],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,73159,99],{"class":98},[47,73161,78],{"class":77},[47,73163,692],{"class":81},[47,73165,85],{"class":77},[20,73167,129],{},[38,73169,73170],{"className":40,"code":72915,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,73171,73172],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,73173,73174,73176,73178,73180,73182,73184,73186,73188,73190],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,73175,736],{"class":77},[47,73177,159],{"class":151},[47,73179,1425],{"class":155},[47,73181,159],{"class":151},[47,73183,668],{"class":77},[47,73185,152],{"class":151},[47,73187,1443],{"class":155},[47,73189,159],{"class":151},[47,73191,679],{"class":77},[20,73193,73194,73195,73197,73198,73200],{},"This removed the item at index ",[15,73196,665],{},", not the value ",[15,73199,65201],{}," directly.",[20,73202,73203,73204,914],{},"If you are not sure whether you should remove by value or by position, see ",[360,73205,54995],{"href":54994},[33,73207,2775],{"id":2774},[20,73209,21147,73210,2826],{},[15,73211,55456],{},[185,73213,73214,73217,73222,73229,73238],{},[188,73215,73216],{},"Trying to remove a value that is not in the list",[188,73218,1400,73219,73221],{},[15,73220,55456],{}," to delete all matching values",[188,73223,12528,73224,73226,73227],{},[15,73225,55456],{}," to a variable even though it returns ",[15,73228,3713],{},[188,73230,1335,73231,44561,73233,1389,73235,73237],{},[15,73232,55456],{},[15,73234,12696],{},[15,73236,26958],{}," would be a better fit",[188,73239,73240],{},"Confusing removing by value with removing by index",[20,73242,71433],{},[38,73244,73246],{"className":40,"code":73245,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_list)\nprint(value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(type(my_list))\nhelp(list.remove)\n",[15,73247,73248,73258,73272,73290,73304],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,73249,73250,73252,73254,73256],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,73251,99],{"class":98},[47,73253,78],{"class":77},[47,73255,8270],{"class":81},[47,73257,85],{"class":77},[47,73259,73260,73262,73264,73266,73268,73270],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,73261,99],{"class":98},[47,73263,78],{"class":77},[47,73265,566],{"class":81},[47,73267,3819],{"class":3812},[47,73269,8327],{"class":81},[47,73271,85],{"class":77},[47,73273,73274,73276,73278,73280,73282,73284,73286,73288],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,73275,99],{"class":98},[47,73277,78],{"class":77},[47,73279,8270],{"class":81},[47,73281,914],{"class":77},[47,73283,41193],{"class":81},[47,73285,78],{"class":77},[47,73287,585],{"class":81},[47,73289,123],{"class":77},[47,73291,73292,73294,73296,73298,73300,73302],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,73293,99],{"class":98},[47,73295,78],{"class":77},[47,73297,116],{"class":73},[47,73299,78],{"class":77},[47,73301,8270],{"class":81},[47,73303,123],{"class":77},[47,73305,73306,73308,73310,73312,73314,73316],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,73307,32087],{"class":98},[47,73309,78],{"class":77},[47,73311,8025],{"class":73},[47,73313,914],{"class":77},[47,73315,34727],{"class":24685},[47,73317,85],{"class":77},[20,73319,73320],{},"These checks can help you answer questions like:",[185,73322,73323,73326,73329,73332],{},[188,73324,73325],{},"Is the value really in the list?",[188,73327,73328],{},"How many times does it appear?",[188,73330,73331],{},"Am I working with a list?",[188,73333,73334],{},"Am I using the method correctly?",[20,73336,73337,73338,73340],{},"If you need to find a value before removing it, the ",[360,73339,71597],{"href":58892}," may also help.",[33,73342,1762],{"id":1761},[373,73344,73346],{"id":73345},"does-remove-delete-all-matching-items","Does remove() delete all matching items?",[20,73348,73349],{},"No. It removes only the first matching value.",[373,73351,73353],{"id":73352},"what-does-listremove-return","What does list.remove() return?",[20,73355,5080,73356,73358],{},[15,73357,3713],{},". It changes the original list directly.",[373,73360,73362],{"id":73361},"how-do-i-avoid-an-error-if-the-value-is-missing","How do I avoid an error if the value is missing?",[20,73364,73365,73366,73369,73370,914],{},"Check with ",[15,73367,73368],{},"if value in my_list"," before calling ",[15,73371,55456],{},[373,73373,73375],{"id":73374},"should-i-use-remove-or-pop","Should I use remove() or pop()?",[20,73377,165,73378,73380,73381,73383],{},[15,73379,55456],{}," for a value and ",[15,73382,12696],{}," for an index.",[33,73385,1825],{"id":1824},[185,73387,73388,73392,73396,73400,73404],{},[188,73389,73390],{},[360,73391,55442],{"href":54994},[188,73393,73394],{},[360,73395,73069],{"href":55006},[188,73397,73398],{},[360,73399,71597],{"href":58892},[188,73401,73402],{},[360,73403,65766],{"href":72804},[188,73405,73406],{},[360,73407,73409],{"href":73408},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix\u002F","ValueError: substring not found fix",[1875,73411,73412],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":65,"depth":65,"links":73414},[73415,73416,73417,73418,73419,73420,73421,73422,73423,73424,73430],{"id":35,"depth":65,"text":36},{"id":71742,"depth":65,"text":71743},{"id":5363,"depth":65,"text":5364},{"id":5720,"depth":65,"text":5721},{"id":72195,"depth":65,"text":72196},{"id":65556,"depth":65,"text":65557},{"id":72807,"depth":65,"text":72808},{"id":73072,"depth":65,"text":73073},{"id":2774,"depth":65,"text":2775},{"id":1761,"depth":65,"text":1762,"children":73425},[73426,73427,73428,73429],{"id":73345,"depth":88,"text":73346},{"id":73352,"depth":88,"text":73353},{"id":73361,"depth":88,"text":73362},{"id":73374,"depth":88,"text":73375},{"id":1824,"depth":65,"text":1825},"Master python list remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method",{"title":71645,"description":73431},"reference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method","jE1uuXBERpMbOGTd_fSVoHqAttuM8Gy2xT1krJOL_nM",{"id":73438,"title":73439,"body":73440,"description":75329,"extension":1922,"meta":75330,"navigation":91,"path":75331,"seo":75332,"stem":75333,"__hash__":75334},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method.md","Python List reverse() Method",{"type":7,"value":73441,"toc":75299},[73442,73448,73454,73457,73468,73470,73519,73524,73529,73533,73548,73550,73615,73617,73658,73660,73662,73677,73679,73690,73692,73749,73751,73784,73786,73789,73838,73840,73865,73867,73883,73889,73896,73957,73959,73992,73997,74000,74080,74082,74143,74149,74153,74156,74220,74222,74247,74249,74269,74271,74320,74322,74343,74352,74355,74359,74364,74409,74411,74432,74438,74443,74451,74515,74517,74554,74560,74564,74571,74636,74638,74675,74679,74696,74706,74711,74716,74727,74734,74736,74741,74764,74767,74794,74799,74802,74903,74905,74960,74963,75070,75072,75143,75146,75171,75173,75178,75182,75190,75195,75200,75206,75211,75215,75218,75235,75238,75258,75266,75268,75296],[10,73443,54269,73445,11256],{"id":73444},"python-list-reverse-method",[15,73446,73447],{},"reverse()",[20,73449,73450,73453],{},[15,73451,73452],{},"list.reverse()"," reverses the order of items in a list.",[20,73455,73456],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it does not create a new list. This is important because beginners often expect it to return a reversed copy.",[20,73458,73459,73460,73462,73463,73467],{},"If you want to reverse a list, ",[15,73461,73447],{}," is useful when changing the original list is okay. If you need a new list instead, use ",[360,73464,73466],{"href":73465},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained\u002F","list slicing"," or another approach.",[33,73469,3544],{"id":3543},[38,73471,73473],{"className":40,"code":73472,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[15,73474,73475,73495,73506],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,73476,73477,73479,73481,73483,73485,73487,73489,73491,73493],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,73478,3554],{"class":53},[47,73480,58],{"class":57},[47,73482,662],{"class":77},[47,73484,665],{"class":61},[47,73486,668],{"class":77},[47,73488,671],{"class":61},[47,73490,668],{"class":77},[47,73492,676],{"class":61},[47,73494,679],{"class":77},[47,73496,73497,73499,73501,73504],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,73498,3584],{"class":53},[47,73500,914],{"class":77},[47,73502,73503],{"class":81},"reverse",[47,73505,8574],{"class":77},[47,73507,73508,73510,73512,73514,73516],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,73509,99],{"class":98},[47,73511,78],{"class":77},[47,73513,3584],{"class":81},[47,73515,862],{"class":77},[47,73517,73518],{"class":1378},"  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[20,73520,73521,73523],{},[15,73522,73447],{}," changes the original list. It does not create a new list.",[33,73525,172,73527,175],{"id":73526},"what-listreverse-does",[15,73528,73452],{},[20,73530,73531,2826],{},[15,73532,73452],{},[185,73534,73535,73538,73541,73545],{},[188,73536,73537],{},"Reverses the order of items in a list",[188,73539,73540],{},"Changes the original list directly",[188,73542,11358,73543],{},[15,73544,3713],{},[188,73546,73547],{},"Works only on list objects",[20,73549,800],{},[38,73551,73553],{"className":40,"code":73552,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\"]\nletters.reverse()\nprint(letters)\n",[15,73554,73555,73595,73605],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,73556,73557,73559,73561,73563,73565,73567,73569,73571,73573,73575,73577,73579,73581,73583,73585,73587,73589,73591,73593],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,73558,36024],{"class":53},[47,73560,58],{"class":57},[47,73562,662],{"class":77},[47,73564,309],{"class":151},[47,73566,360],{"class":155},[47,73568,309],{"class":151},[47,73570,668],{"class":77},[47,73572,303],{"class":151},[47,73574,4696],{"class":155},[47,73576,309],{"class":151},[47,73578,668],{"class":77},[47,73580,303],{"class":151},[47,73582,9671],{"class":155},[47,73584,309],{"class":151},[47,73586,668],{"class":77},[47,73588,303],{"class":151},[47,73590,18703],{"class":155},[47,73592,309],{"class":151},[47,73594,679],{"class":77},[47,73596,73597,73599,73601,73603],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,73598,36077],{"class":53},[47,73600,914],{"class":77},[47,73602,73503],{"class":81},[47,73604,8574],{"class":77},[47,73606,73607,73609,73611,73613],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,73608,99],{"class":98},[47,73610,78],{"class":77},[47,73612,36077],{"class":81},[47,73614,85],{"class":77},[20,73616,129],{},[38,73618,73620],{"className":40,"code":73619,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['d', 'c', 'b', 'a']\n",[15,73621,73622],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,73623,73624,73626,73628,73630,73632,73634,73636,73638,73640,73642,73644,73646,73648,73650,73652,73654,73656],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,73625,736],{"class":77},[47,73627,159],{"class":151},[47,73629,18703],{"class":155},[47,73631,159],{"class":151},[47,73633,668],{"class":77},[47,73635,152],{"class":151},[47,73637,9671],{"class":155},[47,73639,159],{"class":151},[47,73641,668],{"class":77},[47,73643,152],{"class":151},[47,73645,4696],{"class":155},[47,73647,159],{"class":151},[47,73649,668],{"class":77},[47,73651,152],{"class":151},[47,73653,360],{"class":155},[47,73655,159],{"class":151},[47,73657,679],{"class":77},[33,73659,245],{"id":244},[20,73661,2117],{},[38,73663,73665],{"className":40,"code":73664,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list.reverse()\n",[15,73666,73667],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,73668,73669,73671,73673,73675],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,73670,8270],{"class":53},[47,73672,914],{"class":77},[47,73674,73503],{"class":81},[47,73676,8574],{"class":77},[20,73678,12986],{},[185,73680,73681,73684,73687],{},[188,73682,73683],{},"No arguments are needed",[188,73685,73686],{},"You call it on an existing list",[188,73688,73689],{},"It only works on lists",[20,73691,800],{},[38,73693,73695],{"className":40,"code":73694,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.reverse()\nprint(colors)\n",[15,73696,73697,73729,73739],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,73698,73699,73701,73703,73705,73707,73709,73711,73713,73715,73717,73719,73721,73723,73725,73727],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,73700,13010],{"class":53},[47,73702,58],{"class":57},[47,73704,662],{"class":77},[47,73706,309],{"class":151},[47,73708,13027],{"class":155},[47,73710,309],{"class":151},[47,73712,668],{"class":77},[47,73714,303],{"class":151},[47,73716,17390],{"class":155},[47,73718,309],{"class":151},[47,73720,668],{"class":77},[47,73722,303],{"class":151},[47,73724,13044],{"class":155},[47,73726,309],{"class":151},[47,73728,679],{"class":77},[47,73730,73731,73733,73735,73737],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,73732,17437],{"class":53},[47,73734,914],{"class":77},[47,73736,73503],{"class":81},[47,73738,8574],{"class":77},[47,73740,73741,73743,73745,73747],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,73742,99],{"class":98},[47,73744,78],{"class":77},[47,73746,17437],{"class":81},[47,73748,85],{"class":77},[20,73750,129],{},[38,73752,73754],{"className":40,"code":73753,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['blue', 'green', 'red']\n",[15,73755,73756],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,73757,73758,73760,73762,73764,73766,73768,73770,73772,73774,73776,73778,73780,73782],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,73759,736],{"class":77},[47,73761,159],{"class":151},[47,73763,13044],{"class":155},[47,73765,159],{"class":151},[47,73767,668],{"class":77},[47,73769,152],{"class":151},[47,73771,17390],{"class":155},[47,73773,159],{"class":151},[47,73775,668],{"class":77},[47,73777,152],{"class":151},[47,73779,13027],{"class":155},[47,73781,159],{"class":151},[47,73783,679],{"class":77},[33,73785,11409],{"id":11408},[20,73787,73788],{},"Start with a list in normal order:",[38,73790,73792],{"className":40,"code":73791,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,73793,73794,73818,73828],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,73795,73796,73798,73800,73802,73804,73806,73808,73810,73812,73814,73816],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,73797,3554],{"class":53},[47,73799,58],{"class":57},[47,73801,662],{"class":77},[47,73803,193],{"class":61},[47,73805,668],{"class":77},[47,73807,7722],{"class":61},[47,73809,668],{"class":77},[47,73811,7727],{"class":61},[47,73813,668],{"class":77},[47,73815,50769],{"class":61},[47,73817,679],{"class":77},[47,73819,73820,73822,73824,73826],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,73821,3584],{"class":53},[47,73823,914],{"class":77},[47,73825,73503],{"class":81},[47,73827,8574],{"class":77},[47,73829,73830,73832,73834,73836],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,73831,99],{"class":98},[47,73833,78],{"class":77},[47,73835,3584],{"class":81},[47,73837,85],{"class":77},[20,73839,129],{},[38,73841,73843],{"className":40,"code":73842,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,73844,73845],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,73846,73847,73849,73851,73853,73855,73857,73859,73861,73863],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,73848,736],{"class":77},[47,73850,56620],{"class":61},[47,73852,668],{"class":77},[47,73854,7727],{"class":61},[47,73856,668],{"class":77},[47,73858,7722],{"class":61},[47,73860,668],{"class":77},[47,73862,5939],{"class":61},[47,73864,679],{"class":77},[20,73866,11617],{},[185,73868,73869,73875,73880],{},[188,73870,73871,73872],{},"The list starts as ",[15,73873,73874],{},"[10, 20, 30, 40]",[188,73876,73877,73879],{},[15,73878,73447],{}," flips the order",[188,73881,73882],{},"Printing the same list shows the updated result",[33,73884,73886,73888],{"id":73885},"reverse-changes-the-original-list",[15,73887,73447],{}," changes the original list",[20,73890,73891,73892,73895],{},"This method is ",[127,73893,73894],{},"in-place",". That means the list itself is changed.",[38,73897,73899],{"className":40,"code":73898,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nfruits.reverse()\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,73900,73901,73933,73943,73947],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,73902,73903,73905,73907,73909,73911,73913,73915,73917,73919,73921,73923,73925,73927,73929,73931],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,73904,36173],{"class":53},[47,73906,58],{"class":57},[47,73908,662],{"class":77},[47,73910,309],{"class":151},[47,73912,1425],{"class":155},[47,73914,309],{"class":151},[47,73916,668],{"class":77},[47,73918,303],{"class":151},[47,73920,1434],{"class":155},[47,73922,309],{"class":151},[47,73924,668],{"class":77},[47,73926,303],{"class":151},[47,73928,4031],{"class":155},[47,73930,309],{"class":151},[47,73932,679],{"class":77},[47,73934,73935,73937,73939,73941],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,73936,36225],{"class":53},[47,73938,914],{"class":77},[47,73940,73503],{"class":81},[47,73942,8574],{"class":77},[47,73944,73945],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,73946,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,73948,73949,73951,73953,73955],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,73950,99],{"class":98},[47,73952,78],{"class":77},[47,73954,36225],{"class":81},[47,73956,85],{"class":77},[20,73958,129],{},[38,73960,73962],{"className":40,"code":73961,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,73963,73964],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,73965,73966,73968,73970,73972,73974,73976,73978,73980,73982,73984,73986,73988,73990],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,73967,736],{"class":77},[47,73969,159],{"class":151},[47,73971,4031],{"class":155},[47,73973,159],{"class":151},[47,73975,668],{"class":77},[47,73977,152],{"class":151},[47,73979,1434],{"class":155},[47,73981,159],{"class":151},[47,73983,668],{"class":77},[47,73985,152],{"class":151},[47,73987,1425],{"class":155},[47,73989,159],{"class":151},[47,73991,679],{"class":77},[20,73993,165,73994,73996],{},[15,73995,73447],{}," when you want to modify the current list.",[20,73998,73999],{},"If you need a new reversed list and want to keep the original unchanged, use slicing:",[38,74001,74003],{"className":40,"code":74002,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nreversed_fruits = fruits[::-1]\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(reversed_fruits)\n",[15,74004,74005,74037,74055,74059,74069],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,74006,74007,74009,74011,74013,74015,74017,74019,74021,74023,74025,74027,74029,74031,74033,74035],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74008,36173],{"class":53},[47,74010,58],{"class":57},[47,74012,662],{"class":77},[47,74014,309],{"class":151},[47,74016,1425],{"class":155},[47,74018,309],{"class":151},[47,74020,668],{"class":77},[47,74022,303],{"class":151},[47,74024,1434],{"class":155},[47,74026,309],{"class":151},[47,74028,668],{"class":77},[47,74030,303],{"class":151},[47,74032,4031],{"class":155},[47,74034,309],{"class":151},[47,74036,679],{"class":77},[47,74038,74039,74042,74044,74046,74049,74051,74053],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,74040,74041],{"class":53},"reversed_fruits ",[47,74043,58],{"class":57},[47,74045,52778],{"class":53},[47,74047,74048],{"class":77},"[::",[47,74050,1981],{"class":57},[47,74052,665],{"class":61},[47,74054,679],{"class":77},[47,74056,74057],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,74058,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,74060,74061,74063,74065,74067],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,74062,99],{"class":98},[47,74064,78],{"class":77},[47,74066,36225],{"class":81},[47,74068,85],{"class":77},[47,74070,74071,74073,74075,74078],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,74072,99],{"class":98},[47,74074,78],{"class":77},[47,74076,74077],{"class":81},"reversed_fruits",[47,74079,85],{"class":77},[20,74081,129],{},[38,74083,74085],{"className":40,"code":74084,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,74086,74087,74115],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,74088,74089,74091,74093,74095,74097,74099,74101,74103,74105,74107,74109,74111,74113],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74090,736],{"class":77},[47,74092,159],{"class":151},[47,74094,1425],{"class":155},[47,74096,159],{"class":151},[47,74098,668],{"class":77},[47,74100,152],{"class":151},[47,74102,1434],{"class":155},[47,74104,159],{"class":151},[47,74106,668],{"class":77},[47,74108,152],{"class":151},[47,74110,4031],{"class":155},[47,74112,159],{"class":151},[47,74114,679],{"class":77},[47,74116,74117,74119,74121,74123,74125,74127,74129,74131,74133,74135,74137,74139,74141],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,74118,736],{"class":77},[47,74120,159],{"class":151},[47,74122,4031],{"class":155},[47,74124,159],{"class":151},[47,74126,668],{"class":77},[47,74128,152],{"class":151},[47,74130,1434],{"class":155},[47,74132,159],{"class":151},[47,74134,668],{"class":77},[47,74136,152],{"class":151},[47,74138,1425],{"class":155},[47,74140,159],{"class":151},[47,74142,679],{"class":77},[20,74144,74145,74146,914],{},"If you want to learn more about this pattern, see ",[360,74147,74148],{"href":73465},"Python list slicing explained",[33,74150,74152],{"id":74151},"common-beginner-mistake-assigning-the-result","Common beginner mistake: assigning the result",[20,74154,74155],{},"A very common mistake is writing code like this:",[38,74157,74159],{"className":40,"code":74158,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_list = numbers.reverse()\n\nprint(new_list)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74160,74161,74181,74195,74199,74210],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,74162,74163,74165,74167,74169,74171,74173,74175,74177,74179],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74164,3554],{"class":53},[47,74166,58],{"class":57},[47,74168,662],{"class":77},[47,74170,665],{"class":61},[47,74172,668],{"class":77},[47,74174,671],{"class":61},[47,74176,668],{"class":77},[47,74178,676],{"class":61},[47,74180,679],{"class":77},[47,74182,74183,74185,74187,74189,74191,74193],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,74184,55817],{"class":53},[47,74186,58],{"class":57},[47,74188,4198],{"class":53},[47,74190,914],{"class":77},[47,74192,73503],{"class":81},[47,74194,8574],{"class":77},[47,74196,74197],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,74198,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,74200,74201,74203,74205,74208],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,74202,99],{"class":98},[47,74204,78],{"class":77},[47,74206,74207],{"class":81},"new_list",[47,74209,85],{"class":77},[47,74211,74212,74214,74216,74218],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,74213,99],{"class":98},[47,74215,78],{"class":77},[47,74217,3584],{"class":81},[47,74219,85],{"class":77},[20,74221,129],{},[38,74223,74225],{"className":40,"code":74224,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"None\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,74226,74227,74231],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,74228,74229],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74230,11742],{"class":571},[47,74232,74233,74235,74237,74239,74241,74243,74245],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,74234,736],{"class":77},[47,74236,2021],{"class":61},[47,74238,668],{"class":77},[47,74240,671],{"class":61},[47,74242,668],{"class":77},[47,74244,5431],{"class":61},[47,74246,679],{"class":77},[20,74248,11834],{},[185,74250,74251,74259,74263],{},[188,74252,74253,74255,74256,74258],{},[15,74254,73447],{}," changes ",[15,74257,3584],{}," directly",[188,74260,40839,74261,71766],{},[127,74262,768],{},[188,74264,53580,74265,194,74267],{},[15,74266,74207],{},[15,74268,3713],{},[20,74270,61825],{},[38,74272,74274],{"className":40,"code":74273,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74275,74276,74296,74306,74310],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,74277,74278,74280,74282,74284,74286,74288,74290,74292,74294],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74279,3554],{"class":53},[47,74281,58],{"class":57},[47,74283,662],{"class":77},[47,74285,665],{"class":61},[47,74287,668],{"class":77},[47,74289,671],{"class":61},[47,74291,668],{"class":77},[47,74293,676],{"class":61},[47,74295,679],{"class":77},[47,74297,74298,74300,74302,74304],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,74299,3584],{"class":53},[47,74301,914],{"class":77},[47,74303,73503],{"class":81},[47,74305,8574],{"class":77},[47,74307,74308],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,74309,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,74311,74312,74314,74316,74318],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,74313,99],{"class":98},[47,74315,78],{"class":77},[47,74317,3584],{"class":81},[47,74319,85],{"class":77},[20,74321,129],{},[38,74323,74325],{"className":40,"code":74324,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,74326,74327],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,74328,74329,74331,74333,74335,74337,74339,74341],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74330,736],{"class":77},[47,74332,2021],{"class":61},[47,74334,668],{"class":77},[47,74336,671],{"class":61},[47,74338,668],{"class":77},[47,74340,5431],{"class":61},[47,74342,679],{"class":77},[33,74344,74346,920,74348,74351],{"id":74345},"reverse-vs-sorted-vs-slicing",[15,74347,73447],{},[15,74349,74350],{},"sorted()"," vs slicing",[20,74353,74354],{},"These are similar, but they do different jobs.",[373,74356,74357],{"id":73503},[15,74358,73447],{},[20,74360,74361,74363],{},[15,74362,73447],{}," flips the current order of the list.",[38,74365,74367],{"className":40,"code":74366,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74368,74369,74389,74399],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,74370,74371,74373,74375,74377,74379,74381,74383,74385,74387],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74372,3554],{"class":53},[47,74374,58],{"class":57},[47,74376,662],{"class":77},[47,74378,2021],{"class":61},[47,74380,668],{"class":77},[47,74382,5431],{"class":61},[47,74384,668],{"class":77},[47,74386,671],{"class":61},[47,74388,679],{"class":77},[47,74390,74391,74393,74395,74397],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,74392,3584],{"class":53},[47,74394,914],{"class":77},[47,74396,73503],{"class":81},[47,74398,8574],{"class":77},[47,74400,74401,74403,74405,74407],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,74402,99],{"class":98},[47,74404,78],{"class":77},[47,74406,3584],{"class":81},[47,74408,85],{"class":77},[20,74410,129],{},[38,74412,74414],{"className":40,"code":74413,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,74415,74416],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,74417,74418,74420,74422,74424,74426,74428,74430],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74419,736],{"class":77},[47,74421,2016],{"class":61},[47,74423,668],{"class":77},[47,74425,5431],{"class":61},[47,74427,668],{"class":77},[47,74429,676],{"class":61},[47,74431,679],{"class":77},[20,74433,74434,74435,74437],{},"Notice that this is ",[127,74436,768],{}," sorted order. It is just the original list backward.",[373,74439,74441],{"id":74440},"sorted",[15,74442,74350],{},[20,74444,74445,74450],{},[360,74446,74448],{"href":74447},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained\u002F",[15,74449,74350],{}," returns a new list in sorted order.",[38,74452,74454],{"className":40,"code":74453,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,74455,74456,74476,74491,74495,74505],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,74457,74458,74460,74462,74464,74466,74468,74470,74472,74474],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74459,3554],{"class":53},[47,74461,58],{"class":57},[47,74463,662],{"class":77},[47,74465,2021],{"class":61},[47,74467,668],{"class":77},[47,74469,5431],{"class":61},[47,74471,668],{"class":77},[47,74473,671],{"class":61},[47,74475,679],{"class":77},[47,74477,74478,74480,74482,74485,74487,74489],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,74479,2184],{"class":53},[47,74481,58],{"class":57},[47,74483,74484],{"class":98}," sorted",[47,74486,78],{"class":77},[47,74488,3584],{"class":81},[47,74490,85],{"class":77},[47,74492,74493],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,74494,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,74496,74497,74499,74501,74503],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,74498,99],{"class":98},[47,74500,78],{"class":77},[47,74502,3584],{"class":81},[47,74504,85],{"class":77},[47,74506,74507,74509,74511,74513],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,74508,99],{"class":98},[47,74510,78],{"class":77},[47,74512,2218],{"class":81},[47,74514,85],{"class":77},[20,74516,129],{},[38,74518,74520],{"className":40,"code":74519,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[3, 1, 2]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,74521,74522,74538],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,74523,74524,74526,74528,74530,74532,74534,74536],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74525,736],{"class":77},[47,74527,2021],{"class":61},[47,74529,668],{"class":77},[47,74531,5431],{"class":61},[47,74533,668],{"class":77},[47,74535,671],{"class":61},[47,74537,679],{"class":77},[47,74539,74540,74542,74544,74546,74548,74550,74552],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,74541,736],{"class":77},[47,74543,665],{"class":61},[47,74545,668],{"class":77},[47,74547,671],{"class":61},[47,74549,668],{"class":77},[47,74551,676],{"class":61},[47,74553,679],{"class":77},[20,74555,74556,74557,914],{},"If you want descending sorted order, you can use ",[15,74558,74559],{},"sorted(numbers, reverse=True)",[373,74561,74563],{"id":74562},"slicing","Slicing",[20,74565,74566,74567,74570],{},"Slicing with ",[15,74568,74569],{},"[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy.",[38,74572,74574],{"className":40,"code":74573,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers[::-1]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,74575,74576,74596,74612,74616,74626],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,74577,74578,74580,74582,74584,74586,74588,74590,74592,74594],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74579,3554],{"class":53},[47,74581,58],{"class":57},[47,74583,662],{"class":77},[47,74585,2021],{"class":61},[47,74587,668],{"class":77},[47,74589,5431],{"class":61},[47,74591,668],{"class":77},[47,74593,671],{"class":61},[47,74595,679],{"class":77},[47,74597,74598,74600,74602,74604,74606,74608,74610],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,74599,2184],{"class":53},[47,74601,58],{"class":57},[47,74603,4198],{"class":53},[47,74605,74048],{"class":77},[47,74607,1981],{"class":57},[47,74609,665],{"class":61},[47,74611,679],{"class":77},[47,74613,74614],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,74615,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,74617,74618,74620,74622,74624],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,74619,99],{"class":98},[47,74621,78],{"class":77},[47,74623,3584],{"class":81},[47,74625,85],{"class":77},[47,74627,74628,74630,74632,74634],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,74629,99],{"class":98},[47,74631,78],{"class":77},[47,74633,2218],{"class":81},[47,74635,85],{"class":77},[20,74637,129],{},[38,74639,74641],{"className":40,"code":74640,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[3, 1, 2]\n[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,74642,74643,74659],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,74644,74645,74647,74649,74651,74653,74655,74657],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74646,736],{"class":77},[47,74648,2021],{"class":61},[47,74650,668],{"class":77},[47,74652,5431],{"class":61},[47,74654,668],{"class":77},[47,74656,671],{"class":61},[47,74658,679],{"class":77},[47,74660,74661,74663,74665,74667,74669,74671,74673],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,74662,736],{"class":77},[47,74664,2016],{"class":61},[47,74666,668],{"class":77},[47,74668,5431],{"class":61},[47,74670,668],{"class":77},[47,74672,676],{"class":61},[47,74674,679],{"class":77},[373,74676,74678],{"id":74677},"quick-comparison","Quick comparison",[185,74680,74681,74686,74691],{},[188,74682,165,74683,74685],{},[15,74684,73447],{}," when you want to change the original list",[188,74687,165,74688,74690],{},[15,74689,74569],{}," when you want a reversed copy",[188,74692,165,74693,74695],{},[15,74694,74350],{}," when you want items in sorted order",[20,74697,74698,74699,74705],{},"You may also want to compare this with the ",[360,74700,74702,74703,10673],{"href":74701},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method\u002F","list ",[15,74704,64239],{},", which sorts a list in place instead of reversing it.",[33,74707,773,74709],{"id":74708},"when-to-use-reverse",[15,74710,73447],{},[20,74712,74713,74715],{},[15,74714,73447],{}," is a good choice:",[185,74717,74718,74721,74724],{},[188,74719,74720],{},"When the list is already in the order you want to flip",[188,74722,74723],{},"When changing the original list is acceptable",[188,74725,74726],{},"When you want a simple built-in way to reverse items",[20,74728,74729,74730,914],{},"For a task-focused guide with multiple ways to do this, see ",[360,74731,74733],{"href":74732},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-reverse-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to reverse a list in Python",[33,74735,2775],{"id":2774},[20,74737,74738,74739,1629],{},"Beginners often run into problems with ",[15,74740,73447],{},[185,74742,74743,74747,74752,74757],{},[188,74744,12528,74745,12531],{},[15,74746,73447],{},[188,74748,1400,74749,74751],{},[15,74750,73447],{}," to sort values from highest to lowest",[188,74753,1335,74754,74756],{},[15,74755,73447],{}," on a string or tuple instead of a list",[188,74758,37138,74759,8636,74761],{},[15,74760,73447],{},[15,74762,74763],{},"reversed()",[20,74765,74766],{},"Here is an example of using it on the wrong type:",[38,74768,74770],{"className":40,"code":74769,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.reverse()\n",[15,74771,74772,74784],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,74773,74774,74776,74778,74780,74782],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74775,68],{"class":53},[47,74777,58],{"class":57},[47,74779,303],{"class":151},[47,74781,3781],{"class":155},[47,74783,820],{"class":151},[47,74785,74786,74788,74790,74792],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,74787,104],{"class":53},[47,74789,914],{"class":77},[47,74791,73503],{"class":81},[47,74793,8574],{"class":77},[20,74795,74796,74797,33534],{},"This causes an error because strings do not have a ",[15,74798,73447],{},[20,74800,74801],{},"If you are not sure what type a variable is, check it first:",[38,74803,74805],{"className":40,"code":74804,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\n\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,74806,74807,74827,74831,74841,74855,74859,74873,74883,74887],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,74808,74809,74811,74813,74815,74817,74819,74821,74823,74825],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74810,8239],{"class":53},[47,74812,58],{"class":57},[47,74814,662],{"class":77},[47,74816,665],{"class":61},[47,74818,668],{"class":77},[47,74820,671],{"class":61},[47,74822,668],{"class":77},[47,74824,676],{"class":61},[47,74826,679],{"class":77},[47,74828,74829],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,74830,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,74832,74833,74835,74837,74839],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,74834,99],{"class":98},[47,74836,78],{"class":77},[47,74838,8270],{"class":81},[47,74840,85],{"class":77},[47,74842,74843,74845,74847,74849,74851,74853],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,74844,99],{"class":98},[47,74846,78],{"class":77},[47,74848,116],{"class":73},[47,74850,78],{"class":77},[47,74852,8270],{"class":81},[47,74854,123],{"class":77},[47,74856,74857],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,74858,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,74860,74861,74863,74865,74867,74869,74871],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,74862,2184],{"class":53},[47,74864,58],{"class":57},[47,74866,8327],{"class":53},[47,74868,914],{"class":77},[47,74870,73503],{"class":81},[47,74872,8574],{"class":77},[47,74874,74875,74877,74879,74881],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,74876,99],{"class":98},[47,74878,78],{"class":77},[47,74880,2218],{"class":81},[47,74882,85],{"class":77},[47,74884,74885],{"class":49,"line":1734},[47,74886,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,74888,74889,74891,74893,74895,74897,74899,74901],{"class":49,"line":6365},[47,74890,99],{"class":98},[47,74892,78],{"class":77},[47,74894,8270],{"class":81},[47,74896,74048],{"class":77},[47,74898,1981],{"class":57},[47,74900,665],{"class":61},[47,74902,3825],{"class":77},[20,74904,129],{},[38,74906,74908],{"className":40,"code":74907,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[1, 2, 1]\n",[15,74909,74910,74926,74940,74944],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,74911,74912,74914,74916,74918,74920,74922,74924],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74913,736],{"class":77},[47,74915,665],{"class":61},[47,74917,668],{"class":77},[47,74919,671],{"class":61},[47,74921,668],{"class":77},[47,74923,676],{"class":61},[47,74925,679],{"class":77},[47,74927,74928,74930,74932,74934,74936,74938],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,74929,144],{"class":57},[47,74931,148],{"class":147},[47,74933,152],{"class":151},[47,74935,8025],{"class":155},[47,74937,159],{"class":151},[47,74939,162],{"class":57},[47,74941,74942],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,74943,11742],{"class":571},[47,74945,74946,74948,74950,74952,74954,74956,74958],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,74947,736],{"class":77},[47,74949,665],{"class":61},[47,74951,668],{"class":77},[47,74953,671],{"class":61},[47,74955,668],{"class":77},[47,74957,5431],{"class":61},[47,74959,679],{"class":77},[20,74961,74962],{},"Wait — the last output above would be wrong for that list, so here is the correct runnable example:",[38,74964,74966],{"className":40,"code":74965,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\nprint(my_list)\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,74967,74968,74988,74992,75002,75016,75020,75034,75044,75054],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,74969,74970,74972,74974,74976,74978,74980,74982,74984,74986],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74971,8239],{"class":53},[47,74973,58],{"class":57},[47,74975,662],{"class":77},[47,74977,665],{"class":61},[47,74979,668],{"class":77},[47,74981,671],{"class":61},[47,74983,668],{"class":77},[47,74985,676],{"class":61},[47,74987,679],{"class":77},[47,74989,74990],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,74991,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,74993,74994,74996,74998,75000],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,74995,99],{"class":98},[47,74997,78],{"class":77},[47,74999,8270],{"class":81},[47,75001,85],{"class":77},[47,75003,75004,75006,75008,75010,75012,75014],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,75005,99],{"class":98},[47,75007,78],{"class":77},[47,75009,116],{"class":73},[47,75011,78],{"class":77},[47,75013,8270],{"class":81},[47,75015,123],{"class":77},[47,75017,75018],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,75019,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,75021,75022,75024,75026,75028,75030,75032],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,75023,2184],{"class":53},[47,75025,58],{"class":57},[47,75027,8327],{"class":53},[47,75029,914],{"class":77},[47,75031,73503],{"class":81},[47,75033,8574],{"class":77},[47,75035,75036,75038,75040,75042],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,75037,99],{"class":98},[47,75039,78],{"class":77},[47,75041,2218],{"class":81},[47,75043,85],{"class":77},[47,75045,75046,75048,75050,75052],{"class":49,"line":1734},[47,75047,99],{"class":98},[47,75049,78],{"class":77},[47,75051,8270],{"class":81},[47,75053,85],{"class":77},[47,75055,75056,75058,75060,75062,75064,75066,75068],{"class":49,"line":6365},[47,75057,99],{"class":98},[47,75059,78],{"class":77},[47,75061,8270],{"class":81},[47,75063,74048],{"class":77},[47,75065,1981],{"class":57},[47,75067,665],{"class":61},[47,75069,3825],{"class":77},[20,75071,129],{},[38,75073,75075],{"className":40,"code":75074,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[3, 2, 1]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,75076,75077,75093,75107,75111,75127],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,75078,75079,75081,75083,75085,75087,75089,75091],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,75080,736],{"class":77},[47,75082,665],{"class":61},[47,75084,668],{"class":77},[47,75086,671],{"class":61},[47,75088,668],{"class":77},[47,75090,676],{"class":61},[47,75092,679],{"class":77},[47,75094,75095,75097,75099,75101,75103,75105],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,75096,144],{"class":57},[47,75098,148],{"class":147},[47,75100,152],{"class":151},[47,75102,8025],{"class":155},[47,75104,159],{"class":151},[47,75106,162],{"class":57},[47,75108,75109],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,75110,11742],{"class":571},[47,75112,75113,75115,75117,75119,75121,75123,75125],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,75114,736],{"class":77},[47,75116,2021],{"class":61},[47,75118,668],{"class":77},[47,75120,671],{"class":61},[47,75122,668],{"class":77},[47,75124,5431],{"class":61},[47,75126,679],{"class":77},[47,75128,75129,75131,75133,75135,75137,75139,75141],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,75130,736],{"class":77},[47,75132,665],{"class":61},[47,75134,668],{"class":77},[47,75136,671],{"class":61},[47,75138,668],{"class":77},[47,75140,676],{"class":61},[47,75142,679],{"class":77},[20,75144,75145],{},"Notice the last line carefully:",[185,75147,75148,75157,75166],{},[188,75149,27729,75150,75153,75154],{},[15,75151,75152],{},"my_list.reverse()",", the list becomes ",[15,75155,75156],{},"[3, 2, 1]",[188,75158,11850,75159,75162,75163,22494],{},[15,75160,75161],{},"my_list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy of the ",[127,75164,75165],{},"current",[188,75167,75168,75169],{},"So it prints ",[15,75170,221],{},[33,75172,1762],{"id":1761},[373,75174,1776,75176,55396],{"id":75175},"does-listreverse-return-a-new-list",[15,75177,73452],{},[20,75179,62530,75180,914],{},[15,75181,3713],{},[373,75183,34139,75185,34142,75187,1812],{"id":75184},"how-is-reverse-different-from-sortedreversetrue",[15,75186,73447],{},[15,75188,75189],{},"sorted(reverse=True)",[20,75191,75192,75194],{},[15,75193,73447],{}," only flips the current order.",[20,75196,75197,75199],{},[15,75198,75189],{}," sorts the items first, then returns them in descending order.",[373,75201,28262,75203,75205],{"id":75202},"can-i-use-reverse-on-a-tuple-or-string",[15,75204,73447],{}," on a tuple or string?",[20,75207,1815,75208,75210],{},[15,75209,73447],{}," is a list method. Tuples and strings do not have this method.",[373,75212,75214],{"id":75213},"how-do-i-reverse-a-list-without-changing-the-original","How do I reverse a list without changing the original?",[20,75216,75217],{},"Use slicing:",[38,75219,75221],{"className":40,"code":75220,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list[::-1]\n",[15,75222,75223],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,75224,75225,75227,75229,75231,75233],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,75226,8270],{"class":53},[47,75228,74048],{"class":77},[47,75230,1981],{"class":57},[47,75232,665],{"class":61},[47,75234,679],{"class":77},[20,75236,75237],{},"Or use:",[38,75239,75241],{"className":40,"code":75240,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"list(reversed(my_list))\n",[15,75242,75243],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,75244,75245,75247,75249,75252,75254,75256],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,75246,8025],{"class":73},[47,75248,78],{"class":77},[47,75250,75251],{"class":98},"reversed",[47,75253,78],{"class":77},[47,75255,8270],{"class":81},[47,75257,123],{"class":77},[20,75259,75260,75261,75265],{},"If you need to keep a separate version of a list before changing it, ",[360,75262,55447,75263],{"href":54887},[15,75264,12710],{}," can also help.",[33,75267,1825],{"id":1824},[185,75269,75270,75276,75282,75286,75290],{},[188,75271,75272],{},[360,75273,55447,75274,10673],{"href":74701},[15,75275,64239],{},[188,75277,75278],{},[360,75279,13,75280,1834],{"href":74447},[15,75281,74350],{},[188,75283,75284],{},[360,75285,74733],{"href":74732},[188,75287,75288],{},[360,75289,74148],{"href":73465},[188,75291,75292],{},[360,75293,55447,75294,10673],{"href":54887},[15,75295,12710],{},[1875,75297,75298],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":65,"depth":65,"links":75300},[75301,75302,75304,75305,75306,75308,75309,75316,75318,75319,75328],{"id":3543,"depth":65,"text":3544},{"id":73526,"depth":65,"text":75303},"What list.reverse() does",{"id":244,"depth":65,"text":245},{"id":11408,"depth":65,"text":11409},{"id":73885,"depth":65,"text":75307},"reverse() changes the original list",{"id":74151,"depth":65,"text":74152},{"id":74345,"depth":65,"text":75310,"children":75311},"reverse() vs sorted() vs slicing",[75312,75313,75314,75315],{"id":73503,"depth":88,"text":73447},{"id":74440,"depth":88,"text":74350},{"id":74562,"depth":88,"text":74563},{"id":74677,"depth":88,"text":74678},{"id":74708,"depth":65,"text":75317},"When to use reverse()",{"id":2774,"depth":65,"text":2775},{"id":1761,"depth":65,"text":1762,"children":75320},[75321,75323,75325,75327],{"id":75175,"depth":88,"text":75322},"Does list.reverse() return a new list?",{"id":75184,"depth":88,"text":75324},"How is reverse() different from sorted(reverse=True)?",{"id":75202,"depth":88,"text":75326},"Can I use reverse() on a tuple or string?",{"id":75213,"depth":88,"text":75214},{"id":1824,"depth":65,"text":1825},"Master python list reverse method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method",{"title":73439,"description":75329},"reference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method","GoeoBvCO4O891oJThYue_Af4uTq12-LuXTFyhK08BAs",{"id":75336,"title":75337,"body":75338,"description":77771,"extension":1922,"meta":77772,"navigation":91,"path":77773,"seo":77774,"stem":77775,"__hash__":77776},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained.md","Python List Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":75339,"toc":77739},[75340,75343,75355,75358,75381,75389,75391,75503,75512,75516,75519,75522,75609,75611,75644,75646,75669,75675,75679,75682,75704,75706,75723,75726,75746,75748,75858,75860,75937,75941,75944,75987,75989,76122,76124,76226,76231,76235,76238,76240,76254,76257,76371,76373,76447,76449,76477,76481,76486,76516,76519,76645,76647,76729,76735,76739,76741,76780,76789,76793,76796,76800,76847,76849,76857,76861,76912,76914,76927,76929,76943,76946,76954,76956,77003,77005,77013,77016,77059,77064,77067,77070,77093,77097,77148,77151,77172,77182,77186,77188,77218,77221,77244,77248,77251,77318,77320,77357,77360,77368,77435,77437,77474,77480,77487,77491,77494,77524,77529,77533,77536,77560,77563,77657,77667,77669,77673,77676,77680,77683,77688,77691,77697,77700,77702,77730,77736],[10,75341,75337],{"id":75342},"python-list-slicing-explained",[20,75344,75345,75346,1752,75348,17008,75351,75354],{},"List slicing lets you get part of a list in Python. It is a very common pattern, and once you understand ",[15,75347,36006],{},[15,75349,75350],{},"stop",[15,75352,75353],{},"step",", it becomes much easier to read and write Python code.",[20,75356,75357],{},"The basic slice form is:",[38,75359,75361],{"className":40,"code":75360,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list[start:stop:step]\n",[15,75362,75363],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,75364,75365,75367,75369,75371,75373,75375,75377,75379],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,75366,8270],{"class":53},[47,75368,736],{"class":77},[47,75370,36006],{"class":53},[47,75372,2826],{"class":77},[47,75374,75350],{"class":53},[47,75376,2826],{"class":77},[47,75378,75353],{"class":53},[47,75380,679],{"class":77},[20,75382,75383,75384,75386,75387,914],{},"You can leave out parts of the slice, and Python will use default values. One important rule to remember is that the ",[15,75385,75350],{}," position is ",[127,75388,64996],{},[33,75390,36],{"id":35},[38,75392,75394],{"className":40,"code":75393,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # [20, 30, 40]\nprint(numbers[:3])    # [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers[::2])   # [10, 30, 50]\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,75395,75396,75424,75428,75449,75467,75484],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,75397,75398,75400,75402,75404,75406,75408,75410,75412,75414,75416,75418,75420,75422],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,75399,3554],{"class":53},[47,75401,58],{"class":57},[47,75403,662],{"class":77},[47,75405,193],{"class":61},[47,75407,668],{"class":77},[47,75409,7722],{"class":61},[47,75411,668],{"class":77},[47,75413,7727],{"class":61},[47,75415,668],{"class":77},[47,75417,50769],{"class":61},[47,75419,668],{"class":77},[47,75421,5015],{"class":61},[47,75423,679],{"class":77},[47,75425,75426],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,75427,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,75429,75430,75432,75434,75436,75438,75440,75442,75444,75446],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,75431,99],{"class":98},[47,75433,78],{"class":77},[47,75435,3584],{"class":81},[47,75437,736],{"class":77},[47,75439,665],{"class":61},[47,75441,2826],{"class":77},[47,75443,2451],{"class":61},[47,75445,20382],{"class":77},[47,75447,75448],{"class":1378},"   # [20, 30, 40]\n",[47,75450,75451,75453,75455,75457,75460,75462,75464],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,75452,99],{"class":98},[47,75454,78],{"class":77},[47,75456,3584],{"class":81},[47,75458,75459],{"class":77},"[:",[47,75461,2021],{"class":61},[47,75463,20382],{"class":77},[47,75465,75466],{"class":1378},"    # [10, 20, 30]\n",[47,75468,75469,75471,75473,75475,75477,75479,75481],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,75470,99],{"class":98},[47,75472,78],{"class":77},[47,75474,3584],{"class":81},[47,75476,74048],{"class":77},[47,75478,2016],{"class":61},[47,75480,20382],{"class":77},[47,75482,75483],{"class":1378},"   # [10, 30, 50]\n",[47,75485,75486,75488,75490,75492,75494,75496,75498,75500],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,75487,99],{"class":98},[47,75489,78],{"class":77},[47,75491,3584],{"class":81},[47,75493,74048],{"class":77},[47,75495,1981],{"class":57},[47,75497,665],{"class":61},[47,75499,20382],{"class":77},[47,75501,75502],{"class":1378},"  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[20,75504,165,75505,75508,75509,75511],{},[15,75506,75507],{},"list[start:stop:step]",". The ",[15,75510,75350],{}," value is not included.",[33,75513,75515],{"id":75514},"what-list-slicing-means","What list slicing means",[20,75517,75518],{},"Slicing gets part of a list.",[20,75520,75521],{},"It uses square brackets with colons:",[38,75523,75525],{"className":40,"code":75524,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\npart = letters[1:4]\nprint(part)\n",[15,75526,75527,75575,75579,75598],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,75528,75529,75531,75533,75535,75537,75539,75541,75543,75545,75547,75549,75551,75553,75555,75557,75559,75561,75563,75565,75567,75569,75571,75573],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,75530,36024],{"class":53},[47,75532,58],{"class":57},[47,75534,662],{"class":77},[47,75536,309],{"class":151},[47,75538,360],{"class":155},[47,75540,309],{"class":151},[47,75542,668],{"class":77},[47,75544,303],{"class":151},[47,75546,4696],{"class":155},[47,75548,309],{"class":151},[47,75550,668],{"class":77},[47,75552,303],{"class":151},[47,75554,9671],{"class":155},[47,75556,309],{"class":151},[47,75558,668],{"class":77},[47,75560,303],{"class":151},[47,75562,18703],{"class":155},[47,75564,309],{"class":151},[47,75566,668],{"class":77},[47,75568,303],{"class":151},[47,75570,60375],{"class":155},[47,75572,309],{"class":151},[47,75574,679],{"class":77},[47,75576,75577],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,75578,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,75580,75581,75584,75586,75588,75590,75592,75594,75596],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,75582,75583],{"class":53},"part ",[47,75585,58],{"class":57},[47,75587,70023],{"class":53},[47,75589,736],{"class":77},[47,75591,665],{"class":61},[47,75593,2826],{"class":77},[47,75595,2451],{"class":61},[47,75597,679],{"class":77},[47,75599,75600,75602,75604,75607],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,75601,99],{"class":98},[47,75603,78],{"class":77},[47,75605,75606],{"class":81},"part",[47,75608,85],{"class":77},[20,75610,129],{},[38,75612,75614],{"className":40,"code":75613,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,75615,75616],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,75617,75618,75620,75622,75624,75626,75628,75630,75632,75634,75636,75638,75640,75642],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,75619,736],{"class":77},[47,75621,159],{"class":151},[47,75623,4696],{"class":155},[47,75625,159],{"class":151},[47,75627,668],{"class":77},[47,75629,152],{"class":151},[47,75631,9671],{"class":155},[47,75633,159],{"class":151},[47,75635,668],{"class":77},[47,75637,152],{"class":151},[47,75639,18703],{"class":155},[47,75641,159],{"class":151},[47,75643,679],{"class":77},[20,75645,12986],{},[185,75647,75648,75651,75654,75660,75666],{},[188,75649,75650],{},"Slicing gets part of a list",[188,75652,75653],{},"It uses square brackets with colons",[188,75655,75656,75657],{},"Basic form: ",[15,75658,75659],{},"list[start:stop]",[188,75661,75662,75663,75665],{},"The item at ",[15,75664,75350],{}," is not included",[188,75667,75668],{},"Slicing returns a new list",[20,75670,75671,75672,914],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with lists, see the ",[360,75673,75674],{"href":50905},"beginner guide to Python lists",[33,75676,75678],{"id":75677},"how-slice-positions-work","How slice positions work",[20,75680,75681],{},"A slice can have up to three parts:",[38,75683,75684],{"className":40,"code":75360,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,75685,75686],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,75687,75688,75690,75692,75694,75696,75698,75700,75702],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,75689,8270],{"class":53},[47,75691,736],{"class":77},[47,75693,36006],{"class":53},[47,75695,2826],{"class":77},[47,75697,75350],{"class":53},[47,75699,2826],{"class":77},[47,75701,75353],{"class":53},[47,75703,679],{"class":77},[20,75705,64972],{},[185,75707,75708,75713,75718],{},[188,75709,75710,75712],{},[15,75711,36006],{}," is where slicing begins",[188,75714,75715,75717],{},[15,75716,75350],{}," is where slicing ends before that position",[188,75719,75720,75722],{},[15,75721,75353],{}," controls how many positions to move each time",[20,75724,75725],{},"If you leave part of the slice out:",[185,75727,75728,75734,75739],{},[188,75729,75730,75731,75733],{},"Missing ",[15,75732,36006],{}," means begin at the start of the list",[188,75735,75730,75736,75738],{},[15,75737,75350],{}," means go to the end of the list",[188,75740,75730,75741,75743,75744],{},[15,75742,75353],{}," means use ",[15,75745,665],{},[20,75747,800],{},[38,75749,75751],{"className":40,"code":75750,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\nprint(numbers[:3])    # start from the beginning\nprint(numbers[2:])    # go to the end\nprint(numbers[::1])   # step of 1\n",[15,75752,75753,75781,75785,75806,75823,75841],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,75754,75755,75757,75759,75761,75763,75765,75767,75769,75771,75773,75775,75777,75779],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,75756,3554],{"class":53},[47,75758,58],{"class":57},[47,75760,662],{"class":77},[47,75762,193],{"class":61},[47,75764,668],{"class":77},[47,75766,7722],{"class":61},[47,75768,668],{"class":77},[47,75770,7727],{"class":61},[47,75772,668],{"class":77},[47,75774,50769],{"class":61},[47,75776,668],{"class":77},[47,75778,5015],{"class":61},[47,75780,679],{"class":77},[47,75782,75783],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,75784,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,75786,75787,75789,75791,75793,75795,75797,75799,75801,75803],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,75788,99],{"class":98},[47,75790,78],{"class":77},[47,75792,3584],{"class":81},[47,75794,736],{"class":77},[47,75796,665],{"class":61},[47,75798,2826],{"class":77},[47,75800,2451],{"class":61},[47,75802,20382],{"class":77},[47,75804,75805],{"class":1378},"   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\n",[47,75807,75808,75810,75812,75814,75816,75818,75820],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,75809,99],{"class":98},[47,75811,78],{"class":77},[47,75813,3584],{"class":81},[47,75815,75459],{"class":77},[47,75817,2021],{"class":61},[47,75819,20382],{"class":77},[47,75821,75822],{"class":1378},"    # start from the beginning\n",[47,75824,75825,75827,75829,75831,75833,75835,75838],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,75826,99],{"class":98},[47,75828,78],{"class":77},[47,75830,3584],{"class":81},[47,75832,736],{"class":77},[47,75834,2016],{"class":61},[47,75836,75837],{"class":77},":])",[47,75839,75840],{"class":1378},"    # go to the end\n",[47,75842,75843,75845,75847,75849,75851,75853,75855],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,75844,99],{"class":98},[47,75846,78],{"class":77},[47,75848,3584],{"class":81},[47,75850,74048],{"class":77},[47,75852,665],{"class":61},[47,75854,20382],{"class":77},[47,75856,75857],{"class":1378},"   # step of 1\n",[20,75859,129],{},[38,75861,75863],{"className":40,"code":75862,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n[30, 40, 50]\n[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n",[15,75864,75865,75881,75897,75913],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,75866,75867,75869,75871,75873,75875,75877,75879],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,75868,736],{"class":77},[47,75870,15689],{"class":61},[47,75872,668],{"class":77},[47,75874,7727],{"class":61},[47,75876,668],{"class":77},[47,75878,50769],{"class":61},[47,75880,679],{"class":77},[47,75882,75883,75885,75887,75889,75891,75893,75895],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,75884,736],{"class":77},[47,75886,193],{"class":61},[47,75888,668],{"class":77},[47,75890,7722],{"class":61},[47,75892,668],{"class":77},[47,75894,7727],{"class":61},[47,75896,679],{"class":77},[47,75898,75899,75901,75903,75905,75907,75909,75911],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,75900,736],{"class":77},[47,75902,36775],{"class":61},[47,75904,668],{"class":77},[47,75906,50769],{"class":61},[47,75908,668],{"class":77},[47,75910,5015],{"class":61},[47,75912,679],{"class":77},[47,75914,75915,75917,75919,75921,75923,75925,75927,75929,75931,75933,75935],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,75916,736],{"class":77},[47,75918,193],{"class":61},[47,75920,668],{"class":77},[47,75922,7722],{"class":61},[47,75924,668],{"class":77},[47,75926,7727],{"class":61},[47,75928,668],{"class":77},[47,75930,50769],{"class":61},[47,75932,668],{"class":77},[47,75934,5015],{"class":61},[47,75936,679],{"class":77},[33,75938,75940],{"id":75939},"common-slicing-patterns","Common slicing patterns",[20,75942,75943],{},"These are some of the most useful slice patterns to know:",[185,75945,75946,75955,75964,75975,75981],{},[188,75947,75948,75951,75952,5900],{},[15,75949,75950],{},"list[:n]"," gets the first ",[15,75953,75954],{},"n",[188,75956,75957,75960,75961,75963],{},[15,75958,75959],{},"list[n:]"," gets items from position ",[15,75962,75954],{}," to the end",[188,75965,75966,75969,75970,75972,75973],{},[15,75967,75968],{},"list[a:b]"," gets items from ",[15,75971,360],{}," up to ",[15,75974,4696],{},[188,75976,75977,75980],{},[15,75978,75979],{},"list[::2]"," gets every second item",[188,75982,75983,75986],{},[15,75984,75985],{},"list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy",[20,75988,800],{},[38,75990,75992],{"className":40,"code":75991,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[:3])    # first 3 items\nprint(numbers[3:])    # from index 3 to the end\nprint(numbers[1:5])   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\nprint(numbers[::2])   # every second item\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # reversed copy\n",[15,75993,75994,76027,76031,76048,76065,76086,76103],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,75995,75996,75998,76000,76002,76004,76006,76008,76010,76012,76014,76016,76018,76020,76022,76025],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,75997,3554],{"class":53},[47,75999,58],{"class":57},[47,76001,662],{"class":77},[47,76003,193],{"class":61},[47,76005,668],{"class":77},[47,76007,7722],{"class":61},[47,76009,668],{"class":77},[47,76011,7727],{"class":61},[47,76013,668],{"class":77},[47,76015,50769],{"class":61},[47,76017,668],{"class":77},[47,76019,5015],{"class":61},[47,76021,668],{"class":77},[47,76023,76024],{"class":61}," 60",[47,76026,679],{"class":77},[47,76028,76029],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,76030,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,76032,76033,76035,76037,76039,76041,76043,76045],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,76034,99],{"class":98},[47,76036,78],{"class":77},[47,76038,3584],{"class":81},[47,76040,75459],{"class":77},[47,76042,2021],{"class":61},[47,76044,20382],{"class":77},[47,76046,76047],{"class":1378},"    # first 3 items\n",[47,76049,76050,76052,76054,76056,76058,76060,76062],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,76051,99],{"class":98},[47,76053,78],{"class":77},[47,76055,3584],{"class":81},[47,76057,736],{"class":77},[47,76059,2021],{"class":61},[47,76061,75837],{"class":77},[47,76063,76064],{"class":1378},"    # from index 3 to the end\n",[47,76066,76067,76069,76071,76073,76075,76077,76079,76081,76083],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,76068,99],{"class":98},[47,76070,78],{"class":77},[47,76072,3584],{"class":81},[47,76074,736],{"class":77},[47,76076,665],{"class":61},[47,76078,2826],{"class":77},[47,76080,2094],{"class":61},[47,76082,20382],{"class":77},[47,76084,76085],{"class":1378},"   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\n",[47,76087,76088,76090,76092,76094,76096,76098,76100],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,76089,99],{"class":98},[47,76091,78],{"class":77},[47,76093,3584],{"class":81},[47,76095,74048],{"class":77},[47,76097,2016],{"class":61},[47,76099,20382],{"class":77},[47,76101,76102],{"class":1378},"   # every second item\n",[47,76104,76105,76107,76109,76111,76113,76115,76117,76119],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,76106,99],{"class":98},[47,76108,78],{"class":77},[47,76110,3584],{"class":81},[47,76112,74048],{"class":77},[47,76114,1981],{"class":57},[47,76116,665],{"class":61},[47,76118,20382],{"class":77},[47,76120,76121],{"class":1378},"  # reversed copy\n",[20,76123,129],{},[38,76125,76127],{"className":40,"code":76126,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[10, 20, 30]\n[40, 50, 60]\n[20, 30, 40, 50]\n[10, 30, 50]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,76128,76129,76145,76161,76181,76197],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,76130,76131,76133,76135,76137,76139,76141,76143],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,76132,736],{"class":77},[47,76134,193],{"class":61},[47,76136,668],{"class":77},[47,76138,7722],{"class":61},[47,76140,668],{"class":77},[47,76142,7727],{"class":61},[47,76144,679],{"class":77},[47,76146,76147,76149,76151,76153,76155,76157,76159],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,76148,736],{"class":77},[47,76150,56620],{"class":61},[47,76152,668],{"class":77},[47,76154,5015],{"class":61},[47,76156,668],{"class":77},[47,76158,76024],{"class":61},[47,76160,679],{"class":77},[47,76162,76163,76165,76167,76169,76171,76173,76175,76177,76179],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,76164,736],{"class":77},[47,76166,15689],{"class":61},[47,76168,668],{"class":77},[47,76170,7727],{"class":61},[47,76172,668],{"class":77},[47,76174,50769],{"class":61},[47,76176,668],{"class":77},[47,76178,5015],{"class":61},[47,76180,679],{"class":77},[47,76182,76183,76185,76187,76189,76191,76193,76195],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,76184,736],{"class":77},[47,76186,193],{"class":61},[47,76188,668],{"class":77},[47,76190,7727],{"class":61},[47,76192,668],{"class":77},[47,76194,5015],{"class":61},[47,76196,679],{"class":77},[47,76198,76199,76201,76204,76206,76208,76210,76212,76214,76216,76218,76220,76222,76224],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,76200,736],{"class":77},[47,76202,76203],{"class":61},"60",[47,76205,668],{"class":77},[47,76207,5015],{"class":61},[47,76209,668],{"class":77},[47,76211,50769],{"class":61},[47,76213,668],{"class":77},[47,76215,7727],{"class":61},[47,76217,668],{"class":77},[47,76219,7722],{"class":61},[47,76221,668],{"class":77},[47,76223,5939],{"class":61},[47,76225,679],{"class":77},[20,76227,76228,76229,914],{},"If you want to make a separate copy of a list, see ",[360,76230,14823],{"href":57146},[33,76232,76234],{"id":76233},"negative-indexes-in-slices","Negative indexes in slices",[20,76236,76237],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list.",[20,76239,5405],{},[185,76241,76242,76248],{},[188,76243,76244,76247],{},[15,76245,76246],{},"list[-1]"," is the last item",[188,76249,76250,76253],{},[15,76251,76252],{},"list[-2]"," is the second-to-last item",[20,76255,76256],{},"Negative indexes also work in slices.",[38,76258,76260],{"className":40,"code":76259,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\nprint(letters[-1])    # last item\nprint(letters[-3:])   # last 3 items\nprint(letters[:-1])   # everything except the last item\n",[15,76261,76262,76310,76314,76333,76352],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,76263,76264,76266,76268,76270,76272,76274,76276,76278,76280,76282,76284,76286,76288,76290,76292,76294,76296,76298,76300,76302,76304,76306,76308],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,76265,36024],{"class":53},[47,76267,58],{"class":57},[47,76269,662],{"class":77},[47,76271,309],{"class":151},[47,76273,360],{"class":155},[47,76275,309],{"class":151},[47,76277,668],{"class":77},[47,76279,303],{"class":151},[47,76281,4696],{"class":155},[47,76283,309],{"class":151},[47,76285,668],{"class":77},[47,76287,303],{"class":151},[47,76289,9671],{"class":155},[47,76291,309],{"class":151},[47,76293,668],{"class":77},[47,76295,303],{"class":151},[47,76297,18703],{"class":155},[47,76299,309],{"class":151},[47,76301,668],{"class":77},[47,76303,303],{"class":151},[47,76305,60375],{"class":155},[47,76307,309],{"class":151},[47,76309,679],{"class":77},[47,76311,76312],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,76313,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,76315,76316,76318,76320,76322,76324,76326,76328,76330],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,76317,99],{"class":98},[47,76319,78],{"class":77},[47,76321,36077],{"class":81},[47,76323,736],{"class":77},[47,76325,1981],{"class":57},[47,76327,665],{"class":61},[47,76329,20382],{"class":77},[47,76331,76332],{"class":1378},"    # last item\n",[47,76334,76335,76337,76339,76341,76343,76345,76347,76349],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,76336,99],{"class":98},[47,76338,78],{"class":77},[47,76340,36077],{"class":81},[47,76342,736],{"class":77},[47,76344,1981],{"class":57},[47,76346,2021],{"class":61},[47,76348,75837],{"class":77},[47,76350,76351],{"class":1378},"   # last 3 items\n",[47,76353,76354,76356,76358,76360,76362,76364,76366,76368],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,76355,99],{"class":98},[47,76357,78],{"class":77},[47,76359,36077],{"class":81},[47,76361,75459],{"class":77},[47,76363,1981],{"class":57},[47,76365,665],{"class":61},[47,76367,20382],{"class":77},[47,76369,76370],{"class":1378},"   # everything except the last item\n",[20,76372,129],{},[38,76374,76376],{"className":40,"code":76375,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"e\n['c', 'd', 'e']\n['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,76377,76378,76383,76411],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,76379,76380],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,76381,76382],{"class":53},"e\n",[47,76384,76385,76387,76389,76391,76393,76395,76397,76399,76401,76403,76405,76407,76409],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,76386,736],{"class":77},[47,76388,159],{"class":151},[47,76390,9671],{"class":155},[47,76392,159],{"class":151},[47,76394,668],{"class":77},[47,76396,152],{"class":151},[47,76398,18703],{"class":155},[47,76400,159],{"class":151},[47,76402,668],{"class":77},[47,76404,152],{"class":151},[47,76406,60375],{"class":155},[47,76408,159],{"class":151},[47,76410,679],{"class":77},[47,76412,76413,76415,76417,76419,76421,76423,76425,76427,76429,76431,76433,76435,76437,76439,76441,76443,76445],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,76414,736],{"class":77},[47,76416,159],{"class":151},[47,76418,360],{"class":155},[47,76420,159],{"class":151},[47,76422,668],{"class":77},[47,76424,152],{"class":151},[47,76426,4696],{"class":155},[47,76428,159],{"class":151},[47,76430,668],{"class":77},[47,76432,152],{"class":151},[47,76434,9671],{"class":155},[47,76436,159],{"class":151},[47,76438,668],{"class":77},[47,76440,152],{"class":151},[47,76442,18703],{"class":155},[47,76444,159],{"class":151},[47,76446,679],{"class":77},[20,76448,12986],{},[185,76450,76451,76454,76458,76464,76470],{},[188,76452,76453],{},"Negative indexes count from the end",[188,76455,76456,76247],{},[15,76457,76246],{},[188,76459,76460,76463],{},[15,76461,76462],{},"list[-3:]"," gets the last three items",[188,76465,76466,76469],{},[15,76467,76468],{},"list[:-1]"," gets everything except the last item",[188,76471,76472,76473,4329,76475],{},"Negative indexes work with both ",[15,76474,36006],{},[15,76476,75350],{},[33,76478,76480],{"id":76479},"slice-step-and-reverse-order","Slice step and reverse order",[20,76482,1939,76483,76485],{},[15,76484,75353],{}," value controls how far Python moves each time.",[185,76487,76488,76491,76494,76499,76509],{},[188,76489,76490],{},"A positive step moves left to right",[188,76492,76493],{},"A negative step moves right to left",[188,76495,76496,76498],{},[15,76497,75985],{}," is a common way to reverse a list copy",[188,76500,8807,76501,76503,76504,76506,76507],{},[15,76502,75353],{}," is negative, ",[15,76505,36006],{}," usually needs to be greater than ",[15,76508,75350],{},[188,76510,76511,76513,76514],{},[15,76512,75353],{}," cannot be ",[15,76515,2077],{},[20,76517,76518],{},"Example with different step values:",[38,76520,76522],{"className":40,"code":76521,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[::2])     # every second item\nprint(numbers[1::2])    # every second item starting at index 1\nprint(numbers[::-1])    # reverse the list\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[15,76523,76524,76556,76560,76577,76599,76618],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,76525,76526,76528,76530,76532,76534,76536,76538,76540,76542,76544,76546,76548,76550,76552,76554],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,76527,3554],{"class":53},[47,76529,58],{"class":57},[47,76531,662],{"class":77},[47,76533,193],{"class":61},[47,76535,668],{"class":77},[47,76537,7722],{"class":61},[47,76539,668],{"class":77},[47,76541,7727],{"class":61},[47,76543,668],{"class":77},[47,76545,50769],{"class":61},[47,76547,668],{"class":77},[47,76549,5015],{"class":61},[47,76551,668],{"class":77},[47,76553,76024],{"class":61},[47,76555,679],{"class":77},[47,76557,76558],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,76559,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,76561,76562,76564,76566,76568,76570,76572,76574],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,76563,99],{"class":98},[47,76565,78],{"class":77},[47,76567,3584],{"class":81},[47,76569,74048],{"class":77},[47,76571,2016],{"class":61},[47,76573,20382],{"class":77},[47,76575,76576],{"class":1378},"     # every second item\n",[47,76578,76579,76581,76583,76585,76587,76589,76592,76594,76596],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,76580,99],{"class":98},[47,76582,78],{"class":77},[47,76584,3584],{"class":81},[47,76586,736],{"class":77},[47,76588,665],{"class":61},[47,76590,76591],{"class":77},"::",[47,76593,2016],{"class":61},[47,76595,20382],{"class":77},[47,76597,76598],{"class":1378},"    # every second item starting at index 1\n",[47,76600,76601,76603,76605,76607,76609,76611,76613,76615],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,76602,99],{"class":98},[47,76604,78],{"class":77},[47,76606,3584],{"class":81},[47,76608,74048],{"class":77},[47,76610,1981],{"class":57},[47,76612,665],{"class":61},[47,76614,20382],{"class":77},[47,76616,76617],{"class":1378},"    # reverse the list\n",[47,76619,76620,76622,76624,76626,76628,76630,76632,76634,76636,76638,76640,76642],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,76621,99],{"class":98},[47,76623,78],{"class":77},[47,76625,3584],{"class":81},[47,76627,736],{"class":77},[47,76629,2451],{"class":61},[47,76631,2826],{"class":77},[47,76633,665],{"class":61},[47,76635,2826],{"class":77},[47,76637,1981],{"class":57},[47,76639,665],{"class":61},[47,76641,20382],{"class":77},[47,76643,76644],{"class":1378},"  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[20,76646,129],{},[38,76648,76650],{"className":40,"code":76649,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[10, 30, 50]\n[20, 40, 60]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n[50, 40, 30]\n",[15,76651,76652,76668,76684,76712],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,76653,76654,76656,76658,76660,76662,76664,76666],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,76655,736],{"class":77},[47,76657,193],{"class":61},[47,76659,668],{"class":77},[47,76661,7727],{"class":61},[47,76663,668],{"class":77},[47,76665,5015],{"class":61},[47,76667,679],{"class":77},[47,76669,76670,76672,76674,76676,76678,76680,76682],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,76671,736],{"class":77},[47,76673,15689],{"class":61},[47,76675,668],{"class":77},[47,76677,50769],{"class":61},[47,76679,668],{"class":77},[47,76681,76024],{"class":61},[47,76683,679],{"class":77},[47,76685,76686,76688,76690,76692,76694,76696,76698,76700,76702,76704,76706,76708,76710],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,76687,736],{"class":77},[47,76689,76203],{"class":61},[47,76691,668],{"class":77},[47,76693,5015],{"class":61},[47,76695,668],{"class":77},[47,76697,50769],{"class":61},[47,76699,668],{"class":77},[47,76701,7727],{"class":61},[47,76703,668],{"class":77},[47,76705,7722],{"class":61},[47,76707,668],{"class":77},[47,76709,5939],{"class":61},[47,76711,679],{"class":77},[47,76713,76714,76716,76719,76721,76723,76725,76727],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,76715,736],{"class":77},[47,76717,76718],{"class":61},"50",[47,76720,668],{"class":77},[47,76722,50769],{"class":61},[47,76724,668],{"class":77},[47,76726,7727],{"class":61},[47,76728,679],{"class":77},[20,76730,76731,76732,914],{},"If you want to reverse a list in other ways, compare this with ",[360,76733,76734],{"href":74732},"how to reverse a list in Python",[373,76736,76738],{"id":76737},"step-cannot-be-0","Step cannot be 0",[20,76740,2782],{},[38,76742,76744],{"className":40,"code":76743,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,76745,76746,76766],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,76747,76748,76750,76752,76754,76756,76758,76760,76762,76764],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,76749,3554],{"class":53},[47,76751,58],{"class":57},[47,76753,662],{"class":77},[47,76755,665],{"class":61},[47,76757,668],{"class":77},[47,76759,671],{"class":61},[47,76761,668],{"class":77},[47,76763,676],{"class":61},[47,76765,679],{"class":77},[47,76767,76768,76770,76772,76774,76776,76778],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,76769,99],{"class":98},[47,76771,78],{"class":77},[47,76773,3584],{"class":81},[47,76775,74048],{"class":77},[47,76777,2077],{"class":61},[47,76779,3825],{"class":77},[20,76781,76782,76783,76785,76786,76788],{},"Python raises a ",[15,76784,40637],{}," because a slice step of ",[15,76787,2077],{}," does not make sense.",[33,76790,76792],{"id":76791},"slicing-vs-indexing","Slicing vs indexing",[20,76794,76795],{},"Slicing and indexing look similar, but they do different things.",[373,76797,76799],{"id":76798},"indexing-gets-one-item","Indexing gets one item",[38,76801,76803],{"className":40,"code":76802,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,76804,76805,76829,76833],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,76806,76807,76809,76811,76813,76815,76817,76819,76821,76823,76825,76827],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,76808,3554],{"class":53},[47,76810,58],{"class":57},[47,76812,662],{"class":77},[47,76814,193],{"class":61},[47,76816,668],{"class":77},[47,76818,7722],{"class":61},[47,76820,668],{"class":77},[47,76822,7727],{"class":61},[47,76824,668],{"class":77},[47,76826,50769],{"class":61},[47,76828,679],{"class":77},[47,76830,76831],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,76832,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,76834,76835,76837,76839,76841,76843,76845],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,76836,99],{"class":98},[47,76838,78],{"class":77},[47,76840,3584],{"class":81},[47,76842,736],{"class":77},[47,76844,2016],{"class":61},[47,76846,3825],{"class":77},[20,76848,129],{},[38,76850,76851],{"className":40,"code":69767,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,76852,76853],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,76854,76855],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,76856,69767],{"class":61},[373,76858,76860],{"id":76859},"slicing-gets-a-new-list","Slicing gets a new list",[38,76862,76864],{"className":40,"code":76863,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2:3])\n",[15,76865,76866,76890,76894],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,76867,76868,76870,76872,76874,76876,76878,76880,76882,76884,76886,76888],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,76869,3554],{"class":53},[47,76871,58],{"class":57},[47,76873,662],{"class":77},[47,76875,193],{"class":61},[47,76877,668],{"class":77},[47,76879,7722],{"class":61},[47,76881,668],{"class":77},[47,76883,7727],{"class":61},[47,76885,668],{"class":77},[47,76887,50769],{"class":61},[47,76889,679],{"class":77},[47,76891,76892],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,76893,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,76895,76896,76898,76900,76902,76904,76906,76908,76910],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,76897,99],{"class":98},[47,76899,78],{"class":77},[47,76901,3584],{"class":81},[47,76903,736],{"class":77},[47,76905,2016],{"class":61},[47,76907,2826],{"class":77},[47,76909,2021],{"class":61},[47,76911,3825],{"class":77},[20,76913,129],{},[38,76915,76917],{"className":40,"code":76916,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[30]\n",[15,76918,76919],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,76920,76921,76923,76925],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,76922,736],{"class":77},[47,76924,36775],{"class":61},[47,76926,679],{"class":77},[20,76928,13698],{},[185,76930,76931,76937],{},[188,76932,76933,76936],{},[15,76934,76935],{},"numbers[2]"," returns one value",[188,76938,76939,76942],{},[15,76940,76941],{},"numbers[2:3]"," returns a list with one item",[20,76944,76945],{},"Another important difference is error behavior:",[185,76947,76948,76951],{},[188,76949,76950],{},"Out-of-range indexing can raise an error",[188,76952,76953],{},"Out-of-range slicing usually does not",[20,76955,800],{},[38,76957,76959],{"className":40,"code":76958,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5:10])\n",[15,76960,76961,76981,76985],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,76962,76963,76965,76967,76969,76971,76973,76975,76977,76979],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,76964,3554],{"class":53},[47,76966,58],{"class":57},[47,76968,662],{"class":77},[47,76970,193],{"class":61},[47,76972,668],{"class":77},[47,76974,7722],{"class":61},[47,76976,668],{"class":77},[47,76978,7727],{"class":61},[47,76980,679],{"class":77},[47,76982,76983],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,76984,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,76986,76987,76989,76991,76993,76995,76997,76999,77001],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,76988,99],{"class":98},[47,76990,78],{"class":77},[47,76992,3584],{"class":81},[47,76994,736],{"class":77},[47,76996,2094],{"class":61},[47,76998,2826],{"class":77},[47,77000,193],{"class":61},[47,77002,3825],{"class":77},[20,77004,129],{},[38,77006,77007],{"className":40,"code":38232,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,77008,77009],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,77010,77011],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77012,38232],{"class":77},[20,77014,77015],{},"But this would raise an error:",[38,77017,77019],{"className":40,"code":77018,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,77020,77021,77041,77045],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,77022,77023,77025,77027,77029,77031,77033,77035,77037,77039],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77024,3554],{"class":53},[47,77026,58],{"class":57},[47,77028,662],{"class":77},[47,77030,193],{"class":61},[47,77032,668],{"class":77},[47,77034,7722],{"class":61},[47,77036,668],{"class":77},[47,77038,7727],{"class":61},[47,77040,679],{"class":77},[47,77042,77043],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,77044,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,77046,77047,77049,77051,77053,77055,77057],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,77048,99],{"class":98},[47,77050,78],{"class":77},[47,77052,3584],{"class":81},[47,77054,736],{"class":77},[47,77056,2094],{"class":61},[47,77058,3825],{"class":77},[20,77060,77061,77062,914],{},"If you run into that error, see ",[360,77063,69186],{"href":69185},[33,77065,15111],{"id":77066},"beginner-mistakes-to-avoid",[20,77068,77069],{},"These are the most common slicing mistakes:",[185,77071,77072,77076,77078,77081,77087],{},[188,77073,4639,77074,75665],{},[15,77075,75350],{},[188,77077,60620],{},[188,77079,77080],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original list",[188,77082,37138,77083,8636,77085],{},[15,77084,75985],{},[15,77086,73452],{},[188,77088,77089,77090,77092],{},"Using step ",[15,77091,2077],{},", which causes an error",[373,77094,77096],{"id":77095},"_1-forgetting-that-stop-is-not-included","1. Forgetting that stop is not included",[38,77098,77100],{"className":40,"code":77099,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,77101,77102,77130],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,77103,77104,77106,77108,77110,77112,77114,77116,77118,77120,77122,77124,77126,77128],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77105,3554],{"class":53},[47,77107,58],{"class":57},[47,77109,662],{"class":77},[47,77111,193],{"class":61},[47,77113,668],{"class":77},[47,77115,7722],{"class":61},[47,77117,668],{"class":77},[47,77119,7727],{"class":61},[47,77121,668],{"class":77},[47,77123,50769],{"class":61},[47,77125,668],{"class":77},[47,77127,5015],{"class":61},[47,77129,679],{"class":77},[47,77131,77132,77134,77136,77138,77140,77142,77144,77146],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,77133,99],{"class":98},[47,77135,78],{"class":77},[47,77137,3584],{"class":81},[47,77139,736],{"class":77},[47,77141,665],{"class":61},[47,77143,2826],{"class":77},[47,77145,2451],{"class":61},[47,77147,3825],{"class":77},[20,77149,77150],{},"This returns:",[38,77152,77154],{"className":40,"code":77153,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[20, 30, 40]\n",[15,77155,77156],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,77157,77158,77160,77162,77164,77166,77168,77170],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77159,736],{"class":77},[47,77161,15689],{"class":61},[47,77163,668],{"class":77},[47,77165,7727],{"class":61},[47,77167,668],{"class":77},[47,77169,50769],{"class":61},[47,77171,679],{"class":77},[20,77173,40839,77174,77176,77177,77179,77180,914],{},[127,77175,768],{}," include ",[15,77178,76718],{},", because slicing stops before index ",[15,77181,2451],{},[373,77183,77185],{"id":77184},"_2-using-parentheses-instead-of-square-brackets","2. Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[20,77187,16579],{},[38,77189,77191],{"className":40,"code":77190,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# numbers(1:3)\n",[15,77192,77193,77213],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,77194,77195,77197,77199,77201,77203,77205,77207,77209,77211],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77196,3554],{"class":53},[47,77198,58],{"class":57},[47,77200,662],{"class":77},[47,77202,193],{"class":61},[47,77204,668],{"class":77},[47,77206,7722],{"class":61},[47,77208,668],{"class":77},[47,77210,7727],{"class":61},[47,77212,679],{"class":77},[47,77214,77215],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,77216,77217],{"class":1378},"# numbers(1:3)\n",[20,77219,77220],{},"A slice must use square brackets:",[38,77222,77224],{"className":40,"code":77223,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,77225,77226],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,77227,77228,77230,77232,77234,77236,77238,77240,77242],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77229,99],{"class":98},[47,77231,78],{"class":77},[47,77233,3584],{"class":81},[47,77235,736],{"class":77},[47,77237,665],{"class":61},[47,77239,2826],{"class":77},[47,77241,2021],{"class":61},[47,77243,3825],{"class":77},[373,77245,77247],{"id":77246},"_3-expecting-slicing-to-modify-the-original-list","3. Expecting slicing to modify the original list",[20,77249,77250],{},"A slice creates a new list.",[38,77252,77254],{"className":40,"code":77253,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\npart = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77255,77256,77280,77294,77298,77308],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,77257,77258,77260,77262,77264,77266,77268,77270,77272,77274,77276,77278],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77259,3554],{"class":53},[47,77261,58],{"class":57},[47,77263,662],{"class":77},[47,77265,193],{"class":61},[47,77267,668],{"class":77},[47,77269,7722],{"class":61},[47,77271,668],{"class":77},[47,77273,7727],{"class":61},[47,77275,668],{"class":77},[47,77277,50769],{"class":61},[47,77279,679],{"class":77},[47,77281,77282,77284,77286,77288,77290,77292],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,77283,75583],{"class":53},[47,77285,58],{"class":57},[47,77287,4198],{"class":53},[47,77289,75459],{"class":77},[47,77291,2016],{"class":61},[47,77293,679],{"class":77},[47,77295,77296],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,77297,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,77299,77300,77302,77304,77306],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,77301,99],{"class":98},[47,77303,78],{"class":77},[47,77305,75606],{"class":81},[47,77307,85],{"class":77},[47,77309,77310,77312,77314,77316],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,77311,99],{"class":98},[47,77313,78],{"class":77},[47,77315,3584],{"class":81},[47,77317,85],{"class":77},[20,77319,129],{},[38,77321,77323],{"className":40,"code":77322,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[10, 20]\n[10, 20, 30, 40]\n",[15,77324,77325,77337],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,77326,77327,77329,77331,77333,77335],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77328,736],{"class":77},[47,77330,193],{"class":61},[47,77332,668],{"class":77},[47,77334,7722],{"class":61},[47,77336,679],{"class":77},[47,77338,77339,77341,77343,77345,77347,77349,77351,77353,77355],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,77340,736],{"class":77},[47,77342,193],{"class":61},[47,77344,668],{"class":77},[47,77346,7722],{"class":61},[47,77348,668],{"class":77},[47,77350,7727],{"class":61},[47,77352,668],{"class":77},[47,77354,50769],{"class":61},[47,77356,679],{"class":77},[20,77358,77359],{},"The original list stays the same unless you assign the result back.",[373,77361,77363,77364,8636,77366],{"id":77362},"_4-confusing-list-1-with-listreverse","4. Confusing ",[15,77365,75985],{},[15,77367,73452],{},[38,77369,77371],{"className":40,"code":77370,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nreversed_copy = numbers[::-1]\nprint(reversed_copy)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77372,77373,77393,77397,77414,77425],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,77374,77375,77377,77379,77381,77383,77385,77387,77389,77391],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77376,3554],{"class":53},[47,77378,58],{"class":57},[47,77380,662],{"class":77},[47,77382,193],{"class":61},[47,77384,668],{"class":77},[47,77386,7722],{"class":61},[47,77388,668],{"class":77},[47,77390,7727],{"class":61},[47,77392,679],{"class":77},[47,77394,77395],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,77396,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,77398,77399,77402,77404,77406,77408,77410,77412],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,77400,77401],{"class":53},"reversed_copy ",[47,77403,58],{"class":57},[47,77405,4198],{"class":53},[47,77407,74048],{"class":77},[47,77409,1981],{"class":57},[47,77411,665],{"class":61},[47,77413,679],{"class":77},[47,77415,77416,77418,77420,77423],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,77417,99],{"class":98},[47,77419,78],{"class":77},[47,77421,77422],{"class":81},"reversed_copy",[47,77424,85],{"class":77},[47,77426,77427,77429,77431,77433],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,77428,99],{"class":98},[47,77430,78],{"class":77},[47,77432,3584],{"class":81},[47,77434,85],{"class":77},[20,77436,129],{},[38,77438,77440],{"className":40,"code":77439,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[30, 20, 10]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,77441,77442,77458],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,77443,77444,77446,77448,77450,77452,77454,77456],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77445,736],{"class":77},[47,77447,36775],{"class":61},[47,77449,668],{"class":77},[47,77451,7722],{"class":61},[47,77453,668],{"class":77},[47,77455,5939],{"class":61},[47,77457,679],{"class":77},[47,77459,77460,77462,77464,77466,77468,77470,77472],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,77461,736],{"class":77},[47,77463,193],{"class":61},[47,77465,668],{"class":77},[47,77467,7722],{"class":61},[47,77469,668],{"class":77},[47,77471,7727],{"class":61},[47,77473,679],{"class":77},[20,77475,77476,77479],{},[15,77477,77478],{},"numbers[::-1]"," creates a reversed copy.",[20,77481,77482,77483,77486],{},"By contrast, ",[15,77484,77485],{},"numbers.reverse()"," changes the original list in place.",[373,77488,77490],{"id":77489},"_5-using-a-step-of-0","5. Using a step of 0",[20,77492,77493],{},"This is not allowed:",[38,77495,77497],{"className":40,"code":77496,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# print(numbers[::0])\n",[15,77498,77499,77519],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,77500,77501,77503,77505,77507,77509,77511,77513,77515,77517],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77502,3554],{"class":53},[47,77504,58],{"class":57},[47,77506,662],{"class":77},[47,77508,193],{"class":61},[47,77510,668],{"class":77},[47,77512,7722],{"class":61},[47,77514,668],{"class":77},[47,77516,7727],{"class":61},[47,77518,679],{"class":77},[47,77520,77521],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,77522,77523],{"class":1378},"# print(numbers[::0])\n",[20,77525,77526,77527,914],{},"Python will raise a ",[15,77528,40637],{},[33,77530,77532],{"id":77531},"common-causes-of-slicing-confusion","Common causes of slicing confusion",[20,77534,77535],{},"If list slicing feels confusing at first, these are usually the reasons:",[185,77537,77538,77545,77551,77554,77557],{},[188,77539,37138,77540,4329,77542,77544],{},[15,77541,36006],{},[15,77543,75350],{}," positions",[188,77546,77547,77548,77550],{},"Assuming the ",[15,77549,75350],{}," index is included",[188,77552,77553],{},"Mixing up slicing and indexing",[188,77555,77556],{},"Using a negative step without understanding the direction",[188,77558,77559],{},"Expecting a slice to modify the original list",[20,77561,77562],{},"A good way to debug slices is to print the list and test small examples:",[38,77564,77566],{"className":40,"code":77565,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list[1:4])\nprint(my_list[:3])\nprint(my_list[-3:])\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,77567,77568,77578,77592,77610,77624,77641],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,77569,77570,77572,77574,77576],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77571,99],{"class":98},[47,77573,78],{"class":77},[47,77575,8270],{"class":81},[47,77577,85],{"class":77},[47,77579,77580,77582,77584,77586,77588,77590],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,77581,99],{"class":98},[47,77583,78],{"class":77},[47,77585,11095],{"class":98},[47,77587,78],{"class":77},[47,77589,8270],{"class":81},[47,77591,123],{"class":77},[47,77593,77594,77596,77598,77600,77602,77604,77606,77608],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,77595,99],{"class":98},[47,77597,78],{"class":77},[47,77599,8270],{"class":81},[47,77601,736],{"class":77},[47,77603,665],{"class":61},[47,77605,2826],{"class":77},[47,77607,2451],{"class":61},[47,77609,3825],{"class":77},[47,77611,77612,77614,77616,77618,77620,77622],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,77613,99],{"class":98},[47,77615,78],{"class":77},[47,77617,8270],{"class":81},[47,77619,75459],{"class":77},[47,77621,2021],{"class":61},[47,77623,3825],{"class":77},[47,77625,77626,77628,77630,77632,77634,77636,77638],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,77627,99],{"class":98},[47,77629,78],{"class":77},[47,77631,8270],{"class":81},[47,77633,736],{"class":77},[47,77635,1981],{"class":57},[47,77637,2021],{"class":61},[47,77639,77640],{"class":77},":])\n",[47,77642,77643,77645,77647,77649,77651,77653,77655],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,77644,99],{"class":98},[47,77646,78],{"class":77},[47,77648,8270],{"class":81},[47,77650,74048],{"class":77},[47,77652,1981],{"class":57},[47,77654,665],{"class":61},[47,77656,3825],{"class":77},[20,77658,1335,77659,77661,77662,77666],{},[15,77660,42292],{}," is especially helpful when you are checking positions in a list. See ",[360,77663,77665],{"href":77664},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len\u002F","Python list length with len()"," if you need a refresher.",[33,77668,1762],{"id":1761},[373,77670,77672],{"id":77671},"does-slicing-change-the-original-list","Does slicing change the original list?",[20,77674,77675],{},"No. A slice creates a new list unless you assign it back.",[373,77677,77679],{"id":77678},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-slice","Is the stop index included in a slice?",[20,77681,77682],{},"No. Python stops before that position.",[373,77684,1766,77686,39896],{"id":77685},"what-does-list-1-do",[15,77687,75985],{},[20,77689,77690],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the list.",[373,77692,77694,77695,1812],{"id":77693},"can-slicing-cause-indexerror","Can slicing cause ",[15,77696,70658],{},[20,77698,77699],{},"Usually no. Slices that go past the end return the available items.",[33,77701,1825],{"id":1824},[185,77703,77704,77709,77714,77718,77722,77726],{},[188,77705,77706],{},[360,77707,77708],{"href":50905},"Beginner guide to Python lists",[188,77710,77711],{},[360,77712,77713],{"href":57081},"How to create a list in Python",[188,77715,77716],{},[360,77717,14899],{"href":57146},[188,77719,77720],{},[360,77721,74733],{"href":74732},[188,77723,77724],{},[360,77725,77665],{"href":77664},[188,77727,77728],{},[360,77729,69186],{"href":69185},[20,77731,77732,77733,77735],{},"Practice with small lists first, such as 3 to 5 items. Once slicing feels natural, move on to list indexing, ",[15,77734,42292],{},", copying, and reversing.",[1875,77737,77738],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":65,"depth":65,"links":77740},[77741,77742,77743,77744,77745,77746,77749,77753,77761,77762,77770],{"id":35,"depth":65,"text":36},{"id":75514,"depth":65,"text":75515},{"id":75677,"depth":65,"text":75678},{"id":75939,"depth":65,"text":75940},{"id":76233,"depth":65,"text":76234},{"id":76479,"depth":65,"text":76480,"children":77747},[77748],{"id":76737,"depth":88,"text":76738},{"id":76791,"depth":65,"text":76792,"children":77750},[77751,77752],{"id":76798,"depth":88,"text":76799},{"id":76859,"depth":88,"text":76860},{"id":77066,"depth":65,"text":15111,"children":77754},[77755,77756,77757,77758,77760],{"id":77095,"depth":88,"text":77096},{"id":77184,"depth":88,"text":77185},{"id":77246,"depth":88,"text":77247},{"id":77362,"depth":88,"text":77759},"4. Confusing list[::-1] with list.reverse()",{"id":77489,"depth":88,"text":77490},{"id":77531,"depth":65,"text":77532},{"id":1761,"depth":65,"text":1762,"children":77763},[77764,77765,77766,77768],{"id":77671,"depth":88,"text":77672},{"id":77678,"depth":88,"text":77679},{"id":77685,"depth":88,"text":77767},"What does list[::-1] do?",{"id":77693,"depth":88,"text":77769},"Can slicing cause IndexError?",{"id":1824,"depth":65,"text":1825},"Master python list slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained",{"title":75337,"description":77771},"reference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained","pKnzxErXID1m6QqeoQmUcGq-aEEzjpIsufZXfnjTT8o",{"id":77778,"title":77779,"body":77780,"description":79849,"extension":1922,"meta":79850,"navigation":91,"path":79851,"seo":79852,"stem":79853,"__hash__":79854},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method.md","Python List sort() Method",{"type":7,"value":77781,"toc":79815},[77782,77787,77793,77799,77801,77848,77855,77860,77864,77879,77882,77935,77937,77962,77967,77969,78001,78004,78020,78022,78083,78085,78110,78114,78119,78172,78174,78199,78204,78265,78267,78292,78295,78302,78306,78309,78370,78372,78405,78408,78469,78471,78504,78510,78583,78585,78617,78624,78629,78634,78636,78648,78651,78729,78731,78772,78775,78849,78851,78884,78889,78896,78903,78907,78916,78920,78928,78930,78997,78999,79035,79040,79051,79053,79058,79063,79065,79128,79130,79155,79162,79167,79171,79174,79214,79219,79225,79230,79232,79259,79264,79267,79314,79316,79373,79380,79385,79391,79460,79464,79467,79530,79532,79565,79570,79572,79575,79656,79658,79682,79688,79690,79695,79699,79706,79714,79718,79720,79743,79747,79749,79776,79779,79786,79789,79791,79812],[10,77783,54269,77785,11256],{"id":77784},"python-list-sort-method",[15,77786,64239],{},[20,77788,77789,77792],{},[15,77790,77791],{},"list.sort()"," is the built-in list method for sorting items in a list.",[20,77794,77795,77796,77798],{},"Use this page as a quick reference for what ",[15,77797,64239],{}," does, how its main arguments work, and the beginner mistakes to avoid.",[33,77800,36],{"id":35},[38,77802,77804],{"className":40,"code":77803,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(numbers)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,77805,77806,77826,77836],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,77807,77808,77810,77812,77814,77816,77818,77820,77822,77824],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77809,3554],{"class":53},[47,77811,58],{"class":57},[47,77813,662],{"class":77},[47,77815,2021],{"class":61},[47,77817,668],{"class":77},[47,77819,5431],{"class":61},[47,77821,668],{"class":77},[47,77823,671],{"class":61},[47,77825,679],{"class":77},[47,77827,77828,77830,77832,77834],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,77829,3584],{"class":53},[47,77831,914],{"class":77},[47,77833,34732],{"class":81},[47,77835,8574],{"class":77},[47,77837,77838,77840,77842,77844,77846],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,77839,99],{"class":98},[47,77841,78],{"class":77},[47,77843,3584],{"class":81},[47,77845,862],{"class":77},[47,77847,54859],{"class":1378},[20,77849,165,77850,77852,77853,914],{},[15,77851,77791],{}," to sort a list in place. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,77854,3713],{},[33,77856,172,77858,175],{"id":77857},"what-listsort-does",[15,77859,77791],{},[20,77861,77862,2826],{},[15,77863,77791],{},[185,77865,77866,77869,77872,77876],{},[188,77867,77868],{},"Sorts the items of a list in place",[188,77870,77871],{},"Changes the original list",[188,77873,11358,77874],{},[15,77875,3713],{},[188,77877,77878],{},"Works for numbers and strings when items can be compared",[20,77880,77881],{},"This means the list itself is updated after you call the method.",[38,77883,77885],{"className":40,"code":77884,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77886,77887,77911,77921,77925],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,77888,77889,77891,77893,77895,77897,77899,77901,77903,77905,77907,77909],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77890,3554],{"class":53},[47,77892,58],{"class":57},[47,77894,662],{"class":77},[47,77896,2094],{"class":61},[47,77898,668],{"class":77},[47,77900,671],{"class":61},[47,77902,668],{"class":77},[47,77904,54063],{"class":61},[47,77906,668],{"class":77},[47,77908,5431],{"class":61},[47,77910,679],{"class":77},[47,77912,77913,77915,77917,77919],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,77914,3584],{"class":53},[47,77916,914],{"class":77},[47,77918,34732],{"class":81},[47,77920,8574],{"class":77},[47,77922,77923],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,77924,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,77926,77927,77929,77931,77933],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,77928,99],{"class":98},[47,77930,78],{"class":77},[47,77932,3584],{"class":81},[47,77934,85],{"class":77},[20,77936,129],{},[38,77938,77940],{"className":40,"code":77939,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2, 5, 9]\n",[15,77941,77942],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,77943,77944,77946,77948,77950,77952,77954,77956,77958,77960],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77945,736],{"class":77},[47,77947,665],{"class":61},[47,77949,668],{"class":77},[47,77951,671],{"class":61},[47,77953,668],{"class":77},[47,77955,4540],{"class":61},[47,77957,668],{"class":77},[47,77959,54063],{"class":61},[47,77961,679],{"class":77},[20,77963,77964,77965,914],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, see the ",[360,77966,67004],{"href":50905},[33,77968,245],{"id":244},[38,77970,77972],{"className":40,"code":77971,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list.sort(key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,77973,77974],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,77975,77976,77978,77980,77982,77984,77986,77988,77990,77992,77995,77997,77999],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77977,8270],{"class":53},[47,77979,914],{"class":77},[47,77981,34732],{"class":81},[47,77983,78],{"class":77},[47,77985,14776],{"class":9108},[47,77987,58],{"class":57},[47,77989,3713],{"class":571},[47,77991,668],{"class":77},[47,77993,77994],{"class":9108}," reverse",[47,77996,58],{"class":57},[47,77998,3609],{"class":571},[47,78000,85],{"class":77},[20,78002,78003],{},"Main arguments:",[185,78005,78006,78011,78017],{},[188,78007,78008,78010],{},[15,78009,14776],{}," lets you sort by a custom rule",[188,78012,78013,78016],{},[15,78014,78015],{},"reverse=True"," sorts in descending order",[188,78018,78019],{},"If no arguments are given, sorting is ascending",[20,78021,800],{},[38,78023,78025],{"className":40,"code":78024,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [4, 1, 7, 2]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78026,78027,78051,78069,78073],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,78028,78029,78031,78033,78035,78037,78039,78041,78043,78045,78047,78049],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,78030,3554],{"class":53},[47,78032,58],{"class":57},[47,78034,662],{"class":77},[47,78036,2451],{"class":61},[47,78038,668],{"class":77},[47,78040,5431],{"class":61},[47,78042,668],{"class":77},[47,78044,5928],{"class":61},[47,78046,668],{"class":77},[47,78048,671],{"class":61},[47,78050,679],{"class":77},[47,78052,78053,78055,78057,78059,78061,78063,78065,78067],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,78054,3584],{"class":53},[47,78056,914],{"class":77},[47,78058,34732],{"class":81},[47,78060,78],{"class":77},[47,78062,73503],{"class":9108},[47,78064,58],{"class":57},[47,78066,212],{"class":571},[47,78068,85],{"class":77},[47,78070,78071],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,78072,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,78074,78075,78077,78079,78081],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,78076,99],{"class":98},[47,78078,78],{"class":77},[47,78080,3584],{"class":81},[47,78082,85],{"class":77},[20,78084,129],{},[38,78086,78088],{"className":40,"code":78087,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[7, 4, 2, 1]\n",[15,78089,78090],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,78091,78092,78094,78096,78098,78100,78102,78104,78106,78108],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,78093,736],{"class":77},[47,78095,1984],{"class":61},[47,78097,668],{"class":77},[47,78099,2404],{"class":61},[47,78101,668],{"class":77},[47,78103,671],{"class":61},[47,78105,668],{"class":77},[47,78107,5431],{"class":61},[47,78109,679],{"class":77},[33,78111,78113],{"id":78112},"sort-numbers","Sort numbers",[20,78115,165,78116,78118],{},[15,78117,64239],{}," when you want to sort numbers in ascending order.",[38,78120,78122],{"className":40,"code":78121,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78123,78124,78148,78158,78162],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,78125,78126,78128,78130,78132,78134,78136,78138,78140,78142,78144,78146],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,78127,3554],{"class":53},[47,78129,58],{"class":57},[47,78131,662],{"class":77},[47,78133,193],{"class":61},[47,78135,668],{"class":77},[47,78137,676],{"class":61},[47,78139,668],{"class":77},[47,78141,6295],{"class":61},[47,78143,668],{"class":77},[47,78145,5431],{"class":61},[47,78147,679],{"class":77},[47,78149,78150,78152,78154,78156],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,78151,3584],{"class":53},[47,78153,914],{"class":77},[47,78155,34732],{"class":81},[47,78157,8574],{"class":77},[47,78159,78160],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,78161,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,78163,78164,78166,78168,78170],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,78165,99],{"class":98},[47,78167,78],{"class":77},[47,78169,3584],{"class":81},[47,78171,85],{"class":77},[20,78173,129],{},[38,78175,78177],{"className":40,"code":78176,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 3, 8, 10]\n",[15,78178,78179],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,78180,78181,78183,78185,78187,78189,78191,78193,78195,78197],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,78182,736],{"class":77},[47,78184,665],{"class":61},[47,78186,668],{"class":77},[47,78188,676],{"class":61},[47,78190,668],{"class":77},[47,78192,6295],{"class":61},[47,78194,668],{"class":77},[47,78196,5939],{"class":61},[47,78198,679],{"class":77},[20,78200,165,78201,78203],{},[15,78202,78015],{}," for descending order:",[38,78205,78207],{"className":40,"code":78206,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78208,78209,78233,78251,78255],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,78210,78211,78213,78215,78217,78219,78221,78223,78225,78227,78229,78231],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,78212,3554],{"class":53},[47,78214,58],{"class":57},[47,78216,662],{"class":77},[47,78218,193],{"class":61},[47,78220,668],{"class":77},[47,78222,676],{"class":61},[47,78224,668],{"class":77},[47,78226,6295],{"class":61},[47,78228,668],{"class":77},[47,78230,5431],{"class":61},[47,78232,679],{"class":77},[47,78234,78235,78237,78239,78241,78243,78245,78247,78249],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,78236,3584],{"class":53},[47,78238,914],{"class":77},[47,78240,34732],{"class":81},[47,78242,78],{"class":77},[47,78244,73503],{"class":9108},[47,78246,58],{"class":57},[47,78248,212],{"class":571},[47,78250,85],{"class":77},[47,78252,78253],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,78254,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,78256,78257,78259,78261,78263],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,78258,99],{"class":98},[47,78260,78],{"class":77},[47,78262,3584],{"class":81},[47,78264,85],{"class":77},[20,78266,129],{},[38,78268,78270],{"className":40,"code":78269,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[10, 8, 3, 1]\n",[15,78271,78272],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,78273,78274,78276,78278,78280,78282,78284,78286,78288,78290],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,78275,736],{"class":77},[47,78277,193],{"class":61},[47,78279,668],{"class":77},[47,78281,6295],{"class":61},[47,78283,668],{"class":77},[47,78285,676],{"class":61},[47,78287,668],{"class":77},[47,78289,5431],{"class":61},[47,78291,679],{"class":77},[20,78293,78294],{},"The important thing to remember is that the original list is updated after the method call.",[20,78296,78297,78298,914],{},"For a task-focused guide, read ",[360,78299,78301],{"href":78300},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to sort a list in Python",[33,78303,78305],{"id":78304},"sort-strings","Sort strings",[20,78307,78308],{},"Strings are sorted alphabetically by default.",[38,78310,78312],{"className":40,"code":78311,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78313,78314,78346,78356,78360],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,78315,78316,78318,78320,78322,78324,78326,78328,78330,78332,78334,78336,78338,78340,78342,78344],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,78317,4006],{"class":53},[47,78319,58],{"class":57},[47,78321,662],{"class":77},[47,78323,309],{"class":151},[47,78325,1434],{"class":155},[47,78327,309],{"class":151},[47,78329,668],{"class":77},[47,78331,303],{"class":151},[47,78333,1425],{"class":155},[47,78335,309],{"class":151},[47,78337,668],{"class":77},[47,78339,303],{"class":151},[47,78341,4031],{"class":155},[47,78343,309],{"class":151},[47,78345,679],{"class":77},[47,78347,78348,78350,78352,78354],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,78349,4048],{"class":53},[47,78351,914],{"class":77},[47,78353,34732],{"class":81},[47,78355,8574],{"class":77},[47,78357,78358],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,78359,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,78361,78362,78364,78366,78368],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,78363,99],{"class":98},[47,78365,78],{"class":77},[47,78367,4048],{"class":81},[47,78369,85],{"class":77},[20,78371,129],{},[38,78373,78375],{"className":40,"code":78374,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,78376,78377],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,78378,78379,78381,78383,78385,78387,78389,78391,78393,78395,78397,78399,78401,78403],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,78380,736],{"class":77},[47,78382,159],{"class":151},[47,78384,1425],{"class":155},[47,78386,159],{"class":151},[47,78388,668],{"class":77},[47,78390,152],{"class":151},[47,78392,1434],{"class":155},[47,78394,159],{"class":151},[47,78396,668],{"class":77},[47,78398,152],{"class":151},[47,78400,4031],{"class":155},[47,78402,159],{"class":151},[47,78404,679],{"class":77},[20,78406,78407],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters affect the result:",[38,78409,78411],{"className":40,"code":78410,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78412,78413,78445,78455,78459],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,78414,78415,78417,78419,78421,78423,78425,78427,78429,78431,78433,78435,78437,78439,78441,78443],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,78416,4006],{"class":53},[47,78418,58],{"class":57},[47,78420,662],{"class":77},[47,78422,309],{"class":151},[47,78424,1434],{"class":155},[47,78426,309],{"class":151},[47,78428,668],{"class":77},[47,78430,303],{"class":151},[47,78432,57695],{"class":155},[47,78434,309],{"class":151},[47,78436,668],{"class":77},[47,78438,303],{"class":151},[47,78440,4031],{"class":155},[47,78442,309],{"class":151},[47,78444,679],{"class":77},[47,78446,78447,78449,78451,78453],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,78448,4048],{"class":53},[47,78450,914],{"class":77},[47,78452,34732],{"class":81},[47,78454,8574],{"class":77},[47,78456,78457],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,78458,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,78460,78461,78463,78465,78467],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,78462,99],{"class":98},[47,78464,78],{"class":77},[47,78466,4048],{"class":81},[47,78468,85],{"class":77},[20,78470,129],{},[38,78472,78474],{"className":40,"code":78473,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['Apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,78475,78476],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,78477,78478,78480,78482,78484,78486,78488,78490,78492,78494,78496,78498,78500,78502],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,78479,736],{"class":77},[47,78481,159],{"class":151},[47,78483,57695],{"class":155},[47,78485,159],{"class":151},[47,78487,668],{"class":77},[47,78489,152],{"class":151},[47,78491,1434],{"class":155},[47,78493,159],{"class":151},[47,78495,668],{"class":77},[47,78497,152],{"class":151},[47,78499,4031],{"class":155},[47,78501,159],{"class":151},[47,78503,679],{"class":77},[20,78505,78506,78507,2826],{},"If you want case-insensitive sorting, use ",[15,78508,78509],{},"key=str.lower",[38,78511,78513],{"className":40,"code":78512,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78514,78515,78547,78569,78573],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,78516,78517,78519,78521,78523,78525,78527,78529,78531,78533,78535,78537,78539,78541,78543,78545],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,78518,4006],{"class":53},[47,78520,58],{"class":57},[47,78522,662],{"class":77},[47,78524,309],{"class":151},[47,78526,1434],{"class":155},[47,78528,309],{"class":151},[47,78530,668],{"class":77},[47,78532,303],{"class":151},[47,78534,57695],{"class":155},[47,78536,309],{"class":151},[47,78538,668],{"class":77},[47,78540,303],{"class":151},[47,78542,4031],{"class":155},[47,78544,309],{"class":151},[47,78546,679],{"class":77},[47,78548,78549,78551,78553,78555,78557,78559,78561,78563,78565,78567],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,78550,4048],{"class":53},[47,78552,914],{"class":77},[47,78554,34732],{"class":81},[47,78556,78],{"class":77},[47,78558,14776],{"class":9108},[47,78560,58],{"class":57},[47,78562,156],{"class":73},[47,78564,914],{"class":77},[47,78566,8571],{"class":24685},[47,78568,85],{"class":77},[47,78570,78571],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,78572,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,78574,78575,78577,78579,78581],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,78576,99],{"class":98},[47,78578,78],{"class":77},[47,78580,4048],{"class":81},[47,78582,85],{"class":77},[20,78584,129],{},[38,78586,78587],{"className":40,"code":78473,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,78588,78589],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,78590,78591,78593,78595,78597,78599,78601,78603,78605,78607,78609,78611,78613,78615],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,78592,736],{"class":77},[47,78594,159],{"class":151},[47,78596,57695],{"class":155},[47,78598,159],{"class":151},[47,78600,668],{"class":77},[47,78602,152],{"class":151},[47,78604,1434],{"class":155},[47,78606,159],{"class":151},[47,78608,668],{"class":77},[47,78610,152],{"class":151},[47,78612,4031],{"class":155},[47,78614,159],{"class":151},[47,78616,679],{"class":77},[20,78618,78619,78620,78623],{},"The original spelling stays the same. Python only uses ",[15,78621,78622],{},"str.lower"," as the sorting rule.",[33,78625,36546,78627,36549],{"id":78626},"using-the-key-argument",[15,78628,14776],{},[20,78630,1939,78631,78633],{},[15,78632,14776],{}," argument changes how each item is compared.",[20,78635,7275],{},[185,78637,78638,78643],{},[188,78639,78640,78642],{},[15,78641,11095],{}," to sort by length",[188,78644,78645,78647],{},[15,78646,78622],{}," to sort strings without case problems",[20,78649,78650],{},"Sort words by length:",[38,78652,78654],{"className":40,"code":78653,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"pear\", \"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78655,78656,78697,78715,78719],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,78657,78658,78660,78662,78664,78666,78669,78671,78673,78675,78677,78679,78681,78683,78685,78687,78689,78691,78693,78695],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,78659,4006],{"class":53},[47,78661,58],{"class":57},[47,78663,662],{"class":77},[47,78665,309],{"class":151},[47,78667,78668],{"class":155},"pear",[47,78670,309],{"class":151},[47,78672,668],{"class":77},[47,78674,303],{"class":151},[47,78676,1434],{"class":155},[47,78678,309],{"class":151},[47,78680,668],{"class":77},[47,78682,303],{"class":151},[47,78684,38293],{"class":155},[47,78686,309],{"class":151},[47,78688,668],{"class":77},[47,78690,303],{"class":151},[47,78692,1425],{"class":155},[47,78694,309],{"class":151},[47,78696,679],{"class":77},[47,78698,78699,78701,78703,78705,78707,78709,78711,78713],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,78700,4048],{"class":53},[47,78702,914],{"class":77},[47,78704,34732],{"class":81},[47,78706,78],{"class":77},[47,78708,14776],{"class":9108},[47,78710,58],{"class":57},[47,78712,11095],{"class":98},[47,78714,85],{"class":77},[47,78716,78717],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,78718,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,78720,78721,78723,78725,78727],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,78722,99],{"class":98},[47,78724,78],{"class":77},[47,78726,4048],{"class":81},[47,78728,85],{"class":77},[20,78730,129],{},[38,78732,78734],{"className":40,"code":78733,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['fig', 'pear', 'apple', 'banana']\n",[15,78735,78736],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,78737,78738,78740,78742,78744,78746,78748,78750,78752,78754,78756,78758,78760,78762,78764,78766,78768,78770],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,78739,736],{"class":77},[47,78741,159],{"class":151},[47,78743,38293],{"class":155},[47,78745,159],{"class":151},[47,78747,668],{"class":77},[47,78749,152],{"class":151},[47,78751,78668],{"class":155},[47,78753,159],{"class":151},[47,78755,668],{"class":77},[47,78757,152],{"class":151},[47,78759,1425],{"class":155},[47,78761,159],{"class":151},[47,78763,668],{"class":77},[47,78765,152],{"class":151},[47,78767,1434],{"class":155},[47,78769,159],{"class":151},[47,78771,679],{"class":77},[20,78773,78774],{},"Sort strings without case sensitivity:",[38,78776,78778],{"className":40,"code":78777,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"Bob\", \"alice\", \"Carol\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78779,78780,78813,78835,78839],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,78781,78782,78784,78786,78788,78790,78792,78794,78796,78798,78800,78802,78804,78806,78809,78811],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,78783,4006],{"class":53},[47,78785,58],{"class":57},[47,78787,662],{"class":77},[47,78789,309],{"class":151},[47,78791,4947],{"class":155},[47,78793,309],{"class":151},[47,78795,668],{"class":77},[47,78797,303],{"class":151},[47,78799,17738],{"class":155},[47,78801,309],{"class":151},[47,78803,668],{"class":77},[47,78805,303],{"class":151},[47,78807,78808],{"class":155},"Carol",[47,78810,309],{"class":151},[47,78812,679],{"class":77},[47,78814,78815,78817,78819,78821,78823,78825,78827,78829,78831,78833],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,78816,4048],{"class":53},[47,78818,914],{"class":77},[47,78820,34732],{"class":81},[47,78822,78],{"class":77},[47,78824,14776],{"class":9108},[47,78826,58],{"class":57},[47,78828,156],{"class":73},[47,78830,914],{"class":77},[47,78832,8571],{"class":24685},[47,78834,85],{"class":77},[47,78836,78837],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,78838,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,78840,78841,78843,78845,78847],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,78842,99],{"class":98},[47,78844,78],{"class":77},[47,78846,4048],{"class":81},[47,78848,85],{"class":77},[20,78850,129],{},[38,78852,78854],{"className":40,"code":78853,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['alice', 'Bob', 'Carol']\n",[15,78855,78856],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,78857,78858,78860,78862,78864,78866,78868,78870,78872,78874,78876,78878,78880,78882],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,78859,736],{"class":77},[47,78861,159],{"class":151},[47,78863,17738],{"class":155},[47,78865,159],{"class":151},[47,78867,668],{"class":77},[47,78869,152],{"class":151},[47,78871,4947],{"class":155},[47,78873,159],{"class":151},[47,78875,668],{"class":77},[47,78877,152],{"class":151},[47,78879,78808],{"class":155},[47,78881,159],{"class":151},[47,78883,679],{"class":77},[20,78885,1939,78886,78888],{},[15,78887,14776],{}," argument is especially useful when the default alphabetical or numeric order is not what you want.",[33,78890,78892,920,78894],{"id":78891},"listsort-vs-sorted",[15,78893,77791],{},[15,78895,74350],{},[20,78897,78898,4329,78900,78902],{},[15,78899,77791],{},[15,78901,74350],{}," both sort data, but they work differently.",[20,78904,78905,2826],{},[15,78906,77791],{},[185,78908,78909,78912],{},[188,78910,78911],{},"Changes the existing list",[188,78913,11358,78914],{},[15,78915,3713],{},[20,78917,78918,2826],{},[15,78919,74350],{},[185,78921,78922,78925],{},[188,78923,78924],{},"Returns a new sorted list",[188,78926,78927],{},"Leaves the original unchanged",[20,78929,800],{},[38,78931,78933],{"className":40,"code":78932,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(new_list)\n",[15,78934,78935,78955,78959,78973,78977,78987],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,78936,78937,78939,78941,78943,78945,78947,78949,78951,78953],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,78938,3554],{"class":53},[47,78940,58],{"class":57},[47,78942,662],{"class":77},[47,78944,2021],{"class":61},[47,78946,668],{"class":77},[47,78948,5431],{"class":61},[47,78950,668],{"class":77},[47,78952,671],{"class":61},[47,78954,679],{"class":77},[47,78956,78957],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,78958,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,78960,78961,78963,78965,78967,78969,78971],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,78962,55817],{"class":53},[47,78964,58],{"class":57},[47,78966,74484],{"class":98},[47,78968,78],{"class":77},[47,78970,3584],{"class":81},[47,78972,85],{"class":77},[47,78974,78975],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,78976,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,78978,78979,78981,78983,78985],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,78980,99],{"class":98},[47,78982,78],{"class":77},[47,78984,3584],{"class":81},[47,78986,85],{"class":77},[47,78988,78989,78991,78993,78995],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,78990,99],{"class":98},[47,78992,78],{"class":77},[47,78994,74207],{"class":81},[47,78996,85],{"class":77},[20,78998,129],{},[38,79000,79001],{"className":40,"code":74519,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,79002,79003,79019],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,79004,79005,79007,79009,79011,79013,79015,79017],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,79006,736],{"class":77},[47,79008,2021],{"class":61},[47,79010,668],{"class":77},[47,79012,5431],{"class":61},[47,79014,668],{"class":77},[47,79016,671],{"class":61},[47,79018,679],{"class":77},[47,79020,79021,79023,79025,79027,79029,79031,79033],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,79022,736],{"class":77},[47,79024,665],{"class":61},[47,79026,668],{"class":77},[47,79028,671],{"class":61},[47,79030,668],{"class":77},[47,79032,676],{"class":61},[47,79034,679],{"class":77},[20,79036,165,79037,79039],{},[15,79038,74350],{}," when you want to keep the original list unchanged.",[20,79041,79042,79043,4329,79047,914],{},"You can learn more in ",[360,79044,13,79045,5717],{"href":74447},[15,79046,74350],{},[360,79048,79050],{"href":79049},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","sorted() vs list.sort() explained",[33,79052,2775],{"id":2774},[20,79054,79055,79056,914],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,79057,77791],{},[373,79059,12528,79061],{"id":79060},"assigning-the-result-of-sort",[15,79062,64239],{},[20,79064,25624],{},[38,79066,79068],{"className":40,"code":79067,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,79069,79070,79090,79104,79108,79118],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,79071,79072,79074,79076,79078,79080,79082,79084,79086,79088],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,79073,3554],{"class":53},[47,79075,58],{"class":57},[47,79077,662],{"class":77},[47,79079,2021],{"class":61},[47,79081,668],{"class":77},[47,79083,5431],{"class":61},[47,79085,668],{"class":77},[47,79087,671],{"class":61},[47,79089,679],{"class":77},[47,79091,79092,79094,79096,79098,79100,79102],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,79093,2184],{"class":53},[47,79095,58],{"class":57},[47,79097,4198],{"class":53},[47,79099,914],{"class":77},[47,79101,34732],{"class":81},[47,79103,8574],{"class":77},[47,79105,79106],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,79107,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,79109,79110,79112,79114,79116],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,79111,99],{"class":98},[47,79113,78],{"class":77},[47,79115,2218],{"class":81},[47,79117,85],{"class":77},[47,79119,79120,79122,79124,79126],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,79121,99],{"class":98},[47,79123,78],{"class":77},[47,79125,3584],{"class":81},[47,79127,85],{"class":77},[20,79129,129],{},[38,79131,79133],{"className":40,"code":79132,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"None\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,79134,79135,79139],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,79136,79137],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,79138,11742],{"class":571},[47,79140,79141,79143,79145,79147,79149,79151,79153],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,79142,736],{"class":77},[47,79144,665],{"class":61},[47,79146,668],{"class":77},[47,79148,671],{"class":61},[47,79150,668],{"class":77},[47,79152,676],{"class":61},[47,79154,679],{"class":77},[20,79156,79157,79159,79160,914],{},[15,79158,64239],{}," does not return the sorted list. It returns ",[15,79161,3713],{},[20,79163,79164,79165,6565],{},"If you want a new list, use ",[15,79166,74350],{},[373,79168,79170],{"id":79169},"sorting-mixed-types","Sorting mixed types",[20,79172,79173],{},"Python cannot always compare different types directly.",[38,79175,79177],{"className":40,"code":79176,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [1, \"two\", 3]\nitems.sort()\n",[15,79178,79179,79204],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,79180,79181,79183,79185,79187,79189,79191,79193,79196,79198,79200,79202],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,79182,657],{"class":53},[47,79184,58],{"class":57},[47,79186,662],{"class":77},[47,79188,665],{"class":61},[47,79190,668],{"class":77},[47,79192,303],{"class":151},[47,79194,79195],{"class":155},"two",[47,79197,309],{"class":151},[47,79199,668],{"class":77},[47,79201,676],{"class":61},[47,79203,679],{"class":77},[47,79205,79206,79208,79210,79212],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,79207,692],{"class":53},[47,79209,914],{"class":77},[47,79211,34732],{"class":81},[47,79213,8574],{"class":77},[20,79215,2944,79216,79218],{},[15,79217,2947],{}," because Python cannot sort integers and strings together by default.",[373,79220,4639,79222,79224],{"id":79221},"forgetting-that-sort-only-works-on-lists",[15,79223,64239],{}," only works on lists",[20,79226,79227,79229],{},[15,79228,64239],{}," is a list method. It does not work directly on tuples or strings.",[20,79231,16579],{},[38,79233,79235],{"className":40,"code":79234,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"python\"\ntext.sort()\n",[15,79236,79237,79249],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,79238,79239,79241,79243,79245,79247],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,79240,68],{"class":53},[47,79242,58],{"class":57},[47,79244,303],{"class":151},[47,79246,42],{"class":155},[47,79248,820],{"class":151},[47,79250,79251,79253,79255,79257],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,79252,104],{"class":53},[47,79254,914],{"class":77},[47,79256,34732],{"class":81},[47,79258,8574],{"class":77},[20,79260,79261,79262,33534],{},"Strings do not have a ",[15,79263,64239],{},[20,79265,79266],{},"If needed, convert the data first:",[38,79268,79270],{"className":40,"code":79269,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = list(\"python\")\nletters.sort()\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,79271,79272,79290,79300,79304],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,79273,79274,79276,79278,79280,79282,79284,79286,79288],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,79275,36024],{"class":53},[47,79277,58],{"class":57},[47,79279,22494],{"class":73},[47,79281,78],{"class":77},[47,79283,309],{"class":151},[47,79285,42],{"class":155},[47,79287,309],{"class":151},[47,79289,85],{"class":77},[47,79291,79292,79294,79296,79298],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,79293,36077],{"class":53},[47,79295,914],{"class":77},[47,79297,34732],{"class":81},[47,79299,8574],{"class":77},[47,79301,79302],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,79303,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,79305,79306,79308,79310,79312],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,79307,99],{"class":98},[47,79309,78],{"class":77},[47,79311,36077],{"class":81},[47,79313,85],{"class":77},[20,79315,129],{},[38,79317,79319],{"className":40,"code":79318,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['h', 'n', 'o', 'p', 't', 'y']\n",[15,79320,79321],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,79322,79323,79325,79327,79329,79331,79333,79335,79337,79339,79341,79343,79345,79347,79349,79351,79353,79355,79357,79359,79361,79363,79365,79367,79369,79371],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,79324,736],{"class":77},[47,79326,159],{"class":151},[47,79328,60366],{"class":155},[47,79330,159],{"class":151},[47,79332,668],{"class":77},[47,79334,152],{"class":151},[47,79336,75954],{"class":155},[47,79338,159],{"class":151},[47,79340,668],{"class":77},[47,79342,152],{"class":151},[47,79344,60401],{"class":155},[47,79346,159],{"class":151},[47,79348,668],{"class":77},[47,79350,152],{"class":151},[47,79352,20],{"class":155},[47,79354,159],{"class":151},[47,79356,668],{"class":77},[47,79358,152],{"class":151},[47,79360,63214],{"class":155},[47,79362,159],{"class":151},[47,79364,668],{"class":77},[47,79366,152],{"class":151},[47,79368,11679],{"class":155},[47,79370,159],{"class":151},[47,79372,679],{"class":77},[373,79374,79376,79377,79379],{"id":79375},"not-using-key-when-custom-sorting-is-needed","Not using ",[15,79378,14776],{}," when custom sorting is needed",[20,79381,79382,79383,914],{},"If the default order is not correct for your problem, you may need ",[15,79384,14776],{},[20,79386,79387,79388,79390],{},"For example, if you want to sort words by length, plain ",[15,79389,64239],{}," will not do that:",[38,79392,79394],{"className":40,"code":79393,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79395,79396,79428,79446,79450],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,79397,79398,79400,79402,79404,79406,79408,79410,79412,79414,79416,79418,79420,79422,79424,79426],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,79399,4006],{"class":53},[47,79401,58],{"class":57},[47,79403,662],{"class":77},[47,79405,309],{"class":151},[47,79407,1434],{"class":155},[47,79409,309],{"class":151},[47,79411,668],{"class":77},[47,79413,303],{"class":151},[47,79415,38293],{"class":155},[47,79417,309],{"class":151},[47,79419,668],{"class":77},[47,79421,303],{"class":151},[47,79423,1425],{"class":155},[47,79425,309],{"class":151},[47,79427,679],{"class":77},[47,79429,79430,79432,79434,79436,79438,79440,79442,79444],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,79431,4048],{"class":53},[47,79433,914],{"class":77},[47,79435,34732],{"class":81},[47,79437,78],{"class":77},[47,79439,14776],{"class":9108},[47,79441,58],{"class":57},[47,79443,11095],{"class":98},[47,79445,85],{"class":77},[47,79447,79448],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,79449,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,79451,79452,79454,79456,79458],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,79453,99],{"class":98},[47,79455,78],{"class":77},[47,79457,4048],{"class":81},[47,79459,85],{"class":77},[373,79461,79463],{"id":79462},"unexpected-string-order-because-of-uppercase-letters","Unexpected string order because of uppercase letters",[20,79465,79466],{},"This often surprises beginners:",[38,79468,79470],{"className":40,"code":79469,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79471,79472,79506,79516,79520],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,79473,79474,79476,79478,79480,79482,79485,79487,79489,79491,79493,79495,79497,79499,79502,79504],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,79475,4006],{"class":53},[47,79477,58],{"class":57},[47,79479,662],{"class":77},[47,79481,309],{"class":151},[47,79483,79484],{"class":155},"zebra",[47,79486,309],{"class":151},[47,79488,668],{"class":77},[47,79490,303],{"class":151},[47,79492,57695],{"class":155},[47,79494,309],{"class":151},[47,79496,668],{"class":77},[47,79498,303],{"class":151},[47,79500,79501],{"class":155},"monkey",[47,79503,309],{"class":151},[47,79505,679],{"class":77},[47,79507,79508,79510,79512,79514],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,79509,4048],{"class":53},[47,79511,914],{"class":77},[47,79513,34732],{"class":81},[47,79515,8574],{"class":77},[47,79517,79518],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,79519,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,79521,79522,79524,79526,79528],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,79523,99],{"class":98},[47,79525,78],{"class":77},[47,79527,4048],{"class":81},[47,79529,85],{"class":77},[20,79531,129],{},[38,79533,79535],{"className":40,"code":79534,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['Apple', 'monkey', 'zebra']\n",[15,79536,79537],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,79538,79539,79541,79543,79545,79547,79549,79551,79553,79555,79557,79559,79561,79563],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,79540,736],{"class":77},[47,79542,159],{"class":151},[47,79544,57695],{"class":155},[47,79546,159],{"class":151},[47,79548,668],{"class":77},[47,79550,152],{"class":151},[47,79552,79501],{"class":155},[47,79554,159],{"class":151},[47,79556,668],{"class":77},[47,79558,152],{"class":151},[47,79560,79484],{"class":155},[47,79562,159],{"class":151},[47,79564,679],{"class":77},[20,79566,165,79567,79569],{},[15,79568,78509],{}," if you want case-insensitive sorting.",[373,79571,60638],{"id":60637},[20,79573,79574],{},"If sorting is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[38,79576,79578],{"className":40,"code":79577,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.sort())\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nprint([type(item) for item in my_list])\n",[15,79579,79580,79590,79604,79618,79632],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,79581,79582,79584,79586,79588],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,79583,99],{"class":98},[47,79585,78],{"class":77},[47,79587,8270],{"class":81},[47,79589,85],{"class":77},[47,79591,79592,79594,79596,79598,79600,79602],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,79593,99],{"class":98},[47,79595,78],{"class":77},[47,79597,116],{"class":73},[47,79599,78],{"class":77},[47,79601,8270],{"class":81},[47,79603,123],{"class":77},[47,79605,79606,79608,79610,79612,79614,79616],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,79607,99],{"class":98},[47,79609,78],{"class":77},[47,79611,8270],{"class":81},[47,79613,914],{"class":77},[47,79615,34732],{"class":81},[47,79617,7127],{"class":77},[47,79619,79620,79622,79624,79626,79628,79630],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,79621,99],{"class":98},[47,79623,78],{"class":77},[47,79625,74440],{"class":98},[47,79627,78],{"class":77},[47,79629,8270],{"class":81},[47,79631,123],{"class":77},[47,79633,79634,79636,79638,79640,79642,79644,79646,79648,79650,79652,79654],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,79635,99],{"class":98},[47,79637,2928],{"class":77},[47,79639,116],{"class":73},[47,79641,78],{"class":77},[47,79643,23245],{"class":81},[47,79645,862],{"class":77},[47,79647,3813],{"class":3812},[47,79649,5895],{"class":81},[47,79651,3819],{"class":3812},[47,79653,8327],{"class":81},[47,79655,3825],{"class":77},[20,79657,11104],{},[185,79659,79660,79663,79666,79673,79679],{},[188,79661,79662],{},"What values are in the list",[188,79664,79665],{},"Whether the object is really a list",[188,79667,79668,79669,2346,79671],{},"That ",[15,79670,64239],{},[15,79672,3713],{},[188,79674,79675,79676,79678],{},"Whether ",[15,79677,74350],{}," works better for your case",[188,79680,79681],{},"Whether the list contains mixed data types",[20,79683,79684,79685,79687],{},"If your problem is caused by incompatible values, see a guide for fixing sorting-related ",[15,79686,2947],{}," problems.",[33,79689,1762],{"id":1761},[373,79691,1776,79693,55396],{"id":79692},"does-listsort-return-a-new-list",[15,79694,77791],{},[20,79696,62530,79697,914],{},[15,79698,3713],{},[373,79700,5111,79702,4329,79704,1812],{"id":79701},"what-is-the-difference-between-sort-and-sorted",[15,79703,64239],{},[15,79705,74350],{},[20,79707,79708,79710,79711,79713],{},[15,79709,64239],{}," changes the list itself. ",[15,79712,74350],{}," creates and returns a new sorted list.",[373,79715,79717],{"id":79716},"how-do-i-sort-in-reverse-order","How do I sort in reverse order?",[20,79719,18630],{},[38,79721,79723],{"className":40,"code":79722,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list.sort(reverse=True)\n",[15,79724,79725],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,79726,79727,79729,79731,79733,79735,79737,79739,79741],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,79728,8270],{"class":53},[47,79730,914],{"class":77},[47,79732,34732],{"class":81},[47,79734,78],{"class":77},[47,79736,73503],{"class":9108},[47,79738,58],{"class":57},[47,79740,212],{"class":571},[47,79742,85],{"class":77},[373,79744,79746],{"id":79745},"how-do-i-sort-strings-without-case-problems","How do I sort strings without case problems?",[20,79748,18630],{},[38,79750,79752],{"className":40,"code":79751,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list.sort(key=str.lower)\n",[15,79753,79754],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,79755,79756,79758,79760,79762,79764,79766,79768,79770,79772,79774],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,79757,8270],{"class":53},[47,79759,914],{"class":77},[47,79761,34732],{"class":81},[47,79763,78],{"class":77},[47,79765,14776],{"class":9108},[47,79767,58],{"class":57},[47,79769,156],{"class":73},[47,79771,914],{"class":77},[47,79773,8571],{"class":24685},[47,79775,85],{"class":77},[20,79777,79778],{},"This sorts in a case-insensitive way.",[373,79780,79782,79783,79785],{"id":79781},"why-do-i-get-a-typeerror-when-sorting","Why do I get a ",[15,79784,2947],{}," when sorting?",[20,79787,79788],{},"Your list may contain values that Python cannot compare directly, such as strings and integers together.",[33,79790,1825],{"id":1824},[185,79792,79793,79798,79804,79808],{},[188,79794,79795],{},[360,79796,79797],{"href":78300},"How to sort a list in Python",[188,79799,79800],{},[360,79801,13,79802,5717],{"href":74447},[15,79803,74350],{},[188,79805,79806],{},[360,79807,67004],{"href":50905},[188,79809,79810],{},[360,79811,79050],{"href":79049},[1875,79813,79814],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":65,"depth":65,"links":79816},[79817,79818,79820,79821,79822,79823,79825,79827,79838,79848],{"id":35,"depth":65,"text":36},{"id":77857,"depth":65,"text":79819},"What list.sort() does",{"id":244,"depth":65,"text":245},{"id":78112,"depth":65,"text":78113},{"id":78304,"depth":65,"text":78305},{"id":78626,"depth":65,"text":79824},"Using the key argument",{"id":78891,"depth":65,"text":79826},"list.sort() vs sorted()",{"id":2774,"depth":65,"text":2775,"children":79828},[79829,79831,79832,79834,79836,79837],{"id":79060,"depth":88,"text":79830},"Assigning the result of sort()",{"id":79169,"depth":88,"text":79170},{"id":79221,"depth":88,"text":79833},"Forgetting that sort() only works on lists",{"id":79375,"depth":88,"text":79835},"Not using key when custom sorting is needed",{"id":79462,"depth":88,"text":79463},{"id":60637,"depth":88,"text":60638},{"id":1761,"depth":65,"text":1762,"children":79839},[79840,79842,79844,79845,79846],{"id":79692,"depth":88,"text":79841},"Does list.sort() return a new list?",{"id":79701,"depth":88,"text":79843},"What is the difference between sort() and sorted()?",{"id":79716,"depth":88,"text":79717},{"id":79745,"depth":88,"text":79746},{"id":79781,"depth":88,"text":79847},"Why do I get a TypeError when sorting?",{"id":1824,"depth":65,"text":1825},"Master python list sort method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method",{"title":77779,"description":79849},"reference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method","nuiIwWy1KS8_euTEqMoYpg2B6j3JT08NKrBSVKMUQzs",{"id":79856,"title":79857,"body":79858,"description":82489,"extension":1922,"meta":82490,"navigation":91,"path":82491,"seo":82492,"stem":82493,"__hash__":82494},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained.md","Python map() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":79859,"toc":82448},[79860,79865,79870,79873,79884,79887,79907,79909,79971,79973,80014,80023,80028,80033,80039,80050,80052,80071,80074,80079,80084,80086,80091,80105,80107,80125,80128,80145,80148,80154,80177,80182,80184,80187,80248,80250,80283,80285,80324,80332,80342,80348,80353,80446,80448,80472,80474,80492,80495,80526,80532,80537,80540,80542,80667,80669,80693,80695,80714,80720,80726,80845,80847,80864,80871,80877,80882,80889,80895,80897,80954,80957,80978,80981,80984,81045,81047,81080,81084,81154,81156,81173,81177,81180,81255,81257,81294,81297,81300,81371,81373,81434,81439,81444,81447,81461,81463,81536,81538,81558,81561,81564,81621,81683,81686,81718,81721,81736,81741,81743,81749,81752,81808,81811,81813,81832,81836,81838,81882,81891,81893,81953,81957,81960,81962,82055,82057,82172,82176,82178,82252,82255,82258,82260,82265,82330,82332,82356,82366,82368,82374,82383,82392,82401,82407,82410,82414,82417,82419,82445],[10,79861,13,79863,18],{"id":79862},"python-map-function-explained",[15,79864,39652],{},[20,79866,3518,79867,79869],{},[15,79868,39652],{}," function applies the same function to each item in an iterable.",[20,79871,79872],{},"This is useful when you want to transform data, such as:",[185,79874,79875,79878,79881],{},[188,79876,79877],{},"converting numbers to strings",[188,79879,79880],{},"changing strings to integers",[188,79882,79883],{},"doubling every value in a list",[20,79885,79886],{},"The main thing beginners need to know is this:",[185,79888,79889,79896,79902],{},[188,79890,79891,13989,79893,79895],{},[15,79892,39652],{},[127,79894,768],{}," return a list in Python 3",[188,79897,79898,79899],{},"it returns a ",[127,79900,79901],{},"map object",[188,79903,79904,79905],{},"you often convert that result with ",[15,79906,24716],{},[33,79908,36],{"id":35},[38,79910,79912],{"className":40,"code":79911,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,79913,79914,79938,79957],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,79915,79916,79918,79920,79922,79924,79926,79928,79930,79932,79934,79936],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,79917,3554],{"class":53},[47,79919,58],{"class":57},[47,79921,662],{"class":77},[47,79923,665],{"class":61},[47,79925,668],{"class":77},[47,79927,671],{"class":61},[47,79929,668],{"class":77},[47,79931,676],{"class":61},[47,79933,668],{"class":77},[47,79935,2404],{"class":61},[47,79937,679],{"class":77},[47,79939,79940,79942,79944,79947,79949,79951,79953,79955],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,79941,2184],{"class":53},[47,79943,58],{"class":57},[47,79945,79946],{"class":98}," map",[47,79948,78],{"class":77},[47,79950,156],{"class":73},[47,79952,668],{"class":77},[47,79954,4198],{"class":81},[47,79956,85],{"class":77},[47,79958,79959,79961,79963,79965,79967,79969],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,79960,99],{"class":98},[47,79962,78],{"class":77},[47,79964,8025],{"class":73},[47,79966,78],{"class":77},[47,79968,2218],{"class":81},[47,79970,123],{"class":77},[20,79972,129],{},[38,79974,79976],{"className":40,"code":79975,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['1', '2', '3', '4']\n",[15,79977,79978],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,79979,79980,79982,79984,79986,79988,79990,79992,79994,79996,79998,80000,80002,80004,80006,80008,80010,80012],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,79981,736],{"class":77},[47,79983,159],{"class":151},[47,79985,665],{"class":155},[47,79987,159],{"class":151},[47,79989,668],{"class":77},[47,79991,152],{"class":151},[47,79993,2016],{"class":155},[47,79995,159],{"class":151},[47,79997,668],{"class":77},[47,79999,152],{"class":151},[47,80001,2021],{"class":155},[47,80003,159],{"class":151},[47,80005,668],{"class":77},[47,80007,152],{"class":151},[47,80009,2451],{"class":155},[47,80011,159],{"class":151},[47,80013,679],{"class":77},[20,80015,165,80016,80019,80020,80022],{},[15,80017,80018],{},"map(function, iterable)"," to apply the same function to each item. Convert the result to ",[15,80021,24716],{}," if you want to see all mapped values at once.",[33,80024,172,80026,175],{"id":80025},"what-map-does",[15,80027,39652],{},[20,80029,80030,80032],{},[15,80031,39652],{}," applies a function to each item in an iterable.",[20,80034,80035,80036,80038],{},"An ",[127,80037,3655],{}," is something you can loop over, such as:",[185,80040,80041,80043,80045,80047],{},[188,80042,37836],{},[188,80044,37839],{},[188,80046,37842],{},[188,80048,80049],{},"a range object",[20,80051,30659],{},[38,80053,80055],{"className":40,"code":80054,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"map(function, iterable)\n",[15,80056,80057],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,80058,80059,80061,80063,80065,80067,80069],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,80060,39795],{"class":98},[47,80062,78],{"class":77},[47,80064,37795],{"class":81},[47,80066,668],{"class":77},[47,80068,37800],{"class":81},[47,80070,85],{"class":77},[20,80072,80073],{},"For each item in the iterable, Python calls the function and produces a new value.",[20,80075,80076,80077,33675],{},"Important: the result is a ",[127,80078,79901],{},[20,80080,80081,80082,914],{},"If you want to understand iterables better, see ",[360,80083,5070],{"href":5069},[33,80085,245],{"id":244},[20,80087,80088,80090],{},[15,80089,39652],{}," needs at least two parts:",[185,80092,80093,80099],{},[188,80094,80095,80098],{},[127,80096,80097],{},"Function",": the function to run on each item",[188,80100,80101,80104],{},[127,80102,80103],{},"Iterable",": the values to process",[20,80106,3640],{},[38,80108,80109],{"className":40,"code":80054,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,80110,80111],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,80112,80113,80115,80117,80119,80121,80123],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,80114,39795],{"class":98},[47,80116,78],{"class":77},[47,80118,37795],{"class":81},[47,80120,668],{"class":77},[47,80122,37800],{"class":81},[47,80124,85],{"class":77},[20,80126,80127],{},"You can pass:",[185,80129,80130,80139,80142],{},[188,80131,80132,80133,1752,80135,2148,80137],{},"built-in functions like ",[15,80134,156],{},[15,80136,1050],{},[15,80138,1976],{},[188,80140,80141],{},"your own custom function",[188,80143,80144],{},"a lambda function for short one-line logic",[20,80146,80147],{},"If you are new to lambda functions, see lambda functions in Python explained.",[20,80149,80150,80151,80153],{},"You will often see ",[15,80152,39652],{}," used like this:",[38,80155,80157],{"className":40,"code":80156,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"list(map(function, values))\n",[15,80158,80159],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,80160,80161,80163,80165,80167,80169,80171,80173,80175],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,80162,8025],{"class":73},[47,80164,78],{"class":77},[47,80166,39795],{"class":98},[47,80168,78],{"class":77},[47,80170,37795],{"class":81},[47,80172,668],{"class":77},[47,80174,3822],{"class":81},[47,80176,123],{"class":77},[20,80178,6610,80179,80181],{},[15,80180,24716],{}," turns the map object into a normal list you can print or reuse.",[33,80183,11409],{"id":11408},[20,80185,80186],{},"Here is a simple example that converts numbers to strings:",[38,80188,80190],{"className":40,"code":80189,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80191,80192,80212,80230,80234],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,80193,80194,80196,80198,80200,80202,80204,80206,80208,80210],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,80195,3554],{"class":53},[47,80197,58],{"class":57},[47,80199,662],{"class":77},[47,80201,193],{"class":61},[47,80203,668],{"class":77},[47,80205,7722],{"class":61},[47,80207,668],{"class":77},[47,80209,7727],{"class":61},[47,80211,679],{"class":77},[47,80213,80214,80216,80218,80220,80222,80224,80226,80228],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,80215,2184],{"class":53},[47,80217,58],{"class":57},[47,80219,79946],{"class":98},[47,80221,78],{"class":77},[47,80223,156],{"class":73},[47,80225,668],{"class":77},[47,80227,4198],{"class":81},[47,80229,85],{"class":77},[47,80231,80232],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,80233,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,80235,80236,80238,80240,80242,80244,80246],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,80237,99],{"class":98},[47,80239,78],{"class":77},[47,80241,8025],{"class":73},[47,80243,78],{"class":77},[47,80245,2218],{"class":81},[47,80247,123],{"class":77},[20,80249,129],{},[38,80251,80253],{"className":40,"code":80252,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['10', '20', '30']\n",[15,80254,80255],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,80256,80257,80259,80261,80263,80265,80267,80269,80271,80273,80275,80277,80279,80281],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,80258,736],{"class":77},[47,80260,159],{"class":151},[47,80262,193],{"class":155},[47,80264,159],{"class":151},[47,80266,668],{"class":77},[47,80268,152],{"class":151},[47,80270,15689],{"class":155},[47,80272,159],{"class":151},[47,80274,668],{"class":77},[47,80276,152],{"class":151},[47,80278,36775],{"class":155},[47,80280,159],{"class":151},[47,80282,679],{"class":77},[20,80284,11617],{},[185,80286,80287,80292,80300,80308,80316],{},[188,80288,80289,80291],{},[15,80290,3584],{}," contains integers",[188,80293,80294,80297,80298],{},[15,80295,80296],{},"map(str, numbers)"," passes each number to ",[15,80299,17],{},[188,80301,80302,194,80305],{},[15,80303,80304],{},"str(10)",[15,80306,80307],{},"'10'",[188,80309,80310,194,80313],{},[15,80311,80312],{},"str(20)",[15,80314,80315],{},"'20'",[188,80317,80318,194,80321],{},[15,80319,80320],{},"str(30)",[15,80322,80323],{},"'30'",[20,80325,53580,80326,80328,80329,80331],{},[15,80327,39652],{}," applies ",[15,80330,17],{}," one item at a time.",[20,80333,80334,80335,80337,80338,914],{},"If you want to understand ",[15,80336,24716],{}," better, see ",[360,80339,13,80340,1834],{"href":64774},[15,80341,24716],{},[33,80343,1335,80345,80347],{"id":80344},"using-map-with-your-own-function",[15,80346,39652],{}," with your own function",[20,80349,15649,80350,80352],{},[15,80351,39652],{}," with a function you define yourself.",[38,80354,80356],{"className":40,"code":80355,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"def double(x):\n    return x * 2\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(double, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80357,80358,80371,80381,80385,80409,80428,80432],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,80359,80360,80362,80365,80367,80369],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,80361,34784],{"class":147},[47,80363,80364],{"class":34787}," double",[47,80366,78],{"class":77},[47,80368,2131],{"class":37597},[47,80370,8273],{"class":77},[47,80372,80373,80375,80377,80379],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,80374,34795],{"class":3812},[47,80376,3816],{"class":53},[47,80378,39808],{"class":57},[47,80380,45520],{"class":61},[47,80382,80383],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,80384,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,80386,80387,80389,80391,80393,80395,80397,80399,80401,80403,80405,80407],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,80388,3554],{"class":53},[47,80390,58],{"class":57},[47,80392,662],{"class":77},[47,80394,665],{"class":61},[47,80396,668],{"class":77},[47,80398,671],{"class":61},[47,80400,668],{"class":77},[47,80402,676],{"class":61},[47,80404,668],{"class":77},[47,80406,2404],{"class":61},[47,80408,679],{"class":77},[47,80410,80411,80413,80415,80417,80419,80422,80424,80426],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,80412,2184],{"class":53},[47,80414,58],{"class":57},[47,80416,79946],{"class":98},[47,80418,78],{"class":77},[47,80420,80421],{"class":81},"double",[47,80423,668],{"class":77},[47,80425,4198],{"class":81},[47,80427,85],{"class":77},[47,80429,80430],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,80431,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,80433,80434,80436,80438,80440,80442,80444],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,80435,99],{"class":98},[47,80437,78],{"class":77},[47,80439,8025],{"class":73},[47,80441,78],{"class":77},[47,80443,2218],{"class":81},[47,80445,123],{"class":77},[20,80447,129],{},[38,80449,80450],{"className":40,"code":39821,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,80451,80452],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,80453,80454,80456,80458,80460,80462,80464,80466,80468,80470],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,80455,736],{"class":77},[47,80457,2016],{"class":61},[47,80459,668],{"class":77},[47,80461,2404],{"class":61},[47,80463,668],{"class":77},[47,80465,37578],{"class":61},[47,80467,668],{"class":77},[47,80469,6295],{"class":61},[47,80471,679],{"class":77},[20,80473,65511],{},[185,80475,80476,80483,80489],{},[188,80477,80478,80480,80481],{},[15,80479,39652],{}," takes the function ",[15,80482,80421],{},[188,80484,80485,80486,80488],{},"it sends each item from ",[15,80487,3584],{}," into that function",[188,80490,80491],{},"the returned values become the mapped result",[20,80493,80494],{},"In other words, Python does this behind the scenes:",[185,80496,80497,80504,80511,80519],{},[188,80498,80499,6007,80502],{},[15,80500,80501],{},"double(1)",[15,80503,2016],{},[188,80505,80506,6007,80509],{},[15,80507,80508],{},"double(2)",[15,80510,2451],{},[188,80512,80513,6007,80516],{},[15,80514,80515],{},"double(3)",[15,80517,80518],{},"6",[188,80520,80521,6007,80524],{},[15,80522,80523],{},"double(4)",[15,80525,2295],{},[33,80527,1335,80529,80531],{"id":80528},"using-map-with-multiple-iterables",[15,80530,39652],{}," with multiple iterables",[20,80533,80534,80536],{},[15,80535,39652],{}," can also work with more than one iterable.",[20,80538,80539],{},"When you do that, the function must accept the same number of arguments.",[20,80541,800],{},[38,80543,80545],{"className":40,"code":80544,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80546,80547,80564,80574,80578,80599,80620,80624,80649,80653],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,80548,80549,80551,80554,80556,80558,80560,80562],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,80550,34784],{"class":147},[47,80552,80553],{"class":34787}," add_numbers",[47,80555,78],{"class":77},[47,80557,360],{"class":37597},[47,80559,668],{"class":77},[47,80561,2506],{"class":37597},[47,80563,8273],{"class":77},[47,80565,80566,80568,80570,80572],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,80567,34795],{"class":3812},[47,80569,44476],{"class":53},[47,80571,844],{"class":57},[47,80573,36116],{"class":53},[47,80575,80576],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,80577,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,80579,80580,80583,80585,80587,80589,80591,80593,80595,80597],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,80581,80582],{"class":53},"list1 ",[47,80584,58],{"class":57},[47,80586,662],{"class":77},[47,80588,665],{"class":61},[47,80590,668],{"class":77},[47,80592,671],{"class":61},[47,80594,668],{"class":77},[47,80596,676],{"class":61},[47,80598,679],{"class":77},[47,80600,80601,80604,80606,80608,80610,80612,80614,80616,80618],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,80602,80603],{"class":53},"list2 ",[47,80605,58],{"class":57},[47,80607,662],{"class":77},[47,80609,193],{"class":61},[47,80611,668],{"class":77},[47,80613,7722],{"class":61},[47,80615,668],{"class":77},[47,80617,7727],{"class":61},[47,80619,679],{"class":77},[47,80621,80622],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,80623,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,80625,80626,80628,80630,80632,80634,80637,80639,80642,80644,80647],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,80627,2184],{"class":53},[47,80629,58],{"class":57},[47,80631,79946],{"class":98},[47,80633,78],{"class":77},[47,80635,80636],{"class":81},"add_numbers",[47,80638,668],{"class":77},[47,80640,80641],{"class":81}," list1",[47,80643,668],{"class":77},[47,80645,80646],{"class":81}," list2",[47,80648,85],{"class":77},[47,80650,80651],{"class":49,"line":1734},[47,80652,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,80654,80655,80657,80659,80661,80663,80665],{"class":49,"line":6365},[47,80656,99],{"class":98},[47,80658,78],{"class":77},[47,80660,8025],{"class":73},[47,80662,78],{"class":77},[47,80664,2218],{"class":81},[47,80666,123],{"class":77},[20,80668,129],{},[38,80670,80672],{"className":40,"code":80671,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[11, 22, 33]\n",[15,80673,80674],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,80675,80676,80678,80681,80683,80686,80688,80691],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,80677,736],{"class":77},[47,80679,80680],{"class":61},"11",[47,80682,668],{"class":77},[47,80684,80685],{"class":61}," 22",[47,80687,668],{"class":77},[47,80689,80690],{"class":61}," 33",[47,80692,679],{"class":77},[20,80694,2136],{},[185,80696,80697,80703,80709],{},[188,80698,80699,80700],{},"the first values are used together: ",[15,80701,80702],{},"add_numbers(1, 10)",[188,80704,80705,80706],{},"then ",[15,80707,80708],{},"add_numbers(2, 20)",[188,80710,80705,80711],{},[15,80712,80713],{},"add_numbers(3, 30)",[373,80715,80717,80719],{"id":80716},"map-stops-at-the-shortest-iterable",[15,80718,39652],{}," stops at the shortest iterable",[20,80721,80722,80723,80725],{},"If the iterables have different lengths, ",[15,80724,39652],{}," stops when the shortest one ends.",[38,80727,80729],{"className":40,"code":80728,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nlist2 = [10, 20]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80730,80731,80747,80757,80761,80785,80801,80805,80827,80831],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,80732,80733,80735,80737,80739,80741,80743,80745],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,80734,34784],{"class":147},[47,80736,80553],{"class":34787},[47,80738,78],{"class":77},[47,80740,360],{"class":37597},[47,80742,668],{"class":77},[47,80744,2506],{"class":37597},[47,80746,8273],{"class":77},[47,80748,80749,80751,80753,80755],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,80750,34795],{"class":3812},[47,80752,44476],{"class":53},[47,80754,844],{"class":57},[47,80756,36116],{"class":53},[47,80758,80759],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,80760,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,80762,80763,80765,80767,80769,80771,80773,80775,80777,80779,80781,80783],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,80764,80582],{"class":53},[47,80766,58],{"class":57},[47,80768,662],{"class":77},[47,80770,665],{"class":61},[47,80772,668],{"class":77},[47,80774,671],{"class":61},[47,80776,668],{"class":77},[47,80778,676],{"class":61},[47,80780,668],{"class":77},[47,80782,2404],{"class":61},[47,80784,679],{"class":77},[47,80786,80787,80789,80791,80793,80795,80797,80799],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,80788,80603],{"class":53},[47,80790,58],{"class":57},[47,80792,662],{"class":77},[47,80794,193],{"class":61},[47,80796,668],{"class":77},[47,80798,7722],{"class":61},[47,80800,679],{"class":77},[47,80802,80803],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,80804,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,80806,80807,80809,80811,80813,80815,80817,80819,80821,80823,80825],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,80808,2184],{"class":53},[47,80810,58],{"class":57},[47,80812,79946],{"class":98},[47,80814,78],{"class":77},[47,80816,80636],{"class":81},[47,80818,668],{"class":77},[47,80820,80641],{"class":81},[47,80822,668],{"class":77},[47,80824,80646],{"class":81},[47,80826,85],{"class":77},[47,80828,80829],{"class":49,"line":1734},[47,80830,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,80832,80833,80835,80837,80839,80841,80843],{"class":49,"line":6365},[47,80834,99],{"class":98},[47,80836,78],{"class":77},[47,80838,8025],{"class":73},[47,80840,78],{"class":77},[47,80842,2218],{"class":81},[47,80844,123],{"class":77},[20,80846,129],{},[38,80848,80850],{"className":40,"code":80849,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[11, 22]\n",[15,80851,80852],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,80853,80854,80856,80858,80860,80862],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,80855,736],{"class":77},[47,80857,80680],{"class":61},[47,80859,668],{"class":77},[47,80861,80685],{"class":61},[47,80863,679],{"class":77},[20,80865,80866,80867,80870],{},"Only two results are produced because ",[15,80868,80869],{},"list2"," has only two items.",[33,80872,80874,80876],{"id":80873},"map-returns-an-iterator-like-object",[15,80875,39652],{}," returns an iterator-like object",[20,80878,37958,80879,80881],{},[15,80880,39652],{}," returns a map object.",[20,80883,80884,80885,80888],{},"This object is ",[127,80886,80887],{},"lazy",", which means values are produced only when needed.",[373,80890,2435,80892,80894],{"id":80891},"why-printresult-looks-strange",[15,80893,32961],{}," looks strange",[20,80896,33576],{},[38,80898,80900],{"className":40,"code":80899,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,80901,80902,80922,80940,80944],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,80903,80904,80906,80908,80910,80912,80914,80916,80918,80920],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,80905,3554],{"class":53},[47,80907,58],{"class":57},[47,80909,662],{"class":77},[47,80911,665],{"class":61},[47,80913,668],{"class":77},[47,80915,671],{"class":61},[47,80917,668],{"class":77},[47,80919,676],{"class":61},[47,80921,679],{"class":77},[47,80923,80924,80926,80928,80930,80932,80934,80936,80938],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,80925,2184],{"class":53},[47,80927,58],{"class":57},[47,80929,79946],{"class":98},[47,80931,78],{"class":77},[47,80933,156],{"class":73},[47,80935,668],{"class":77},[47,80937,4198],{"class":81},[47,80939,85],{"class":77},[47,80941,80942],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,80943,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,80945,80946,80948,80950,80952],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,80947,99],{"class":98},[47,80949,78],{"class":77},[47,80951,2218],{"class":81},[47,80953,85],{"class":77},[20,80955,80956],{},"Output will look something like this:",[38,80958,80960],{"className":40,"code":80959,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cmap object at 0x...>\n",[15,80961,80962],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,80963,80964,80966,80968,80970,80972,80974,80976],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,80965,144],{"class":57},[47,80967,39795],{"class":98},[47,80969,24552],{"class":73},[47,80971,37298],{"class":53},[47,80973,37302],{"class":37301},[47,80975,37305],{"class":34387},[47,80977,162],{"class":57},[20,80979,80980],{},"That happens because you are printing the map object itself, not the values inside it.",[20,80982,80983],{},"To see the mapped values, convert it to a list or loop over it:",[38,80985,80987],{"className":40,"code":80986,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80988,80989,81009,81027,81031],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,80990,80991,80993,80995,80997,80999,81001,81003,81005,81007],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,80992,3554],{"class":53},[47,80994,58],{"class":57},[47,80996,662],{"class":77},[47,80998,665],{"class":61},[47,81000,668],{"class":77},[47,81002,671],{"class":61},[47,81004,668],{"class":77},[47,81006,676],{"class":61},[47,81008,679],{"class":77},[47,81010,81011,81013,81015,81017,81019,81021,81023,81025],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,81012,2184],{"class":53},[47,81014,58],{"class":57},[47,81016,79946],{"class":98},[47,81018,78],{"class":77},[47,81020,156],{"class":73},[47,81022,668],{"class":77},[47,81024,4198],{"class":81},[47,81026,85],{"class":77},[47,81028,81029],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,81030,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,81032,81033,81035,81037,81039,81041,81043],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,81034,99],{"class":98},[47,81036,78],{"class":77},[47,81038,8025],{"class":73},[47,81040,78],{"class":77},[47,81042,2218],{"class":81},[47,81044,123],{"class":77},[20,81046,129],{},[38,81048,81050],{"className":40,"code":81049,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,81051,81052],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,81053,81054,81056,81058,81060,81062,81064,81066,81068,81070,81072,81074,81076,81078],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,81055,736],{"class":77},[47,81057,159],{"class":151},[47,81059,665],{"class":155},[47,81061,159],{"class":151},[47,81063,668],{"class":77},[47,81065,152],{"class":151},[47,81067,2016],{"class":155},[47,81069,159],{"class":151},[47,81071,668],{"class":77},[47,81073,152],{"class":151},[47,81075,2021],{"class":155},[47,81077,159],{"class":151},[47,81079,679],{"class":77},[373,81081,81083],{"id":81082},"you-can-loop-over-a-map-object-directly","You can loop over a map object directly",[38,81085,81087],{"className":40,"code":81086,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,81088,81089,81109,81127,81131,81144],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,81090,81091,81093,81095,81097,81099,81101,81103,81105,81107],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,81092,3554],{"class":53},[47,81094,58],{"class":57},[47,81096,662],{"class":77},[47,81098,665],{"class":61},[47,81100,668],{"class":77},[47,81102,671],{"class":61},[47,81104,668],{"class":77},[47,81106,676],{"class":61},[47,81108,679],{"class":77},[47,81110,81111,81113,81115,81117,81119,81121,81123,81125],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,81112,2184],{"class":53},[47,81114,58],{"class":57},[47,81116,79946],{"class":98},[47,81118,78],{"class":77},[47,81120,156],{"class":73},[47,81122,668],{"class":77},[47,81124,4198],{"class":81},[47,81126,85],{"class":77},[47,81128,81129],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,81130,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,81132,81133,81135,81137,81139,81142],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,81134,5892],{"class":3812},[47,81136,5895],{"class":53},[47,81138,3819],{"class":3812},[47,81140,81141],{"class":53}," result",[47,81143,6329],{"class":77},[47,81145,81146,81148,81150,81152],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,81147,8000],{"class":98},[47,81149,78],{"class":77},[47,81151,23245],{"class":81},[47,81153,85],{"class":77},[20,81155,129],{},[38,81157,81159],{"className":40,"code":81158,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"1\n2\n3\n",[15,81160,81161,81165,81169],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,81162,81163],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,81164,46844],{"class":61},[47,81166,81167],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,81168,16992],{"class":61},[47,81170,81171],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,81172,46544],{"class":61},[373,81174,81176],{"id":81175},"a-map-object-is-exhausted-after-use","A map object is exhausted after use",[20,81178,81179],{},"Once you consume a map object, it is empty the next time.",[38,81181,81183],{"className":40,"code":81182,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81184,81185,81205,81223,81227,81241],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,81186,81187,81189,81191,81193,81195,81197,81199,81201,81203],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,81188,3554],{"class":53},[47,81190,58],{"class":57},[47,81192,662],{"class":77},[47,81194,665],{"class":61},[47,81196,668],{"class":77},[47,81198,671],{"class":61},[47,81200,668],{"class":77},[47,81202,676],{"class":61},[47,81204,679],{"class":77},[47,81206,81207,81209,81211,81213,81215,81217,81219,81221],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,81208,2184],{"class":53},[47,81210,58],{"class":57},[47,81212,79946],{"class":98},[47,81214,78],{"class":77},[47,81216,156],{"class":73},[47,81218,668],{"class":77},[47,81220,4198],{"class":81},[47,81222,85],{"class":77},[47,81224,81225],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,81226,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,81228,81229,81231,81233,81235,81237,81239],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,81230,99],{"class":98},[47,81232,78],{"class":77},[47,81234,8025],{"class":73},[47,81236,78],{"class":77},[47,81238,2218],{"class":81},[47,81240,123],{"class":77},[47,81242,81243,81245,81247,81249,81251,81253],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,81244,99],{"class":98},[47,81246,78],{"class":77},[47,81248,8025],{"class":73},[47,81250,78],{"class":77},[47,81252,2218],{"class":81},[47,81254,123],{"class":77},[20,81256,129],{},[38,81258,81260],{"className":40,"code":81259,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['1', '2', '3']\n[]\n",[15,81261,81262,81290],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,81263,81264,81266,81268,81270,81272,81274,81276,81278,81280,81282,81284,81286,81288],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,81265,736],{"class":77},[47,81267,159],{"class":151},[47,81269,665],{"class":155},[47,81271,159],{"class":151},[47,81273,668],{"class":77},[47,81275,152],{"class":151},[47,81277,2016],{"class":155},[47,81279,159],{"class":151},[47,81281,668],{"class":77},[47,81283,152],{"class":151},[47,81285,2021],{"class":155},[47,81287,159],{"class":151},[47,81289,679],{"class":77},[47,81291,81292],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,81293,38232],{"class":77},[20,81295,81296],{},"The second list is empty because the map object was already used.",[20,81298,81299],{},"If you need the values more than once, store them in a list:",[38,81301,81303],{"className":40,"code":81302,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,81304,81305,81325,81347,81351,81361],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,81306,81307,81309,81311,81313,81315,81317,81319,81321,81323],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,81308,3554],{"class":53},[47,81310,58],{"class":57},[47,81312,662],{"class":77},[47,81314,665],{"class":61},[47,81316,668],{"class":77},[47,81318,671],{"class":61},[47,81320,668],{"class":77},[47,81322,676],{"class":61},[47,81324,679],{"class":77},[47,81326,81327,81329,81331,81333,81335,81337,81339,81341,81343,81345],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,81328,2184],{"class":53},[47,81330,58],{"class":57},[47,81332,22494],{"class":73},[47,81334,78],{"class":77},[47,81336,39795],{"class":98},[47,81338,78],{"class":77},[47,81340,156],{"class":73},[47,81342,668],{"class":77},[47,81344,4198],{"class":81},[47,81346,123],{"class":77},[47,81348,81349],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,81350,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,81352,81353,81355,81357,81359],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,81354,99],{"class":98},[47,81356,78],{"class":77},[47,81358,2218],{"class":81},[47,81360,85],{"class":77},[47,81362,81363,81365,81367,81369],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,81364,99],{"class":98},[47,81366,78],{"class":77},[47,81368,2218],{"class":81},[47,81370,85],{"class":77},[20,81372,129],{},[38,81374,81376],{"className":40,"code":81375,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['1', '2', '3']\n['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,81377,81378,81406],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,81379,81380,81382,81384,81386,81388,81390,81392,81394,81396,81398,81400,81402,81404],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,81381,736],{"class":77},[47,81383,159],{"class":151},[47,81385,665],{"class":155},[47,81387,159],{"class":151},[47,81389,668],{"class":77},[47,81391,152],{"class":151},[47,81393,2016],{"class":155},[47,81395,159],{"class":151},[47,81397,668],{"class":77},[47,81399,152],{"class":151},[47,81401,2021],{"class":155},[47,81403,159],{"class":151},[47,81405,679],{"class":77},[47,81407,81408,81410,81412,81414,81416,81418,81420,81422,81424,81426,81428,81430,81432],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,81409,736],{"class":77},[47,81411,159],{"class":151},[47,81413,665],{"class":155},[47,81415,159],{"class":151},[47,81417,668],{"class":77},[47,81419,152],{"class":151},[47,81421,2016],{"class":155},[47,81423,159],{"class":151},[47,81425,668],{"class":77},[47,81427,152],{"class":151},[47,81429,2021],{"class":155},[47,81431,159],{"class":151},[47,81433,679],{"class":77},[33,81435,773,81437],{"id":81436},"when-to-use-map",[15,81438,39652],{},[20,81440,81441,81443],{},[15,81442,39652],{}," is a good choice when you want to apply one function to every item.",[20,81445,81446],{},"It works especially well with simple built-in functions such as:",[185,81448,81449,81453,81457],{},[188,81450,81451],{},[15,81452,156],{},[188,81454,81455],{},[15,81456,1050],{},[188,81458,81459],{},[15,81460,1976],{},[20,81462,800],{},[38,81464,81466],{"className":40,"code":81465,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = ['1', '2', '3']\nnumbers = list(map(int, values))\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,81467,81468,81500,81522,81526],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,81469,81470,81472,81474,81476,81478,81480,81482,81484,81486,81488,81490,81492,81494,81496,81498],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,81471,3758],{"class":53},[47,81473,58],{"class":57},[47,81475,662],{"class":77},[47,81477,159],{"class":151},[47,81479,665],{"class":155},[47,81481,159],{"class":151},[47,81483,668],{"class":77},[47,81485,152],{"class":151},[47,81487,2016],{"class":155},[47,81489,159],{"class":151},[47,81491,668],{"class":77},[47,81493,152],{"class":151},[47,81495,2021],{"class":155},[47,81497,159],{"class":151},[47,81499,679],{"class":77},[47,81501,81502,81504,81506,81508,81510,81512,81514,81516,81518,81520],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,81503,3554],{"class":53},[47,81505,58],{"class":57},[47,81507,22494],{"class":73},[47,81509,78],{"class":77},[47,81511,39795],{"class":98},[47,81513,78],{"class":77},[47,81515,1050],{"class":73},[47,81517,668],{"class":77},[47,81519,3822],{"class":81},[47,81521,123],{"class":77},[47,81523,81524],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,81525,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,81527,81528,81530,81532,81534],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,81529,99],{"class":98},[47,81531,78],{"class":77},[47,81533,3584],{"class":81},[47,81535,85],{"class":77},[20,81537,129],{},[38,81539,81540],{"className":40,"code":55077,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,81541,81542],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,81543,81544,81546,81548,81550,81552,81554,81556],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,81545,736],{"class":77},[47,81547,665],{"class":61},[47,81549,668],{"class":77},[47,81551,671],{"class":61},[47,81553,668],{"class":77},[47,81555,676],{"class":61},[47,81557,679],{"class":77},[20,81559,81560],{},"For beginners, a list comprehension is often easier to read.",[20,81562,81563],{},"For example, these do similar work:",[38,81565,81567],{"className":40,"code":81566,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,81568,81569,81589,81611],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,81570,81571,81573,81575,81577,81579,81581,81583,81585,81587],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,81572,3554],{"class":53},[47,81574,58],{"class":57},[47,81576,662],{"class":77},[47,81578,665],{"class":61},[47,81580,668],{"class":77},[47,81582,671],{"class":61},[47,81584,668],{"class":77},[47,81586,676],{"class":61},[47,81588,679],{"class":77},[47,81590,81591,81593,81595,81597,81599,81601,81603,81605,81607,81609],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,81592,2184],{"class":53},[47,81594,58],{"class":57},[47,81596,22494],{"class":73},[47,81598,78],{"class":77},[47,81600,39795],{"class":98},[47,81602,78],{"class":77},[47,81604,156],{"class":73},[47,81606,668],{"class":77},[47,81608,4198],{"class":81},[47,81610,123],{"class":77},[47,81612,81613,81615,81617,81619],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,81614,99],{"class":98},[47,81616,78],{"class":77},[47,81618,2218],{"class":81},[47,81620,85],{"class":77},[38,81622,81624],{"className":40,"code":81623,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = [str(n) for n in numbers]\nprint(result)\n",[15,81625,81626,81646,81673],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,81627,81628,81630,81632,81634,81636,81638,81640,81642,81644],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,81629,3554],{"class":53},[47,81631,58],{"class":57},[47,81633,662],{"class":77},[47,81635,665],{"class":61},[47,81637,668],{"class":77},[47,81639,671],{"class":61},[47,81641,668],{"class":77},[47,81643,676],{"class":61},[47,81645,679],{"class":77},[47,81647,81648,81650,81652,81654,81656,81658,81660,81662,81664,81667,81669,81671],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,81649,2184],{"class":53},[47,81651,58],{"class":57},[47,81653,662],{"class":77},[47,81655,156],{"class":73},[47,81657,78],{"class":77},[47,81659,75954],{"class":81},[47,81661,862],{"class":77},[47,81663,3813],{"class":3812},[47,81665,81666],{"class":53}," n ",[47,81668,3819],{"class":3812},[47,81670,4198],{"class":53},[47,81672,679],{"class":77},[47,81674,81675,81677,81679,81681],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,81676,99],{"class":98},[47,81678,78],{"class":77},[47,81680,2218],{"class":81},[47,81682,85],{"class":77},[20,81684,81685],{},"Both produce:",[38,81687,81688],{"className":40,"code":81049,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,81689,81690],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,81691,81692,81694,81696,81698,81700,81702,81704,81706,81708,81710,81712,81714,81716],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,81693,736],{"class":77},[47,81695,159],{"class":151},[47,81697,665],{"class":155},[47,81699,159],{"class":151},[47,81701,668],{"class":77},[47,81703,152],{"class":151},[47,81705,2016],{"class":155},[47,81707,159],{"class":151},[47,81709,668],{"class":77},[47,81711,152],{"class":151},[47,81713,2021],{"class":155},[47,81715,159],{"class":151},[47,81717,679],{"class":77},[20,81719,81720],{},"A simple rule:",[185,81722,81723,81728,81733],{},[188,81724,39926,81725,81727],{},[15,81726,39652],{}," when applying a clear function to every item",[188,81729,39932,81730,81732],{},[15,81731,5892],{}," loop when you need more steps or more explanation",[188,81734,81735],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a compact and readable transformation",[20,81737,81738,81739,914],{},"If you want more practice with that style, see ",[360,81740,4328],{"href":4327},[33,81742,1131],{"id":1130},[373,81744,81746,81747],{"id":81745},"_1-forgetting-to-convert-the-result-to-list","1. Forgetting to convert the result to ",[15,81748,24716],{},[20,81750,81751],{},"This is very common:",[38,81753,81754],{"className":40,"code":80899,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,81755,81756,81776,81794,81798],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,81757,81758,81760,81762,81764,81766,81768,81770,81772,81774],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,81759,3554],{"class":53},[47,81761,58],{"class":57},[47,81763,662],{"class":77},[47,81765,665],{"class":61},[47,81767,668],{"class":77},[47,81769,671],{"class":61},[47,81771,668],{"class":77},[47,81773,676],{"class":61},[47,81775,679],{"class":77},[47,81777,81778,81780,81782,81784,81786,81788,81790,81792],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,81779,2184],{"class":53},[47,81781,58],{"class":57},[47,81783,79946],{"class":98},[47,81785,78],{"class":77},[47,81787,156],{"class":73},[47,81789,668],{"class":77},[47,81791,4198],{"class":81},[47,81793,85],{"class":77},[47,81795,81796],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,81797,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,81799,81800,81802,81804,81806],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,81801,99],{"class":98},[47,81803,78],{"class":77},[47,81805,2218],{"class":81},[47,81807,85],{"class":77},[20,81809,81810],{},"This prints the map object, not the values.",[20,81812,39197],{},[38,81814,81816],{"className":40,"code":81815,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(list(result))\n",[15,81817,81818],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,81819,81820,81822,81824,81826,81828,81830],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,81821,99],{"class":98},[47,81823,78],{"class":77},[47,81825,8025],{"class":73},[47,81827,78],{"class":77},[47,81829,2218],{"class":81},[47,81831,123],{"class":77},[373,81833,81835],{"id":81834},"_2-calling-the-function-instead-of-passing-it","2. Calling the function instead of passing it",[20,81837,16579],{},[38,81839,81841],{"className":40,"code":81840,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str(), numbers)\n",[15,81842,81843,81863],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,81844,81845,81847,81849,81851,81853,81855,81857,81859,81861],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,81846,3554],{"class":53},[47,81848,58],{"class":57},[47,81850,662],{"class":77},[47,81852,665],{"class":61},[47,81854,668],{"class":77},[47,81856,671],{"class":61},[47,81858,668],{"class":77},[47,81860,676],{"class":61},[47,81862,679],{"class":77},[47,81864,81865,81867,81869,81871,81873,81875,81878,81880],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,81866,2184],{"class":53},[47,81868,58],{"class":57},[47,81870,79946],{"class":98},[47,81872,78],{"class":77},[47,81874,156],{"class":73},[47,81876,81877],{"class":77},"(),",[47,81879,4198],{"class":81},[47,81881,85],{"class":77},[20,81883,81884,81885,81887,81888,81890],{},"This is wrong because ",[15,81886,17],{}," is being called immediately. ",[15,81889,39652],{}," needs the function itself, not the result of calling it.",[20,81892,16591],{},[38,81894,81895],{"className":40,"code":80986,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,81896,81897,81917,81935,81939],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,81898,81899,81901,81903,81905,81907,81909,81911,81913,81915],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,81900,3554],{"class":53},[47,81902,58],{"class":57},[47,81904,662],{"class":77},[47,81906,665],{"class":61},[47,81908,668],{"class":77},[47,81910,671],{"class":61},[47,81912,668],{"class":77},[47,81914,676],{"class":61},[47,81916,679],{"class":77},[47,81918,81919,81921,81923,81925,81927,81929,81931,81933],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,81920,2184],{"class":53},[47,81922,58],{"class":57},[47,81924,79946],{"class":98},[47,81926,78],{"class":77},[47,81928,156],{"class":73},[47,81930,668],{"class":77},[47,81932,4198],{"class":81},[47,81934,85],{"class":77},[47,81936,81937],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,81938,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,81940,81941,81943,81945,81947,81949,81951],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,81942,99],{"class":98},[47,81944,78],{"class":77},[47,81946,8025],{"class":73},[47,81948,78],{"class":77},[47,81950,2218],{"class":81},[47,81952,123],{"class":77},[373,81954,81956],{"id":81955},"_3-using-a-function-with-the-wrong-number-of-parameters","3. Using a function with the wrong number of parameters",[20,81958,81959],{},"If your function needs two arguments, but you pass only one iterable, it will fail.",[20,81961,16579],{},[38,81963,81965],{"className":40,"code":81964,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(add, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81966,81967,81984,81994,81998,82018,82037,82041],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,81968,81969,81971,81974,81976,81978,81980,81982],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,81970,34784],{"class":147},[47,81972,81973],{"class":34787}," add",[47,81975,78],{"class":77},[47,81977,360],{"class":37597},[47,81979,668],{"class":77},[47,81981,2506],{"class":37597},[47,81983,8273],{"class":77},[47,81985,81986,81988,81990,81992],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,81987,34795],{"class":3812},[47,81989,44476],{"class":53},[47,81991,844],{"class":57},[47,81993,36116],{"class":53},[47,81995,81996],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,81997,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,81999,82000,82002,82004,82006,82008,82010,82012,82014,82016],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,82001,3554],{"class":53},[47,82003,58],{"class":57},[47,82005,662],{"class":77},[47,82007,665],{"class":61},[47,82009,668],{"class":77},[47,82011,671],{"class":61},[47,82013,668],{"class":77},[47,82015,676],{"class":61},[47,82017,679],{"class":77},[47,82019,82020,82022,82024,82026,82028,82031,82033,82035],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,82021,2184],{"class":53},[47,82023,58],{"class":57},[47,82025,79946],{"class":98},[47,82027,78],{"class":77},[47,82029,82030],{"class":81},"add",[47,82032,668],{"class":77},[47,82034,4198],{"class":81},[47,82036,85],{"class":77},[47,82038,82039],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,82040,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,82042,82043,82045,82047,82049,82051,82053],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,82044,99],{"class":98},[47,82046,78],{"class":77},[47,82048,8025],{"class":73},[47,82050,78],{"class":77},[47,82052,2218],{"class":81},[47,82054,123],{"class":77},[20,82056,16591],{},[38,82058,82060],{"className":40,"code":82059,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(add, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,82061,82062,82078,82088,82092,82112,82132,82154,82158],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,82063,82064,82066,82068,82070,82072,82074,82076],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,82065,34784],{"class":147},[47,82067,81973],{"class":34787},[47,82069,78],{"class":77},[47,82071,360],{"class":37597},[47,82073,668],{"class":77},[47,82075,2506],{"class":37597},[47,82077,8273],{"class":77},[47,82079,82080,82082,82084,82086],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,82081,34795],{"class":3812},[47,82083,44476],{"class":53},[47,82085,844],{"class":57},[47,82087,36116],{"class":53},[47,82089,82090],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,82091,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,82093,82094,82096,82098,82100,82102,82104,82106,82108,82110],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,82095,80582],{"class":53},[47,82097,58],{"class":57},[47,82099,662],{"class":77},[47,82101,665],{"class":61},[47,82103,668],{"class":77},[47,82105,671],{"class":61},[47,82107,668],{"class":77},[47,82109,676],{"class":61},[47,82111,679],{"class":77},[47,82113,82114,82116,82118,82120,82122,82124,82126,82128,82130],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,82115,80603],{"class":53},[47,82117,58],{"class":57},[47,82119,662],{"class":77},[47,82121,193],{"class":61},[47,82123,668],{"class":77},[47,82125,7722],{"class":61},[47,82127,668],{"class":77},[47,82129,7727],{"class":61},[47,82131,679],{"class":77},[47,82133,82134,82136,82138,82140,82142,82144,82146,82148,82150,82152],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,82135,2184],{"class":53},[47,82137,58],{"class":57},[47,82139,79946],{"class":98},[47,82141,78],{"class":77},[47,82143,82030],{"class":81},[47,82145,668],{"class":77},[47,82147,80641],{"class":81},[47,82149,668],{"class":77},[47,82151,80646],{"class":81},[47,82153,85],{"class":77},[47,82155,82156],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,82157,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,82159,82160,82162,82164,82166,82168,82170],{"class":49,"line":1734},[47,82161,99],{"class":98},[47,82163,78],{"class":77},[47,82165,8025],{"class":73},[47,82167,78],{"class":77},[47,82169,2218],{"class":81},[47,82171,123],{"class":77},[373,82173,82175],{"id":82174},"_4-reusing-the-same-map-object","4. Reusing the same map object",[20,82177,16579],{},[38,82179,82180],{"className":40,"code":81182,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,82181,82182,82202,82220,82224,82238],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,82183,82184,82186,82188,82190,82192,82194,82196,82198,82200],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,82185,3554],{"class":53},[47,82187,58],{"class":57},[47,82189,662],{"class":77},[47,82191,665],{"class":61},[47,82193,668],{"class":77},[47,82195,671],{"class":61},[47,82197,668],{"class":77},[47,82199,676],{"class":61},[47,82201,679],{"class":77},[47,82203,82204,82206,82208,82210,82212,82214,82216,82218],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,82205,2184],{"class":53},[47,82207,58],{"class":57},[47,82209,79946],{"class":98},[47,82211,78],{"class":77},[47,82213,156],{"class":73},[47,82215,668],{"class":77},[47,82217,4198],{"class":81},[47,82219,85],{"class":77},[47,82221,82222],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,82223,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,82225,82226,82228,82230,82232,82234,82236],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,82227,99],{"class":98},[47,82229,78],{"class":77},[47,82231,8025],{"class":73},[47,82233,78],{"class":77},[47,82235,2218],{"class":81},[47,82237,123],{"class":77},[47,82239,82240,82242,82244,82246,82248,82250],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,82241,99],{"class":98},[47,82243,78],{"class":77},[47,82245,8025],{"class":73},[47,82247,78],{"class":77},[47,82249,2218],{"class":81},[47,82251,123],{"class":77},[20,82253,82254],{},"The second result is empty.",[20,82256,82257],{},"Fix: create a new map object, or convert once and save the list.",[33,82259,67822],{"id":67821},[20,82261,8807,82262,82264],{},[15,82263,39652],{}," is not doing what you expect, these quick checks can help:",[38,82266,82268],{"className":40,"code":82267,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(result)\nprint(list(result))\nprint(type(result))\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,82269,82270,82280,82294,82308,82320],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,82271,82272,82274,82276,82278],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,82273,99],{"class":98},[47,82275,78],{"class":77},[47,82277,2218],{"class":81},[47,82279,85],{"class":77},[47,82281,82282,82284,82286,82288,82290,82292],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,82283,99],{"class":98},[47,82285,78],{"class":77},[47,82287,8025],{"class":73},[47,82289,78],{"class":77},[47,82291,2218],{"class":81},[47,82293,123],{"class":77},[47,82295,82296,82298,82300,82302,82304,82306],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,82297,99],{"class":98},[47,82299,78],{"class":77},[47,82301,116],{"class":73},[47,82303,78],{"class":77},[47,82305,2218],{"class":81},[47,82307,123],{"class":77},[47,82309,82310,82312,82314,82316,82318],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,82311,5892],{"class":3812},[47,82313,5895],{"class":53},[47,82315,3819],{"class":3812},[47,82317,81141],{"class":53},[47,82319,6329],{"class":77},[47,82321,82322,82324,82326,82328],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,82323,8000],{"class":98},[47,82325,78],{"class":77},[47,82327,23245],{"class":81},[47,82329,85],{"class":77},[20,82331,12606],{},[185,82333,82334,82339,82344,82350],{},[188,82335,82336,82338],{},[15,82337,32961],{}," shows that you have a map object",[188,82340,82341,82343],{},[15,82342,32969],{}," shows the actual mapped values",[188,82345,82346,82349],{},[15,82347,82348],{},"print(type(result))"," confirms the result type",[188,82351,82352,82353,82355],{},"looping over ",[15,82354,2218],{}," lets you inspect items one by one",[20,82357,82358,82359,82362,82363,82365],{},"Be careful: ",[15,82360,82361],{},"list(result)"," and a ",[15,82364,5892],{}," loop consume the map object.",[33,82367,1762],{"id":1761},[373,82369,1776,82371,82373],{"id":82370},"does-map-return-a-list-in-python",[15,82372,39652],{}," return a list in Python?",[20,82375,82376,82377,82379,82380,23873],{},"No. In Python 3, ",[15,82378,39652],{}," returns a map object. Use ",[15,82381,82382],{},"list(map(...))",[373,82384,1806,82386,82388,82389,82391],{"id":82385},"is-map-better-than-a-for-loop",[15,82387,39652],{}," better than a ",[15,82390,5892],{}," loop?",[20,82393,82394,82395,82397,82398,82400],{},"Not always. ",[15,82396,39652],{}," is shorter for simple transformations, but a ",[15,82399,5892],{}," loop can be easier to read.",[373,82402,1786,82404,82406],{"id":82403},"can-map-use-more-than-one-list",[15,82405,39652],{}," use more than one list?",[20,82408,82409],{},"Yes. Pass multiple iterables, and use a function that accepts one argument for each iterable.",[373,82411,82413],{"id":82412},"why-is-my-map-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my map object empty the second time?",[20,82415,82416],{},"A map object is consumed as you iterate over it. Create a new one if you need to use it again.",[33,82418,1825],{"id":1824},[185,82420,82421,82427,82433,82437,82441],{},[188,82422,82423],{},[360,82424,13,82425,1834],{"href":40021},[15,82426,37510],{},[188,82428,82429],{},[360,82430,13,82431,1834],{"href":64774},[15,82432,24716],{},[188,82434,82435],{},[360,82436,5153],{"href":5065},[188,82438,82439],{},[360,82440,5158],{"href":4327},[188,82442,82443],{},[360,82444,5148],{"href":5069},[1875,82446,82447],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":65,"depth":65,"links":82449},[82450,82451,82453,82454,82455,82457,82462,82469,82471,82478,82479,82488],{"id":35,"depth":65,"text":36},{"id":80025,"depth":65,"text":82452},"What map() does",{"id":244,"depth":65,"text":245},{"id":11408,"depth":65,"text":11409},{"id":80344,"depth":65,"text":82456},"Using map() with your own function",{"id":80528,"depth":65,"text":82458,"children":82459},"Using map() with multiple iterables",[82460],{"id":80716,"depth":88,"text":82461},"map() stops at the shortest iterable",{"id":80873,"depth":65,"text":82463,"children":82464},"map() returns an iterator-like object",[82465,82467,82468],{"id":80891,"depth":88,"text":82466},"Why print(result) looks strange",{"id":81082,"depth":88,"text":81083},{"id":81175,"depth":88,"text":81176},{"id":81436,"depth":65,"text":82470},"When to use map()",{"id":1130,"depth":65,"text":1131,"children":82472},[82473,82475,82476,82477],{"id":81745,"depth":88,"text":82474},"1. Forgetting to convert the result to list()",{"id":81834,"depth":88,"text":81835},{"id":81955,"depth":88,"text":81956},{"id":82174,"depth":88,"text":82175},{"id":67821,"depth":65,"text":67822},{"id":1761,"depth":65,"text":1762,"children":82480},[82481,82483,82485,82487],{"id":82370,"depth":88,"text":82482},"Does map() return a list in Python?",{"id":82385,"depth":88,"text":82484},"Is map() better than a for loop?",{"id":82403,"depth":88,"text":82486},"Can map() use more than one list?",{"id":82412,"depth":88,"text":82413},{"id":1824,"depth":65,"text":1825},"Master python map function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained",{"title":79857,"description":82489},"reference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained","4MI2YLPo_ZE_nkJe3whDWQ5FDq18dCJHZg2kU_VJhkQ",{"id":82496,"title":82497,"body":82498,"description":84518,"extension":1922,"meta":84519,"navigation":91,"path":84520,"seo":84521,"stem":84522,"__hash__":84523},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained.md","Python max() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":82499,"toc":84476},[82500,82506,82511,82514,82522,82525,82527,82651,82653,82671,82673,82693,82698,82702,82716,82719,82722,82724,82729,82841,82844,82862,82868,82871,82933,82935,82944,82947,82961,82963,83011,83013,83022,83032,83038,83041,83068,83070,83078,83081,83084,83154,83156,83164,83167,83172,83177,83228,83230,83238,83241,83243,83260,83262,83314,83317,83323,83327,83332,83335,83339,83398,83400,83409,83415,83424,83428,83491,83493,83501,83506,83510,83515,83595,83597,83606,83613,83618,83623,83626,83661,83663,83671,83674,83680,83682,83732,83734,83743,83746,83764,83766,83771,83777,83784,83811,83813,83836,83841,83876,83881,83887,83892,83935,83938,83941,83980,83987,83993,83998,84013,84017,84024,84027,84031,84036,84040,84045,84047,84108,84110,84139,84144,84151,84160,84162,84165,84190,84192,84295,84298,84316,84325,84327,84332,84335,84341,84344,84346,84356,84362,84366,84424,84431,84439,84441,84473],[10,82501,13,82503,18],{"id":82502},"python-max-function-explained",[15,82504,82505],{},"max()",[20,82507,9055,82508,82510],{},[15,82509,82505],{}," function returns the largest item.",[20,82512,82513],{},"You can use it in two main ways:",[185,82515,82516,82519],{},[188,82517,82518],{},"To get the largest item from an iterable like a list or tuple",[188,82520,82521],{},"To compare two or more separate values",[20,82523,82524],{},"This is useful when you want the highest number, the alphabetically largest string, or the biggest item based on a custom rule.",[33,82526,36],{"id":35},[38,82528,82530],{"className":40,"code":82529,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\nprint(max(numbers))\n\nprint(max(3, 8, 2, 5))\n\nwords = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,82531,82532,82556,82571,82575,82601,82605,82637],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,82533,82534,82536,82538,82540,82542,82544,82546,82548,82550,82552,82554],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,82535,3554],{"class":53},[47,82537,58],{"class":57},[47,82539,662],{"class":77},[47,82541,2021],{"class":61},[47,82543,668],{"class":77},[47,82545,6295],{"class":61},[47,82547,668],{"class":77},[47,82549,671],{"class":61},[47,82551,668],{"class":77},[47,82553,4540],{"class":61},[47,82555,679],{"class":77},[47,82557,82558,82560,82562,82565,82567,82569],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,82559,99],{"class":98},[47,82561,78],{"class":77},[47,82563,82564],{"class":98},"max",[47,82566,78],{"class":77},[47,82568,3584],{"class":81},[47,82570,123],{"class":77},[47,82572,82573],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,82574,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,82576,82577,82579,82581,82583,82585,82587,82589,82591,82593,82595,82597,82599],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,82578,99],{"class":98},[47,82580,78],{"class":77},[47,82582,82564],{"class":98},[47,82584,78],{"class":77},[47,82586,2021],{"class":61},[47,82588,668],{"class":77},[47,82590,6295],{"class":61},[47,82592,668],{"class":77},[47,82594,671],{"class":61},[47,82596,668],{"class":77},[47,82598,4540],{"class":61},[47,82600,123],{"class":77},[47,82602,82603],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,82604,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,82606,82607,82609,82611,82613,82615,82617,82619,82621,82623,82625,82627,82629,82631,82633,82635],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,82608,4006],{"class":53},[47,82610,58],{"class":57},[47,82612,662],{"class":77},[47,82614,309],{"class":151},[47,82616,1425],{"class":155},[47,82618,309],{"class":151},[47,82620,668],{"class":77},[47,82622,303],{"class":151},[47,82624,1434],{"class":155},[47,82626,309],{"class":151},[47,82628,668],{"class":77},[47,82630,303],{"class":151},[47,82632,78668],{"class":155},[47,82634,309],{"class":151},[47,82636,679],{"class":77},[47,82638,82639,82641,82643,82645,82647,82649],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,82640,99],{"class":98},[47,82642,78],{"class":77},[47,82644,82564],{"class":98},[47,82646,78],{"class":77},[47,82648,4048],{"class":81},[47,82650,123],{"class":77},[20,82652,129],{},[38,82654,82656],{"className":40,"code":82655,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"8\n8\npear\n",[15,82657,82658,82662,82666],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,82659,82660],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,82661,2330],{"class":61},[47,82663,82664],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,82665,2330],{"class":61},[47,82667,82668],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,82669,82670],{"class":53},"pear\n",[20,82672,19893],{},[185,82674,82675,82681,82687],{},[188,82676,82677,82680],{},[15,82678,82679],{},"max(numbers)"," uses the iterable form",[188,82682,82683,82686],{},[15,82684,82685],{},"max(3, 8, 2, 5)"," uses separate arguments",[188,82688,82689,82692],{},[15,82690,82691],{},"max(words)"," compares strings alphabetically",[33,82694,172,82696,175],{"id":82695},"what-max-does",[15,82697,82505],{},[20,82699,82700,2826],{},[15,82701,82505],{},[185,82703,82704,82707,82710,82713],{},[188,82705,82706],{},"Returns the largest item",[188,82708,82709],{},"Works with a list, tuple, string, set, or other iterable",[188,82711,82712],{},"Also works with two or more separate values",[188,82714,82715],{},"Compares items using Python’s normal ordering rules",[20,82717,82718],{},"For numbers, “largest” means the highest value.",[20,82720,82721],{},"For strings, “largest” means the item that comes last in alphabetical order.",[33,82723,245],{"id":244},[20,82725,82726,82727,2826],{},"Here are the main forms of ",[15,82728,82505],{},[38,82730,82732],{"className":40,"code":82731,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"max(iterable)\nmax(iterable, *, key=func)\nmax(iterable, *, default=value)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args, key=func)\n",[15,82733,82734,82744,82768,82790,82813],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,82735,82736,82738,82740,82742],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,82737,82564],{"class":98},[47,82739,78],{"class":77},[47,82741,3655],{"class":81},[47,82743,85],{"class":77},[47,82745,82746,82748,82750,82752,82754,82757,82759,82761,82763,82766],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,82747,82564],{"class":98},[47,82749,78],{"class":77},[47,82751,3655],{"class":81},[47,82753,668],{"class":77},[47,82755,82756],{"class":57}," *",[47,82758,668],{"class":77},[47,82760,21515],{"class":9108},[47,82762,58],{"class":57},[47,82764,82765],{"class":81},"func",[47,82767,85],{"class":77},[47,82769,82770,82772,82774,82776,82778,82780,82782,82784,82786,82788],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,82771,82564],{"class":98},[47,82773,78],{"class":77},[47,82775,3655],{"class":81},[47,82777,668],{"class":77},[47,82779,82756],{"class":57},[47,82781,668],{"class":77},[47,82783,26456],{"class":9108},[47,82785,58],{"class":57},[47,82787,585],{"class":81},[47,82789,85],{"class":77},[47,82791,82792,82794,82796,82799,82801,82804,82806,82808,82811],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,82793,82564],{"class":98},[47,82795,78],{"class":77},[47,82797,82798],{"class":81},"arg1",[47,82800,668],{"class":77},[47,82802,82803],{"class":81}," arg2",[47,82805,668],{"class":77},[47,82807,82756],{"class":57},[47,82809,82810],{"class":81},"args",[47,82812,85],{"class":77},[47,82814,82815,82817,82819,82821,82823,82825,82827,82829,82831,82833,82835,82837,82839],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,82816,82564],{"class":98},[47,82818,78],{"class":77},[47,82820,82798],{"class":81},[47,82822,668],{"class":77},[47,82824,82803],{"class":81},[47,82826,668],{"class":77},[47,82828,82756],{"class":57},[47,82830,82810],{"class":81},[47,82832,668],{"class":77},[47,82834,21515],{"class":9108},[47,82836,58],{"class":57},[47,82838,82765],{"class":81},[47,82840,85],{"class":77},[20,82842,82843],{},"The most important parts are:",[185,82845,82846,82851,82856],{},[188,82847,82848,82850],{},[15,82849,3655],{},": a collection like a list, tuple, or string",[188,82852,82853,82855],{},[15,82854,14776],{},": a function that tells Python how to compare items",[188,82857,82858,82861],{},[15,82859,82860],{},"default",": a value to return if the iterable is empty",[33,82863,1335,82865,82867],{"id":82864},"using-max-with-a-list-of-numbers",[15,82866,82505],{}," with a list of numbers",[20,82869,82870],{},"This is the most common beginner use case.",[38,82872,82874],{"className":40,"code":82873,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"scores = [72, 91, 85, 66]\nhighest_score = max(scores)\n\nprint(highest_score)\n",[15,82875,82876,82902,82918,82922],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,82877,82878,82880,82882,82884,82887,82889,82891,82893,82895,82897,82900],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,82879,4998],{"class":53},[47,82881,58],{"class":57},[47,82883,662],{"class":77},[47,82885,82886],{"class":61},"72",[47,82888,668],{"class":77},[47,82890,51436],{"class":61},[47,82892,668],{"class":77},[47,82894,13442],{"class":61},[47,82896,668],{"class":77},[47,82898,82899],{"class":61}," 66",[47,82901,679],{"class":77},[47,82903,82904,82907,82909,82912,82914,82916],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,82905,82906],{"class":53},"highest_score ",[47,82908,58],{"class":57},[47,82910,82911],{"class":98}," max",[47,82913,78],{"class":77},[47,82915,16324],{"class":81},[47,82917,85],{"class":77},[47,82919,82920],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,82921,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,82923,82924,82926,82928,82931],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,82925,99],{"class":98},[47,82927,78],{"class":77},[47,82929,82930],{"class":81},"highest_score",[47,82932,85],{"class":77},[20,82934,129],{},[38,82936,82938],{"className":40,"code":82937,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"91\n",[15,82939,82940],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,82941,82942],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,82943,82937],{"class":61},[20,82945,82946],{},"This works well for:",[185,82948,82949,82952,82955,82958],{},[188,82950,82951],{},"Scores",[188,82953,82954],{},"Prices",[188,82956,82957],{},"Ages",[188,82959,82960],{},"Counts",[20,82962,52006],{},[38,82964,82966],{"className":40,"code":82965,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"prices = [19.99, 5.50, 12.75, 29.00]\nprint(max(prices))\n",[15,82967,82968,82996],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,82969,82970,82973,82975,82977,82979,82981,82984,82986,82989,82991,82994],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,82971,82972],{"class":53},"prices ",[47,82974,58],{"class":57},[47,82976,662],{"class":77},[47,82978,40331],{"class":61},[47,82980,668],{"class":77},[47,82982,82983],{"class":61}," 5.50",[47,82985,668],{"class":77},[47,82987,82988],{"class":61}," 12.75",[47,82990,668],{"class":77},[47,82992,82993],{"class":61}," 29.00",[47,82995,679],{"class":77},[47,82997,82998,83000,83002,83004,83006,83009],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,82999,99],{"class":98},[47,83001,78],{"class":77},[47,83003,82564],{"class":98},[47,83005,78],{"class":77},[47,83007,83008],{"class":81},"prices",[47,83010,123],{"class":77},[20,83012,129],{},[38,83014,83016],{"className":40,"code":83015,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"29.0\n",[15,83017,83018],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83019,83020],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83021,83015],{"class":61},[20,83023,83024,83025,83027,83028,914],{},"If you only need the largest value, ",[15,83026,82505],{}," is simpler than ",[360,83029,83030],{"href":74447},[15,83031,74350],{},[33,83033,1335,83035,83037],{"id":83034},"using-max-with-separate-values",[15,83036,82505],{}," with separate values",[20,83039,83040],{},"You do not always need a list. You can pass values directly.",[38,83042,83044],{"className":40,"code":83043,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(max(4, 12, 7))\n",[15,83045,83046],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83047,83048,83050,83052,83054,83056,83058,83060,83062,83064,83066],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83049,99],{"class":98},[47,83051,78],{"class":77},[47,83053,82564],{"class":98},[47,83055,78],{"class":77},[47,83057,2451],{"class":61},[47,83059,668],{"class":77},[47,83061,30877],{"class":61},[47,83063,668],{"class":77},[47,83065,5928],{"class":61},[47,83067,123],{"class":77},[20,83069,129],{},[38,83071,83072],{"className":40,"code":2179,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,83073,83074],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83075,83076],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83077,2179],{"class":61},[20,83079,83080],{},"This is useful for quick comparisons.",[20,83082,83083],{},"For example, comparing three numbers entered by a user:",[38,83085,83087],{"className":40,"code":83086,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = 15\nb = 42\nc = 27\n\nlargest = max(a, b, c)\nprint(largest)\n",[15,83088,83089,83098,83106,83116,83120,83143],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83090,83091,83093,83095],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83092,2501],{"class":53},[47,83094,58],{"class":57},[47,83096,83097],{"class":61}," 15\n",[47,83099,83100,83102,83104],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,83101,2529],{"class":53},[47,83103,58],{"class":57},[47,83105,954],{"class":61},[47,83107,83108,83111,83113],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,83109,83110],{"class":53},"c ",[47,83112,58],{"class":57},[47,83114,83115],{"class":61}," 27\n",[47,83117,83118],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,83119,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,83121,83122,83125,83127,83129,83131,83133,83135,83137,83139,83141],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,83123,83124],{"class":53},"largest ",[47,83126,58],{"class":57},[47,83128,82911],{"class":98},[47,83130,78],{"class":77},[47,83132,360],{"class":81},[47,83134,668],{"class":77},[47,83136,2506],{"class":81},[47,83138,668],{"class":77},[47,83140,9613],{"class":81},[47,83142,85],{"class":77},[47,83144,83145,83147,83149,83152],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,83146,99],{"class":98},[47,83148,78],{"class":77},[47,83150,83151],{"class":81},"largest",[47,83153,85],{"class":77},[20,83155,129],{},[38,83157,83158],{"className":40,"code":1025,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,83159,83160],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83161,83162],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83163,1025],{"class":61},[20,83165,83166],{},"Use this form when you already have separate values and do not need to store them in a list first.",[33,83168,1335,83170,46986],{"id":83169},"using-max-with-strings",[15,83171,82505],{},[20,83173,83174,83176],{},[15,83175,82505],{}," can compare strings too.",[38,83178,83180],{"className":40,"code":83179,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,83181,83182,83214],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83183,83184,83186,83188,83190,83192,83194,83196,83198,83200,83202,83204,83206,83208,83210,83212],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83185,4006],{"class":53},[47,83187,58],{"class":57},[47,83189,662],{"class":77},[47,83191,309],{"class":151},[47,83193,1425],{"class":155},[47,83195,309],{"class":151},[47,83197,668],{"class":77},[47,83199,303],{"class":151},[47,83201,1434],{"class":155},[47,83203,309],{"class":151},[47,83205,668],{"class":77},[47,83207,303],{"class":151},[47,83209,78668],{"class":155},[47,83211,309],{"class":151},[47,83213,679],{"class":77},[47,83215,83216,83218,83220,83222,83224,83226],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,83217,99],{"class":98},[47,83219,78],{"class":77},[47,83221,82564],{"class":98},[47,83223,78],{"class":77},[47,83225,4048],{"class":81},[47,83227,123],{"class":77},[20,83229,129],{},[38,83231,83232],{"className":40,"code":82670,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,83233,83234],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83235,83236],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83237,82670],{"class":53},[20,83239,83240],{},"This happens because strings are compared alphabetically.",[20,83242,68210],{},[185,83244,83245,83254,83257],{},[188,83246,83247,83250,83251,83253],{},[15,83248,83249],{},"\"pear\""," comes after ",[15,83252,65201],{}," alphabetically",[188,83255,83256],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters can change the result",[188,83258,83259],{},"Mixed text case can surprise beginners",[20,83261,800],{},[38,83263,83265],{"className":40,"code":83264,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,83266,83267,83300],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83268,83269,83271,83273,83275,83277,83279,83281,83283,83285,83288,83290,83292,83294,83296,83298],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83270,4006],{"class":53},[47,83272,58],{"class":57},[47,83274,662],{"class":77},[47,83276,309],{"class":151},[47,83278,1425],{"class":155},[47,83280,309],{"class":151},[47,83282,668],{"class":77},[47,83284,303],{"class":151},[47,83286,83287],{"class":155},"Banana",[47,83289,309],{"class":151},[47,83291,668],{"class":77},[47,83293,303],{"class":151},[47,83295,78668],{"class":155},[47,83297,309],{"class":151},[47,83299,679],{"class":77},[47,83301,83302,83304,83306,83308,83310,83312],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,83303,99],{"class":98},[47,83305,78],{"class":77},[47,83307,82564],{"class":98},[47,83309,78],{"class":77},[47,83311,4048],{"class":81},[47,83313,123],{"class":77},[20,83315,83316],{},"The result may not be what you expect because uppercase letters are compared differently from lowercase letters.",[20,83318,83319,83320,83322],{},"You can fix that with the ",[15,83321,14776],{}," argument, which is explained below.",[33,83324,36546,83325,36549],{"id":78626},[15,83326,14776],{},[20,83328,1939,83329,83331],{},[15,83330,14776],{}," argument lets you control how items are compared.",[20,83333,83334],{},"This is very useful when the “largest” item is not simply the normal largest value.",[373,83336,83338],{"id":83337},"find-the-longest-word","Find the longest word",[38,83340,83342],{"className":40,"code":83341,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(max(words, key=len))\n",[15,83343,83344,83376],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83345,83346,83348,83350,83352,83354,83356,83358,83360,83362,83364,83366,83368,83370,83372,83374],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83347,4006],{"class":53},[47,83349,58],{"class":57},[47,83351,662],{"class":77},[47,83353,309],{"class":151},[47,83355,36981],{"class":155},[47,83357,309],{"class":151},[47,83359,668],{"class":77},[47,83361,303],{"class":151},[47,83363,68253],{"class":155},[47,83365,309],{"class":151},[47,83367,668],{"class":77},[47,83369,303],{"class":151},[47,83371,58054],{"class":155},[47,83373,309],{"class":151},[47,83375,679],{"class":77},[47,83377,83378,83380,83382,83384,83386,83388,83390,83392,83394,83396],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,83379,99],{"class":98},[47,83381,78],{"class":77},[47,83383,82564],{"class":98},[47,83385,78],{"class":77},[47,83387,4048],{"class":81},[47,83389,668],{"class":77},[47,83391,21515],{"class":9108},[47,83393,58],{"class":57},[47,83395,11095],{"class":98},[47,83397,123],{"class":77},[20,83399,129],{},[38,83401,83403],{"className":40,"code":83402,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"elephant\n",[15,83404,83405],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83406,83407],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83408,83402],{"class":53},[20,83410,267,83411,83414],{},[15,83412,83413],{},"key=len"," tells Python to compare the lengths of the strings instead of the strings themselves.",[20,83416,83417,83418,33562,83420,914],{},"If you are new to ",[15,83419,42292],{},[360,83421,83422,5717],{"href":42289},[15,83423,42292],{},[373,83425,83427],{"id":83426},"compare-strings-without-caring-about-uppercase-or-lowercase","Compare strings without caring about uppercase or lowercase",[38,83429,83431],{"className":40,"code":83430,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,83432,83433,83465],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83434,83435,83437,83439,83441,83443,83445,83447,83449,83451,83453,83455,83457,83459,83461,83463],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83436,4006],{"class":53},[47,83438,58],{"class":57},[47,83440,662],{"class":77},[47,83442,309],{"class":151},[47,83444,1425],{"class":155},[47,83446,309],{"class":151},[47,83448,668],{"class":77},[47,83450,303],{"class":151},[47,83452,83287],{"class":155},[47,83454,309],{"class":151},[47,83456,668],{"class":77},[47,83458,303],{"class":151},[47,83460,78668],{"class":155},[47,83462,309],{"class":151},[47,83464,679],{"class":77},[47,83466,83467,83469,83471,83473,83475,83477,83479,83481,83483,83485,83487,83489],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,83468,99],{"class":98},[47,83470,78],{"class":77},[47,83472,82564],{"class":98},[47,83474,78],{"class":77},[47,83476,4048],{"class":81},[47,83478,668],{"class":77},[47,83480,21515],{"class":9108},[47,83482,58],{"class":57},[47,83484,156],{"class":73},[47,83486,914],{"class":77},[47,83488,8571],{"class":24685},[47,83490,123],{"class":77},[20,83492,129],{},[38,83494,83495],{"className":40,"code":82670,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,83496,83497],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83498,83499],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83500,82670],{"class":53},[20,83502,267,83503,83505],{},[15,83504,78622],{}," converts each string to lowercase for comparison.",[373,83507,83509],{"id":83508},"use-a-lambda-function","Use a lambda function",[20,83511,83512,83513,2826],{},"You can also use a small custom function with ",[15,83514,37594],{},[38,83516,83518],{"className":40,"code":83517,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"a\", \"bb\", \"cccc\", \"ddd\"]\nprint(max(items, key=lambda text: len(text)))\n",[15,83519,83520,83563],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83521,83522,83524,83526,83528,83530,83532,83534,83536,83538,83541,83543,83545,83547,83550,83552,83554,83556,83559,83561],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83523,657],{"class":53},[47,83525,58],{"class":57},[47,83527,662],{"class":77},[47,83529,309],{"class":151},[47,83531,360],{"class":155},[47,83533,309],{"class":151},[47,83535,668],{"class":77},[47,83537,303],{"class":151},[47,83539,83540],{"class":155},"bb",[47,83542,309],{"class":151},[47,83544,668],{"class":77},[47,83546,303],{"class":151},[47,83548,83549],{"class":155},"cccc",[47,83551,309],{"class":151},[47,83553,668],{"class":77},[47,83555,303],{"class":151},[47,83557,83558],{"class":155},"ddd",[47,83560,309],{"class":151},[47,83562,679],{"class":77},[47,83564,83565,83567,83569,83571,83573,83575,83577,83579,83581,83583,83585,83587,83589,83591,83593],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,83566,99],{"class":98},[47,83568,78],{"class":77},[47,83570,82564],{"class":98},[47,83572,78],{"class":77},[47,83574,692],{"class":81},[47,83576,668],{"class":77},[47,83578,21515],{"class":9108},[47,83580,58],{"class":57},[47,83582,37594],{"class":147},[47,83584,42772],{"class":37597},[47,83586,2826],{"class":77},[47,83588,38321],{"class":98},[47,83590,78],{"class":77},[47,83592,104],{"class":81},[47,83594,2854],{"class":77},[20,83596,129],{},[38,83598,83600],{"className":40,"code":83599,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"cccc\n",[15,83601,83602],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83603,83604],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83605,83599],{"class":53},[20,83607,49475,83608,4329,83610,83612],{},[15,83609,83413],{},[15,83611,78509],{}," are the most useful examples to remember.",[33,83614,36546,83616,36549],{"id":83615},"using-the-default-argument",[15,83617,82860],{},[20,83619,1939,83620,83622],{},[15,83621,82860],{}," argument only works with the iterable form.",[20,83624,83625],{},"It prevents an error when the iterable is empty.",[38,83627,83629],{"className":40,"code":83628,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,83630,83631,83639],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83632,83633,83635,83637],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83634,3554],{"class":53},[47,83636,58],{"class":57},[47,83638,7770],{"class":77},[47,83640,83641,83643,83645,83647,83649,83651,83653,83655,83657,83659],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,83642,99],{"class":98},[47,83644,78],{"class":77},[47,83646,82564],{"class":98},[47,83648,78],{"class":77},[47,83650,3584],{"class":81},[47,83652,668],{"class":77},[47,83654,26456],{"class":9108},[47,83656,58],{"class":57},[47,83658,2077],{"class":61},[47,83660,123],{"class":77},[20,83662,129],{},[38,83664,83665],{"className":40,"code":47179,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,83666,83667],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83668,83669],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83670,47179],{"class":61},[20,83672,83673],{},"This is helpful when a list may have no items.",[20,83675,83676,83677,83679],{},"Without ",[15,83678,82860],{},", this would raise an error.",[20,83681,52006],{},[38,83683,83685],{"className":40,"code":83684,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = []\nresult = max(words, default=\"no words found\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,83686,83687,83695,83722],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83688,83689,83691,83693],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83690,4006],{"class":53},[47,83692,58],{"class":57},[47,83694,7770],{"class":77},[47,83696,83697,83699,83701,83703,83705,83707,83709,83711,83713,83715,83718,83720],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,83698,2184],{"class":53},[47,83700,58],{"class":57},[47,83702,82911],{"class":98},[47,83704,78],{"class":77},[47,83706,4048],{"class":81},[47,83708,668],{"class":77},[47,83710,26456],{"class":9108},[47,83712,58],{"class":57},[47,83714,309],{"class":151},[47,83716,83717],{"class":155},"no words found",[47,83719,309],{"class":151},[47,83721,85],{"class":77},[47,83723,83724,83726,83728,83730],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,83725,99],{"class":98},[47,83727,78],{"class":77},[47,83729,2218],{"class":81},[47,83731,85],{"class":77},[20,83733,129],{},[38,83735,83737],{"className":40,"code":83736,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"no words found\n",[15,83738,83739],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83740,83741],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83742,83736],{"class":53},[20,83744,83745],{},"Important:",[185,83747,83748,83756],{},[188,83749,83750,83752,83753],{},[15,83751,82860],{}," works with ",[15,83754,83755],{},"max(iterable, default=value)",[188,83757,40839,83758,83760,83761],{},[127,83759,768],{}," work with multiple separate arguments like ",[15,83762,83763],{},"max(1, 2, 3, default=0)",[33,83765,47913],{"id":47912},[20,83767,83768,83769,914],{},"There are a few common errors when using ",[15,83770,82505],{},[373,83772,83774,83776],{"id":83773},"valueerror-with-an-empty-iterable",[15,83775,40637],{}," with an empty iterable",[20,83778,83779,83780,45839,83782,914],{},"If the iterable is empty and you do not provide ",[15,83781,82860],{},[15,83783,40637],{},[38,83785,83787],{"className":40,"code":83786,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers))\n",[15,83788,83789,83797],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83790,83791,83793,83795],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83792,3554],{"class":53},[47,83794,58],{"class":57},[47,83796,7770],{"class":77},[47,83798,83799,83801,83803,83805,83807,83809],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,83800,99],{"class":98},[47,83802,78],{"class":77},[47,83804,82564],{"class":98},[47,83806,78],{"class":77},[47,83808,3584],{"class":81},[47,83810,123],{"class":77},[20,83812,29615],{},[38,83814,83816],{"className":40,"code":83815,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"ValueError: max() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,83817,83818],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83819,83820,83822,83824,83826,83828,83831,83833],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83821,40637],{"class":73},[47,83823,2826],{"class":77},[47,83825,82911],{"class":98},[47,83827,7298],{"class":77},[47,83829,83830],{"class":53}," arg ",[47,83832,353],{"class":57},[47,83834,83835],{"class":53}," an empty sequence\n",[20,83837,83838,83839,2826],{},"Fix it by using ",[15,83840,82860],{},[38,83842,83844],{"className":40,"code":83843,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,83845,83846,83854],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83847,83848,83850,83852],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83849,3554],{"class":53},[47,83851,58],{"class":57},[47,83853,7770],{"class":77},[47,83855,83856,83858,83860,83862,83864,83866,83868,83870,83872,83874],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,83857,99],{"class":98},[47,83859,78],{"class":77},[47,83861,82564],{"class":98},[47,83863,78],{"class":77},[47,83865,3584],{"class":81},[47,83867,668],{"class":77},[47,83869,26456],{"class":9108},[47,83871,58],{"class":57},[47,83873,3713],{"class":571},[47,83875,123],{"class":77},[20,83877,83878,83879,914],{},"If you need more help with this kind of problem, see ",[360,83880,65766],{"href":72804},[373,83882,83884,83886],{"id":83883},"typeerror-when-items-cannot-be-compared",[15,83885,2947],{}," when items cannot be compared",[20,83888,83889,83890,914],{},"If Python cannot compare the items, you get a ",[15,83891,2947],{},[38,83893,83895],{"className":40,"code":83894,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [10, \"20\", 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,83896,83897,83921],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83898,83899,83901,83903,83905,83907,83909,83911,83913,83915,83917,83919],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83900,657],{"class":53},[47,83902,58],{"class":57},[47,83904,662],{"class":77},[47,83906,193],{"class":61},[47,83908,668],{"class":77},[47,83910,303],{"class":151},[47,83912,15689],{"class":155},[47,83914,309],{"class":151},[47,83916,668],{"class":77},[47,83918,7727],{"class":61},[47,83920,679],{"class":77},[47,83922,83923,83925,83927,83929,83931,83933],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,83924,99],{"class":98},[47,83926,78],{"class":77},[47,83928,82564],{"class":98},[47,83930,78],{"class":77},[47,83932,692],{"class":81},[47,83934,123],{"class":77},[20,83936,83937],{},"This fails because integers and strings are different types and cannot be compared normally.",[20,83939,83940],{},"Fix it by making the items the same type:",[38,83942,83944],{"className":40,"code":83943,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,83945,83946,83966],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83947,83948,83950,83952,83954,83956,83958,83960,83962,83964],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83949,657],{"class":53},[47,83951,58],{"class":57},[47,83953,662],{"class":77},[47,83955,193],{"class":61},[47,83957,668],{"class":77},[47,83959,7722],{"class":61},[47,83961,668],{"class":77},[47,83963,7727],{"class":61},[47,83965,679],{"class":77},[47,83967,83968,83970,83972,83974,83976,83978],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,83969,99],{"class":98},[47,83971,78],{"class":77},[47,83973,82564],{"class":98},[47,83975,78],{"class":77},[47,83977,692],{"class":81},[47,83979,123],{"class":77},[20,83981,83982,83983,914],{},"If you are debugging this kind of issue, see ",[360,83984,83986],{"href":83985},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained","TypeError in Python: causes and fixes",[373,83988,83990,83992],{"id":83989},"typeerror-when-called-with-no-arguments",[15,83991,2947],{}," when called with no arguments",[20,83994,83995,83997],{},[15,83996,82505],{}," needs at least one iterable or at least two values.",[38,83999,84001],{"className":40,"code":84000,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(max())\n",[15,84002,84003],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,84004,84005,84007,84009,84011],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,84006,99],{"class":98},[47,84008,78],{"class":77},[47,84010,82564],{"class":98},[47,84012,7127],{"class":77},[20,84014,2944,84015,914],{},[15,84016,2947],{},[33,84018,84020,920,84022],{"id":84019},"max-vs-sorted",[15,84021,82505],{},[15,84023,74350],{},[20,84025,84026],{},"These two functions are related, but they do different things.",[20,84028,84029,2826],{},[15,84030,82505],{},[185,84032,84033],{},[188,84034,84035],{},"Returns one largest item",[20,84037,84038,2826],{},[15,84039,74350],{},[185,84041,84042],{},[188,84043,84044],{},"Returns a new sorted list of all items",[20,84046,800],{},[38,84048,84050],{"className":40,"code":84049,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\n\nprint(max(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,84051,84052,84076,84080,84094],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,84053,84054,84056,84058,84060,84062,84064,84066,84068,84070,84072,84074],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,84055,3554],{"class":53},[47,84057,58],{"class":57},[47,84059,662],{"class":77},[47,84061,2021],{"class":61},[47,84063,668],{"class":77},[47,84065,6295],{"class":61},[47,84067,668],{"class":77},[47,84069,671],{"class":61},[47,84071,668],{"class":77},[47,84073,4540],{"class":61},[47,84075,679],{"class":77},[47,84077,84078],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,84079,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,84081,84082,84084,84086,84088,84090,84092],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,84083,99],{"class":98},[47,84085,78],{"class":77},[47,84087,82564],{"class":98},[47,84089,78],{"class":77},[47,84091,3584],{"class":81},[47,84093,123],{"class":77},[47,84095,84096,84098,84100,84102,84104,84106],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,84097,99],{"class":98},[47,84099,78],{"class":77},[47,84101,74440],{"class":98},[47,84103,78],{"class":77},[47,84105,3584],{"class":81},[47,84107,123],{"class":77},[20,84109,129],{},[38,84111,84113],{"className":40,"code":84112,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"8\n[2, 3, 5, 8]\n",[15,84114,84115,84119],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,84116,84117],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,84118,2330],{"class":61},[47,84120,84121,84123,84125,84127,84129,84131,84133,84135,84137],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,84122,736],{"class":77},[47,84124,2016],{"class":61},[47,84126,668],{"class":77},[47,84128,676],{"class":61},[47,84130,668],{"class":77},[47,84132,4540],{"class":61},[47,84134,668],{"class":77},[47,84136,6295],{"class":61},[47,84138,679],{"class":77},[20,84140,165,84141,84143],{},[15,84142,82505],{}," when you only need the largest value.",[20,84145,165,84146,84150],{},[360,84147,84148],{"href":74447},[15,84149,74350],{}," when you need all items in order.",[20,84152,84153,84154,914],{},"If you want the smallest item instead, compare this with ",[360,84155,84157],{"href":84156},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained\u002F",[15,84158,84159],{},"min()",[33,84161,2775],{"id":2774},[20,84163,84164],{},"Beginners often run into these problems:",[185,84166,84167,84174,84177,84182,84185],{},[188,84168,29584,84169,84171,84172],{},[15,84170,82505],{}," on an empty list without ",[15,84173,82860],{},[188,84175,84176],{},"Mixing incompatible types like integers and strings",[188,84178,1400,84179,84181],{},[15,84180,82505],{}," to return all large items instead of one item",[188,84183,84184],{},"Forgetting that strings are compared alphabetically",[188,84186,1335,84187,84189],{},[15,84188,82860],{}," with multiple separate arguments",[20,84191,11046],{},[38,84193,84195],{"className":40,"code":84194,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(items)\nprint(type(items))\nprint(len(items))\nprint(max(items))\nprint(max(items, default=None))\nprint([type(x) for x in items])\n",[15,84196,84197,84207,84221,84235,84249,84271],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,84198,84199,84201,84203,84205],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,84200,99],{"class":98},[47,84202,78],{"class":77},[47,84204,692],{"class":81},[47,84206,85],{"class":77},[47,84208,84209,84211,84213,84215,84217,84219],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,84210,99],{"class":98},[47,84212,78],{"class":77},[47,84214,116],{"class":73},[47,84216,78],{"class":77},[47,84218,692],{"class":81},[47,84220,123],{"class":77},[47,84222,84223,84225,84227,84229,84231,84233],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,84224,99],{"class":98},[47,84226,78],{"class":77},[47,84228,11095],{"class":98},[47,84230,78],{"class":77},[47,84232,692],{"class":81},[47,84234,123],{"class":77},[47,84236,84237,84239,84241,84243,84245,84247],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,84238,99],{"class":98},[47,84240,78],{"class":77},[47,84242,82564],{"class":98},[47,84244,78],{"class":77},[47,84246,692],{"class":81},[47,84248,123],{"class":77},[47,84250,84251,84253,84255,84257,84259,84261,84263,84265,84267,84269],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,84252,99],{"class":98},[47,84254,78],{"class":77},[47,84256,82564],{"class":98},[47,84258,78],{"class":77},[47,84260,692],{"class":81},[47,84262,668],{"class":77},[47,84264,26456],{"class":9108},[47,84266,58],{"class":57},[47,84268,3713],{"class":571},[47,84270,123],{"class":77},[47,84272,84273,84275,84277,84279,84281,84283,84285,84287,84289,84291,84293],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,84274,99],{"class":98},[47,84276,2928],{"class":77},[47,84278,116],{"class":73},[47,84280,78],{"class":77},[47,84282,2131],{"class":81},[47,84284,862],{"class":77},[47,84286,3813],{"class":3812},[47,84288,3816],{"class":81},[47,84290,3819],{"class":3812},[47,84292,5900],{"class":81},[47,84294,3825],{"class":77},[20,84296,84297],{},"These are useful for checking:",[185,84299,84300,84305,84310,84313],{},[188,84301,84302,84303],{},"What is actually inside ",[15,84304,692],{},[188,84306,79675,84307,84309],{},[15,84308,692],{}," is a list or some other type",[188,84311,84312],{},"Whether the iterable is empty",[188,84314,84315],{},"Whether all items have compatible types",[20,84317,69274,84318,84321,84322,84324],{},[15,84319,84320],{},"print(max(items))"," if ",[15,84323,692],{}," might be empty or contain mixed types, because that line can also raise an error.",[33,84326,1762],{"id":1761},[373,84328,1766,84330,1769],{"id":84329},"what-does-max-return-in-python",[15,84331,82505],{},[20,84333,84334],{},"It returns the largest item from an iterable or the largest of two or more values.",[373,84336,1786,84338,84340],{"id":84337},"can-max-work-with-strings",[15,84339,82505],{}," work with strings?",[20,84342,84343],{},"Yes. It compares strings using alphabetical order, based on character values.",[373,84345,71573],{"id":71572},[20,84347,84348,52421,84350,84352,84353,84355],{},[15,84349,82505],{},[15,84351,40637],{}," unless you use the ",[15,84354,82860],{}," argument with the iterable form.",[373,84357,84359,84360,1812],{"id":84358},"how-do-i-get-the-longest-string-with-max","How do I get the longest string with ",[15,84361,82505],{},[20,84363,165,84364,2826],{},[15,84365,83413],{},[38,84367,84368],{"className":40,"code":83341,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,84369,84370,84402],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,84371,84372,84374,84376,84378,84380,84382,84384,84386,84388,84390,84392,84394,84396,84398,84400],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,84373,4006],{"class":53},[47,84375,58],{"class":57},[47,84377,662],{"class":77},[47,84379,309],{"class":151},[47,84381,36981],{"class":155},[47,84383,309],{"class":151},[47,84385,668],{"class":77},[47,84387,303],{"class":151},[47,84389,68253],{"class":155},[47,84391,309],{"class":151},[47,84393,668],{"class":77},[47,84395,303],{"class":151},[47,84397,58054],{"class":155},[47,84399,309],{"class":151},[47,84401,679],{"class":77},[47,84403,84404,84406,84408,84410,84412,84414,84416,84418,84420,84422],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,84405,99],{"class":98},[47,84407,78],{"class":77},[47,84409,82564],{"class":98},[47,84411,78],{"class":77},[47,84413,4048],{"class":81},[47,84415,668],{"class":77},[47,84417,21515],{"class":9108},[47,84419,58],{"class":57},[47,84421,11095],{"class":98},[47,84423,123],{"class":77},[373,84425,5111,84427,4329,84429,1812],{"id":84426},"what-is-the-difference-between-max-and-sorted",[15,84428,82505],{},[15,84430,74350],{},[20,84432,84433,84435,84436,84438],{},[15,84434,82505],{}," returns one largest item. ",[15,84437,74350],{}," returns all items in order.",[33,84440,1825],{"id":1824},[185,84442,84443,84449,84455,84461,84465,84469],{},[188,84444,84445],{},[360,84446,84447,1834],{"href":84156},[15,84448,84159],{},[188,84450,84451],{},[360,84452,84453,1834],{"href":74447},[15,84454,74350],{},[188,84456,84457],{},[360,84458,84459,1834],{"href":42289},[15,84460,42292],{},[188,84462,84463],{},[360,84464,58883],{"href":58882},[188,84466,84467],{},[360,84468,65766],{"href":72804},[188,84470,84471],{},[360,84472,83986],{"href":83985},[1875,84474,84475],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki 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.s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":65,"depth":65,"links":84477},[84478,84479,84481,84482,84484,84486,84488,84493,84495,84503,84505,84506,84517],{"id":35,"depth":65,"text":36},{"id":82695,"depth":65,"text":84480},"What max() does",{"id":244,"depth":65,"text":245},{"id":82864,"depth":65,"text":84483},"Using max() with a list of numbers",{"id":83034,"depth":65,"text":84485},"Using max() with separate values",{"id":83169,"depth":65,"text":84487},"Using max() with strings",{"id":78626,"depth":65,"text":79824,"children":84489},[84490,84491,84492],{"id":83337,"depth":88,"text":83338},{"id":83426,"depth":88,"text":83427},{"id":83508,"depth":88,"text":83509},{"id":83615,"depth":65,"text":84494},"Using the default argument",{"id":47912,"depth":65,"text":47913,"children":84496},[84497,84499,84501],{"id":83773,"depth":88,"text":84498},"ValueError with an empty iterable",{"id":83883,"depth":88,"text":84500},"TypeError when items cannot be compared",{"id":83989,"depth":88,"text":84502},"TypeError when called with no arguments",{"id":84019,"depth":65,"text":84504},"max() vs sorted()",{"id":2774,"depth":65,"text":2775},{"id":1761,"depth":65,"text":1762,"children":84507},[84508,84510,84512,84513,84515],{"id":84329,"depth":88,"text":84509},"What does max() return in Python?",{"id":84337,"depth":88,"text":84511},"Can max() work with strings?",{"id":71572,"depth":88,"text":71573},{"id":84358,"depth":88,"text":84514},"How do I get the longest string with max()?",{"id":84426,"depth":88,"text":84516},"What is the difference between max() and sorted()?",{"id":1824,"depth":65,"text":1825},"Master python max function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained",{"title":82497,"description":84518},"reference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained","hvpxLEK57awlwmwmUnkeI93490TdK4SLeAU63KWEzvc",{"id":84525,"title":84526,"body":84527,"description":86480,"extension":1922,"meta":86481,"navigation":91,"path":86482,"seo":86483,"stem":86484,"__hash__":86485},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained.md","Python min() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":84528,"toc":86437},[84529,84534,84539,84545,84547,84621,84623,84636,84641,84646,84662,84666,84671,84747,84753,84756,84799,84801,84809,84815,84818,84849,84851,84859,84865,84870,84929,84931,84940,84943,84953,84959,84964,84999,85001,85009,85015,85021,85026,85070,85072,85081,85084,85124,85126,85135,85138,85150,85155,85160,85211,85213,85222,85225,85276,85278,85287,85290,85297,85303,85308,85310,85325,85329,85389,85391,85400,85404,85575,85577,85614,85621,85627,85630,85657,85659,85680,85685,85720,85722,85730,85733,85736,85752,85757,85759,85763,85769,85773,85800,85803,85813,85853,85857,85860,85903,85905,85914,85917,85922,85991,85993,86001,86006,86010,86013,86064,86066,86074,86077,86140,86142,86150,86153,86158,86162,86175,86182,86190,86192,86194,86224,86230,86331,86341,86343,86348,86351,86356,86359,86361,86369,86377,86385,86392,86400,86402,86434],[10,84530,13,84532,18],{"id":84531},"python-min-function-explained",[15,84533,84159],{},[20,84535,84536,84538],{},[15,84537,84159],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns the smallest item. You can use it with a single iterable, like a list or tuple, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[20,84540,84541,84542,84544],{},"This page explains what ",[15,84543,84159],{}," does, its main syntax forms, and the common mistakes beginners make when using it.",[33,84546,36],{"id":35},[38,84548,84550],{"className":40,"code":84549,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n\nprint(min(5, 2, 9, 1))\n",[15,84551,84552,84576,84591,84595],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,84553,84554,84556,84558,84560,84562,84564,84566,84568,84570,84572,84574],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,84555,3554],{"class":53},[47,84557,58],{"class":57},[47,84559,662],{"class":77},[47,84561,2094],{"class":61},[47,84563,668],{"class":77},[47,84565,671],{"class":61},[47,84567,668],{"class":77},[47,84569,54063],{"class":61},[47,84571,668],{"class":77},[47,84573,5431],{"class":61},[47,84575,679],{"class":77},[47,84577,84578,84580,84582,84585,84587,84589],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,84579,99],{"class":98},[47,84581,78],{"class":77},[47,84583,84584],{"class":98},"min",[47,84586,78],{"class":77},[47,84588,3584],{"class":81},[47,84590,123],{"class":77},[47,84592,84593],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,84594,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,84596,84597,84599,84601,84603,84605,84607,84609,84611,84613,84615,84617,84619],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,84598,99],{"class":98},[47,84600,78],{"class":77},[47,84602,84584],{"class":98},[47,84604,78],{"class":77},[47,84606,2094],{"class":61},[47,84608,668],{"class":77},[47,84610,671],{"class":61},[47,84612,668],{"class":77},[47,84614,54063],{"class":61},[47,84616,668],{"class":77},[47,84618,5431],{"class":61},[47,84620,123],{"class":77},[20,84622,129],{},[38,84624,84626],{"className":40,"code":84625,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"1\n1\n",[15,84627,84628,84632],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,84629,84630],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,84631,46844],{"class":61},[47,84633,84634],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,84635,46844],{"class":61},[20,84637,165,84638,84640],{},[15,84639,84159],{}," with one iterable like a list, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[33,84642,172,84644,175],{"id":84643},"what-min-does",[15,84645,84159],{},[185,84647,84648,84653,84656,84659],{},[188,84649,84650,84652],{},[15,84651,84159],{}," returns the smallest item",[188,84654,84655],{},"It can compare numbers, strings, and other comparable values",[188,84657,84658],{},"It is a built-in Python function",[188,84660,84661],{},"This page explains the function itself, not task-based use cases",[33,84663,84665],{"id":84664},"main-syntax-forms","Main syntax forms",[20,84667,84668,84669,2826],{},"Here are the main ways to use ",[15,84670,84159],{},[38,84672,84674],{"className":40,"code":84673,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"min(iterable)\nmin(value1, value2, value3, ...)\nmin(iterable, key=...)\nmin(iterable, default=...)\n",[15,84675,84676,84686,84711,84729],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,84677,84678,84680,84682,84684],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,84679,84584],{"class":98},[47,84681,78],{"class":77},[47,84683,3655],{"class":81},[47,84685,85],{"class":77},[47,84687,84688,84690,84692,84695,84697,84700,84702,84705,84707,84709],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,84689,84584],{"class":98},[47,84691,78],{"class":77},[47,84693,84694],{"class":81},"value1",[47,84696,668],{"class":77},[47,84698,84699],{"class":81}," value2",[47,84701,668],{"class":77},[47,84703,84704],{"class":81}," value3",[47,84706,668],{"class":77},[47,84708,34388],{"class":98},[47,84710,85],{"class":77},[47,84712,84713,84715,84717,84719,84721,84723,84725,84727],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,84714,84584],{"class":98},[47,84716,78],{"class":77},[47,84718,3655],{"class":81},[47,84720,668],{"class":77},[47,84722,21515],{"class":9108},[47,84724,58],{"class":57},[47,84726,37305],{"class":98},[47,84728,85],{"class":77},[47,84730,84731,84733,84735,84737,84739,84741,84743,84745],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,84732,84584],{"class":98},[47,84734,78],{"class":77},[47,84736,3655],{"class":81},[47,84738,668],{"class":77},[47,84740,26456],{"class":9108},[47,84742,58],{"class":57},[47,84744,37305],{"class":98},[47,84746,85],{"class":77},[373,84748,84750],{"id":84749},"miniterable",[15,84751,84752],{},"min(iterable)",[20,84754,84755],{},"Use this form when you have one collection of values.",[38,84757,84759],{"className":40,"code":84758,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [8, 3, 12, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,84760,84761,84785],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,84762,84763,84765,84767,84769,84771,84773,84775,84777,84779,84781,84783],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,84764,3554],{"class":53},[47,84766,58],{"class":57},[47,84768,662],{"class":77},[47,84770,2295],{"class":61},[47,84772,668],{"class":77},[47,84774,676],{"class":61},[47,84776,668],{"class":77},[47,84778,30877],{"class":61},[47,84780,668],{"class":77},[47,84782,5431],{"class":61},[47,84784,679],{"class":77},[47,84786,84787,84789,84791,84793,84795,84797],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,84788,99],{"class":98},[47,84790,78],{"class":77},[47,84792,84584],{"class":98},[47,84794,78],{"class":77},[47,84796,3584],{"class":81},[47,84798,123],{"class":77},[20,84800,129],{},[38,84802,84803],{"className":40,"code":46844,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,84804,84805],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,84806,84807],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,84808,46844],{"class":61},[373,84810,84812],{"id":84811},"minvalue1-value2-value3",[15,84813,84814],{},"min(value1, value2, value3, ...)",[20,84816,84817],{},"Use this form when you want to compare separate values directly.",[38,84819,84821],{"className":40,"code":84820,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(min(8, 3, 12, 1))\n",[15,84822,84823],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,84824,84825,84827,84829,84831,84833,84835,84837,84839,84841,84843,84845,84847],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,84826,99],{"class":98},[47,84828,78],{"class":77},[47,84830,84584],{"class":98},[47,84832,78],{"class":77},[47,84834,2295],{"class":61},[47,84836,668],{"class":77},[47,84838,676],{"class":61},[47,84840,668],{"class":77},[47,84842,30877],{"class":61},[47,84844,668],{"class":77},[47,84846,5431],{"class":61},[47,84848,123],{"class":77},[20,84850,129],{},[38,84852,84853],{"className":40,"code":46844,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,84854,84855],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,84856,84857],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,84858,46844],{"class":61},[373,84860,84862],{"id":84861},"miniterable-key",[15,84863,84864],{},"min(iterable, key=...)",[20,84866,165,84867,84869],{},[15,84868,14776],{}," when you want Python to compare items using a custom rule.",[38,84871,84873],{"className":40,"code":84872,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"pear\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,84874,84875,84907],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,84876,84877,84879,84881,84883,84885,84887,84889,84891,84893,84895,84897,84899,84901,84903,84905],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,84878,4006],{"class":53},[47,84880,58],{"class":57},[47,84882,662],{"class":77},[47,84884,309],{"class":151},[47,84886,78668],{"class":155},[47,84888,309],{"class":151},[47,84890,668],{"class":77},[47,84892,303],{"class":151},[47,84894,38276],{"class":155},[47,84896,309],{"class":151},[47,84898,668],{"class":77},[47,84900,303],{"class":151},[47,84902,1434],{"class":155},[47,84904,309],{"class":151},[47,84906,679],{"class":77},[47,84908,84909,84911,84913,84915,84917,84919,84921,84923,84925,84927],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,84910,99],{"class":98},[47,84912,78],{"class":77},[47,84914,84584],{"class":98},[47,84916,78],{"class":77},[47,84918,4048],{"class":81},[47,84920,668],{"class":77},[47,84922,21515],{"class":9108},[47,84924,58],{"class":57},[47,84926,11095],{"class":98},[47,84928,123],{"class":77},[20,84930,129],{},[38,84932,84934],{"className":40,"code":84933,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"kiwi\n",[15,84935,84936],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,84937,84938],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,84939,84933],{"class":53},[20,84941,84942],{},"Python compares the lengths of the strings, but it returns the original item, not the length.",[20,84944,84945,84946,84948,84949,914],{},"If you are not familiar with ",[15,84947,42292],{},", see the ",[360,84950,84951,1834],{"href":42289},[15,84952,42292],{},[373,84954,84956],{"id":84955},"miniterable-default",[15,84957,84958],{},"min(iterable, default=...)",[20,84960,165,84961,84963],{},[15,84962,82860],{}," when the iterable might be empty.",[38,84965,84967],{"className":40,"code":84966,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,84968,84969,84977],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,84970,84971,84973,84975],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,84972,3554],{"class":53},[47,84974,58],{"class":57},[47,84976,7770],{"class":77},[47,84978,84979,84981,84983,84985,84987,84989,84991,84993,84995,84997],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,84980,99],{"class":98},[47,84982,78],{"class":77},[47,84984,84584],{"class":98},[47,84986,78],{"class":77},[47,84988,3584],{"class":81},[47,84990,668],{"class":77},[47,84992,26456],{"class":9108},[47,84994,58],{"class":57},[47,84996,2077],{"class":61},[47,84998,123],{"class":77},[20,85000,129],{},[38,85002,85003],{"className":40,"code":47179,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,85004,85005],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85006,85007],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85008,47179],{"class":61},[20,85010,85011,85012,85014],{},"This avoids a ",[15,85013,40637],{}," when there is no item to return.",[33,85016,1335,85018,85020],{"id":85017},"using-min-with-numbers",[15,85019,84159],{}," with numbers",[20,85022,85023,85025],{},[15,85024,84159],{}," works with integers and floats. It returns the lowest numeric value.",[38,85027,85029],{"className":40,"code":85028,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"scores = [88, 72, 95, 60]\nprint(min(scores))\n",[15,85030,85031,85056],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85032,85033,85035,85037,85039,85041,85043,85046,85048,85050,85052,85054],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85034,4998],{"class":53},[47,85036,58],{"class":57},[47,85038,662],{"class":77},[47,85040,51431],{"class":61},[47,85042,668],{"class":77},[47,85044,85045],{"class":61}," 72",[47,85047,668],{"class":77},[47,85049,28840],{"class":61},[47,85051,668],{"class":77},[47,85053,76024],{"class":61},[47,85055,679],{"class":77},[47,85057,85058,85060,85062,85064,85066,85068],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,85059,99],{"class":98},[47,85061,78],{"class":77},[47,85063,84584],{"class":98},[47,85065,78],{"class":77},[47,85067,16324],{"class":81},[47,85069,123],{"class":77},[20,85071,129],{},[38,85073,85075],{"className":40,"code":85074,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"60\n",[15,85076,85077],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85078,85079],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85080,85074],{"class":61},[20,85082,85083],{},"It also works with decimal values:",[38,85085,85087],{"className":40,"code":85086,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"prices = [19.99, 5.49, 12.75]\nprint(min(prices))\n",[15,85088,85089,85110],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85090,85091,85093,85095,85097,85099,85101,85104,85106,85108],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85092,82972],{"class":53},[47,85094,58],{"class":57},[47,85096,662],{"class":77},[47,85098,40331],{"class":61},[47,85100,668],{"class":77},[47,85102,85103],{"class":61}," 5.49",[47,85105,668],{"class":77},[47,85107,82988],{"class":61},[47,85109,679],{"class":77},[47,85111,85112,85114,85116,85118,85120,85122],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,85113,99],{"class":98},[47,85115,78],{"class":77},[47,85117,84584],{"class":98},[47,85119,78],{"class":77},[47,85121,83008],{"class":81},[47,85123,123],{"class":77},[20,85125,129],{},[38,85127,85129],{"className":40,"code":85128,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"5.49\n",[15,85130,85131],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85132,85133],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85134,85128],{"class":61},[20,85136,85137],{},"This is useful for things like:",[185,85139,85140,85142,85144,85147],{},[188,85141,16324],{},[188,85143,83008],{},[188,85145,85146],{},"measurements",[188,85148,85149],{},"ages",[33,85151,1335,85153,46986],{"id":85152},"using-min-with-strings",[15,85154,84159],{},[20,85156,85157,85159],{},[15,85158,84159],{}," can also compare strings. It uses character order, which is similar to alphabetical order.",[38,85161,85163],{"className":40,"code":85162,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85164,85165,85197],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85166,85167,85169,85171,85173,85175,85177,85179,85181,85183,85185,85187,85189,85191,85193,85195],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85168,4006],{"class":53},[47,85170,58],{"class":57},[47,85172,662],{"class":77},[47,85174,309],{"class":151},[47,85176,1434],{"class":155},[47,85178,309],{"class":151},[47,85180,668],{"class":77},[47,85182,303],{"class":151},[47,85184,1425],{"class":155},[47,85186,309],{"class":151},[47,85188,668],{"class":77},[47,85190,303],{"class":151},[47,85192,4031],{"class":155},[47,85194,309],{"class":151},[47,85196,679],{"class":77},[47,85198,85199,85201,85203,85205,85207,85209],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,85200,99],{"class":98},[47,85202,78],{"class":77},[47,85204,84584],{"class":98},[47,85206,78],{"class":77},[47,85208,4048],{"class":81},[47,85210,123],{"class":77},[20,85212,129],{},[38,85214,85216],{"className":40,"code":85215,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"apple\n",[15,85217,85218],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85219,85220],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85221,85215],{"class":53},[20,85223,85224],{},"Be careful with uppercase and lowercase letters. They are not treated the same.",[38,85226,85228],{"className":40,"code":85227,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85229,85230,85262],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85231,85232,85234,85236,85238,85240,85242,85244,85246,85248,85250,85252,85254,85256,85258,85260],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85233,4006],{"class":53},[47,85235,58],{"class":57},[47,85237,662],{"class":77},[47,85239,309],{"class":151},[47,85241,1434],{"class":155},[47,85243,309],{"class":151},[47,85245,668],{"class":77},[47,85247,303],{"class":151},[47,85249,57695],{"class":155},[47,85251,309],{"class":151},[47,85253,668],{"class":77},[47,85255,303],{"class":151},[47,85257,4031],{"class":155},[47,85259,309],{"class":151},[47,85261,679],{"class":77},[47,85263,85264,85266,85268,85270,85272,85274],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,85265,99],{"class":98},[47,85267,78],{"class":77},[47,85269,84584],{"class":98},[47,85271,78],{"class":77},[47,85273,4048],{"class":81},[47,85275,123],{"class":77},[20,85277,129],{},[38,85279,85281],{"className":40,"code":85280,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Apple\n",[15,85282,85283],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85284,85285],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85286,85280],{"class":53},[20,85288,85289],{},"This may look surprising at first. Python compares characters by their internal order, so mixed letter case can change the result.",[20,85291,85292,85293,914],{},"If you need all items in order instead of just the smallest one, see ",[360,85294,85295,5717],{"href":74447},[15,85296,74350],{},[33,85298,1335,85300,85302],{"id":85299},"using-min-with-a-key-function",[15,85301,84159],{}," with a key function",[20,85304,1939,85305,85307],{},[15,85306,14776],{}," argument changes how items are compared.",[20,85309,1515],{},[185,85311,85312,85317,85322],{},[188,85313,85314,85316],{},[15,85315,14776],{}," changes the comparison rule",[188,85318,85319,85321],{},[15,85320,84159],{}," still returns the original item",[188,85323,85324],{},"This is useful for custom comparisons",[373,85326,85328],{"id":85327},"find-the-shortest-string","Find the shortest string",[38,85330,85332],{"className":40,"code":85331,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"elephant\", \"cat\", \"giraffe\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,85333,85334,85367],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85335,85336,85338,85340,85342,85344,85346,85348,85350,85352,85354,85356,85358,85360,85363,85365],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85337,4006],{"class":53},[47,85339,58],{"class":57},[47,85341,662],{"class":77},[47,85343,309],{"class":151},[47,85345,68253],{"class":155},[47,85347,309],{"class":151},[47,85349,668],{"class":77},[47,85351,303],{"class":151},[47,85353,36981],{"class":155},[47,85355,309],{"class":151},[47,85357,668],{"class":77},[47,85359,303],{"class":151},[47,85361,85362],{"class":155},"giraffe",[47,85364,309],{"class":151},[47,85366,679],{"class":77},[47,85368,85369,85371,85373,85375,85377,85379,85381,85383,85385,85387],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,85370,99],{"class":98},[47,85372,78],{"class":77},[47,85374,84584],{"class":98},[47,85376,78],{"class":77},[47,85378,4048],{"class":81},[47,85380,668],{"class":77},[47,85382,21515],{"class":9108},[47,85384,58],{"class":57},[47,85386,11095],{"class":98},[47,85388,123],{"class":77},[20,85390,129],{},[38,85392,85394],{"className":40,"code":85393,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"cat\n",[15,85395,85396],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85397,85398],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85399,85393],{"class":53},[373,85401,85403],{"id":85402},"find-the-dictionary-with-the-smallest-value","Find the dictionary with the smallest value",[38,85405,85407],{"className":40,"code":85406,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"students = [\n    {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"score\": 85},\n    {\"name\": \"Ben\", \"score\": 72},\n    {\"name\": \"Cara\", \"score\": 90}\n]\n\nlowest = min(students, key=lambda student: student[\"score\"])\nprint(lowest)\n",[15,85408,85409,85419,85453,85485,85517,85521,85525,85564],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85410,85411,85414,85416],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85412,85413],{"class":53},"students ",[47,85415,58],{"class":57},[47,85417,85418],{"class":77}," [\n",[47,85420,85421,85424,85426,85428,85430,85432,85434,85436,85438,85440,85442,85444,85446,85448,85450],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,85422,85423],{"class":77},"    {",[47,85425,309],{"class":151},[47,85427,7601],{"class":155},[47,85429,309],{"class":151},[47,85431,2826],{"class":77},[47,85433,303],{"class":151},[47,85435,12814],{"class":155},[47,85437,309],{"class":151},[47,85439,668],{"class":77},[47,85441,303],{"class":151},[47,85443,319],{"class":155},[47,85445,309],{"class":151},[47,85447,2826],{"class":77},[47,85449,13442],{"class":61},[47,85451,85452],{"class":77},"},\n",[47,85454,85455,85457,85459,85461,85463,85465,85467,85469,85471,85473,85475,85477,85479,85481,85483],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,85456,85423],{"class":77},[47,85458,309],{"class":151},[47,85460,7601],{"class":155},[47,85462,309],{"class":151},[47,85464,2826],{"class":77},[47,85466,303],{"class":151},[47,85468,35875],{"class":155},[47,85470,309],{"class":151},[47,85472,668],{"class":77},[47,85474,303],{"class":151},[47,85476,319],{"class":155},[47,85478,309],{"class":151},[47,85480,2826],{"class":77},[47,85482,85045],{"class":61},[47,85484,85452],{"class":77},[47,85486,85487,85489,85491,85493,85495,85497,85499,85501,85503,85505,85507,85509,85511,85513,85515],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,85488,85423],{"class":77},[47,85490,309],{"class":151},[47,85492,7601],{"class":155},[47,85494,309],{"class":151},[47,85496,2826],{"class":77},[47,85498,303],{"class":151},[47,85500,35884],{"class":155},[47,85502,309],{"class":151},[47,85504,668],{"class":77},[47,85506,303],{"class":151},[47,85508,319],{"class":155},[47,85510,309],{"class":151},[47,85512,2826],{"class":77},[47,85514,19834],{"class":61},[47,85516,9240],{"class":77},[47,85518,85519],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,85520,679],{"class":77},[47,85522,85523],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,85524,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,85526,85527,85530,85532,85535,85537,85540,85542,85544,85546,85548,85550,85552,85554,85556,85558,85560,85562],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,85528,85529],{"class":53},"lowest ",[47,85531,58],{"class":57},[47,85533,85534],{"class":98}," min",[47,85536,78],{"class":77},[47,85538,85539],{"class":81},"students",[47,85541,668],{"class":77},[47,85543,21515],{"class":9108},[47,85545,58],{"class":57},[47,85547,37594],{"class":147},[47,85549,12840],{"class":37597},[47,85551,2826],{"class":77},[47,85553,12840],{"class":81},[47,85555,736],{"class":77},[47,85557,309],{"class":151},[47,85559,319],{"class":155},[47,85561,309],{"class":151},[47,85563,3825],{"class":77},[47,85565,85566,85568,85570,85573],{"class":49,"line":1734},[47,85567,99],{"class":98},[47,85569,78],{"class":77},[47,85571,85572],{"class":81},"lowest",[47,85574,85],{"class":77},[20,85576,129],{},[38,85578,85580],{"className":40,"code":85579,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'name': 'Ben', 'score': 72}\n",[15,85581,85582],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85583,85584,85586,85588,85590,85592,85594,85596,85598,85600,85602,85604,85606,85608,85610,85612],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85585,9211],{"class":77},[47,85587,159],{"class":151},[47,85589,7601],{"class":155},[47,85591,159],{"class":151},[47,85593,2826],{"class":77},[47,85595,152],{"class":151},[47,85597,35875],{"class":155},[47,85599,159],{"class":151},[47,85601,668],{"class":77},[47,85603,152],{"class":151},[47,85605,319],{"class":155},[47,85607,159],{"class":151},[47,85609,2826],{"class":77},[47,85611,85045],{"class":61},[47,85613,9240],{"class":77},[20,85615,85616,85617,85620],{},"Here, Python compares the ",[15,85618,85619],{},"\"score\""," values, but it returns the full dictionary.",[33,85622,1335,85624,85626],{"id":85623},"using-default-with-empty-iterables",[15,85625,82860],{}," with empty iterables",[20,85628,85629],{},"An empty iterable has no smallest item, so this causes an error:",[38,85631,85633],{"className":40,"code":85632,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,85634,85635,85643],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85636,85637,85639,85641],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85638,3554],{"class":53},[47,85640,58],{"class":57},[47,85642,7770],{"class":77},[47,85644,85645,85647,85649,85651,85653,85655],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,85646,99],{"class":98},[47,85648,78],{"class":77},[47,85650,84584],{"class":98},[47,85652,78],{"class":77},[47,85654,3584],{"class":81},[47,85656,123],{"class":77},[20,85658,129],{},[38,85660,85662],{"className":40,"code":85661,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"ValueError: min() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,85663,85664],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85665,85666,85668,85670,85672,85674,85676,85678],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85667,40637],{"class":73},[47,85669,2826],{"class":77},[47,85671,85534],{"class":98},[47,85673,7298],{"class":77},[47,85675,83830],{"class":53},[47,85677,353],{"class":57},[47,85679,83835],{"class":53},[20,85681,85682,85683,2826],{},"To avoid that, use ",[15,85684,82860],{},[38,85686,85688],{"className":40,"code":85687,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,85689,85690,85698],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85691,85692,85694,85696],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85693,3554],{"class":53},[47,85695,58],{"class":57},[47,85697,7770],{"class":77},[47,85699,85700,85702,85704,85706,85708,85710,85712,85714,85716,85718],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,85701,99],{"class":98},[47,85703,78],{"class":77},[47,85705,84584],{"class":98},[47,85707,78],{"class":77},[47,85709,3584],{"class":81},[47,85711,668],{"class":77},[47,85713,26456],{"class":9108},[47,85715,58],{"class":57},[47,85717,3713],{"class":571},[47,85719,123],{"class":77},[20,85721,129],{},[38,85723,85724],{"className":40,"code":11742,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,85725,85726],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85727,85728],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85729,11742],{"class":571},[20,85731,85732],{},"This is helpful when your list may be empty and you want a safe fallback value.",[20,85734,85735],{},"Remember:",[185,85737,85738,85746],{},[188,85739,85740,85742,85743,85745],{},[15,85741,82860],{}," works only when ",[15,85744,84159],{}," gets one iterable argument",[188,85747,85748,85749],{},"It does not work with ",[15,85750,85751],{},"min(3, 5, default=0)",[20,85753,85754,85755,914],{},"If you want help with this error, see ",[360,85756,65766],{"href":72804},[33,85758,10677],{"id":10676},[20,85760,56703,85761,914],{},[15,85762,84159],{},[373,85764,85766,85767],{"id":85765},"empty-list-without-default","Empty list without ",[15,85768,82860],{},[20,85770,2944,85771,2826],{},[15,85772,40637],{},[38,85774,85776],{"className":40,"code":85775,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = []\nprint(min(items))\n",[15,85777,85778,85786],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85779,85780,85782,85784],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85781,657],{"class":53},[47,85783,58],{"class":57},[47,85785,7770],{"class":77},[47,85787,85788,85790,85792,85794,85796,85798],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,85789,99],{"class":98},[47,85791,78],{"class":77},[47,85793,84584],{"class":98},[47,85795,78],{"class":77},[47,85797,692],{"class":81},[47,85799,123],{"class":77},[20,85801,85802],{},"Fix it by:",[185,85804,85805,85808],{},[188,85806,85807],{},"checking that the iterable is not empty first",[188,85809,85810,85811],{},"or using ",[15,85812,82860],{},[38,85814,85816],{"className":40,"code":85815,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = []\nprint(min(items, default=\"no items\"))\n",[15,85817,85818,85826],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85819,85820,85822,85824],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85821,657],{"class":53},[47,85823,58],{"class":57},[47,85825,7770],{"class":77},[47,85827,85828,85830,85832,85834,85836,85838,85840,85842,85844,85846,85849,85851],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,85829,99],{"class":98},[47,85831,78],{"class":77},[47,85833,84584],{"class":98},[47,85835,78],{"class":77},[47,85837,692],{"class":81},[47,85839,668],{"class":77},[47,85841,26456],{"class":9108},[47,85843,58],{"class":57},[47,85845,309],{"class":151},[47,85847,85848],{"class":155},"no items",[47,85850,309],{"class":151},[47,85852,123],{"class":77},[373,85854,85856],{"id":85855},"mixed-types","Mixed types",[20,85858,85859],{},"In Python 3, values must usually be comparable to each other. This often fails:",[38,85861,85863],{"className":40,"code":85862,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nprint(min(data))\n",[15,85864,85865,85889],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85866,85867,85869,85871,85873,85875,85877,85879,85881,85883,85885,85887],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85868,9098],{"class":53},[47,85870,58],{"class":57},[47,85872,662],{"class":77},[47,85874,193],{"class":61},[47,85876,668],{"class":77},[47,85878,303],{"class":151},[47,85880,15689],{"class":155},[47,85882,309],{"class":151},[47,85884,668],{"class":77},[47,85886,4540],{"class":61},[47,85888,679],{"class":77},[47,85890,85891,85893,85895,85897,85899,85901],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,85892,99],{"class":98},[47,85894,78],{"class":77},[47,85896,84584],{"class":98},[47,85898,78],{"class":77},[47,85900,9137],{"class":81},[47,85902,123],{"class":77},[20,85904,129],{},[38,85906,85908],{"className":40,"code":85907,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"TypeError\n",[15,85909,85910],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85911,85912],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85913,85907],{"class":73},[20,85915,85916],{},"That happens because Python cannot directly compare integers and strings here.",[20,85918,85919,85920,914],{},"A simple fix is to convert everything to the same type before calling ",[15,85921,84159],{},[38,85923,85925],{"className":40,"code":85924,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nnumbers = [int(x) for x in data]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,85926,85927,85951,85977],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85928,85929,85931,85933,85935,85937,85939,85941,85943,85945,85947,85949],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85930,9098],{"class":53},[47,85932,58],{"class":57},[47,85934,662],{"class":77},[47,85936,193],{"class":61},[47,85938,668],{"class":77},[47,85940,303],{"class":151},[47,85942,15689],{"class":155},[47,85944,309],{"class":151},[47,85946,668],{"class":77},[47,85948,4540],{"class":61},[47,85950,679],{"class":77},[47,85952,85953,85955,85957,85959,85961,85963,85965,85967,85969,85971,85973,85975],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,85954,3554],{"class":53},[47,85956,58],{"class":57},[47,85958,662],{"class":77},[47,85960,1050],{"class":73},[47,85962,78],{"class":77},[47,85964,2131],{"class":81},[47,85966,862],{"class":77},[47,85968,3813],{"class":3812},[47,85970,3816],{"class":53},[47,85972,3819],{"class":3812},[47,85974,14501],{"class":53},[47,85976,679],{"class":77},[47,85978,85979,85981,85983,85985,85987,85989],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,85980,99],{"class":98},[47,85982,78],{"class":77},[47,85984,84584],{"class":98},[47,85986,78],{"class":77},[47,85988,3584],{"class":81},[47,85990,123],{"class":77},[20,85992,129],{},[38,85994,85995],{"className":40,"code":2889,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,85996,85997],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85998,85999],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,86000,2889],{"class":61},[20,86002,86003,86004,914],{},"For more help with type-related problems, see this guide to ",[15,86005,2947],{},[373,86007,86009],{"id":86008},"string-comparisons-may-not-match-your-expectation","String comparisons may not match your expectation",[20,86011,86012],{},"If strings have mixed uppercase and lowercase letters, the result may not match normal dictionary order.",[38,86014,86016],{"className":40,"code":86015,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,86017,86018,86050],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,86019,86020,86022,86024,86026,86028,86030,86032,86034,86036,86038,86040,86042,86044,86046,86048],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,86021,4006],{"class":53},[47,86023,58],{"class":57},[47,86025,662],{"class":77},[47,86027,309],{"class":151},[47,86029,79484],{"class":155},[47,86031,309],{"class":151},[47,86033,668],{"class":77},[47,86035,303],{"class":151},[47,86037,57695],{"class":155},[47,86039,309],{"class":151},[47,86041,668],{"class":77},[47,86043,303],{"class":151},[47,86045,79501],{"class":155},[47,86047,309],{"class":151},[47,86049,679],{"class":77},[47,86051,86052,86054,86056,86058,86060,86062],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,86053,99],{"class":98},[47,86055,78],{"class":77},[47,86057,84584],{"class":98},[47,86059,78],{"class":77},[47,86061,4048],{"class":81},[47,86063,123],{"class":77},[20,86065,129],{},[38,86067,86068],{"className":40,"code":85280,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,86069,86070],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,86071,86072],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,86073,85280],{"class":53},[20,86075,86076],{},"If needed, compare them in lowercase:",[38,86078,86080],{"className":40,"code":86079,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,86081,86082,86114],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,86083,86084,86086,86088,86090,86092,86094,86096,86098,86100,86102,86104,86106,86108,86110,86112],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,86085,4006],{"class":53},[47,86087,58],{"class":57},[47,86089,662],{"class":77},[47,86091,309],{"class":151},[47,86093,79484],{"class":155},[47,86095,309],{"class":151},[47,86097,668],{"class":77},[47,86099,303],{"class":151},[47,86101,57695],{"class":155},[47,86103,309],{"class":151},[47,86105,668],{"class":77},[47,86107,303],{"class":151},[47,86109,79501],{"class":155},[47,86111,309],{"class":151},[47,86113,679],{"class":77},[47,86115,86116,86118,86120,86122,86124,86126,86128,86130,86132,86134,86136,86138],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,86117,99],{"class":98},[47,86119,78],{"class":77},[47,86121,84584],{"class":98},[47,86123,78],{"class":77},[47,86125,4048],{"class":81},[47,86127,668],{"class":77},[47,86129,21515],{"class":9108},[47,86131,58],{"class":57},[47,86133,156],{"class":73},[47,86135,914],{"class":77},[47,86137,8571],{"class":24685},[47,86139,123],{"class":77},[20,86141,129],{},[38,86143,86144],{"className":40,"code":85280,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,86145,86146],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,86147,86148],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,86149,85280],{"class":53},[20,86151,86152],{},"Here Python compares using lowercase versions, but still returns the original string.",[33,86154,773,86156],{"id":86155},"when-to-use-min",[15,86157,84159],{},[20,86159,165,86160,10533],{},[15,86161,84159],{},[185,86163,86164,86167,86172],{},[188,86165,86166],{},"you need the smallest item quickly",[188,86168,86169,86170],{},"you want to compare values with a custom rule using ",[15,86171,14776],{},[188,86173,86174],{},"you want one result, not a full sorted list",[20,86176,165,86177,86181],{},[360,86178,86179],{"href":74447},[15,86180,74350],{}," if you need all items in order.",[20,86183,165,86184,86189],{},[360,86185,86187],{"href":86186},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained\u002F",[15,86188,82505],{}," if you want the largest item instead.",[33,86191,2775],{"id":2774},[20,86193,84164],{},[185,86195,86196,86204,86207,86212,86219],{},[188,86197,86198,86199,86201,86202],{},"Passing an empty list or tuple to ",[15,86200,84159],{}," without using ",[15,86203,82860],{},[188,86205,86206],{},"Mixing incompatible types such as integers and strings",[188,86208,1400,86209,86211],{},[15,86210,84159],{}," on strings to ignore uppercase and lowercase differences",[188,86213,4639,86214,86216,86217,85321],{},[15,86215,14776],{}," affects comparison but ",[15,86218,84159],{},[188,86220,1335,86221,86223],{},[15,86222,82860],{}," in the wrong syntax form with multiple separate arguments",[20,86225,86226,86227,86229],{},"If you are debugging code that uses ",[15,86228,84159],{},", these quick checks can help:",[38,86231,86233],{"className":40,"code":86232,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(len(data))\nprint(min(data))\nprint(min(data, default=None))\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,86234,86235,86249,86259,86273,86287,86309],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,86236,86237,86239,86241,86243,86245,86247],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,86238,99],{"class":98},[47,86240,78],{"class":77},[47,86242,116],{"class":73},[47,86244,78],{"class":77},[47,86246,9137],{"class":81},[47,86248,123],{"class":77},[47,86250,86251,86253,86255,86257],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,86252,99],{"class":98},[47,86254,78],{"class":77},[47,86256,9137],{"class":81},[47,86258,85],{"class":77},[47,86260,86261,86263,86265,86267,86269,86271],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,86262,99],{"class":98},[47,86264,78],{"class":77},[47,86266,11095],{"class":98},[47,86268,78],{"class":77},[47,86270,9137],{"class":81},[47,86272,123],{"class":77},[47,86274,86275,86277,86279,86281,86283,86285],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,86276,99],{"class":98},[47,86278,78],{"class":77},[47,86280,84584],{"class":98},[47,86282,78],{"class":77},[47,86284,9137],{"class":81},[47,86286,123],{"class":77},[47,86288,86289,86291,86293,86295,86297,86299,86301,86303,86305,86307],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,86290,99],{"class":98},[47,86292,78],{"class":77},[47,86294,84584],{"class":98},[47,86296,78],{"class":77},[47,86298,9137],{"class":81},[47,86300,668],{"class":77},[47,86302,26456],{"class":9108},[47,86304,58],{"class":57},[47,86306,3713],{"class":571},[47,86308,123],{"class":77},[47,86310,86311,86313,86315,86317,86319,86321,86323,86325,86327,86329],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,86312,99],{"class":98},[47,86314,78],{"class":77},[47,86316,84584],{"class":98},[47,86318,78],{"class":77},[47,86320,4048],{"class":81},[47,86322,668],{"class":77},[47,86324,21515],{"class":9108},[47,86326,58],{"class":57},[47,86328,11095],{"class":98},[47,86330,123],{"class":77},[20,86332,86333,86334,86337,86338,86340],{},"Use them carefully. For example, ",[15,86335,86336],{},"print(min(data))"," will still fail if ",[15,86339,9137],{}," is empty or contains incompatible types.",[33,86342,1762],{"id":1761},[373,86344,1766,86346,1769],{"id":86345},"what-does-min-return-in-python",[15,86347,84159],{},[20,86349,86350],{},"It returns the smallest item from an iterable, or the smallest value from multiple arguments.",[373,86352,1786,86354,84340],{"id":86353},"can-min-work-with-strings",[15,86355,84159],{},[20,86357,86358],{},"Yes. It compares strings using character order, which is similar to alphabetical order but affected by letter case.",[373,86360,71573],{"id":71572},[20,86362,86363,52421,86365,84352,86367,36555],{},[15,86364,84159],{},[15,86366,40637],{},[15,86368,82860],{},[373,86370,1766,86372,86374,86375,1812],{"id":86371},"what-does-key-do-in-min",[15,86373,14776],{}," do in ",[15,86376,84159],{},[20,86378,86379,86381,86382,86384],{},[15,86380,14776],{}," tells Python how to compare items. For example, ",[15,86383,83413],{}," compares strings by length.",[373,86386,5111,86388,4329,86390,1812],{"id":86387},"what-is-the-difference-between-min-and-sorted",[15,86389,84159],{},[15,86391,74350],{},[20,86393,86394,86396,86397,86399],{},[15,86395,84159],{}," returns only the smallest item. ",[15,86398,74350],{}," returns a new sorted list of all items.",[33,86401,1825],{"id":1824},[185,86403,86404,86410,86416,86422,86426,86430],{},[188,86405,86406],{},[360,86407,86408,1834],{"href":86186},[15,86409,82505],{},[188,86411,86412],{},[360,86413,86414,1834],{"href":74447},[15,86415,74350],{},[188,86417,86418],{},[360,86419,86420,1834],{"href":42289},[15,86421,42292],{},[188,86423,86424],{},[360,86425,79797],{"href":78300},[188,86427,86428],{},[360,86429,58883],{"href":58882},[188,86431,86432],{},[360,86433,65766],{"href":72804},[1875,86435,86436],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":65,"depth":65,"links":86438},[86439,86440,86442,86448,86450,86452,86457,86459,86465,86467,86468,86479],{"id":35,"depth":65,"text":36},{"id":84643,"depth":65,"text":86441},"What min() does",{"id":84664,"depth":65,"text":84665,"children":86443},[86444,86445,86446,86447],{"id":84749,"depth":88,"text":84752},{"id":84811,"depth":88,"text":84814},{"id":84861,"depth":88,"text":84864},{"id":84955,"depth":88,"text":84958},{"id":85017,"depth":65,"text":86449},"Using min() with numbers",{"id":85152,"depth":65,"text":86451},"Using min() with strings",{"id":85299,"depth":65,"text":86453,"children":86454},"Using min() with a key function",[86455,86456],{"id":85327,"depth":88,"text":85328},{"id":85402,"depth":88,"text":85403},{"id":85623,"depth":65,"text":86458},"Using default with empty iterables",{"id":10676,"depth":65,"text":10677,"children":86460},[86461,86463,86464],{"id":85765,"depth":88,"text":86462},"Empty list without default",{"id":85855,"depth":88,"text":85856},{"id":86008,"depth":88,"text":86009},{"id":86155,"depth":65,"text":86466},"When to use min()",{"id":2774,"depth":65,"text":2775},{"id":1761,"depth":65,"text":1762,"children":86469},[86470,86472,86474,86475,86477],{"id":86345,"depth":88,"text":86471},"What does min() return in Python?",{"id":86353,"depth":88,"text":86473},"Can min() work with strings?",{"id":71572,"depth":88,"text":71573},{"id":86371,"depth":88,"text":86476},"What does key do in min()?",{"id":86387,"depth":88,"text":86478},"What is the difference between min() and sorted()?",{"id":1824,"depth":65,"text":1825},"Master python min function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained",{"title":84526,"description":86480},"reference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained","VRpvwOyAjT3zttFenYN7xvkjWchE8ws8iWzCuhgc8Cs",{"id":86487,"title":86488,"body":86489,"description":88668,"extension":1922,"meta":88669,"navigation":91,"path":88670,"seo":88671,"stem":88672,"__hash__":88673},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained.md","Python open() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":86490,"toc":88632},[86491,86494,86500,86506,86508,86589,86598,86602,86607,86609,86654,86656,86736,86742,86744,86747,86779,86781,86799,86801,86874,86876,86895,86899,86902,86938,86940,87007,87081,87154,87159,87163,87169,87172,87189,87192,87194,87255,87257,87277,87283,87287,87290,87360,87363,87382,87387,87463,87466,87470,87476,87480,87485,87555,87559,87564,87638,87642,87645,87720,87731,87735,87740,87830,87835,87903,87906,87925,87936,87940,87943,87948,87951,88013,88016,88027,88032,88035,88038,88043,88046,88049,88053,88056,88062,88065,88076,88078,88140,88155,88161,88164,88167,88178,88189,88195,88198,88200,88262,88272,88278,88283,88289,88293,88299,88302,88323,88325,88330,88357,88360,88387,88390,88429,88432,88470,88473,88534,88537,88539,88543,88546,88550,88556,88564,88572,88576,88579,88583,88589,88591,88629],[10,86492,86488],{"id":86493},"python-open-function-explained",[20,86495,86496,86499],{},[15,86497,86498],{},"open()"," is the built-in Python function used to open a file so your program can read from it or write to it.",[20,86501,86502,86503,86505],{},"This page is a beginner-friendly reference for ",[15,86504,86498],{},". You will learn what it does, the most common arguments, what it returns, and how to use it safely when working with files.",[33,86507,36],{"id":35},[38,86509,86511],{"className":40,"code":86510,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    content = file.read()\n    print(content)\n",[15,86512,86513,86562,86578],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,86514,86515,86518,86521,86523,86525,86528,86530,86532,86534,86536,86538,86540,86543,86545,86547,86550,86552,86554,86556,86560],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,86516,86517],{"class":3812},"with",[47,86519,86520],{"class":98}," open",[47,86522,78],{"class":77},[47,86524,309],{"class":151},[47,86526,86527],{"class":155},"example.txt",[47,86529,309],{"class":151},[47,86531,668],{"class":77},[47,86533,303],{"class":151},[47,86535,60433],{"class":155},[47,86537,309],{"class":151},[47,86539,668],{"class":77},[47,86541,86542],{"class":9108}," encoding",[47,86544,58],{"class":57},[47,86546,309],{"class":151},[47,86548,86549],{"class":155},"utf-8",[47,86551,309],{"class":151},[47,86553,862],{"class":77},[47,86555,47285],{"class":3812},[47,86557,86559],{"class":86558},"sMMDD"," file",[47,86561,6329],{"class":77},[47,86563,86564,86567,86569,86571,86573,86576],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,86565,86566],{"class":53},"    content ",[47,86568,58],{"class":57},[47,86570,86559],{"class":86558},[47,86572,914],{"class":77},[47,86574,86575],{"class":81},"read",[47,86577,8574],{"class":77},[47,86579,86580,86582,86584,86587],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,86581,8000],{"class":98},[47,86583,78],{"class":77},[47,86585,86586],{"class":81},"content",[47,86588,85],{"class":77},[20,86590,165,86591,86593,86594,86597],{},[15,86592,86517],{}," so the file closes automatically. ",[15,86595,86596],{},"\"r\""," means read mode.",[33,86599,86601],{"id":86600},"what-open-does","What open() does",[20,86603,86604,86606],{},[15,86605,86498],{}," opens a file and gives your program a way to work with it.",[20,86608,1515],{},[185,86610,86611,86614,86619,86624],{},[188,86612,86613],{},"It opens a file so your code can read from it or write to it",[188,86615,40839,86616,86618],{},[127,86617,768],{}," read or write anything by itself",[188,86620,17356,86621],{},[127,86622,86623],{},"file object",[188,86625,86626,86627],{},"You use methods on that file object, such as:\n",[185,86628,86629,86634,86639,86644,86649],{},[188,86630,86631],{},[15,86632,86633],{},"read()",[188,86635,86636],{},[15,86637,86638],{},"readline()",[188,86640,86641],{},[15,86642,86643],{},"readlines()",[188,86645,86646],{},[15,86647,86648],{},"write()",[188,86650,86651],{},[15,86652,86653],{},"close()",[20,86655,800],{},[38,86657,86659],{"className":40,"code":86658,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"file = open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\")\ncontent = file.read()\nprint(content)\nfile.close()\n",[15,86660,86661,86700,86715,86725],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,86662,86663,86666,86668,86670,86672,86674,86676,86678,86680,86682,86684,86686,86688,86690,86692,86694,86696,86698],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,86664,86665],{"class":86558},"file",[47,86667,13211],{"class":57},[47,86669,86520],{"class":98},[47,86671,78],{"class":77},[47,86673,309],{"class":151},[47,86675,86527],{"class":155},[47,86677,309],{"class":151},[47,86679,668],{"class":77},[47,86681,303],{"class":151},[47,86683,60433],{"class":155},[47,86685,309],{"class":151},[47,86687,668],{"class":77},[47,86689,86542],{"class":9108},[47,86691,58],{"class":57},[47,86693,309],{"class":151},[47,86695,86549],{"class":155},[47,86697,309],{"class":151},[47,86699,85],{"class":77},[47,86701,86702,86705,86707,86709,86711,86713],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,86703,86704],{"class":53},"content ",[47,86706,58],{"class":57},[47,86708,86559],{"class":86558},[47,86710,914],{"class":77},[47,86712,86575],{"class":81},[47,86714,8574],{"class":77},[47,86716,86717,86719,86721,86723],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,86718,99],{"class":98},[47,86720,78],{"class":77},[47,86722,86586],{"class":81},[47,86724,85],{"class":77},[47,86726,86727,86729,86731,86734],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,86728,86665],{"class":86558},[47,86730,914],{"class":77},[47,86732,86733],{"class":81},"close",[47,86735,8574],{"class":77},[20,86737,86738,86739,86741],{},"This works, but in most cases you should use ",[15,86740,86517],{}," instead, because it closes the file for you automatically.",[33,86743,245],{"id":244},[20,86745,86746],{},"A common form is:",[38,86748,86750],{"className":40,"code":86749,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"open(file, mode, encoding=\"utf-8\")\n",[15,86751,86752],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,86753,86754,86756,86758,86760,86762,86765,86767,86769,86771,86773,86775,86777],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,86755,42357],{"class":98},[47,86757,78],{"class":77},[47,86759,86665],{"class":86558},[47,86761,668],{"class":77},[47,86763,86764],{"class":81}," mode",[47,86766,668],{"class":77},[47,86768,86542],{"class":9108},[47,86770,58],{"class":57},[47,86772,309],{"class":151},[47,86774,86549],{"class":155},[47,86776,309],{"class":151},[47,86778,85],{"class":77},[20,86780,64972],{},[185,86782,86783,86788,86793],{},[188,86784,86785,86787],{},[15,86786,86665],{}," is the file name or file path",[188,86789,86790,86792],{},[15,86791,20854],{}," controls how the file is opened",[188,86794,86795,86798],{},[15,86796,86797],{},"encoding"," matters when you are working with text files",[20,86800,800],{},[38,86802,86804],{"className":40,"code":86803,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"with open(\"notes.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    text = file.read()\n    print(text)\n",[15,86805,86806,86849,86864],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,86807,86808,86810,86812,86814,86816,86819,86821,86823,86825,86827,86829,86831,86833,86835,86837,86839,86841,86843,86845,86847],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,86809,86517],{"class":3812},[47,86811,86520],{"class":98},[47,86813,78],{"class":77},[47,86815,309],{"class":151},[47,86817,86818],{"class":155},"notes.txt",[47,86820,309],{"class":151},[47,86822,668],{"class":77},[47,86824,303],{"class":151},[47,86826,60433],{"class":155},[47,86828,309],{"class":151},[47,86830,668],{"class":77},[47,86832,86542],{"class":9108},[47,86834,58],{"class":57},[47,86836,309],{"class":151},[47,86838,86549],{"class":155},[47,86840,309],{"class":151},[47,86842,862],{"class":77},[47,86844,47285],{"class":3812},[47,86846,86559],{"class":86558},[47,86848,6329],{"class":77},[47,86850,86851,86854,86856,86858,86860,86862],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,86852,86853],{"class":53},"    text ",[47,86855,58],{"class":57},[47,86857,86559],{"class":86558},[47,86859,914],{"class":77},[47,86861,86575],{"class":81},[47,86863,8574],{"class":77},[47,86865,86866,86868,86870,86872],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,86867,8000],{"class":98},[47,86869,78],{"class":77},[47,86871,104],{"class":81},[47,86873,85],{"class":77},[20,86875,19893],{},[185,86877,86878,86884,86889],{},[188,86879,86880,86883],{},[15,86881,86882],{},"\"notes.txt\""," is the file name",[188,86885,86886,86888],{},[15,86887,86596],{}," means open for reading",[188,86890,86891,86894],{},[15,86892,86893],{},"encoding=\"utf-8\""," tells Python how to decode the text",[33,86896,86898],{"id":86897},"common-file-modes","Common file modes",[20,86900,86901],{},"These are the modes beginners use most often:",[185,86903,86904,86909,86915,86920,86926,86932],{},[188,86905,86906,86908],{},[15,86907,86596],{}," = read a text file",[188,86910,86911,86914],{},[15,86912,86913],{},"\"w\""," = write a text file and replace existing content",[188,86916,86917,86919],{},[15,86918,18031],{}," = append text to the end of a file",[188,86921,86922,86925],{},[15,86923,86924],{},"\"x\""," = create a new file and fail if it already exists",[188,86927,86928,86931],{},[15,86929,86930],{},"\"rb\""," = read a binary file",[188,86933,86934,86937],{},[15,86935,86936],{},"\"wb\""," = write a binary file",[20,86939,2083],{},[38,86941,86943],{"className":40,"code":86942,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# Read a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,86944,86945,86950,86993],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,86946,86947],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,86948,86949],{"class":1378},"# Read a text file\n",[47,86951,86952,86954,86956,86958,86960,86963,86965,86967,86969,86971,86973,86975,86977,86979,86981,86983,86985,86987,86989,86991],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,86953,86517],{"class":3812},[47,86955,86520],{"class":98},[47,86957,78],{"class":77},[47,86959,309],{"class":151},[47,86961,86962],{"class":155},"data.txt",[47,86964,309],{"class":151},[47,86966,668],{"class":77},[47,86968,303],{"class":151},[47,86970,60433],{"class":155},[47,86972,309],{"class":151},[47,86974,668],{"class":77},[47,86976,86542],{"class":9108},[47,86978,58],{"class":57},[47,86980,309],{"class":151},[47,86982,86549],{"class":155},[47,86984,309],{"class":151},[47,86986,862],{"class":77},[47,86988,47285],{"class":3812},[47,86990,86559],{"class":86558},[47,86992,6329],{"class":77},[47,86994,86995,86997,86999,87001,87003,87005],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,86996,8000],{"class":98},[47,86998,78],{"class":77},[47,87000,86665],{"class":86558},[47,87002,914],{"class":77},[47,87004,86575],{"class":81},[47,87006,7127],{"class":77},[38,87008,87010],{"className":40,"code":87009,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Hello\\n\")\n",[15,87011,87012,87017,87059],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,87013,87014],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,87015,87016],{"class":1378},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\n",[47,87018,87019,87021,87023,87025,87027,87029,87031,87033,87035,87037,87039,87041,87043,87045,87047,87049,87051,87053,87055,87057],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,87020,86517],{"class":3812},[47,87022,86520],{"class":98},[47,87024,78],{"class":77},[47,87026,309],{"class":151},[47,87028,86962],{"class":155},[47,87030,309],{"class":151},[47,87032,668],{"class":77},[47,87034,303],{"class":151},[47,87036,60416],{"class":155},[47,87038,309],{"class":151},[47,87040,668],{"class":77},[47,87042,86542],{"class":9108},[47,87044,58],{"class":57},[47,87046,309],{"class":151},[47,87048,86549],{"class":155},[47,87050,309],{"class":151},[47,87052,862],{"class":77},[47,87054,47285],{"class":3812},[47,87056,86559],{"class":86558},[47,87058,6329],{"class":77},[47,87060,87061,87064,87066,87068,87070,87072,87074,87077,87079],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,87062,87063],{"class":86558},"    file",[47,87065,914],{"class":77},[47,87067,70122],{"class":81},[47,87069,78],{"class":77},[47,87071,309],{"class":151},[47,87073,34800],{"class":155},[47,87075,87076],{"class":34387},"\\n",[47,87078,309],{"class":151},[47,87080,85],{"class":77},[38,87082,87084],{"className":40,"code":87083,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# Append to a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Another line\\n\")\n",[15,87085,87086,87091,87133],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,87087,87088],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,87089,87090],{"class":1378},"# Append to a text file\n",[47,87092,87093,87095,87097,87099,87101,87103,87105,87107,87109,87111,87113,87115,87117,87119,87121,87123,87125,87127,87129,87131],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,87094,86517],{"class":3812},[47,87096,86520],{"class":98},[47,87098,78],{"class":77},[47,87100,309],{"class":151},[47,87102,86962],{"class":155},[47,87104,309],{"class":151},[47,87106,668],{"class":77},[47,87108,303],{"class":151},[47,87110,360],{"class":155},[47,87112,309],{"class":151},[47,87114,668],{"class":77},[47,87116,86542],{"class":9108},[47,87118,58],{"class":57},[47,87120,309],{"class":151},[47,87122,86549],{"class":155},[47,87124,309],{"class":151},[47,87126,862],{"class":77},[47,87128,47285],{"class":3812},[47,87130,86559],{"class":86558},[47,87132,6329],{"class":77},[47,87134,87135,87137,87139,87141,87143,87145,87148,87150,87152],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,87136,87063],{"class":86558},[47,87138,914],{"class":77},[47,87140,70122],{"class":81},[47,87142,78],{"class":77},[47,87144,309],{"class":151},[47,87146,87147],{"class":155},"Another line",[47,87149,87076],{"class":34387},[47,87151,309],{"class":151},[47,87153,85],{"class":77},[20,87155,69274,87156,87158],{},[15,87157,86913],{}," mode. If the file already exists, its old contents are removed.",[33,87160,87162],{"id":87161},"what-open-returns","What open() returns",[20,87164,87165,1509,87167,914],{},[15,87166,86498],{},[127,87168,86623],{},[20,87170,87171],{},"A file object is the thing you actually use to work with the file. It gives you methods like:",[185,87173,87174,87179,87184],{},[188,87175,87176],{},[15,87177,87178],{},"file.read()",[188,87180,87181],{},[15,87182,87183],{},"file.write()",[188,87185,87186],{},[15,87187,87188],{},"file.close()",[20,87190,87191],{},"It also keeps track of the current position in the file.",[20,87193,800],{},[38,87195,87197],{"className":40,"code":87196,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(type(file))\n",[15,87198,87199,87241],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,87200,87201,87203,87205,87207,87209,87211,87213,87215,87217,87219,87221,87223,87225,87227,87229,87231,87233,87235,87237,87239],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,87202,86517],{"class":3812},[47,87204,86520],{"class":98},[47,87206,78],{"class":77},[47,87208,309],{"class":151},[47,87210,86527],{"class":155},[47,87212,309],{"class":151},[47,87214,668],{"class":77},[47,87216,303],{"class":151},[47,87218,60433],{"class":155},[47,87220,309],{"class":151},[47,87222,668],{"class":77},[47,87224,86542],{"class":9108},[47,87226,58],{"class":57},[47,87228,309],{"class":151},[47,87230,86549],{"class":155},[47,87232,309],{"class":151},[47,87234,862],{"class":77},[47,87236,47285],{"class":3812},[47,87238,86559],{"class":86558},[47,87240,6329],{"class":77},[47,87242,87243,87245,87247,87249,87251,87253],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,87244,8000],{"class":98},[47,87246,78],{"class":77},[47,87248,116],{"class":73},[47,87250,78],{"class":77},[47,87252,86665],{"class":86558},[47,87254,123],{"class":77},[20,87256,29964],{},[38,87258,87260],{"className":40,"code":87259,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass '_io.TextIOWrapper'>\n",[15,87261,87262],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,87263,87264,87266,87268,87270,87273,87275],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,87265,144],{"class":57},[47,87267,148],{"class":147},[47,87269,152],{"class":151},[47,87271,87272],{"class":155},"_io.TextIOWrapper",[47,87274,159],{"class":151},[47,87276,162],{"class":57},[20,87278,87279,87280,87282],{},"You do not need to memorize that type name. The important idea is that ",[15,87281,86498],{}," gives you an object that knows how to interact with the file.",[33,87284,87286],{"id":87285},"why-beginners-should-use-with","Why beginners should use with",[20,87288,87289],{},"Beginners should usually write file code like this:",[38,87291,87292],{"className":40,"code":86510,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,87293,87294,87336,87350],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,87295,87296,87298,87300,87302,87304,87306,87308,87310,87312,87314,87316,87318,87320,87322,87324,87326,87328,87330,87332,87334],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,87297,86517],{"class":3812},[47,87299,86520],{"class":98},[47,87301,78],{"class":77},[47,87303,309],{"class":151},[47,87305,86527],{"class":155},[47,87307,309],{"class":151},[47,87309,668],{"class":77},[47,87311,303],{"class":151},[47,87313,60433],{"class":155},[47,87315,309],{"class":151},[47,87317,668],{"class":77},[47,87319,86542],{"class":9108},[47,87321,58],{"class":57},[47,87323,309],{"class":151},[47,87325,86549],{"class":155},[47,87327,309],{"class":151},[47,87329,862],{"class":77},[47,87331,47285],{"class":3812},[47,87333,86559],{"class":86558},[47,87335,6329],{"class":77},[47,87337,87338,87340,87342,87344,87346,87348],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,87339,86566],{"class":53},[47,87341,58],{"class":57},[47,87343,86559],{"class":86558},[47,87345,914],{"class":77},[47,87347,86575],{"class":81},[47,87349,8574],{"class":77},[47,87351,87352,87354,87356,87358],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,87353,8000],{"class":98},[47,87355,78],{"class":77},[47,87357,86586],{"class":81},[47,87359,85],{"class":77},[20,87361,87362],{},"Why this is recommended:",[185,87364,87365,87370,87376,87379],{},[188,87366,87367,87369],{},[15,87368,86517],{}," automatically closes the file when the block ends",[188,87371,87372,87373,87375],{},"It is safer than calling ",[15,87374,86653],{}," yourself",[188,87377,87378],{},"It helps prevent bugs caused by leaving files open",[188,87380,87381],{},"It is the standard pattern you will see in most Python code",[20,87383,83676,87384,87386],{},[15,87385,86517],{},", you must remember to close the file yourself:",[38,87388,87389],{"className":40,"code":86658,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,87390,87391,87429,87443,87453],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,87392,87393,87395,87397,87399,87401,87403,87405,87407,87409,87411,87413,87415,87417,87419,87421,87423,87425,87427],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,87394,86665],{"class":86558},[47,87396,13211],{"class":57},[47,87398,86520],{"class":98},[47,87400,78],{"class":77},[47,87402,309],{"class":151},[47,87404,86527],{"class":155},[47,87406,309],{"class":151},[47,87408,668],{"class":77},[47,87410,303],{"class":151},[47,87412,60433],{"class":155},[47,87414,309],{"class":151},[47,87416,668],{"class":77},[47,87418,86542],{"class":9108},[47,87420,58],{"class":57},[47,87422,309],{"class":151},[47,87424,86549],{"class":155},[47,87426,309],{"class":151},[47,87428,85],{"class":77},[47,87430,87431,87433,87435,87437,87439,87441],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,87432,86704],{"class":53},[47,87434,58],{"class":57},[47,87436,86559],{"class":86558},[47,87438,914],{"class":77},[47,87440,86575],{"class":81},[47,87442,8574],{"class":77},[47,87444,87445,87447,87449,87451],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,87446,99],{"class":98},[47,87448,78],{"class":77},[47,87450,86586],{"class":81},[47,87452,85],{"class":77},[47,87454,87455,87457,87459,87461],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,87456,86665],{"class":86558},[47,87458,914],{"class":77},[47,87460,86733],{"class":81},[47,87462,8574],{"class":77},[20,87464,87465],{},"That version is easier to get wrong.",[33,87467,87469],{"id":87468},"reading-text-with-open","Reading text with open()",[20,87471,87472,87473,87475],{},"Use mode ",[15,87474,86596],{}," when you want to read a text file.",[373,87477,87479],{"id":87478},"read-the-whole-file","Read the whole file",[20,87481,87482,87484],{},[15,87483,86633],{}," returns the full contents as one string.",[38,87486,87487],{"className":40,"code":86510,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,87488,87489,87531,87545],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,87490,87491,87493,87495,87497,87499,87501,87503,87505,87507,87509,87511,87513,87515,87517,87519,87521,87523,87525,87527,87529],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,87492,86517],{"class":3812},[47,87494,86520],{"class":98},[47,87496,78],{"class":77},[47,87498,309],{"class":151},[47,87500,86527],{"class":155},[47,87502,309],{"class":151},[47,87504,668],{"class":77},[47,87506,303],{"class":151},[47,87508,60433],{"class":155},[47,87510,309],{"class":151},[47,87512,668],{"class":77},[47,87514,86542],{"class":9108},[47,87516,58],{"class":57},[47,87518,309],{"class":151},[47,87520,86549],{"class":155},[47,87522,309],{"class":151},[47,87524,862],{"class":77},[47,87526,47285],{"class":3812},[47,87528,86559],{"class":86558},[47,87530,6329],{"class":77},[47,87532,87533,87535,87537,87539,87541,87543],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,87534,86566],{"class":53},[47,87536,58],{"class":57},[47,87538,86559],{"class":86558},[47,87540,914],{"class":77},[47,87542,86575],{"class":81},[47,87544,8574],{"class":77},[47,87546,87547,87549,87551,87553],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,87548,8000],{"class":98},[47,87550,78],{"class":77},[47,87552,86586],{"class":81},[47,87554,85],{"class":77},[373,87556,87558],{"id":87557},"read-one-line","Read one line",[20,87560,87561,87563],{},[15,87562,86638],{}," reads one line at a time.",[38,87565,87567],{"className":40,"code":87566,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    first_line = file.readline()\n    print(first_line)\n",[15,87568,87569,87611,87627],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,87570,87571,87573,87575,87577,87579,87581,87583,87585,87587,87589,87591,87593,87595,87597,87599,87601,87603,87605,87607,87609],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,87572,86517],{"class":3812},[47,87574,86520],{"class":98},[47,87576,78],{"class":77},[47,87578,309],{"class":151},[47,87580,86527],{"class":155},[47,87582,309],{"class":151},[47,87584,668],{"class":77},[47,87586,303],{"class":151},[47,87588,60433],{"class":155},[47,87590,309],{"class":151},[47,87592,668],{"class":77},[47,87594,86542],{"class":9108},[47,87596,58],{"class":57},[47,87598,309],{"class":151},[47,87600,86549],{"class":155},[47,87602,309],{"class":151},[47,87604,862],{"class":77},[47,87606,47285],{"class":3812},[47,87608,86559],{"class":86558},[47,87610,6329],{"class":77},[47,87612,87613,87616,87618,87620,87622,87625],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,87614,87615],{"class":53},"    first_line ",[47,87617,58],{"class":57},[47,87619,86559],{"class":86558},[47,87621,914],{"class":77},[47,87623,87624],{"class":81},"readline",[47,87626,8574],{"class":77},[47,87628,87629,87631,87633,87636],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,87630,8000],{"class":98},[47,87632,78],{"class":77},[47,87634,87635],{"class":81},"first_line",[47,87637,85],{"class":77},[373,87639,87641],{"id":87640},"loop-over-the-file-line-by-line","Loop over the file line by line",[20,87643,87644],{},"This is often the best choice for larger files.",[38,87646,87648],{"className":40,"code":87647,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    for line in file:\n        print(line.strip())\n",[15,87649,87650,87692,87706],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,87651,87652,87654,87656,87658,87660,87662,87664,87666,87668,87670,87672,87674,87676,87678,87680,87682,87684,87686,87688,87690],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,87653,86517],{"class":3812},[47,87655,86520],{"class":98},[47,87657,78],{"class":77},[47,87659,309],{"class":151},[47,87661,86527],{"class":155},[47,87663,309],{"class":151},[47,87665,668],{"class":77},[47,87667,303],{"class":151},[47,87669,60433],{"class":155},[47,87671,309],{"class":151},[47,87673,668],{"class":77},[47,87675,86542],{"class":9108},[47,87677,58],{"class":57},[47,87679,309],{"class":151},[47,87681,86549],{"class":155},[47,87683,309],{"class":151},[47,87685,862],{"class":77},[47,87687,47285],{"class":3812},[47,87689,86559],{"class":86558},[47,87691,6329],{"class":77},[47,87693,87694,87697,87700,87702,87704],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,87695,87696],{"class":3812},"    for",[47,87698,87699],{"class":53}," line ",[47,87701,3819],{"class":3812},[47,87703,86559],{"class":86558},[47,87705,6329],{"class":77},[47,87707,87708,87710,87712,87714,87716,87718],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,87709,47265],{"class":98},[47,87711,78],{"class":77},[47,87713,49],{"class":81},[47,87715,914],{"class":77},[47,87717,8565],{"class":81},[47,87719,7127],{"class":77},[20,87721,87722,87723,1389,87727,914],{},"If you want a full beginner walkthrough, see ",[360,87724,87726],{"href":87725},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File in Python",[360,87728,87730],{"href":87729},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-line-by-line-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File Line by Line in Python",[33,87732,87734],{"id":87733},"writing-text-with-open","Writing text with open()",[20,87736,165,87737,87739],{},[15,87738,86913],{}," to create a file or overwrite an existing file.",[38,87741,87743],{"className":40,"code":87742,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"First line\\n\")\n    file.write(\"Second line\\n\")\n",[15,87744,87745,87788,87809],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,87746,87747,87749,87751,87753,87755,87758,87760,87762,87764,87766,87768,87770,87772,87774,87776,87778,87780,87782,87784,87786],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,87748,86517],{"class":3812},[47,87750,86520],{"class":98},[47,87752,78],{"class":77},[47,87754,309],{"class":151},[47,87756,87757],{"class":155},"output.txt",[47,87759,309],{"class":151},[47,87761,668],{"class":77},[47,87763,303],{"class":151},[47,87765,60416],{"class":155},[47,87767,309],{"class":151},[47,87769,668],{"class":77},[47,87771,86542],{"class":9108},[47,87773,58],{"class":57},[47,87775,309],{"class":151},[47,87777,86549],{"class":155},[47,87779,309],{"class":151},[47,87781,862],{"class":77},[47,87783,47285],{"class":3812},[47,87785,86559],{"class":86558},[47,87787,6329],{"class":77},[47,87789,87790,87792,87794,87796,87798,87800,87803,87805,87807],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,87791,87063],{"class":86558},[47,87793,914],{"class":77},[47,87795,70122],{"class":81},[47,87797,78],{"class":77},[47,87799,309],{"class":151},[47,87801,87802],{"class":155},"First line",[47,87804,87076],{"class":34387},[47,87806,309],{"class":151},[47,87808,85],{"class":77},[47,87810,87811,87813,87815,87817,87819,87821,87824,87826,87828],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,87812,87063],{"class":86558},[47,87814,914],{"class":77},[47,87816,70122],{"class":81},[47,87818,78],{"class":77},[47,87820,309],{"class":151},[47,87822,87823],{"class":155},"Second line",[47,87825,87076],{"class":34387},[47,87827,309],{"class":151},[47,87829,85],{"class":77},[20,87831,165,87832,87834],{},[15,87833,18031],{}," if you want to add content without deleting what is already there.",[38,87836,87838],{"className":40,"code":87837,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Third line\\n\")\n",[15,87839,87840,87882],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,87841,87842,87844,87846,87848,87850,87852,87854,87856,87858,87860,87862,87864,87866,87868,87870,87872,87874,87876,87878,87880],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,87843,86517],{"class":3812},[47,87845,86520],{"class":98},[47,87847,78],{"class":77},[47,87849,309],{"class":151},[47,87851,87757],{"class":155},[47,87853,309],{"class":151},[47,87855,668],{"class":77},[47,87857,303],{"class":151},[47,87859,360],{"class":155},[47,87861,309],{"class":151},[47,87863,668],{"class":77},[47,87865,86542],{"class":9108},[47,87867,58],{"class":57},[47,87869,309],{"class":151},[47,87871,86549],{"class":155},[47,87873,309],{"class":151},[47,87875,862],{"class":77},[47,87877,47285],{"class":3812},[47,87879,86559],{"class":86558},[47,87881,6329],{"class":77},[47,87883,87884,87886,87888,87890,87892,87894,87897,87899,87901],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,87885,87063],{"class":86558},[47,87887,914],{"class":77},[47,87889,70122],{"class":81},[47,87891,78],{"class":77},[47,87893,309],{"class":151},[47,87895,87896],{"class":155},"Third line",[47,87898,87076],{"class":34387},[47,87900,309],{"class":151},[47,87902,85],{"class":77},[20,87904,87905],{},"Important detail:",[185,87907,87908,87913,87920],{},[188,87909,87910,87912],{},[15,87911,86648],{}," writes a string",[188,87914,87915,13989,87917,87919],{},[15,87916,86648],{},[127,87918,768],{}," add a newline for you",[188,87921,87922,87923,87375],{},"If you want a new line, include ",[15,87924,87076],{},[20,87926,87927,87928,1389,87932,914],{},"If your goal is a full task rather than a function reference, see ",[360,87929,87931],{"href":87930},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-write-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Write to a File in Python",[360,87933,87935],{"href":87934},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-append-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Append to a File in Python",[33,87937,87939],{"id":87938},"important-arguments-beginners-should-know","Important arguments beginners should know",[20,87941,87942],{},"A few arguments matter more than others when starting out.",[373,87944,87946],{"id":87945},"encodingutf-8",[15,87947,86893],{},[20,87949,87950],{},"For text files, this is a good default.",[38,87952,87954],{"className":40,"code":87953,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"with open(\"message.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87955,87956,87999],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,87957,87958,87960,87962,87964,87966,87969,87971,87973,87975,87977,87979,87981,87983,87985,87987,87989,87991,87993,87995,87997],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,87959,86517],{"class":3812},[47,87961,86520],{"class":98},[47,87963,78],{"class":77},[47,87965,309],{"class":151},[47,87967,87968],{"class":155},"message.txt",[47,87970,309],{"class":151},[47,87972,668],{"class":77},[47,87974,303],{"class":151},[47,87976,60433],{"class":155},[47,87978,309],{"class":151},[47,87980,668],{"class":77},[47,87982,86542],{"class":9108},[47,87984,58],{"class":57},[47,87986,309],{"class":151},[47,87988,86549],{"class":155},[47,87990,309],{"class":151},[47,87992,862],{"class":77},[47,87994,47285],{"class":3812},[47,87996,86559],{"class":86558},[47,87998,6329],{"class":77},[47,88000,88001,88003,88005,88007,88009,88011],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,88002,8000],{"class":98},[47,88004,78],{"class":77},[47,88006,86665],{"class":86558},[47,88008,914],{"class":77},[47,88010,86575],{"class":81},[47,88012,7127],{"class":77},[20,88014,88015],{},"Why it matters:",[185,88017,88018,88021,88024],{},[188,88019,88020],{},"It helps Python read text correctly",[188,88022,88023],{},"It avoids some text decoding problems",[188,88025,88026],{},"It makes your code more consistent across systems",[373,88028,88030],{"id":88029},"newline",[15,88031,88029],{},[20,88033,88034],{},"This is mostly useful when writing CSV files or when you need exact control over line endings.",[20,88036,88037],{},"Beginners usually do not need it for normal text files.",[373,88039,88041],{"id":88040},"buffering",[15,88042,88040],{},[20,88044,88045],{},"This is an advanced argument.",[20,88047,88048],{},"Most beginners can ignore it and use the default.",[33,88050,88052],{"id":88051},"common-errors-when-using-open","Common errors when using open()",[20,88054,88055],{},"Here are some common file-related errors you may see.",[373,88057,88059],{"id":88058},"filenotfounderror",[15,88060,88061],{},"FileNotFoundError",[20,88063,88064],{},"This happens when:",[185,88066,88067,88070,88073],{},[188,88068,88069],{},"the file does not exist",[188,88071,88072],{},"the path is wrong",[188,88074,88075],{},"your program is running from a different folder than you expect",[20,88077,800],{},[38,88079,88081],{"className":40,"code":88080,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"with open(\"missing.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88082,88083,88126],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,88084,88085,88087,88089,88091,88093,88096,88098,88100,88102,88104,88106,88108,88110,88112,88114,88116,88118,88120,88122,88124],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,88086,86517],{"class":3812},[47,88088,86520],{"class":98},[47,88090,78],{"class":77},[47,88092,309],{"class":151},[47,88094,88095],{"class":155},"missing.txt",[47,88097,309],{"class":151},[47,88099,668],{"class":77},[47,88101,303],{"class":151},[47,88103,60433],{"class":155},[47,88105,309],{"class":151},[47,88107,668],{"class":77},[47,88109,86542],{"class":9108},[47,88111,58],{"class":57},[47,88113,309],{"class":151},[47,88115,86549],{"class":155},[47,88117,309],{"class":151},[47,88119,862],{"class":77},[47,88121,47285],{"class":3812},[47,88123,86559],{"class":86558},[47,88125,6329],{"class":77},[47,88127,88128,88130,88132,88134,88136,88138],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,88129,8000],{"class":98},[47,88131,78],{"class":77},[47,88133,86665],{"class":86558},[47,88135,914],{"class":77},[47,88137,86575],{"class":81},[47,88139,7127],{"class":77},[20,88141,88142,88143,4329,88151,914],{},"If you are stuck, see ",[360,88144,88146,88147,88150],{"href":88145},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ffilenotfounderror-errno-2-no-such-file-or-directory-fix\u002F","FileNotFoundError: ",[47,88148,88149],{},"Errno 2"," No such file or directory",[360,88152,88154],{"href":88153},"\u002Flearn\u002Fworking-with-file-paths-in-python\u002F","Working with File Paths in Python",[373,88156,88158],{"id":88157},"permissionerror",[15,88159,88160],{},"PermissionError",[20,88162,88163],{},"This happens when Python does not have permission to access the file.",[20,88165,88166],{},"Example causes:",[185,88168,88169,88172,88175],{},[188,88170,88171],{},"the file is protected",[188,88173,88174],{},"you are trying to write somewhere you should not",[188,88176,88177],{},"another program is blocking access",[20,88179,88180,88181],{},"Related page: ",[360,88182,88184,88185,88188],{"href":88183},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fpermissionerror-errno-13-permission-denied-fix\u002F","PermissionError: ",[47,88186,88187],{},"Errno 13"," Permission denied",[373,88190,88192],{"id":88191},"isadirectoryerror",[15,88193,88194],{},"IsADirectoryError",[20,88196,88197],{},"This happens when you pass a folder path instead of a file path.",[20,88199,800],{},[38,88201,88203],{"className":40,"code":88202,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"with open(\"my_folder\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88204,88205,88248],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,88206,88207,88209,88211,88213,88215,88218,88220,88222,88224,88226,88228,88230,88232,88234,88236,88238,88240,88242,88244,88246],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,88208,86517],{"class":3812},[47,88210,86520],{"class":98},[47,88212,78],{"class":77},[47,88214,309],{"class":151},[47,88216,88217],{"class":155},"my_folder",[47,88219,309],{"class":151},[47,88221,668],{"class":77},[47,88223,303],{"class":151},[47,88225,60433],{"class":155},[47,88227,309],{"class":151},[47,88229,668],{"class":77},[47,88231,86542],{"class":9108},[47,88233,58],{"class":57},[47,88235,309],{"class":151},[47,88237,86549],{"class":155},[47,88239,309],{"class":151},[47,88241,862],{"class":77},[47,88243,47285],{"class":3812},[47,88245,86559],{"class":86558},[47,88247,6329],{"class":77},[47,88249,88250,88252,88254,88256,88258,88260],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,88251,8000],{"class":98},[47,88253,78],{"class":77},[47,88255,86665],{"class":86558},[47,88257,914],{"class":77},[47,88259,86575],{"class":81},[47,88261,7127],{"class":77},[20,88263,88180,88264],{},[360,88265,88267,88268,88271],{"href":88266},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fisadirectoryerror-errno-21-is-a-directory-fix\u002F","IsADirectoryError: ",[47,88269,88270],{},"Errno 21"," Is a directory",[373,88273,88275],{"id":88274},"unicodedecodeerror",[15,88276,88277],{},"UnicodeDecodeError",[20,88279,88280,88281,914],{},"This can happen when the file's real encoding does not match the encoding you used in ",[15,88282,86498],{},[20,88284,88180,88285],{},[360,88286,88288],{"href":88287},"\u002Ferrors\u002Funicodedecodeerror-utf-8-codec-cant-decode-byte-fix\u002F","UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte",[33,88290,88292],{"id":88291},"when-to-use-other-pages","When to use other pages",[20,88294,88295,88296,88298],{},"This page is a reference for the ",[15,88297,86498],{}," function.",[20,88300,88301],{},"Use other pages when you need something more specific:",[185,88303,88304,88307,88310,88316],{},[188,88305,88306],{},"Use a how-to page for a full task, such as reading a file line by line",[188,88308,88309],{},"Use an error page when you already have a specific exception to fix",[188,88311,88312,88313,88315],{},"Use a path page when the real problem is the file location, not ",[15,88314,86498],{}," itself",[188,88317,88318,88319],{},"For a broader introduction, see ",[360,88320,88322],{"href":88321},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-file-handling-basics-read-and-write\u002F","Python File Handling Basics: Read and Write",[33,88324,2775],{"id":2774},[20,88326,88327,88328,2826],{},"These are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,88329,86498],{},[185,88331,88332,88337,88343,88348,88351,88354],{},[188,88333,1335,88334,88336],{},[15,88335,86596],{}," mode on a file that does not exist",[188,88338,88339,88340,88342],{},"Forgetting to use ",[15,88341,86797],{}," for text files",[188,88344,1335,88345,88347],{},[15,88346,86913],{}," and accidentally deleting old content",[188,88349,88350],{},"Trying to read from a file opened in write mode",[188,88352,88353],{},"Passing a folder path instead of a file path",[188,88355,88356],{},"Using a relative path from the wrong working directory",[20,88358,88359],{},"If you are not sure what Python is trying to open, these quick checks can help:",[38,88361,88363],{"className":40,"code":88362,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"import os\nprint(os.getcwd())\n",[15,88364,88365,88372],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,88366,88367,88369],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,88368,35024],{"class":3812},[47,88370,88371],{"class":53}," os\n",[47,88373,88374,88376,88378,88380,88382,88385],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,88375,99],{"class":98},[47,88377,78],{"class":77},[47,88379,42556],{"class":81},[47,88381,914],{"class":77},[47,88383,88384],{"class":81},"getcwd",[47,88386,7127],{"class":77},[20,88388,88389],{},"This shows the current working directory.",[38,88391,88393],{"className":40,"code":88392,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"import os\nprint(os.path.exists(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,88394,88395,88401],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,88396,88397,88399],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,88398,35024],{"class":3812},[47,88400,88371],{"class":53},[47,88402,88403,88405,88407,88409,88411,88414,88416,88419,88421,88423,88425,88427],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,88404,99],{"class":98},[47,88406,78],{"class":77},[47,88408,42556],{"class":81},[47,88410,914],{"class":77},[47,88412,88413],{"class":24685},"path",[47,88415,914],{"class":77},[47,88417,88418],{"class":81},"exists",[47,88420,78],{"class":77},[47,88422,309],{"class":151},[47,88424,86527],{"class":155},[47,88426,309],{"class":151},[47,88428,123],{"class":77},[20,88430,88431],{},"This checks whether the path exists.",[38,88433,88435],{"className":40,"code":88434,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"import os\nprint(os.path.isfile(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,88436,88437,88443],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,88438,88439,88441],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,88440,35024],{"class":3812},[47,88442,88371],{"class":53},[47,88444,88445,88447,88449,88451,88453,88455,88457,88460,88462,88464,88466,88468],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,88446,99],{"class":98},[47,88448,78],{"class":77},[47,88450,42556],{"class":81},[47,88452,914],{"class":77},[47,88454,88413],{"class":24685},[47,88456,914],{"class":77},[47,88458,88459],{"class":81},"isfile",[47,88461,78],{"class":77},[47,88463,309],{"class":151},[47,88465,86527],{"class":155},[47,88467,309],{"class":151},[47,88469,123],{"class":77},[20,88471,88472],{},"This checks whether the path is a file.",[38,88474,88476],{"className":40,"code":88475,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88477,88478,88520],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,88479,88480,88482,88484,88486,88488,88490,88492,88494,88496,88498,88500,88502,88504,88506,88508,88510,88512,88514,88516,88518],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,88481,86517],{"class":3812},[47,88483,86520],{"class":98},[47,88485,78],{"class":77},[47,88487,309],{"class":151},[47,88489,86527],{"class":155},[47,88491,309],{"class":151},[47,88493,668],{"class":77},[47,88495,303],{"class":151},[47,88497,60433],{"class":155},[47,88499,309],{"class":151},[47,88501,668],{"class":77},[47,88503,86542],{"class":9108},[47,88505,58],{"class":57},[47,88507,309],{"class":151},[47,88509,86549],{"class":155},[47,88511,309],{"class":151},[47,88513,862],{"class":77},[47,88515,47285],{"class":3812},[47,88517,86559],{"class":86558},[47,88519,6329],{"class":77},[47,88521,88522,88524,88526,88528,88530,88532],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,88523,8000],{"class":98},[47,88525,78],{"class":77},[47,88527,86665],{"class":86558},[47,88529,914],{"class":77},[47,88531,86575],{"class":81},[47,88533,7127],{"class":77},[20,88535,88536],{},"This is a simple test to confirm the file can be opened and read.",[33,88538,1762],{"id":1761},[373,88540,88542],{"id":88541},"what-does-open-return-in-python","What does open() return in Python?",[20,88544,88545],{},"It returns a file object. You use that object to read, write, or close the file.",[373,88547,88549],{"id":88548},"what-is-the-safest-way-to-use-open","What is the safest way to use open()?",[20,88551,88552,88553,88555],{},"Use it inside a ",[15,88554,86517],{}," block so the file closes automatically.",[373,88557,5111,88559,4329,88561,88563],{"id":88558},"what-is-the-difference-between-w-and-a-mode",[15,88560,86913],{},[15,88562,18031],{}," mode?",[20,88565,88566,88568,88569,88571],{},[15,88567,86913],{}," overwrites the file. ",[15,88570,18031],{}," adds new content to the end.",[373,88573,88575],{"id":88574},"why-do-i-get-filenotfounderror-with-open","Why do I get FileNotFoundError with open()?",[20,88577,88578],{},"Usually the file path is wrong, the file does not exist, or your program is running from a different folder than you expect.",[373,88580,88582],{"id":88581},"should-i-always-set-encoding-when-opening-a-text-file","Should I always set encoding when opening a text file?",[20,88584,88585,88586,88588],{},"It is a good habit. ",[15,88587,86893],{}," is a safe default for many text files.",[33,88590,1825],{"id":1824},[185,88592,88593,88597,88601,88605,88609,88613,88617,88623],{},[188,88594,88595],{},[360,88596,87726],{"href":87725},[188,88598,88599],{},[360,88600,87931],{"href":87930},[188,88602,88603],{},[360,88604,87935],{"href":87934},[188,88606,88607],{},[360,88608,87730],{"href":87729},[188,88610,88611],{},[360,88612,88322],{"href":88321},[188,88614,88615],{},[360,88616,88154],{"href":88153},[188,88618,88619],{},[360,88620,88146,88621,88150],{"href":88145},[47,88622,88149],{},[188,88624,88625],{},[360,88626,88184,88627,88188],{"href":88183},[47,88628,88187],{},[1875,88630,88631],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":65,"depth":65,"links":88633},[88634,88635,88636,88637,88638,88639,88640,88645,88646,88651,88657,88658,88659,88667],{"id":35,"depth":65,"text":36},{"id":86600,"depth":65,"text":86601},{"id":244,"depth":65,"text":245},{"id":86897,"depth":65,"text":86898},{"id":87161,"depth":65,"text":87162},{"id":87285,"depth":65,"text":87286},{"id":87468,"depth":65,"text":87469,"children":88641},[88642,88643,88644],{"id":87478,"depth":88,"text":87479},{"id":87557,"depth":88,"text":87558},{"id":87640,"depth":88,"text":87641},{"id":87733,"depth":65,"text":87734},{"id":87938,"depth":65,"text":87939,"children":88647},[88648,88649,88650],{"id":87945,"depth":88,"text":86893},{"id":88029,"depth":88,"text":88029},{"id":88040,"depth":88,"text":88040},{"id":88051,"depth":65,"text":88052,"children":88652},[88653,88654,88655,88656],{"id":88058,"depth":88,"text":88061},{"id":88157,"depth":88,"text":88160},{"id":88191,"depth":88,"text":88194},{"id":88274,"depth":88,"text":88277},{"id":88291,"depth":65,"text":88292},{"id":2774,"depth":65,"text":2775},{"id":1761,"depth":65,"text":1762,"children":88660},[88661,88662,88663,88665,88666],{"id":88541,"depth":88,"text":88542},{"id":88548,"depth":88,"text":88549},{"id":88558,"depth":88,"text":88664},"What is the difference between \"w\" and \"a\" mode?",{"id":88574,"depth":88,"text":88575},{"id":88581,"depth":88,"text":88582},{"id":1824,"depth":65,"text":1825},"Master python open function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained",{"title":86488,"description":88668},"reference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained","2NUk1nPkzgPoyQ-eW0tXGQJ5BkMh9G3DaGNf-J4gI50",{"id":88675,"title":88676,"body":88677,"description":90665,"extension":1922,"meta":90666,"navigation":91,"path":90667,"seo":90668,"stem":90669,"__hash__":90670},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained.md","Python print() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":88678,"toc":90612},[88679,88684,88689,88695,88697,88765,88767,88786,88791,88796,88801,88804,88816,88818,88861,88863,88881,88892,88894,88896,88921,88923,88934,88936,88996,88998,89024,89027,89031,89036,89040,89043,89077,89081,89084,89109,89113,89136,89140,89173,89178,89182,89187,89190,89258,89260,89284,89289,89292,89323,89325,89357,89374,89378,89383,89407,89414,89419,89424,89427,89431,89466,89468,89477,89481,89572,89574,89605,89610,89615,89620,89629,89632,89666,89668,89682,89686,89727,89729,89738,89742,89790,89792,89806,89811,89822,89829,89835,89837,89872,89874,89888,89891,89913,89919,89946,89957,89963,89969,89983,89985,90064,90066,90116,90123,90125,90130,90134,90137,90152,90157,90159,90178,90184,90187,90202,90204,90222,90228,90233,90263,90266,90289,90292,90319,90324,90330,90338,90361,90366,90374,90376,90396,90400,90406,90456,90459,90481,90483,90489,90497,90503,90509,90517,90522,90526,90529,90552,90557,90564,90576,90578,90609],[10,88680,13,88682,18],{"id":88681},"python-print-function-explained",[15,88683,923],{},[20,88685,22,88686,88688],{},[15,88687,923],{}," function displays output in the terminal or console. It is one of the first functions beginners learn because it lets you show text, numbers, variable values, and calculation results.",[20,88690,88691,88692,88694],{},"This page explains the basic syntax of ",[15,88693,923],{},", its most useful optional arguments, and common beginner mistakes.",[33,88696,36],{"id":35},[38,88698,88700],{"className":40,"code":88699,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"Mia\"\nage = 12\n\nprint(name)\nprint(age)\nprint(\"Hello\", name)\n",[15,88701,88702,88714,88723,88727,88737,88747],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,88703,88704,88706,88708,88710,88712],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,88705,810],{"class":53},[47,88707,58],{"class":57},[47,88709,303],{"class":151},[47,88711,7852],{"class":155},[47,88713,820],{"class":151},[47,88715,88716,88718,88720],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,88717,54],{"class":53},[47,88719,58],{"class":57},[47,88721,88722],{"class":61}," 12\n",[47,88724,88725],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,88726,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,88728,88729,88731,88733,88735],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,88730,99],{"class":98},[47,88732,78],{"class":77},[47,88734,7601],{"class":81},[47,88736,85],{"class":77},[47,88738,88739,88741,88743,88745],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,88740,99],{"class":98},[47,88742,78],{"class":77},[47,88744,82],{"class":81},[47,88746,85],{"class":77},[47,88748,88749,88751,88753,88755,88757,88759,88761,88763],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,88750,99],{"class":98},[47,88752,78],{"class":77},[47,88754,309],{"class":151},[47,88756,34800],{"class":155},[47,88758,309],{"class":151},[47,88760,668],{"class":77},[47,88762,35925],{"class":81},[47,88764,85],{"class":77},[20,88766,129],{},[38,88768,88770],{"className":40,"code":88769,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Mia\n12\nHello Mia\n",[15,88771,88772,88777,88781],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,88773,88774],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,88775,88776],{"class":53},"Mia\n",[47,88778,88779],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,88780,2179],{"class":61},[47,88782,88783],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,88784,88785],{"class":53},"Hello Mia\n",[20,88787,165,88788,88790],{},[15,88789,923],{}," to show text, numbers, and variable values on the screen.",[33,88792,172,88794,175],{"id":88793},"what-print-does",[15,88795,923],{},[20,88797,88798,88800],{},[15,88799,923],{}," sends output to the screen.",[20,88802,88803],{},"You can use it to display:",[185,88805,88806,88808,88810,88813],{},[188,88807,104],{},[188,88809,3584],{},[188,88811,88812],{},"variables",[188,88814,88815],{},"expressions",[20,88817,800],{},[38,88819,88821],{"className":40,"code":88820,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(5)\nprint(2 + 3)\n",[15,88822,88823,88837,88847],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,88824,88825,88827,88829,88831,88833,88835],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,88826,99],{"class":98},[47,88828,78],{"class":77},[47,88830,309],{"class":151},[47,88832,34800],{"class":155},[47,88834,309],{"class":151},[47,88836,85],{"class":77},[47,88838,88839,88841,88843,88845],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,88840,99],{"class":98},[47,88842,78],{"class":77},[47,88844,2094],{"class":61},[47,88846,85],{"class":77},[47,88848,88849,88851,88853,88855,88857,88859],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,88850,99],{"class":98},[47,88852,78],{"class":77},[47,88854,2016],{"class":61},[47,88856,312],{"class":57},[47,88858,676],{"class":61},[47,88860,85],{"class":77},[20,88862,129],{},[38,88864,88866],{"className":40,"code":88865,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Hello\n5\n5\n",[15,88867,88868,88873,88877],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,88869,88870],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,88871,88872],{"class":53},"Hello\n",[47,88874,88875],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,88876,2889],{"class":61},[47,88878,88879],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,88880,2889],{"class":61},[20,88882,88883,88884,88886,88887,88891],{},"A very important detail is that ",[15,88885,923],{}," ",[127,88888,3626,88889],{},[15,88890,3713],{},". Its job is to display something, not to give you a value back.",[33,88893,245],{"id":244},[20,88895,30659],{},[38,88897,88899],{"className":40,"code":88898,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(object1, object2, ...)\n",[15,88900,88901],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,88902,88903,88905,88907,88910,88912,88915,88917,88919],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,88904,99],{"class":98},[47,88906,78],{"class":77},[47,88908,88909],{"class":81},"object1",[47,88911,668],{"class":77},[47,88913,88914],{"class":81}," object2",[47,88916,668],{"class":77},[47,88918,34388],{"class":98},[47,88920,85],{"class":77},[20,88922,80127],{},[185,88924,88925,88928,88931],{},[188,88926,88927],{},"one value",[188,88929,88930],{},"many values",[188,88932,88933],{},"strings, numbers, variables, or expressions",[20,88935,800],{},[38,88937,88939],{"className":40,"code":88938,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(\"Apple\")\nprint(\"Score:\", 10)\nprint(\"Total:\", 4 + 6)\n",[15,88940,88941,88955,88974],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,88942,88943,88945,88947,88949,88951,88953],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,88944,99],{"class":98},[47,88946,78],{"class":77},[47,88948,309],{"class":151},[47,88950,57695],{"class":155},[47,88952,309],{"class":151},[47,88954,85],{"class":77},[47,88956,88957,88959,88961,88963,88966,88968,88970,88972],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,88958,99],{"class":98},[47,88960,78],{"class":77},[47,88962,309],{"class":151},[47,88964,88965],{"class":155},"Score:",[47,88967,309],{"class":151},[47,88969,668],{"class":77},[47,88971,5939],{"class":61},[47,88973,85],{"class":77},[47,88975,88976,88978,88980,88982,88984,88986,88988,88990,88992,88994],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,88977,99],{"class":98},[47,88979,78],{"class":77},[47,88981,309],{"class":151},[47,88983,45494],{"class":155},[47,88985,309],{"class":151},[47,88987,668],{"class":77},[47,88989,2404],{"class":61},[47,88991,312],{"class":57},[47,88993,37578],{"class":61},[47,88995,85],{"class":77},[20,88997,129],{},[38,88999,89001],{"className":40,"code":89000,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Apple\nScore: 10\nTotal: 10\n",[15,89002,89003,89007,89016],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,89004,89005],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89006,85280],{"class":53},[47,89008,89009,89012,89014],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,89010,89011],{"class":53},"Score",[47,89013,2826],{"class":77},[47,89015,391],{"class":61},[47,89017,89018,89020,89022],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,89019,45534],{"class":53},[47,89021,2826],{"class":77},[47,89023,391],{"class":61},[20,89025,89026],{},"In Python 3, the parentheses are required.",[33,89028,89030],{"id":89029},"printing-different-kinds-of-values","Printing different kinds of values",[20,89032,89033,89034,914],{},"You can print several kinds of data with ",[15,89035,923],{},[373,89037,89039],{"id":89038},"print-text","Print text",[20,89041,89042],{},"Text must be inside quotes.",[38,89044,89046],{"className":40,"code":89045,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"Python is fun\")\n",[15,89047,89048,89062],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,89049,89050,89052,89054,89056,89058,89060],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89051,99],{"class":98},[47,89053,78],{"class":77},[47,89055,309],{"class":151},[47,89057,34800],{"class":155},[47,89059,309],{"class":151},[47,89061,85],{"class":77},[47,89063,89064,89066,89068,89070,89073,89075],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,89065,99],{"class":98},[47,89067,78],{"class":77},[47,89069,309],{"class":151},[47,89071,89072],{"class":155},"Python is fun",[47,89074,309],{"class":151},[47,89076,85],{"class":77},[373,89078,89080],{"id":89079},"print-numbers","Print numbers",[20,89082,89083],{},"Numbers do not use quotes.",[38,89085,89087],{"className":40,"code":89086,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(5)\nprint(3.14)\n",[15,89088,89089,89099],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,89090,89091,89093,89095,89097],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89092,99],{"class":98},[47,89094,78],{"class":77},[47,89096,2094],{"class":61},[47,89098,85],{"class":77},[47,89100,89101,89103,89105,89107],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,89102,99],{"class":98},[47,89104,78],{"class":77},[47,89106,203],{"class":61},[47,89108,85],{"class":77},[373,89110,89112],{"id":89111},"print-variables","Print variables",[38,89114,89116],{"className":40,"code":89115,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"score = 99\nprint(score)\n",[15,89117,89118,89126],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,89119,89120,89122,89124],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89121,288],{"class":53},[47,89123,58],{"class":57},[47,89125,1547],{"class":61},[47,89127,89128,89130,89132,89134],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,89129,99],{"class":98},[47,89131,78],{"class":77},[47,89133,319],{"class":81},[47,89135,85],{"class":77},[373,89137,89139],{"id":89138},"print-expressions","Print expressions",[38,89141,89143],{"className":40,"code":89142,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(2 + 3)\nprint(10 * 4)\n",[15,89144,89145,89159],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,89146,89147,89149,89151,89153,89155,89157],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89148,99],{"class":98},[47,89150,78],{"class":77},[47,89152,2016],{"class":61},[47,89154,312],{"class":57},[47,89156,676],{"class":61},[47,89158,85],{"class":77},[47,89160,89161,89163,89165,89167,89169,89171],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,89162,99],{"class":98},[47,89164,78],{"class":77},[47,89166,193],{"class":61},[47,89168,82756],{"class":57},[47,89170,2404],{"class":61},[47,89172,85],{"class":77},[20,89174,89175,89176,914],{},"If you are not sure what counts as text, see ",[360,89177,50902],{"href":50901},[33,89179,89181],{"id":89180},"using-multiple-arguments","Using multiple arguments",[20,89183,89184,89186],{},[15,89185,923],{}," can take more than one argument.",[20,89188,89189],{},"By default, Python places a space between them. This is often the easiest way to combine labels and variable values.",[38,89191,89193],{"className":40,"code":89192,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"Ava\"\nage = 10\n\nprint(\"Name:\", name)\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,89194,89195,89208,89216,89220,89239],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,89196,89197,89199,89201,89203,89206],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89198,810],{"class":53},[47,89200,58],{"class":57},[47,89202,303],{"class":151},[47,89204,89205],{"class":155},"Ava",[47,89207,820],{"class":151},[47,89209,89210,89212,89214],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,89211,54],{"class":53},[47,89213,58],{"class":57},[47,89215,391],{"class":61},[47,89217,89218],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,89219,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,89221,89222,89224,89226,89228,89231,89233,89235,89237],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,89223,99],{"class":98},[47,89225,78],{"class":77},[47,89227,309],{"class":151},[47,89229,89230],{"class":155},"Name:",[47,89232,309],{"class":151},[47,89234,668],{"class":77},[47,89236,35925],{"class":81},[47,89238,85],{"class":77},[47,89240,89241,89243,89245,89247,89250,89252,89254,89256],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,89242,99],{"class":98},[47,89244,78],{"class":77},[47,89246,309],{"class":151},[47,89248,89249],{"class":155},"Age:",[47,89251,309],{"class":151},[47,89253,668],{"class":77},[47,89255,9121],{"class":81},[47,89257,85],{"class":77},[20,89259,129],{},[38,89261,89263],{"className":40,"code":89262,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Name: Ava\nAge: 10\n",[15,89264,89265,89275],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,89266,89267,89270,89272],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89268,89269],{"class":53},"Name",[47,89271,2826],{"class":77},[47,89273,89274],{"class":53}," Ava\n",[47,89276,89277,89280,89282],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,89278,89279],{"class":53},"Age",[47,89281,2826],{"class":77},[47,89283,391],{"class":61},[20,89285,89286,89287,914],{},"This is usually easier for beginners than joining values with ",[15,89288,844],{},[20,89290,89291],{},"For example, this works:",[38,89293,89295],{"className":40,"code":89294,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,89296,89297,89305],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,89298,89299,89301,89303],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89300,54],{"class":53},[47,89302,58],{"class":57},[47,89304,391],{"class":61},[47,89306,89307,89309,89311,89313,89315,89317,89319,89321],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,89308,99],{"class":98},[47,89310,78],{"class":77},[47,89312,309],{"class":151},[47,89314,89249],{"class":155},[47,89316,309],{"class":151},[47,89318,668],{"class":77},[47,89320,9121],{"class":81},[47,89322,85],{"class":77},[20,89324,36860],{},[38,89326,89328],{"className":40,"code":89327,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age: \" + age)\n",[15,89329,89330,89338],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,89331,89332,89334,89336],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89333,54],{"class":53},[47,89335,58],{"class":57},[47,89337,391],{"class":61},[47,89339,89340,89342,89344,89346,89349,89351,89353,89355],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,89341,99],{"class":98},[47,89343,78],{"class":77},[47,89345,309],{"class":151},[47,89347,89348],{"class":155},"Age: ",[47,89350,309],{"class":151},[47,89352,312],{"class":57},[47,89354,9121],{"class":81},[47,89356,85],{"class":77},[20,89358,89359,89360,89363,89364,89366,89367,89369,89370,914],{},"That fails because ",[15,89361,89362],{},"\"Age: \""," is a string and ",[15,89365,82],{}," is an integer. If you want to combine them with ",[15,89368,844],{},", you must first convert the number with ",[360,89371,89372],{"href":42107},[15,89373,17],{},[33,89375,89377],{"id":89376},"important-optional-arguments","Important optional arguments",[20,89379,89380,89382],{},[15,89381,923],{}," has a few optional arguments that are especially useful:",[185,89384,89385,89391,89396,89401],{},[188,89386,89387,89390],{},[15,89388,89389],{},"sep"," controls what goes between multiple values",[188,89392,89393,89395],{},[15,89394,52587],{}," controls what is added after the output",[188,89397,89398,89400],{},[15,89399,86665],{}," sends output to a file-like object",[188,89402,89403,89406],{},[15,89404,89405],{},"flush"," forces output to appear immediately",[20,89408,89409,89410,4329,89412,914],{},"The most important ones for beginners are ",[15,89411,89389],{},[15,89413,52587],{},[33,89415,89417,36549],{"id":89416},"sep-argument",[15,89418,89389],{},[20,89420,1939,89421,89423],{},[15,89422,89389],{}," argument changes the separator between multiple printed values.",[20,89425,89426],{},"The default separator is a single space.",[373,89428,89430],{"id":89429},"default-behavior","Default behavior",[38,89432,89434],{"className":40,"code":89433,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n",[15,89435,89436],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,89437,89438,89440,89442,89444,89446,89448,89450,89452,89454,89456,89458,89460,89462,89464],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89439,99],{"class":98},[47,89441,78],{"class":77},[47,89443,309],{"class":151},[47,89445,13027],{"class":155},[47,89447,309],{"class":151},[47,89449,668],{"class":77},[47,89451,303],{"class":151},[47,89453,17390],{"class":155},[47,89455,309],{"class":151},[47,89457,668],{"class":77},[47,89459,303],{"class":151},[47,89461,13044],{"class":155},[47,89463,309],{"class":151},[47,89465,85],{"class":77},[20,89467,129],{},[38,89469,89471],{"className":40,"code":89470,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"red green blue\n",[15,89472,89473],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,89474,89475],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89476,89470],{"class":53},[373,89478,89480],{"id":89479},"custom-separator","Custom separator",[38,89482,89484],{"className":40,"code":89483,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\",\")\nprint(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\" - \")\n",[15,89485,89486,89529],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,89487,89488,89490,89492,89494,89496,89498,89500,89502,89504,89506,89508,89510,89512,89514,89516,89519,89521,89523,89525,89527],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89489,99],{"class":98},[47,89491,78],{"class":77},[47,89493,309],{"class":151},[47,89495,13027],{"class":155},[47,89497,309],{"class":151},[47,89499,668],{"class":77},[47,89501,303],{"class":151},[47,89503,17390],{"class":155},[47,89505,309],{"class":151},[47,89507,668],{"class":77},[47,89509,303],{"class":151},[47,89511,13044],{"class":155},[47,89513,309],{"class":151},[47,89515,668],{"class":77},[47,89517,89518],{"class":9108}," sep",[47,89520,58],{"class":57},[47,89522,309],{"class":151},[47,89524,668],{"class":155},[47,89526,309],{"class":151},[47,89528,85],{"class":77},[47,89530,89531,89533,89535,89537,89539,89541,89543,89545,89547,89549,89551,89553,89555,89557,89559,89561,89563,89565,89568,89570],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,89532,99],{"class":98},[47,89534,78],{"class":77},[47,89536,309],{"class":151},[47,89538,13027],{"class":155},[47,89540,309],{"class":151},[47,89542,668],{"class":77},[47,89544,303],{"class":151},[47,89546,17390],{"class":155},[47,89548,309],{"class":151},[47,89550,668],{"class":77},[47,89552,303],{"class":151},[47,89554,13044],{"class":155},[47,89556,309],{"class":151},[47,89558,668],{"class":77},[47,89560,89518],{"class":9108},[47,89562,58],{"class":57},[47,89564,309],{"class":151},[47,89566,89567],{"class":155}," - ",[47,89569,309],{"class":151},[47,89571,85],{"class":77},[20,89573,129],{},[38,89575,89577],{"className":40,"code":89576,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"red,green,blue\nred - green - blue\n",[15,89578,89579,89591],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,89580,89581,89583,89585,89587,89589],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89582,13027],{"class":53},[47,89584,668],{"class":77},[47,89586,17390],{"class":53},[47,89588,668],{"class":77},[47,89590,69908],{"class":53},[47,89592,89593,89596,89598,89601,89603],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,89594,89595],{"class":53},"red ",[47,89597,1981],{"class":57},[47,89599,89600],{"class":53}," green ",[47,89602,1981],{"class":57},[47,89604,35815],{"class":53},[20,89606,89607,89609],{},[15,89608,89389],{}," only matters when you print more than one argument.",[20,89611,89612,89613,914],{},"This is useful for simple formatting without building one long string yourself. If you want more control over formatting, see ",[360,89614,913],{"href":912},[33,89616,89618,36549],{"id":89617},"end-argument",[15,89619,52587],{},[20,89621,89622,89623,89625,89626,89628],{},"By default, ",[15,89624,923],{}," ends with a newline. That means the next ",[15,89627,923],{}," starts on a new line.",[373,89630,89430],{"id":89631},"default-behavior-1",[38,89633,89635],{"className":40,"code":89634,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89636,89637,89651],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,89638,89639,89641,89643,89645,89647,89649],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89640,99],{"class":98},[47,89642,78],{"class":77},[47,89644,309],{"class":151},[47,89646,34800],{"class":155},[47,89648,309],{"class":151},[47,89650,85],{"class":77},[47,89652,89653,89655,89657,89659,89662,89664],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,89654,99],{"class":98},[47,89656,78],{"class":77},[47,89658,309],{"class":151},[47,89660,89661],{"class":155},"World",[47,89663,309],{"class":151},[47,89665,85],{"class":77},[20,89667,129],{},[38,89669,89671],{"className":40,"code":89670,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Hello\nWorld\n",[15,89672,89673,89677],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,89674,89675],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89676,88872],{"class":53},[47,89678,89679],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,89680,89681],{"class":53},"World\n",[373,89683,89685],{"id":89684},"stay-on-the-same-line","Stay on the same line",[38,89687,89689],{"className":40,"code":89688,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89690,89691,89713],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,89692,89693,89695,89697,89699,89701,89703,89705,89707,89709,89711],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89694,99],{"class":98},[47,89696,78],{"class":77},[47,89698,309],{"class":151},[47,89700,34800],{"class":155},[47,89702,309],{"class":151},[47,89704,668],{"class":77},[47,89706,64967],{"class":9108},[47,89708,58],{"class":57},[47,89710,6207],{"class":151},[47,89712,85],{"class":77},[47,89714,89715,89717,89719,89721,89723,89725],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,89716,99],{"class":98},[47,89718,78],{"class":77},[47,89720,309],{"class":151},[47,89722,89661],{"class":155},[47,89724,309],{"class":151},[47,89726,85],{"class":77},[20,89728,129],{},[38,89730,89732],{"className":40,"code":89731,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"HelloWorld\n",[15,89733,89734],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,89735,89736],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89737,89731],{"class":53},[373,89739,89741],{"id":89740},"add-a-custom-ending","Add a custom ending",[38,89743,89745],{"className":40,"code":89744,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"!\\n\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89746,89747,89776],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,89748,89749,89751,89753,89755,89757,89759,89761,89763,89765,89767,89770,89772,89774],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89750,99],{"class":98},[47,89752,78],{"class":77},[47,89754,309],{"class":151},[47,89756,34800],{"class":155},[47,89758,309],{"class":151},[47,89760,668],{"class":77},[47,89762,64967],{"class":9108},[47,89764,58],{"class":57},[47,89766,309],{"class":151},[47,89768,89769],{"class":155},"!",[47,89771,87076],{"class":34387},[47,89773,309],{"class":151},[47,89775,85],{"class":77},[47,89777,89778,89780,89782,89784,89786,89788],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,89779,99],{"class":98},[47,89781,78],{"class":77},[47,89783,309],{"class":151},[47,89785,89661],{"class":155},[47,89787,309],{"class":151},[47,89789,85],{"class":77},[20,89791,129],{},[38,89793,89795],{"className":40,"code":89794,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Hello!\nWorld\n",[15,89796,89797,89802],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,89798,89799],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89800,89801],{"class":53},"Hello!\n",[47,89803,89804],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,89805,89681],{"class":53},[20,89807,1939,89808,89810],{},[15,89809,52587],{}," argument is useful for:",[185,89812,89813,89816,89819],{},[188,89814,89815],{},"progress messages",[188,89817,89818],{},"inline output",[188,89820,89821],{},"custom punctuation at the end of printed text",[33,89823,89825,2346,89827],{"id":89824},"print-returns-none",[15,89826,923],{},[15,89828,3713],{},[20,89830,89831,89832,89834],{},"A common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,89833,923],{}," to return the text it shows.",[20,89836,800],{},[38,89838,89840],{"className":40,"code":89839,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"result = print(\"Hi\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,89841,89842,89862],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,89843,89844,89846,89848,89851,89853,89855,89858,89860],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89845,2184],{"class":53},[47,89847,58],{"class":57},[47,89849,89850],{"class":98}," print",[47,89852,78],{"class":77},[47,89854,309],{"class":151},[47,89856,89857],{"class":155},"Hi",[47,89859,309],{"class":151},[47,89861,85],{"class":77},[47,89863,89864,89866,89868,89870],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,89865,99],{"class":98},[47,89867,78],{"class":77},[47,89869,2218],{"class":81},[47,89871,85],{"class":77},[20,89873,129],{},[38,89875,89877],{"className":40,"code":89876,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Hi\nNone\n",[15,89878,89879,89884],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,89880,89881],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89882,89883],{"class":53},"Hi\n",[47,89885,89886],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,89887,11742],{"class":571},[20,89889,89890],{},"Why does this happen?",[185,89892,89893,89901,89906],{},[188,89894,89895,89898,89899],{},[15,89896,89897],{},"print(\"Hi\")"," displays ",[15,89900,89857],{},[188,89902,89903,89904],{},"but the function itself returns ",[15,89905,3713],{},[188,89907,89908,89909,11854,89911],{},"so ",[15,89910,2218],{},[15,89912,3713],{},[20,89914,89915,89916,89918],{},"If you need to keep a value, assign the value itself instead of the ",[15,89917,923],{}," call.",[38,89920,89922],{"className":40,"code":89921,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"message = \"Hi\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,89923,89924,89936],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,89925,89926,89928,89930,89932,89934],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89927,298],{"class":53},[47,89929,58],{"class":57},[47,89931,303],{"class":151},[47,89933,89857],{"class":155},[47,89935,820],{"class":151},[47,89937,89938,89940,89942,89944],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,89939,99],{"class":98},[47,89941,78],{"class":77},[47,89943,334],{"class":81},[47,89945,85],{"class":77},[20,89947,89948,89949,89951,89952,89956],{},"This idea becomes clearer when you compare ",[15,89950,923],{}," with functions like ",[360,89953,89954],{"href":8151},[15,89955,2900],{},", which do return a value.",[33,89958,89960,89961],{"id":89959},"when-beginners-use-print","When beginners use ",[15,89962,923],{},[20,89964,89965,89966,89968],{},"Beginners use ",[15,89967,923],{}," in many simple but important ways:",[185,89970,89971,89974,89977,89980],{},[188,89972,89973],{},"to display results to the user",[188,89975,89976],{},"to show messages in a script",[188,89978,89979],{},"to check variable values while debugging",[188,89981,89982],{},"to inspect loops and function behavior",[20,89984,800],{},[38,89986,89988],{"className":40,"code":89987,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"total = 0\n\nfor number in range(1, 4):\n    total += number\n    print(\"Current number:\", number, \"Total:\", total)\n",[15,89989,89990,89998,90002,90022,90033],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,89991,89992,89994,89996],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89993,41116],{"class":53},[47,89995,58],{"class":57},[47,89997,38448],{"class":61},[47,89999,90000],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,90001,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,90003,90004,90006,90008,90010,90012,90014,90016,90018,90020],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,90005,5892],{"class":3812},[47,90007,6322],{"class":53},[47,90009,3819],{"class":3812},[47,90011,53997],{"class":98},[47,90013,78],{"class":77},[47,90015,665],{"class":61},[47,90017,668],{"class":77},[47,90019,2404],{"class":61},[47,90021,8273],{"class":77},[47,90023,90024,90027,90030],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,90025,90026],{"class":53},"    total ",[47,90028,90029],{"class":57},"+=",[47,90031,90032],{"class":53}," number\n",[47,90034,90035,90037,90039,90041,90044,90046,90048,90050,90052,90054,90056,90058,90060,90062],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,90036,8000],{"class":98},[47,90038,78],{"class":77},[47,90040,309],{"class":151},[47,90042,90043],{"class":155},"Current number:",[47,90045,309],{"class":151},[47,90047,668],{"class":77},[47,90049,2152],{"class":81},[47,90051,668],{"class":77},[47,90053,303],{"class":151},[47,90055,45494],{"class":155},[47,90057,309],{"class":151},[47,90059,668],{"class":77},[47,90061,45501],{"class":81},[47,90063,85],{"class":77},[20,90065,129],{},[38,90067,90069],{"className":40,"code":90068,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Current number: 1 Total: 1\nCurrent number: 2 Total: 3\nCurrent number: 3 Total: 6\n",[15,90070,90071,90087,90101],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,90072,90073,90076,90078,90080,90083,90085],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90074,90075],{"class":53},"Current number",[47,90077,2826],{"class":77},[47,90079,5431],{"class":61},[47,90081,90082],{"class":53}," Total",[47,90084,2826],{"class":77},[47,90086,29549],{"class":61},[47,90088,90089,90091,90093,90095,90097,90099],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,90090,90075],{"class":53},[47,90092,2826],{"class":77},[47,90094,671],{"class":61},[47,90096,90082],{"class":53},[47,90098,2826],{"class":77},[47,90100,2524],{"class":61},[47,90102,90103,90105,90107,90109,90111,90113],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,90104,90075],{"class":53},[47,90106,2826],{"class":77},[47,90108,676],{"class":61},[47,90110,90082],{"class":53},[47,90112,2826],{"class":77},[47,90114,90115],{"class":61}," 6\n",[20,90117,90118,90119,914],{},"This kind of output is very helpful when you are trying to understand what your code is doing. For more debugging help, see ",[360,90120,90122],{"href":90121},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-debug-python-code-beginner-guide\u002F","how to debug Python code",[33,90124,2775],{"id":2774},[20,90126,90127,90128,914],{},"Here are some common beginner problems when using ",[15,90129,923],{},[373,90131,90133],{"id":90132},"forgetting-quotes-around-text","Forgetting quotes around text",[20,90135,90136],{},"This causes Python to think the word is a variable name.",[38,90138,90140],{"className":40,"code":90139,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(Hello)\n",[15,90141,90142],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,90143,90144,90146,90148,90150],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90145,99],{"class":98},[47,90147,78],{"class":77},[47,90149,34800],{"class":81},[47,90151,85],{"class":77},[20,90153,8807,90154,90156],{},[15,90155,34800],{}," is not defined, Python raises an error.",[20,90158,10740],{},[38,90160,90162],{"className":40,"code":90161,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,90163,90164],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,90165,90166,90168,90170,90172,90174,90176],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90167,99],{"class":98},[47,90169,78],{"class":77},[47,90171,309],{"class":151},[47,90173,34800],{"class":155},[47,90175,309],{"class":151},[47,90177,85],{"class":77},[373,90179,1335,90181,90183],{"id":90180},"using-print-without-parentheses-in-python-3",[15,90182,99],{}," without parentheses in Python 3",[20,90185,90186],{},"This is incorrect in Python 3:",[38,90188,90190],{"className":40,"code":90189,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print \"Hello\"\n",[15,90191,90192],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,90193,90194,90196,90198,90200],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90195,99],{"class":98},[47,90197,303],{"class":151},[47,90199,34800],{"class":155},[47,90201,820],{"class":151},[20,90203,10740],{},[38,90205,90206],{"className":40,"code":90161,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,90207,90208],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,90209,90210,90212,90214,90216,90218,90220],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90211,99],{"class":98},[47,90213,78],{"class":77},[47,90215,309],{"class":151},[47,90217,34800],{"class":155},[47,90219,309],{"class":151},[47,90221,85],{"class":77},[373,90223,90225,90226],{"id":90224},"trying-to-join-strings-and-numbers-with","Trying to join strings and numbers with ",[15,90227,844],{},[20,90229,90230,90231,914],{},"This causes a ",[15,90232,2947],{},[38,90234,90235],{"className":40,"code":89327,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,90236,90237,90245],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,90238,90239,90241,90243],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90240,54],{"class":53},[47,90242,58],{"class":57},[47,90244,391],{"class":61},[47,90246,90247,90249,90251,90253,90255,90257,90259,90261],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,90248,99],{"class":98},[47,90250,78],{"class":77},[47,90252,309],{"class":151},[47,90254,89348],{"class":155},[47,90256,309],{"class":151},[47,90258,312],{"class":57},[47,90260,9121],{"class":81},[47,90262,85],{"class":77},[20,90264,90265],{},"Fix it by using multiple arguments:",[38,90267,90269],{"className":40,"code":90268,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,90270,90271],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,90272,90273,90275,90277,90279,90281,90283,90285,90287],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90274,99],{"class":98},[47,90276,78],{"class":77},[47,90278,309],{"class":151},[47,90280,89249],{"class":155},[47,90282,309],{"class":151},[47,90284,668],{"class":77},[47,90286,9121],{"class":81},[47,90288,85],{"class":77},[20,90290,90291],{},"Or convert the number first:",[38,90293,90295],{"className":40,"code":90294,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(\"Age: \" + str(age))\n",[15,90296,90297],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,90298,90299,90301,90303,90305,90307,90309,90311,90313,90315,90317],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90300,99],{"class":98},[47,90302,78],{"class":77},[47,90304,309],{"class":151},[47,90306,89348],{"class":155},[47,90308,309],{"class":151},[47,90310,312],{"class":57},[47,90312,74],{"class":73},[47,90314,78],{"class":77},[47,90316,82],{"class":81},[47,90318,123],{"class":77},[20,90320,90321,90322,914],{},"If you see this error, read ",[360,90323,1655],{"href":1651},[373,90325,1400,90327,90329],{"id":90326},"expecting-print-to-return-a-value",[15,90328,923],{}," to return a value",[20,90331,90332,90333,35263,90336,2826],{},"This does not store ",[15,90334,90335],{},"\"Hello\"",[15,90337,2218],{},[38,90339,90341],{"className":40,"code":90340,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"result = print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,90342,90343],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,90344,90345,90347,90349,90351,90353,90355,90357,90359],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90346,2184],{"class":53},[47,90348,58],{"class":57},[47,90350,89850],{"class":98},[47,90352,78],{"class":77},[47,90354,309],{"class":151},[47,90356,34800],{"class":155},[47,90358,309],{"class":151},[47,90360,85],{"class":77},[20,90362,90363,90364,914],{},"It stores ",[15,90365,3713],{},[373,90367,90369,90370,4329,90372],{"id":90368},"misunderstanding-sep-and-end","Misunderstanding ",[15,90371,89389],{},[15,90373,52587],{},[20,90375,85735],{},[185,90377,90378,90387],{},[188,90379,90380,90382,90383,90386],{},[15,90381,89389],{}," changes what goes ",[127,90384,90385],{},"between"," multiple values",[188,90388,90389,90391,90392,90395],{},[15,90390,52587],{}," changes what appears ",[127,90393,90394],{},"after"," the output",[33,90397,90399],{"id":90398},"useful-debugging-commands","Useful debugging commands",[20,90401,90402,90403,90405],{},"These simple ",[15,90404,923],{}," examples can help you inspect your code:",[38,90407,90409],{"className":40,"code":90408,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)\nprint(type(variable_name))\nhelp(print)\n",[15,90410,90411,90431,90446],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,90412,90413,90415,90417,90419,90422,90424,90426,90429],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90414,99],{"class":98},[47,90416,78],{"class":77},[47,90418,309],{"class":151},[47,90420,90421],{"class":155},"Debug:",[47,90423,309],{"class":151},[47,90425,668],{"class":77},[47,90427,90428],{"class":81}," variable_name",[47,90430,85],{"class":77},[47,90432,90433,90435,90437,90439,90441,90444],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,90434,99],{"class":98},[47,90436,78],{"class":77},[47,90438,116],{"class":73},[47,90440,78],{"class":77},[47,90442,90443],{"class":81},"variable_name",[47,90445,123],{"class":77},[47,90447,90448,90450,90452,90454],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,90449,32087],{"class":98},[47,90451,78],{"class":77},[47,90453,99],{"class":98},[47,90455,85],{"class":77},[20,90457,90458],{},"What they do:",[185,90460,90461,90467,90473],{},[188,90462,90463,90466],{},[15,90464,90465],{},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)"," shows the current value",[188,90468,90469,90472],{},[15,90470,90471],{},"print(type(variable_name))"," shows the value's type",[188,90474,90475,90478,90479],{},[15,90476,90477],{},"help(print)"," shows Python's built-in help for ",[15,90480,923],{},[33,90482,1762],{"id":1761},[373,90484,1776,90486,90488],{"id":90485},"does-print-add-a-new-line-automatically",[15,90487,923],{}," add a new line automatically?",[20,90490,90491,90492,90494,90495,36555],{},"Yes. By default, ",[15,90493,923],{}," ends with a newline. You can change this with the ",[15,90496,52587],{},[373,90498,1786,90500,90502],{"id":90499},"can-print-show-more-than-one-value",[15,90501,923],{}," show more than one value?",[20,90504,90505,90506,90508],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple arguments, and ",[15,90507,923],{}," separates them with a space by default.",[373,90510,5090,90512,5093,90515,1812],{"id":90511},"why-does-printhello-return-none",[15,90513,90514],{},"print(\"Hello\")",[15,90516,3713],{},[20,90518,28995,90519,90521],{},[15,90520,923],{}," is used for displaying output, not for returning data.",[373,90523,90525],{"id":90524},"how-do-i-print-text-and-a-number-together","How do I print text and a number together?",[20,90527,90528],{},"Use multiple arguments:",[38,90530,90532],{"className":40,"code":90531,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(\"Age:\", 10)\n",[15,90533,90534],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,90535,90536,90538,90540,90542,90544,90546,90548,90550],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90537,99],{"class":98},[47,90539,78],{"class":77},[47,90541,309],{"class":151},[47,90543,89249],{"class":155},[47,90545,309],{"class":151},[47,90547,668],{"class":77},[47,90549,5939],{"class":61},[47,90551,85],{"class":77},[20,90553,90554,90555,39865],{},"You can also convert the number with ",[15,90556,17],{},[373,90558,5111,90560,4329,90562,1812],{"id":90559},"what-is-the-difference-between-sep-and-end",[15,90561,89389],{},[15,90563,52587],{},[185,90565,90566,90571],{},[188,90567,90568,90570],{},[15,90569,89389],{}," changes the separator between multiple values",[188,90572,90573,90575],{},[15,90574,52587],{}," changes what appears after the output",[33,90577,1825],{"id":1824},[185,90579,90580,90584,90590,90596,90600,90605],{},[188,90581,90582],{},[360,90583,50902],{"href":50901},[188,90585,90586],{},[360,90587,13,90588,1834],{"href":8151},[15,90589,2900],{},[188,90591,90592],{},[360,90593,13,90594,1834],{"href":42107},[15,90595,17],{},[188,90597,90598],{},[360,90599,1866],{"href":912},[188,90601,90602],{},[360,90603,90604],{"href":90121},"How to debug Python code",[188,90606,90607],{},[360,90608,1655],{"href":1651},[1875,90610,90611],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":65,"depth":65,"links":90613},[90614,90615,90617,90618,90624,90625,90626,90631,90637,90639,90641,90652,90653,90664],{"id":35,"depth":65,"text":36},{"id":88793,"depth":65,"text":90616},"What print() does",{"id":244,"depth":65,"text":245},{"id":89029,"depth":65,"text":89030,"children":90619},[90620,90621,90622,90623],{"id":89038,"depth":88,"text":89039},{"id":89079,"depth":88,"text":89080},{"id":89111,"depth":88,"text":89112},{"id":89138,"depth":88,"text":89139},{"id":89180,"depth":65,"text":89181},{"id":89376,"depth":65,"text":89377},{"id":89416,"depth":65,"text":90627,"children":90628},"sep argument",[90629,90630],{"id":89429,"depth":88,"text":89430},{"id":89479,"depth":88,"text":89480},{"id":89617,"depth":65,"text":90632,"children":90633},"end argument",[90634,90635,90636],{"id":89631,"depth":88,"text":89430},{"id":89684,"depth":88,"text":89685},{"id":89740,"depth":88,"text":89741},{"id":89824,"depth":65,"text":90638},"print() returns None",{"id":89959,"depth":65,"text":90640},"When beginners use print()",{"id":2774,"depth":65,"text":2775,"children":90642},[90643,90644,90646,90648,90650],{"id":90132,"depth":88,"text":90133},{"id":90180,"depth":88,"text":90645},"Using print without parentheses in Python 3",{"id":90224,"depth":88,"text":90647},"Trying to join strings and numbers with +",{"id":90326,"depth":88,"text":90649},"Expecting print() to return a value",{"id":90368,"depth":88,"text":90651},"Misunderstanding sep and end",{"id":90398,"depth":65,"text":90399},{"id":1761,"depth":65,"text":1762,"children":90654},[90655,90657,90659,90661,90662],{"id":90485,"depth":88,"text":90656},"Does print() add a new line automatically?",{"id":90499,"depth":88,"text":90658},"Can print() show more than one value?",{"id":90511,"depth":88,"text":90660},"Why does print(\"Hello\") return None?",{"id":90524,"depth":88,"text":90525},{"id":90559,"depth":88,"text":90663},"What is the difference between sep and end?",{"id":1824,"depth":65,"text":1825},"Master python print function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained",{"title":88676,"description":90665},"reference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained","ahZWQtbTzoCwOmu5w2Uese6Ncgk-ftfLLIvMyuu3nQc",{"id":90672,"title":90673,"body":90674,"description":92978,"extension":1922,"meta":92979,"navigation":91,"path":92980,"seo":92981,"stem":92982,"__hash__":92983},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained.md","Python range() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":90675,"toc":92924},[90676,90681,90686,90699,90701,90766,90777,90782,90787,90789,90812,90815,90846,90848,90865,90870,90876,90881,90930,90933,90950,90956,90961,90984,90986,91014,91020,91028,91055,91057,91082,91088,91091,91122,91124,91153,91157,91160,91165,91187,91189,91217,91223,91229,91255,91257,91281,91287,91293,91323,91325,91353,91363,91367,91373,91406,91408,91437,91440,91443,91476,91478,91486,91492,91494,91517,91522,91531,91536,91550,91552,91592,91594,91624,91628,91663,91669,91673,91717,91719,91749,91755,91758,91837,91839,91861,91869,91872,91935,91943,92018,92024,92031,92036,92041,92064,92066,92087,92089,92102,92104,92151,92153,92192,92201,92203,92207,92211,92214,92241,92244,92273,92276,92300,92303,92311,92317,92339,92341,92369,92373,92378,92433,92438,92440,92497,92504,92513,92516,92548,92550,92558,92561,92567,92569,92592,92595,92601,92604,92623,92625,92644,92647,92669,92671,92699,92703,92707,92812,92814,92827,92829,92835,92838,92846,92851,92857,92863,92868,92876,92882,92889,92891,92921],[10,90677,13,90679,18],{"id":90678},"python-range-function-explained",[15,90680,36132],{},[20,90682,22,90683,90685],{},[15,90684,36132],{}," function creates a sequence of numbers.",[20,90687,90688,90689,90691,90692,90694,90695,90698],{},"Beginners usually use it in ",[15,90690,5892],{}," loops to repeat something a certain number of times or to work with number patterns. A very important detail is that ",[15,90693,36132],{}," stops ",[127,90696,90697],{},"before"," the end value.",[33,90700,36],{"id":35},[38,90702,90704],{"className":40,"code":90703,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n\n# Output:\n# 0\n# 1\n# 2\n# 3\n# 4\n",[15,90705,90706,90722,90732,90736,90741,90746,90751,90756,90761],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,90707,90708,90710,90712,90714,90716,90718,90720],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90709,5892],{"class":3812},[47,90711,69475],{"class":53},[47,90713,3819],{"class":3812},[47,90715,53997],{"class":98},[47,90717,78],{"class":77},[47,90719,2094],{"class":61},[47,90721,8273],{"class":77},[47,90723,90724,90726,90728,90730],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,90725,8000],{"class":98},[47,90727,78],{"class":77},[47,90729,36088],{"class":81},[47,90731,85],{"class":77},[47,90733,90734],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,90735,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,90737,90738],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,90739,90740],{"class":1378},"# Output:\n",[47,90742,90743],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,90744,90745],{"class":1378},"# 0\n",[47,90747,90748],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,90749,90750],{"class":1378},"# 1\n",[47,90752,90753],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,90754,90755],{"class":1378},"# 2\n",[47,90757,90758],{"class":49,"line":1734},[47,90759,90760],{"class":1378},"# 3\n",[47,90762,90763],{"class":49,"line":6365},[47,90764,90765],{"class":1378},"# 4\n",[20,90767,90768,90771,90772,90774,90775,914],{},[15,90769,90770],{},"range(5)"," creates numbers starting at ",[15,90773,2077],{}," and stopping before ",[15,90776,2094],{},[33,90778,172,90780,175],{"id":90779},"what-range-does",[15,90781,36132],{},[20,90783,90784,90786],{},[15,90785,36132],{}," is used to generate numbers in order.",[20,90788,12986],{},[185,90790,90791,90796,90802,90807],{},[188,90792,90793,90795],{},[15,90794,36132],{}," creates a sequence of numbers",[188,90797,90798,90799,90801],{},"It is commonly used with ",[15,90800,5892],{}," loops",[188,90803,90804,90805],{},"The stop value is ",[127,90806,64996],{},[188,90808,17356,90809,90811],{},[15,90810,59926],{}," object, not a regular list",[20,90813,90814],{},"You will often see it with a loop like this:",[38,90816,90818],{"className":40,"code":90817,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"for number in range(3):\n    print(number)\n",[15,90819,90820,90836],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,90821,90822,90824,90826,90828,90830,90832,90834],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90823,5892],{"class":3812},[47,90825,6322],{"class":53},[47,90827,3819],{"class":3812},[47,90829,53997],{"class":98},[47,90831,78],{"class":77},[47,90833,2021],{"class":61},[47,90835,8273],{"class":77},[47,90837,90838,90840,90842,90844],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,90839,8000],{"class":98},[47,90841,78],{"class":77},[47,90843,404],{"class":81},[47,90845,85],{"class":77},[20,90847,129],{},[38,90849,90851],{"className":40,"code":90850,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"0\n1\n2\n",[15,90852,90853,90857,90861],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,90854,90855],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90856,47179],{"class":61},[47,90858,90859],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,90860,46844],{"class":61},[47,90862,90863],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,90864,16992],{"class":61},[20,90866,90867,90868,914],{},"If you are still learning loops, see ",[360,90869,35962],{"href":35961},[33,90871,90873,90875],{"id":90872},"range-syntax",[15,90874,36132],{}," syntax",[20,90877,90878,90880],{},[15,90879,36132],{}," has three common forms:",[38,90882,90884],{"className":40,"code":90883,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"range(stop)\nrange(start, stop)\nrange(start, stop, step)\n",[15,90885,90886,90896,90911],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,90887,90888,90890,90892,90894],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90889,59926],{"class":98},[47,90891,78],{"class":77},[47,90893,75350],{"class":81},[47,90895,85],{"class":77},[47,90897,90898,90900,90902,90904,90906,90909],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,90899,59926],{"class":98},[47,90901,78],{"class":77},[47,90903,36006],{"class":81},[47,90905,668],{"class":77},[47,90907,90908],{"class":81}," stop",[47,90910,85],{"class":77},[47,90912,90913,90915,90917,90919,90921,90923,90925,90928],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,90914,59926],{"class":98},[47,90916,78],{"class":77},[47,90918,36006],{"class":81},[47,90920,668],{"class":77},[47,90922,90908],{"class":81},[47,90924,668],{"class":77},[47,90926,90927],{"class":81}," step",[47,90929,85],{"class":77},[20,90931,90932],{},"Meaning of each argument:",[185,90934,90935,90940,90945],{},[188,90936,90937,90939],{},[15,90938,36006],{}," = first number",[188,90941,90942,90944],{},[15,90943,75350],{}," = end limit, not included",[188,90946,90947,90949],{},[15,90948,75353],{}," = amount to move each time",[373,90951,90953],{"id":90952},"rangestop",[15,90954,90955],{},"range(stop)",[20,90957,90958,90959,914],{},"When you give one value, Python treats it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,90960,2077],{},[38,90962,90964],{"className":40,"code":90963,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(list(range(5)))\n",[15,90965,90966],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,90967,90968,90970,90972,90974,90976,90978,90980,90982],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90969,99],{"class":98},[47,90971,78],{"class":77},[47,90973,8025],{"class":73},[47,90975,78],{"class":77},[47,90977,59926],{"class":98},[47,90979,78],{"class":77},[47,90981,2094],{"class":61},[47,90983,2854],{"class":77},[20,90985,129],{},[38,90987,90988],{"className":40,"code":59949,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,90989,90990],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,90991,90992,90994,90996,90998,91000,91002,91004,91006,91008,91010,91012],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90993,736],{"class":77},[47,90995,2077],{"class":61},[47,90997,668],{"class":77},[47,90999,5431],{"class":61},[47,91001,668],{"class":77},[47,91003,671],{"class":61},[47,91005,668],{"class":77},[47,91007,676],{"class":61},[47,91009,668],{"class":77},[47,91011,2404],{"class":61},[47,91013,679],{"class":77},[373,91015,91017],{"id":91016},"rangestart-stop",[15,91018,91019],{},"range(start, stop)",[20,91021,91022,91023,91025,91026,914],{},"This starts at ",[15,91024,36006],{}," and stops before ",[15,91027,75350],{},[38,91029,91031],{"className":40,"code":91030,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(list(range(2, 6)))\n",[15,91032,91033],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91034,91035,91037,91039,91041,91043,91045,91047,91049,91051,91053],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91036,99],{"class":98},[47,91038,78],{"class":77},[47,91040,8025],{"class":73},[47,91042,78],{"class":77},[47,91044,59926],{"class":98},[47,91046,78],{"class":77},[47,91048,2016],{"class":61},[47,91050,668],{"class":77},[47,91052,37578],{"class":61},[47,91054,2854],{"class":77},[20,91056,129],{},[38,91058,91060],{"className":40,"code":91059,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,91061,91062],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91063,91064,91066,91068,91070,91072,91074,91076,91078,91080],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91065,736],{"class":77},[47,91067,2016],{"class":61},[47,91069,668],{"class":77},[47,91071,676],{"class":61},[47,91073,668],{"class":77},[47,91075,2404],{"class":61},[47,91077,668],{"class":77},[47,91079,4540],{"class":61},[47,91081,679],{"class":77},[373,91083,91085],{"id":91084},"rangestart-stop-step",[15,91086,91087],{},"range(start, stop, step)",[20,91089,91090],{},"This also lets you control how much the value changes each time.",[38,91092,91094],{"className":40,"code":91093,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(list(range(1, 10, 2)))\n",[15,91095,91096],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91097,91098,91100,91102,91104,91106,91108,91110,91112,91114,91116,91118,91120],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91099,99],{"class":98},[47,91101,78],{"class":77},[47,91103,8025],{"class":73},[47,91105,78],{"class":77},[47,91107,59926],{"class":98},[47,91109,78],{"class":77},[47,91111,665],{"class":61},[47,91113,668],{"class":77},[47,91115,5939],{"class":61},[47,91117,668],{"class":77},[47,91119,671],{"class":61},[47,91121,2854],{"class":77},[20,91123,129],{},[38,91125,91127],{"className":40,"code":91126,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]\n",[15,91128,91129],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91130,91131,91133,91135,91137,91139,91141,91143,91145,91147,91149,91151],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91132,736],{"class":77},[47,91134,665],{"class":61},[47,91136,668],{"class":77},[47,91138,676],{"class":61},[47,91140,668],{"class":77},[47,91142,4540],{"class":61},[47,91144,668],{"class":77},[47,91146,5928],{"class":61},[47,91148,668],{"class":77},[47,91150,54063],{"class":61},[47,91152,679],{"class":77},[33,91154,91156],{"id":91155},"how-the-arguments-work","How the arguments work",[20,91158,91159],{},"Here are the most common patterns beginners use.",[373,91161,91163],{"id":91162},"range5",[15,91164,90770],{},[38,91166,91167],{"className":40,"code":90963,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,91168,91169],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91170,91171,91173,91175,91177,91179,91181,91183,91185],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91172,99],{"class":98},[47,91174,78],{"class":77},[47,91176,8025],{"class":73},[47,91178,78],{"class":77},[47,91180,59926],{"class":98},[47,91182,78],{"class":77},[47,91184,2094],{"class":61},[47,91186,2854],{"class":77},[20,91188,129],{},[38,91190,91191],{"className":40,"code":59949,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,91192,91193],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91194,91195,91197,91199,91201,91203,91205,91207,91209,91211,91213,91215],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91196,736],{"class":77},[47,91198,2077],{"class":61},[47,91200,668],{"class":77},[47,91202,5431],{"class":61},[47,91204,668],{"class":77},[47,91206,671],{"class":61},[47,91208,668],{"class":77},[47,91210,676],{"class":61},[47,91212,668],{"class":77},[47,91214,2404],{"class":61},[47,91216,679],{"class":77},[20,91218,91022,91219,91025,91221,914],{},[15,91220,2077],{},[15,91222,2094],{},[373,91224,91226],{"id":91225},"range2-6",[15,91227,91228],{},"range(2, 6)",[38,91230,91231],{"className":40,"code":91030,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,91232,91233],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91234,91235,91237,91239,91241,91243,91245,91247,91249,91251,91253],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91236,99],{"class":98},[47,91238,78],{"class":77},[47,91240,8025],{"class":73},[47,91242,78],{"class":77},[47,91244,59926],{"class":98},[47,91246,78],{"class":77},[47,91248,2016],{"class":61},[47,91250,668],{"class":77},[47,91252,37578],{"class":61},[47,91254,2854],{"class":77},[20,91256,129],{},[38,91258,91259],{"className":40,"code":91059,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,91260,91261],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91262,91263,91265,91267,91269,91271,91273,91275,91277,91279],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91264,736],{"class":77},[47,91266,2016],{"class":61},[47,91268,668],{"class":77},[47,91270,676],{"class":61},[47,91272,668],{"class":77},[47,91274,2404],{"class":61},[47,91276,668],{"class":77},[47,91278,4540],{"class":61},[47,91280,679],{"class":77},[20,91282,91022,91283,91025,91285,914],{},[15,91284,2016],{},[15,91286,80518],{},[373,91288,91290],{"id":91289},"range1-10-2",[15,91291,91292],{},"range(1, 10, 2)",[38,91294,91295],{"className":40,"code":91093,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,91296,91297],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91298,91299,91301,91303,91305,91307,91309,91311,91313,91315,91317,91319,91321],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91300,99],{"class":98},[47,91302,78],{"class":77},[47,91304,8025],{"class":73},[47,91306,78],{"class":77},[47,91308,59926],{"class":98},[47,91310,78],{"class":77},[47,91312,665],{"class":61},[47,91314,668],{"class":77},[47,91316,5939],{"class":61},[47,91318,668],{"class":77},[47,91320,671],{"class":61},[47,91322,2854],{"class":77},[20,91324,129],{},[38,91326,91327],{"className":40,"code":91126,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,91328,91329],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91330,91331,91333,91335,91337,91339,91341,91343,91345,91347,91349,91351],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91332,736],{"class":77},[47,91334,665],{"class":61},[47,91336,668],{"class":77},[47,91338,676],{"class":61},[47,91340,668],{"class":77},[47,91342,4540],{"class":61},[47,91344,668],{"class":77},[47,91346,5928],{"class":61},[47,91348,668],{"class":77},[47,91350,54063],{"class":61},[47,91352,679],{"class":77},[20,91354,91355,91356,91358,91359,1081,91361,914],{},"This moves by ",[15,91357,2016],{}," each time, so it gives odd numbers from ",[15,91360,665],{},[15,91362,2102],{},[373,91364,91366],{"id":91365},"using-a-negative-step","Using a negative step",[20,91368,91369,91370,91372],{},"A negative step makes ",[15,91371,36132],{}," count backward.",[38,91374,91376],{"className":40,"code":91375,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(list(range(5, 0, -1)))\n",[15,91377,91378],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91379,91380,91382,91384,91386,91388,91390,91392,91394,91396,91398,91400,91402,91404],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91381,99],{"class":98},[47,91383,78],{"class":77},[47,91385,8025],{"class":73},[47,91387,78],{"class":77},[47,91389,59926],{"class":98},[47,91391,78],{"class":77},[47,91393,2094],{"class":61},[47,91395,668],{"class":77},[47,91397,3769],{"class":61},[47,91399,668],{"class":77},[47,91401,2176],{"class":57},[47,91403,665],{"class":61},[47,91405,2854],{"class":77},[20,91407,129],{},[38,91409,91411],{"className":40,"code":91410,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]\n",[15,91412,91413],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91414,91415,91417,91419,91421,91423,91425,91427,91429,91431,91433,91435],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91416,736],{"class":77},[47,91418,2094],{"class":61},[47,91420,668],{"class":77},[47,91422,2404],{"class":61},[47,91424,668],{"class":77},[47,91426,676],{"class":61},[47,91428,668],{"class":77},[47,91430,671],{"class":61},[47,91432,668],{"class":77},[47,91434,5431],{"class":61},[47,91436,679],{"class":77},[20,91438,91439],{},"This works because the numbers move downward.",[20,91441,91442],{},"If the direction does not match the step, you may get an empty result:",[38,91444,91446],{"className":40,"code":91445,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(list(range(1, 5, -1)))\n",[15,91447,91448],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91449,91450,91452,91454,91456,91458,91460,91462,91464,91466,91468,91470,91472,91474],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91451,99],{"class":98},[47,91453,78],{"class":77},[47,91455,8025],{"class":73},[47,91457,78],{"class":77},[47,91459,59926],{"class":98},[47,91461,78],{"class":77},[47,91463,665],{"class":61},[47,91465,668],{"class":77},[47,91467,4540],{"class":61},[47,91469,668],{"class":77},[47,91471,2176],{"class":57},[47,91473,665],{"class":61},[47,91475,2854],{"class":77},[20,91477,129],{},[38,91479,91480],{"className":40,"code":38232,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,91481,91482],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91483,91484],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91485,38232],{"class":77},[373,91487,91488,76513,91490],{"id":76737},[15,91489,75353],{},[15,91491,2077],{},[20,91493,2782],{},[38,91495,91497],{"className":40,"code":91496,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"range(1, 5, 0)\n",[15,91498,91499],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91500,91501,91503,91505,91507,91509,91511,91513,91515],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91502,59926],{"class":98},[47,91504,78],{"class":77},[47,91506,665],{"class":61},[47,91508,668],{"class":77},[47,91510,4540],{"class":61},[47,91512,668],{"class":77},[47,91514,3769],{"class":61},[47,91516,85],{"class":77},[20,91518,76782,91519,91521],{},[15,91520,40637],{}," because it cannot move by zero.",[33,91523,1335,91525,91527,91528,91530],{"id":91524},"using-range-in-a-for-loop",[15,91526,36132],{}," in a ",[15,91529,5892],{}," loop",[20,91532,91533,91535],{},[15,91534,36132],{}," is most useful when:",[185,91537,91538,91541,91544],{},[188,91539,91540],{},"You want to repeat something a set number of times",[188,91542,91543],{},"You need the current number in each loop",[188,91545,91546,91547],{},"You are using the common pattern ",[15,91548,91549],{},"for i in range(n)",[20,91551,800],{},[38,91553,91555],{"className":40,"code":91554,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"for i in range(3):\n    print(\"Loop number:\", i)\n",[15,91556,91557,91573],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91558,91559,91561,91563,91565,91567,91569,91571],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91560,5892],{"class":3812},[47,91562,69475],{"class":53},[47,91564,3819],{"class":3812},[47,91566,53997],{"class":98},[47,91568,78],{"class":77},[47,91570,2021],{"class":61},[47,91572,8273],{"class":77},[47,91574,91575,91577,91579,91581,91584,91586,91588,91590],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,91576,8000],{"class":98},[47,91578,78],{"class":77},[47,91580,309],{"class":151},[47,91582,91583],{"class":155},"Loop number:",[47,91585,309],{"class":151},[47,91587,668],{"class":77},[47,91589,36063],{"class":81},[47,91591,85],{"class":77},[20,91593,129],{},[38,91595,91597],{"className":40,"code":91596,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Loop number: 0\nLoop number: 1\nLoop number: 2\n",[15,91598,91599,91608,91616],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91600,91601,91604,91606],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91602,91603],{"class":53},"Loop number",[47,91605,2826],{"class":77},[47,91607,38448],{"class":61},[47,91609,91610,91612,91614],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,91611,91603],{"class":53},[47,91613,2826],{"class":77},[47,91615,29549],{"class":61},[47,91617,91618,91620,91622],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,91619,91603],{"class":53},[47,91621,2826],{"class":77},[47,91623,45520],{"class":61},[373,91625,91627],{"id":91626},"repeating-something-a-fixed-number-of-times","Repeating something a fixed number of times",[38,91629,91631],{"className":40,"code":91630,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"for i in range(5):\n    print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,91632,91633,91649],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91634,91635,91637,91639,91641,91643,91645,91647],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91636,5892],{"class":3812},[47,91638,69475],{"class":53},[47,91640,3819],{"class":3812},[47,91642,53997],{"class":98},[47,91644,78],{"class":77},[47,91646,2094],{"class":61},[47,91648,8273],{"class":77},[47,91650,91651,91653,91655,91657,91659,91661],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,91652,8000],{"class":98},[47,91654,78],{"class":77},[47,91656,309],{"class":151},[47,91658,34800],{"class":155},[47,91660,309],{"class":151},[47,91662,85],{"class":77},[20,91664,91665,91666,91668],{},"This prints ",[15,91667,90335],{}," five times.",[373,91670,91672],{"id":91671},"using-the-current-number","Using the current number",[38,91674,91676],{"className":40,"code":91675,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"for i in range(1, 4):\n    print(\"Current number is\", i)\n",[15,91677,91678,91698],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91679,91680,91682,91684,91686,91688,91690,91692,91694,91696],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91681,5892],{"class":3812},[47,91683,69475],{"class":53},[47,91685,3819],{"class":3812},[47,91687,53997],{"class":98},[47,91689,78],{"class":77},[47,91691,665],{"class":61},[47,91693,668],{"class":77},[47,91695,2404],{"class":61},[47,91697,8273],{"class":77},[47,91699,91700,91702,91704,91706,91709,91711,91713,91715],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,91701,8000],{"class":98},[47,91703,78],{"class":77},[47,91705,309],{"class":151},[47,91707,91708],{"class":155},"Current number is",[47,91710,309],{"class":151},[47,91712,668],{"class":77},[47,91714,36063],{"class":81},[47,91716,85],{"class":77},[20,91718,129],{},[38,91720,91722],{"className":40,"code":91721,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Current number is 1\nCurrent number is 2\nCurrent number is 3\n",[15,91723,91724,91733,91741],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91725,91726,91729,91731],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91727,91728],{"class":53},"Current number ",[47,91730,353],{"class":57},[47,91732,29549],{"class":61},[47,91734,91735,91737,91739],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,91736,91728],{"class":53},[47,91738,353],{"class":57},[47,91740,45520],{"class":61},[47,91742,91743,91745,91747],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,91744,91728],{"class":53},[47,91746,353],{"class":57},[47,91748,2524],{"class":61},[373,91750,91752,91754],{"id":91751},"range-and-indexing",[15,91753,36132],{}," and indexing",[20,91756,91757],{},"You may see code like this:",[38,91759,91761],{"className":40,"code":91760,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(items)):\n    print(i, items[i])\n",[15,91762,91763,91795,91799,91819],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91764,91765,91767,91769,91771,91773,91775,91777,91779,91781,91783,91785,91787,91789,91791,91793],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91766,657],{"class":53},[47,91768,58],{"class":57},[47,91770,662],{"class":77},[47,91772,309],{"class":151},[47,91774,360],{"class":155},[47,91776,309],{"class":151},[47,91778,668],{"class":77},[47,91780,303],{"class":151},[47,91782,4696],{"class":155},[47,91784,309],{"class":151},[47,91786,668],{"class":77},[47,91788,303],{"class":151},[47,91790,9671],{"class":155},[47,91792,309],{"class":151},[47,91794,679],{"class":77},[47,91796,91797],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,91798,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,91800,91801,91803,91805,91807,91809,91811,91813,91815,91817],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,91802,5892],{"class":3812},[47,91804,69475],{"class":53},[47,91806,3819],{"class":3812},[47,91808,53997],{"class":98},[47,91810,78],{"class":77},[47,91812,11095],{"class":98},[47,91814,78],{"class":77},[47,91816,692],{"class":81},[47,91818,69490],{"class":77},[47,91820,91821,91823,91825,91827,91829,91831,91833,91835],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,91822,8000],{"class":98},[47,91824,78],{"class":77},[47,91826,36088],{"class":81},[47,91828,668],{"class":77},[47,91830,5900],{"class":81},[47,91832,736],{"class":77},[47,91834,36088],{"class":81},[47,91836,3825],{"class":77},[20,91838,129],{},[38,91840,91841],{"className":40,"code":36100,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,91842,91843,91849,91855],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91844,91845,91847],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91846,2077],{"class":61},[47,91848,36109],{"class":53},[47,91850,91851,91853],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,91852,665],{"class":61},[47,91854,36116],{"class":53},[47,91856,91857,91859],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,91858,2016],{"class":61},[47,91860,36123],{"class":53},[20,91862,91863,91864,91868],{},"This works, and it uses ",[360,91865,91866],{"href":42289},[15,91867,42292],{}," to get the number of items.",[20,91870,91871],{},"But for beginners, direct looping is often simpler:",[38,91873,91875],{"className":40,"code":91874,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor item in items:\n    print(item)\n",[15,91876,91877,91909,91913,91925],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91878,91879,91881,91883,91885,91887,91889,91891,91893,91895,91897,91899,91901,91903,91905,91907],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91880,657],{"class":53},[47,91882,58],{"class":57},[47,91884,662],{"class":77},[47,91886,309],{"class":151},[47,91888,360],{"class":155},[47,91890,309],{"class":151},[47,91892,668],{"class":77},[47,91894,303],{"class":151},[47,91896,4696],{"class":155},[47,91898,309],{"class":151},[47,91900,668],{"class":77},[47,91902,303],{"class":151},[47,91904,9671],{"class":155},[47,91906,309],{"class":151},[47,91908,679],{"class":77},[47,91910,91911],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,91912,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,91914,91915,91917,91919,91921,91923],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,91916,5892],{"class":3812},[47,91918,5895],{"class":53},[47,91920,3819],{"class":3812},[47,91922,5900],{"class":53},[47,91924,6329],{"class":77},[47,91926,91927,91929,91931,91933],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,91928,8000],{"class":98},[47,91930,78],{"class":77},[47,91932,23245],{"class":81},[47,91934,85],{"class":77},[20,91936,36526,91937,91942],{},[360,91938,91940],{"href":91939},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained\u002F",[15,91941,35683],{}," is usually a better choice:",[38,91944,91946],{"className":40,"code":91945,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor index, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(index, item)\n",[15,91947,91948,91980,91984,92004],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91949,91950,91952,91954,91956,91958,91960,91962,91964,91966,91968,91970,91972,91974,91976,91978],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91951,657],{"class":53},[47,91953,58],{"class":57},[47,91955,662],{"class":77},[47,91957,309],{"class":151},[47,91959,360],{"class":155},[47,91961,309],{"class":151},[47,91963,668],{"class":77},[47,91965,303],{"class":151},[47,91967,4696],{"class":155},[47,91969,309],{"class":151},[47,91971,668],{"class":77},[47,91973,303],{"class":151},[47,91975,9671],{"class":155},[47,91977,309],{"class":151},[47,91979,679],{"class":77},[47,91981,91982],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,91983,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,91985,91986,91988,91990,91992,91994,91996,91998,92000,92002],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,91987,5892],{"class":3812},[47,91989,35755],{"class":53},[47,91991,668],{"class":77},[47,91993,5895],{"class":53},[47,91995,3819],{"class":3812},[47,91997,35765],{"class":98},[47,91999,78],{"class":77},[47,92001,692],{"class":81},[47,92003,8273],{"class":77},[47,92005,92006,92008,92010,92012,92014,92016],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,92007,8000],{"class":98},[47,92009,78],{"class":77},[47,92011,35780],{"class":81},[47,92013,668],{"class":77},[47,92015,29441],{"class":81},[47,92017,85],{"class":77},[20,92019,79042,92020,914],{},[360,92021,36539,92022,36542],{"href":36538},[15,92023,35683],{},[33,92025,92027,92028,92030],{"id":92026},"converting-range-to-a-list","Converting ",[15,92029,36132],{}," to a list",[20,92032,92033,92035],{},[15,92034,36132],{}," does not directly show all numbers as a normal list.",[20,92037,92038,92039,2826],{},"To see the values, convert it with ",[15,92040,24716],{},[38,92042,92044],{"className":40,"code":92043,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(list(range(3)))\n",[15,92045,92046],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92047,92048,92050,92052,92054,92056,92058,92060,92062],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92049,99],{"class":98},[47,92051,78],{"class":77},[47,92053,8025],{"class":73},[47,92055,78],{"class":77},[47,92057,59926],{"class":98},[47,92059,78],{"class":77},[47,92061,2021],{"class":61},[47,92063,2854],{"class":77},[20,92065,129],{},[38,92067,92069],{"className":40,"code":92068,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[0, 1, 2]\n",[15,92070,92071],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92072,92073,92075,92077,92079,92081,92083,92085],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92074,736],{"class":77},[47,92076,2077],{"class":61},[47,92078,668],{"class":77},[47,92080,5431],{"class":61},[47,92082,668],{"class":77},[47,92084,671],{"class":61},[47,92086,679],{"class":77},[20,92088,33245],{},[185,92090,92091,92096,92099],{},[188,92092,92093,92094,42019],{},"learning how ",[15,92095,36132],{},[188,92097,92098],{},"checking your values",[188,92100,92101],{},"debugging code",[20,92103,5405],{},[38,92105,92107],{"className":40,"code":92106,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = range(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(list(numbers))\n",[15,92108,92109,92123,92127,92137],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92110,92111,92113,92115,92117,92119,92121],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92112,3554],{"class":53},[47,92114,58],{"class":57},[47,92116,53997],{"class":98},[47,92118,78],{"class":77},[47,92120,2451],{"class":61},[47,92122,85],{"class":77},[47,92124,92125],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,92126,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,92128,92129,92131,92133,92135],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,92130,99],{"class":98},[47,92132,78],{"class":77},[47,92134,3584],{"class":81},[47,92136,85],{"class":77},[47,92138,92139,92141,92143,92145,92147,92149],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,92140,99],{"class":98},[47,92142,78],{"class":77},[47,92144,8025],{"class":73},[47,92146,78],{"class":77},[47,92148,3584],{"class":81},[47,92150,123],{"class":77},[20,92152,129],{},[38,92154,92156],{"className":40,"code":92155,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"range(0, 4)\n[0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,92157,92158,92172],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92159,92160,92162,92164,92166,92168,92170],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92161,59926],{"class":98},[47,92163,78],{"class":77},[47,92165,2077],{"class":61},[47,92167,668],{"class":77},[47,92169,2404],{"class":61},[47,92171,85],{"class":77},[47,92173,92174,92176,92178,92180,92182,92184,92186,92188,92190],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,92175,736],{"class":77},[47,92177,2077],{"class":61},[47,92179,668],{"class":77},[47,92181,5431],{"class":61},[47,92183,668],{"class":77},[47,92185,671],{"class":61},[47,92187,668],{"class":77},[47,92189,676],{"class":61},[47,92191,679],{"class":77},[20,92193,92194,92195,920,92197,92200],{},"If you want to understand this difference more clearly, see Python ",[15,92196,59926],{},[15,92198,92199],{},"list(range)"," explained.",[33,92202,1131],{"id":1130},[20,92204,33474,92205,914],{},[15,92206,36132],{},[373,92208,92210],{"id":92209},"expecting-the-stop-value-to-be-included","Expecting the stop value to be included",[20,92212,92213],{},"Many beginners think this:",[38,92215,92217],{"className":40,"code":92216,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(list(range(1, 5)))\n",[15,92218,92219],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92220,92221,92223,92225,92227,92229,92231,92233,92235,92237,92239],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92222,99],{"class":98},[47,92224,78],{"class":77},[47,92226,8025],{"class":73},[47,92228,78],{"class":77},[47,92230,59926],{"class":98},[47,92232,78],{"class":77},[47,92234,665],{"class":61},[47,92236,668],{"class":77},[47,92238,4540],{"class":61},[47,92240,2854],{"class":77},[20,92242,92243],{},"will produce:",[38,92245,92247],{"className":40,"code":92246,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,92248,92249],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92250,92251,92253,92255,92257,92259,92261,92263,92265,92267,92269,92271],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92252,736],{"class":77},[47,92254,665],{"class":61},[47,92256,668],{"class":77},[47,92258,671],{"class":61},[47,92260,668],{"class":77},[47,92262,676],{"class":61},[47,92264,668],{"class":77},[47,92266,2404],{"class":61},[47,92268,668],{"class":77},[47,92270,4540],{"class":61},[47,92272,679],{"class":77},[20,92274,92275],{},"But the real output is:",[38,92277,92278],{"className":40,"code":53432,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,92279,92280],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92281,92282,92284,92286,92288,92290,92292,92294,92296,92298],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92283,736],{"class":77},[47,92285,665],{"class":61},[47,92287,668],{"class":77},[47,92289,671],{"class":61},[47,92291,668],{"class":77},[47,92293,676],{"class":61},[47,92295,668],{"class":77},[47,92297,2404],{"class":61},[47,92299,679],{"class":77},[20,92301,92302],{},"The stop value is excluded.",[373,92304,4514,92306,92308,92309],{"id":92305},"assuming-range5-starts-at-1",[15,92307,90770],{}," starts at ",[15,92310,665],{},[20,92312,37402,92313,18899,92315,914],{},[15,92314,2077],{},[15,92316,665],{},[38,92318,92319],{"className":40,"code":90963,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,92320,92321],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92322,92323,92325,92327,92329,92331,92333,92335,92337],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92324,99],{"class":98},[47,92326,78],{"class":77},[47,92328,8025],{"class":73},[47,92330,78],{"class":77},[47,92332,59926],{"class":98},[47,92334,78],{"class":77},[47,92336,2094],{"class":61},[47,92338,2854],{"class":77},[20,92340,129],{},[38,92342,92343],{"className":40,"code":59949,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,92344,92345],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92346,92347,92349,92351,92353,92355,92357,92359,92361,92363,92365,92367],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92348,736],{"class":77},[47,92350,2077],{"class":61},[47,92352,668],{"class":77},[47,92354,5431],{"class":61},[47,92356,668],{"class":77},[47,92358,671],{"class":61},[47,92360,668],{"class":77},[47,92362,676],{"class":61},[47,92364,668],{"class":77},[47,92366,2404],{"class":61},[47,92368,679],{"class":77},[373,92370,92372],{"id":92371},"using-a-string-instead-of-an-integer","Using a string instead of an integer",[20,92374,92375,92376,2826],{},"This often happens with ",[15,92377,2900],{},[38,92379,92381],{"className":40,"code":92380,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"user_number = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,92382,92383,92402,92406,92423],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92384,92385,92388,92390,92392,92394,92396,92398,92400],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92386,92387],{"class":53},"user_number ",[47,92389,58],{"class":57},[47,92391,8173],{"class":98},[47,92393,78],{"class":77},[47,92395,309],{"class":151},[47,92397,41805],{"class":155},[47,92399,309],{"class":151},[47,92401,85],{"class":77},[47,92403,92404],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,92405,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,92407,92408,92410,92412,92414,92416,92418,92421],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,92409,5892],{"class":3812},[47,92411,69475],{"class":53},[47,92413,3819],{"class":3812},[47,92415,53997],{"class":98},[47,92417,78],{"class":77},[47,92419,92420],{"class":81},"user_number",[47,92422,8273],{"class":77},[47,92424,92425,92427,92429,92431],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,92426,8000],{"class":98},[47,92428,78],{"class":77},[47,92430,36088],{"class":81},[47,92432,85],{"class":77},[20,92434,48436,92435,92437],{},[15,92436,2900],{}," returns a string.",[20,92439,10740],{},[38,92441,92443],{"className":40,"code":92442,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"user_number = int(input(\"Enter a number: \"))\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,92444,92445,92467,92471,92487],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92446,92447,92449,92451,92453,92455,92457,92459,92461,92463,92465],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92448,92387],{"class":53},[47,92450,58],{"class":57},[47,92452,45207],{"class":73},[47,92454,78],{"class":77},[47,92456,42393],{"class":98},[47,92458,78],{"class":77},[47,92460,309],{"class":151},[47,92462,41805],{"class":155},[47,92464,309],{"class":151},[47,92466,123],{"class":77},[47,92468,92469],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,92470,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,92472,92473,92475,92477,92479,92481,92483,92485],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,92474,5892],{"class":3812},[47,92476,69475],{"class":53},[47,92478,3819],{"class":3812},[47,92480,53997],{"class":98},[47,92482,78],{"class":77},[47,92484,92420],{"class":81},[47,92486,8273],{"class":77},[47,92488,92489,92491,92493,92495],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,92490,8000],{"class":98},[47,92492,78],{"class":77},[47,92494,36088],{"class":81},[47,92496,85],{"class":77},[20,92498,92499,92500,914],{},"If you see an error here, read ",[360,92501,50449,92502],{"href":50448},[15,92503,50452],{},[373,92505,92507,92508,92510,92511],{"id":92506},"using-a-negative-step-with-start-smaller-than-stop","Using a negative step with ",[15,92509,36006],{}," smaller than ",[15,92512,75350],{},[20,92514,92515],{},"This does not count backward correctly:",[38,92517,92518],{"className":40,"code":91445,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,92519,92520],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92521,92522,92524,92526,92528,92530,92532,92534,92536,92538,92540,92542,92544,92546],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92523,99],{"class":98},[47,92525,78],{"class":77},[47,92527,8025],{"class":73},[47,92529,78],{"class":77},[47,92531,59926],{"class":98},[47,92533,78],{"class":77},[47,92535,665],{"class":61},[47,92537,668],{"class":77},[47,92539,4540],{"class":61},[47,92541,668],{"class":77},[47,92543,2176],{"class":57},[47,92545,665],{"class":61},[47,92547,2854],{"class":77},[20,92549,129],{},[38,92551,92552],{"className":40,"code":38232,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,92553,92554],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92555,92556],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92557,38232],{"class":77},[20,92559,92560],{},"If the step is negative, the start usually needs to be larger than the stop.",[373,92562,25551,92564],{"id":92563},"trying-to-use-step-0",[15,92565,92566],{},"step = 0",[20,92568,77493],{},[38,92570,92572],{"className":40,"code":92571,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"range(1, 10, 0)\n",[15,92573,92574],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92575,92576,92578,92580,92582,92584,92586,92588,92590],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92577,59926],{"class":98},[47,92579,78],{"class":77},[47,92581,665],{"class":61},[47,92583,668],{"class":77},[47,92585,5939],{"class":61},[47,92587,668],{"class":77},[47,92589,3769],{"class":61},[47,92591,85],{"class":77},[20,92593,92594],{},"Python raises an error because the sequence cannot move.",[373,92596,4639,92598,92600],{"id":92597},"forgetting-that-range-is-not-a-list",[15,92599,36132],{}," is not a list",[20,92602,92603],{},"This can confuse beginners when printing values:",[38,92605,92607],{"className":40,"code":92606,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(range(5))\n",[15,92608,92609],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92610,92611,92613,92615,92617,92619,92621],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92612,99],{"class":98},[47,92614,78],{"class":77},[47,92616,59926],{"class":98},[47,92618,78],{"class":77},[47,92620,2094],{"class":61},[47,92622,123],{"class":77},[20,92624,129],{},[38,92626,92628],{"className":40,"code":92627,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"range(0, 5)\n",[15,92629,92630],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92631,92632,92634,92636,92638,92640,92642],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92633,59926],{"class":98},[47,92635,78],{"class":77},[47,92637,2077],{"class":61},[47,92639,668],{"class":77},[47,92641,4540],{"class":61},[47,92643,85],{"class":77},[20,92645,92646],{},"To see the numbers, use:",[38,92648,92649],{"className":40,"code":90963,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,92650,92651],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92652,92653,92655,92657,92659,92661,92663,92665,92667],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92654,99],{"class":98},[47,92656,78],{"class":77},[47,92658,8025],{"class":73},[47,92660,78],{"class":77},[47,92662,59926],{"class":98},[47,92664,78],{"class":77},[47,92666,2094],{"class":61},[47,92668,2854],{"class":77},[20,92670,129],{},[38,92672,92673],{"className":40,"code":59949,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,92674,92675],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92676,92677,92679,92681,92683,92685,92687,92689,92691,92693,92695,92697],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92678,736],{"class":77},[47,92680,2077],{"class":61},[47,92682,668],{"class":77},[47,92684,5431],{"class":61},[47,92686,668],{"class":77},[47,92688,671],{"class":61},[47,92690,668],{"class":77},[47,92692,676],{"class":61},[47,92694,668],{"class":77},[47,92696,2404],{"class":61},[47,92698,679],{"class":77},[33,92700,92702],{"id":92701},"useful-checks-while-debugging","Useful checks while debugging",[20,92704,8807,92705,82264],{},[15,92706,36132],{},[38,92708,92710],{"className":40,"code":92709,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(list(range(2, 8)))\nprint(list(range(10, 0, -2)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\n",[15,92711,92712,92726,92744,92766,92794],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92713,92714,92716,92718,92720,92722,92724],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92715,99],{"class":98},[47,92717,78],{"class":77},[47,92719,59926],{"class":98},[47,92721,78],{"class":77},[47,92723,2094],{"class":61},[47,92725,123],{"class":77},[47,92727,92728,92730,92732,92734,92736,92738,92740,92742],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,92729,99],{"class":98},[47,92731,78],{"class":77},[47,92733,8025],{"class":73},[47,92735,78],{"class":77},[47,92737,59926],{"class":98},[47,92739,78],{"class":77},[47,92741,2094],{"class":61},[47,92743,2854],{"class":77},[47,92745,92746,92748,92750,92752,92754,92756,92758,92760,92762,92764],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,92747,99],{"class":98},[47,92749,78],{"class":77},[47,92751,8025],{"class":73},[47,92753,78],{"class":77},[47,92755,59926],{"class":98},[47,92757,78],{"class":77},[47,92759,2016],{"class":61},[47,92761,668],{"class":77},[47,92763,6295],{"class":61},[47,92765,2854],{"class":77},[47,92767,92768,92770,92772,92774,92776,92778,92780,92782,92784,92786,92788,92790,92792],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,92769,99],{"class":98},[47,92771,78],{"class":77},[47,92773,8025],{"class":73},[47,92775,78],{"class":77},[47,92777,59926],{"class":98},[47,92779,78],{"class":77},[47,92781,193],{"class":61},[47,92783,668],{"class":77},[47,92785,3769],{"class":61},[47,92787,668],{"class":77},[47,92789,2176],{"class":57},[47,92791,2016],{"class":61},[47,92793,2854],{"class":77},[47,92795,92796,92798,92800,92802,92804,92806,92808,92810],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,92797,99],{"class":98},[47,92799,78],{"class":77},[47,92801,116],{"class":73},[47,92803,78],{"class":77},[47,92805,59926],{"class":98},[47,92807,78],{"class":77},[47,92809,2094],{"class":61},[47,92811,2854],{"class":77},[20,92813,25941],{},[185,92815,92816,92819,92822],{},[188,92817,92818],{},"what values are being created",[188,92820,92821],{},"whether the direction is correct",[188,92823,92824,92825,24552],{},"whether you are working with a ",[15,92826,59926],{},[33,92828,1762],{"id":1761},[373,92830,1776,92832,92834],{"id":92831},"does-range-include-the-last-number",[15,92833,36132],{}," include the last number?",[20,92836,92837],{},"No. The stop value is excluded.",[373,92839,5090,92841,92843,92844,1812],{"id":92840},"why-does-range5-start-at-0",[15,92842,90770],{}," start at ",[15,92845,2077],{},[20,92847,92848,92849,914],{},"When only one argument is given, Python uses it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,92850,2077],{},[373,92852,1786,92854,92856],{"id":92853},"can-range-count-backward",[15,92855,36132],{}," count backward?",[20,92858,92859,92860,914],{},"Yes. Use a negative step, such as ",[15,92861,92862],{},"range(5, 0, -1)",[373,92864,1806,92866,25976],{"id":92865},"is-range-a-list",[15,92867,36132],{},[20,92869,25979,92870,92872,92873,23873],{},[15,92871,59926],{}," object. Use ",[15,92874,92875],{},"list(range(...))",[373,92877,5090,92879,48610],{"id":92878},"why-does-rangeinput-fail",[15,92880,92881],{},"range(input())",[20,92883,92884,3422,92886,914],{},[15,92885,2900],{},[15,92887,92888],{},"int(input())",[33,92890,1825],{"id":1824},[185,92892,92893,92897,92903,92909,92915],{},[188,92894,92895],{},[360,92896,35962],{"href":35961},[188,92898,92899],{},[360,92900,13,92901,1834],{"href":42289},[15,92902,42292],{},[188,92904,92905],{},[360,92906,13,92907,1834],{"href":91939},[15,92908,35683],{},[188,92910,92911],{},[360,92912,37453,92913,36542],{"href":36538},[15,92914,35683],{},[188,92916,92917],{},[360,92918,50449,92919],{"href":50448},[15,92920,50452],{},[1875,92922,92923],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":65,"depth":65,"links":92925},[92926,92927,92929,92935,92943,92950,92952,92964,92965,92977],{"id":35,"depth":65,"text":36},{"id":90779,"depth":65,"text":92928},"What range() does",{"id":90872,"depth":65,"text":92930,"children":92931},"range() syntax",[92932,92933,92934],{"id":90952,"depth":88,"text":90955},{"id":91016,"depth":88,"text":91019},{"id":91084,"depth":88,"text":91087},{"id":91155,"depth":65,"text":91156,"children":92936},[92937,92938,92939,92940,92941],{"id":91162,"depth":88,"text":90770},{"id":91225,"depth":88,"text":91228},{"id":91289,"depth":88,"text":91292},{"id":91365,"depth":88,"text":91366},{"id":76737,"depth":88,"text":92942},"step cannot be 0",{"id":91524,"depth":65,"text":92944,"children":92945},"Using range() in a for loop",[92946,92947,92948],{"id":91626,"depth":88,"text":91627},{"id":91671,"depth":88,"text":91672},{"id":91751,"depth":88,"text":92949},"range() and indexing",{"id":92026,"depth":65,"text":92951},"Converting range() to a list",{"id":1130,"depth":65,"text":1131,"children":92953},[92954,92955,92957,92958,92960,92962],{"id":92209,"depth":88,"text":92210},{"id":92305,"depth":88,"text":92956},"Assuming range(5) starts at 1",{"id":92371,"depth":88,"text":92372},{"id":92506,"depth":88,"text":92959},"Using a negative step with start smaller than stop",{"id":92563,"depth":88,"text":92961},"Trying to use step = 0",{"id":92597,"depth":88,"text":92963},"Forgetting that range() is not a list",{"id":92701,"depth":65,"text":92702},{"id":1761,"depth":65,"text":1762,"children":92966},[92967,92969,92971,92973,92975],{"id":92831,"depth":88,"text":92968},"Does range() include the last number?",{"id":92840,"depth":88,"text":92970},"Why does range(5) start at 0?",{"id":92853,"depth":88,"text":92972},"Can range() count backward?",{"id":92865,"depth":88,"text":92974},"Is range() a list?",{"id":92878,"depth":88,"text":92976},"Why does range(input()) fail?",{"id":1824,"depth":65,"text":1825},"Master python range function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained",{"title":90673,"description":92978},"reference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained","WM74kaur77O7To2YFL58_24yQPMusxcx03D4i7kex70",{"id":92985,"title":92986,"body":92987,"description":94659,"extension":1922,"meta":94660,"navigation":91,"path":94661,"seo":94662,"stem":94663,"__hash__":94664},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained.md","Python range() vs list(range()) Explained",{"type":7,"value":92988,"toc":94632},[92989,92998,93005,93022,93038,93040,93089,93097,93101,93104,93124,93126,93190,93192,93235,93238,93284,93286,93319,93329,93335,93343,93360,93362,93393,93395,93420,93425,93436,93439,93509,93511,93542,93547,93552,93569,93571,93622,93624,93657,93660,93667,93672,93676,93692,93694,93738,93740,93786,93789,93802,93807,93811,93825,93827,93878,93880,93913,93918,93920,93927,93929,93952,93954,94019,94021,94038,94041,94074,94076,94104,94114,94121,94125,94128,94146,94149,94177,94180,94198,94203,94209,94212,94234,94236,94264,94266,94269,94294,94297,94410,94412,94491,94493,94499,94504,94511,94519,94523,94526,94528,94561,94563,94571,94577,94584,94591,94594,94596,94629],[10,92990,13,92992,920,92994,92997],{"id":92991},"python-range-vs-listrange-explained",[15,92993,36132],{},[15,92995,92996],{},"list(range())"," Explained",[20,92999,93000,4329,93002,93004],{},[15,93001,36132],{},[15,93003,92996],{}," can represent the same numbers, but they are not the same thing.",[185,93006,93007,93015],{},[188,93008,93009,93011,93012],{},[15,93010,36132],{}," creates a ",[127,93013,93014],{},"range object",[188,93016,93017,93011,93019],{},[15,93018,92996],{},[127,93020,93021],{},"real list",[20,93023,93024,93025,93027,93028,93031,93032,93034,93035,93037],{},"This matters because beginners often expect ",[15,93026,90770],{}," to behave exactly like ",[15,93029,93030],{},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]",". It does not. In most cases, you should use ",[15,93033,36132],{}," for looping, and only use ",[15,93036,92996],{}," when you actually need a list.",[33,93039,3544],{"id":3543},[38,93041,93043],{"className":40,"code":93042,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = range(5)\nprint(numbers)          # range(0, 5)\nprint(list(numbers))    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,93044,93045,93059,93072],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,93046,93047,93049,93051,93053,93055,93057],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,93048,3554],{"class":53},[47,93050,58],{"class":57},[47,93052,53997],{"class":98},[47,93054,78],{"class":77},[47,93056,2094],{"class":61},[47,93058,85],{"class":77},[47,93060,93061,93063,93065,93067,93069],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,93062,99],{"class":98},[47,93064,78],{"class":77},[47,93066,3584],{"class":81},[47,93068,862],{"class":77},[47,93070,93071],{"class":1378},"          # range(0, 5)\n",[47,93073,93074,93076,93078,93080,93082,93084,93086],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,93075,99],{"class":98},[47,93077,78],{"class":77},[47,93079,8025],{"class":73},[47,93081,78],{"class":77},[47,93083,3584],{"class":81},[47,93085,5294],{"class":77},[47,93087,93088],{"class":1378},"    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,93090,165,93091,93093,93094,93096],{},[15,93092,36132],{}," for looping. Use ",[15,93095,92996],{}," when you need an actual list value.",[33,93098,93100],{"id":93099},"what-is-the-difference","What is the difference?",[20,93102,93103],{},"The main difference is what each one returns.",[185,93105,93106,93113,93118,93121],{},[188,93107,93108,1509,93110,93112],{},[15,93109,36132],{},[127,93111,93014],{},", not a list",[188,93114,93115,93117],{},[15,93116,92996],{}," converts that range object into a list",[188,93119,93120],{},"Both can represent the same sequence of numbers",[188,93122,93123],{},"They are used differently in real programs",[20,93125,800],{},[38,93127,93129],{"className":40,"code":93128,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"r = range(5)\nlst = list(range(5))\n\nprint(r)\nprint(lst)\n",[15,93130,93131,93146,93165,93169,93179],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,93132,93133,93136,93138,93140,93142,93144],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,93134,93135],{"class":53},"r ",[47,93137,58],{"class":57},[47,93139,53997],{"class":98},[47,93141,78],{"class":77},[47,93143,2094],{"class":61},[47,93145,85],{"class":77},[47,93147,93148,93151,93153,93155,93157,93159,93161,93163],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,93149,93150],{"class":53},"lst ",[47,93152,58],{"class":57},[47,93154,22494],{"class":73},[47,93156,78],{"class":77},[47,93158,59926],{"class":98},[47,93160,78],{"class":77},[47,93162,2094],{"class":61},[47,93164,123],{"class":77},[47,93166,93167],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,93168,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,93170,93171,93173,93175,93177],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,93172,99],{"class":98},[47,93174,78],{"class":77},[47,93176,60433],{"class":81},[47,93178,85],{"class":77},[47,93180,93181,93183,93185,93188],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,93182,99],{"class":98},[47,93184,78],{"class":77},[47,93186,93187],{"class":81},"lst",[47,93189,85],{"class":77},[20,93191,129],{},[38,93193,93195],{"className":40,"code":93194,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,93196,93197,93211],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,93198,93199,93201,93203,93205,93207,93209],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,93200,59926],{"class":98},[47,93202,78],{"class":77},[47,93204,2077],{"class":61},[47,93206,668],{"class":77},[47,93208,4540],{"class":61},[47,93210,85],{"class":77},[47,93212,93213,93215,93217,93219,93221,93223,93225,93227,93229,93231,93233],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,93214,736],{"class":77},[47,93216,2077],{"class":61},[47,93218,668],{"class":77},[47,93220,5431],{"class":61},[47,93222,668],{"class":77},[47,93224,671],{"class":61},[47,93226,668],{"class":77},[47,93228,676],{"class":61},[47,93230,668],{"class":77},[47,93232,2404],{"class":61},[47,93234,679],{"class":77},[20,93236,93237],{},"Even though they represent the same values, their types are different:",[38,93239,93241],{"className":40,"code":93240,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\n",[15,93242,93243,93261],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,93244,93245,93247,93249,93251,93253,93255,93257,93259],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,93246,99],{"class":98},[47,93248,78],{"class":77},[47,93250,116],{"class":73},[47,93252,78],{"class":77},[47,93254,59926],{"class":98},[47,93256,78],{"class":77},[47,93258,2094],{"class":61},[47,93260,2854],{"class":77},[47,93262,93263,93265,93267,93269,93271,93273,93275,93277,93279,93281],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,93264,99],{"class":98},[47,93266,78],{"class":77},[47,93268,116],{"class":73},[47,93270,78],{"class":77},[47,93272,8025],{"class":73},[47,93274,78],{"class":77},[47,93276,59926],{"class":98},[47,93278,78],{"class":77},[47,93280,2094],{"class":61},[47,93282,93283],{"class":77},"))))\n",[20,93285,129],{},[38,93287,93289],{"className":40,"code":93288,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,93290,93291,93305],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,93292,93293,93295,93297,93299,93301,93303],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,93294,144],{"class":57},[47,93296,148],{"class":147},[47,93298,152],{"class":151},[47,93300,59926],{"class":155},[47,93302,159],{"class":151},[47,93304,162],{"class":57},[47,93306,93307,93309,93311,93313,93315,93317],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,93308,144],{"class":57},[47,93310,148],{"class":147},[47,93312,152],{"class":151},[47,93314,8025],{"class":155},[47,93316,159],{"class":151},[47,93318,162],{"class":57},[20,93320,93321,93322,93324,93325,914],{},"If you want to learn more about how ",[15,93323,36132],{}," works, see ",[360,93326,13,93327,1834],{"href":92980},[15,93328,36132],{},[33,93330,172,93332,93334],{"id":93331},"what-range-gives-you",[15,93333,36132],{}," gives you",[20,93336,93337,93339,93340,93342],{},[15,93338,36132],{}," is most often used in ",[15,93341,5892],{}," loops.",[185,93344,93345,93348,93351,93354],{},[188,93346,93347],{},"It is commonly used in loops",[188,93349,93350],{},"It represents numbers without storing them all as a list",[188,93352,93353],{},"It is memory efficient for large sequences",[188,93355,93356,93357],{},"Printing it directly shows ",[15,93358,93359],{},"range(start, stop[, step])",[20,93361,800],{},[38,93363,93365],{"className":40,"code":93364,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n",[15,93366,93367,93383],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,93368,93369,93371,93373,93375,93377,93379,93381],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,93370,5892],{"class":3812},[47,93372,69475],{"class":53},[47,93374,3819],{"class":3812},[47,93376,53997],{"class":98},[47,93378,78],{"class":77},[47,93380,2094],{"class":61},[47,93382,8273],{"class":77},[47,93384,93385,93387,93389,93391],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,93386,8000],{"class":98},[47,93388,78],{"class":77},[47,93390,36088],{"class":81},[47,93392,85],{"class":77},[20,93394,129],{},[38,93396,93398],{"className":40,"code":93397,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"0\n1\n2\n3\n4\n",[15,93399,93400,93404,93408,93412,93416],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,93401,93402],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,93403,47179],{"class":61},[47,93405,93406],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,93407,46844],{"class":61},[47,93409,93410],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,93411,16992],{"class":61},[47,93413,93414],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,93415,46544],{"class":61},[47,93417,93418],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,93419,48576],{"class":61},[20,93421,267,93422,93424],{},[15,93423,90770],{}," works perfectly in a loop. You do not need to convert it to a list first.",[20,93426,93427,93428,93430,93431,914],{},"This is one reason ",[15,93429,36132],{}," is so common with ",[360,93432,13,93434,90801],{"href":93433},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained",[15,93435,5892],{},[20,93437,93438],{},"You can also inspect it:",[38,93440,93442],{"className":40,"code":93441,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"r = range(2, 10, 2)\n\nprint(r)\nprint(len(r))\nprint(6 in r)\n",[15,93443,93444,93466,93470,93480,93494],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,93445,93446,93448,93450,93452,93454,93456,93458,93460,93462,93464],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,93447,93135],{"class":53},[47,93449,58],{"class":57},[47,93451,53997],{"class":98},[47,93453,78],{"class":77},[47,93455,2016],{"class":61},[47,93457,668],{"class":77},[47,93459,5939],{"class":61},[47,93461,668],{"class":77},[47,93463,671],{"class":61},[47,93465,85],{"class":77},[47,93467,93468],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,93469,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,93471,93472,93474,93476,93478],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,93473,99],{"class":98},[47,93475,78],{"class":77},[47,93477,60433],{"class":81},[47,93479,85],{"class":77},[47,93481,93482,93484,93486,93488,93490,93492],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,93483,99],{"class":98},[47,93485,78],{"class":77},[47,93487,11095],{"class":98},[47,93489,78],{"class":77},[47,93491,60433],{"class":81},[47,93493,123],{"class":77},[47,93495,93496,93498,93500,93502,93504,93507],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,93497,99],{"class":98},[47,93499,78],{"class":77},[47,93501,80518],{"class":61},[47,93503,21109],{"class":3812},[47,93505,93506],{"class":81}," r",[47,93508,85],{"class":77},[20,93510,129],{},[38,93512,93514],{"className":40,"code":93513,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"range(2, 10, 2)\n4\nTrue\n",[15,93515,93516,93534,93538],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,93517,93518,93520,93522,93524,93526,93528,93530,93532],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,93519,59926],{"class":98},[47,93521,78],{"class":77},[47,93523,2016],{"class":61},[47,93525,668],{"class":77},[47,93527,5939],{"class":61},[47,93529,668],{"class":77},[47,93531,671],{"class":61},[47,93533,85],{"class":77},[47,93535,93536],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,93537,48576],{"class":61},[47,93539,93540],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,93541,629],{"class":571},[33,93543,172,93545,93334],{"id":93544},"what-listrange-gives-you",[15,93546,92996],{},[20,93548,93549,93551],{},[15,93550,92996],{}," creates a full list in memory.",[185,93553,93554,93557,93560,93563],{},[188,93555,93556],{},"It creates all values at once",[188,93558,93559],{},"Printing it shows the actual numbers",[188,93561,93562],{},"It is useful when you need list behavior",[188,93564,93565,93566,93568],{},"It is less efficient than plain ",[15,93567,36132],{}," for very large sequences",[20,93570,800],{},[38,93572,93574],{"className":40,"code":93573,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = list(range(5))\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,93575,93576,93594,93598,93608],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,93577,93578,93580,93582,93584,93586,93588,93590,93592],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,93579,3554],{"class":53},[47,93581,58],{"class":57},[47,93583,22494],{"class":73},[47,93585,78],{"class":77},[47,93587,59926],{"class":98},[47,93589,78],{"class":77},[47,93591,2094],{"class":61},[47,93593,123],{"class":77},[47,93595,93596],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,93597,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,93599,93600,93602,93604,93606],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,93601,99],{"class":98},[47,93603,78],{"class":77},[47,93605,3584],{"class":81},[47,93607,85],{"class":77},[47,93609,93610,93612,93614,93616,93618,93620],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,93611,99],{"class":98},[47,93613,78],{"class":77},[47,93615,3584],{"class":81},[47,93617,736],{"class":77},[47,93619,2016],{"class":61},[47,93621,3825],{"class":77},[20,93623,129],{},[38,93625,93627],{"className":40,"code":93626,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n2\n",[15,93628,93629,93653],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,93630,93631,93633,93635,93637,93639,93641,93643,93645,93647,93649,93651],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,93632,736],{"class":77},[47,93634,2077],{"class":61},[47,93636,668],{"class":77},[47,93638,5431],{"class":61},[47,93640,668],{"class":77},[47,93642,671],{"class":61},[47,93644,668],{"class":77},[47,93646,676],{"class":61},[47,93648,668],{"class":77},[47,93650,2404],{"class":61},[47,93652,679],{"class":77},[47,93654,93655],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,93656,16992],{"class":61},[20,93658,93659],{},"This is helpful when you want clear output or when another part of your program expects a list.",[20,93661,93662,93663,914],{},"If you want to understand the conversion step itself, see ",[360,93664,13,93665,1834],{"href":64774},[15,93666,24716],{},[33,93668,773,93670],{"id":93669},"when-to-use-range",[15,93671,36132],{},[20,93673,165,93674,10533],{},[15,93675,36132],{},[185,93677,93678,93683,93686,93689],{},[188,93679,93680,93681,91530],{},"You are writing a ",[15,93682,5892],{},[188,93684,93685],{},"You only need to iterate over numbers",[188,93687,93688],{},"You are working with large sequences",[188,93690,93691],{},"You do not need a real list",[20,93693,800],{},[38,93695,93697],{"className":40,"code":93696,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"for i in range(1, 6):\n    print(\"Count:\", i)\n",[15,93698,93699,93719],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,93700,93701,93703,93705,93707,93709,93711,93713,93715,93717],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,93702,5892],{"class":3812},[47,93704,69475],{"class":53},[47,93706,3819],{"class":3812},[47,93708,53997],{"class":98},[47,93710,78],{"class":77},[47,93712,665],{"class":61},[47,93714,668],{"class":77},[47,93716,37578],{"class":61},[47,93718,8273],{"class":77},[47,93720,93721,93723,93725,93727,93730,93732,93734,93736],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,93722,8000],{"class":98},[47,93724,78],{"class":77},[47,93726,309],{"class":151},[47,93728,93729],{"class":155},"Count:",[47,93731,309],{"class":151},[47,93733,668],{"class":77},[47,93735,36063],{"class":81},[47,93737,85],{"class":77},[20,93739,129],{},[38,93741,93743],{"className":40,"code":93742,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Count: 1\nCount: 2\nCount: 3\nCount: 4\nCount: 5\n",[15,93744,93745,93754,93762,93770,93778],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,93746,93747,93750,93752],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,93748,93749],{"class":53},"Count",[47,93751,2826],{"class":77},[47,93753,29549],{"class":61},[47,93755,93756,93758,93760],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,93757,93749],{"class":53},[47,93759,2826],{"class":77},[47,93761,45520],{"class":61},[47,93763,93764,93766,93768],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,93765,93749],{"class":53},[47,93767,2826],{"class":77},[47,93769,2524],{"class":61},[47,93771,93772,93774,93776],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,93773,93749],{"class":53},[47,93775,2826],{"class":77},[47,93777,23598],{"class":61},[47,93779,93780,93782,93784],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,93781,93749],{"class":53},[47,93783,2826],{"class":77},[47,93785,34775],{"class":61},[20,93787,93788],{},"This is the most common use.",[20,93790,93791,93792,93794,93795,62215,93797,914],{},"If you need both the index and the value while looping through another sequence, ",[15,93793,35683],{}," is often a better choice than ",[15,93796,36532],{},[360,93798,36539,93800,36542],{"href":93799},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python",[15,93801,35683],{},[33,93803,773,93805],{"id":93804},"when-to-use-listrange",[15,93806,92996],{},[20,93808,165,93809,10533],{},[15,93810,92996],{},[185,93812,93813,93816,93819,93822],{},[188,93814,93815],{},"You need to see all values clearly",[188,93817,93818],{},"Another part of your code expects a list",[188,93820,93821],{},"You want to modify the result as a list",[188,93823,93824],{},"You are learning and list output is easier to understand",[20,93826,800],{},[38,93828,93830],{"className":40,"code":93829,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = list(range(5))\nnumbers.append(5)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,93831,93832,93850,93864,93868],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,93833,93834,93836,93838,93840,93842,93844,93846,93848],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,93835,3554],{"class":53},[47,93837,58],{"class":57},[47,93839,22494],{"class":73},[47,93841,78],{"class":77},[47,93843,59926],{"class":98},[47,93845,78],{"class":77},[47,93847,2094],{"class":61},[47,93849,123],{"class":77},[47,93851,93852,93854,93856,93858,93860,93862],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,93853,3584],{"class":53},[47,93855,914],{"class":77},[47,93857,13488],{"class":81},[47,93859,78],{"class":77},[47,93861,2094],{"class":61},[47,93863,85],{"class":77},[47,93865,93866],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,93867,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,93869,93870,93872,93874,93876],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,93871,99],{"class":98},[47,93873,78],{"class":77},[47,93875,3584],{"class":81},[47,93877,85],{"class":77},[20,93879,129],{},[38,93881,93883],{"className":40,"code":93882,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,93884,93885],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,93886,93887,93889,93891,93893,93895,93897,93899,93901,93903,93905,93907,93909,93911],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,93888,736],{"class":77},[47,93890,2077],{"class":61},[47,93892,668],{"class":77},[47,93894,5431],{"class":61},[47,93896,668],{"class":77},[47,93898,671],{"class":61},[47,93900,668],{"class":77},[47,93902,676],{"class":61},[47,93904,668],{"class":77},[47,93906,2404],{"class":61},[47,93908,668],{"class":77},[47,93910,4540],{"class":61},[47,93912,679],{"class":77},[20,93914,5995,93915,93917],{},[15,93916,3584],{}," is a list.",[33,93919,15531],{"id":15530},[20,93921,93922,93924,93925,914],{},[15,93923,36132],{}," can be used like a sequence, but it is still ",[127,93926,37532],{},[20,93928,183],{},[185,93930,93931,93933,93938,93943,93946],{},[188,93932,21919],{},[188,93934,93935,93936],{},"You can check its length with ",[15,93937,42292],{},[188,93939,93940,93941],{},"You can test membership with ",[15,93942,3819],{},[188,93944,93945],{},"You can index it",[188,93947,93948,93949,93951],{},"But list methods such as ",[15,93950,52579],{}," do not work on it",[20,93953,800],{},[38,93955,93957],{"className":40,"code":93956,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"r = range(5)\n\nprint(r[2])\nprint(len(r))\nprint(3 in r)\n",[15,93958,93959,93973,93977,93991,94005],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,93960,93961,93963,93965,93967,93969,93971],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,93962,93135],{"class":53},[47,93964,58],{"class":57},[47,93966,53997],{"class":98},[47,93968,78],{"class":77},[47,93970,2094],{"class":61},[47,93972,85],{"class":77},[47,93974,93975],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,93976,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,93978,93979,93981,93983,93985,93987,93989],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,93980,99],{"class":98},[47,93982,78],{"class":77},[47,93984,60433],{"class":81},[47,93986,736],{"class":77},[47,93988,2016],{"class":61},[47,93990,3825],{"class":77},[47,93992,93993,93995,93997,93999,94001,94003],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,93994,99],{"class":98},[47,93996,78],{"class":77},[47,93998,11095],{"class":98},[47,94000,78],{"class":77},[47,94002,60433],{"class":81},[47,94004,123],{"class":77},[47,94006,94007,94009,94011,94013,94015,94017],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,94008,99],{"class":98},[47,94010,78],{"class":77},[47,94012,2021],{"class":61},[47,94014,21109],{"class":3812},[47,94016,93506],{"class":81},[47,94018,85],{"class":77},[20,94020,129],{},[38,94022,94024],{"className":40,"code":94023,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"2\n5\nTrue\n",[15,94025,94026,94030,94034],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94027,94028],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94029,16992],{"class":61},[47,94031,94032],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,94033,2889],{"class":61},[47,94035,94036],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,94037,629],{"class":571},[20,94039,94040],{},"Now compare that with this:",[38,94042,94044],{"className":40,"code":94043,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"r = range(5)\nr.append(5)\n",[15,94045,94046,94060],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94047,94048,94050,94052,94054,94056,94058],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94049,93135],{"class":53},[47,94051,58],{"class":57},[47,94053,53997],{"class":98},[47,94055,78],{"class":77},[47,94057,2094],{"class":61},[47,94059,85],{"class":77},[47,94061,94062,94064,94066,94068,94070,94072],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,94063,60433],{"class":53},[47,94065,914],{"class":77},[47,94067,13488],{"class":81},[47,94069,78],{"class":77},[47,94071,2094],{"class":61},[47,94073,85],{"class":77},[20,94075,129],{},[38,94077,94079],{"className":40,"code":94078,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"AttributeError: 'range' object has no attribute 'append'\n",[15,94080,94081],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94082,94083,94085,94087,94089,94091,94093,94095,94098,94100,94102],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94084,25606],{"class":73},[47,94086,2826],{"class":77},[47,94088,152],{"class":151},[47,94090,59926],{"class":155},[47,94092,159],{"class":151},[47,94094,24552],{"class":73},[47,94096,94097],{"class":53}," has no attribute ",[47,94099,159],{"class":151},[47,94101,13488],{"class":155},[47,94103,29634],{"class":151},[20,94105,94106,94107,1752,94109,2148,94111,94113],{},"If you need methods like ",[15,94108,52579],{},[15,94110,55456],{},[15,94112,64239],{},", convert the range to a list first.",[20,94115,94116,94117,914],{},"If you run into this kind of problem, see ",[360,94118,1652,94119],{"href":35353},[15,94120,34189],{},[33,94122,94124],{"id":94123},"common-confusion","Common confusion",[20,94126,94127],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting this:",[38,94129,94130],{"className":40,"code":92606,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,94131,94132],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94133,94134,94136,94138,94140,94142,94144],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94135,99],{"class":98},[47,94137,78],{"class":77},[47,94139,59926],{"class":98},[47,94141,78],{"class":77},[47,94143,2094],{"class":61},[47,94145,123],{"class":77},[20,94147,94148],{},"to show:",[38,94150,94151],{"className":40,"code":59949,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,94152,94153],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94154,94155,94157,94159,94161,94163,94165,94167,94169,94171,94173,94175],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94156,736],{"class":77},[47,94158,2077],{"class":61},[47,94160,668],{"class":77},[47,94162,5431],{"class":61},[47,94164,668],{"class":77},[47,94166,671],{"class":61},[47,94168,668],{"class":77},[47,94170,676],{"class":61},[47,94172,668],{"class":77},[47,94174,2404],{"class":61},[47,94176,679],{"class":77},[20,94178,94179],{},"But in Python 3, it shows:",[38,94181,94182],{"className":40,"code":92627,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,94183,94184],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94185,94186,94188,94190,94192,94194,94196],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94187,59926],{"class":98},[47,94189,78],{"class":77},[47,94191,2077],{"class":61},[47,94193,668],{"class":77},[47,94195,4540],{"class":61},[47,94197,85],{"class":77},[20,94199,4563,94200,94202],{},[127,94201,768],{}," mean the code is wrong.",[20,94204,94205,94206,94208],{},"It only means Python is showing the ",[127,94207,93014],{},", not converting it to a list for display.",[20,94210,94211],{},"If you want list-style output, do this:",[38,94213,94214],{"className":40,"code":90963,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,94215,94216],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94217,94218,94220,94222,94224,94226,94228,94230,94232],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94219,99],{"class":98},[47,94221,78],{"class":77},[47,94223,8025],{"class":73},[47,94225,78],{"class":77},[47,94227,59926],{"class":98},[47,94229,78],{"class":77},[47,94231,2094],{"class":61},[47,94233,2854],{"class":77},[20,94235,129],{},[38,94237,94238],{"className":40,"code":59949,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,94239,94240],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94241,94242,94244,94246,94248,94250,94252,94254,94256,94258,94260,94262],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94243,736],{"class":77},[47,94245,2077],{"class":61},[47,94247,668],{"class":77},[47,94249,5431],{"class":61},[47,94251,668],{"class":77},[47,94253,671],{"class":61},[47,94255,668],{"class":77},[47,94257,676],{"class":61},[47,94259,668],{"class":77},[47,94261,2404],{"class":61},[47,94263,679],{"class":77},[33,94265,2775],{"id":2774},[20,94267,94268],{},"These are the most common causes of confusion:",[185,94270,94271,94277,94280,94286],{},[188,94272,1335,94273,94276],{},[15,94274,94275],{},"print(range(5))"," and expecting a list",[188,94278,94279],{},"Trying to call list methods on a range object",[188,94281,94282,94283,94285],{},"Not realizing that ",[15,94284,36132],{}," is iterable but not a list",[188,94287,1335,94288,94290,94291,94293],{},[15,94289,92996],{}," when plain ",[15,94292,36132],{}," would be simpler",[20,94295,94296],{},"These quick checks can help:",[38,94298,94300],{"className":40,"code":94299,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\nprint(3 in range(5))\nprint(len(range(5)))\n",[15,94301,94302,94316,94334,94352,94374,94392],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94303,94304,94306,94308,94310,94312,94314],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94305,99],{"class":98},[47,94307,78],{"class":77},[47,94309,59926],{"class":98},[47,94311,78],{"class":77},[47,94313,2094],{"class":61},[47,94315,123],{"class":77},[47,94317,94318,94320,94322,94324,94326,94328,94330,94332],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,94319,99],{"class":98},[47,94321,78],{"class":77},[47,94323,8025],{"class":73},[47,94325,78],{"class":77},[47,94327,59926],{"class":98},[47,94329,78],{"class":77},[47,94331,2094],{"class":61},[47,94333,2854],{"class":77},[47,94335,94336,94338,94340,94342,94344,94346,94348,94350],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,94337,99],{"class":98},[47,94339,78],{"class":77},[47,94341,116],{"class":73},[47,94343,78],{"class":77},[47,94345,59926],{"class":98},[47,94347,78],{"class":77},[47,94349,2094],{"class":61},[47,94351,2854],{"class":77},[47,94353,94354,94356,94358,94360,94362,94364,94366,94368,94370,94372],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,94355,99],{"class":98},[47,94357,78],{"class":77},[47,94359,116],{"class":73},[47,94361,78],{"class":77},[47,94363,8025],{"class":73},[47,94365,78],{"class":77},[47,94367,59926],{"class":98},[47,94369,78],{"class":77},[47,94371,2094],{"class":61},[47,94373,93283],{"class":77},[47,94375,94376,94378,94380,94382,94384,94386,94388,94390],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,94377,99],{"class":98},[47,94379,78],{"class":77},[47,94381,2021],{"class":61},[47,94383,21109],{"class":3812},[47,94385,53997],{"class":98},[47,94387,78],{"class":77},[47,94389,2094],{"class":61},[47,94391,123],{"class":77},[47,94393,94394,94396,94398,94400,94402,94404,94406,94408],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,94395,99],{"class":98},[47,94397,78],{"class":77},[47,94399,11095],{"class":98},[47,94401,78],{"class":77},[47,94403,59926],{"class":98},[47,94405,78],{"class":77},[47,94407,2094],{"class":61},[47,94409,2854],{"class":77},[20,94411,129],{},[38,94413,94415],{"className":40,"code":94414,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nTrue\n5\n",[15,94416,94417,94431,94455,94469,94483,94487],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94418,94419,94421,94423,94425,94427,94429],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94420,59926],{"class":98},[47,94422,78],{"class":77},[47,94424,2077],{"class":61},[47,94426,668],{"class":77},[47,94428,4540],{"class":61},[47,94430,85],{"class":77},[47,94432,94433,94435,94437,94439,94441,94443,94445,94447,94449,94451,94453],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,94434,736],{"class":77},[47,94436,2077],{"class":61},[47,94438,668],{"class":77},[47,94440,5431],{"class":61},[47,94442,668],{"class":77},[47,94444,671],{"class":61},[47,94446,668],{"class":77},[47,94448,676],{"class":61},[47,94450,668],{"class":77},[47,94452,2404],{"class":61},[47,94454,679],{"class":77},[47,94456,94457,94459,94461,94463,94465,94467],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,94458,144],{"class":57},[47,94460,148],{"class":147},[47,94462,152],{"class":151},[47,94464,59926],{"class":155},[47,94466,159],{"class":151},[47,94468,162],{"class":57},[47,94470,94471,94473,94475,94477,94479,94481],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,94472,144],{"class":57},[47,94474,148],{"class":147},[47,94476,152],{"class":151},[47,94478,8025],{"class":155},[47,94480,159],{"class":151},[47,94482,162],{"class":57},[47,94484,94485],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,94486,629],{"class":571},[47,94488,94489],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,94490,2889],{"class":61},[33,94492,1762],{"id":1761},[373,94494,1806,94496,94498],{"id":94495},"is-range-a-list-in-python",[15,94497,36132],{}," a list in Python?",[20,94500,1815,94501,94503],{},[15,94502,36132],{}," returns a range object. It can be iterated over, but it is not a list.",[373,94505,1796,94507,11025,94509,1812],{"id":94506},"why-use-range-instead-of-listrange",[15,94508,36132],{},[15,94510,92996],{},[20,94512,94513,94515,94516,94518],{},[15,94514,36132],{}," is better for loops and usually uses less memory. ",[15,94517,92996],{}," creates a full list.",[373,94520,94522],{"id":94521},"can-i-index-a-range-object","Can I index a range object?",[20,94524,94525],{},"Yes. A range object supports indexing, but it still is not a list.",[20,94527,800],{},[38,94529,94531],{"className":40,"code":94530,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"r = range(5)\nprint(r[1])\n",[15,94532,94533,94547],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94534,94535,94537,94539,94541,94543,94545],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94536,93135],{"class":53},[47,94538,58],{"class":57},[47,94540,53997],{"class":98},[47,94542,78],{"class":77},[47,94544,2094],{"class":61},[47,94546,85],{"class":77},[47,94548,94549,94551,94553,94555,94557,94559],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,94550,99],{"class":98},[47,94552,78],{"class":77},[47,94554,60433],{"class":81},[47,94556,736],{"class":77},[47,94558,665],{"class":61},[47,94560,3825],{"class":77},[20,94562,129],{},[38,94564,94565],{"className":40,"code":46844,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,94566,94567],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94568,94569],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94570,46844],{"class":61},[373,94572,5090,94574,94576],{"id":94573},"why-does-printrange5-not-show-all-numbers",[15,94575,94275],{}," not show all numbers?",[20,94578,94579,94580,94583],{},"Because Python shows the range object representation. Use ",[15,94581,94582],{},"list(range(5))"," to display the numbers as a list.",[373,94585,94587,94588,94590],{"id":94586},"when-should-i-convert-range-to-a-list","When should I convert ",[15,94589,36132],{}," to a list?",[20,94592,94593],{},"Convert it when you need a real list, want list methods, or want clearer displayed output.",[33,94595,1825],{"id":1824},[185,94597,94598,94604,94610,94617,94623],{},[188,94599,94600],{},[360,94601,13,94602,1834],{"href":92980},[15,94603,36132],{},[188,94605,94606],{},[360,94607,13,94608,1834],{"href":64774},[15,94609,24716],{},[188,94611,94612],{},[360,94613,13,94614,94616],{"href":93433},[15,94615,5892],{}," loops explained",[188,94618,94619],{},[360,94620,37453,94621,36542],{"href":93799},[15,94622,35683],{},[188,94624,94625],{},[360,94626,26055,94627],{"href":35353},[15,94628,34189],{},[1875,94630,94631],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code 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var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":65,"depth":65,"links":94633},[94634,94635,94636,94638,94640,94642,94644,94645,94646,94647,94658],{"id":3543,"depth":65,"text":3544},{"id":93099,"depth":65,"text":93100},{"id":93331,"depth":65,"text":94637},"What range() gives you",{"id":93544,"depth":65,"text":94639},"What list(range()) gives you",{"id":93669,"depth":65,"text":94641},"When to use range()",{"id":93804,"depth":65,"text":94643},"When to use list(range())",{"id":15530,"depth":65,"text":15531},{"id":94123,"depth":65,"text":94124},{"id":2774,"depth":65,"text":2775},{"id":1761,"depth":65,"text":1762,"children":94648},[94649,94651,94653,94654,94656],{"id":94495,"depth":88,"text":94650},"Is range() a list in Python?",{"id":94506,"depth":88,"text":94652},"Why use range() instead of list(range())?",{"id":94521,"depth":88,"text":94522},{"id":94573,"depth":88,"text":94655},"Why does print(range(5)) not show all numbers?",{"id":94586,"depth":88,"text":94657},"When should I convert range() to a list?",{"id":1824,"depth":65,"text":1825},"Master python range vs listrange explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained",{"title":92986,"description":94659},"reference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained","rOnOrM8csHUwdMRaIQMxGCpXq2ANZXuGWJ3KxGj9cv8",{"id":94666,"title":94667,"body":94668,"description":96104,"extension":1922,"meta":96105,"navigation":91,"path":96106,"seo":96107,"stem":96108,"__hash__":96109},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained.md","Python round() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":94669,"toc":96070},[94670,94676,94681,94684,94698,94701,94703,94742,94744,94757,94765,94770,94786,94789,94791,94793,94814,94831,94834,94893,94895,94914,94919,94925,94928,94962,94964,94977,94980,95025,95027,95050,95057,95063,95066,95107,95109,95123,95126,95184,95186,95201,95214,95220,95226,95291,95293,95312,95314,95332,95335,95339,95345,95347,95380,95382,95395,95405,95408,95469,95471,95492,95495,95497,95513,95518,95522,95527,95532,95588,95590,95608,95611,95656,95658,95666,95671,95675,95689,95691,95723,95725,95734,95736,95740,95749,95752,95784,95786,95798,95801,95805,95810,95851,95853,95861,95864,95887,95891,95893,95902,95905,95958,95960,95969,95973,95978,95989,95991,96000,96003,96009,96012,96018,96028,96036,96043,96045,96067],[10,94671,13,94673,18],{"id":94672},"python-round-function-explained",[15,94674,94675],{},"round()",[20,94677,9055,94678,94680],{},[15,94679,94675],{}," function returns a rounded version of a number.",[20,94682,94683],{},"You can use it in two common ways:",[185,94685,94686,94692],{},[188,94687,94688,94691],{},[15,94689,94690],{},"round(number)"," rounds to the nearest whole number",[188,94693,94694,94697],{},[15,94695,94696],{},"round(number, digits)"," rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,94699,94700],{},"This is useful when you want cleaner numeric output or when you need to limit decimal places in a result.",[33,94702,36],{"id":35},[38,94704,94706],{"className":40,"code":94705,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(round(3.14159))\nprint(round(3.14159, 2))\n",[15,94707,94708,94724],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94709,94710,94712,94714,94717,94719,94722],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94711,99],{"class":98},[47,94713,78],{"class":77},[47,94715,94716],{"class":98},"round",[47,94718,78],{"class":77},[47,94720,94721],{"class":61},"3.14159",[47,94723,123],{"class":77},[47,94725,94726,94728,94730,94732,94734,94736,94738,94740],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,94727,99],{"class":98},[47,94729,78],{"class":77},[47,94731,94716],{"class":98},[47,94733,78],{"class":77},[47,94735,94721],{"class":61},[47,94737,668],{"class":77},[47,94739,671],{"class":61},[47,94741,123],{"class":77},[20,94743,129],{},[38,94745,94747],{"className":40,"code":94746,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"3\n3.14\n",[15,94748,94749,94753],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94750,94751],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94752,46544],{"class":61},[47,94754,94755],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,94756,538],{"class":61},[20,94758,165,94759,94761,94762,94764],{},[15,94760,94690],{}," to round to the nearest whole number, or ",[15,94763,94696],{}," to keep a set number of decimal places.",[33,94766,172,94768,175],{"id":94767},"what-round-does",[15,94769,94675],{},[185,94771,94772,94777,94780,94783],{},[188,94773,94774,94776],{},[15,94775,94675],{}," is a built-in Python function",[188,94778,94779],{},"It returns a rounded version of a number",[188,94781,94782],{},"With one argument, it rounds to the nearest integer",[188,94784,94785],{},"With two arguments, it rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,94787,94788],{},"You do not need to import anything to use it.",[33,94790,245],{"id":244},[20,94792,2117],{},[38,94794,94796],{"className":40,"code":94795,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"round(number[, ndigits])\n",[15,94797,94798],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94799,94800,94802,94804,94806,94809,94812],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94801,94716],{"class":98},[47,94803,78],{"class":77},[47,94805,404],{"class":81},[47,94807,94808],{"class":77},"[,",[47,94810,94811],{"class":81}," ndigits",[47,94813,3825],{"class":77},[185,94815,94816,94821,94826],{},[188,94817,94818,94820],{},[15,94819,404],{}," is the value to round",[188,94822,94823,19975],{},[15,94824,94825],{},"ndigits",[188,94827,94828,94830],{},[15,94829,94825],{}," can be positive, zero, or negative",[20,94832,94833],{},"Basic examples:",[38,94835,94837],{"className":40,"code":94836,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(round(7.8))\nprint(round(7.8, 1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\n",[15,94838,94839,94854,94872],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94840,94841,94843,94845,94847,94849,94852],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94842,99],{"class":98},[47,94844,78],{"class":77},[47,94846,94716],{"class":98},[47,94848,78],{"class":77},[47,94850,94851],{"class":61},"7.8",[47,94853,123],{"class":77},[47,94855,94856,94858,94860,94862,94864,94866,94868,94870],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,94857,99],{"class":98},[47,94859,78],{"class":77},[47,94861,94716],{"class":98},[47,94863,78],{"class":77},[47,94865,94851],{"class":61},[47,94867,668],{"class":77},[47,94869,5431],{"class":61},[47,94871,123],{"class":77},[47,94873,94874,94876,94878,94880,94882,94885,94887,94889,94891],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,94875,99],{"class":98},[47,94877,78],{"class":77},[47,94879,94716],{"class":98},[47,94881,78],{"class":77},[47,94883,94884],{"class":61},"1234",[47,94886,668],{"class":77},[47,94888,2176],{"class":57},[47,94890,2016],{"class":61},[47,94892,123],{"class":77},[20,94894,129],{},[38,94896,94898],{"className":40,"code":94897,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"8\n7.8\n1200\n",[15,94899,94900,94904,94909],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94901,94902],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94903,2330],{"class":61},[47,94905,94906],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,94907,94908],{"class":61},"7.8\n",[47,94910,94911],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,94912,94913],{"class":61},"1200\n",[20,94915,94916,94917,914],{},"If you are still getting used to Python number types, see ",[360,94918,2369],{"href":2368},[33,94920,1335,94922,94924],{"id":94921},"using-round-with-one-argument",[15,94923,94675],{}," with one argument",[20,94926,94927],{},"When you pass only one argument, Python rounds to the nearest whole number.",[38,94929,94931],{"className":40,"code":94930,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(round(4.2))\nprint(round(4.8))\n",[15,94932,94933,94947],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94934,94935,94937,94939,94941,94943,94945],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94936,99],{"class":98},[47,94938,78],{"class":77},[47,94940,94716],{"class":98},[47,94942,78],{"class":77},[47,94944,2312],{"class":61},[47,94946,123],{"class":77},[47,94948,94949,94951,94953,94955,94957,94960],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,94950,99],{"class":98},[47,94952,78],{"class":77},[47,94954,94716],{"class":98},[47,94956,78],{"class":77},[47,94958,94959],{"class":61},"4.8",[47,94961,123],{"class":77},[20,94963,129],{},[38,94965,94967],{"className":40,"code":94966,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"4\n5\n",[15,94968,94969,94973],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94970,94971],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94972,48576],{"class":61},[47,94974,94975],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,94976,2889],{"class":61},[20,94978,94979],{},"With a normal float, the result is usually an integer:",[38,94981,94983],{"className":40,"code":94982,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"result = round(10.2)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,94984,94985,95001,95011],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94986,94987,94989,94991,94994,94996,94999],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94988,2184],{"class":53},[47,94990,58],{"class":57},[47,94992,94993],{"class":98}," round",[47,94995,78],{"class":77},[47,94997,94998],{"class":61},"10.2",[47,95000,85],{"class":77},[47,95002,95003,95005,95007,95009],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,95004,99],{"class":98},[47,95006,78],{"class":77},[47,95008,2218],{"class":81},[47,95010,85],{"class":77},[47,95012,95013,95015,95017,95019,95021,95023],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,95014,99],{"class":98},[47,95016,78],{"class":77},[47,95018,116],{"class":73},[47,95020,78],{"class":77},[47,95022,2218],{"class":81},[47,95024,123],{"class":77},[20,95026,129],{},[38,95028,95030],{"className":40,"code":95029,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"10\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,95031,95032,95036],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95033,95034],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95035,448],{"class":61},[47,95037,95038,95040,95042,95044,95046,95048],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,95039,144],{"class":57},[47,95041,148],{"class":147},[47,95043,152],{"class":151},[47,95045,1050],{"class":155},[47,95047,159],{"class":151},[47,95049,162],{"class":57},[20,95051,95052,95053,914],{},"If you need to convert values directly to integers without rounding rules, compare this with ",[360,95054,13,95055,1834],{"href":1385},[15,95056,1388],{},[33,95058,1335,95060,95062],{"id":95059},"using-round-with-decimal-places",[15,95061,94675],{}," with decimal places",[20,95064,95065],{},"You can pass a second argument to control how many decimal places to keep.",[38,95067,95069],{"className":40,"code":95068,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(round(3.14159, 2))\nprint(round(3.14159, 3))\n",[15,95070,95071,95089],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95072,95073,95075,95077,95079,95081,95083,95085,95087],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95074,99],{"class":98},[47,95076,78],{"class":77},[47,95078,94716],{"class":98},[47,95080,78],{"class":77},[47,95082,94721],{"class":61},[47,95084,668],{"class":77},[47,95086,671],{"class":61},[47,95088,123],{"class":77},[47,95090,95091,95093,95095,95097,95099,95101,95103,95105],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,95092,99],{"class":98},[47,95094,78],{"class":77},[47,95096,94716],{"class":98},[47,95098,78],{"class":77},[47,95100,94721],{"class":61},[47,95102,668],{"class":77},[47,95104,676],{"class":61},[47,95106,123],{"class":77},[20,95108,129],{},[38,95110,95112],{"className":40,"code":95111,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"3.14\n3.142\n",[15,95113,95114,95118],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95115,95116],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95117,538],{"class":61},[47,95119,95120],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,95121,95122],{"class":61},"3.142\n",[20,95124,95125],{},"This is helpful when you want a simpler numeric value for calculations or reporting.",[38,95127,95129],{"className":40,"code":95128,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"price = 19.9876\nrounded_price = round(price, 2)\n\nprint(price)\nprint(rounded_price)\n",[15,95130,95131,95140,95159,95163,95173],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95132,95133,95135,95137],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95134,476],{"class":53},[47,95136,58],{"class":57},[47,95138,95139],{"class":61}," 19.9876\n",[47,95141,95142,95145,95147,95149,95151,95153,95155,95157],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,95143,95144],{"class":53},"rounded_price ",[47,95146,58],{"class":57},[47,95148,94993],{"class":98},[47,95150,78],{"class":77},[47,95152,494],{"class":81},[47,95154,668],{"class":77},[47,95156,671],{"class":61},[47,95158,85],{"class":77},[47,95160,95161],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,95162,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,95164,95165,95167,95169,95171],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,95166,99],{"class":98},[47,95168,78],{"class":77},[47,95170,494],{"class":81},[47,95172,85],{"class":77},[47,95174,95175,95177,95179,95182],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,95176,99],{"class":98},[47,95178,78],{"class":77},[47,95180,95181],{"class":81},"rounded_price",[47,95183,85],{"class":77},[20,95185,129],{},[38,95187,95189],{"className":40,"code":95188,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"19.9876\n19.99\n",[15,95190,95191,95196],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95192,95193],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95194,95195],{"class":61},"19.9876\n",[47,95197,95198],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,95199,95200],{"class":61},"19.99\n",[20,95202,95203,95204,95207,95208,1389,95210,914],{},"If you need to convert text such as ",[15,95205,95206],{},"\"3.14159\""," before rounding, see ",[360,95209,40825],{"href":40824},[360,95211,13,95212,1834],{"href":1392},[15,95213,1395],{},[33,95215,95217,95218],{"id":95216},"using-negative-ndigits","Using negative ",[15,95219,94825],{},[20,95221,95222,95223,95225],{},"A negative ",[15,95224,94825],{}," value rounds to tens, hundreds, or larger place values.",[38,95227,95229],{"className":40,"code":95228,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(round(1234, -1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\nprint(round(1234, -3))\n",[15,95230,95231,95251,95271],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95232,95233,95235,95237,95239,95241,95243,95245,95247,95249],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95234,99],{"class":98},[47,95236,78],{"class":77},[47,95238,94716],{"class":98},[47,95240,78],{"class":77},[47,95242,94884],{"class":61},[47,95244,668],{"class":77},[47,95246,2176],{"class":57},[47,95248,665],{"class":61},[47,95250,123],{"class":77},[47,95252,95253,95255,95257,95259,95261,95263,95265,95267,95269],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,95254,99],{"class":98},[47,95256,78],{"class":77},[47,95258,94716],{"class":98},[47,95260,78],{"class":77},[47,95262,94884],{"class":61},[47,95264,668],{"class":77},[47,95266,2176],{"class":57},[47,95268,2016],{"class":61},[47,95270,123],{"class":77},[47,95272,95273,95275,95277,95279,95281,95283,95285,95287,95289],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,95274,99],{"class":98},[47,95276,78],{"class":77},[47,95278,94716],{"class":98},[47,95280,78],{"class":77},[47,95282,94884],{"class":61},[47,95284,668],{"class":77},[47,95286,2176],{"class":57},[47,95288,2021],{"class":61},[47,95290,123],{"class":77},[20,95292,129],{},[38,95294,95296],{"className":40,"code":95295,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"1230\n1200\n1000\n",[15,95297,95298,95303,95307],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95299,95300],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95301,95302],{"class":61},"1230\n",[47,95304,95305],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,95306,94913],{"class":61},[47,95308,95309],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,95310,95311],{"class":61},"1000\n",[20,95313,65511],{},[185,95315,95316,95321,95327],{},[188,95317,95318,95320],{},[15,95319,65781],{}," rounds to the nearest 10",[188,95322,95323,95326],{},[15,95324,95325],{},"-2"," rounds to the nearest 100",[188,95328,95329,95331],{},[15,95330,47598],{}," rounds to the nearest 1000",[20,95333,95334],{},"This can be useful when you want less precise but easier-to-read numbers.",[33,95336,95338],{"id":95337},"important-behavior-beginners-notice","Important behavior beginners notice",[20,95340,95341,95342,914],{},"Some results may look surprising with numbers ending in ",[15,95343,95344],{},".5",[20,95346,5405],{},[38,95348,95350],{"className":40,"code":95349,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\n",[15,95351,95352,95366],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95353,95354,95356,95358,95360,95362,95364],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95355,99],{"class":98},[47,95357,78],{"class":77},[47,95359,94716],{"class":98},[47,95361,78],{"class":77},[47,95363,41092],{"class":61},[47,95365,123],{"class":77},[47,95367,95368,95370,95372,95374,95376,95378],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,95369,99],{"class":98},[47,95371,78],{"class":77},[47,95373,94716],{"class":98},[47,95375,78],{"class":77},[47,95377,1999],{"class":61},[47,95379,123],{"class":77},[20,95381,129],{},[38,95383,95385],{"className":40,"code":95384,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"2\n4\n",[15,95386,95387,95391],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95388,95389],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95390,16992],{"class":61},[47,95392,95393],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,95394,48576],{"class":61},[20,95396,95397,95398,95401,95402,95404],{},"Python uses ",[127,95399,95400],{},"banker's rounding"," in tie cases. That means it rounds to the nearest even number in some ",[15,95403,95344],{}," situations.",[20,95406,95407],{},"More examples:",[38,95409,95411],{"className":40,"code":95410,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(round(1.5))\nprint(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\nprint(round(4.5))\n",[15,95412,95413,95427,95441,95455],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95414,95415,95417,95419,95421,95423,95425],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95416,99],{"class":98},[47,95418,78],{"class":77},[47,95420,94716],{"class":98},[47,95422,78],{"class":77},[47,95424,41105],{"class":61},[47,95426,123],{"class":77},[47,95428,95429,95431,95433,95435,95437,95439],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,95430,99],{"class":98},[47,95432,78],{"class":77},[47,95434,94716],{"class":98},[47,95436,78],{"class":77},[47,95438,41092],{"class":61},[47,95440,123],{"class":77},[47,95442,95443,95445,95447,95449,95451,95453],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,95444,99],{"class":98},[47,95446,78],{"class":77},[47,95448,94716],{"class":98},[47,95450,78],{"class":77},[47,95452,1999],{"class":61},[47,95454,123],{"class":77},[47,95456,95457,95459,95461,95463,95465,95467],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,95458,99],{"class":98},[47,95460,78],{"class":77},[47,95462,94716],{"class":98},[47,95464,78],{"class":77},[47,95466,41057],{"class":61},[47,95468,123],{"class":77},[20,95470,129],{},[38,95472,95474],{"className":40,"code":95473,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"2\n2\n4\n4\n",[15,95475,95476,95480,95484,95488],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95477,95478],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95479,16992],{"class":61},[47,95481,95482],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,95483,16992],{"class":61},[47,95485,95486],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,95487,48576],{"class":61},[47,95489,95490],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,95491,48576],{"class":61},[20,95493,95494],{},"This is normal Python behavior, not a bug.",[20,95496,10645],{},[185,95498,95499,95506],{},[188,95500,95501,2091,95504],{},[15,95502,95503],{},"round(2.5)",[15,95505,2016],{},[188,95507,95508,2091,95511],{},[15,95509,95510],{},"round(3.5)",[15,95512,2451],{},[20,95514,3112,95515,95517],{},[15,95516,95344],{}," to always round upward, this behavior can be confusing at first.",[33,95519,95521],{"id":95520},"return-values","Return values",[20,95523,95524,95526],{},[15,95525,94675],{}," returns the rounded value.",[20,95528,40839,95529,95531],{},[127,95530,768],{}," change the original variable unless you save the result.",[38,95533,95535],{"className":40,"code":95534,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 3.14159\n\nprint(value)\nprint(round(value, 2))\nprint(value)\n",[15,95536,95537,95546,95550,95560,95578],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95538,95539,95541,95543],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95540,566],{"class":53},[47,95542,58],{"class":57},[47,95544,95545],{"class":61}," 3.14159\n",[47,95547,95548],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,95549,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,95551,95552,95554,95556,95558],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,95553,99],{"class":98},[47,95555,78],{"class":77},[47,95557,585],{"class":81},[47,95559,85],{"class":77},[47,95561,95562,95564,95566,95568,95570,95572,95574,95576],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,95563,99],{"class":98},[47,95565,78],{"class":77},[47,95567,94716],{"class":98},[47,95569,78],{"class":77},[47,95571,585],{"class":81},[47,95573,668],{"class":77},[47,95575,671],{"class":61},[47,95577,123],{"class":77},[47,95579,95580,95582,95584,95586],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,95581,99],{"class":98},[47,95583,78],{"class":77},[47,95585,585],{"class":81},[47,95587,85],{"class":77},[20,95589,129],{},[38,95591,95593],{"className":40,"code":95592,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"3.14159\n3.14\n3.14159\n",[15,95594,95595,95600,95604],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95596,95597],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95598,95599],{"class":61},"3.14159\n",[47,95601,95602],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,95603,538],{"class":61},[47,95605,95606],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,95607,95599],{"class":61},[20,95609,95610],{},"If you want to keep the rounded value, assign it:",[38,95612,95614],{"className":40,"code":95613,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 3.14159\nvalue = round(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,95615,95616,95624,95642,95646],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95617,95618,95620,95622],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95619,566],{"class":53},[47,95621,58],{"class":57},[47,95623,95545],{"class":61},[47,95625,95626,95628,95630,95632,95634,95636,95638,95640],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,95627,566],{"class":53},[47,95629,58],{"class":57},[47,95631,94993],{"class":98},[47,95633,78],{"class":77},[47,95635,585],{"class":81},[47,95637,668],{"class":77},[47,95639,671],{"class":61},[47,95641,85],{"class":77},[47,95643,95644],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,95645,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,95647,95648,95650,95652,95654],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,95649,99],{"class":98},[47,95651,78],{"class":77},[47,95653,585],{"class":81},[47,95655,85],{"class":77},[20,95657,129],{},[38,95659,95660],{"className":40,"code":538,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,95661,95662],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95663,95664],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95665,538],{"class":61},[33,95667,773,95669],{"id":95668},"when-to-use-round",[15,95670,94675],{},[20,95672,165,95673,6253],{},[15,95674,94675],{},[185,95676,95677,95680,95683,95686],{},[188,95678,95679],{},"Display simpler numeric output",[188,95681,95682],{},"Limit decimal places in calculations",[188,95684,95685],{},"Round values before reporting results",[188,95687,95688],{},"Prepare numbers for easier reading",[20,95690,5405],{},[38,95692,95694],{"className":40,"code":95693,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"distance = 12.67891\nprint(round(distance, 2))\n",[15,95695,95696,95705],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95697,95698,95700,95702],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95699,2542],{"class":53},[47,95701,58],{"class":57},[47,95703,95704],{"class":61}," 12.67891\n",[47,95706,95707,95709,95711,95713,95715,95717,95719,95721],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,95708,99],{"class":98},[47,95710,78],{"class":77},[47,95712,94716],{"class":98},[47,95714,78],{"class":77},[47,95716,2565],{"class":81},[47,95718,668],{"class":77},[47,95720,671],{"class":61},[47,95722,123],{"class":77},[20,95724,129],{},[38,95726,95728],{"className":40,"code":95727,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"12.68\n",[15,95729,95730],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95731,95732],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95733,95727],{"class":61},[33,95735,2775],{"id":2774},[20,95737,23029,95738,914],{},[15,95739,94675],{},[373,95741,1400,95743,95745,95746,95748],{"id":95742},"expecting-round-to-always-round-5-upward",[15,95744,94675],{}," to always round ",[15,95747,95344],{}," upward",[20,95750,95751],{},"This is one of the most common surprises.",[38,95753,95754],{"className":40,"code":95349,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,95755,95756,95770],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95757,95758,95760,95762,95764,95766,95768],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95759,99],{"class":98},[47,95761,78],{"class":77},[47,95763,94716],{"class":98},[47,95765,78],{"class":77},[47,95767,41092],{"class":61},[47,95769,123],{"class":77},[47,95771,95772,95774,95776,95778,95780,95782],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,95773,99],{"class":98},[47,95775,78],{"class":77},[47,95777,94716],{"class":98},[47,95779,78],{"class":77},[47,95781,1999],{"class":61},[47,95783,123],{"class":77},[20,95785,129],{},[38,95787,95788],{"className":40,"code":95384,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,95789,95790,95794],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95791,95792],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95793,16992],{"class":61},[47,95795,95796],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,95797,48576],{"class":61},[20,95799,95800],{},"Python may round tie values to the nearest even number.",[373,95802,95804],{"id":95803},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-value","Forgetting to save the returned value",[20,95806,95807,95809],{},[15,95808,94675],{}," returns a new value. It does not update the old one by itself.",[38,95811,95813],{"className":40,"code":95812,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 3.14159\nround(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,95814,95815,95823,95837,95841],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95816,95817,95819,95821],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95818,566],{"class":53},[47,95820,58],{"class":57},[47,95822,95545],{"class":61},[47,95824,95825,95827,95829,95831,95833,95835],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,95826,94716],{"class":98},[47,95828,78],{"class":77},[47,95830,585],{"class":81},[47,95832,668],{"class":77},[47,95834,671],{"class":61},[47,95836,85],{"class":77},[47,95838,95839],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,95840,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,95842,95843,95845,95847,95849],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,95844,99],{"class":98},[47,95846,78],{"class":77},[47,95848,585],{"class":81},[47,95850,85],{"class":77},[20,95852,129],{},[38,95854,95855],{"className":40,"code":95599,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,95856,95857],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95858,95859],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95860,95599],{"class":61},[20,95862,95863],{},"To keep the rounded result:",[38,95865,95867],{"className":40,"code":95866,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = round(value, 2)\n",[15,95868,95869],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95870,95871,95873,95875,95877,95879,95881,95883,95885],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95872,566],{"class":53},[47,95874,58],{"class":57},[47,95876,94993],{"class":98},[47,95878,78],{"class":77},[47,95880,585],{"class":81},[47,95882,668],{"class":77},[47,95884,671],{"class":61},[47,95886,85],{"class":77},[373,95888,95890],{"id":95889},"passing-a-string-instead-of-a-number","Passing a string instead of a number",[20,95892,16336],{},[38,95894,95896],{"className":40,"code":95895,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# print(round(\"3.14\", 1))\n",[15,95897,95898],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95899,95900],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95901,95895],{"class":1378},[20,95903,95904],{},"You need to convert the string first:",[38,95906,95908],{"className":40,"code":95907,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"3.14\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(round(number, 1))\n",[15,95909,95910,95922,95936,95940],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95911,95912,95914,95916,95918,95920],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95913,68],{"class":53},[47,95915,58],{"class":57},[47,95917,303],{"class":151},[47,95919,203],{"class":155},[47,95921,820],{"class":151},[47,95923,95924,95926,95928,95930,95932,95934],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,95925,386],{"class":53},[47,95927,58],{"class":57},[47,95929,40189],{"class":73},[47,95931,78],{"class":77},[47,95933,104],{"class":81},[47,95935,85],{"class":77},[47,95937,95938],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,95939,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,95941,95942,95944,95946,95948,95950,95952,95954,95956],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,95943,99],{"class":98},[47,95945,78],{"class":77},[47,95947,94716],{"class":98},[47,95949,78],{"class":77},[47,95951,404],{"class":81},[47,95953,668],{"class":77},[47,95955,5431],{"class":61},[47,95957,123],{"class":77},[20,95959,129],{},[38,95961,95963],{"className":40,"code":95962,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"3.1\n",[15,95964,95965],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95966,95967],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95968,95962],{"class":61},[373,95970,95972],{"id":95971},"confusing-rounding-a-value-with-formatting-text-output","Confusing rounding a value with formatting text output",[20,95974,95975,95977],{},[15,95976,94675],{}," changes the numeric value it returns. It is not the same as formatting text for display.",[20,95979,95980,95981,1389,95985,914],{},"If your data starts as text, convert it first with ",[360,95982,95983],{"href":1392},[15,95984,1395],{},[360,95986,95987],{"href":1385},[15,95988,1388],{},[33,95990,1762],{"id":1761},[373,95992,1776,95994,95996,95997,95999],{"id":95993},"does-round-always-round-05-up",[15,95995,94675],{}," always round ",[15,95998,40148],{}," up?",[20,96001,96002],{},"No. In tie cases, Python may round to the nearest even number.",[373,96004,1776,96006,96008],{"id":96005},"does-round-change-the-original-number",[15,96007,94675],{}," change the original number?",[20,96010,96011],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to keep it.",[373,96013,1786,96015,96017],{"id":96014},"can-round-round-to-tens-or-hundreds",[15,96016,94675],{}," round to tens or hundreds?",[20,96019,96020,96021,96023,96024,1389,96026,914],{},"Yes. Use a negative ",[15,96022,94825],{}," value like ",[15,96025,65781],{},[15,96027,95325],{},[373,96029,28262,96031,96033,96034,1812],{"id":96030},"can-i-use-round-on-a-string-like-314",[15,96032,94675],{}," on a string like ",[15,96035,206],{},[20,96037,96038,96039,1389,96041,914],{},"Not directly. Convert the string first with ",[15,96040,1395],{},[15,96042,1388],{},[33,96044,1825],{"id":1824},[185,96046,96047,96053,96059,96063],{},[188,96048,96049],{},[360,96050,13,96051,1834],{"href":1392},[15,96052,1395],{},[188,96054,96055],{},[360,96056,13,96057,1834],{"href":1385},[15,96058,1388],{},[188,96060,96061],{},[360,96062,2369],{"href":2368},[188,96064,96065],{},[360,96066,42112],{"href":40824},[1875,96068,96069],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":65,"depth":65,"links":96071},[96072,96073,96075,96076,96078,96080,96082,96083,96084,96086,96093,96103],{"id":35,"depth":65,"text":36},{"id":94767,"depth":65,"text":96074},"What round() does",{"id":244,"depth":65,"text":245},{"id":94921,"depth":65,"text":96077},"Using round() with one argument",{"id":95059,"depth":65,"text":96079},"Using round() with decimal places",{"id":95216,"depth":65,"text":96081},"Using negative ndigits",{"id":95337,"depth":65,"text":95338},{"id":95520,"depth":65,"text":95521},{"id":95668,"depth":65,"text":96085},"When to use round()",{"id":2774,"depth":65,"text":2775,"children":96087},[96088,96090,96091,96092],{"id":95742,"depth":88,"text":96089},"Expecting round() to always round .5 upward",{"id":95803,"depth":88,"text":95804},{"id":95889,"depth":88,"text":95890},{"id":95971,"depth":88,"text":95972},{"id":1761,"depth":65,"text":1762,"children":96094},[96095,96097,96099,96101],{"id":95993,"depth":88,"text":96096},"Does round() always round 0.5 up?",{"id":96005,"depth":88,"text":96098},"Does round() change the original number?",{"id":96014,"depth":88,"text":96100},"Can round() round to tens or hundreds?",{"id":96030,"depth":88,"text":96102},"Can I use round() on a string like \"3.14\"?",{"id":1824,"depth":65,"text":1825},"Master python round function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained",{"title":94667,"description":96104},"reference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained","e0t8hwZaUiwtmjnn3D5wfXRBmBmXDud37ro5ZcnR9iM",{"id":96111,"title":96112,"body":96113,"description":97298,"extension":1922,"meta":97299,"navigation":91,"path":97300,"seo":97301,"stem":97302,"__hash__":97303},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method.md","Python Set add() Method",{"type":7,"value":96114,"toc":97272},[96115,96122,96128,96131,96133,96182,96186,96211,96216,96221,96226,96240,96251,96253,96272,96274,96290,96293,96304,96306,96308,96369,96373,96406,96413,96420,96423,96456,96459,96463,96466,96519,96523,96544,96550,96557,96564,96625,96633,96710,96714,96726,96735,96737,96743,96749,96753,96806,96809,96867,96871,96879,96882,96886,96889,96899,96901,96998,97001,97012,97015,97058,97062,97086,97089,97095,97097,97101,97126,97128,97195,97204,97206,97212,97217,97221,97224,97228,97235,97239,97244,97246,97263,97269],[10,96116,96118,96119,11256],{"id":96117},"python-set-add-method","Python Set ",[15,96120,96121],{},"add()",[20,96123,96124,96127],{},[15,96125,96126],{},"set.add()"," adds one item to a set.",[20,96129,96130],{},"Use it when you want to put a single value into an existing set. If that value is not already present, Python adds it. If it is already in the set, nothing changes.",[33,96132,36],{"id":35},[38,96134,96136],{"className":40,"code":96135,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(4)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,96137,96138,96158,96172],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,96139,96140,96142,96144,96146,96148,96150,96152,96154,96156],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96141,3554],{"class":53},[47,96143,58],{"class":57},[47,96145,10423],{"class":77},[47,96147,665],{"class":61},[47,96149,668],{"class":77},[47,96151,671],{"class":61},[47,96153,668],{"class":77},[47,96155,676],{"class":61},[47,96157,9240],{"class":77},[47,96159,96160,96162,96164,96166,96168,96170],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,96161,3584],{"class":53},[47,96163,914],{"class":77},[47,96165,82030],{"class":81},[47,96167,78],{"class":77},[47,96169,2451],{"class":61},[47,96171,85],{"class":77},[47,96173,96174,96176,96178,96180],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,96175,99],{"class":98},[47,96177,78],{"class":77},[47,96179,3584],{"class":81},[47,96181,85],{"class":77},[20,96183,96184],{},[127,96185,129],{},[38,96187,96189],{"className":40,"code":96188,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,96190,96191],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,96192,96193,96195,96197,96199,96201,96203,96205,96207,96209],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96194,9211],{"class":77},[47,96196,665],{"class":61},[47,96198,668],{"class":77},[47,96200,671],{"class":61},[47,96202,668],{"class":77},[47,96204,676],{"class":61},[47,96206,668],{"class":77},[47,96208,2404],{"class":61},[47,96210,9240],{"class":77},[20,96212,165,96213,96215],{},[15,96214,96121],{}," to put one value into a set. If the value is already in the set, nothing changes.",[33,96217,172,96219,175],{"id":96218},"what-setadd-does",[15,96220,96126],{},[20,96222,96223,96225],{},[15,96224,96126],{}," is a built-in set method that:",[185,96227,96228,96231,96234,96237],{},[188,96229,96230],{},"Adds one item to a set",[188,96232,96233],{},"Changes the original set in place",[188,96235,96236],{},"Does not return a new set",[188,96238,96239],{},"Leaves the set unchanged if the item already exists",[20,96241,96242,96243,1389,96247,914],{},"If you are new to sets, see ",[360,96244,96246],{"href":96245},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained","Python sets explained",[360,96248,96250],{"href":96249},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","how to create a set in Python",[33,96252,245],{"id":244},[38,96254,96256],{"className":40,"code":96255,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set.add(item)\n",[15,96257,96258],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,96259,96260,96262,96264,96266,96268,96270],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96261,15601],{"class":53},[47,96263,914],{"class":77},[47,96265,82030],{"class":81},[47,96267,78],{"class":77},[47,96269,23245],{"class":81},[47,96271,85],{"class":77},[20,96273,1515],{},[185,96275,96276,96281,96284],{},[188,96277,55836,96278,96280],{},[15,96279,96121],{}," on an existing set",[188,96282,96283],{},"Pass exactly one item",[188,96285,96286,96287],{},"The item must be ",[127,96288,96289],{},"hashable",[20,96291,96292],{},"A hashable value is a value Python can safely store in a set. Common hashable values include:",[185,96294,96295,96297,96299,96302],{},[188,96296,56389],{},[188,96298,56392],{},[188,96300,96301],{},"Tuples",[188,96303,40528],{},[33,96305,11409],{"id":11408},[20,96307,11412],{},[38,96309,96311],{"className":40,"code":96310,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.add(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,96312,96313,96337,96355,96359],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,96314,96315,96317,96319,96321,96323,96325,96327,96329,96331,96333,96335],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96316,13010],{"class":53},[47,96318,58],{"class":57},[47,96320,10423],{"class":77},[47,96322,309],{"class":151},[47,96324,13027],{"class":155},[47,96326,309],{"class":151},[47,96328,668],{"class":77},[47,96330,303],{"class":151},[47,96332,13044],{"class":155},[47,96334,309],{"class":151},[47,96336,9240],{"class":77},[47,96338,96339,96341,96343,96345,96347,96349,96351,96353],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,96340,17437],{"class":53},[47,96342,914],{"class":77},[47,96344,82030],{"class":81},[47,96346,78],{"class":77},[47,96348,309],{"class":151},[47,96350,17390],{"class":155},[47,96352,309],{"class":151},[47,96354,85],{"class":77},[47,96356,96357],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,96358,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,96360,96361,96363,96365,96367],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,96362,99],{"class":98},[47,96364,78],{"class":77},[47,96366,17437],{"class":81},[47,96368,85],{"class":77},[20,96370,96371],{},[127,96372,29964],{},[38,96374,96376],{"className":40,"code":96375,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'red', 'green', 'blue'}\n",[15,96377,96378],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,96379,96380,96382,96384,96386,96388,96390,96392,96394,96396,96398,96400,96402,96404],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96381,9211],{"class":77},[47,96383,159],{"class":151},[47,96385,13027],{"class":155},[47,96387,159],{"class":151},[47,96389,668],{"class":77},[47,96391,152],{"class":151},[47,96393,17390],{"class":155},[47,96395,159],{"class":151},[47,96397,668],{"class":77},[47,96399,152],{"class":151},[47,96401,13044],{"class":155},[47,96403,159],{"class":151},[47,96405,9240],{"class":77},[20,96407,96408,96409,96412],{},"The new value ",[15,96410,96411],{},"\"green\""," was added to the set.",[20,96414,96415,96416,96419],{},"One important thing to remember: ",[127,96417,96418],{},"sets are unordered collections",". That means you should not rely on the printed order of values.",[20,96421,96422],{},"For example, this is also valid output:",[38,96424,96426],{"className":40,"code":96425,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'blue', 'red', 'green'}\n",[15,96427,96428],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,96429,96430,96432,96434,96436,96438,96440,96442,96444,96446,96448,96450,96452,96454],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96431,9211],{"class":77},[47,96433,159],{"class":151},[47,96435,13044],{"class":155},[47,96437,159],{"class":151},[47,96439,668],{"class":77},[47,96441,152],{"class":151},[47,96443,13027],{"class":155},[47,96445,159],{"class":151},[47,96447,668],{"class":77},[47,96449,152],{"class":151},[47,96451,17390],{"class":155},[47,96453,159],{"class":151},[47,96455,9240],{"class":77},[20,96457,96458],{},"The values are the same. Only the display order is different.",[33,96460,96462],{"id":96461},"what-happens-with-duplicate-values","What happens with duplicate values",[20,96464,96465],{},"Sets store unique values only. If you try to add a value that is already in the set, Python does not raise an error.",[38,96467,96469],{"className":40,"code":96468,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,96470,96471,96491,96505,96509],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,96472,96473,96475,96477,96479,96481,96483,96485,96487,96489],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96474,3554],{"class":53},[47,96476,58],{"class":57},[47,96478,10423],{"class":77},[47,96480,665],{"class":61},[47,96482,668],{"class":77},[47,96484,671],{"class":61},[47,96486,668],{"class":77},[47,96488,676],{"class":61},[47,96490,9240],{"class":77},[47,96492,96493,96495,96497,96499,96501,96503],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,96494,3584],{"class":53},[47,96496,914],{"class":77},[47,96498,82030],{"class":81},[47,96500,78],{"class":77},[47,96502,2016],{"class":61},[47,96504,85],{"class":77},[47,96506,96507],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,96508,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,96510,96511,96513,96515,96517],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,96512,99],{"class":98},[47,96514,78],{"class":77},[47,96516,3584],{"class":81},[47,96518,85],{"class":77},[20,96520,96521],{},[127,96522,129],{},[38,96524,96526],{"className":40,"code":96525,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,96527,96528],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,96529,96530,96532,96534,96536,96538,96540,96542],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96531,9211],{"class":77},[47,96533,665],{"class":61},[47,96535,668],{"class":77},[47,96537,671],{"class":61},[47,96539,668],{"class":77},[47,96541,676],{"class":61},[47,96543,9240],{"class":77},[20,96545,96546,96547,96549],{},"The set stays the same because ",[15,96548,2016],{}," was already present.",[33,96551,96553,920,96555],{"id":96552},"add-vs-update",[15,96554,96121],{},[15,96556,14888],{},[20,96558,165,96559,96561,96562,914],{},[15,96560,96121],{}," when you want to add ",[127,96563,52583],{},[38,96565,96567],{"className":40,"code":96566,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.add(\"c\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96568,96569,96593,96611,96615],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,96570,96571,96573,96575,96577,96579,96581,96583,96585,96587,96589,96591],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96572,36024],{"class":53},[47,96574,58],{"class":57},[47,96576,10423],{"class":77},[47,96578,309],{"class":151},[47,96580,360],{"class":155},[47,96582,309],{"class":151},[47,96584,668],{"class":77},[47,96586,303],{"class":151},[47,96588,4696],{"class":155},[47,96590,309],{"class":151},[47,96592,9240],{"class":77},[47,96594,96595,96597,96599,96601,96603,96605,96607,96609],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,96596,36077],{"class":53},[47,96598,914],{"class":77},[47,96600,82030],{"class":81},[47,96602,78],{"class":77},[47,96604,309],{"class":151},[47,96606,9671],{"class":155},[47,96608,309],{"class":151},[47,96610,85],{"class":77},[47,96612,96613],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,96614,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,96616,96617,96619,96621,96623],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,96618,99],{"class":98},[47,96620,78],{"class":77},[47,96622,36077],{"class":81},[47,96624,85],{"class":77},[20,96626,165,96627,96561,96629,96632],{},[15,96628,14888],{},[127,96630,96631],{},"multiple items from an iterable"," such as a list, tuple, or set.",[38,96634,96636],{"className":40,"code":96635,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.update([\"c\", \"d\", \"e\"])\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96637,96638,96662,96696,96700],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,96639,96640,96642,96644,96646,96648,96650,96652,96654,96656,96658,96660],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96641,36024],{"class":53},[47,96643,58],{"class":57},[47,96645,10423],{"class":77},[47,96647,309],{"class":151},[47,96649,360],{"class":155},[47,96651,309],{"class":151},[47,96653,668],{"class":77},[47,96655,303],{"class":151},[47,96657,4696],{"class":155},[47,96659,309],{"class":151},[47,96661,9240],{"class":77},[47,96663,96664,96666,96668,96670,96672,96674,96676,96678,96680,96682,96684,96686,96688,96690,96692,96694],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,96665,36077],{"class":53},[47,96667,914],{"class":77},[47,96669,30398],{"class":81},[47,96671,2928],{"class":77},[47,96673,309],{"class":151},[47,96675,9671],{"class":155},[47,96677,309],{"class":151},[47,96679,668],{"class":77},[47,96681,303],{"class":151},[47,96683,18703],{"class":155},[47,96685,309],{"class":151},[47,96687,668],{"class":77},[47,96689,303],{"class":151},[47,96691,60375],{"class":155},[47,96693,309],{"class":151},[47,96695,3825],{"class":77},[47,96697,96698],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,96699,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,96701,96702,96704,96706,96708],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,96703,99],{"class":98},[47,96705,78],{"class":77},[47,96707,36077],{"class":81},[47,96709,85],{"class":77},[373,96711,96713],{"id":96712},"key-difference","Key difference",[185,96715,96716,96721],{},[188,96717,96718,96720],{},[15,96719,96121],{}," adds one item",[188,96722,96723,96725],{},[15,96724,14888],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable",[20,96727,96728,96729,914],{},"If you want to learn that method next, see ",[360,96730,96732,96733,10673],{"href":96731},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","Python set ",[15,96734,14888],{},[33,96736,1504],{"id":1503},[20,96738,96739,2346,96741,914],{},[15,96740,96126],{},[15,96742,3713],{},[20,96744,96745,96746,96748],{},"That means you should ",[127,96747,768],{}," assign its result back to the variable.",[373,96750,96752],{"id":96751},"correct","Correct",[38,96754,96756],{"className":40,"code":96755,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,96757,96758,96778,96792,96796],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,96759,96760,96762,96764,96766,96768,96770,96772,96774,96776],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96761,15563],{"class":53},[47,96763,58],{"class":57},[47,96765,10423],{"class":77},[47,96767,665],{"class":61},[47,96769,668],{"class":77},[47,96771,671],{"class":61},[47,96773,668],{"class":77},[47,96775,676],{"class":61},[47,96777,9240],{"class":77},[47,96779,96780,96782,96784,96786,96788,96790],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,96781,15601],{"class":53},[47,96783,914],{"class":77},[47,96785,82030],{"class":81},[47,96787,78],{"class":77},[47,96789,2451],{"class":61},[47,96791,85],{"class":77},[47,96793,96794],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,96795,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,96797,96798,96800,96802,96804],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,96799,99],{"class":98},[47,96801,78],{"class":77},[47,96803,15601],{"class":81},[47,96805,85],{"class":77},[373,96807,96808],{"id":61696},"Wrong",[38,96810,96812],{"className":40,"code":96811,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,96813,96814,96834,96853,96857],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,96815,96816,96818,96820,96822,96824,96826,96828,96830,96832],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96817,15563],{"class":53},[47,96819,58],{"class":57},[47,96821,10423],{"class":77},[47,96823,665],{"class":61},[47,96825,668],{"class":77},[47,96827,671],{"class":61},[47,96829,668],{"class":77},[47,96831,676],{"class":61},[47,96833,9240],{"class":77},[47,96835,96836,96838,96840,96843,96845,96847,96849,96851],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,96837,15563],{"class":53},[47,96839,58],{"class":57},[47,96841,96842],{"class":53}," my_set",[47,96844,914],{"class":77},[47,96846,82030],{"class":81},[47,96848,78],{"class":77},[47,96850,2451],{"class":61},[47,96852,85],{"class":77},[47,96854,96855],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,96856,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,96858,96859,96861,96863,96865],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,96860,99],{"class":98},[47,96862,78],{"class":77},[47,96864,15601],{"class":81},[47,96866,85],{"class":77},[20,96868,96869],{},[127,96870,129],{},[38,96872,96873],{"className":40,"code":11742,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,96874,96875],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,96876,96877],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96878,11742],{"class":571},[20,96880,96881],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. The method changes the original set directly.",[33,96883,96885],{"id":96884},"items-you-can-and-cannot-add","Items you can and cannot add",[20,96887,96888],{},"You can add hashable values such as:",[185,96890,96891,96893,96895,96897],{},[188,96892,56389],{},[188,96894,56392],{},[188,96896,96301],{},[188,96898,40528],{},[20,96900,800],{},[38,96902,96904],{"className":40,"code":96903,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = set()\n\nitems.add(10)\nitems.add(\"hello\")\nitems.add((1, 2))\nitems.add(True)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,96905,96906,96916,96920,96934,96952,96970,96984,96988],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,96907,96908,96910,96912,96914],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96909,657],{"class":53},[47,96911,58],{"class":57},[47,96913,15568],{"class":73},[47,96915,8574],{"class":77},[47,96917,96918],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,96919,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,96921,96922,96924,96926,96928,96930,96932],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,96923,692],{"class":53},[47,96925,914],{"class":77},[47,96927,82030],{"class":81},[47,96929,78],{"class":77},[47,96931,193],{"class":61},[47,96933,85],{"class":77},[47,96935,96936,96938,96940,96942,96944,96946,96948,96950],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,96937,692],{"class":53},[47,96939,914],{"class":77},[47,96941,82030],{"class":81},[47,96943,78],{"class":77},[47,96945,309],{"class":151},[47,96947,3781],{"class":155},[47,96949,309],{"class":151},[47,96951,85],{"class":77},[47,96953,96954,96956,96958,96960,96962,96964,96966,96968],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,96955,692],{"class":53},[47,96957,914],{"class":77},[47,96959,82030],{"class":81},[47,96961,5444],{"class":77},[47,96963,665],{"class":61},[47,96965,668],{"class":77},[47,96967,671],{"class":61},[47,96969,123],{"class":77},[47,96971,96972,96974,96976,96978,96980,96982],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,96973,692],{"class":53},[47,96975,914],{"class":77},[47,96977,82030],{"class":81},[47,96979,78],{"class":77},[47,96981,212],{"class":571},[47,96983,85],{"class":77},[47,96985,96986],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,96987,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,96989,96990,96992,96994,96996],{"class":49,"line":1734},[47,96991,99],{"class":98},[47,96993,78],{"class":77},[47,96995,692],{"class":81},[47,96997,85],{"class":77},[20,96999,97000],{},"You cannot add mutable values such as:",[185,97002,97003,97006,97009],{},[188,97004,97005],{},"Lists",[188,97007,97008],{},"Dictionaries",[188,97010,97011],{},"Sets",[20,97013,97014],{},"Example that causes an error:",[38,97016,97018],{"className":40,"code":97017,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.add([4, 5])\n",[15,97019,97020,97040],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,97021,97022,97024,97026,97028,97030,97032,97034,97036,97038],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97023,657],{"class":53},[47,97025,58],{"class":57},[47,97027,10423],{"class":77},[47,97029,665],{"class":61},[47,97031,668],{"class":77},[47,97033,671],{"class":61},[47,97035,668],{"class":77},[47,97037,676],{"class":61},[47,97039,9240],{"class":77},[47,97041,97042,97044,97046,97048,97050,97052,97054,97056],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,97043,692],{"class":53},[47,97045,914],{"class":77},[47,97047,82030],{"class":81},[47,97049,2928],{"class":77},[47,97051,2451],{"class":61},[47,97053,668],{"class":77},[47,97055,4540],{"class":61},[47,97057,3825],{"class":77},[20,97059,97060],{},[127,97061,29615],{},[38,97063,97065],{"className":40,"code":97064,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'\n",[15,97066,97067],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,97068,97069,97071,97073,97076,97078,97080,97082,97084],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97070,2947],{"class":73},[47,97072,2826],{"class":77},[47,97074,97075],{"class":53}," unhashable ",[47,97077,116],{"class":73},[47,97079,2826],{"class":77},[47,97081,152],{"class":151},[47,97083,8025],{"class":155},[47,97085,29634],{"class":151},[20,97087,97088],{},"This happens because lists are mutable, so they cannot be stored as set items.",[20,97090,97091,97092,914],{},"If you get this error, see how to fix ",[15,97093,97094],{},"TypeError: unhashable type",[33,97096,2775],{"id":2774},[20,97098,14668,97099,2826],{},[15,97100,96126],{},[185,97102,97103,97108,97113,97116,97123],{},[188,97104,1335,97105,97107],{},[15,97106,96121],{}," when you need to insert multiple values",[188,97109,1400,97110,97112],{},[15,97111,96121],{}," to return the updated set",[188,97114,97115],{},"Trying to add a list or dictionary to a set",[188,97117,37138,97118,97120,97121],{},[15,97119,96126],{}," with list ",[15,97122,52579],{},[188,97124,97125],{},"Expecting sets to keep insertion order for display logic",[20,97127,71433],{},[38,97129,97131],{"className":40,"code":97130,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nhelp(set.add)\n",[15,97132,97133,97143,97157,97167,97181],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,97134,97135,97137,97139,97141],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97136,99],{"class":98},[47,97138,78],{"class":77},[47,97140,15601],{"class":81},[47,97142,85],{"class":77},[47,97144,97145,97147,97149,97151,97153,97155],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,97146,99],{"class":98},[47,97148,78],{"class":77},[47,97150,116],{"class":73},[47,97152,78],{"class":77},[47,97154,15601],{"class":81},[47,97156,123],{"class":77},[47,97158,97159,97161,97163,97165],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,97160,99],{"class":98},[47,97162,78],{"class":77},[47,97164,585],{"class":81},[47,97166,85],{"class":77},[47,97168,97169,97171,97173,97175,97177,97179],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,97170,99],{"class":98},[47,97172,78],{"class":77},[47,97174,116],{"class":73},[47,97176,78],{"class":77},[47,97178,585],{"class":81},[47,97180,123],{"class":77},[47,97182,97183,97185,97187,97189,97191,97193],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,97184,32087],{"class":98},[47,97186,78],{"class":77},[47,97188,6222],{"class":73},[47,97190,914],{"class":77},[47,97192,82030],{"class":24685},[47,97194,85],{"class":77},[20,97196,97197,97198,97200,97201,914],{},"Also remember that ",[15,97199,96126],{}," is not the same as adding items to a list. If you are working with lists instead, see ",[360,97202,52976],{"href":97203},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python",[33,97205,1762],{"id":1761},[373,97207,1776,97209,97211],{"id":97208},"does-setadd-return-a-new-set",[15,97210,96126],{}," return a new set?",[20,97213,97214,97215,914],{},"No. It changes the existing set and returns ",[15,97216,3713],{},[373,97218,97220],{"id":97219},"what-if-i-add-a-value-that-is-already-in-the-set","What if I add a value that is already in the set?",[20,97222,97223],{},"Nothing breaks. The set stays the same because sets keep only unique values.",[373,97225,97227],{"id":97226},"how-do-i-add-more-than-one-item-to-a-set","How do I add more than one item to a set?",[20,97229,165,97230,11025,97233,914],{},[15,97231,97232],{},"set.update()",[15,97234,96121],{},[373,97236,97238],{"id":97237},"can-i-add-a-list-to-a-set","Can I add a list to a set?",[20,97240,97241,97242,914],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so Python raises a ",[15,97243,2947],{},[33,97245,1825],{"id":1824},[185,97247,97248,97252,97257],{},[188,97249,97250],{},[360,97251,96246],{"href":96245},[188,97253,97254],{},[360,97255,97256],{"href":96249},"How to create a set in Python",[188,97258,97259],{},[360,97260,96732,97261,10673],{"href":96731},[15,97262,14888],{},[20,97264,97265,97266,97268],{},"Once you understand ",[15,97267,96121],{},", the next useful step is learning when to use a set, list, or another collection type so you can choose the right method for the task.",[1875,97270,97271],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":65,"depth":65,"links":97273},[97274,97275,97277,97278,97279,97280,97284,97288,97289,97290,97297],{"id":35,"depth":65,"text":36},{"id":96218,"depth":65,"text":97276},"What set.add() does",{"id":244,"depth":65,"text":245},{"id":11408,"depth":65,"text":11409},{"id":96461,"depth":65,"text":96462},{"id":96552,"depth":65,"text":97281,"children":97282},"add() vs update()",[97283],{"id":96712,"depth":88,"text":96713},{"id":1503,"depth":65,"text":1504,"children":97285},[97286,97287],{"id":96751,"depth":88,"text":96752},{"id":61696,"depth":88,"text":96808},{"id":96884,"depth":65,"text":96885},{"id":2774,"depth":65,"text":2775},{"id":1761,"depth":65,"text":1762,"children":97291},[97292,97294,97295,97296],{"id":97208,"depth":88,"text":97293},"Does set.add() return a new set?",{"id":97219,"depth":88,"text":97220},{"id":97226,"depth":88,"text":97227},{"id":97237,"depth":88,"text":97238},{"id":1824,"depth":65,"text":1825},"Master python set add method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method",{"title":96112,"description":97298},"reference\u002Fpython-set-add-method","9I9TzJ60fjl-DGg9PZdc1Vb3FA6ASoe34_STMZ7XW50",{"id":97305,"title":97306,"body":97307,"description":98476,"extension":1922,"meta":98477,"navigation":91,"path":98478,"seo":98479,"stem":98480,"__hash__":98481},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method.md","Python Set clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":97308,"toc":98443},[97309,97314,97320,97327,97372,97374,97385,97390,97395,97399,97413,97418,97420,97422,97437,97439,97453,97455,97457,97522,97524,97534,97536,97554,97560,97567,97572,97646,97648,97665,97671,97676,97747,97749,97776,97793,97796,97802,97804,97811,97815,97882,97884,97899,97902,97955,97957,97965,97977,97979,97983,97988,97990,98039,98041,98049,98051,98096,98098,98108,98114,98122,98135,98141,98143,98172,98174,98192,98196,98199,98230,98232,98250,98254,98329,98331,98347,98354,98356,98361,98366,98372,98375,98379,98387,98394,98402,98404,98440],[10,97310,96118,97312,11256],{"id":97311},"python-set-clear-method",[15,97313,11255],{},[20,97315,97316,97319],{},[15,97317,97318],{},"set.clear()"," removes all items from a set.",[20,97321,97322,97323,97326],{},"Use it when you want to empty a set ",[127,97324,97325],{},"without changing the variable itself",". This method changes the existing set in place, which is important when the same set is used in more than one place.",[38,97328,97330],{"className":40,"code":97329,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.clear()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97331,97332,97352,97362],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,97333,97334,97336,97338,97340,97342,97344,97346,97348,97350],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97335,3554],{"class":53},[47,97337,58],{"class":57},[47,97339,10423],{"class":77},[47,97341,665],{"class":61},[47,97343,668],{"class":77},[47,97345,671],{"class":61},[47,97347,668],{"class":77},[47,97349,676],{"class":61},[47,97351,9240],{"class":77},[47,97353,97354,97356,97358,97360],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,97355,3584],{"class":53},[47,97357,914],{"class":77},[47,97359,11317],{"class":81},[47,97361,8574],{"class":77},[47,97363,97364,97366,97368,97370],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,97365,99],{"class":98},[47,97367,78],{"class":77},[47,97369,3584],{"class":81},[47,97371,85],{"class":77},[20,97373,129],{},[38,97375,97377],{"className":40,"code":97376,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"set()\n",[15,97378,97379],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,97380,97381,97383],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97382,6222],{"class":73},[47,97384,8574],{"class":77},[20,97386,97387,97389],{},[15,97388,11255],{}," removes all items from the set in place. It does not create a new set.",[33,97391,172,97393,175],{"id":97392},"what-setclear-does",[15,97394,97318],{},[20,97396,1939,97397,11347],{},[15,97398,11255],{},[185,97400,97401,97404,97406,97410],{},[188,97402,97403],{},"Removes every item from a set",[188,97405,96233],{},[188,97407,11358,97408],{},[15,97409,3713],{},[188,97411,97412],{},"Works on mutable set objects",[20,97414,96242,97415,71532],{},[360,97416,96246],{"href":97417},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained\u002F",[33,97419,245],{"id":244},[20,97421,54374],{},[38,97423,97425],{"className":40,"code":97424,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set.clear()\n",[15,97426,97427],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,97428,97429,97431,97433,97435],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97430,15601],{"class":53},[47,97432,914],{"class":77},[47,97434,11317],{"class":81},[47,97436,8574],{"class":77},[20,97438,12986],{},[185,97440,97441,97444,97447,97450],{},[188,97442,97443],{},"It takes no arguments",[188,97445,97446],{},"It empties the set",[188,97448,97449],{},"It keeps the same set variable",[188,97451,97452],{},"Use it when you want the set to stay the same object, but have no items in it",[33,97454,11409],{"id":11408},[20,97456,11412],{},[38,97458,97460],{"className":40,"code":97459,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = {\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"}\n\ncolors.clear()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,97461,97462,97494,97498,97508,97512],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,97463,97464,97466,97468,97470,97472,97474,97476,97478,97480,97482,97484,97486,97488,97490,97492],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97465,13010],{"class":53},[47,97467,58],{"class":57},[47,97469,10423],{"class":77},[47,97471,309],{"class":151},[47,97473,13027],{"class":155},[47,97475,309],{"class":151},[47,97477,668],{"class":77},[47,97479,303],{"class":151},[47,97481,17390],{"class":155},[47,97483,309],{"class":151},[47,97485,668],{"class":77},[47,97487,303],{"class":151},[47,97489,13044],{"class":155},[47,97491,309],{"class":151},[47,97493,9240],{"class":77},[47,97495,97496],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,97497,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,97499,97500,97502,97504,97506],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,97501,17437],{"class":53},[47,97503,914],{"class":77},[47,97505,11317],{"class":81},[47,97507,8574],{"class":77},[47,97509,97510],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,97511,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,97513,97514,97516,97518,97520],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,97515,99],{"class":98},[47,97517,78],{"class":77},[47,97519,17437],{"class":81},[47,97521,85],{"class":77},[20,97523,129],{},[38,97525,97526],{"className":40,"code":97376,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,97527,97528],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,97529,97530,97532],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97531,6222],{"class":73},[47,97533,8574],{"class":77},[20,97535,11617],{},[185,97537,97538,97543,97548],{},[188,97539,97540,97542],{},[15,97541,17437],{}," starts with three values",[188,97544,97545,11630],{},[15,97546,97547],{},"colors.clear()",[188,97549,97550,97551,97553],{},"Printing the set shows ",[15,97552,3732],{},", which means an empty set",[33,97555,97557,97559],{"id":97556},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-set",[15,97558,11255],{}," vs creating a new empty set",[20,97561,97562,4329,97564,97566],{},[15,97563,11255],{},[15,97565,3732],{}," can both give you an empty set, but they do not work the same way.",[373,97568,1335,97570],{"id":97569},"using-clear",[15,97571,11255],{},[38,97573,97575],{"className":40,"code":97574,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems.clear()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,97576,97577,97597,97607,97611,97621,97625,97635],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,97578,97579,97581,97583,97585,97587,97589,97591,97593,97595],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97580,657],{"class":53},[47,97582,58],{"class":57},[47,97584,10423],{"class":77},[47,97586,665],{"class":61},[47,97588,668],{"class":77},[47,97590,671],{"class":61},[47,97592,668],{"class":77},[47,97594,676],{"class":61},[47,97596,9240],{"class":77},[47,97598,97599,97602,97604],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,97600,97601],{"class":53},"other_name ",[47,97603,58],{"class":57},[47,97605,97606],{"class":53}," items\n",[47,97608,97609],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,97610,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,97612,97613,97615,97617,97619],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,97614,692],{"class":53},[47,97616,914],{"class":77},[47,97618,11317],{"class":81},[47,97620,8574],{"class":77},[47,97622,97623],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,97624,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,97626,97627,97629,97631,97633],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,97628,99],{"class":98},[47,97630,78],{"class":77},[47,97632,692],{"class":81},[47,97634,85],{"class":77},[47,97636,97637,97639,97641,97644],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,97638,99],{"class":98},[47,97640,78],{"class":77},[47,97642,97643],{"class":81},"other_name",[47,97645,85],{"class":77},[20,97647,129],{},[38,97649,97651],{"className":40,"code":97650,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"set()\nset()\n",[15,97652,97653,97659],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,97654,97655,97657],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97656,6222],{"class":73},[47,97658,8574],{"class":77},[47,97660,97661,97663],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,97662,6222],{"class":73},[47,97664,8574],{"class":77},[20,97666,97667,97668,914],{},"Both variables now show an empty set because they refer to the ",[127,97669,97670],{},"same set object",[373,97672,1335,97674],{"id":97673},"using-set",[15,97675,3732],{},[38,97677,97679],{"className":40,"code":97678,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems = set()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,97680,97681,97701,97709,97713,97723,97727,97737],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,97682,97683,97685,97687,97689,97691,97693,97695,97697,97699],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97684,657],{"class":53},[47,97686,58],{"class":57},[47,97688,10423],{"class":77},[47,97690,665],{"class":61},[47,97692,668],{"class":77},[47,97694,671],{"class":61},[47,97696,668],{"class":77},[47,97698,676],{"class":61},[47,97700,9240],{"class":77},[47,97702,97703,97705,97707],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,97704,97601],{"class":53},[47,97706,58],{"class":57},[47,97708,97606],{"class":53},[47,97710,97711],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,97712,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,97714,97715,97717,97719,97721],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,97716,657],{"class":53},[47,97718,58],{"class":57},[47,97720,15568],{"class":73},[47,97722,8574],{"class":77},[47,97724,97725],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,97726,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,97728,97729,97731,97733,97735],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,97730,99],{"class":98},[47,97732,78],{"class":77},[47,97734,692],{"class":81},[47,97736,85],{"class":77},[47,97738,97739,97741,97743,97745],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,97740,99],{"class":98},[47,97742,78],{"class":77},[47,97744,97643],{"class":81},[47,97746,85],{"class":77},[20,97748,129],{},[38,97750,97752],{"className":40,"code":97751,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"set()\n{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,97753,97754,97760],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,97755,97756,97758],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97757,6222],{"class":73},[47,97759,8574],{"class":77},[47,97761,97762,97764,97766,97768,97770,97772,97774],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,97763,9211],{"class":77},[47,97765,665],{"class":61},[47,97767,668],{"class":77},[47,97769,671],{"class":61},[47,97771,668],{"class":77},[47,97773,676],{"class":61},[47,97775,9240],{"class":77},[20,97777,267,97778,93011,97781,97784,97785,914,97787,97789,97790,97792],{},[15,97779,97780],{},"items = set()",[127,97782,97783],{},"new empty set object"," and assigns it to ",[15,97786,692],{},[9778,97788],{},"\nBut ",[15,97791,97643],{}," still points to the original set.",[20,97794,97795],{},"This difference matters when more than one variable refers to the same set.",[20,97797,97798,97799,914],{},"If you need help creating sets correctly, see ",[360,97800,96250],{"href":97801},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set\u002F",[33,97803,1504],{"id":1503},[20,97805,97806,13989,97808,97810],{},[15,97807,11255],{},[127,97809,768],{}," return the emptied set.",[20,97812,5080,97813,914],{},[15,97814,3713],{},[38,97816,97818],{"className":40,"code":97817,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97819,97820,97840,97844,97858,97862,97872],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,97821,97822,97824,97826,97828,97830,97832,97834,97836,97838],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97823,3554],{"class":53},[47,97825,58],{"class":57},[47,97827,10423],{"class":77},[47,97829,665],{"class":61},[47,97831,668],{"class":77},[47,97833,671],{"class":61},[47,97835,668],{"class":77},[47,97837,676],{"class":61},[47,97839,9240],{"class":77},[47,97841,97842],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,97843,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,97845,97846,97848,97850,97852,97854,97856],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,97847,2184],{"class":53},[47,97849,58],{"class":57},[47,97851,4198],{"class":53},[47,97853,914],{"class":77},[47,97855,11317],{"class":81},[47,97857,8574],{"class":77},[47,97859,97860],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,97861,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,97863,97864,97866,97868,97870],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,97865,99],{"class":98},[47,97867,78],{"class":77},[47,97869,2218],{"class":81},[47,97871,85],{"class":77},[47,97873,97874,97876,97878,97880],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,97875,99],{"class":98},[47,97877,78],{"class":77},[47,97879,3584],{"class":81},[47,97881,85],{"class":77},[20,97883,129],{},[38,97885,97887],{"className":40,"code":97886,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"None\nset()\n",[15,97888,97889,97893],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,97890,97891],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97892,11742],{"class":571},[47,97894,97895,97897],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,97896,6222],{"class":73},[47,97898,8574],{"class":77},[20,97900,97901],{},"Do not do this:",[38,97903,97905],{"className":40,"code":97904,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97906,97907,97927,97941,97945],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,97908,97909,97911,97913,97915,97917,97919,97921,97923,97925],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97910,3554],{"class":53},[47,97912,58],{"class":57},[47,97914,10423],{"class":77},[47,97916,665],{"class":61},[47,97918,668],{"class":77},[47,97920,671],{"class":61},[47,97922,668],{"class":77},[47,97924,676],{"class":61},[47,97926,9240],{"class":77},[47,97928,97929,97931,97933,97935,97937,97939],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,97930,3554],{"class":53},[47,97932,58],{"class":57},[47,97934,4198],{"class":53},[47,97936,914],{"class":77},[47,97938,11317],{"class":81},[47,97940,8574],{"class":77},[47,97942,97943],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,97944,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,97946,97947,97949,97951,97953],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,97948,99],{"class":98},[47,97950,78],{"class":77},[47,97952,3584],{"class":81},[47,97954,85],{"class":77},[20,97956,129],{},[38,97958,97959],{"className":40,"code":11742,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,97960,97961],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,97962,97963],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97964,11742],{"class":571},[20,97966,22123,97967,2346,97969,97971,97972,97974,97975,914],{},[15,97968,54487],{},[15,97970,3713],{},", and then you assign that ",[15,97973,3713],{}," back to ",[15,97976,3584],{},[33,97978,1131],{"id":1130},[20,97980,10680,97981,914],{},[15,97982,97318],{},[373,97984,12528,97986],{"id":97985},"assigning-the-result-of-clear",[15,97987,11255],{},[20,97989,16579],{},[38,97991,97993],{"className":40,"code":97992,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,97994,97995,98015,98029],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,97996,97997,97999,98001,98003,98005,98007,98009,98011,98013],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97998,15563],{"class":53},[47,98000,58],{"class":57},[47,98002,10423],{"class":77},[47,98004,665],{"class":61},[47,98006,668],{"class":77},[47,98008,671],{"class":61},[47,98010,668],{"class":77},[47,98012,676],{"class":61},[47,98014,9240],{"class":77},[47,98016,98017,98019,98021,98023,98025,98027],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,98018,15563],{"class":53},[47,98020,58],{"class":57},[47,98022,96842],{"class":53},[47,98024,914],{"class":77},[47,98026,11317],{"class":81},[47,98028,8574],{"class":77},[47,98030,98031,98033,98035,98037],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,98032,99],{"class":98},[47,98034,78],{"class":77},[47,98036,15601],{"class":81},[47,98038,85],{"class":77},[20,98040,129],{},[38,98042,98043],{"className":40,"code":11742,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,98044,98045],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,98046,98047],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98048,11742],{"class":571},[20,98050,16591],{},[38,98052,98054],{"className":40,"code":98053,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,98055,98056,98076,98086],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,98057,98058,98060,98062,98064,98066,98068,98070,98072,98074],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98059,15563],{"class":53},[47,98061,58],{"class":57},[47,98063,10423],{"class":77},[47,98065,665],{"class":61},[47,98067,668],{"class":77},[47,98069,671],{"class":61},[47,98071,668],{"class":77},[47,98073,676],{"class":61},[47,98075,9240],{"class":77},[47,98077,98078,98080,98082,98084],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,98079,15601],{"class":53},[47,98081,914],{"class":77},[47,98083,11317],{"class":81},[47,98085,8574],{"class":77},[47,98087,98088,98090,98092,98094],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,98089,99],{"class":98},[47,98091,78],{"class":77},[47,98093,15601],{"class":81},[47,98095,85],{"class":77},[20,98097,129],{},[38,98099,98100],{"className":40,"code":97376,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,98101,98102],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,98103,98104,98106],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98105,6222],{"class":73},[47,98107,8574],{"class":77},[373,98109,1400,98111,98113],{"id":98110},"expecting-clear-to-remove-only-one-item",[15,98112,11255],{}," to remove only one item",[20,98115,98116,98118,98119,98121],{},[15,98117,11255],{}," removes ",[127,98120,3650],{}," items from the set.",[20,98123,98124,98125,1389,98130,914],{},"If you want to remove a single value, use methods like ",[360,98126,98128],{"href":98127},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method\u002F",[15,98129,55456],{},[360,98131,98133],{"href":98132},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method\u002F",[15,98134,12696],{},[373,98136,1335,98138,98140],{"id":98137},"using-for-an-empty-set",[15,98139,3727],{}," for an empty set",[20,98142,25624],{},[38,98144,98146],{"className":40,"code":98145,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"empty_value = {}\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,98147,98148,98157],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,98149,98150,98153,98155],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98151,98152],{"class":53},"empty_value ",[47,98154,58],{"class":57},[47,98156,9770],{"class":77},[47,98158,98159,98161,98163,98165,98167,98170],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,98160,99],{"class":98},[47,98162,78],{"class":77},[47,98164,116],{"class":73},[47,98166,78],{"class":77},[47,98168,98169],{"class":81},"empty_value",[47,98171,123],{"class":77},[20,98173,129],{},[38,98175,98176],{"className":40,"code":8740,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,98177,98178],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,98179,98180,98182,98184,98186,98188,98190],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98181,144],{"class":57},[47,98183,148],{"class":147},[47,98185,152],{"class":151},[47,98187,8753],{"class":155},[47,98189,159],{"class":151},[47,98191,162],{"class":57},[20,98193,98194,8720],{},[15,98195,3727],{},[20,98197,98198],{},"To create an empty set, use:",[38,98200,98202],{"className":40,"code":98201,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"empty_set = set()\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,98203,98204,98215],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,98205,98206,98209,98211,98213],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98207,98208],{"class":53},"empty_set ",[47,98210,58],{"class":57},[47,98212,15568],{"class":73},[47,98214,8574],{"class":77},[47,98216,98217,98219,98221,98223,98225,98228],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,98218,99],{"class":98},[47,98220,78],{"class":77},[47,98222,116],{"class":73},[47,98224,78],{"class":77},[47,98226,98227],{"class":81},"empty_set",[47,98229,123],{"class":77},[20,98231,129],{},[38,98233,98234],{"className":40,"code":8784,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,98235,98236],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,98237,98238,98240,98242,98244,98246,98248],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98239,144],{"class":57},[47,98241,148],{"class":147},[47,98243,152],{"class":151},[47,98245,6222],{"class":155},[47,98247,159],{"class":151},[47,98249,162],{"class":57},[373,98251,98253],{"id":98252},"not-realizing-another-variable-points-to-the-same-set","Not realizing another variable points to the same set",[38,98255,98257],{"className":40,"code":98256,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {\"x\", \"y\"}\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\n",[15,98258,98259,98283,98291,98295,98305,98309,98319],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,98260,98261,98263,98265,98267,98269,98271,98273,98275,98277,98279,98281],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98262,2501],{"class":53},[47,98264,58],{"class":57},[47,98266,10423],{"class":77},[47,98268,309],{"class":151},[47,98270,2131],{"class":155},[47,98272,309],{"class":151},[47,98274,668],{"class":77},[47,98276,303],{"class":151},[47,98278,11679],{"class":155},[47,98280,309],{"class":151},[47,98282,9240],{"class":77},[47,98284,98285,98287,98289],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,98286,2529],{"class":53},[47,98288,58],{"class":57},[47,98290,36109],{"class":53},[47,98292,98293],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,98294,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,98296,98297,98299,98301,98303],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,98298,360],{"class":53},[47,98300,914],{"class":77},[47,98302,11317],{"class":81},[47,98304,8574],{"class":77},[47,98306,98307],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,98308,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,98310,98311,98313,98315,98317],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,98312,99],{"class":98},[47,98314,78],{"class":77},[47,98316,360],{"class":81},[47,98318,85],{"class":77},[47,98320,98321,98323,98325,98327],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,98322,99],{"class":98},[47,98324,78],{"class":77},[47,98326,4696],{"class":81},[47,98328,85],{"class":77},[20,98330,129],{},[38,98332,98333],{"className":40,"code":97650,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,98334,98335,98341],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,98336,98337,98339],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98338,6222],{"class":73},[47,98340,8574],{"class":77},[47,98342,98343,98345],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,98344,6222],{"class":73},[47,98346,8574],{"class":77},[20,98348,28995,98349,4329,98351,98353],{},[15,98350,360],{},[15,98352,4696],{}," refer to the same set, clearing one affects both.",[33,98355,1762],{"id":1761},[373,98357,1766,98359,1769],{"id":98358},"what-does-setclear-return-in-python",[15,98360,97318],{},[20,98362,5080,98363,98365],{},[15,98364,3713],{},". It empties the set in place.",[373,98367,1776,98369,98371],{"id":98368},"does-clear-delete-the-set-variable",[15,98370,11255],{}," delete the set variable?",[20,98373,98374],{},"No. The variable still exists, but the set becomes empty.",[373,98376,98378],{"id":98377},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-set-after-clearing","How do I create an empty set after clearing?",[20,98380,98381,98382,98384,98385,914],{},"You already have one after ",[15,98383,11255],{},". Printing it shows ",[15,98386,3732],{},[373,98388,5111,98390,4329,98392,1812],{"id":98389},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-set",[15,98391,11255],{},[15,98393,3732],{},[20,98395,98396,98398,98399,98401],{},[15,98397,11255],{}," empties the existing set object. ",[15,98400,3732],{}," creates a new empty set object.",[33,98403,1825],{"id":1824},[185,98405,98406,98410,98414,98421,98427,98433],{},[188,98407,98408],{},[360,98409,96246],{"href":97417},[188,98411,98412],{},[360,98413,97256],{"href":97801},[188,98415,98416],{},[360,98417,96732,98419,10673],{"href":98418},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method\u002F",[15,98420,96121],{},[188,98422,98423],{},[360,98424,96732,98425,10673],{"href":98127},[15,98426,55456],{},[188,98428,98429],{},[360,98430,96732,98431,10673],{"href":98132},[15,98432,12696],{},[188,98434,98435],{},[360,98436,96732,98438,10673],{"href":98437},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method\u002F",[15,98439,14888],{},[1875,98441,98442],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":65,"depth":65,"links":98444},[98445,98447,98448,98449,98456,98457,98466,98475],{"id":97392,"depth":65,"text":98446},"What set.clear() does",{"id":244,"depth":65,"text":245},{"id":11408,"depth":65,"text":11409},{"id":97556,"depth":65,"text":98450,"children":98451},"clear() vs creating a new empty set",[98452,98454],{"id":97569,"depth":88,"text":98453},"Using clear()",{"id":97673,"depth":88,"text":98455},"Using set()",{"id":1503,"depth":65,"text":1504},{"id":1130,"depth":65,"text":1131,"children":98458},[98459,98461,98463,98465],{"id":97985,"depth":88,"text":98460},"Assigning the result of clear()",{"id":98110,"depth":88,"text":98462},"Expecting clear() to remove only one item",{"id":98137,"depth":88,"text":98464},"Using {} for an empty set",{"id":98252,"depth":88,"text":98253},{"id":1761,"depth":65,"text":1762,"children":98467},[98468,98470,98472,98473],{"id":98358,"depth":88,"text":98469},"What does set.clear() return in Python?",{"id":98368,"depth":88,"text":98471},"Does clear() delete the set variable?",{"id":98377,"depth":88,"text":98378},{"id":98389,"depth":88,"text":98474},"What is the difference between clear() and set()?",{"id":1824,"depth":65,"text":1825},"Master python set clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method",{"title":97306,"description":98476},"reference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method","an3xypUqNVPwtX2yUs0k-KfEaD7q5bOcJq4_cTEG7TM",{"id":98483,"title":98484,"body":98485,"description":100317,"extension":1922,"meta":100318,"navigation":91,"path":96249,"seo":100319,"stem":100320,"__hash__":100321},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set.md","Python Set: Creating a Set",{"type":7,"value":98486,"toc":100274},[98487,98490,98493,98496,98498,98601,98605,98652,98658,98660,98679,98683,98686,98688,98702,98711,98715,98718,98753,98757,98777,98780,98784,98787,98848,98852,98877,98884,98890,98895,98897,98909,98913,98962,98966,98990,98997,99001,99042,99046,99067,99071,99104,99108,99149,99152,99156,99161,99200,99204,99229,99234,99240,99277,99281,99304,99308,99310,99313,99316,99393,99397,99434,99437,99441,99447,99450,99460,99509,99515,99521,99548,99551,99573,99575,99606,99609,99613,99617,99656,99660,99723,99726,99759,99763,99788,99790,99793,99799,99802,99829,99832,99850,99854,99858,99861,99904,99907,99911,99914,99917,99947,99950,99954,99957,99972,99977,99981,99984,100073,100075,100078,100168,100171,100189,100191,100195,100205,100209,100217,100221,100224,100228,100231,100235,100238,100240,100268,100271],[10,98488,98484],{"id":98489},"python-set-creating-a-set",[20,98491,98492],{},"This page shows how to create sets in Python, which syntax to use, and what happens with duplicates and empty sets.",[20,98494,98495],{},"A set is useful when you want a collection of unique values. Unlike a list, a set does not keep duplicate items.",[33,98497,3544],{"id":3543},[38,98499,98501],{"className":40,"code":98500,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nwords = set([\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\"])\nempty_set = set()\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(words)\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,98502,98503,98523,98557,98567,98571,98581,98591],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,98504,98505,98507,98509,98511,98513,98515,98517,98519,98521],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98506,3554],{"class":53},[47,98508,58],{"class":57},[47,98510,10423],{"class":77},[47,98512,665],{"class":61},[47,98514,668],{"class":77},[47,98516,671],{"class":61},[47,98518,668],{"class":77},[47,98520,676],{"class":61},[47,98522,9240],{"class":77},[47,98524,98525,98527,98529,98531,98533,98535,98537,98539,98541,98543,98545,98547,98549,98551,98553,98555],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,98526,4006],{"class":53},[47,98528,58],{"class":57},[47,98530,15568],{"class":73},[47,98532,2928],{"class":77},[47,98534,309],{"class":151},[47,98536,1425],{"class":155},[47,98538,309],{"class":151},[47,98540,668],{"class":77},[47,98542,303],{"class":151},[47,98544,1434],{"class":155},[47,98546,309],{"class":151},[47,98548,668],{"class":77},[47,98550,303],{"class":151},[47,98552,1425],{"class":155},[47,98554,309],{"class":151},[47,98556,3825],{"class":77},[47,98558,98559,98561,98563,98565],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,98560,98208],{"class":53},[47,98562,58],{"class":57},[47,98564,15568],{"class":73},[47,98566,8574],{"class":77},[47,98568,98569],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,98570,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,98572,98573,98575,98577,98579],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,98574,99],{"class":98},[47,98576,78],{"class":77},[47,98578,3584],{"class":81},[47,98580,85],{"class":77},[47,98582,98583,98585,98587,98589],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,98584,99],{"class":98},[47,98586,78],{"class":77},[47,98588,4048],{"class":81},[47,98590,85],{"class":77},[47,98592,98593,98595,98597,98599],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,98594,99],{"class":98},[47,98596,78],{"class":77},[47,98598,98227],{"class":81},[47,98600,85],{"class":77},[20,98602,98603],{},[127,98604,129],{},[38,98606,98608],{"className":40,"code":98607,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 2, 3}\n{'banana', 'apple'}\nset()\n",[15,98609,98610,98626,98646],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,98611,98612,98614,98616,98618,98620,98622,98624],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98613,9211],{"class":77},[47,98615,665],{"class":61},[47,98617,668],{"class":77},[47,98619,671],{"class":61},[47,98621,668],{"class":77},[47,98623,676],{"class":61},[47,98625,9240],{"class":77},[47,98627,98628,98630,98632,98634,98636,98638,98640,98642,98644],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,98629,9211],{"class":77},[47,98631,159],{"class":151},[47,98633,1434],{"class":155},[47,98635,159],{"class":151},[47,98637,668],{"class":77},[47,98639,152],{"class":151},[47,98641,1425],{"class":155},[47,98643,159],{"class":151},[47,98645,9240],{"class":77},[47,98647,98648,98650],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,98649,6222],{"class":73},[47,98651,8574],{"class":77},[20,98653,98654,98655,98657],{},"Use curly braces with values for a non-empty set. Use ",[15,98656,3732],{}," for an empty set.",[33,98659,15097],{"id":15096},[185,98661,98662,98665,98670,98673,98676],{},[188,98663,98664],{},"How to create a set with curly braces",[188,98666,98667,98668],{},"How to create a set with ",[15,98669,3732],{},[188,98671,98672],{},"How to create an empty set correctly",[188,98674,98675],{},"What happens to duplicate values",[188,98677,98678],{},"How set creation differs from list, tuple, and dictionary creation",[33,98680,98682],{"id":98681},"what-a-set-is","What a set is",[20,98684,98685],{},"A set is a collection of unique values.",[20,98687,30474],{},[185,98689,98690,98693,98696,98699],{},[188,98691,98692],{},"Sets do not keep duplicate items",[188,98694,98695],{},"Sets are unordered",[188,98697,98698],{},"Sets do not use positions like list indexes",[188,98700,98701],{},"Sets are useful when you only care whether a value exists",[20,98703,98704,98705,1389,98707,914],{},"If you want a full beginner explanation, see ",[360,98706,96246],{"href":97417},[360,98708,98710],{"href":98709},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-set-in-python\u002F","what is a set in Python",[33,98712,98714],{"id":98713},"create-a-set-with-curly-braces","Create a set with curly braces",[20,98716,98717],{},"Use curly braces with comma-separated values to create a non-empty set.",[38,98719,98721],{"className":40,"code":98720,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98722,98723,98743],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,98724,98725,98727,98729,98731,98733,98735,98737,98739,98741],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98726,3554],{"class":53},[47,98728,58],{"class":57},[47,98730,10423],{"class":77},[47,98732,665],{"class":61},[47,98734,668],{"class":77},[47,98736,671],{"class":61},[47,98738,668],{"class":77},[47,98740,676],{"class":61},[47,98742,9240],{"class":77},[47,98744,98745,98747,98749,98751],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,98746,99],{"class":98},[47,98748,78],{"class":77},[47,98750,3584],{"class":81},[47,98752,85],{"class":77},[20,98754,98755],{},[127,98756,29964],{},[38,98758,98759],{"className":40,"code":96525,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,98760,98761],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,98762,98763,98765,98767,98769,98771,98773,98775],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98764,9211],{"class":77},[47,98766,665],{"class":61},[47,98768,668],{"class":77},[47,98770,671],{"class":61},[47,98772,668],{"class":77},[47,98774,676],{"class":61},[47,98776,9240],{"class":77},[20,98778,98779],{},"This is the shortest way to create a set when you already know the values.",[373,98781,98783],{"id":98782},"duplicates-are-removed-automatically","Duplicates are removed automatically",[20,98785,98786],{},"If you repeat a value, Python keeps only one copy.",[38,98788,98790],{"className":40,"code":98789,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3}\nprint(numbers)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,98791,98792,98824,98834],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,98793,98794,98796,98798,98800,98802,98804,98806,98808,98810,98812,98814,98816,98818,98820,98822],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98795,3554],{"class":53},[47,98797,58],{"class":57},[47,98799,10423],{"class":77},[47,98801,665],{"class":61},[47,98803,668],{"class":77},[47,98805,671],{"class":61},[47,98807,668],{"class":77},[47,98809,671],{"class":61},[47,98811,668],{"class":77},[47,98813,676],{"class":61},[47,98815,668],{"class":77},[47,98817,676],{"class":61},[47,98819,668],{"class":77},[47,98821,676],{"class":61},[47,98823,9240],{"class":77},[47,98825,98826,98828,98830,98832],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,98827,99],{"class":98},[47,98829,78],{"class":77},[47,98831,3584],{"class":81},[47,98833,85],{"class":77},[47,98835,98836,98838,98840,98842,98844,98846],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,98837,99],{"class":98},[47,98839,78],{"class":77},[47,98841,11095],{"class":98},[47,98843,78],{"class":77},[47,98845,3584],{"class":81},[47,98847,123],{"class":77},[20,98849,98850],{},[127,98851,29964],{},[38,98853,98855],{"className":40,"code":98854,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 2, 3}\n3\n",[15,98856,98857,98873],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,98858,98859,98861,98863,98865,98867,98869,98871],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98860,9211],{"class":77},[47,98862,665],{"class":61},[47,98864,668],{"class":77},[47,98866,671],{"class":61},[47,98868,668],{"class":77},[47,98870,676],{"class":61},[47,98872,9240],{"class":77},[47,98874,98875],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,98876,46544],{"class":61},[20,98878,20913,98879,4329,98881,98883],{},[15,98880,2016],{},[15,98882,2021],{}," appeared more than once, the set stores each value only once.",[33,98885,98887,98888],{"id":98886},"create-a-set-with-set","Create a set with ",[15,98889,3732],{},[20,98891,165,98892,98894],{},[15,98893,3732],{}," when you want to build a set from another iterable.",[20,98896,5390],{},[185,98898,98899,98901,98903,98905],{},[188,98900,97005],{},[188,98902,96301],{},[188,98904,56392],{},[188,98906,98907],{},[15,98908,36132],{},[373,98910,98912],{"id":98911},"create-a-set-from-a-list","Create a set from a list",[38,98914,98916],{"className":40,"code":98915,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = set([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98917,98918,98952],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,98919,98920,98922,98924,98926,98928,98930,98932,98934,98936,98938,98940,98942,98944,98946,98948,98950],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98921,3554],{"class":53},[47,98923,58],{"class":57},[47,98925,15568],{"class":73},[47,98927,2928],{"class":77},[47,98929,665],{"class":61},[47,98931,668],{"class":77},[47,98933,671],{"class":61},[47,98935,668],{"class":77},[47,98937,671],{"class":61},[47,98939,668],{"class":77},[47,98941,676],{"class":61},[47,98943,668],{"class":77},[47,98945,676],{"class":61},[47,98947,668],{"class":77},[47,98949,2404],{"class":61},[47,98951,3825],{"class":77},[47,98953,98954,98956,98958,98960],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,98955,99],{"class":98},[47,98957,78],{"class":77},[47,98959,3584],{"class":81},[47,98961,85],{"class":77},[20,98963,98964],{},[127,98965,29964],{},[38,98967,98968],{"className":40,"code":96188,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,98969,98970],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,98971,98972,98974,98976,98978,98980,98982,98984,98986,98988],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98973,9211],{"class":77},[47,98975,665],{"class":61},[47,98977,668],{"class":77},[47,98979,671],{"class":61},[47,98981,668],{"class":77},[47,98983,676],{"class":61},[47,98985,668],{"class":77},[47,98987,2404],{"class":61},[47,98989,9240],{"class":77},[20,98991,98992,98993,914],{},"This is a common way to remove duplicates from a list. For a full task-based example, see ",[360,98994,98996],{"href":98995},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[373,98998,99000],{"id":98999},"create-a-set-from-a-tuple","Create a set from a tuple",[38,99002,99004],{"className":40,"code":99003,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = set((10, 20, 20, 30))\nprint(values)\n",[15,99005,99006,99032],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99007,99008,99010,99012,99014,99016,99018,99020,99022,99024,99026,99028,99030],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99009,3758],{"class":53},[47,99011,58],{"class":57},[47,99013,15568],{"class":73},[47,99015,5444],{"class":77},[47,99017,193],{"class":61},[47,99019,668],{"class":77},[47,99021,7722],{"class":61},[47,99023,668],{"class":77},[47,99025,7722],{"class":61},[47,99027,668],{"class":77},[47,99029,7727],{"class":61},[47,99031,123],{"class":77},[47,99033,99034,99036,99038,99040],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,99035,99],{"class":98},[47,99037,78],{"class":77},[47,99039,5291],{"class":81},[47,99041,85],{"class":77},[20,99043,99044],{},[127,99045,29964],{},[38,99047,99049],{"className":40,"code":99048,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{10, 20, 30}\n",[15,99050,99051],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99052,99053,99055,99057,99059,99061,99063,99065],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99054,9211],{"class":77},[47,99056,193],{"class":61},[47,99058,668],{"class":77},[47,99060,7722],{"class":61},[47,99062,668],{"class":77},[47,99064,7727],{"class":61},[47,99066,9240],{"class":77},[373,99068,99070],{"id":99069},"create-a-set-from-a-string","Create a set from a string",[38,99072,99074],{"className":40,"code":99073,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = set(\"hello\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,99075,99076,99094],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99077,99078,99080,99082,99084,99086,99088,99090,99092],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99079,36024],{"class":53},[47,99081,58],{"class":57},[47,99083,15568],{"class":73},[47,99085,78],{"class":77},[47,99087,309],{"class":151},[47,99089,3781],{"class":155},[47,99091,309],{"class":151},[47,99093,85],{"class":77},[47,99095,99096,99098,99100,99102],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,99097,99],{"class":98},[47,99099,78],{"class":77},[47,99101,36077],{"class":81},[47,99103,85],{"class":77},[20,99105,99106],{},[127,99107,29964],{},[38,99109,99111],{"className":40,"code":99110,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n",[15,99112,99113],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99114,99115,99117,99119,99121,99123,99125,99127,99129,99131,99133,99135,99137,99139,99141,99143,99145,99147],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99116,9211],{"class":77},[47,99118,159],{"class":151},[47,99120,60366],{"class":155},[47,99122,159],{"class":151},[47,99124,668],{"class":77},[47,99126,152],{"class":151},[47,99128,60375],{"class":155},[47,99130,159],{"class":151},[47,99132,668],{"class":77},[47,99134,152],{"class":151},[47,99136,60384],{"class":155},[47,99138,159],{"class":151},[47,99140,668],{"class":77},[47,99142,152],{"class":151},[47,99144,60401],{"class":155},[47,99146,159],{"class":151},[47,99148,9240],{"class":77},[20,99150,99151],{},"The string is treated as an iterable of characters, so the set contains unique letters only.",[33,99153,99155],{"id":99154},"how-to-create-an-empty-set","How to create an empty set",[20,99157,99158,99159,914],{},"To create an empty set, use ",[15,99160,3732],{},[38,99162,99164],{"className":40,"code":99163,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,99165,99166,99176,99186],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99167,99168,99170,99172,99174],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99169,98208],{"class":53},[47,99171,58],{"class":57},[47,99173,15568],{"class":73},[47,99175,8574],{"class":77},[47,99177,99178,99180,99182,99184],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,99179,99],{"class":98},[47,99181,78],{"class":77},[47,99183,98227],{"class":81},[47,99185,85],{"class":77},[47,99187,99188,99190,99192,99194,99196,99198],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,99189,99],{"class":98},[47,99191,78],{"class":77},[47,99193,116],{"class":73},[47,99195,78],{"class":77},[47,99197,98227],{"class":81},[47,99199,123],{"class":77},[20,99201,99202],{},[127,99203,129],{},[38,99205,99207],{"className":40,"code":99206,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"set()\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,99208,99209,99215],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99210,99211,99213],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99212,6222],{"class":73},[47,99214,8574],{"class":77},[47,99216,99217,99219,99221,99223,99225,99227],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,99218,144],{"class":57},[47,99220,148],{"class":147},[47,99222,152],{"class":151},[47,99224,6222],{"class":155},[47,99226,159],{"class":151},[47,99228,162],{"class":57},[373,99230,44360,99232],{"id":99231},"do-not-use",[15,99233,3727],{},[20,99235,99236,99237,99239],{},"Empty braces do ",[127,99238,768],{}," create a set.",[38,99241,99243],{"className":40,"code":99242,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"empty_value = {}\nprint(empty_value)\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,99244,99245,99253,99263],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99246,99247,99249,99251],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99248,98152],{"class":53},[47,99250,58],{"class":57},[47,99252,9770],{"class":77},[47,99254,99255,99257,99259,99261],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,99256,99],{"class":98},[47,99258,78],{"class":77},[47,99260,98169],{"class":81},[47,99262,85],{"class":77},[47,99264,99265,99267,99269,99271,99273,99275],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,99266,99],{"class":98},[47,99268,78],{"class":77},[47,99270,116],{"class":73},[47,99272,78],{"class":77},[47,99274,98169],{"class":81},[47,99276,123],{"class":77},[20,99278,99279],{},[127,99280,129],{},[38,99282,99284],{"className":40,"code":99283,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,99285,99286,99290],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99287,99288],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99289,9366],{"class":77},[47,99291,99292,99294,99296,99298,99300,99302],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,99293,144],{"class":57},[47,99295,148],{"class":147},[47,99297,152],{"class":151},[47,99299,8753],{"class":155},[47,99301,159],{"class":151},[47,99303,162],{"class":57},[20,99305,99306,8720],{},[15,99307,3727],{},[33,99309,72196],{"id":72195},[20,99311,99312],{},"Sets store each value only once.",[20,99314,99315],{},"If the same value appears multiple times, Python removes the extra copies when the set is created.",[38,99317,99319],{"className":40,"code":99318,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"apple\", \"orange\"}\nprint(words)\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,99320,99321,99369,99379],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99322,99323,99325,99327,99329,99331,99333,99335,99337,99339,99341,99343,99345,99347,99349,99351,99353,99355,99357,99359,99361,99363,99365,99367],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99324,4006],{"class":53},[47,99326,58],{"class":57},[47,99328,10423],{"class":77},[47,99330,309],{"class":151},[47,99332,1425],{"class":155},[47,99334,309],{"class":151},[47,99336,668],{"class":77},[47,99338,303],{"class":151},[47,99340,1434],{"class":155},[47,99342,309],{"class":151},[47,99344,668],{"class":77},[47,99346,303],{"class":151},[47,99348,1425],{"class":155},[47,99350,309],{"class":151},[47,99352,668],{"class":77},[47,99354,303],{"class":151},[47,99356,1425],{"class":155},[47,99358,309],{"class":151},[47,99360,668],{"class":77},[47,99362,303],{"class":151},[47,99364,1443],{"class":155},[47,99366,309],{"class":151},[47,99368,9240],{"class":77},[47,99370,99371,99373,99375,99377],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,99372,99],{"class":98},[47,99374,78],{"class":77},[47,99376,4048],{"class":81},[47,99378,85],{"class":77},[47,99380,99381,99383,99385,99387,99389,99391],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,99382,99],{"class":98},[47,99384,78],{"class":77},[47,99386,11095],{"class":98},[47,99388,78],{"class":77},[47,99390,4048],{"class":81},[47,99392,123],{"class":77},[20,99394,99395],{},[127,99396,29964],{},[38,99398,99400],{"className":40,"code":99399,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n3\n",[15,99401,99402,99430],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99403,99404,99406,99408,99410,99412,99414,99416,99418,99420,99422,99424,99426,99428],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99405,9211],{"class":77},[47,99407,159],{"class":151},[47,99409,1434],{"class":155},[47,99411,159],{"class":151},[47,99413,668],{"class":77},[47,99415,152],{"class":151},[47,99417,1443],{"class":155},[47,99419,159],{"class":151},[47,99421,668],{"class":77},[47,99423,152],{"class":151},[47,99425,1425],{"class":155},[47,99427,159],{"class":151},[47,99429,9240],{"class":77},[47,99431,99432],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,99433,46544],{"class":61},[20,99435,99436],{},"This is why sets are helpful for cleaning repeated data.",[33,99438,99440],{"id":99439},"values-you-can-put-in-a-set","Values you can put in a set",[20,99442,99443,99444,99446],{},"Set items must be ",[127,99445,96289],{},". In simple terms, that means Python must be able to treat the value as stable and usable inside a set.",[20,99448,99449],{},"These usually work:",[185,99451,99452,99454,99456,99458],{},[188,99453,56389],{},[188,99455,56392],{},[188,99457,96301],{},[188,99459,40528],{},[38,99461,99463],{"className":40,"code":99462,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = {1, \"apple\", (10, 20), True}\nprint(values)\n",[15,99464,99465,99499],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99466,99467,99469,99471,99473,99475,99477,99479,99481,99483,99485,99487,99489,99491,99493,99495,99497],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99468,3758],{"class":53},[47,99470,58],{"class":57},[47,99472,10423],{"class":77},[47,99474,665],{"class":61},[47,99476,668],{"class":77},[47,99478,303],{"class":151},[47,99480,1425],{"class":155},[47,99482,309],{"class":151},[47,99484,668],{"class":77},[47,99486,9169],{"class":77},[47,99488,193],{"class":61},[47,99490,668],{"class":77},[47,99492,7722],{"class":61},[47,99494,9166],{"class":77},[47,99496,3852],{"class":571},[47,99498,9240],{"class":77},[47,99500,99501,99503,99505,99507],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,99502,99],{"class":98},[47,99504,78],{"class":77},[47,99506,5291],{"class":81},[47,99508,85],{"class":77},[20,99510,99511,99512,99514],{},"These do ",[127,99513,768],{}," work directly:",[185,99516,99517,99519],{},[188,99518,97005],{},[188,99520,97008],{},[38,99522,99524],{"className":40,"code":99523,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"bad_set = {[1, 2, 3]}\n",[15,99525,99526],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99527,99528,99531,99533,99536,99538,99540,99542,99544,99546],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99529,99530],{"class":53},"bad_set ",[47,99532,58],{"class":57},[47,99534,99535],{"class":77}," {[",[47,99537,665],{"class":61},[47,99539,668],{"class":77},[47,99541,671],{"class":61},[47,99543,668],{"class":77},[47,99545,676],{"class":61},[47,99547,13641],{"class":77},[20,99549,99550],{},"This raises an error:",[38,99552,99553],{"className":40,"code":97064,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,99554,99555],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99556,99557,99559,99561,99563,99565,99567,99569,99571],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99558,2947],{"class":73},[47,99560,2826],{"class":77},[47,99562,97075],{"class":53},[47,99564,116],{"class":73},[47,99566,2826],{"class":77},[47,99568,152],{"class":151},[47,99570,8025],{"class":155},[47,99572,29634],{"class":151},[20,99574,52006],{},[38,99576,99578],{"className":40,"code":99577,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"bad_set = {{\"name\": \"Sam\"}}\n",[15,99579,99580],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99581,99582,99584,99586,99589,99591,99593,99595,99597,99599,99601,99603],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99583,99530],{"class":53},[47,99585,58],{"class":57},[47,99587,99588],{"class":77}," {{",[47,99590,309],{"class":151},[47,99592,7601],{"class":155},[47,99594,309],{"class":151},[47,99596,2826],{"class":77},[47,99598,303],{"class":151},[47,99600,7610],{"class":155},[47,99602,309],{"class":151},[47,99604,99605],{"class":77},"}}\n",[20,99607,99608],{},"This also raises an error because dictionaries are unhashable.",[33,99610,99612],{"id":99611},"set-creation-examples-beginners-need","Set creation examples beginners need",[373,99614,99616],{"id":99615},"create-a-set-of-numbers","Create a set of numbers",[38,99618,99620],{"className":40,"code":99619,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99621,99622,99646],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99623,99624,99626,99628,99630,99632,99634,99636,99638,99640,99642,99644],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99625,3554],{"class":53},[47,99627,58],{"class":57},[47,99629,10423],{"class":77},[47,99631,665],{"class":61},[47,99633,668],{"class":77},[47,99635,671],{"class":61},[47,99637,668],{"class":77},[47,99639,676],{"class":61},[47,99641,668],{"class":77},[47,99643,2404],{"class":61},[47,99645,9240],{"class":77},[47,99647,99648,99650,99652,99654],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,99649,99],{"class":98},[47,99651,78],{"class":77},[47,99653,3584],{"class":81},[47,99655,85],{"class":77},[373,99657,99659],{"id":99658},"create-a-set-from-a-list-with-duplicates","Create a set from a list with duplicates",[38,99661,99663],{"className":40,"code":99662,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [1, 1, 2, 3, 3]\nunique_items = set(items)\n\nprint(unique_items)\n",[15,99664,99665,99693,99708,99712],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99666,99667,99669,99671,99673,99675,99677,99679,99681,99683,99685,99687,99689,99691],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99668,657],{"class":53},[47,99670,58],{"class":57},[47,99672,662],{"class":77},[47,99674,665],{"class":61},[47,99676,668],{"class":77},[47,99678,5431],{"class":61},[47,99680,668],{"class":77},[47,99682,671],{"class":61},[47,99684,668],{"class":77},[47,99686,676],{"class":61},[47,99688,668],{"class":77},[47,99690,676],{"class":61},[47,99692,679],{"class":77},[47,99694,99695,99698,99700,99702,99704,99706],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,99696,99697],{"class":53},"unique_items ",[47,99699,58],{"class":57},[47,99701,15568],{"class":73},[47,99703,78],{"class":77},[47,99705,692],{"class":81},[47,99707,85],{"class":77},[47,99709,99710],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,99711,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,99713,99714,99716,99718,99721],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,99715,99],{"class":98},[47,99717,78],{"class":77},[47,99719,99720],{"class":81},"unique_items",[47,99722,85],{"class":77},[373,99724,99070],{"id":99725},"create-a-set-from-a-string-1",[38,99727,99729],{"className":40,"code":99728,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = set(\"banana\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,99730,99731,99749],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99732,99733,99735,99737,99739,99741,99743,99745,99747],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99734,36024],{"class":53},[47,99736,58],{"class":57},[47,99738,15568],{"class":73},[47,99740,78],{"class":77},[47,99742,309],{"class":151},[47,99744,1434],{"class":155},[47,99746,309],{"class":151},[47,99748,85],{"class":77},[47,99750,99751,99753,99755,99757],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,99752,99],{"class":98},[47,99754,78],{"class":77},[47,99756,36077],{"class":81},[47,99758,85],{"class":77},[373,99760,99762],{"id":99761},"create-an-empty-set","Create an empty set",[38,99764,99766],{"className":40,"code":99765,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,99767,99768,99778],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99769,99770,99772,99774,99776],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99771,98208],{"class":53},[47,99773,58],{"class":57},[47,99775,15568],{"class":73},[47,99777,8574],{"class":77},[47,99779,99780,99782,99784,99786],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,99781,99],{"class":98},[47,99783,78],{"class":77},[47,99785,98227],{"class":81},[47,99787,85],{"class":77},[33,99789,2775],{"id":2774},[20,99791,99792],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating sets.",[373,99794,1335,99796,99798],{"id":99795},"using-and-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,99797,3727],{}," and expecting an empty set",[20,99800,99801],{},"This is one of the most common mistakes.",[38,99803,99805],{"className":40,"code":99804,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = {}\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,99806,99807,99815],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99808,99809,99811,99813],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99810,566],{"class":53},[47,99812,58],{"class":57},[47,99814,9770],{"class":77},[47,99816,99817,99819,99821,99823,99825,99827],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,99818,99],{"class":98},[47,99820,78],{"class":77},[47,99822,116],{"class":73},[47,99824,78],{"class":77},[47,99826,585],{"class":81},[47,99828,123],{"class":77},[20,99830,99831],{},"This prints:",[38,99833,99834],{"className":40,"code":8740,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,99835,99836],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99837,99838,99840,99842,99844,99846,99848],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99839,144],{"class":57},[47,99841,148],{"class":147},[47,99843,152],{"class":151},[47,99845,8753],{"class":155},[47,99847,159],{"class":151},[47,99849,162],{"class":57},[20,99851,165,99852,6565],{},[15,99853,3732],{},[373,99855,99857],{"id":99856},"forgetting-that-duplicate-values-are-removed","Forgetting that duplicate values are removed",[20,99859,99860],{},"If you create a set with repeated values, the duplicates disappear.",[38,99862,99864],{"className":40,"code":99863,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99865,99866,99894],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99867,99868,99870,99872,99874,99876,99878,99880,99882,99884,99886,99888,99890,99892],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99869,3554],{"class":53},[47,99871,58],{"class":57},[47,99873,10423],{"class":77},[47,99875,665],{"class":61},[47,99877,668],{"class":77},[47,99879,5431],{"class":61},[47,99881,668],{"class":77},[47,99883,671],{"class":61},[47,99885,668],{"class":77},[47,99887,671],{"class":61},[47,99889,668],{"class":77},[47,99891,676],{"class":61},[47,99893,9240],{"class":77},[47,99895,99896,99898,99900,99902],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,99897,99],{"class":98},[47,99899,78],{"class":77},[47,99901,3584],{"class":81},[47,99903,85],{"class":77},[20,99905,99906],{},"You will only get the unique values.",[373,99908,99910],{"id":99909},"expecting-set-items-to-stay-in-a-fixed-order","Expecting set items to stay in a fixed order",[20,99912,99913],{},"A set is unordered. You should not rely on item position.",[20,99915,99916],{},"This means code like this does not work:",[38,99918,99920],{"className":40,"code":99919,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {10, 20, 30}\n# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[15,99921,99922,99942],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99923,99924,99926,99928,99930,99932,99934,99936,99938,99940],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99925,3554],{"class":53},[47,99927,58],{"class":57},[47,99929,10423],{"class":77},[47,99931,193],{"class":61},[47,99933,668],{"class":77},[47,99935,7722],{"class":61},[47,99937,668],{"class":77},[47,99939,7727],{"class":61},[47,99941,9240],{"class":77},[47,99943,99944],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,99945,99946],{"class":1378},"# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[20,99948,99949],{},"If you need ordered items by position, use a list instead.",[373,99951,99953],{"id":99952},"trying-to-put-a-list-or-dictionary-inside-a-set","Trying to put a list or dictionary inside a set",[20,99955,99956],{},"Lists and dictionaries cannot be added directly to a set because they are unhashable.",[38,99958,99960],{"className":40,"code":99959,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[15,99961,99962,99967],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99963,99964],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99965,99966],{"class":1378},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n",[47,99968,99969],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,99970,99971],{"class":1378},"# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[20,99973,99974,99975,914],{},"Both examples would raise a ",[15,99976,2947],{},[373,99978,99980],{"id":99979},"confusing-set-creation-with-dictionary-creation","Confusing set creation with dictionary creation",[20,99982,99983],{},"These look similar, but they are different:",[38,99985,99987],{"className":40,"code":99986,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,99988,99989,100009,100041,100045,100059],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99990,99991,99993,99995,99997,99999,100001,100003,100005,100007],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99992,15563],{"class":53},[47,99994,58],{"class":57},[47,99996,10423],{"class":77},[47,99998,665],{"class":61},[47,100000,668],{"class":77},[47,100002,671],{"class":61},[47,100004,668],{"class":77},[47,100006,676],{"class":61},[47,100008,9240],{"class":77},[47,100010,100011,100013,100015,100017,100019,100021,100023,100025,100027,100029,100031,100033,100035,100037,100039],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,100012,11658],{"class":53},[47,100014,58],{"class":57},[47,100016,10423],{"class":77},[47,100018,309],{"class":151},[47,100020,360],{"class":155},[47,100022,309],{"class":151},[47,100024,2826],{"class":77},[47,100026,5431],{"class":61},[47,100028,668],{"class":77},[47,100030,303],{"class":151},[47,100032,4696],{"class":155},[47,100034,309],{"class":151},[47,100036,2826],{"class":77},[47,100038,671],{"class":61},[47,100040,9240],{"class":77},[47,100042,100043],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,100044,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,100046,100047,100049,100051,100053,100055,100057],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,100048,99],{"class":98},[47,100050,78],{"class":77},[47,100052,116],{"class":73},[47,100054,78],{"class":77},[47,100056,15601],{"class":81},[47,100058,123],{"class":77},[47,100060,100061,100063,100065,100067,100069,100071],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,100062,99],{"class":98},[47,100064,78],{"class":77},[47,100066,116],{"class":73},[47,100068,78],{"class":77},[47,100070,11384],{"class":81},[47,100072,123],{"class":77},[33,100074,92702],{"id":92701},[20,100076,100077],{},"If you are not sure what Python created, these quick checks help:",[38,100079,100081],{"className":40,"code":100080,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set = set([1, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint({})\nprint(set())\n",[15,100082,100083,100109,100113,100127,100137,100151,100158],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,100084,100085,100087,100089,100091,100093,100095,100097,100099,100101,100103,100105,100107],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,100086,15563],{"class":53},[47,100088,58],{"class":57},[47,100090,15568],{"class":73},[47,100092,2928],{"class":77},[47,100094,665],{"class":61},[47,100096,668],{"class":77},[47,100098,671],{"class":61},[47,100100,668],{"class":77},[47,100102,671],{"class":61},[47,100104,668],{"class":77},[47,100106,676],{"class":61},[47,100108,3825],{"class":77},[47,100110,100111],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,100112,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,100114,100115,100117,100119,100121,100123,100125],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,100116,99],{"class":98},[47,100118,78],{"class":77},[47,100120,116],{"class":73},[47,100122,78],{"class":77},[47,100124,15601],{"class":81},[47,100126,123],{"class":77},[47,100128,100129,100131,100133,100135],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,100130,99],{"class":98},[47,100132,78],{"class":77},[47,100134,15601],{"class":81},[47,100136,85],{"class":77},[47,100138,100139,100141,100143,100145,100147,100149],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,100140,99],{"class":98},[47,100142,78],{"class":77},[47,100144,11095],{"class":98},[47,100146,78],{"class":77},[47,100148,15601],{"class":81},[47,100150,123],{"class":77},[47,100152,100153,100155],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,100154,99],{"class":98},[47,100156,100157],{"class":77},"({})\n",[47,100159,100160,100162,100164,100166],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,100161,99],{"class":98},[47,100163,78],{"class":77},[47,100165,6222],{"class":73},[47,100167,7127],{"class":77},[20,100169,100170],{},"Use these to confirm:",[185,100172,100173,100176,100179,100182],{},[188,100174,100175],{},"The object type",[188,100177,100178],{},"The actual values stored",[188,100180,100181],{},"Whether duplicates were removed",[188,100183,100184,100185,4329,100187],{},"The difference between ",[15,100186,3727],{},[15,100188,3732],{},[33,100190,1762],{"id":1761},[373,100192,100194],{"id":100193},"how-do-you-create-a-set-in-python","How do you create a set in Python?",[20,100196,100197,100198,100201,100202,100204],{},"Use curly braces for a non-empty set, like ",[15,100199,100200],{},"{1, 2, 3}",", or use ",[15,100203,3732],{}," with another iterable.",[373,100206,100208],{"id":100207},"how-do-you-create-an-empty-set-in-python","How do you create an empty set in Python?",[20,100210,165,100211,100213,100214,100216],{},[15,100212,3732],{},". Empty braces ",[15,100215,3727],{}," create a dictionary, not a set.",[373,100218,100220],{"id":100219},"does-a-set-keep-duplicates","Does a set keep duplicates?",[20,100222,100223],{},"No. Python removes duplicate values automatically when the set is created.",[373,100225,100227],{"id":100226},"can-a-set-contain-a-list","Can a set contain a list?",[20,100229,100230],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so they cannot be stored inside a set.",[373,100232,100234],{"id":100233},"is-a-set-ordered-in-python","Is a set ordered in Python?",[20,100236,100237],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item position.",[33,100239,1825],{"id":1824},[185,100241,100242,100246,100252,100258,100263],{},[188,100243,100244],{},[360,100245,96246],{"href":97417},[188,100247,100248],{},[360,100249,13,100250,10673],{"href":98418},[15,100251,96126],{},[188,100253,100254],{},[360,100255,13,100256,10673],{"href":98437},[15,100257,97232],{},[188,100259,100260],{},[360,100261,100262],{"href":98995},"How to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[188,100264,100265],{},[360,100266,100267],{"href":98709},"What is a set in Python?",[20,100269,100270],{},"Next, learn how to add items to a set or use a set to remove duplicates from data.",[1875,100272,100273],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":65,"depth":65,"links":100275},[100276,100277,100278,100279,100282,100288,100292,100293,100294,100300,100308,100309,100316],{"id":3543,"depth":65,"text":3544},{"id":15096,"depth":65,"text":15097},{"id":98681,"depth":65,"text":98682},{"id":98713,"depth":65,"text":98714,"children":100280},[100281],{"id":98782,"depth":88,"text":98783},{"id":98886,"depth":65,"text":100283,"children":100284},"Create a set with set()",[100285,100286,100287],{"id":98911,"depth":88,"text":98912},{"id":98999,"depth":88,"text":99000},{"id":99069,"depth":88,"text":99070},{"id":99154,"depth":65,"text":99155,"children":100289},[100290],{"id":99231,"depth":88,"text":100291},"Do not use {}",{"id":72195,"depth":65,"text":72196},{"id":99439,"depth":65,"text":99440},{"id":99611,"depth":65,"text":99612,"children":100295},[100296,100297,100298,100299],{"id":99615,"depth":88,"text":99616},{"id":99658,"depth":88,"text":99659},{"id":99725,"depth":88,"text":99070},{"id":99761,"depth":88,"text":99762},{"id":2774,"depth":65,"text":2775,"children":100301},[100302,100304,100305,100306,100307],{"id":99795,"depth":88,"text":100303},"Using {} and expecting an empty set",{"id":99856,"depth":88,"text":99857},{"id":99909,"depth":88,"text":99910},{"id":99952,"depth":88,"text":99953},{"id":99979,"depth":88,"text":99980},{"id":92701,"depth":65,"text":92702},{"id":1761,"depth":65,"text":1762,"children":100310},[100311,100312,100313,100314,100315],{"id":100193,"depth":88,"text":100194},{"id":100207,"depth":88,"text":100208},{"id":100219,"depth":88,"text":100220},{"id":100226,"depth":88,"text":100227},{"id":100233,"depth":88,"text":100234},{"id":1824,"depth":65,"text":1825},"Master python set creating a set in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":98484,"description":100317},"reference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","F7KVZkLoMkGFL1kMVB2Scd2DlvV1I1oMzOpp-WRoVog",{"id":100323,"title":100324,"body":100325,"description":102756,"extension":1922,"meta":102757,"navigation":91,"path":102758,"seo":102759,"stem":102760,"__hash__":102761},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method.md","Python Set difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":100326,"toc":102721},[100327,100333,100339,100342,100344,100421,100423,100440,100450,100452,100457,100465,100467,100483,100487,100489,100491,100494,100515,100518,100542,100548,100550,100647,100649,100666,100676,100678,100680,100688,100690,100701,100703,100794,100796,100820,100831,100833,100835,100838,100968,100970,101043,101045,101066,101069,101071,101077,101082,101085,101212,101214,101231,101234,101236,101244,101247,101251,101259,101350,101352,101389,101394,101401,101478,101480,101496,101501,101506,101508,101517,101525,101606,101608,101637,101640,101644,101655,101658,101741,101743,101764,101770,101772,101774,101778,101782,101789,101854,101856,101876,101879,101948,101950,101966,101970,101976,101988,101996,101998,102083,102085,102114,102117,102121,102126,102128,102178,102181,102262,102264,102280,102284,102287,102362,102365,102369,102372,102449,102451,102484,102490,102494,102497,102632,102634,102648,102650,102652,102658,102661,102668,102676,102682,102685,102689,102692,102694,102696,102718],[10,100328,96118,100330,11256],{"id":100329},"python-set-difference-method",[15,100331,100332],{},"difference()",[20,100334,100335,100338],{},[15,100336,100337],{},"set.difference()"," returns the values that are in one set but not in another.",[20,100340,100341],{},"This is useful when you want to find items that exist in the first set and remove anything that also appears in one or more other sets.",[33,100343,3544],{"id":3543},[38,100345,100347],{"className":40,"code":100346,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\nresult = a.difference(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100348,100349,100373,100393,100411],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,100350,100351,100353,100355,100357,100359,100361,100363,100365,100367,100369,100371],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,100352,2501],{"class":53},[47,100354,58],{"class":57},[47,100356,10423],{"class":77},[47,100358,665],{"class":61},[47,100360,668],{"class":77},[47,100362,671],{"class":61},[47,100364,668],{"class":77},[47,100366,676],{"class":61},[47,100368,668],{"class":77},[47,100370,2404],{"class":61},[47,100372,9240],{"class":77},[47,100374,100375,100377,100379,100381,100383,100385,100387,100389,100391],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,100376,2529],{"class":53},[47,100378,58],{"class":57},[47,100380,10423],{"class":77},[47,100382,2021],{"class":61},[47,100384,668],{"class":77},[47,100386,2404],{"class":61},[47,100388,668],{"class":77},[47,100390,4540],{"class":61},[47,100392,9240],{"class":77},[47,100394,100395,100397,100399,100401,100403,100405,100407,100409],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,100396,2184],{"class":53},[47,100398,58],{"class":57},[47,100400,56815],{"class":53},[47,100402,914],{"class":77},[47,100404,2756],{"class":81},[47,100406,78],{"class":77},[47,100408,4696],{"class":81},[47,100410,85],{"class":77},[47,100412,100413,100415,100417,100419],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,100414,99],{"class":98},[47,100416,78],{"class":77},[47,100418,2218],{"class":81},[47,100420,85],{"class":77},[20,100422,129],{},[38,100424,100426],{"className":40,"code":100425,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 2}\n",[15,100427,100428],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,100429,100430,100432,100434,100436,100438],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,100431,9211],{"class":77},[47,100433,665],{"class":61},[47,100435,668],{"class":77},[47,100437,671],{"class":61},[47,100439,9240],{"class":77},[20,100441,100442,100444,100445,100447,100448,914],{},[15,100443,100332],{}," returns a new set with items from ",[15,100446,360],{}," that are not in ",[15,100449,4696],{},[44848,100451],{},[33,100453,172,100455,175],{"id":100454},"what-difference-does",[15,100456,100332],{},[20,100458,1939,100459,100461,100462,100464],{},[15,100460,100332],{}," method compares sets and keeps only the values from the first set that do ",[127,100463,768],{}," appear in the other set.",[20,100466,12986],{},[185,100468,100469,100474,100477,100480],{},[188,100470,100471,100473],{},[15,100472,100332],{}," returns items that are in the first set but not in the other set",[188,100475,100476],{},"It creates a new set",[188,100478,100479],{},"It does not change the original set",[188,100481,100482],{},"It is useful for finding removed, missing, or unique values",[20,100484,96242,100485,914],{},[360,100486,96246],{"href":97417},[44848,100488],{},[33,100490,245],{"id":244},[20,100492,100493],{},"Use this form:",[38,100495,100497],{"className":40,"code":100496,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"set1.difference(set2)\n",[15,100498,100499],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,100500,100501,100504,100506,100508,100510,100513],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,100502,100503],{"class":53},"set1",[47,100505,914],{"class":77},[47,100507,2756],{"class":81},[47,100509,78],{"class":77},[47,100511,100512],{"class":81},"set2",[47,100514,85],{"class":77},[20,100516,100517],{},"You can also compare against more than one set:",[38,100519,100521],{"className":40,"code":100520,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"set1.difference(set2, set3)\n",[15,100522,100523],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,100524,100525,100527,100529,100531,100533,100535,100537,100540],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,100526,100503],{"class":53},[47,100528,914],{"class":77},[47,100530,2756],{"class":81},[47,100532,78],{"class":77},[47,100534,100512],{"class":81},[47,100536,668],{"class":77},[47,100538,100539],{"class":81}," set3",[47,100541,85],{"class":77},[20,100543,100544,100545,100547],{},"In that case, Python removes any value found in ",[127,100546,5286],{}," of the other sets.",[20,100549,800],{},[38,100551,100553],{"className":40,"code":100552,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2, 3}\nc = {5}\n\nresult = a.difference(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100554,100555,100583,100599,100611,100615,100637],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,100556,100557,100559,100561,100563,100565,100567,100569,100571,100573,100575,100577,100579,100581],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,100558,2501],{"class":53},[47,100560,58],{"class":57},[47,100562,10423],{"class":77},[47,100564,665],{"class":61},[47,100566,668],{"class":77},[47,100568,671],{"class":61},[47,100570,668],{"class":77},[47,100572,676],{"class":61},[47,100574,668],{"class":77},[47,100576,2404],{"class":61},[47,100578,668],{"class":77},[47,100580,4540],{"class":61},[47,100582,9240],{"class":77},[47,100584,100585,100587,100589,100591,100593,100595,100597],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,100586,2529],{"class":53},[47,100588,58],{"class":57},[47,100590,10423],{"class":77},[47,100592,2016],{"class":61},[47,100594,668],{"class":77},[47,100596,676],{"class":61},[47,100598,9240],{"class":77},[47,100600,100601,100603,100605,100607,100609],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,100602,83110],{"class":53},[47,100604,58],{"class":57},[47,100606,10423],{"class":77},[47,100608,2094],{"class":61},[47,100610,9240],{"class":77},[47,100612,100613],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,100614,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,100616,100617,100619,100621,100623,100625,100627,100629,100631,100633,100635],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,100618,2184],{"class":53},[47,100620,58],{"class":57},[47,100622,56815],{"class":53},[47,100624,914],{"class":77},[47,100626,2756],{"class":81},[47,100628,78],{"class":77},[47,100630,4696],{"class":81},[47,100632,668],{"class":77},[47,100634,9613],{"class":81},[47,100636,85],{"class":77},[47,100638,100639,100641,100643,100645],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,100640,99],{"class":98},[47,100642,78],{"class":77},[47,100644,2218],{"class":81},[47,100646,85],{"class":77},[20,100648,129],{},[38,100650,100652],{"className":40,"code":100651,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 4}\n",[15,100653,100654],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,100655,100656,100658,100660,100662,100664],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,100657,9211],{"class":77},[47,100659,665],{"class":61},[47,100661,668],{"class":77},[47,100663,2404],{"class":61},[47,100665,9240],{"class":77},[20,100667,100668,100669,100671,100672,1389,100674,914],{},"Here, Python starts with ",[15,100670,360],{}," and removes anything found in ",[15,100673,4696],{},[15,100675,9671],{},[44848,100677],{},[33,100679,1504],{"id":1503},[20,100681,100682,100684,100685,914],{},[15,100683,100332],{}," always returns a ",[127,100686,100687],{},"new set",[20,100689,43581],{},[185,100691,100692,100695,100698],{},[188,100693,100694],{},"The return value is a new set",[188,100696,100697],{},"The result may be an empty set if all items are removed",[188,100699,100700],{},"The result is still a set, even if nothing remains",[20,100702,800],{},[38,100704,100706],{"className":40,"code":100705,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,100707,100708,100724,100744,100748,100766,100770,100780],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,100709,100710,100712,100714,100716,100718,100720,100722],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,100711,2501],{"class":53},[47,100713,58],{"class":57},[47,100715,10423],{"class":77},[47,100717,665],{"class":61},[47,100719,668],{"class":77},[47,100721,671],{"class":61},[47,100723,9240],{"class":77},[47,100725,100726,100728,100730,100732,100734,100736,100738,100740,100742],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,100727,2529],{"class":53},[47,100729,58],{"class":57},[47,100731,10423],{"class":77},[47,100733,665],{"class":61},[47,100735,668],{"class":77},[47,100737,671],{"class":61},[47,100739,668],{"class":77},[47,100741,676],{"class":61},[47,100743,9240],{"class":77},[47,100745,100746],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,100747,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,100749,100750,100752,100754,100756,100758,100760,100762,100764],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,100751,2184],{"class":53},[47,100753,58],{"class":57},[47,100755,56815],{"class":53},[47,100757,914],{"class":77},[47,100759,2756],{"class":81},[47,100761,78],{"class":77},[47,100763,4696],{"class":81},[47,100765,85],{"class":77},[47,100767,100768],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,100769,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,100771,100772,100774,100776,100778],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,100773,99],{"class":98},[47,100775,78],{"class":77},[47,100777,2218],{"class":81},[47,100779,85],{"class":77},[47,100781,100782,100784,100786,100788,100790,100792],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,100783,99],{"class":98},[47,100785,78],{"class":77},[47,100787,116],{"class":73},[47,100789,78],{"class":77},[47,100791,2218],{"class":81},[47,100793,123],{"class":77},[20,100795,129],{},[38,100797,100798],{"className":40,"code":99206,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,100799,100800,100806],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,100801,100802,100804],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,100803,6222],{"class":73},[47,100805,8574],{"class":77},[47,100807,100808,100810,100812,100814,100816,100818],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,100809,144],{"class":57},[47,100811,148],{"class":147},[47,100813,152],{"class":151},[47,100815,6222],{"class":155},[47,100817,159],{"class":151},[47,100819,162],{"class":57},[20,100821,100822,100823,18899,100825,100827,100828,100830],{},"An empty set is shown as ",[15,100824,3732],{},[15,100826,3727],{},". In Python, ",[15,100829,3727],{}," means an empty dictionary.",[44848,100832],{},[33,100834,11409],{"id":11408},[20,100836,100837],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets:",[38,100839,100841],{"className":40,"code":100840,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits_a = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits_b = {\"banana\", \"orange\", \"grape\"}\n\nresult = fruits_a.difference(fruits_b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits_a)\nprint(fruits_b)\n",[15,100842,100843,100876,100909,100913,100933,100937,100947,100958],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,100844,100845,100848,100850,100852,100854,100856,100858,100860,100862,100864,100866,100868,100870,100872,100874],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,100846,100847],{"class":53},"fruits_a ",[47,100849,58],{"class":57},[47,100851,10423],{"class":77},[47,100853,309],{"class":151},[47,100855,1425],{"class":155},[47,100857,309],{"class":151},[47,100859,668],{"class":77},[47,100861,303],{"class":151},[47,100863,1434],{"class":155},[47,100865,309],{"class":151},[47,100867,668],{"class":77},[47,100869,303],{"class":151},[47,100871,1443],{"class":155},[47,100873,309],{"class":151},[47,100875,9240],{"class":77},[47,100877,100878,100881,100883,100885,100887,100889,100891,100893,100895,100897,100899,100901,100903,100905,100907],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,100879,100880],{"class":53},"fruits_b ",[47,100882,58],{"class":57},[47,100884,10423],{"class":77},[47,100886,309],{"class":151},[47,100888,1434],{"class":155},[47,100890,309],{"class":151},[47,100892,668],{"class":77},[47,100894,303],{"class":151},[47,100896,1443],{"class":155},[47,100898,309],{"class":151},[47,100900,668],{"class":77},[47,100902,303],{"class":151},[47,100904,22467],{"class":155},[47,100906,309],{"class":151},[47,100908,9240],{"class":77},[47,100910,100911],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,100912,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,100914,100915,100917,100919,100922,100924,100926,100928,100931],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,100916,2184],{"class":53},[47,100918,58],{"class":57},[47,100920,100921],{"class":53}," fruits_a",[47,100923,914],{"class":77},[47,100925,2756],{"class":81},[47,100927,78],{"class":77},[47,100929,100930],{"class":81},"fruits_b",[47,100932,85],{"class":77},[47,100934,100935],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,100936,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,100938,100939,100941,100943,100945],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,100940,99],{"class":98},[47,100942,78],{"class":77},[47,100944,2218],{"class":81},[47,100946,85],{"class":77},[47,100948,100949,100951,100953,100956],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,100950,99],{"class":98},[47,100952,78],{"class":77},[47,100954,100955],{"class":81},"fruits_a",[47,100957,85],{"class":77},[47,100959,100960,100962,100964,100966],{"class":49,"line":1734},[47,100961,99],{"class":98},[47,100963,78],{"class":77},[47,100965,100930],{"class":81},[47,100967,85],{"class":77},[20,100969,29964],{},[38,100971,100973],{"className":40,"code":100972,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'grape'}\n",[15,100974,100975,100987,101015],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,100976,100977,100979,100981,100983,100985],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,100978,9211],{"class":77},[47,100980,159],{"class":151},[47,100982,1425],{"class":155},[47,100984,159],{"class":151},[47,100986,9240],{"class":77},[47,100988,100989,100991,100993,100995,100997,100999,101001,101003,101005,101007,101009,101011,101013],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,100990,9211],{"class":77},[47,100992,159],{"class":151},[47,100994,1434],{"class":155},[47,100996,159],{"class":151},[47,100998,668],{"class":77},[47,101000,152],{"class":151},[47,101002,1443],{"class":155},[47,101004,159],{"class":151},[47,101006,668],{"class":77},[47,101008,152],{"class":151},[47,101010,1425],{"class":155},[47,101012,159],{"class":151},[47,101014,9240],{"class":77},[47,101016,101017,101019,101021,101023,101025,101027,101029,101031,101033,101035,101037,101039,101041],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,101018,9211],{"class":77},[47,101020,159],{"class":151},[47,101022,1434],{"class":155},[47,101024,159],{"class":151},[47,101026,668],{"class":77},[47,101028,152],{"class":151},[47,101030,1443],{"class":155},[47,101032,159],{"class":151},[47,101034,668],{"class":77},[47,101036,152],{"class":151},[47,101038,22467],{"class":155},[47,101040,159],{"class":151},[47,101042,9240],{"class":77},[20,101044,11617],{},[185,101046,101047,101052,101057,101063],{},[188,101048,101049,101050],{},"Start with ",[15,101051,100955],{},[188,101053,101054,101055],{},"Remove any values also found in ",[15,101056,100930],{},[188,101058,101059,101060,101062],{},"Only ",[15,101061,57760],{}," remains",[188,101064,101065],{},"The original sets stay unchanged",[20,101067,101068],{},"Notice that the printed order may look different. Sets do not keep items in a fixed order.",[44848,101070],{},[33,101072,1335,101074,101076],{"id":101073},"using-difference-with-multiple-sets",[15,101075,100332],{}," with multiple sets",[20,101078,101079,101080,914],{},"You can pass two or more sets into ",[15,101081,100332],{},[20,101083,101084],{},"Python removes any value from the first set if that value appears in any of the other sets.",[38,101086,101088],{"className":40,"code":101087,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\ngroup_a = {2, 4}\ngroup_b = {5}\ngroup_c = {6, 7}\n\nresult = numbers.difference(group_a, group_b, group_c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,101089,101090,101122,101139,101152,101169,101173,101202],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,101091,101092,101094,101096,101098,101100,101102,101104,101106,101108,101110,101112,101114,101116,101118,101120],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,101093,3554],{"class":53},[47,101095,58],{"class":57},[47,101097,10423],{"class":77},[47,101099,665],{"class":61},[47,101101,668],{"class":77},[47,101103,671],{"class":61},[47,101105,668],{"class":77},[47,101107,676],{"class":61},[47,101109,668],{"class":77},[47,101111,2404],{"class":61},[47,101113,668],{"class":77},[47,101115,4540],{"class":61},[47,101117,668],{"class":77},[47,101119,37578],{"class":61},[47,101121,9240],{"class":77},[47,101123,101124,101127,101129,101131,101133,101135,101137],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,101125,101126],{"class":53},"group_a ",[47,101128,58],{"class":57},[47,101130,10423],{"class":77},[47,101132,2016],{"class":61},[47,101134,668],{"class":77},[47,101136,2404],{"class":61},[47,101138,9240],{"class":77},[47,101140,101141,101144,101146,101148,101150],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,101142,101143],{"class":53},"group_b ",[47,101145,58],{"class":57},[47,101147,10423],{"class":77},[47,101149,2094],{"class":61},[47,101151,9240],{"class":77},[47,101153,101154,101157,101159,101161,101163,101165,101167],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,101155,101156],{"class":53},"group_c ",[47,101158,58],{"class":57},[47,101160,10423],{"class":77},[47,101162,80518],{"class":61},[47,101164,668],{"class":77},[47,101166,5928],{"class":61},[47,101168,9240],{"class":77},[47,101170,101171],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,101172,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,101174,101175,101177,101179,101181,101183,101185,101187,101190,101192,101195,101197,101200],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,101176,2184],{"class":53},[47,101178,58],{"class":57},[47,101180,4198],{"class":53},[47,101182,914],{"class":77},[47,101184,2756],{"class":81},[47,101186,78],{"class":77},[47,101188,101189],{"class":81},"group_a",[47,101191,668],{"class":77},[47,101193,101194],{"class":81}," group_b",[47,101196,668],{"class":77},[47,101198,101199],{"class":81}," group_c",[47,101201,85],{"class":77},[47,101203,101204,101206,101208,101210],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,101205,99],{"class":98},[47,101207,78],{"class":77},[47,101209,2218],{"class":81},[47,101211,85],{"class":77},[20,101213,129],{},[38,101215,101217],{"className":40,"code":101216,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 3}\n",[15,101218,101219],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,101220,101221,101223,101225,101227,101229],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,101222,9211],{"class":77},[47,101224,665],{"class":61},[47,101226,668],{"class":77},[47,101228,676],{"class":61},[47,101230,9240],{"class":77},[20,101232,101233],{},"This is helpful when you want to compare one main set against several groups at once.",[44848,101235],{},[33,101237,101239,920,101241],{"id":101238},"difference-vs-difference_update",[15,101240,100332],{},[15,101242,101243],{},"difference_update()",[20,101245,101246],{},"These two methods are similar, but they work differently.",[373,101248,101249],{"id":2756},[15,101250,100332],{},[185,101252,101253,101256],{},[188,101254,101255],{},"Returns a new set",[188,101257,101258],{},"Does not change the original set",[38,101260,101262],{"className":40,"code":101261,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101263,101264,101288,101304,101308,101326,101330,101340],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,101265,101266,101268,101270,101272,101274,101276,101278,101280,101282,101284,101286],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,101267,2501],{"class":53},[47,101269,58],{"class":57},[47,101271,10423],{"class":77},[47,101273,665],{"class":61},[47,101275,668],{"class":77},[47,101277,671],{"class":61},[47,101279,668],{"class":77},[47,101281,676],{"class":61},[47,101283,668],{"class":77},[47,101285,2404],{"class":61},[47,101287,9240],{"class":77},[47,101289,101290,101292,101294,101296,101298,101300,101302],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,101291,2529],{"class":53},[47,101293,58],{"class":57},[47,101295,10423],{"class":77},[47,101297,2021],{"class":61},[47,101299,668],{"class":77},[47,101301,2404],{"class":61},[47,101303,9240],{"class":77},[47,101305,101306],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,101307,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,101309,101310,101312,101314,101316,101318,101320,101322,101324],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,101311,2184],{"class":53},[47,101313,58],{"class":57},[47,101315,56815],{"class":53},[47,101317,914],{"class":77},[47,101319,2756],{"class":81},[47,101321,78],{"class":77},[47,101323,4696],{"class":81},[47,101325,85],{"class":77},[47,101327,101328],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,101329,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,101331,101332,101334,101336,101338],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,101333,99],{"class":98},[47,101335,78],{"class":77},[47,101337,2218],{"class":81},[47,101339,85],{"class":77},[47,101341,101342,101344,101346,101348],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,101343,99],{"class":98},[47,101345,78],{"class":77},[47,101347,360],{"class":81},[47,101349,85],{"class":77},[20,101351,129],{},[38,101353,101355],{"className":40,"code":101354,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,101356,101357,101369],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,101358,101359,101361,101363,101365,101367],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,101360,9211],{"class":77},[47,101362,665],{"class":61},[47,101364,668],{"class":77},[47,101366,671],{"class":61},[47,101368,9240],{"class":77},[47,101370,101371,101373,101375,101377,101379,101381,101383,101385,101387],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,101372,9211],{"class":77},[47,101374,665],{"class":61},[47,101376,668],{"class":77},[47,101378,671],{"class":61},[47,101380,668],{"class":77},[47,101382,676],{"class":61},[47,101384,668],{"class":77},[47,101386,2404],{"class":61},[47,101388,9240],{"class":77},[373,101390,101392],{"id":101391},"difference_update",[15,101393,101243],{},[185,101395,101396,101399],{},[188,101397,101398],{},"Changes the original set",[188,101400,96236],{},[38,101402,101404],{"className":40,"code":101403,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\na.difference_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,101405,101406,101430,101446,101450,101464,101468],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,101407,101408,101410,101412,101414,101416,101418,101420,101422,101424,101426,101428],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,101409,2501],{"class":53},[47,101411,58],{"class":57},[47,101413,10423],{"class":77},[47,101415,665],{"class":61},[47,101417,668],{"class":77},[47,101419,671],{"class":61},[47,101421,668],{"class":77},[47,101423,676],{"class":61},[47,101425,668],{"class":77},[47,101427,2404],{"class":61},[47,101429,9240],{"class":77},[47,101431,101432,101434,101436,101438,101440,101442,101444],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,101433,2529],{"class":53},[47,101435,58],{"class":57},[47,101437,10423],{"class":77},[47,101439,2021],{"class":61},[47,101441,668],{"class":77},[47,101443,2404],{"class":61},[47,101445,9240],{"class":77},[47,101447,101448],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,101449,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,101451,101452,101454,101456,101458,101460,101462],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,101453,360],{"class":53},[47,101455,914],{"class":77},[47,101457,101391],{"class":81},[47,101459,78],{"class":77},[47,101461,4696],{"class":81},[47,101463,85],{"class":77},[47,101465,101466],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,101467,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,101469,101470,101472,101474,101476],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,101471,99],{"class":98},[47,101473,78],{"class":77},[47,101475,360],{"class":81},[47,101477,85],{"class":77},[20,101479,129],{},[38,101481,101482],{"className":40,"code":100425,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,101483,101484],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,101485,101486,101488,101490,101492,101494],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,101487,9211],{"class":77},[47,101489,665],{"class":61},[47,101491,668],{"class":77},[47,101493,671],{"class":61},[47,101495,9240],{"class":77},[20,101497,165,101498,101500],{},[15,101499,100332],{}," when you want to keep the original data.",[20,101502,101503,101504,33534],{},"For more on the in-place version, see Python set ",[15,101505,101243],{},[44848,101507],{},[33,101509,101511,101513,101514,101516],{"id":101510},"difference-vs-the-operator",[15,101512,100332],{}," vs the ",[15,101515,1981],{}," operator",[20,101518,1939,101519,101521,101522,101524],{},[15,101520,1981],{}," operator does the same kind of comparison as ",[15,101523,100332],{}," for two sets.",[38,101526,101528],{"className":40,"code":101527,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(a - b)\n",[15,101529,101530,101554,101570,101574,101592],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,101531,101532,101534,101536,101538,101540,101542,101544,101546,101548,101550,101552],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,101533,2501],{"class":53},[47,101535,58],{"class":57},[47,101537,10423],{"class":77},[47,101539,665],{"class":61},[47,101541,668],{"class":77},[47,101543,671],{"class":61},[47,101545,668],{"class":77},[47,101547,676],{"class":61},[47,101549,668],{"class":77},[47,101551,2404],{"class":61},[47,101553,9240],{"class":77},[47,101555,101556,101558,101560,101562,101564,101566,101568],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,101557,2529],{"class":53},[47,101559,58],{"class":57},[47,101561,10423],{"class":77},[47,101563,2021],{"class":61},[47,101565,668],{"class":77},[47,101567,2404],{"class":61},[47,101569,9240],{"class":77},[47,101571,101572],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,101573,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,101575,101576,101578,101580,101582,101584,101586,101588,101590],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,101577,99],{"class":98},[47,101579,78],{"class":77},[47,101581,360],{"class":81},[47,101583,914],{"class":77},[47,101585,2756],{"class":81},[47,101587,78],{"class":77},[47,101589,4696],{"class":81},[47,101591,123],{"class":77},[47,101593,101594,101596,101598,101600,101602,101604],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,101595,99],{"class":98},[47,101597,78],{"class":77},[47,101599,2501],{"class":81},[47,101601,1981],{"class":57},[47,101603,2506],{"class":81},[47,101605,85],{"class":77},[20,101607,129],{},[38,101609,101611],{"className":40,"code":101610,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,101612,101613,101625],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,101614,101615,101617,101619,101621,101623],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,101616,9211],{"class":77},[47,101618,665],{"class":61},[47,101620,668],{"class":77},[47,101622,671],{"class":61},[47,101624,9240],{"class":77},[47,101626,101627,101629,101631,101633,101635],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,101628,9211],{"class":77},[47,101630,665],{"class":61},[47,101632,668],{"class":77},[47,101634,671],{"class":61},[47,101636,9240],{"class":77},[20,101638,101639],{},"Both lines give the same result.",[20,101641,1796,101642,1812],{},[15,101643,100332],{},[185,101645,101646,101649,101652],{},[188,101647,101648],{},"It is often clearer for beginners",[188,101650,101651],{},"The method name explains what the code is doing",[188,101653,101654],{},"It easily supports multiple sets",[20,101656,101657],{},"Example with multiple sets:",[38,101659,101661],{"className":40,"code":101660,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2}\nc = {4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b, c))\n",[15,101662,101663,101691,101703,101715,101719],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,101664,101665,101667,101669,101671,101673,101675,101677,101679,101681,101683,101685,101687,101689],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,101666,2501],{"class":53},[47,101668,58],{"class":57},[47,101670,10423],{"class":77},[47,101672,665],{"class":61},[47,101674,668],{"class":77},[47,101676,671],{"class":61},[47,101678,668],{"class":77},[47,101680,676],{"class":61},[47,101682,668],{"class":77},[47,101684,2404],{"class":61},[47,101686,668],{"class":77},[47,101688,4540],{"class":61},[47,101690,9240],{"class":77},[47,101692,101693,101695,101697,101699,101701],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,101694,2529],{"class":53},[47,101696,58],{"class":57},[47,101698,10423],{"class":77},[47,101700,2016],{"class":61},[47,101702,9240],{"class":77},[47,101704,101705,101707,101709,101711,101713],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,101706,83110],{"class":53},[47,101708,58],{"class":57},[47,101710,10423],{"class":77},[47,101712,2451],{"class":61},[47,101714,9240],{"class":77},[47,101716,101717],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,101718,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,101720,101721,101723,101725,101727,101729,101731,101733,101735,101737,101739],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,101722,99],{"class":98},[47,101724,78],{"class":77},[47,101726,360],{"class":81},[47,101728,914],{"class":77},[47,101730,2756],{"class":81},[47,101732,78],{"class":77},[47,101734,4696],{"class":81},[47,101736,668],{"class":77},[47,101738,9613],{"class":81},[47,101740,123],{"class":77},[20,101742,129],{},[38,101744,101746],{"className":40,"code":101745,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 3, 5}\n",[15,101747,101748],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,101749,101750,101752,101754,101756,101758,101760,101762],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,101751,9211],{"class":77},[47,101753,665],{"class":61},[47,101755,668],{"class":77},[47,101757,676],{"class":61},[47,101759,668],{"class":77},[47,101761,4540],{"class":61},[47,101763,9240],{"class":77},[20,101765,101766,101767,101769],{},"You cannot write that in the same simple way with a single ",[15,101768,1981],{}," operator expression.",[44848,101771],{},[33,101773,1131],{"id":1130},[20,101775,21147,101776,914],{},[15,101777,100332],{},[373,101779,101781],{"id":101780},"expecting-the-original-set-to-change","Expecting the original set to change",[20,101783,4563,101784,101786,101787,2826],{},[127,101785,768],{}," change ",[15,101788,360],{},[38,101790,101792],{"className":40,"code":101791,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101793,101794,101814,101826,101830,101844],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,101795,101796,101798,101800,101802,101804,101806,101808,101810,101812],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,101797,2501],{"class":53},[47,101799,58],{"class":57},[47,101801,10423],{"class":77},[47,101803,665],{"class":61},[47,101805,668],{"class":77},[47,101807,671],{"class":61},[47,101809,668],{"class":77},[47,101811,676],{"class":61},[47,101813,9240],{"class":77},[47,101815,101816,101818,101820,101822,101824],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,101817,2529],{"class":53},[47,101819,58],{"class":57},[47,101821,10423],{"class":77},[47,101823,2021],{"class":61},[47,101825,9240],{"class":77},[47,101827,101828],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,101829,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,101831,101832,101834,101836,101838,101840,101842],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,101833,360],{"class":53},[47,101835,914],{"class":77},[47,101837,2756],{"class":81},[47,101839,78],{"class":77},[47,101841,4696],{"class":81},[47,101843,85],{"class":77},[47,101845,101846,101848,101850,101852],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,101847,99],{"class":98},[47,101849,78],{"class":77},[47,101851,360],{"class":81},[47,101853,85],{"class":77},[20,101855,129],{},[38,101857,101858],{"className":40,"code":96525,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,101859,101860],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,101861,101862,101864,101866,101868,101870,101872,101874],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,101863,9211],{"class":77},[47,101865,665],{"class":61},[47,101867,668],{"class":77},[47,101869,671],{"class":61},[47,101871,668],{"class":77},[47,101873,676],{"class":61},[47,101875,9240],{"class":77},[20,101877,101878],{},"If you want to keep the result, save it:",[38,101880,101882],{"className":40,"code":101881,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na = a.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101883,101884,101904,101916,101920,101938],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,101885,101886,101888,101890,101892,101894,101896,101898,101900,101902],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,101887,2501],{"class":53},[47,101889,58],{"class":57},[47,101891,10423],{"class":77},[47,101893,665],{"class":61},[47,101895,668],{"class":77},[47,101897,671],{"class":61},[47,101899,668],{"class":77},[47,101901,676],{"class":61},[47,101903,9240],{"class":77},[47,101905,101906,101908,101910,101912,101914],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,101907,2529],{"class":53},[47,101909,58],{"class":57},[47,101911,10423],{"class":77},[47,101913,2021],{"class":61},[47,101915,9240],{"class":77},[47,101917,101918],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,101919,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,101921,101922,101924,101926,101928,101930,101932,101934,101936],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,101923,2501],{"class":53},[47,101925,58],{"class":57},[47,101927,56815],{"class":53},[47,101929,914],{"class":77},[47,101931,2756],{"class":81},[47,101933,78],{"class":77},[47,101935,4696],{"class":81},[47,101937,85],{"class":77},[47,101939,101940,101942,101944,101946],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,101941,99],{"class":98},[47,101943,78],{"class":77},[47,101945,360],{"class":81},[47,101947,85],{"class":77},[20,101949,129],{},[38,101951,101952],{"className":40,"code":100425,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,101953,101954],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,101955,101956,101958,101960,101962,101964],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,101957,9211],{"class":77},[47,101959,665],{"class":61},[47,101961,668],{"class":77},[47,101963,671],{"class":61},[47,101965,9240],{"class":77},[373,101967,101969],{"id":101968},"expecting-items-from-the-second-set-instead-of-the-first-set","Expecting items from the second set instead of the first set",[20,101971,101972,101975],{},[15,101973,101974],{},"a.difference(b)"," means:",[185,101977,101978,101983],{},[188,101979,101980,101981],{},"keep items from ",[15,101982,360],{},[188,101984,101985,101986],{},"remove anything also in ",[15,101987,4696],{},[20,101989,40839,101990,101992,101993,101995],{},[127,101991,768],{}," mean “show me what is unique in ",[15,101994,4696],{},"”.",[20,101997,800],{},[38,101999,102001],{"className":40,"code":102000,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(b.difference(a))\n",[15,102002,102003,102023,102043,102047,102065],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,102004,102005,102007,102009,102011,102013,102015,102017,102019,102021],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,102006,2501],{"class":53},[47,102008,58],{"class":57},[47,102010,10423],{"class":77},[47,102012,665],{"class":61},[47,102014,668],{"class":77},[47,102016,671],{"class":61},[47,102018,668],{"class":77},[47,102020,676],{"class":61},[47,102022,9240],{"class":77},[47,102024,102025,102027,102029,102031,102033,102035,102037,102039,102041],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,102026,2529],{"class":53},[47,102028,58],{"class":57},[47,102030,10423],{"class":77},[47,102032,2021],{"class":61},[47,102034,668],{"class":77},[47,102036,2404],{"class":61},[47,102038,668],{"class":77},[47,102040,4540],{"class":61},[47,102042,9240],{"class":77},[47,102044,102045],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,102046,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,102048,102049,102051,102053,102055,102057,102059,102061,102063],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,102050,99],{"class":98},[47,102052,78],{"class":77},[47,102054,360],{"class":81},[47,102056,914],{"class":77},[47,102058,2756],{"class":81},[47,102060,78],{"class":77},[47,102062,4696],{"class":81},[47,102064,123],{"class":77},[47,102066,102067,102069,102071,102073,102075,102077,102079,102081],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,102068,99],{"class":98},[47,102070,78],{"class":77},[47,102072,4696],{"class":81},[47,102074,914],{"class":77},[47,102076,2756],{"class":81},[47,102078,78],{"class":77},[47,102080,360],{"class":81},[47,102082,123],{"class":77},[20,102084,129],{},[38,102086,102088],{"className":40,"code":102087,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 2}\n{4, 5}\n",[15,102089,102090,102102],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,102091,102092,102094,102096,102098,102100],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,102093,9211],{"class":77},[47,102095,665],{"class":61},[47,102097,668],{"class":77},[47,102099,671],{"class":61},[47,102101,9240],{"class":77},[47,102103,102104,102106,102108,102110,102112],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,102105,9211],{"class":77},[47,102107,2451],{"class":61},[47,102109,668],{"class":77},[47,102111,4540],{"class":61},[47,102113,9240],{"class":77},[20,102115,102116],{},"The order of the sets matters.",[373,102118,102120],{"id":102119},"comparing-lists-instead-of-sets","Comparing lists instead of sets",[20,102122,102123,102125],{},[15,102124,100332],{}," is a set method, not a list method.",[20,102127,55246],{},[38,102129,102131],{"className":40,"code":102130,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\n# a.difference(b)\n",[15,102132,102133,102153,102169,102173],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,102134,102135,102137,102139,102141,102143,102145,102147,102149,102151],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,102136,2501],{"class":53},[47,102138,58],{"class":57},[47,102140,662],{"class":77},[47,102142,665],{"class":61},[47,102144,668],{"class":77},[47,102146,671],{"class":61},[47,102148,668],{"class":77},[47,102150,676],{"class":61},[47,102152,679],{"class":77},[47,102154,102155,102157,102159,102161,102163,102165,102167],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,102156,2529],{"class":53},[47,102158,58],{"class":57},[47,102160,662],{"class":77},[47,102162,2021],{"class":61},[47,102164,668],{"class":77},[47,102166,2404],{"class":61},[47,102168,679],{"class":77},[47,102170,102171],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,102172,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,102174,102175],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,102176,102177],{"class":1378},"# a.difference(b)\n",[20,102179,102180],{},"Convert lists to sets first:",[38,102182,102184],{"className":40,"code":102183,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\nresult = set(a).difference(set(b))\nprint(result)\n",[15,102185,102186,102206,102222,102226,102252],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,102187,102188,102190,102192,102194,102196,102198,102200,102202,102204],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,102189,2501],{"class":53},[47,102191,58],{"class":57},[47,102193,662],{"class":77},[47,102195,665],{"class":61},[47,102197,668],{"class":77},[47,102199,671],{"class":61},[47,102201,668],{"class":77},[47,102203,676],{"class":61},[47,102205,679],{"class":77},[47,102207,102208,102210,102212,102214,102216,102218,102220],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,102209,2529],{"class":53},[47,102211,58],{"class":57},[47,102213,662],{"class":77},[47,102215,2021],{"class":61},[47,102217,668],{"class":77},[47,102219,2404],{"class":61},[47,102221,679],{"class":77},[47,102223,102224],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,102225,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,102227,102228,102230,102232,102234,102236,102238,102240,102242,102244,102246,102248,102250],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,102229,2184],{"class":53},[47,102231,58],{"class":57},[47,102233,15568],{"class":73},[47,102235,78],{"class":77},[47,102237,360],{"class":81},[47,102239,8562],{"class":77},[47,102241,2756],{"class":81},[47,102243,78],{"class":77},[47,102245,6222],{"class":73},[47,102247,78],{"class":77},[47,102249,4696],{"class":81},[47,102251,123],{"class":77},[47,102253,102254,102256,102258,102260],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,102255,99],{"class":98},[47,102257,78],{"class":77},[47,102259,2218],{"class":81},[47,102261,85],{"class":77},[20,102263,129],{},[38,102265,102266],{"className":40,"code":100425,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,102267,102268],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,102269,102270,102272,102274,102276,102278],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,102271,9211],{"class":77},[47,102273,665],{"class":61},[47,102275,668],{"class":77},[47,102277,671],{"class":61},[47,102279,9240],{"class":77},[373,102281,102283],{"id":102282},"thinking-the-output-order-will-match-the-input-order","Thinking the output order will match the input order",[20,102285,102286],{},"Sets are unordered, so printed output may appear in a different order.",[38,102288,102290],{"className":40,"code":102289,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\"}\nb = {\"dog\"}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,102291,102292,102324,102340,102344],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,102293,102294,102296,102298,102300,102302,102304,102306,102308,102310,102312,102314,102316,102318,102320,102322],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,102295,2501],{"class":53},[47,102297,58],{"class":57},[47,102299,10423],{"class":77},[47,102301,309],{"class":151},[47,102303,36981],{"class":155},[47,102305,309],{"class":151},[47,102307,668],{"class":77},[47,102309,303],{"class":151},[47,102311,58054],{"class":155},[47,102313,309],{"class":151},[47,102315,668],{"class":77},[47,102317,303],{"class":151},[47,102319,58071],{"class":155},[47,102321,309],{"class":151},[47,102323,9240],{"class":77},[47,102325,102326,102328,102330,102332,102334,102336,102338],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,102327,2529],{"class":53},[47,102329,58],{"class":57},[47,102331,10423],{"class":77},[47,102333,309],{"class":151},[47,102335,58054],{"class":155},[47,102337,309],{"class":151},[47,102339,9240],{"class":77},[47,102341,102342],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,102343,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,102345,102346,102348,102350,102352,102354,102356,102358,102360],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,102347,99],{"class":98},[47,102349,78],{"class":77},[47,102351,360],{"class":81},[47,102353,914],{"class":77},[47,102355,2756],{"class":81},[47,102357,78],{"class":77},[47,102359,4696],{"class":81},[47,102361,123],{"class":77},[20,102363,102364],{},"You should focus on which values are present, not their position.",[373,102366,102368],{"id":102367},"trying-to-use-duplicate-values-in-a-set-example","Trying to use duplicate values in a set example",[20,102370,102371],{},"Sets automatically remove duplicates.",[38,102373,102375],{"className":40,"code":102374,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,102376,102377,102405,102417,102421,102431],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,102378,102379,102381,102383,102385,102387,102389,102391,102393,102395,102397,102399,102401,102403],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,102380,2501],{"class":53},[47,102382,58],{"class":57},[47,102384,10423],{"class":77},[47,102386,665],{"class":61},[47,102388,668],{"class":77},[47,102390,5431],{"class":61},[47,102392,668],{"class":77},[47,102394,671],{"class":61},[47,102396,668],{"class":77},[47,102398,671],{"class":61},[47,102400,668],{"class":77},[47,102402,676],{"class":61},[47,102404,9240],{"class":77},[47,102406,102407,102409,102411,102413,102415],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,102408,2529],{"class":53},[47,102410,58],{"class":57},[47,102412,10423],{"class":77},[47,102414,2021],{"class":61},[47,102416,9240],{"class":77},[47,102418,102419],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,102420,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,102422,102423,102425,102427,102429],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,102424,99],{"class":98},[47,102426,78],{"class":77},[47,102428,360],{"class":81},[47,102430,85],{"class":77},[47,102432,102433,102435,102437,102439,102441,102443,102445,102447],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,102434,99],{"class":98},[47,102436,78],{"class":77},[47,102438,360],{"class":81},[47,102440,914],{"class":77},[47,102442,2756],{"class":81},[47,102444,78],{"class":77},[47,102446,4696],{"class":81},[47,102448,123],{"class":77},[20,102450,129],{},[38,102452,102454],{"className":40,"code":102453,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 2, 3}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,102455,102456,102472],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,102457,102458,102460,102462,102464,102466,102468,102470],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,102459,9211],{"class":77},[47,102461,665],{"class":61},[47,102463,668],{"class":77},[47,102465,671],{"class":61},[47,102467,668],{"class":77},[47,102469,676],{"class":61},[47,102471,9240],{"class":77},[47,102473,102474,102476,102478,102480,102482],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,102475,9211],{"class":77},[47,102477,665],{"class":61},[47,102479,668],{"class":77},[47,102481,671],{"class":61},[47,102483,9240],{"class":77},[20,102485,102486,102487,102489],{},"The duplicates are already gone before ",[15,102488,100332],{}," runs.",[373,102491,102493],{"id":102492},"quick-debugging-checks","Quick debugging checks",[20,102495,102496],{},"If your result is not what you expect, print the values you are working with:",[38,102498,102500],{"className":40,"code":102499,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(type(a.difference(b)))\nprint(len(a.difference(b)))\n",[15,102501,102502,102526,102546,102550,102560,102570,102588,102610],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,102503,102504,102506,102508,102510,102512,102514,102516,102518,102520,102522,102524],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,102505,2501],{"class":53},[47,102507,58],{"class":57},[47,102509,10423],{"class":77},[47,102511,665],{"class":61},[47,102513,668],{"class":77},[47,102515,671],{"class":61},[47,102517,668],{"class":77},[47,102519,676],{"class":61},[47,102521,668],{"class":77},[47,102523,2404],{"class":61},[47,102525,9240],{"class":77},[47,102527,102528,102530,102532,102534,102536,102538,102540,102542,102544],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,102529,2529],{"class":53},[47,102531,58],{"class":57},[47,102533,10423],{"class":77},[47,102535,2021],{"class":61},[47,102537,668],{"class":77},[47,102539,2404],{"class":61},[47,102541,668],{"class":77},[47,102543,4540],{"class":61},[47,102545,9240],{"class":77},[47,102547,102548],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,102549,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,102551,102552,102554,102556,102558],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,102553,99],{"class":98},[47,102555,78],{"class":77},[47,102557,360],{"class":81},[47,102559,85],{"class":77},[47,102561,102562,102564,102566,102568],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,102563,99],{"class":98},[47,102565,78],{"class":77},[47,102567,4696],{"class":81},[47,102569,85],{"class":77},[47,102571,102572,102574,102576,102578,102580,102582,102584,102586],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,102573,99],{"class":98},[47,102575,78],{"class":77},[47,102577,360],{"class":81},[47,102579,914],{"class":77},[47,102581,2756],{"class":81},[47,102583,78],{"class":77},[47,102585,4696],{"class":81},[47,102587,123],{"class":77},[47,102589,102590,102592,102594,102596,102598,102600,102602,102604,102606,102608],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,102591,99],{"class":98},[47,102593,78],{"class":77},[47,102595,116],{"class":73},[47,102597,78],{"class":77},[47,102599,360],{"class":81},[47,102601,914],{"class":77},[47,102603,2756],{"class":81},[47,102605,78],{"class":77},[47,102607,4696],{"class":81},[47,102609,2854],{"class":77},[47,102611,102612,102614,102616,102618,102620,102622,102624,102626,102628,102630],{"class":49,"line":1734},[47,102613,99],{"class":98},[47,102615,78],{"class":77},[47,102617,11095],{"class":98},[47,102619,78],{"class":77},[47,102621,360],{"class":81},[47,102623,914],{"class":77},[47,102625,2756],{"class":81},[47,102627,78],{"class":77},[47,102629,4696],{"class":81},[47,102631,2854],{"class":77},[20,102633,11104],{},[185,102635,102636,102639,102642,102645],{},[188,102637,102638],{},"what is in each set",[188,102640,102641],{},"what result Python creates",[188,102643,102644],{},"that the result is a set",[188,102646,102647],{},"how many items remain",[44848,102649],{},[33,102651,1762],{"id":1761},[373,102653,1776,102655,102657],{"id":102654},"does-difference-change-the-original-set",[15,102656,100332],{}," change the original set?",[20,102659,102660],{},"No. It returns a new set and leaves the original set unchanged.",[373,102662,5111,102664,4329,102666,1812],{"id":102663},"what-is-the-difference-between-difference-and-difference_update",[15,102665,100332],{},[15,102667,101243],{},[20,102669,102670,102672,102673,102675],{},[15,102671,100332],{}," returns a new set. ",[15,102674,101243],{}," modifies the original set.",[373,102677,28262,102679,102681],{"id":102678},"can-i-use-difference-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,102680,100332],{}," with more than two sets?",[20,102683,102684],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets, and Python removes items found in any of them.",[373,102686,102688],{"id":102687},"why-is-my-output-in-a-different-order","Why is my output in a different order?",[20,102690,102691],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so item order is not guaranteed.",[44848,102693],{},[33,102695,1825],{"id":1824},[185,102697,102698,102702,102710],{},[188,102699,102700],{},[360,102701,96246],{"href":97417},[188,102703,102704],{},[360,102705,96732,102707,10673],{"href":102706},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method\u002F",[15,102708,102709],{},"intersection()",[188,102711,102712],{},[360,102713,96732,102715,10673],{"href":102714},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method\u002F",[15,102716,102717],{},"union()",[1875,102719,102720],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":65,"depth":65,"links":102722},[102723,102724,102726,102727,102728,102729,102731,102736,102738,102746,102755],{"id":3543,"depth":65,"text":3544},{"id":100454,"depth":65,"text":102725},"What difference() does",{"id":244,"depth":65,"text":245},{"id":1503,"depth":65,"text":1504},{"id":11408,"depth":65,"text":11409},{"id":101073,"depth":65,"text":102730},"Using difference() with multiple sets",{"id":101238,"depth":65,"text":102732,"children":102733},"difference() vs difference_update()",[102734,102735],{"id":2756,"depth":88,"text":100332},{"id":101391,"depth":88,"text":101243},{"id":101510,"depth":65,"text":102737},"difference() vs the - operator",{"id":1130,"depth":65,"text":1131,"children":102739},[102740,102741,102742,102743,102744,102745],{"id":101780,"depth":88,"text":101781},{"id":101968,"depth":88,"text":101969},{"id":102119,"depth":88,"text":102120},{"id":102282,"depth":88,"text":102283},{"id":102367,"depth":88,"text":102368},{"id":102492,"depth":88,"text":102493},{"id":1761,"depth":65,"text":1762,"children":102747},[102748,102750,102752,102754],{"id":102654,"depth":88,"text":102749},"Does difference() change the original set?",{"id":102663,"depth":88,"text":102751},"What is the difference between difference() and difference_update()?",{"id":102678,"depth":88,"text":102753},"Can I use difference() with more than two sets?",{"id":102687,"depth":88,"text":102688},{"id":1824,"depth":65,"text":1825},"Master python set difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method",{"title":100324,"description":102756},"reference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method","bZVw-xPJFGLOKBsNwpxWWnc63jZlXAESku0dp0AiTQs",{"id":102763,"title":102764,"body":102765,"description":104460,"extension":1922,"meta":104461,"navigation":91,"path":104462,"seo":104463,"stem":104464,"__hash__":104465},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method.md","Python Set discard() Method",{"type":7,"value":102766,"toc":104422},[102767,102773,102779,102792,102794,102895,102897,102942,102947,102952,102956,102970,102973,102981,102983,103002,103020,103024,103077,103079,103100,103107,103112,103139,103146,103245,103247,103284,103292,103296,103302,103305,103378,103380,103388,103393,103462,103464,103489,103491,103494,103597,103599,103660,103663,103667,103673,103746,103748,103781,103784,103787,103827,103833,103856,103861,103865,103876,103879,103881,103885,103891,103893,103950,103960,103962,104015,104022,104027,104095,104103,104109,104113,104115,104154,104159,104208,104212,104215,104217,104256,104259,104261,104266,104323,104325,104339,104341,104345,104351,104356,104361,104368,104379,104385,104390,104392,104419],[10,102768,96118,102770,11256],{"id":102769},"python-set-discard-method",[15,102771,102772],{},"discard()",[20,102774,102775,102778],{},[15,102776,102777],{},"set.discard()"," removes one item from a set.",[20,102780,102781,102782,1752,102787,13989,102789,102791],{},"Use it when you want to remove a value safely, even if that value might not be in the set. Unlike ",[360,102783,102784],{"href":98127},[15,102785,102786],{},"set.remove()",[15,102788,102772],{},[127,102790,768],{}," raise an error for a missing item.",[33,102793,36],{"id":35},[38,102795,102797],{"className":40,"code":102796,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n\ncolors.discard(\"yellow\")  # no error if missing\nprint(colors)\n",[15,102798,102799,102831,102850,102860,102864,102885],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,102800,102801,102803,102805,102807,102809,102811,102813,102815,102817,102819,102821,102823,102825,102827,102829],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,102802,13010],{"class":53},[47,102804,58],{"class":57},[47,102806,10423],{"class":77},[47,102808,309],{"class":151},[47,102810,13027],{"class":155},[47,102812,309],{"class":151},[47,102814,668],{"class":77},[47,102816,303],{"class":151},[47,102818,13044],{"class":155},[47,102820,309],{"class":151},[47,102822,668],{"class":77},[47,102824,303],{"class":151},[47,102826,17390],{"class":155},[47,102828,309],{"class":151},[47,102830,9240],{"class":77},[47,102832,102833,102835,102837,102840,102842,102844,102846,102848],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,102834,17437],{"class":53},[47,102836,914],{"class":77},[47,102838,102839],{"class":81},"discard",[47,102841,78],{"class":77},[47,102843,309],{"class":151},[47,102845,13044],{"class":155},[47,102847,309],{"class":151},[47,102849,85],{"class":77},[47,102851,102852,102854,102856,102858],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,102853,99],{"class":98},[47,102855,78],{"class":77},[47,102857,17437],{"class":81},[47,102859,85],{"class":77},[47,102861,102862],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,102863,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,102865,102866,102868,102870,102872,102874,102876,102878,102880,102882],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,102867,17437],{"class":53},[47,102869,914],{"class":77},[47,102871,102839],{"class":81},[47,102873,78],{"class":77},[47,102875,309],{"class":151},[47,102877,22458],{"class":155},[47,102879,309],{"class":151},[47,102881,862],{"class":77},[47,102883,102884],{"class":1378},"  # no error if missing\n",[47,102886,102887,102889,102891,102893],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,102888,99],{"class":98},[47,102890,78],{"class":77},[47,102892,17437],{"class":81},[47,102894,85],{"class":77},[20,102896,29964],{},[38,102898,102900],{"className":40,"code":102899,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'red', 'green'}\n{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,102901,102902,102922],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,102903,102904,102906,102908,102910,102912,102914,102916,102918,102920],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,102905,9211],{"class":77},[47,102907,159],{"class":151},[47,102909,13027],{"class":155},[47,102911,159],{"class":151},[47,102913,668],{"class":77},[47,102915,152],{"class":151},[47,102917,17390],{"class":155},[47,102919,159],{"class":151},[47,102921,9240],{"class":77},[47,102923,102924,102926,102928,102930,102932,102934,102936,102938,102940],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,102925,9211],{"class":77},[47,102927,159],{"class":151},[47,102929,13027],{"class":155},[47,102931,159],{"class":151},[47,102933,668],{"class":77},[47,102935,152],{"class":151},[47,102937,17390],{"class":155},[47,102939,159],{"class":151},[47,102941,9240],{"class":77},[20,102943,165,102944,102946],{},[15,102945,102772],{}," when you want to remove a value from a set safely, even if that value may not exist.",[33,102948,172,102950,175],{"id":102949},"what-setdiscard-does",[15,102951,102777],{},[20,102953,102954,2826],{},[15,102955,102772],{},[185,102957,102958,102961,102964,102966],{},[188,102959,102960],{},"Removes one item from a set",[188,102962,102963],{},"Does nothing if the item is not in the set",[188,102965,96233],{},[188,102967,11358,102968],{},[15,102969,3713],{},[20,102971,102972],{},"This means the set itself is updated. Python does not create a new set.",[20,102974,96242,102975,1389,102978,914],{},[360,102976,102977],{"href":98709},"what a set is in Python",[360,102979,102980],{"href":97801},"how to create a set",[33,102982,245],{"id":244},[38,102984,102986],{"className":40,"code":102985,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set.discard(value)\n",[15,102987,102988],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,102989,102990,102992,102994,102996,102998,103000],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,102991,15601],{"class":53},[47,102993,914],{"class":77},[47,102995,102839],{"class":81},[47,102997,78],{"class":77},[47,102999,585],{"class":81},[47,103001,85],{"class":77},[185,103003,103004,103009,103014,103017],{},[188,103005,103006,103008],{},[15,103007,15601],{}," is the set you want to change",[188,103010,103011,103013],{},[15,103012,585],{}," is the item you want to remove",[188,103015,103016],{},"The set must already exist",[188,103018,103019],{},"The value must be a valid set element type",[373,103021,103023],{"id":103022},"example","Example",[38,103025,103027],{"className":40,"code":103026,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nnumbers.discard(3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,103028,103029,103053,103067],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,103030,103031,103033,103035,103037,103039,103041,103043,103045,103047,103049,103051],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,103032,3554],{"class":53},[47,103034,58],{"class":57},[47,103036,10423],{"class":77},[47,103038,665],{"class":61},[47,103040,668],{"class":77},[47,103042,671],{"class":61},[47,103044,668],{"class":77},[47,103046,676],{"class":61},[47,103048,668],{"class":77},[47,103050,2404],{"class":61},[47,103052,9240],{"class":77},[47,103054,103055,103057,103059,103061,103063,103065],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,103056,3584],{"class":53},[47,103058,914],{"class":77},[47,103060,102839],{"class":81},[47,103062,78],{"class":77},[47,103064,2021],{"class":61},[47,103066,85],{"class":77},[47,103068,103069,103071,103073,103075],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,103070,99],{"class":98},[47,103072,78],{"class":77},[47,103074,3584],{"class":81},[47,103076,85],{"class":77},[20,103078,129],{},[38,103080,103082],{"className":40,"code":103081,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 2, 4}\n",[15,103083,103084],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,103085,103086,103088,103090,103092,103094,103096,103098],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,103087,9211],{"class":77},[47,103089,665],{"class":61},[47,103091,668],{"class":77},[47,103093,671],{"class":61},[47,103095,668],{"class":77},[47,103097,2404],{"class":61},[47,103099,9240],{"class":77},[33,103101,103103,103104,103106],{"id":103102},"what-makes-discard-different","What makes ",[15,103105,102772],{}," different",[20,103108,103109,103111],{},[15,103110,102772],{}," is similar to other set methods, but it behaves differently in an important way.",[185,103113,103114,103127,103136],{},[188,103115,103116,103117,1752,103121,103123,103124,103126],{},"Unlike ",[360,103118,103119],{"href":98127},[15,103120,55456],{},[15,103122,102772],{}," does not raise ",[15,103125,19623],{}," when the item is missing",[188,103128,103116,103129,1752,103133,103135],{},[360,103130,103131],{"href":98132},[15,103132,12696],{},[15,103134,102772],{}," removes a specific item",[188,103137,103138],{},"It is useful when you are not sure whether the item exists",[373,103140,103142,920,103144],{"id":103141},"discard-vs-remove",[15,103143,102772],{},[15,103145,55456],{},[38,103147,103149],{"className":40,"code":103148,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\"}\n\nitems.discard(\"orange\")   # no error\nprint(items)\n\nitems.remove(\"banana\")    # removes existing item\nprint(items)\n",[15,103150,103151,103175,103179,103200,103210,103214,103235],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,103152,103153,103155,103157,103159,103161,103163,103165,103167,103169,103171,103173],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,103154,657],{"class":53},[47,103156,58],{"class":57},[47,103158,10423],{"class":77},[47,103160,309],{"class":151},[47,103162,1425],{"class":155},[47,103164,309],{"class":151},[47,103166,668],{"class":77},[47,103168,303],{"class":151},[47,103170,1434],{"class":155},[47,103172,309],{"class":151},[47,103174,9240],{"class":77},[47,103176,103177],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,103178,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,103180,103181,103183,103185,103187,103189,103191,103193,103195,103197],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,103182,692],{"class":53},[47,103184,914],{"class":77},[47,103186,102839],{"class":81},[47,103188,78],{"class":77},[47,103190,309],{"class":151},[47,103192,1443],{"class":155},[47,103194,309],{"class":151},[47,103196,862],{"class":77},[47,103198,103199],{"class":1378},"   # no error\n",[47,103201,103202,103204,103206,103208],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,103203,99],{"class":98},[47,103205,78],{"class":77},[47,103207,692],{"class":81},[47,103209,85],{"class":77},[47,103211,103212],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,103213,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,103215,103216,103218,103220,103222,103224,103226,103228,103230,103232],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,103217,692],{"class":53},[47,103219,914],{"class":77},[47,103221,34727],{"class":81},[47,103223,78],{"class":77},[47,103225,309],{"class":151},[47,103227,1434],{"class":155},[47,103229,309],{"class":151},[47,103231,862],{"class":77},[47,103233,103234],{"class":1378},"    # removes existing item\n",[47,103236,103237,103239,103241,103243],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,103238,99],{"class":98},[47,103240,78],{"class":77},[47,103242,692],{"class":81},[47,103244,85],{"class":77},[20,103246,129],{},[38,103248,103250],{"className":40,"code":103249,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'apple', 'banana'}\n{'apple'}\n",[15,103251,103252,103272],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,103253,103254,103256,103258,103260,103262,103264,103266,103268,103270],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,103255,9211],{"class":77},[47,103257,159],{"class":151},[47,103259,1425],{"class":155},[47,103261,159],{"class":151},[47,103263,668],{"class":77},[47,103265,152],{"class":151},[47,103267,1434],{"class":155},[47,103269,159],{"class":151},[47,103271,9240],{"class":77},[47,103273,103274,103276,103278,103280,103282],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,103275,9211],{"class":77},[47,103277,159],{"class":151},[47,103279,1425],{"class":155},[47,103281,159],{"class":151},[47,103283,9240],{"class":77},[20,103285,40277,103286,103288,103289,103291],{},[15,103287,55456],{}," with a missing value, Python raises an error. See ",[360,103290,11008],{"href":11007}," for more help with that case.",[33,103293,103295],{"id":103294},"what-the-method-returns","What the method returns",[20,103297,103298,2346,103300,914],{},[15,103299,102772],{},[15,103301,3713],{},[20,103303,103304],{},"That means you should not write code like this:",[38,103306,103308],{"className":40,"code":103307,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nresult = colors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,103309,103310,103342,103364,103368],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,103311,103312,103314,103316,103318,103320,103322,103324,103326,103328,103330,103332,103334,103336,103338,103340],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,103313,13010],{"class":53},[47,103315,58],{"class":57},[47,103317,10423],{"class":77},[47,103319,309],{"class":151},[47,103321,13027],{"class":155},[47,103323,309],{"class":151},[47,103325,668],{"class":77},[47,103327,303],{"class":151},[47,103329,13044],{"class":155},[47,103331,309],{"class":151},[47,103333,668],{"class":77},[47,103335,303],{"class":151},[47,103337,17390],{"class":155},[47,103339,309],{"class":151},[47,103341,9240],{"class":77},[47,103343,103344,103346,103348,103350,103352,103354,103356,103358,103360,103362],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,103345,2184],{"class":53},[47,103347,58],{"class":57},[47,103349,13058],{"class":53},[47,103351,914],{"class":77},[47,103353,102839],{"class":81},[47,103355,78],{"class":77},[47,103357,309],{"class":151},[47,103359,13044],{"class":155},[47,103361,309],{"class":151},[47,103363,85],{"class":77},[47,103365,103366],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,103367,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,103369,103370,103372,103374,103376],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,103371,99],{"class":98},[47,103373,78],{"class":77},[47,103375,2218],{"class":81},[47,103377,85],{"class":77},[20,103379,129],{},[38,103381,103382],{"className":40,"code":11742,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,103383,103384],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,103385,103386],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,103387,11742],{"class":571},[20,103389,103390,103391,2826],{},"The changed set is still stored in ",[15,103392,17437],{},[38,103394,103396],{"className":40,"code":103395,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,103397,103398,103430,103448,103452],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,103399,103400,103402,103404,103406,103408,103410,103412,103414,103416,103418,103420,103422,103424,103426,103428],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,103401,13010],{"class":53},[47,103403,58],{"class":57},[47,103405,10423],{"class":77},[47,103407,309],{"class":151},[47,103409,13027],{"class":155},[47,103411,309],{"class":151},[47,103413,668],{"class":77},[47,103415,303],{"class":151},[47,103417,13044],{"class":155},[47,103419,309],{"class":151},[47,103421,668],{"class":77},[47,103423,303],{"class":151},[47,103425,17390],{"class":155},[47,103427,309],{"class":151},[47,103429,9240],{"class":77},[47,103431,103432,103434,103436,103438,103440,103442,103444,103446],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,103433,17437],{"class":53},[47,103435,914],{"class":77},[47,103437,102839],{"class":81},[47,103439,78],{"class":77},[47,103441,309],{"class":151},[47,103443,13044],{"class":155},[47,103445,309],{"class":151},[47,103447,85],{"class":77},[47,103449,103450],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,103451,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,103453,103454,103456,103458,103460],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,103455,99],{"class":98},[47,103457,78],{"class":77},[47,103459,17437],{"class":81},[47,103461,85],{"class":77},[20,103463,129],{},[38,103465,103467],{"className":40,"code":103466,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,103468,103469],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,103470,103471,103473,103475,103477,103479,103481,103483,103485,103487],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,103472,9211],{"class":77},[47,103474,159],{"class":151},[47,103476,13027],{"class":155},[47,103478,159],{"class":151},[47,103480,668],{"class":77},[47,103482,152],{"class":151},[47,103484,17390],{"class":155},[47,103486,159],{"class":151},[47,103488,9240],{"class":77},[33,103490,11409],{"id":11408},[20,103492,103493],{},"Here is a basic example that removes an existing item.",[38,103495,103497],{"className":40,"code":103496,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", fruits)\n\nfruits.discard(\"banana\")\n\nprint(\"After:\", fruits)\n",[15,103498,103499,103531,103535,103553,103557,103575,103579],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,103500,103501,103503,103505,103507,103509,103511,103513,103515,103517,103519,103521,103523,103525,103527,103529],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,103502,36173],{"class":53},[47,103504,58],{"class":57},[47,103506,10423],{"class":77},[47,103508,309],{"class":151},[47,103510,1425],{"class":155},[47,103512,309],{"class":151},[47,103514,668],{"class":77},[47,103516,303],{"class":151},[47,103518,1434],{"class":155},[47,103520,309],{"class":151},[47,103522,668],{"class":77},[47,103524,303],{"class":151},[47,103526,1443],{"class":155},[47,103528,309],{"class":151},[47,103530,9240],{"class":77},[47,103532,103533],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,103534,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,103536,103537,103539,103541,103543,103545,103547,103549,103551],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,103538,99],{"class":98},[47,103540,78],{"class":77},[47,103542,309],{"class":151},[47,103544,11497],{"class":155},[47,103546,309],{"class":151},[47,103548,668],{"class":77},[47,103550,52778],{"class":81},[47,103552,85],{"class":77},[47,103554,103555],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,103556,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,103558,103559,103561,103563,103565,103567,103569,103571,103573],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,103560,36225],{"class":53},[47,103562,914],{"class":77},[47,103564,102839],{"class":81},[47,103566,78],{"class":77},[47,103568,309],{"class":151},[47,103570,1434],{"class":155},[47,103572,309],{"class":151},[47,103574,85],{"class":77},[47,103576,103577],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,103578,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,103580,103581,103583,103585,103587,103589,103591,103593,103595],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,103582,99],{"class":98},[47,103584,78],{"class":77},[47,103586,309],{"class":151},[47,103588,11537],{"class":155},[47,103590,309],{"class":151},[47,103592,668],{"class":77},[47,103594,52778],{"class":81},[47,103596,85],{"class":77},[20,103598,129],{},[38,103600,103602],{"className":40,"code":103601,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Before: {'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\nAfter: {'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,103603,103604,103636],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,103605,103606,103608,103610,103612,103614,103616,103618,103620,103622,103624,103626,103628,103630,103632,103634],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,103607,11557],{"class":53},[47,103609,2826],{"class":77},[47,103611,10423],{"class":77},[47,103613,159],{"class":151},[47,103615,1434],{"class":155},[47,103617,159],{"class":151},[47,103619,668],{"class":77},[47,103621,152],{"class":151},[47,103623,1425],{"class":155},[47,103625,159],{"class":151},[47,103627,668],{"class":77},[47,103629,152],{"class":151},[47,103631,1443],{"class":155},[47,103633,159],{"class":151},[47,103635,9240],{"class":77},[47,103637,103638,103640,103642,103644,103646,103648,103650,103652,103654,103656,103658],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,103639,11610],{"class":53},[47,103641,2826],{"class":77},[47,103643,10423],{"class":77},[47,103645,159],{"class":151},[47,103647,1425],{"class":155},[47,103649,159],{"class":151},[47,103651,668],{"class":77},[47,103653,152],{"class":151},[47,103655,1443],{"class":155},[47,103657,159],{"class":151},[47,103659,9240],{"class":77},[20,103661,103662],{},"The order of items in a set may look different on your computer because sets are unordered.",[33,103664,103666],{"id":103665},"example-with-a-missing-item","Example with a missing item",[20,103668,103669,103670,103672],{},"One of the most useful features of ",[15,103671,102772],{}," is that it does not fail if the item is missing.",[38,103674,103676],{"className":40,"code":103675,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.discard(\"grape\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,103677,103678,103710,103714,103732,103736],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,103679,103680,103682,103684,103686,103688,103690,103692,103694,103696,103698,103700,103702,103704,103706,103708],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,103681,36173],{"class":53},[47,103683,58],{"class":57},[47,103685,10423],{"class":77},[47,103687,309],{"class":151},[47,103689,1425],{"class":155},[47,103691,309],{"class":151},[47,103693,668],{"class":77},[47,103695,303],{"class":151},[47,103697,1434],{"class":155},[47,103699,309],{"class":151},[47,103701,668],{"class":77},[47,103703,303],{"class":151},[47,103705,1443],{"class":155},[47,103707,309],{"class":151},[47,103709,9240],{"class":77},[47,103711,103712],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,103713,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,103715,103716,103718,103720,103722,103724,103726,103728,103730],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,103717,36225],{"class":53},[47,103719,914],{"class":77},[47,103721,102839],{"class":81},[47,103723,78],{"class":77},[47,103725,309],{"class":151},[47,103727,22467],{"class":155},[47,103729,309],{"class":151},[47,103731,85],{"class":77},[47,103733,103734],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,103735,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,103737,103738,103740,103742,103744],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,103739,99],{"class":98},[47,103741,78],{"class":77},[47,103743,36225],{"class":81},[47,103745,85],{"class":77},[20,103747,129],{},[38,103749,103751],{"className":40,"code":103750,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,103752,103753],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,103754,103755,103757,103759,103761,103763,103765,103767,103769,103771,103773,103775,103777,103779],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,103756,9211],{"class":77},[47,103758,159],{"class":151},[47,103760,1434],{"class":155},[47,103762,159],{"class":151},[47,103764,668],{"class":77},[47,103766,152],{"class":151},[47,103768,1425],{"class":155},[47,103770,159],{"class":151},[47,103772,668],{"class":77},[47,103774,152],{"class":151},[47,103776,1443],{"class":155},[47,103778,159],{"class":151},[47,103780,9240],{"class":77},[20,103782,103783],{},"No error happens here.",[20,103785,103786],{},"This is helpful in beginner code because you do not need to check first:",[38,103788,103790],{"className":40,"code":103789,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"if \"grape\" in fruits:\n    fruits.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,103791,103792,103808],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,103793,103794,103796,103798,103800,103802,103804,103806],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,103795,6930],{"class":3812},[47,103797,303],{"class":151},[47,103799,22467],{"class":155},[47,103801,309],{"class":151},[47,103803,21109],{"class":57},[47,103805,52778],{"class":53},[47,103807,6329],{"class":77},[47,103809,103810,103813,103815,103817,103819,103821,103823,103825],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,103811,103812],{"class":53},"    fruits",[47,103814,914],{"class":77},[47,103816,34727],{"class":81},[47,103818,78],{"class":77},[47,103820,309],{"class":151},[47,103822,22467],{"class":155},[47,103824,309],{"class":151},[47,103826,85],{"class":77},[20,103828,103829,103830,103832],{},"With ",[15,103831,102772],{},", you can simply write:",[38,103834,103836],{"className":40,"code":103835,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits.discard(\"grape\")\n",[15,103837,103838],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,103839,103840,103842,103844,103846,103848,103850,103852,103854],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,103841,36225],{"class":53},[47,103843,914],{"class":77},[47,103845,102839],{"class":81},[47,103847,78],{"class":77},[47,103849,309],{"class":151},[47,103851,22467],{"class":155},[47,103853,309],{"class":151},[47,103855,85],{"class":77},[33,103857,773,103859],{"id":103858},"when-to-use-discard",[15,103860,102772],{},[20,103862,165,103863,10533],{},[15,103864,102772],{},[185,103866,103867,103870,103873],{},[188,103868,103869],{},"Missing values are normal",[188,103871,103872],{},"You want simple, safe removal",[188,103874,103875],{},"You do not want to write an existence check first",[20,103877,103878],{},"It is a good choice when your program does not care whether the value was already missing.",[33,103880,2775],{"id":2774},[20,103882,8378,103883,914],{},[15,103884,102772],{},[373,103886,1400,103888,103890],{"id":103887},"expecting-discard-to-return-the-changed-set",[15,103889,102772],{}," to return the changed set",[20,103892,4460],{},[38,103894,103896],{"className":40,"code":103895,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,103897,103898,103918,103936,103940],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,103899,103900,103902,103904,103906,103908,103910,103912,103914,103916],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,103901,3554],{"class":53},[47,103903,58],{"class":57},[47,103905,10423],{"class":77},[47,103907,665],{"class":61},[47,103909,668],{"class":77},[47,103911,671],{"class":61},[47,103913,668],{"class":77},[47,103915,676],{"class":61},[47,103917,9240],{"class":77},[47,103919,103920,103922,103924,103926,103928,103930,103932,103934],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,103921,3554],{"class":53},[47,103923,58],{"class":57},[47,103925,4198],{"class":53},[47,103927,914],{"class":77},[47,103929,102839],{"class":81},[47,103931,78],{"class":77},[47,103933,2016],{"class":61},[47,103935,85],{"class":77},[47,103937,103938],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,103939,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,103941,103942,103944,103946,103948],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,103943,99],{"class":98},[47,103945,78],{"class":77},[47,103947,3584],{"class":81},[47,103949,85],{"class":77},[20,103951,103952,194,103954,8532,103956,2346,103958,914],{},[15,103953,3584],{},[15,103955,3713],{},[15,103957,102772],{},[15,103959,3713],{},[20,103961,18776],{},[38,103963,103965],{"className":40,"code":103964,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,103966,103967,103987,104001,104005],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,103968,103969,103971,103973,103975,103977,103979,103981,103983,103985],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,103970,3554],{"class":53},[47,103972,58],{"class":57},[47,103974,10423],{"class":77},[47,103976,665],{"class":61},[47,103978,668],{"class":77},[47,103980,671],{"class":61},[47,103982,668],{"class":77},[47,103984,676],{"class":61},[47,103986,9240],{"class":77},[47,103988,103989,103991,103993,103995,103997,103999],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,103990,3584],{"class":53},[47,103992,914],{"class":77},[47,103994,102839],{"class":81},[47,103996,78],{"class":77},[47,103998,2016],{"class":61},[47,104000,85],{"class":77},[47,104002,104003],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,104004,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,104006,104007,104009,104011,104013],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,104008,99],{"class":98},[47,104010,78],{"class":77},[47,104012,3584],{"class":81},[47,104014,85],{"class":77},[373,104016,37138,104018,8636,104020],{"id":104017},"confusing-discard-with-remove",[15,104019,102772],{},[15,104021,55456],{},[20,104023,104024,104025,914],{},"If you want to avoid errors for missing values, use ",[15,104026,102772],{},[38,104028,104030],{"className":40,"code":104029,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"z\")   # safe\nprint(letters)\n",[15,104031,104032,104064,104085],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,104033,104034,104036,104038,104040,104042,104044,104046,104048,104050,104052,104054,104056,104058,104060,104062],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,104035,36024],{"class":53},[47,104037,58],{"class":57},[47,104039,10423],{"class":77},[47,104041,309],{"class":151},[47,104043,360],{"class":155},[47,104045,309],{"class":151},[47,104047,668],{"class":77},[47,104049,303],{"class":151},[47,104051,4696],{"class":155},[47,104053,309],{"class":151},[47,104055,668],{"class":77},[47,104057,303],{"class":151},[47,104059,9671],{"class":155},[47,104061,309],{"class":151},[47,104063,9240],{"class":77},[47,104065,104066,104068,104070,104072,104074,104076,104078,104080,104082],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,104067,36077],{"class":53},[47,104069,914],{"class":77},[47,104071,102839],{"class":81},[47,104073,78],{"class":77},[47,104075,309],{"class":151},[47,104077,22011],{"class":155},[47,104079,309],{"class":151},[47,104081,862],{"class":77},[47,104083,104084],{"class":1378},"   # safe\n",[47,104086,104087,104089,104091,104093],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,104088,99],{"class":98},[47,104090,78],{"class":77},[47,104092,36077],{"class":81},[47,104094,85],{"class":77},[20,104096,104097,104098,45839,104101,914],{},"If you use ",[15,104099,104100],{},"remove(\"z\")",[15,104102,19623],{},[373,104104,25551,104106,104108],{"id":104105},"trying-to-use-discard-on-a-list-instead-of-a-set",[15,104107,102772],{}," on a list instead of a set",[20,104110,104111,102125],{},[15,104112,102772],{},[20,104114,16579],{},[38,104116,104118],{"className":40,"code":104117,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.discard(2)\n",[15,104119,104120,104140],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,104121,104122,104124,104126,104128,104130,104132,104134,104136,104138],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,104123,657],{"class":53},[47,104125,58],{"class":57},[47,104127,662],{"class":77},[47,104129,665],{"class":61},[47,104131,668],{"class":77},[47,104133,671],{"class":61},[47,104135,668],{"class":77},[47,104137,676],{"class":61},[47,104139,679],{"class":77},[47,104141,104142,104144,104146,104148,104150,104152],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,104143,692],{"class":53},[47,104145,914],{"class":77},[47,104147,102839],{"class":81},[47,104149,78],{"class":77},[47,104151,2016],{"class":61},[47,104153,85],{"class":77},[20,104155,104156,104157,2826],{},"Use a set if you need ",[15,104158,102772],{},[38,104160,104162],{"className":40,"code":104161,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.discard(2)\nprint(items)\n",[15,104163,104164,104184,104198],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,104165,104166,104168,104170,104172,104174,104176,104178,104180,104182],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,104167,657],{"class":53},[47,104169,58],{"class":57},[47,104171,10423],{"class":77},[47,104173,665],{"class":61},[47,104175,668],{"class":77},[47,104177,671],{"class":61},[47,104179,668],{"class":77},[47,104181,676],{"class":61},[47,104183,9240],{"class":77},[47,104185,104186,104188,104190,104192,104194,104196],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,104187,692],{"class":53},[47,104189,914],{"class":77},[47,104191,102839],{"class":81},[47,104193,78],{"class":77},[47,104195,2016],{"class":61},[47,104197,85],{"class":77},[47,104199,104200,104202,104204,104206],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,104201,99],{"class":98},[47,104203,78],{"class":77},[47,104205,692],{"class":81},[47,104207,85],{"class":77},[373,104209,104211],{"id":104210},"passing-an-unhashable-value-such-as-a-list","Passing an unhashable value such as a list",[20,104213,104214],{},"Set items must be hashable. A list is not hashable.",[20,104216,2782],{},[38,104218,104220],{"className":40,"code":104219,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {1, 2, 3}\ndata.discard([2])\n",[15,104221,104222,104242],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,104223,104224,104226,104228,104230,104232,104234,104236,104238,104240],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,104225,9098],{"class":53},[47,104227,58],{"class":57},[47,104229,10423],{"class":77},[47,104231,665],{"class":61},[47,104233,668],{"class":77},[47,104235,671],{"class":61},[47,104237,668],{"class":77},[47,104239,676],{"class":61},[47,104241,9240],{"class":77},[47,104243,104244,104246,104248,104250,104252,104254],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,104245,9137],{"class":53},[47,104247,914],{"class":77},[47,104249,102839],{"class":81},[47,104251,2928],{"class":77},[47,104253,2016],{"class":61},[47,104255,3825],{"class":77},[20,104257,104258],{},"Use a valid set element type instead, such as a number, string, or tuple.",[33,104260,8804],{"id":8803},[20,104262,8807,104263,104265],{},[15,104264,102772],{}," is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[38,104267,104269],{"className":40,"code":104268,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value in my_set)\nhelp(set.discard)\n",[15,104270,104271,104281,104295,104309],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,104272,104273,104275,104277,104279],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,104274,99],{"class":98},[47,104276,78],{"class":77},[47,104278,15601],{"class":81},[47,104280,85],{"class":77},[47,104282,104283,104285,104287,104289,104291,104293],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,104284,99],{"class":98},[47,104286,78],{"class":77},[47,104288,116],{"class":73},[47,104290,78],{"class":77},[47,104292,15601],{"class":81},[47,104294,123],{"class":77},[47,104296,104297,104299,104301,104303,104305,104307],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,104298,99],{"class":98},[47,104300,78],{"class":77},[47,104302,566],{"class":81},[47,104304,3819],{"class":3812},[47,104306,96842],{"class":81},[47,104308,85],{"class":77},[47,104310,104311,104313,104315,104317,104319,104321],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,104312,32087],{"class":98},[47,104314,78],{"class":77},[47,104316,6222],{"class":73},[47,104318,914],{"class":77},[47,104320,102839],{"class":24685},[47,104322,85],{"class":77},[20,104324,11104],{},[185,104326,104327,104330,104333,104336],{},[188,104328,104329],{},"What is currently in the set",[188,104331,104332],{},"Whether the variable is really a set",[188,104334,104335],{},"Whether the value exists before removal",[188,104337,104338],{},"How Python documents the method",[33,104340,1762],{"id":1761},[373,104342,104344],{"id":104343},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-in-the-set","What happens if the item is not in the set?",[20,104346,104347,104348,104350],{},"Nothing happens. ",[15,104349,102772],{}," does not raise an error when the item is missing.",[373,104352,1766,104354,12649],{"id":104353},"what-does-setdiscard-return",[15,104355,102777],{},[20,104357,5080,104358,104360],{},[15,104359,3713],{},". It changes the original set instead of creating a new one.",[373,104362,5111,104364,4329,104366,1812],{"id":104363},"what-is-the-difference-between-discard-and-remove",[15,104365,102772],{},[15,104367,55456],{},[20,104369,104370,104371,26471,104373,104375,104376,104378],{},"Both remove items from a set. ",[15,104372,55456],{},[15,104374,19623],{}," if the item is missing, but ",[15,104377,102772],{}," does not.",[373,104380,28262,104382,104384],{"id":104381},"can-i-use-discard-with-lists-or-dictionaries",[15,104383,102772],{}," with lists or dictionaries?",[20,104386,1815,104387,104389],{},[15,104388,102772],{}," is a set method, so it works on set objects.",[33,104391,1825],{"id":1824},[185,104393,104394,104400,104406,104411,104415],{},[188,104395,104396],{},[360,104397,96732,104398,10673],{"href":98127},[15,104399,55456],{},[188,104401,104402],{},[360,104403,96732,104404,10673],{"href":98132},[15,104405,12696],{},[188,104407,104408],{},[360,104409,104410],{"href":97801},"Python set: creating a set",[188,104412,104413],{},[360,104414,100267],{"href":98709},[188,104416,104417],{},[360,104418,11196],{"href":11007},[1875,104420,104421],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":65,"depth":65,"links":104423},[104424,104425,104427,104430,104435,104436,104437,104438,104440,104449,104450,104459],{"id":35,"depth":65,"text":36},{"id":102949,"depth":65,"text":104426},"What set.discard() does",{"id":244,"depth":65,"text":245,"children":104428},[104429],{"id":103022,"depth":88,"text":103023},{"id":103102,"depth":65,"text":104431,"children":104432},"What makes discard() different",[104433],{"id":103141,"depth":88,"text":104434},"discard() vs remove()",{"id":103294,"depth":65,"text":103295},{"id":11408,"depth":65,"text":11409},{"id":103665,"depth":65,"text":103666},{"id":103858,"depth":65,"text":104439},"When to use discard()",{"id":2774,"depth":65,"text":2775,"children":104441},[104442,104444,104446,104448],{"id":103887,"depth":88,"text":104443},"Expecting discard() to return the changed set",{"id":104017,"depth":88,"text":104445},"Confusing discard() with remove()",{"id":104105,"depth":88,"text":104447},"Trying to use discard() on a list instead of a set",{"id":104210,"depth":88,"text":104211},{"id":8803,"depth":65,"text":8804},{"id":1761,"depth":65,"text":1762,"children":104451},[104452,104453,104455,104457],{"id":104343,"depth":88,"text":104344},{"id":104353,"depth":88,"text":104454},"What does set.discard() return?",{"id":104363,"depth":88,"text":104456},"What is the difference between discard() and remove()?",{"id":104381,"depth":88,"text":104458},"Can I use discard() with lists or dictionaries?",{"id":1824,"depth":65,"text":1825},"Master python set discard method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method",{"title":102764,"description":104460},"reference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method","-9zfcGzLEa24aaupYhVun2XniU742IAOkMaj9_B4X44",{"id":104467,"title":104468,"body":104469,"description":106475,"extension":1922,"meta":106476,"navigation":91,"path":106477,"seo":106478,"stem":106479,"__hash__":106480},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained.md","Python set() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":104470,"toc":106433},[104471,104474,104482,104487,104498,104500,104555,104559,104579,104584,104588,104593,104595,104609,104611,104686,104688,104721,104726,104731,104733,104735,104750,104753,104761,104766,104781,104783,104872,104874,104963,104969,104973,104975,105013,105015,105039,105042,105057,105059,105114,105116,105149,105151,105156,105160,105164,105169,105234,105236,105256,105262,105266,105323,105325,105346,105350,105355,105400,105402,105435,105438,105442,105475,105477,105506,105510,105514,105517,105519,105538,105540,105586,105591,105605,105607,105638,105643,105646,105690,105692,105720,105724,105728,105744,105747,105812,105814,105826,105829,105833,105836,105841,105869,105871,105889,105895,105934,105936,105954,105960,105989,105991,106009,106012,106029,106031,106036,106040,106043,106069,106076,106081,106096,106105,106109,106112,106143,106149,106152,106161,106164,106166,106168,106226,106229,106254,106256,106260,106263,106267,106275,106279,106282,106286,106289,106291,106314,106316,106357,106364,106372,106375,106406,106408,106430],[10,104472,104468],{"id":104473},"python-set-function-explained",[20,104475,9055,104476,104478,104479,914],{},[15,104477,3732],{}," function creates a set in Python. A set is a collection that stores ",[127,104480,104481],{},"unique values only",[20,104483,35339,104484,104486],{},[15,104485,3732],{}," to:",[185,104488,104489,104492,104495],{},[188,104490,104491],{},"remove duplicates from a list",[188,104493,104494],{},"check whether a value exists",[188,104496,104497],{},"work with set operations like union and intersection",[33,104499,36],{"id":35},[38,104501,104503],{"className":40,"code":104502,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nunique_numbers = set(numbers)\nprint(unique_numbers)\n",[15,104504,104505,104529,104544],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,104506,104507,104509,104511,104513,104515,104517,104519,104521,104523,104525,104527],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,104508,3554],{"class":53},[47,104510,58],{"class":57},[47,104512,662],{"class":77},[47,104514,665],{"class":61},[47,104516,668],{"class":77},[47,104518,671],{"class":61},[47,104520,668],{"class":77},[47,104522,671],{"class":61},[47,104524,668],{"class":77},[47,104526,676],{"class":61},[47,104528,679],{"class":77},[47,104530,104531,104534,104536,104538,104540,104542],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,104532,104533],{"class":53},"unique_numbers ",[47,104535,58],{"class":57},[47,104537,15568],{"class":73},[47,104539,78],{"class":77},[47,104541,3584],{"class":81},[47,104543,85],{"class":77},[47,104545,104546,104548,104550,104553],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,104547,99],{"class":98},[47,104549,78],{"class":77},[47,104551,104552],{"class":81},"unique_numbers",[47,104554,85],{"class":77},[20,104556,104557],{},[127,104558,129],{},[38,104560,104561],{"className":40,"code":96525,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,104562,104563],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,104564,104565,104567,104569,104571,104573,104575,104577],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,104566,9211],{"class":77},[47,104568,665],{"class":61},[47,104570,668],{"class":77},[47,104572,671],{"class":61},[47,104574,668],{"class":77},[47,104576,676],{"class":61},[47,104578,9240],{"class":77},[20,104580,165,104581,104583],{},[15,104582,3732],{}," to create a set from an iterable. A set keeps only unique values.",[33,104585,104587],{"id":104586},"what-set-does","What set() does",[20,104589,104590,104592],{},[15,104591,3732],{}," creates a new set object.",[20,104594,30474],{},[185,104596,104597,104600,104603,104606],{},[188,104598,104599],{},"A set stores unique items only",[188,104601,104602],{},"Duplicate values are removed automatically",[188,104604,104605],{},"Sets are unordered, so item order is not guaranteed",[188,104607,104608],{},"A very common use is removing duplicates from a list or another iterable",[20,104610,800],{},[38,104612,104614],{"className":40,"code":104613,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\nunique_colors = set(colors)\n\nprint(unique_colors)\n",[15,104615,104616,104656,104671,104675],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,104617,104618,104620,104622,104624,104626,104628,104630,104632,104634,104636,104638,104640,104642,104644,104646,104648,104650,104652,104654],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,104619,13010],{"class":53},[47,104621,58],{"class":57},[47,104623,662],{"class":77},[47,104625,309],{"class":151},[47,104627,13027],{"class":155},[47,104629,309],{"class":151},[47,104631,668],{"class":77},[47,104633,303],{"class":151},[47,104635,13044],{"class":155},[47,104637,309],{"class":151},[47,104639,668],{"class":77},[47,104641,303],{"class":151},[47,104643,13027],{"class":155},[47,104645,309],{"class":151},[47,104647,668],{"class":77},[47,104649,303],{"class":151},[47,104651,17390],{"class":155},[47,104653,309],{"class":151},[47,104655,679],{"class":77},[47,104657,104658,104661,104663,104665,104667,104669],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,104659,104660],{"class":53},"unique_colors ",[47,104662,58],{"class":57},[47,104664,15568],{"class":73},[47,104666,78],{"class":77},[47,104668,17437],{"class":81},[47,104670,85],{"class":77},[47,104672,104673],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,104674,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,104676,104677,104679,104681,104684],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,104678,99],{"class":98},[47,104680,78],{"class":77},[47,104682,104683],{"class":81},"unique_colors",[47,104685,85],{"class":77},[20,104687,29964],{},[38,104689,104691],{"className":40,"code":104690,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'blue', 'green', 'red'}\n",[15,104692,104693],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,104694,104695,104697,104699,104701,104703,104705,104707,104709,104711,104713,104715,104717,104719],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,104696,9211],{"class":77},[47,104698,159],{"class":151},[47,104700,13044],{"class":155},[47,104702,159],{"class":151},[47,104704,668],{"class":77},[47,104706,152],{"class":151},[47,104708,17390],{"class":155},[47,104710,159],{"class":151},[47,104712,668],{"class":77},[47,104714,152],{"class":151},[47,104716,13027],{"class":155},[47,104718,159],{"class":151},[47,104720,9240],{"class":77},[20,104722,2240,104723,104725],{},[15,104724,65319],{}," appears only once.",[20,104727,104728,104729,914],{},"If you want a broader beginner introduction to sets, see ",[360,104730,96246],{"href":96245},[33,104732,245],{"id":244},[20,104734,2117],{},[38,104736,104738],{"className":40,"code":104737,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"set(iterable)\n",[15,104739,104740],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,104741,104742,104744,104746,104748],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,104743,6222],{"class":73},[47,104745,78],{"class":77},[47,104747,3655],{"class":81},[47,104749,85],{"class":77},[20,104751,104752],{},"The argument is optional.",[185,104754,104755,104758],{},[188,104756,104757],{},"If you pass an iterable, Python creates a set from its items",[188,104759,104760],{},"If you pass nothing, Python creates an empty set",[20,104762,104763,104764,2826],{},"Common iterables you can use with ",[15,104765,3732],{},[185,104767,104768,104770,104772,104774,104778],{},[188,104769,8025],{},[188,104771,48878],{},[188,104773,61102],{},[188,104775,104776],{},[15,104777,36132],{},[188,104779,104780],{},"another set",[20,104782,2083],{},[38,104784,104786],{"className":40,"code":104785,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(set([1, 2, 2, 3]))\nprint(set((10, 20, 10)))\nprint(set(\"hello\"))\nprint(set(range(4)))\n",[15,104787,104788,104814,104836,104854],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,104789,104790,104792,104794,104796,104798,104800,104802,104804,104806,104808,104810,104812],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,104791,99],{"class":98},[47,104793,78],{"class":77},[47,104795,6222],{"class":73},[47,104797,2928],{"class":77},[47,104799,665],{"class":61},[47,104801,668],{"class":77},[47,104803,671],{"class":61},[47,104805,668],{"class":77},[47,104807,671],{"class":61},[47,104809,668],{"class":77},[47,104811,676],{"class":61},[47,104813,2941],{"class":77},[47,104815,104816,104818,104820,104822,104824,104826,104828,104830,104832,104834],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,104817,99],{"class":98},[47,104819,78],{"class":77},[47,104821,6222],{"class":73},[47,104823,5444],{"class":77},[47,104825,193],{"class":61},[47,104827,668],{"class":77},[47,104829,7722],{"class":61},[47,104831,668],{"class":77},[47,104833,5939],{"class":61},[47,104835,2854],{"class":77},[47,104837,104838,104840,104842,104844,104846,104848,104850,104852],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,104839,99],{"class":98},[47,104841,78],{"class":77},[47,104843,6222],{"class":73},[47,104845,78],{"class":77},[47,104847,309],{"class":151},[47,104849,3781],{"class":155},[47,104851,309],{"class":151},[47,104853,123],{"class":77},[47,104855,104856,104858,104860,104862,104864,104866,104868,104870],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,104857,99],{"class":98},[47,104859,78],{"class":77},[47,104861,6222],{"class":73},[47,104863,78],{"class":77},[47,104865,59926],{"class":98},[47,104867,78],{"class":77},[47,104869,2451],{"class":61},[47,104871,2854],{"class":77},[20,104873,29964],{},[38,104875,104877],{"className":40,"code":104876,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 2, 3}\n{10, 20}\n{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n{0, 1, 2, 3}\n",[15,104878,104879,104895,104907,104943],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,104880,104881,104883,104885,104887,104889,104891,104893],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,104882,9211],{"class":77},[47,104884,665],{"class":61},[47,104886,668],{"class":77},[47,104888,671],{"class":61},[47,104890,668],{"class":77},[47,104892,676],{"class":61},[47,104894,9240],{"class":77},[47,104896,104897,104899,104901,104903,104905],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,104898,9211],{"class":77},[47,104900,193],{"class":61},[47,104902,668],{"class":77},[47,104904,7722],{"class":61},[47,104906,9240],{"class":77},[47,104908,104909,104911,104913,104915,104917,104919,104921,104923,104925,104927,104929,104931,104933,104935,104937,104939,104941],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,104910,9211],{"class":77},[47,104912,159],{"class":151},[47,104914,60366],{"class":155},[47,104916,159],{"class":151},[47,104918,668],{"class":77},[47,104920,152],{"class":151},[47,104922,60375],{"class":155},[47,104924,159],{"class":151},[47,104926,668],{"class":77},[47,104928,152],{"class":151},[47,104930,60384],{"class":155},[47,104932,159],{"class":151},[47,104934,668],{"class":77},[47,104936,152],{"class":151},[47,104938,60401],{"class":155},[47,104940,159],{"class":151},[47,104942,9240],{"class":77},[47,104944,104945,104947,104949,104951,104953,104955,104957,104959,104961],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,104946,9211],{"class":77},[47,104948,2077],{"class":61},[47,104950,668],{"class":77},[47,104952,5431],{"class":61},[47,104954,668],{"class":77},[47,104956,671],{"class":61},[47,104958,668],{"class":77},[47,104960,676],{"class":61},[47,104962,9240],{"class":77},[20,104964,104965,104966,914],{},"If you are comparing built-in constructors, you may also want to read ",[360,104967,104968],{"href":64774},"Python list() function explained",[33,104970,104972],{"id":104971},"creating-an-empty-set-correctly","Creating an empty set correctly",[20,104974,98198],{},[38,104976,104977],{"className":40,"code":99163,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,104978,104979,104989,104999],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,104980,104981,104983,104985,104987],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,104982,98208],{"class":53},[47,104984,58],{"class":57},[47,104986,15568],{"class":73},[47,104988,8574],{"class":77},[47,104990,104991,104993,104995,104997],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,104992,99],{"class":98},[47,104994,78],{"class":77},[47,104996,98227],{"class":81},[47,104998,85],{"class":77},[47,105000,105001,105003,105005,105007,105009,105011],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,105002,99],{"class":98},[47,105004,78],{"class":77},[47,105006,116],{"class":73},[47,105008,78],{"class":77},[47,105010,98227],{"class":81},[47,105012,123],{"class":77},[20,105014,129],{},[38,105016,105017],{"className":40,"code":99206,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,105018,105019,105025],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105020,105021,105023],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105022,6222],{"class":73},[47,105024,8574],{"class":77},[47,105026,105027,105029,105031,105033,105035,105037],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,105028,144],{"class":57},[47,105030,148],{"class":147},[47,105032,152],{"class":151},[47,105034,6222],{"class":155},[47,105036,159],{"class":151},[47,105038,162],{"class":57},[20,105040,105041],{},"This is important because:",[185,105043,105044,105049],{},[188,105045,105046,105048],{},[15,105047,3732],{}," creates an empty set",[188,105050,105051,105053,105054,105056],{},[15,105052,3727],{}," creates an empty dictionary, ",[127,105055,768],{}," a set",[20,105058,800],{},[38,105060,105062],{"className":40,"code":105061,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = set()\nb = {}\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\n",[15,105063,105064,105074,105082,105086,105100],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105065,105066,105068,105070,105072],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105067,2501],{"class":53},[47,105069,58],{"class":57},[47,105071,15568],{"class":73},[47,105073,8574],{"class":77},[47,105075,105076,105078,105080],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,105077,2529],{"class":53},[47,105079,58],{"class":57},[47,105081,9770],{"class":77},[47,105083,105084],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,105085,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,105087,105088,105090,105092,105094,105096,105098],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,105089,99],{"class":98},[47,105091,78],{"class":77},[47,105093,116],{"class":73},[47,105095,78],{"class":77},[47,105097,360],{"class":81},[47,105099,123],{"class":77},[47,105101,105102,105104,105106,105108,105110,105112],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,105103,99],{"class":98},[47,105105,78],{"class":77},[47,105107,116],{"class":73},[47,105109,78],{"class":77},[47,105111,4696],{"class":81},[47,105113,123],{"class":77},[20,105115,129],{},[38,105117,105119],{"className":40,"code":105118,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,105120,105121,105135],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105122,105123,105125,105127,105129,105131,105133],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105124,144],{"class":57},[47,105126,148],{"class":147},[47,105128,152],{"class":151},[47,105130,6222],{"class":155},[47,105132,159],{"class":151},[47,105134,162],{"class":57},[47,105136,105137,105139,105141,105143,105145,105147],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,105138,144],{"class":57},[47,105140,148],{"class":147},[47,105142,152],{"class":151},[47,105144,8753],{"class":155},[47,105146,159],{"class":151},[47,105148,162],{"class":57},[20,105150,13984],{},[20,105152,105153,105154,914],{},"For more on creating sets, see ",[360,105155,104410],{"href":96249},[33,105157,105159],{"id":105158},"using-set-with-common-iterables","Using set() with common iterables",[373,105161,105163],{"id":105162},"from-a-list","From a list",[20,105165,105166,105167,914],{},"This is one of the most common uses of ",[15,105168,3732],{},[38,105170,105172],{"className":40,"code":105171,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3]\nresult = set(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105173,105174,105206,105220,105224],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105175,105176,105178,105180,105182,105184,105186,105188,105190,105192,105194,105196,105198,105200,105202,105204],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105177,3554],{"class":53},[47,105179,58],{"class":57},[47,105181,662],{"class":77},[47,105183,665],{"class":61},[47,105185,668],{"class":77},[47,105187,671],{"class":61},[47,105189,668],{"class":77},[47,105191,671],{"class":61},[47,105193,668],{"class":77},[47,105195,676],{"class":61},[47,105197,668],{"class":77},[47,105199,676],{"class":61},[47,105201,668],{"class":77},[47,105203,676],{"class":61},[47,105205,679],{"class":77},[47,105207,105208,105210,105212,105214,105216,105218],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,105209,2184],{"class":53},[47,105211,58],{"class":57},[47,105213,15568],{"class":73},[47,105215,78],{"class":77},[47,105217,3584],{"class":81},[47,105219,85],{"class":77},[47,105221,105222],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,105223,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,105225,105226,105228,105230,105232],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,105227,99],{"class":98},[47,105229,78],{"class":77},[47,105231,2218],{"class":81},[47,105233,85],{"class":77},[20,105235,129],{},[38,105237,105238],{"className":40,"code":96525,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,105239,105240],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105241,105242,105244,105246,105248,105250,105252,105254],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105243,9211],{"class":77},[47,105245,665],{"class":61},[47,105247,668],{"class":77},[47,105249,671],{"class":61},[47,105251,668],{"class":77},[47,105253,676],{"class":61},[47,105255,9240],{"class":77},[20,105257,105258,105259,914],{},"This is useful when you need unique values. For a task-focused example, see ",[360,105260,98996],{"href":105261},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python",[373,105263,105265],{"id":105264},"from-a-tuple","From a tuple",[38,105267,105269],{"className":40,"code":105268,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = (5, 5, 10, 15)\nresult = set(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105270,105271,105295,105309,105313],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105272,105273,105275,105277,105279,105281,105283,105285,105287,105289,105291,105293],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105274,3758],{"class":53},[47,105276,58],{"class":57},[47,105278,9169],{"class":77},[47,105280,2094],{"class":61},[47,105282,668],{"class":77},[47,105284,4540],{"class":61},[47,105286,668],{"class":77},[47,105288,5939],{"class":61},[47,105290,668],{"class":77},[47,105292,37871],{"class":61},[47,105294,85],{"class":77},[47,105296,105297,105299,105301,105303,105305,105307],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,105298,2184],{"class":53},[47,105300,58],{"class":57},[47,105302,15568],{"class":73},[47,105304,78],{"class":77},[47,105306,5291],{"class":81},[47,105308,85],{"class":77},[47,105310,105311],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,105312,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,105314,105315,105317,105319,105321],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,105316,99],{"class":98},[47,105318,78],{"class":77},[47,105320,2218],{"class":81},[47,105322,85],{"class":77},[20,105324,129],{},[38,105326,105328],{"className":40,"code":105327,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{5, 10, 15}\n",[15,105329,105330],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105331,105332,105334,105336,105338,105340,105342,105344],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105333,9211],{"class":77},[47,105335,2094],{"class":61},[47,105337,668],{"class":77},[47,105339,5939],{"class":61},[47,105341,668],{"class":77},[47,105343,37871],{"class":61},[47,105345,9240],{"class":77},[373,105347,105349],{"id":105348},"from-a-string","From a string",[20,105351,51053,105352,105354],{},[15,105353,3732],{}," on a string, Python treats the string as an iterable of characters.",[38,105356,105358],{"className":40,"code":105357,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = set(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105359,105360,105372,105386,105390],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105361,105362,105364,105366,105368,105370],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105363,68],{"class":53},[47,105365,58],{"class":57},[47,105367,303],{"class":151},[47,105369,1434],{"class":155},[47,105371,820],{"class":151},[47,105373,105374,105376,105378,105380,105382,105384],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,105375,2184],{"class":53},[47,105377,58],{"class":57},[47,105379,15568],{"class":73},[47,105381,78],{"class":77},[47,105383,104],{"class":81},[47,105385,85],{"class":77},[47,105387,105388],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,105389,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,105391,105392,105394,105396,105398],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,105393,99],{"class":98},[47,105395,78],{"class":77},[47,105397,2218],{"class":81},[47,105399,85],{"class":77},[20,105401,29964],{},[38,105403,105405],{"className":40,"code":105404,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'b', 'a', 'n'}\n",[15,105406,105407],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105408,105409,105411,105413,105415,105417,105419,105421,105423,105425,105427,105429,105431,105433],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105410,9211],{"class":77},[47,105412,159],{"class":151},[47,105414,4696],{"class":155},[47,105416,159],{"class":151},[47,105418,668],{"class":77},[47,105420,152],{"class":151},[47,105422,360],{"class":155},[47,105424,159],{"class":151},[47,105426,668],{"class":77},[47,105428,152],{"class":151},[47,105430,75954],{"class":155},[47,105432,159],{"class":151},[47,105434,9240],{"class":77},[20,105436,105437],{},"The result contains unique characters only.",[373,105439,105441],{"id":105440},"from-range","From range()",[38,105443,105445],{"className":40,"code":105444,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"result = set(range(5))\nprint(result)\n",[15,105446,105447,105465],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105448,105449,105451,105453,105455,105457,105459,105461,105463],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105450,2184],{"class":53},[47,105452,58],{"class":57},[47,105454,15568],{"class":73},[47,105456,78],{"class":77},[47,105458,59926],{"class":98},[47,105460,78],{"class":77},[47,105462,2094],{"class":61},[47,105464,123],{"class":77},[47,105466,105467,105469,105471,105473],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,105468,99],{"class":98},[47,105470,78],{"class":77},[47,105472,2218],{"class":81},[47,105474,85],{"class":77},[20,105476,129],{},[38,105478,105480],{"className":40,"code":105479,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{0, 1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,105481,105482],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105483,105484,105486,105488,105490,105492,105494,105496,105498,105500,105502,105504],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105485,9211],{"class":77},[47,105487,2077],{"class":61},[47,105489,668],{"class":77},[47,105491,5431],{"class":61},[47,105493,668],{"class":77},[47,105495,671],{"class":61},[47,105497,668],{"class":77},[47,105499,676],{"class":61},[47,105501,668],{"class":77},[47,105503,2404],{"class":61},[47,105505,9240],{"class":77},[33,105507,105509],{"id":105508},"what-kinds-of-values-a-set-can-contain","What kinds of values a set can contain",[20,105511,99443,105512,914],{},[127,105513,96289],{},[20,105515,105516],{},"In simple terms, this means the value must be a type Python can safely use inside a set.",[20,105518,99449],{},[185,105520,105521,105525,105529,105533],{},[188,105522,105523],{},[15,105524,1050],{},[188,105526,105527],{},[15,105528,156],{},[188,105530,105531],{},[15,105532,1755],{},[188,105534,105535,105537],{},[15,105536,48878],{}," (if its contents are also hashable)",[20,105539,800],{},[38,105541,105543],{"className":40,"code":105542,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = {1, \"hello\", (10, 20)}\nprint(items)\n",[15,105544,105545,105576],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105546,105547,105549,105551,105553,105555,105557,105559,105561,105563,105565,105567,105569,105571,105573],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105548,657],{"class":53},[47,105550,58],{"class":57},[47,105552,10423],{"class":77},[47,105554,665],{"class":61},[47,105556,668],{"class":77},[47,105558,303],{"class":151},[47,105560,3781],{"class":155},[47,105562,309],{"class":151},[47,105564,668],{"class":77},[47,105566,9169],{"class":77},[47,105568,193],{"class":61},[47,105570,668],{"class":77},[47,105572,7722],{"class":61},[47,105574,105575],{"class":77},")}\n",[47,105577,105578,105580,105582,105584],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,105579,99],{"class":98},[47,105581,78],{"class":77},[47,105583,692],{"class":81},[47,105585,85],{"class":77},[20,105587,99511,105588,105590],{},[127,105589,768],{}," work inside a set:",[185,105592,105593,105597,105601],{},[188,105594,105595],{},[15,105596,8025],{},[188,105598,105599],{},[15,105600,8753],{},[188,105602,105603],{},[15,105604,6222],{},[20,105606,97014],{},[38,105608,105610],{"className":40,"code":105609,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"bad_set = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,105611,105612],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105613,105614,105616,105618,105620,105622,105624,105626,105628,105630,105632,105634,105636],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105615,99530],{"class":53},[47,105617,58],{"class":57},[47,105619,99535],{"class":77},[47,105621,665],{"class":61},[47,105623,668],{"class":77},[47,105625,671],{"class":61},[47,105627,17997],{"class":77},[47,105629,662],{"class":77},[47,105631,2021],{"class":61},[47,105633,668],{"class":77},[47,105635,2404],{"class":61},[47,105637,13641],{"class":77},[20,105639,76782,105640,105642],{},[15,105641,2947],{}," because lists are mutable and cannot be added to a set.",[20,105644,105645],{},"A safer example:",[38,105647,105649],{"className":40,"code":105648,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"good_set = {(1, 2), (3, 4)}\nprint(good_set)\n",[15,105650,105651,105679],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105652,105653,105656,105658,105661,105663,105665,105667,105669,105671,105673,105675,105677],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105654,105655],{"class":53},"good_set ",[47,105657,58],{"class":57},[47,105659,105660],{"class":77}," {(",[47,105662,665],{"class":61},[47,105664,668],{"class":77},[47,105666,671],{"class":61},[47,105668,9166],{"class":77},[47,105670,9169],{"class":77},[47,105672,2021],{"class":61},[47,105674,668],{"class":77},[47,105676,2404],{"class":61},[47,105678,105575],{"class":77},[47,105680,105681,105683,105685,105688],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,105682,99],{"class":98},[47,105684,78],{"class":77},[47,105686,105687],{"class":81},"good_set",[47,105689,85],{"class":77},[20,105691,129],{},[38,105693,105695],{"className":40,"code":105694,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{(1, 2), (3, 4)}\n",[15,105696,105697],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105698,105699,105702,105704,105706,105708,105710,105712,105714,105716,105718],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105700,105701],{"class":77},"{(",[47,105703,665],{"class":61},[47,105705,668],{"class":77},[47,105707,671],{"class":61},[47,105709,9166],{"class":77},[47,105711,9169],{"class":77},[47,105713,2021],{"class":61},[47,105715,668],{"class":77},[47,105717,2404],{"class":61},[47,105719,105575],{"class":77},[33,105721,105723],{"id":105722},"when-to-use-set","When to use set()",[20,105725,165,105726,10533],{},[15,105727,3732],{},[185,105729,105730,105733,105738,105741],{},[188,105731,105732],{},"you need unique values only",[188,105734,105735,105736],{},"you want fast membership checks with ",[15,105737,3819],{},[188,105739,105740],{},"order does not matter",[188,105742,105743],{},"you need set operations like union or intersection",[20,105745,105746],{},"Example of membership checking:",[38,105748,105750],{"className":40,"code":105749,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"allowed_ids = set([101, 102, 103])\n\nprint(102 in allowed_ids)\nprint(999 in allowed_ids)\n",[15,105751,105752,105777,105781,105797],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105753,105754,105757,105759,105761,105763,105765,105767,105770,105772,105775],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105755,105756],{"class":53},"allowed_ids ",[47,105758,58],{"class":57},[47,105760,15568],{"class":73},[47,105762,2928],{"class":77},[47,105764,46520],{"class":61},[47,105766,668],{"class":77},[47,105768,105769],{"class":61}," 102",[47,105771,668],{"class":77},[47,105773,105774],{"class":61}," 103",[47,105776,3825],{"class":77},[47,105778,105779],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,105780,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,105782,105783,105785,105787,105790,105792,105795],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,105784,99],{"class":98},[47,105786,78],{"class":77},[47,105788,105789],{"class":61},"102",[47,105791,21109],{"class":3812},[47,105793,105794],{"class":81}," allowed_ids",[47,105796,85],{"class":77},[47,105798,105799,105801,105803,105806,105808,105810],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,105800,99],{"class":98},[47,105802,78],{"class":77},[47,105804,105805],{"class":61},"999",[47,105807,21109],{"class":3812},[47,105809,105794],{"class":81},[47,105811,85],{"class":77},[20,105813,129],{},[38,105815,105816],{"className":40,"code":44105,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,105817,105818,105822],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105819,105820],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105821,629],{"class":571},[47,105823,105824],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,105825,3976],{"class":571},[20,105827,105828],{},"This is a common real-world use of sets.",[33,105830,105832],{"id":105831},"set-vs","set() vs {}",[20,105834,105835],{},"These forms are similar, but they do not mean the same thing.",[373,105837,165,105839,98140],{"id":105838},"use-set-for-an-empty-set",[15,105840,3732],{},[38,105842,105843],{"className":40,"code":98201,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,105844,105845,105855],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105846,105847,105849,105851,105853],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105848,98208],{"class":53},[47,105850,58],{"class":57},[47,105852,15568],{"class":73},[47,105854,8574],{"class":77},[47,105856,105857,105859,105861,105863,105865,105867],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,105858,99],{"class":98},[47,105860,78],{"class":77},[47,105862,116],{"class":73},[47,105864,78],{"class":77},[47,105866,98227],{"class":81},[47,105868,123],{"class":77},[20,105870,129],{},[38,105872,105873],{"className":40,"code":8784,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,105874,105875],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105876,105877,105879,105881,105883,105885,105887],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105878,144],{"class":57},[47,105880,148],{"class":147},[47,105882,152],{"class":151},[47,105884,6222],{"class":155},[47,105886,159],{"class":151},[47,105888,162],{"class":57},[373,105890,165,105892,105894],{"id":105891},"use-1-2-3-for-a-non-empty-set-literal",[15,105893,100200],{}," for a non-empty set literal",[38,105896,105898],{"className":40,"code":105897,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(type(numbers))\n",[15,105899,105900,105920],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105901,105902,105904,105906,105908,105910,105912,105914,105916,105918],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105903,3554],{"class":53},[47,105905,58],{"class":57},[47,105907,10423],{"class":77},[47,105909,665],{"class":61},[47,105911,668],{"class":77},[47,105913,671],{"class":61},[47,105915,668],{"class":77},[47,105917,676],{"class":61},[47,105919,9240],{"class":77},[47,105921,105922,105924,105926,105928,105930,105932],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,105923,99],{"class":98},[47,105925,78],{"class":77},[47,105927,116],{"class":73},[47,105929,78],{"class":77},[47,105931,3584],{"class":81},[47,105933,123],{"class":77},[20,105935,129],{},[38,105937,105938],{"className":40,"code":8784,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,105939,105940],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105941,105942,105944,105946,105948,105950,105952],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105943,144],{"class":57},[47,105945,148],{"class":147},[47,105947,152],{"class":151},[47,105949,6222],{"class":155},[47,105951,159],{"class":151},[47,105953,162],{"class":57},[373,105955,165,105957,105959],{"id":105956},"use-for-an-empty-dictionary",[15,105958,3727],{}," for an empty dictionary",[38,105961,105963],{"className":40,"code":105962,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"empty_dict = {}\nprint(type(empty_dict))\n",[15,105964,105965,105974],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105966,105967,105970,105972],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105968,105969],{"class":53},"empty_dict ",[47,105971,58],{"class":57},[47,105973,9770],{"class":77},[47,105975,105976,105978,105980,105982,105984,105987],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,105977,99],{"class":98},[47,105979,78],{"class":77},[47,105981,116],{"class":73},[47,105983,78],{"class":77},[47,105985,105986],{"class":81},"empty_dict",[47,105988,123],{"class":77},[20,105990,129],{},[38,105992,105993],{"className":40,"code":8740,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,105994,105995],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105996,105997,105999,106001,106003,106005,106007],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105998,144],{"class":57},[47,106000,148],{"class":147},[47,106002,152],{"class":151},[47,106004,8753],{"class":155},[47,106006,159],{"class":151},[47,106008,162],{"class":57},[20,106010,106011],{},"So the rule is simple:",[185,106013,106014,106019,106024],{},[188,106015,106016,106018],{},[15,106017,3732],{}," → empty set",[188,106020,106021,106023],{},[15,106022,100200],{}," → non-empty set",[188,106025,106026,106028],{},[15,106027,3727],{}," → empty dictionary",[33,106030,2775],{"id":2774},[20,106032,106033,106034,914],{},"These are common problems beginners run into with ",[15,106035,3732],{},[373,106037,1335,106038,99798],{"id":99795},[15,106039,3727],{},[20,106041,106042],{},"This creates a dictionary, not a set:",[38,106044,106045],{"className":40,"code":99804,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,106046,106047,106055],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,106048,106049,106051,106053],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106050,566],{"class":53},[47,106052,58],{"class":57},[47,106054,9770],{"class":77},[47,106056,106057,106059,106061,106063,106065,106067],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,106058,99],{"class":98},[47,106060,78],{"class":77},[47,106062,116],{"class":73},[47,106064,78],{"class":77},[47,106066,585],{"class":81},[47,106068,123],{"class":77},[373,106070,106072,106073],{"id":106071},"passing-a-non-iterable-value-like-set5","Passing a non-iterable value like ",[15,106074,106075],{},"set(5)",[20,106077,106078,106080],{},[15,106079,3732],{}," expects one iterable argument. An integer is not iterable.",[38,106082,106084],{"className":40,"code":106083,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"set(5)\n",[15,106085,106086],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,106087,106088,106090,106092,106094],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106089,6222],{"class":73},[47,106091,78],{"class":77},[47,106093,2094],{"class":61},[47,106095,85],{"class":77},[20,106097,2944,106098,106100,106101,914],{},[15,106099,2947],{},". If you are seeing a related message, see ",[360,106102,106104],{"href":106103},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix","TypeError: int object is not iterable fix",[373,106106,106108],{"id":106107},"trying-to-put-lists-or-dictionaries-inside-a-set","Trying to put lists or dictionaries inside a set",[20,106110,106111],{},"This does not work because lists and dictionaries are unhashable.",[38,106113,106115],{"className":40,"code":106114,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,106116,106117],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,106118,106119,106121,106123,106125,106127,106129,106131,106133,106135,106137,106139,106141],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106120,566],{"class":53},[47,106122,58],{"class":57},[47,106124,99535],{"class":77},[47,106126,665],{"class":61},[47,106128,668],{"class":77},[47,106130,671],{"class":61},[47,106132,17997],{"class":77},[47,106134,662],{"class":77},[47,106136,2021],{"class":61},[47,106138,668],{"class":77},[47,106140,2404],{"class":61},[47,106142,13641],{"class":77},[373,106144,1400,106146,106148],{"id":106145},"expecting-set-to-keep-the-original-order",[15,106147,3732],{}," to keep the original order",[20,106150,106151],{},"Sets are unordered. If you print a set, the items may not appear in the same order as the original iterable.",[373,106153,37138,106155,8636,106157,1389,106159],{"id":106154},"confusing-set-with-list-or-dict",[15,106156,3732],{},[15,106158,24716],{},[15,106160,9052],{},[20,106162,106163],{},"These built-in functions create different types of objects. Choose the one that matches your goal.",[33,106165,60638],{"id":60637},[20,106167,11046],{},[38,106169,106171],{"className":40,"code":106170,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(type(my_value))\nprint(my_value)\nprint(list(my_set))\nprint(len(my_set))\n",[15,106172,106173,106188,106198,106212],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,106174,106175,106177,106179,106181,106183,106186],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106176,99],{"class":98},[47,106178,78],{"class":77},[47,106180,116],{"class":73},[47,106182,78],{"class":77},[47,106184,106185],{"class":81},"my_value",[47,106187,123],{"class":77},[47,106189,106190,106192,106194,106196],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,106191,99],{"class":98},[47,106193,78],{"class":77},[47,106195,106185],{"class":81},[47,106197,85],{"class":77},[47,106199,106200,106202,106204,106206,106208,106210],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,106201,99],{"class":98},[47,106203,78],{"class":77},[47,106205,8025],{"class":73},[47,106207,78],{"class":77},[47,106209,15601],{"class":81},[47,106211,123],{"class":77},[47,106213,106214,106216,106218,106220,106222,106224],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,106215,99],{"class":98},[47,106217,78],{"class":77},[47,106219,11095],{"class":98},[47,106221,78],{"class":77},[47,106223,15601],{"class":81},[47,106225,123],{"class":77},[20,106227,106228],{},"What they help you see:",[185,106230,106231,106237,106242,106248],{},[188,106232,106233,106236],{},[15,106234,106235],{},"print(type(my_value))"," checks the actual type",[188,106238,106239,90466],{},[15,106240,106241],{},"print(my_value)",[188,106243,106244,106247],{},[15,106245,106246],{},"print(list(my_set))"," converts the set to a list so it is easier to inspect",[188,106249,106250,106253],{},[15,106251,106252],{},"print(len(my_set))"," shows how many unique items are in the set",[33,106255,1762],{"id":1761},[373,106257,106259],{"id":106258},"does-set-remove-duplicates","Does set() remove duplicates?",[20,106261,106262],{},"Yes. Duplicate values are automatically removed when the set is created.",[373,106264,106266],{"id":106265},"how-do-i-make-an-empty-set-in-python","How do I make an empty set in Python?",[20,106268,165,106269,106271,106272,106274],{},[15,106270,3732],{},". Do not use ",[15,106273,3727],{},", because that creates an empty dictionary.",[373,106276,106278],{"id":106277},"does-set-keep-the-original-order","Does set() keep the original order?",[20,106280,106281],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item order.",[373,106283,106285],{"id":106284},"can-i-use-set-on-a-string","Can I use set() on a string?",[20,106287,106288],{},"Yes. It creates a set of unique characters from the string.",[20,106290,800],{},[38,106292,106294],{"className":40,"code":106293,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(set(\"apple\"))\n",[15,106295,106296],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,106297,106298,106300,106302,106304,106306,106308,106310,106312],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106299,99],{"class":98},[47,106301,78],{"class":77},[47,106303,6222],{"class":73},[47,106305,78],{"class":77},[47,106307,309],{"class":151},[47,106309,1425],{"class":155},[47,106311,309],{"class":151},[47,106313,123],{"class":77},[20,106315,29964],{},[38,106317,106319],{"className":40,"code":106318,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'a', 'p', 'l', 'e'}\n",[15,106320,106321],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,106322,106323,106325,106327,106329,106331,106333,106335,106337,106339,106341,106343,106345,106347,106349,106351,106353,106355],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106324,9211],{"class":77},[47,106326,159],{"class":151},[47,106328,360],{"class":155},[47,106330,159],{"class":151},[47,106332,668],{"class":77},[47,106334,152],{"class":151},[47,106336,20],{"class":155},[47,106338,159],{"class":151},[47,106340,668],{"class":77},[47,106342,152],{"class":151},[47,106344,60384],{"class":155},[47,106346,159],{"class":151},[47,106348,668],{"class":77},[47,106350,152],{"class":151},[47,106352,60375],{"class":155},[47,106354,159],{"class":151},[47,106356,9240],{"class":77},[373,106358,5090,106360,106363],{"id":106359},"why-does-set1-2-3-4-not-work",[15,106361,106362],{},"set([1, 2], [3, 4])"," not work?",[20,106365,106366,28619,106368,106371],{},[15,106367,3732],{},[127,106369,106370],{},"one optional iterable argument",", not multiple positional values.",[20,106373,106374],{},"If you want all those values in one set, combine them into a single iterable first:",[38,106376,106378],{"className":40,"code":106377,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(set([1, 2, 3, 4]))\n",[15,106379,106380],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,106381,106382,106384,106386,106388,106390,106392,106394,106396,106398,106400,106402,106404],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106383,99],{"class":98},[47,106385,78],{"class":77},[47,106387,6222],{"class":73},[47,106389,2928],{"class":77},[47,106391,665],{"class":61},[47,106393,668],{"class":77},[47,106395,671],{"class":61},[47,106397,668],{"class":77},[47,106399,676],{"class":61},[47,106401,668],{"class":77},[47,106403,2404],{"class":61},[47,106405,2941],{"class":77},[33,106407,1825],{"id":1824},[185,106409,106410,106414,106418,106422,106426],{},[188,106411,106412],{},[360,106413,96246],{"href":96245},[188,106415,106416],{},[360,106417,104410],{"href":96249},[188,106419,106420],{},[360,106421,100262],{"href":105261},[188,106423,106424],{},[360,106425,104968],{"href":64774},[188,106427,106428],{},[360,106429,106104],{"href":106103},[1875,106431,106432],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":65,"depth":65,"links":106434},[106435,106436,106437,106438,106439,106445,106446,106447,106455,106465,106466,106474],{"id":35,"depth":65,"text":36},{"id":104586,"depth":65,"text":104587},{"id":244,"depth":65,"text":245},{"id":104971,"depth":65,"text":104972},{"id":105158,"depth":65,"text":105159,"children":106440},[106441,106442,106443,106444],{"id":105162,"depth":88,"text":105163},{"id":105264,"depth":88,"text":105265},{"id":105348,"depth":88,"text":105349},{"id":105440,"depth":88,"text":105441},{"id":105508,"depth":65,"text":105509},{"id":105722,"depth":65,"text":105723},{"id":105831,"depth":65,"text":105832,"children":106448},[106449,106451,106453],{"id":105838,"depth":88,"text":106450},"Use set() for an empty set",{"id":105891,"depth":88,"text":106452},"Use {1, 2, 3} for a non-empty set literal",{"id":105956,"depth":88,"text":106454},"Use {} for an empty dictionary",{"id":2774,"depth":65,"text":2775,"children":106456},[106457,106458,106460,106461,106463],{"id":99795,"depth":88,"text":100303},{"id":106071,"depth":88,"text":106459},"Passing a non-iterable value like set(5)",{"id":106107,"depth":88,"text":106108},{"id":106145,"depth":88,"text":106462},"Expecting set() to keep the original order",{"id":106154,"depth":88,"text":106464},"Confusing set() with list() or dict()",{"id":60637,"depth":65,"text":60638},{"id":1761,"depth":65,"text":1762,"children":106467},[106468,106469,106470,106471,106472],{"id":106258,"depth":88,"text":106259},{"id":106265,"depth":88,"text":106266},{"id":106277,"depth":88,"text":106278},{"id":106284,"depth":88,"text":106285},{"id":106359,"depth":88,"text":106473},"Why does set([1, 2], [3, 4]) not work?",{"id":1824,"depth":65,"text":1825},"Master python set function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained",{"title":104468,"description":106475},"reference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained","wzopeLgTwc6XjSZRTDiO0MhJY1lIjTWxNHu52c5tL8Y",{"id":106482,"title":106483,"body":106484,"description":107999,"extension":1922,"meta":108000,"navigation":91,"path":108001,"seo":108002,"stem":108003,"__hash__":108004},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method.md","Python Set intersection() Method",{"type":7,"value":106485,"toc":107975},[106486,106492,106497,106500,106583,106588,106593,106598,106600,106613,106617,106619,106638,106641,106664,106667,106678,106680,106761,106763,106780,106782,106788,106791,106886,106888,106919,106921,106929,106931,106934,107045,107047,107072,107074,107096,107101,107106,107112,107221,107223,107239,107242,107245,107328,107330,107347,107355,107357,107361,107367,107458,107460,107493,107498,107505,107582,107584,107601,107607,107609,107613,107629,107632,107658,107660,107721,107723,107846,107848,107899,107905,107907,107912,107914,107920,107923,107927,107930,107934,107937,107947,107949,107972],[10,106487,13,106489,11256],{"id":106488},"python-setintersection-method",[15,106490,106491],{},"set.intersection()",[20,106493,1939,106494,106496],{},[15,106495,106491],{}," method returns a new set containing only the values that appear in both sets.",[20,106498,106499],{},"Use it when you want to find common items between sets without changing the original set.",[38,106501,106503],{"className":40,"code":106502,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n# Output: {2, 3}\n",[15,106504,106505,106525,106545,106549,106568,106578],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,106506,106507,106509,106511,106513,106515,106517,106519,106521,106523],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106508,2501],{"class":53},[47,106510,58],{"class":57},[47,106512,10423],{"class":77},[47,106514,665],{"class":61},[47,106516,668],{"class":77},[47,106518,671],{"class":61},[47,106520,668],{"class":77},[47,106522,676],{"class":61},[47,106524,9240],{"class":77},[47,106526,106527,106529,106531,106533,106535,106537,106539,106541,106543],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,106528,2529],{"class":53},[47,106530,58],{"class":57},[47,106532,10423],{"class":77},[47,106534,2016],{"class":61},[47,106536,668],{"class":77},[47,106538,676],{"class":61},[47,106540,668],{"class":77},[47,106542,2404],{"class":61},[47,106544,9240],{"class":77},[47,106546,106547],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,106548,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,106550,106551,106553,106555,106557,106559,106562,106564,106566],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,106552,2184],{"class":53},[47,106554,58],{"class":57},[47,106556,56815],{"class":53},[47,106558,914],{"class":77},[47,106560,106561],{"class":81},"intersection",[47,106563,78],{"class":77},[47,106565,4696],{"class":81},[47,106567,85],{"class":77},[47,106569,106570,106572,106574,106576],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,106571,99],{"class":98},[47,106573,78],{"class":77},[47,106575,2218],{"class":81},[47,106577,85],{"class":77},[47,106579,106580],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,106581,106582],{"class":1378},"# Output: {2, 3}\n",[20,106584,165,106585,106587],{},[15,106586,102709],{}," when you want only the items that appear in both sets.",[33,106589,12930,106591,12933],{"id":106590},"what-the-intersection-method-does",[15,106592,102709],{},[20,106594,106595,106597],{},[15,106596,102709],{}," is a set method that compares one set with another set or iterable and keeps only the shared values.",[20,106599,12986],{},[185,106601,106602,106605,106607,106610],{},[188,106603,106604],{},"It returns a new set with items that exist in both sets",[188,106606,100479],{},[188,106608,106609],{},"It works with values that can be stored in a set",[188,106611,106612],{},"It is useful for finding shared values",[20,106614,96242,106615,914],{},[360,106616,96246],{"href":96245},[33,106618,245],{"id":244},[38,106620,106622],{"className":40,"code":106621,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"set1.intersection(set2)\n",[15,106623,106624],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,106625,106626,106628,106630,106632,106634,106636],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106627,100503],{"class":53},[47,106629,914],{"class":77},[47,106631,106561],{"class":81},[47,106633,78],{"class":77},[47,106635,100512],{"class":81},[47,106637,85],{"class":77},[20,106639,106640],{},"You can also pass more than one argument:",[38,106642,106644],{"className":40,"code":106643,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"set1.intersection(set2, set3)\n",[15,106645,106646],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,106647,106648,106650,106652,106654,106656,106658,106660,106662],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106649,100503],{"class":53},[47,106651,914],{"class":77},[47,106653,106561],{"class":81},[47,106655,78],{"class":77},[47,106657,100512],{"class":81},[47,106659,668],{"class":77},[47,106661,100539],{"class":81},[47,106663,85],{"class":77},[20,106665,106666],{},"Important notes:",[185,106668,106669,106672,106675],{},[188,106670,106671],{},"The result is always a new set",[188,106673,106674],{},"If there are no shared items, the result is an empty set",[188,106676,106677],{},"You can pass sets or other iterables as arguments",[20,106679,800],{},[38,106681,106683],{"className":40,"code":106682,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,106684,106685,106709,106729,106733,106751],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,106686,106687,106689,106691,106693,106695,106697,106699,106701,106703,106705,106707],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106688,2501],{"class":53},[47,106690,58],{"class":57},[47,106692,10423],{"class":77},[47,106694,665],{"class":61},[47,106696,668],{"class":77},[47,106698,671],{"class":61},[47,106700,668],{"class":77},[47,106702,676],{"class":61},[47,106704,668],{"class":77},[47,106706,2404],{"class":61},[47,106708,9240],{"class":77},[47,106710,106711,106713,106715,106717,106719,106721,106723,106725,106727],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,106712,2529],{"class":53},[47,106714,58],{"class":57},[47,106716,10423],{"class":77},[47,106718,2021],{"class":61},[47,106720,668],{"class":77},[47,106722,2404],{"class":61},[47,106724,668],{"class":77},[47,106726,4540],{"class":61},[47,106728,9240],{"class":77},[47,106730,106731],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,106732,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,106734,106735,106737,106739,106741,106743,106745,106747,106749],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,106736,2184],{"class":53},[47,106738,58],{"class":57},[47,106740,56815],{"class":53},[47,106742,914],{"class":77},[47,106744,106561],{"class":81},[47,106746,78],{"class":77},[47,106748,4696],{"class":81},[47,106750,85],{"class":77},[47,106752,106753,106755,106757,106759],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,106754,99],{"class":98},[47,106756,78],{"class":77},[47,106758,2218],{"class":81},[47,106760,85],{"class":77},[20,106762,129],{},[38,106764,106766],{"className":40,"code":106765,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{3, 4}\n",[15,106767,106768],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,106769,106770,106772,106774,106776,106778],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106771,9211],{"class":77},[47,106773,2021],{"class":61},[47,106775,668],{"class":77},[47,106777,2404],{"class":61},[47,106779,9240],{"class":77},[33,106781,1504],{"id":1503},[20,106783,106784,1509,106786,914],{},[15,106785,102709],{},[127,106787,6222],{},[20,106789,106790],{},"That returned set contains only the elements that are present in all inputs.",[38,106792,106794],{"className":40,"code":106793,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,106795,106796,106816,106836,106840,106858,106862,106872],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,106797,106798,106800,106802,106804,106806,106808,106810,106812,106814],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106799,2501],{"class":53},[47,106801,58],{"class":57},[47,106803,10423],{"class":77},[47,106805,665],{"class":61},[47,106807,668],{"class":77},[47,106809,671],{"class":61},[47,106811,668],{"class":77},[47,106813,676],{"class":61},[47,106815,9240],{"class":77},[47,106817,106818,106820,106822,106824,106826,106828,106830,106832,106834],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,106819,2529],{"class":53},[47,106821,58],{"class":57},[47,106823,10423],{"class":77},[47,106825,2016],{"class":61},[47,106827,668],{"class":77},[47,106829,676],{"class":61},[47,106831,668],{"class":77},[47,106833,2404],{"class":61},[47,106835,9240],{"class":77},[47,106837,106838],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,106839,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,106841,106842,106844,106846,106848,106850,106852,106854,106856],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,106843,2184],{"class":53},[47,106845,58],{"class":57},[47,106847,56815],{"class":53},[47,106849,914],{"class":77},[47,106851,106561],{"class":81},[47,106853,78],{"class":77},[47,106855,4696],{"class":81},[47,106857,85],{"class":77},[47,106859,106860],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,106861,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,106863,106864,106866,106868,106870],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,106865,99],{"class":98},[47,106867,78],{"class":77},[47,106869,2218],{"class":81},[47,106871,85],{"class":77},[47,106873,106874,106876,106878,106880,106882,106884],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,106875,99],{"class":98},[47,106877,78],{"class":77},[47,106879,116],{"class":73},[47,106881,78],{"class":77},[47,106883,2218],{"class":81},[47,106885,123],{"class":77},[20,106887,129],{},[38,106889,106891],{"className":40,"code":106890,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,106892,106893,106905],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,106894,106895,106897,106899,106901,106903],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106896,9211],{"class":77},[47,106898,2016],{"class":61},[47,106900,668],{"class":77},[47,106902,676],{"class":61},[47,106904,9240],{"class":77},[47,106906,106907,106909,106911,106913,106915,106917],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,106908,144],{"class":57},[47,106910,148],{"class":147},[47,106912,152],{"class":151},[47,106914,6222],{"class":155},[47,106916,159],{"class":151},[47,106918,162],{"class":57},[20,106920,85735],{},[185,106922,106923,106926],{},[188,106924,106925],{},"The return value is a set, not a list",[188,106927,106928],{},"The order is not guaranteed because sets are unordered",[33,106930,11409],{"id":11408},[20,106932,106933],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets that share some values:",[38,106935,106937],{"className":40,"code":106936,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\", \"blue\"}\n\ncommon_colors = colors1.intersection(colors2)\n\nprint(common_colors)\n",[15,106938,106939,106972,107005,107009,107030,107034],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,106940,106941,106944,106946,106948,106950,106952,106954,106956,106958,106960,106962,106964,106966,106968,106970],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106942,106943],{"class":53},"colors1 ",[47,106945,58],{"class":57},[47,106947,10423],{"class":77},[47,106949,309],{"class":151},[47,106951,13027],{"class":155},[47,106953,309],{"class":151},[47,106955,668],{"class":77},[47,106957,303],{"class":151},[47,106959,13044],{"class":155},[47,106961,309],{"class":151},[47,106963,668],{"class":77},[47,106965,303],{"class":151},[47,106967,17390],{"class":155},[47,106969,309],{"class":151},[47,106971,9240],{"class":77},[47,106973,106974,106977,106979,106981,106983,106985,106987,106989,106991,106993,106995,106997,106999,107001,107003],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,106975,106976],{"class":53},"colors2 ",[47,106978,58],{"class":57},[47,106980,10423],{"class":77},[47,106982,309],{"class":151},[47,106984,17390],{"class":155},[47,106986,309],{"class":151},[47,106988,668],{"class":77},[47,106990,303],{"class":151},[47,106992,22458],{"class":155},[47,106994,309],{"class":151},[47,106996,668],{"class":77},[47,106998,303],{"class":151},[47,107000,13044],{"class":155},[47,107002,309],{"class":151},[47,107004,9240],{"class":77},[47,107006,107007],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,107008,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,107010,107011,107014,107016,107019,107021,107023,107025,107028],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,107012,107013],{"class":53},"common_colors ",[47,107015,58],{"class":57},[47,107017,107018],{"class":53}," colors1",[47,107020,914],{"class":77},[47,107022,106561],{"class":81},[47,107024,78],{"class":77},[47,107026,107027],{"class":81},"colors2",[47,107029,85],{"class":77},[47,107031,107032],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,107033,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,107035,107036,107038,107040,107043],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,107037,99],{"class":98},[47,107039,78],{"class":77},[47,107041,107042],{"class":81},"common_colors",[47,107044,85],{"class":77},[20,107046,129],{},[38,107048,107050],{"className":40,"code":107049,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,107051,107052],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,107053,107054,107056,107058,107060,107062,107064,107066,107068,107070],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,107055,9211],{"class":77},[47,107057,159],{"class":151},[47,107059,13044],{"class":155},[47,107061,159],{"class":151},[47,107063,668],{"class":77},[47,107065,152],{"class":151},[47,107067,17390],{"class":155},[47,107069,159],{"class":151},[47,107071,9240],{"class":77},[20,107073,11617],{},[185,107075,107076,107082,107086,107091],{},[188,107077,107078,107081],{},[15,107079,107080],{},"colors1"," contains three color names",[188,107083,107084,107081],{},[15,107085,107027],{},[188,107087,107088,107090],{},[15,107089,102709],{}," keeps only the values found in both sets",[188,107092,107093,107094],{},"The result is a new set stored in ",[15,107095,107042],{},[33,107097,1335,107099,101076],{"id":107098},"using-intersection-with-multiple-sets",[15,107100,102709],{},[20,107102,107103,107104,914],{},"You can pass more than two sets or iterables to ",[15,107105,102709],{},[20,107107,107108,107109,107111],{},"Only the values found in ",[127,107110,3650],{}," inputs will be kept.",[38,107113,107115],{"className":40,"code":107114,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {2, 3, 4, 5}\nc = {3, 4, 6}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,107116,107117,107141,107165,107185,107189,107211],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,107118,107119,107121,107123,107125,107127,107129,107131,107133,107135,107137,107139],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,107120,2501],{"class":53},[47,107122,58],{"class":57},[47,107124,10423],{"class":77},[47,107126,665],{"class":61},[47,107128,668],{"class":77},[47,107130,671],{"class":61},[47,107132,668],{"class":77},[47,107134,676],{"class":61},[47,107136,668],{"class":77},[47,107138,2404],{"class":61},[47,107140,9240],{"class":77},[47,107142,107143,107145,107147,107149,107151,107153,107155,107157,107159,107161,107163],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,107144,2529],{"class":53},[47,107146,58],{"class":57},[47,107148,10423],{"class":77},[47,107150,2016],{"class":61},[47,107152,668],{"class":77},[47,107154,676],{"class":61},[47,107156,668],{"class":77},[47,107158,2404],{"class":61},[47,107160,668],{"class":77},[47,107162,4540],{"class":61},[47,107164,9240],{"class":77},[47,107166,107167,107169,107171,107173,107175,107177,107179,107181,107183],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,107168,83110],{"class":53},[47,107170,58],{"class":57},[47,107172,10423],{"class":77},[47,107174,2021],{"class":61},[47,107176,668],{"class":77},[47,107178,2404],{"class":61},[47,107180,668],{"class":77},[47,107182,37578],{"class":61},[47,107184,9240],{"class":77},[47,107186,107187],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,107188,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,107190,107191,107193,107195,107197,107199,107201,107203,107205,107207,107209],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,107192,2184],{"class":53},[47,107194,58],{"class":57},[47,107196,56815],{"class":53},[47,107198,914],{"class":77},[47,107200,106561],{"class":81},[47,107202,78],{"class":77},[47,107204,4696],{"class":81},[47,107206,668],{"class":77},[47,107208,9613],{"class":81},[47,107210,85],{"class":77},[47,107212,107213,107215,107217,107219],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,107214,99],{"class":98},[47,107216,78],{"class":77},[47,107218,2218],{"class":81},[47,107220,85],{"class":77},[20,107222,129],{},[38,107224,107225],{"className":40,"code":106765,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,107226,107227],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,107228,107229,107231,107233,107235,107237],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,107230,9211],{"class":77},[47,107232,2021],{"class":61},[47,107234,668],{"class":77},[47,107236,2404],{"class":61},[47,107238,9240],{"class":77},[20,107240,107241],{},"This is useful when you want to check which items are shared across many groups.",[20,107243,107244],{},"You can also pass other iterables:",[38,107246,107248],{"className":40,"code":107247,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection([2, 4, 6], (1, 2, 4))\nprint(result)\n",[15,107249,107250,107274,107278,107318],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,107251,107252,107254,107256,107258,107260,107262,107264,107266,107268,107270,107272],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,107253,2501],{"class":53},[47,107255,58],{"class":57},[47,107257,10423],{"class":77},[47,107259,665],{"class":61},[47,107261,668],{"class":77},[47,107263,671],{"class":61},[47,107265,668],{"class":77},[47,107267,676],{"class":61},[47,107269,668],{"class":77},[47,107271,2404],{"class":61},[47,107273,9240],{"class":77},[47,107275,107276],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,107277,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,107279,107280,107282,107284,107286,107288,107290,107292,107294,107296,107298,107300,107302,107304,107306,107308,107310,107312,107314,107316],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,107281,2184],{"class":53},[47,107283,58],{"class":57},[47,107285,56815],{"class":53},[47,107287,914],{"class":77},[47,107289,106561],{"class":81},[47,107291,2928],{"class":77},[47,107293,2016],{"class":61},[47,107295,668],{"class":77},[47,107297,2404],{"class":61},[47,107299,668],{"class":77},[47,107301,37578],{"class":61},[47,107303,17997],{"class":77},[47,107305,9169],{"class":77},[47,107307,665],{"class":61},[47,107309,668],{"class":77},[47,107311,671],{"class":61},[47,107313,668],{"class":77},[47,107315,2404],{"class":61},[47,107317,123],{"class":77},[47,107319,107320,107322,107324,107326],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,107321,99],{"class":98},[47,107323,78],{"class":77},[47,107325,2218],{"class":81},[47,107327,85],{"class":77},[20,107329,129],{},[38,107331,107333],{"className":40,"code":107332,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{2, 4}\n",[15,107334,107335],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,107336,107337,107339,107341,107343,107345],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,107338,9211],{"class":77},[47,107340,2016],{"class":61},[47,107342,668],{"class":77},[47,107344,2404],{"class":61},[47,107346,9240],{"class":77},[33,107348,107350,920,107352],{"id":107349},"intersection-vs-intersection_update",[15,107351,102709],{},[15,107353,107354],{},"intersection_update()",[20,107356,101246],{},[373,107358,107359],{"id":106561},[15,107360,102709],{},[185,107362,107363,107365],{},[188,107364,101255],{},[188,107366,101258],{},[38,107368,107370],{"className":40,"code":107369,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(a)\nprint(result)\n",[15,107371,107372,107392,107412,107416,107434,107438,107448],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,107373,107374,107376,107378,107380,107382,107384,107386,107388,107390],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,107375,2501],{"class":53},[47,107377,58],{"class":57},[47,107379,10423],{"class":77},[47,107381,665],{"class":61},[47,107383,668],{"class":77},[47,107385,671],{"class":61},[47,107387,668],{"class":77},[47,107389,676],{"class":61},[47,107391,9240],{"class":77},[47,107393,107394,107396,107398,107400,107402,107404,107406,107408,107410],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,107395,2529],{"class":53},[47,107397,58],{"class":57},[47,107399,10423],{"class":77},[47,107401,2016],{"class":61},[47,107403,668],{"class":77},[47,107405,676],{"class":61},[47,107407,668],{"class":77},[47,107409,2404],{"class":61},[47,107411,9240],{"class":77},[47,107413,107414],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,107415,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,107417,107418,107420,107422,107424,107426,107428,107430,107432],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,107419,2184],{"class":53},[47,107421,58],{"class":57},[47,107423,56815],{"class":53},[47,107425,914],{"class":77},[47,107427,106561],{"class":81},[47,107429,78],{"class":77},[47,107431,4696],{"class":81},[47,107433,85],{"class":77},[47,107435,107436],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,107437,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,107439,107440,107442,107444,107446],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,107441,99],{"class":98},[47,107443,78],{"class":77},[47,107445,360],{"class":81},[47,107447,85],{"class":77},[47,107449,107450,107452,107454,107456],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,107451,99],{"class":98},[47,107453,78],{"class":77},[47,107455,2218],{"class":81},[47,107457,85],{"class":77},[20,107459,129],{},[38,107461,107463],{"className":40,"code":107462,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n",[15,107464,107465,107481],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,107466,107467,107469,107471,107473,107475,107477,107479],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,107468,9211],{"class":77},[47,107470,665],{"class":61},[47,107472,668],{"class":77},[47,107474,671],{"class":61},[47,107476,668],{"class":77},[47,107478,676],{"class":61},[47,107480,9240],{"class":77},[47,107482,107483,107485,107487,107489,107491],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,107484,9211],{"class":77},[47,107486,2016],{"class":61},[47,107488,668],{"class":77},[47,107490,676],{"class":61},[47,107492,9240],{"class":77},[373,107494,107496],{"id":107495},"intersection_update",[15,107497,107354],{},[185,107499,107500,107502],{},[188,107501,101398],{},[188,107503,107504],{},"Does not create a separate result set",[38,107506,107508],{"className":40,"code":107507,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\na.intersection_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,107509,107510,107530,107550,107554,107568,107572],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,107511,107512,107514,107516,107518,107520,107522,107524,107526,107528],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,107513,2501],{"class":53},[47,107515,58],{"class":57},[47,107517,10423],{"class":77},[47,107519,665],{"class":61},[47,107521,668],{"class":77},[47,107523,671],{"class":61},[47,107525,668],{"class":77},[47,107527,676],{"class":61},[47,107529,9240],{"class":77},[47,107531,107532,107534,107536,107538,107540,107542,107544,107546,107548],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,107533,2529],{"class":53},[47,107535,58],{"class":57},[47,107537,10423],{"class":77},[47,107539,2016],{"class":61},[47,107541,668],{"class":77},[47,107543,676],{"class":61},[47,107545,668],{"class":77},[47,107547,2404],{"class":61},[47,107549,9240],{"class":77},[47,107551,107552],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,107553,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,107555,107556,107558,107560,107562,107564,107566],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,107557,360],{"class":53},[47,107559,914],{"class":77},[47,107561,107495],{"class":81},[47,107563,78],{"class":77},[47,107565,4696],{"class":81},[47,107567,85],{"class":77},[47,107569,107570],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,107571,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,107573,107574,107576,107578,107580],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,107575,99],{"class":98},[47,107577,78],{"class":77},[47,107579,360],{"class":81},[47,107581,85],{"class":77},[20,107583,129],{},[38,107585,107587],{"className":40,"code":107586,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{2, 3}\n",[15,107588,107589],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,107590,107591,107593,107595,107597,107599],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,107592,9211],{"class":77},[47,107594,2016],{"class":61},[47,107596,668],{"class":77},[47,107598,676],{"class":61},[47,107600,9240],{"class":77},[20,107602,107603,107604,107606],{},"Choose ",[15,107605,102709],{}," when you want to keep the original data unchanged.",[33,107608,1131],{"id":1130},[20,107610,14668,107611,2826],{},[15,107612,102709],{},[185,107614,107615,107618,107621,107624],{},[188,107616,107617],{},"Expecting a list instead of a set",[188,107619,107620],{},"Assuming the output order will match the input order",[188,107622,107623],{},"Forgetting that duplicates are removed in sets",[188,107625,107626,107627],{},"Thinking the original set changes after calling ",[15,107628,102709],{},[20,107630,107631],{},"These are also common causes of confusion:",[185,107633,107634,107639,107642,107655],{},[188,107635,1335,107636,107638],{},[15,107637,102709],{}," when order matters",[188,107640,107641],{},"Using sets with duplicate values and expecting duplicates in the result",[188,107643,37138,107644,8636,107646,1389,107651],{},[15,107645,102709],{},[360,107647,107649],{"href":107648},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method",[15,107650,102717],{},[360,107652,107653],{"href":102758},[15,107654,100332],{},[188,107656,107657],{},"Expecting the method to update the original set",[20,107659,30070],{},[38,107661,107663],{"className":40,"code":107662,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(set1.intersection(set2))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,107664,107665,107675,107689,107707],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,107666,107667,107669,107671,107673],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,107668,99],{"class":98},[47,107670,78],{"class":77},[47,107672,15601],{"class":81},[47,107674,85],{"class":77},[47,107676,107677,107679,107681,107683,107685,107687],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,107678,99],{"class":98},[47,107680,78],{"class":77},[47,107682,116],{"class":73},[47,107684,78],{"class":77},[47,107686,2218],{"class":81},[47,107688,123],{"class":77},[47,107690,107691,107693,107695,107697,107699,107701,107703,107705],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,107692,99],{"class":98},[47,107694,78],{"class":77},[47,107696,100503],{"class":81},[47,107698,914],{"class":77},[47,107700,106561],{"class":81},[47,107702,78],{"class":77},[47,107704,100512],{"class":81},[47,107706,123],{"class":77},[47,107708,107709,107711,107713,107715,107717,107719],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,107710,99],{"class":98},[47,107712,78],{"class":77},[47,107714,11095],{"class":98},[47,107716,78],{"class":77},[47,107718,2218],{"class":81},[47,107720,123],{"class":77},[20,107722,800],{},[38,107724,107726],{"className":40,"code":107725,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3}\nother = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = numbers.intersection(other)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,107727,107728,107752,107772,107776,107794,107798,107808,107818,107832],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,107729,107730,107732,107734,107736,107738,107740,107742,107744,107746,107748,107750],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,107731,3554],{"class":53},[47,107733,58],{"class":57},[47,107735,10423],{"class":77},[47,107737,665],{"class":61},[47,107739,668],{"class":77},[47,107741,671],{"class":61},[47,107743,668],{"class":77},[47,107745,671],{"class":61},[47,107747,668],{"class":77},[47,107749,676],{"class":61},[47,107751,9240],{"class":77},[47,107753,107754,107756,107758,107760,107762,107764,107766,107768,107770],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,107755,43480],{"class":53},[47,107757,58],{"class":57},[47,107759,10423],{"class":77},[47,107761,2016],{"class":61},[47,107763,668],{"class":77},[47,107765,676],{"class":61},[47,107767,668],{"class":77},[47,107769,2404],{"class":61},[47,107771,9240],{"class":77},[47,107773,107774],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,107775,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,107777,107778,107780,107782,107784,107786,107788,107790,107792],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,107779,2184],{"class":53},[47,107781,58],{"class":57},[47,107783,4198],{"class":53},[47,107785,914],{"class":77},[47,107787,106561],{"class":81},[47,107789,78],{"class":77},[47,107791,30677],{"class":81},[47,107793,85],{"class":77},[47,107795,107796],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,107797,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,107799,107800,107802,107804,107806],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,107801,99],{"class":98},[47,107803,78],{"class":77},[47,107805,3584],{"class":81},[47,107807,85],{"class":77},[47,107809,107810,107812,107814,107816],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,107811,99],{"class":98},[47,107813,78],{"class":77},[47,107815,2218],{"class":81},[47,107817,85],{"class":77},[47,107819,107820,107822,107824,107826,107828,107830],{"class":49,"line":1734},[47,107821,99],{"class":98},[47,107823,78],{"class":77},[47,107825,116],{"class":73},[47,107827,78],{"class":77},[47,107829,2218],{"class":81},[47,107831,123],{"class":77},[47,107833,107834,107836,107838,107840,107842,107844],{"class":49,"line":6365},[47,107835,99],{"class":98},[47,107837,78],{"class":77},[47,107839,11095],{"class":98},[47,107841,78],{"class":77},[47,107843,2218],{"class":81},[47,107845,123],{"class":77},[20,107847,129],{},[38,107849,107851],{"className":40,"code":107850,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n2\n",[15,107852,107853,107869,107881,107895],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,107854,107855,107857,107859,107861,107863,107865,107867],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,107856,9211],{"class":77},[47,107858,665],{"class":61},[47,107860,668],{"class":77},[47,107862,671],{"class":61},[47,107864,668],{"class":77},[47,107866,676],{"class":61},[47,107868,9240],{"class":77},[47,107870,107871,107873,107875,107877,107879],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,107872,9211],{"class":77},[47,107874,2016],{"class":61},[47,107876,668],{"class":77},[47,107878,676],{"class":61},[47,107880,9240],{"class":77},[47,107882,107883,107885,107887,107889,107891,107893],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,107884,144],{"class":57},[47,107886,148],{"class":147},[47,107888,152],{"class":151},[47,107890,6222],{"class":155},[47,107892,159],{"class":151},[47,107894,162],{"class":57},[47,107896,107897],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,107898,16992],{"class":61},[20,107900,107901,107902,107904],{},"Notice that the duplicate ",[15,107903,2016],{}," does not appear twice, because sets automatically remove duplicates.",[33,107906,1762],{"id":1761},[373,107908,1776,107910,102657],{"id":107909},"does-intersection-change-the-original-set",[15,107911,102709],{},[20,107913,102660],{},[373,107915,1786,107917,107919],{"id":107916},"can-intersection-be-used-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,107918,102709],{}," be used with more than two sets?",[20,107921,107922],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables, and it keeps only items found in all of them.",[373,107924,107926],{"id":107925},"why-is-the-result-in-a-different-order","Why is the result in a different order?",[20,107928,107929],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so their display order is not guaranteed.",[373,107931,107933],{"id":107932},"what-happens-if-there-are-no-common-items","What happens if there are no common items?",[20,107935,107936],{},"The method returns an empty set:",[38,107938,107939],{"className":40,"code":97376,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,107940,107941],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,107942,107943,107945],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,107944,6222],{"class":73},[47,107946,8574],{"class":77},[33,107948,1825],{"id":1824},[185,107950,107951,107955,107962,107968],{},[188,107952,107953],{},[360,107954,96246],{"href":96245},[188,107956,107957],{},[360,107958,13,107959,10673],{"href":107648},[15,107960,107961],{},"set.union()",[188,107963,107964],{},[360,107965,13,107966,10673],{"href":102758},[15,107967,100337],{},[188,107969,107970],{},[360,107971,100262],{"href":105261},[1875,107973,107974],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":65,"depth":65,"links":107976},[107977,107979,107980,107981,107982,107984,107989,107990,107998],{"id":106590,"depth":65,"text":107978},"What the intersection() method does",{"id":244,"depth":65,"text":245},{"id":1503,"depth":65,"text":1504},{"id":11408,"depth":65,"text":11409},{"id":107098,"depth":65,"text":107983},"Using intersection() with multiple sets",{"id":107349,"depth":65,"text":107985,"children":107986},"intersection() vs intersection_update()",[107987,107988],{"id":106561,"depth":88,"text":102709},{"id":107495,"depth":88,"text":107354},{"id":1130,"depth":65,"text":1131},{"id":1761,"depth":65,"text":1762,"children":107991},[107992,107994,107996,107997],{"id":107909,"depth":88,"text":107993},"Does intersection() change the original set?",{"id":107916,"depth":88,"text":107995},"Can intersection() be used with more than two sets?",{"id":107925,"depth":88,"text":107926},{"id":107932,"depth":88,"text":107933},{"id":1824,"depth":65,"text":1825},"Master python set intersection method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method",{"title":106483,"description":107999},"reference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method","WdT5ZeMbzzTuqFC6QHuwvJILep4wDplT8MIltw8e0fg",{"id":108006,"title":108007,"body":108008,"description":109244,"extension":1922,"meta":109245,"navigation":91,"path":109246,"seo":109247,"stem":109248,"__hash__":109249},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method.md","Python Set pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":108009,"toc":109211},[108010,108015,108021,108030,108032,108107,108112,108127,108137,108142,108146,108159,108163,108165,108180,108182,108198,108200,108275,108279,108282,108284,108301,108306,108361,108366,108378,108382,108385,108486,108488,108529,108532,108536,108543,108545,108570,108573,108591,108598,108604,108607,108689,108696,108699,108779,108788,108791,108796,108800,108814,108863,108868,108872,108883,108932,108943,108948,108952,108964,109013,109024,109026,109030,109053,109055,109112,109114,109128,109130,109136,109142,109148,109157,109161,109168,109172,109180,109182,109208],[10,108011,96118,108013,11256],{"id":108012},"python-set-pop-method",[15,108014,12696],{},[20,108016,108017,108020],{},[15,108018,108019],{},"set.pop()"," removes and returns one item from a set.",[20,108022,108023,108024,108026,108027,108029],{},"This method is useful when you want to take out any item, but you do ",[127,108025,768],{}," care which one. That is important because sets are unordered, so ",[15,108028,12696],{}," does not remove an item by position.",[33,108031,36],{"id":35},[38,108033,108035],{"className":40,"code":108034,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nremoved = items.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(items)\n",[15,108036,108037,108069,108083,108087,108097],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,108038,108039,108041,108043,108045,108047,108049,108051,108053,108055,108057,108059,108061,108063,108065,108067],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,108040,657],{"class":53},[47,108042,58],{"class":57},[47,108044,10423],{"class":77},[47,108046,309],{"class":151},[47,108048,1425],{"class":155},[47,108050,309],{"class":151},[47,108052,668],{"class":77},[47,108054,303],{"class":151},[47,108056,1434],{"class":155},[47,108058,309],{"class":151},[47,108060,668],{"class":77},[47,108062,303],{"class":151},[47,108064,4031],{"class":155},[47,108066,309],{"class":151},[47,108068,9240],{"class":77},[47,108070,108071,108073,108075,108077,108079,108081],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,108072,69861],{"class":53},[47,108074,58],{"class":57},[47,108076,5900],{"class":53},[47,108078,914],{"class":77},[47,108080,26174],{"class":81},[47,108082,8574],{"class":77},[47,108084,108085],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,108086,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,108088,108089,108091,108093,108095],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,108090,99],{"class":98},[47,108092,78],{"class":77},[47,108094,69884],{"class":81},[47,108096,85],{"class":77},[47,108098,108099,108101,108103,108105],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,108100,99],{"class":98},[47,108102,78],{"class":77},[47,108104,692],{"class":81},[47,108106,85],{"class":77},[20,108108,108109],{},[127,108110,108111],{},"What this does:",[185,108113,108114,108119,108124],{},[188,108115,108116,108117],{},"Removes one item from ",[15,108118,692],{},[188,108120,108121,108122],{},"Stores that removed item in ",[15,108123,69884],{},[188,108125,108126],{},"Prints the removed item and the updated set",[20,108128,108129,88886,108131,108133,108134,108136],{},[127,108130,83745],{},[15,108132,108019],{}," removes and returns one item from the set. The removed item is ",[127,108135,768],{}," chosen by index.",[33,108138,172,108140,175],{"id":108139},"what-setpop-does",[15,108141,108019],{},[20,108143,108144,2826],{},[15,108145,108019],{},[185,108147,108148,108150,108153,108156],{},[188,108149,102960],{},[188,108151,108152],{},"Returns the removed item",[188,108154,108155],{},"Works only on non-empty sets",[188,108157,108158],{},"Does not take an index or value argument",[20,108160,96242,108161,914],{},[360,108162,96246],{"href":97417},[33,108164,245],{"id":244},[38,108166,108168],{"className":40,"code":108167,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set.pop()\n",[15,108169,108170],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,108171,108172,108174,108176,108178],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,108173,15601],{"class":53},[47,108175,914],{"class":77},[47,108177,26174],{"class":81},[47,108179,8574],{"class":77},[20,108181,12986],{},[185,108183,108184,108190,108195],{},[188,108185,108186,108187],{},"The syntax is ",[15,108188,108189],{},"my_set.pop()",[188,108191,108192,108193],{},"It takes ",[127,108194,28622],{},[188,108196,108197],{},"If you need the removed item, save the return value in a variable",[20,108199,800],{},[38,108201,108203],{"className":40,"code":108202,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nitem = colors.pop()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,108204,108205,108237,108251,108255,108265],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,108206,108207,108209,108211,108213,108215,108217,108219,108221,108223,108225,108227,108229,108231,108233,108235],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,108208,13010],{"class":53},[47,108210,58],{"class":57},[47,108212,10423],{"class":77},[47,108214,309],{"class":151},[47,108216,13027],{"class":155},[47,108218,309],{"class":151},[47,108220,668],{"class":77},[47,108222,303],{"class":151},[47,108224,13044],{"class":155},[47,108226,309],{"class":151},[47,108228,668],{"class":77},[47,108230,303],{"class":151},[47,108232,17390],{"class":155},[47,108234,309],{"class":151},[47,108236,9240],{"class":77},[47,108238,108239,108241,108243,108245,108247,108249],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,108240,28472],{"class":53},[47,108242,58],{"class":57},[47,108244,13058],{"class":53},[47,108246,914],{"class":77},[47,108248,26174],{"class":81},[47,108250,8574],{"class":77},[47,108252,108253],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,108254,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,108256,108257,108259,108261,108263],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,108258,99],{"class":98},[47,108260,78],{"class":77},[47,108262,23245],{"class":81},[47,108264,85],{"class":77},[47,108266,108267,108269,108271,108273],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,108268,99],{"class":98},[47,108270,78],{"class":77},[47,108272,17437],{"class":81},[47,108274,85],{"class":77},[33,108276,108278],{"id":108277},"important-behavior-to-understand","Important behavior to understand",[20,108280,108281],{},"Sets are unordered collections.",[20,108283,183],{},[185,108285,108286,108292,108295],{},[188,108287,108288,108289,108291],{},"You cannot choose which item ",[15,108290,12696],{}," removes",[188,108293,108294],{},"The removed item may seem different across runs",[188,108296,108297,108298,108300],{},"You should not use ",[15,108299,12696],{}," when you need to remove a specific value",[20,108302,10393,108303,108305],{},[127,108304,768],{}," valid:",[38,108307,108309],{"className":40,"code":108308,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nfruits.pop(\"apple\")\n",[15,108310,108311,108343],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,108312,108313,108315,108317,108319,108321,108323,108325,108327,108329,108331,108333,108335,108337,108339,108341],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,108314,36173],{"class":53},[47,108316,58],{"class":57},[47,108318,10423],{"class":77},[47,108320,309],{"class":151},[47,108322,1425],{"class":155},[47,108324,309],{"class":151},[47,108326,668],{"class":77},[47,108328,303],{"class":151},[47,108330,1434],{"class":155},[47,108332,309],{"class":151},[47,108334,668],{"class":77},[47,108336,303],{"class":151},[47,108338,4031],{"class":155},[47,108340,309],{"class":151},[47,108342,9240],{"class":77},[47,108344,108345,108347,108349,108351,108353,108355,108357,108359],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,108346,36225],{"class":53},[47,108348,914],{"class":77},[47,108350,26174],{"class":81},[47,108352,78],{"class":77},[47,108354,309],{"class":151},[47,108356,1425],{"class":155},[47,108358,309],{"class":151},[47,108360,85],{"class":77},[20,108362,39589,108363,108365],{},[15,108364,108019],{}," does not accept a value.",[20,108367,108368,108369,1389,108373,914],{},"If you want to remove a specific item, use ",[360,108370,108371],{"href":98127},[15,108372,102786],{},[360,108374,108376],{"href":108375},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method\u002F",[15,108377,102777],{},[33,108379,108381],{"id":108380},"example-remove-one-item","Example: remove one item",[20,108383,108384],{},"Here is a simple example:",[38,108386,108388],{"className":40,"code":108387,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"animals = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"rabbit\"}\n\nremoved_animal = animals.pop()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_animal)\nprint(\"Updated set:\", animals)\n",[15,108389,108390,108424,108428,108444,108448,108467],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,108391,108392,108395,108397,108399,108401,108403,108405,108407,108409,108411,108413,108415,108417,108420,108422],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,108393,108394],{"class":53},"animals ",[47,108396,58],{"class":57},[47,108398,10423],{"class":77},[47,108400,309],{"class":151},[47,108402,36981],{"class":155},[47,108404,309],{"class":151},[47,108406,668],{"class":77},[47,108408,303],{"class":151},[47,108410,58054],{"class":155},[47,108412,309],{"class":151},[47,108414,668],{"class":77},[47,108416,303],{"class":151},[47,108418,108419],{"class":155},"rabbit",[47,108421,309],{"class":151},[47,108423,9240],{"class":77},[47,108425,108426],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,108427,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,108429,108430,108433,108435,108438,108440,108442],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,108431,108432],{"class":53},"removed_animal ",[47,108434,58],{"class":57},[47,108436,108437],{"class":53}," animals",[47,108439,914],{"class":77},[47,108441,26174],{"class":81},[47,108443,8574],{"class":77},[47,108445,108446],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,108447,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,108449,108450,108452,108454,108456,108458,108460,108462,108465],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,108451,99],{"class":98},[47,108453,78],{"class":77},[47,108455,309],{"class":151},[47,108457,28890],{"class":155},[47,108459,309],{"class":151},[47,108461,668],{"class":77},[47,108463,108464],{"class":81}," removed_animal",[47,108466,85],{"class":77},[47,108468,108469,108471,108473,108475,108478,108480,108482,108484],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,108470,99],{"class":98},[47,108472,78],{"class":77},[47,108474,309],{"class":151},[47,108476,108477],{"class":155},"Updated set:",[47,108479,309],{"class":151},[47,108481,668],{"class":77},[47,108483,108437],{"class":81},[47,108485,85],{"class":77},[20,108487,29964],{},[38,108489,108491],{"className":40,"code":108490,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Removed: dog\nUpdated set: {'cat', 'rabbit'}\n",[15,108492,108493,108502],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,108494,108495,108497,108499],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,108496,28932],{"class":53},[47,108498,2826],{"class":77},[47,108500,108501],{"class":53}," dog\n",[47,108503,108504,108507,108509,108511,108513,108515,108517,108519,108521,108523,108525,108527],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,108505,108506],{"class":53},"Updated ",[47,108508,6222],{"class":73},[47,108510,2826],{"class":77},[47,108512,10423],{"class":77},[47,108514,159],{"class":151},[47,108516,36981],{"class":155},[47,108518,159],{"class":151},[47,108520,668],{"class":77},[47,108522,152],{"class":151},[47,108524,108419],{"class":155},[47,108526,159],{"class":151},[47,108528,9240],{"class":77},[20,108530,108531],{},"Your output may be different because sets do not guarantee order.",[33,108533,108535],{"id":108534},"what-happens-with-an-empty-set","What happens with an empty set",[20,108537,29584,108538,108540,108541,914],{},[15,108539,12696],{}," on an empty set raises a ",[15,108542,19623],{},[20,108544,800],{},[38,108546,108548],{"className":40,"code":108547,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = set()\nitems.pop()\n",[15,108549,108550,108560],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,108551,108552,108554,108556,108558],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,108553,657],{"class":53},[47,108555,58],{"class":57},[47,108557,15568],{"class":73},[47,108559,8574],{"class":77},[47,108561,108562,108564,108566,108568],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,108563,692],{"class":53},[47,108565,914],{"class":77},[47,108567,26174],{"class":81},[47,108569,8574],{"class":77},[20,108571,108572],{},"This raises:",[38,108574,108576],{"className":40,"code":108575,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"KeyError: 'pop from an empty set'\n",[15,108577,108578],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,108579,108580,108582,108584,108586,108589],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,108581,19623],{"class":73},[47,108583,2826],{"class":77},[47,108585,152],{"class":151},[47,108587,108588],{"class":155},"pop from an empty set",[47,108590,29634],{"class":151},[20,108592,108593,108594,108597],{},"If needed, you can learn more about this kind of problem on the ",[360,108595,108596],{"href":11007},"KeyError in Python causes and fixes"," page.",[373,108599,108601,108602],{"id":108600},"check-before-calling-pop","Check before calling ",[15,108603,12696],{},[20,108605,108606],{},"A simple way to avoid the error is to check whether the set has items:",[38,108608,108610],{"className":40,"code":108609,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = set()\n\nif items:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nelse:\n    print(\"The set is empty.\")\n",[15,108611,108612,108622,108626,108634,108649,108668,108674],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,108613,108614,108616,108618,108620],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,108615,657],{"class":53},[47,108617,58],{"class":57},[47,108619,15568],{"class":73},[47,108621,8574],{"class":77},[47,108623,108624],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,108625,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,108627,108628,108630,108632],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,108629,6930],{"class":3812},[47,108631,5900],{"class":53},[47,108633,6329],{"class":77},[47,108635,108636,108639,108641,108643,108645,108647],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,108637,108638],{"class":53},"    removed ",[47,108640,58],{"class":57},[47,108642,5900],{"class":53},[47,108644,914],{"class":77},[47,108646,26174],{"class":81},[47,108648,8574],{"class":77},[47,108650,108651,108653,108655,108657,108659,108661,108663,108666],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,108652,8000],{"class":98},[47,108654,78],{"class":77},[47,108656,309],{"class":151},[47,108658,28890],{"class":155},[47,108660,309],{"class":151},[47,108662,668],{"class":77},[47,108664,108665],{"class":81}," removed",[47,108667,85],{"class":77},[47,108669,108670,108672],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,108671,27367],{"class":3812},[47,108673,6329],{"class":77},[47,108675,108676,108678,108680,108682,108685,108687],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,108677,8000],{"class":98},[47,108679,78],{"class":77},[47,108681,309],{"class":151},[47,108683,108684],{"class":155},"The set is empty.",[47,108686,309],{"class":151},[47,108688,85],{"class":77},[373,108690,165,108692,4329,108694],{"id":108691},"use-try-and-except",[15,108693,29738],{},[15,108695,29769],{},[20,108697,108698],{},"You can also handle the error directly:",[38,108700,108702],{"className":40,"code":108701,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = set()\n\ntry:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot pop from an empty set.\")\n",[15,108703,108704,108714,108718,108724,108738,108756,108764],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,108705,108706,108708,108710,108712],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,108707,657],{"class":53},[47,108709,58],{"class":57},[47,108711,15568],{"class":73},[47,108713,8574],{"class":77},[47,108715,108716],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,108717,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,108719,108720,108722],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,108721,29738],{"class":3812},[47,108723,6329],{"class":77},[47,108725,108726,108728,108730,108732,108734,108736],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,108727,108638],{"class":53},[47,108729,58],{"class":57},[47,108731,5900],{"class":53},[47,108733,914],{"class":77},[47,108735,26174],{"class":81},[47,108737,8574],{"class":77},[47,108739,108740,108742,108744,108746,108748,108750,108752,108754],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,108741,8000],{"class":98},[47,108743,78],{"class":77},[47,108745,309],{"class":151},[47,108747,28890],{"class":155},[47,108749,309],{"class":151},[47,108751,668],{"class":77},[47,108753,108665],{"class":81},[47,108755,85],{"class":77},[47,108757,108758,108760,108762],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,108759,29769],{"class":3812},[47,108761,29772],{"class":73},[47,108763,6329],{"class":77},[47,108765,108766,108768,108770,108772,108775,108777],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,108767,8000],{"class":98},[47,108769,78],{"class":77},[47,108771,309],{"class":151},[47,108773,108774],{"class":155},"Cannot pop from an empty set.",[47,108776,309],{"class":151},[47,108778,85],{"class":77},[33,108780,773,108782,920,108784,920,108786],{"id":108781},"when-to-use-pop-vs-remove-vs-discard",[15,108783,12696],{},[15,108785,55456],{},[15,108787,102772],{},[20,108789,108790],{},"These three methods all remove items from a set, but they are used in different situations.",[373,108792,165,108794],{"id":108793},"use-pop",[15,108795,12696],{},[20,108797,165,108798,10533],{},[15,108799,12696],{},[185,108801,108802,108808,108811],{},[188,108803,108804,108805],{},"You want to remove ",[127,108806,108807],{},"any one item",[188,108809,108810],{},"You do not care which item is removed",[188,108812,108813],{},"You want the removed item returned",[38,108815,108817],{"className":40,"code":108816,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nvalue = numbers.pop()\nprint(value)\n",[15,108818,108819,108839,108853],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,108820,108821,108823,108825,108827,108829,108831,108833,108835,108837],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,108822,3554],{"class":53},[47,108824,58],{"class":57},[47,108826,10423],{"class":77},[47,108828,665],{"class":61},[47,108830,668],{"class":77},[47,108832,671],{"class":61},[47,108834,668],{"class":77},[47,108836,676],{"class":61},[47,108838,9240],{"class":77},[47,108840,108841,108843,108845,108847,108849,108851],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,108842,566],{"class":53},[47,108844,58],{"class":57},[47,108846,4198],{"class":53},[47,108848,914],{"class":77},[47,108850,26174],{"class":81},[47,108852,8574],{"class":77},[47,108854,108855,108857,108859,108861],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,108856,99],{"class":98},[47,108858,78],{"class":77},[47,108860,585],{"class":81},[47,108862,85],{"class":77},[373,108864,165,108866],{"id":108865},"use-remove",[15,108867,55456],{},[20,108869,165,108870,10533],{},[15,108871,55456],{},[185,108873,108874,108880],{},[188,108875,108876,108877],{},"You want to delete a ",[127,108878,108879],{},"specific item",[188,108881,108882],{},"You expect that item to be in the set",[38,108884,108886],{"className":40,"code":108885,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.remove(2)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,108887,108888,108908,108922],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,108889,108890,108892,108894,108896,108898,108900,108902,108904,108906],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,108891,3554],{"class":53},[47,108893,58],{"class":57},[47,108895,10423],{"class":77},[47,108897,665],{"class":61},[47,108899,668],{"class":77},[47,108901,671],{"class":61},[47,108903,668],{"class":77},[47,108905,676],{"class":61},[47,108907,9240],{"class":77},[47,108909,108910,108912,108914,108916,108918,108920],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,108911,3584],{"class":53},[47,108913,914],{"class":77},[47,108915,34727],{"class":81},[47,108917,78],{"class":77},[47,108919,2016],{"class":61},[47,108921,85],{"class":77},[47,108923,108924,108926,108928,108930],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,108925,99],{"class":98},[47,108927,78],{"class":77},[47,108929,3584],{"class":81},[47,108931,85],{"class":77},[20,108933,108934,108935,108937,108938,108942],{},"If the item is missing, ",[15,108936,55456],{}," raises an error. See the ",[360,108939,108940,10673],{"href":98127},[15,108941,102786],{}," for details.",[373,108944,165,108946],{"id":108945},"use-discard",[15,108947,102772],{},[20,108949,165,108950,10533],{},[15,108951,102772],{},[185,108953,108954,108958],{},[188,108955,108876,108956],{},[127,108957,108879],{},[188,108959,108960,108961,108963],{},"You do ",[127,108962,768],{}," want an error if the item is missing",[38,108965,108967],{"className":40,"code":108966,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(5)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,108968,108969,108989,109003],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,108970,108971,108973,108975,108977,108979,108981,108983,108985,108987],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,108972,3554],{"class":53},[47,108974,58],{"class":57},[47,108976,10423],{"class":77},[47,108978,665],{"class":61},[47,108980,668],{"class":77},[47,108982,671],{"class":61},[47,108984,668],{"class":77},[47,108986,676],{"class":61},[47,108988,9240],{"class":77},[47,108990,108991,108993,108995,108997,108999,109001],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,108992,3584],{"class":53},[47,108994,914],{"class":77},[47,108996,102839],{"class":81},[47,108998,78],{"class":77},[47,109000,2094],{"class":61},[47,109002,85],{"class":77},[47,109004,109005,109007,109009,109011],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,109006,99],{"class":98},[47,109008,78],{"class":77},[47,109010,3584],{"class":81},[47,109012,85],{"class":77},[20,109014,109015,109016,109018,109019,109023],{},"This does nothing if ",[15,109017,2094],{}," is not in the set. See the ",[360,109020,109021,10673],{"href":108375},[15,109022,102777],{}," for more examples.",[33,109025,2775],{"id":2774},[20,109027,71407,109028,2826],{},[15,109029,108019],{},[185,109031,109032,109038,109043,109048],{},[188,109033,109034,109035],{},"Trying to pass a value like ",[15,109036,109037],{},"my_set.pop(\"apple\")",[188,109039,1400,109040,109042],{},[15,109041,12696],{}," to remove the first or last item",[188,109044,29584,109045,109047],{},[15,109046,12696],{}," on an empty set",[188,109049,1335,109050,109052],{},[15,109051,12696],{}," when you need to remove a specific item",[20,109054,62222],{},[38,109056,109058],{"className":40,"code":109057,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint(type(my_set))\nitem = my_set.pop()\n",[15,109059,109060,109070,109084,109098],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,109061,109062,109064,109066,109068],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,109063,99],{"class":98},[47,109065,78],{"class":77},[47,109067,15601],{"class":81},[47,109069,85],{"class":77},[47,109071,109072,109074,109076,109078,109080,109082],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,109073,99],{"class":98},[47,109075,78],{"class":77},[47,109077,11095],{"class":98},[47,109079,78],{"class":77},[47,109081,15601],{"class":81},[47,109083,123],{"class":77},[47,109085,109086,109088,109090,109092,109094,109096],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,109087,99],{"class":98},[47,109089,78],{"class":77},[47,109091,116],{"class":73},[47,109093,78],{"class":77},[47,109095,15601],{"class":81},[47,109097,123],{"class":77},[47,109099,109100,109102,109104,109106,109108,109110],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,109101,28472],{"class":53},[47,109103,58],{"class":57},[47,109105,96842],{"class":53},[47,109107,914],{"class":77},[47,109109,26174],{"class":81},[47,109111,8574],{"class":77},[20,109113,25941],{},[185,109115,109116,109119,109122,109125],{},[188,109117,109118],{},"What values are in the set",[188,109120,109121],{},"Whether the set is empty",[188,109123,109124],{},"That the object is really a set",[188,109126,109127],{},"What value was actually removed",[33,109129,1762],{"id":1761},[373,109131,1776,109133,109135],{"id":109132},"does-setpop-remove-the-first-item",[15,109134,108019],{}," remove the first item?",[20,109137,109138,109139,109141],{},"No. Sets do not keep order in the way lists do, so ",[15,109140,12696],{}," removes an arbitrary item.",[373,109143,109145,109146,1812],{"id":109144},"can-i-use-an-index-with-setpop","Can I use an index with ",[15,109147,108019],{},[20,109149,109150,109151,109153,109154,109156],{},"No. Unlike list ",[15,109152,12696],{},", set ",[15,109155,12696],{}," does not accept an index.",[373,109158,109160],{"id":109159},"what-error-happens-if-the-set-is-empty","What error happens if the set is empty?",[20,109162,71576,109163,44561,109165,109167],{},[15,109164,19623],{},[15,109166,12696],{}," is called on an empty set.",[373,109169,109171],{"id":109170},"how-do-i-remove-a-specific-item-from-a-set","How do I remove a specific item from a set?",[20,109173,165,109174,1389,109176,11025,109178,914],{},[15,109175,55456],{},[15,109177,102772],{},[15,109179,12696],{},[33,109181,1825],{"id":1824},[185,109183,109184,109188,109194,109200,109204],{},[188,109185,109186],{},[360,109187,96246],{"href":97417},[188,109189,109190],{},[360,109191,96732,109192,10673],{"href":98127},[15,109193,55456],{},[188,109195,109196],{},[360,109197,96732,109198,10673],{"href":108375},[15,109199,102772],{},[188,109201,109202],{},[360,109203,11196],{"href":11007},[188,109205,109206],{},[360,109207,55442],{"href":54994},[1875,109209,109210],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":65,"depth":65,"links":109212},[109213,109214,109216,109217,109218,109219,109225,109234,109235,109243],{"id":35,"depth":65,"text":36},{"id":108139,"depth":65,"text":109215},"What set.pop() does",{"id":244,"depth":65,"text":245},{"id":108277,"depth":65,"text":108278},{"id":108380,"depth":65,"text":108381},{"id":108534,"depth":65,"text":108535,"children":109220},[109221,109223],{"id":108600,"depth":88,"text":109222},"Check before calling pop()",{"id":108691,"depth":88,"text":109224},"Use try and except",{"id":108781,"depth":65,"text":109226,"children":109227},"When to use pop() vs remove() vs discard()",[109228,109230,109232],{"id":108793,"depth":88,"text":109229},"Use pop()",{"id":108865,"depth":88,"text":109231},"Use remove()",{"id":108945,"depth":88,"text":109233},"Use discard()",{"id":2774,"depth":65,"text":2775},{"id":1761,"depth":65,"text":1762,"children":109236},[109237,109239,109241,109242],{"id":109132,"depth":88,"text":109238},"Does set.pop() remove the first item?",{"id":109144,"depth":88,"text":109240},"Can I use an index with set.pop()?",{"id":109159,"depth":88,"text":109160},{"id":109170,"depth":88,"text":109171},{"id":1824,"depth":65,"text":1825},"Master python set pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method",{"title":108007,"description":109244},"reference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method","HnjrB6euDyN20pcN7QQuCb2VArpBGb8ME-qhQl7T8YY",{"id":109251,"title":109252,"body":109253,"description":110407,"extension":1922,"meta":110408,"navigation":91,"path":110409,"seo":110410,"stem":110411,"__hash__":110412},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method.md","Python Set remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":109254,"toc":110375},[109255,109260,109265,109274,109276,109341,109345,109369,109376,109381,109385,109400,109403,109405,109424,109438,109441,109489,109493,109509,109511,109584,109588,109613,109619,109627,109631,109638,109693,109698,109715,109721,109727,109732,109740,109747,109751,109759,109814,109816,109833,109837,109844,109909,109913,109946,109948,109960,109967,109969,109974,109981,109983,110052,110056,110064,110066,110130,110134,110139,110186,110191,110259,110267,110274,110277,110283,110288,110292,110294,110297,110299,110304,110309,110315,110320,110327,110335,110341,110344,110346,110372],[10,109256,96118,109258,11256],{"id":109257},"python-set-remove-method",[15,109259,55456],{},[20,109261,109262,109264],{},[15,109263,102786],{}," deletes one specific value from a set.",[20,109266,109267,109268,109271,109272,914],{},"Use it when you want to remove an item ",[127,109269,109270],{},"and you expect that item to be present",". If the item is missing, Python raises a ",[15,109273,19623],{},[33,109275,36],{"id":35},[38,109277,109279],{"className":40,"code":109278,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,109280,109281,109313,109331],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,109282,109283,109285,109287,109289,109291,109293,109295,109297,109299,109301,109303,109305,109307,109309,109311],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,109284,13010],{"class":53},[47,109286,58],{"class":57},[47,109288,10423],{"class":77},[47,109290,309],{"class":151},[47,109292,13027],{"class":155},[47,109294,309],{"class":151},[47,109296,668],{"class":77},[47,109298,303],{"class":151},[47,109300,13044],{"class":155},[47,109302,309],{"class":151},[47,109304,668],{"class":77},[47,109306,303],{"class":151},[47,109308,17390],{"class":155},[47,109310,309],{"class":151},[47,109312,9240],{"class":77},[47,109314,109315,109317,109319,109321,109323,109325,109327,109329],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,109316,17437],{"class":53},[47,109318,914],{"class":77},[47,109320,34727],{"class":81},[47,109322,78],{"class":77},[47,109324,309],{"class":151},[47,109326,13044],{"class":155},[47,109328,309],{"class":151},[47,109330,85],{"class":77},[47,109332,109333,109335,109337,109339],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,109334,99],{"class":98},[47,109336,78],{"class":77},[47,109338,17437],{"class":81},[47,109340,85],{"class":77},[20,109342,109343],{},[127,109344,29964],{},[38,109346,109347],{"className":40,"code":103466,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,109348,109349],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,109350,109351,109353,109355,109357,109359,109361,109363,109365,109367],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,109352,9211],{"class":77},[47,109354,159],{"class":151},[47,109356,13027],{"class":155},[47,109358,159],{"class":151},[47,109360,668],{"class":77},[47,109362,152],{"class":151},[47,109364,17390],{"class":155},[47,109366,159],{"class":151},[47,109368,9240],{"class":77},[20,109370,165,109371,109373,109374,914],{},[15,109372,55456],{}," to delete a value from a set. If the value is not in the set, Python raises a ",[15,109375,19623],{},[33,109377,172,109379,175],{"id":109378},"what-setremove-does",[15,109380,102786],{},[20,109382,109383,2826],{},[15,109384,102786],{},[185,109386,109387,109390,109392,109394],{},[188,109388,109389],{},"Removes one specific value from a set",[188,109391,96233],{},[188,109393,96236],{},[188,109395,109396,109397,109399],{},"Raises ",[15,109398,19623],{}," if the value is missing",[20,109401,109402],{},"This means the set itself is updated. You do not need to assign the result to a new variable.",[33,109404,245],{"id":244},[38,109406,109408],{"className":40,"code":109407,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set.remove(value)\n",[15,109409,109410],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,109411,109412,109414,109416,109418,109420,109422],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,109413,15601],{"class":53},[47,109415,914],{"class":77},[47,109417,34727],{"class":81},[47,109419,78],{"class":77},[47,109421,585],{"class":81},[47,109423,85],{"class":77},[185,109425,109426,109430,109435],{},[188,109427,109428,103008],{},[15,109429,15601],{},[188,109431,109432,109434],{},[15,109433,585],{}," is the item to remove",[188,109436,109437],{},"Use this method when you expect the item to exist",[20,109439,109440],{},"Here is a small example:",[38,109442,109443],{"className":40,"code":108885,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,109444,109445,109465,109479],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,109446,109447,109449,109451,109453,109455,109457,109459,109461,109463],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,109448,3554],{"class":53},[47,109450,58],{"class":57},[47,109452,10423],{"class":77},[47,109454,665],{"class":61},[47,109456,668],{"class":77},[47,109458,671],{"class":61},[47,109460,668],{"class":77},[47,109462,676],{"class":61},[47,109464,9240],{"class":77},[47,109466,109467,109469,109471,109473,109475,109477],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,109468,3584],{"class":53},[47,109470,914],{"class":77},[47,109472,34727],{"class":81},[47,109474,78],{"class":77},[47,109476,2016],{"class":61},[47,109478,85],{"class":77},[47,109480,109481,109483,109485,109487],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,109482,99],{"class":98},[47,109484,78],{"class":77},[47,109486,3584],{"class":81},[47,109488,85],{"class":77},[20,109490,109491],{},[127,109492,29964],{},[38,109494,109495],{"className":40,"code":101216,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,109496,109497],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,109498,109499,109501,109503,109505,109507],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,109500,9211],{"class":77},[47,109502,665],{"class":61},[47,109504,668],{"class":77},[47,109506,676],{"class":61},[47,109508,9240],{"class":77},[33,109510,11409],{"id":11408},[38,109512,109514],{"className":40,"code":109513,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.remove(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,109515,109516,109548,109552,109570,109574],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,109517,109518,109520,109522,109524,109526,109528,109530,109532,109534,109536,109538,109540,109542,109544,109546],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,109519,36173],{"class":53},[47,109521,58],{"class":57},[47,109523,10423],{"class":77},[47,109525,309],{"class":151},[47,109527,1425],{"class":155},[47,109529,309],{"class":151},[47,109531,668],{"class":77},[47,109533,303],{"class":151},[47,109535,1434],{"class":155},[47,109537,309],{"class":151},[47,109539,668],{"class":77},[47,109541,303],{"class":151},[47,109543,1443],{"class":155},[47,109545,309],{"class":151},[47,109547,9240],{"class":77},[47,109549,109550],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,109551,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,109553,109554,109556,109558,109560,109562,109564,109566,109568],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,109555,36225],{"class":53},[47,109557,914],{"class":77},[47,109559,34727],{"class":81},[47,109561,78],{"class":77},[47,109563,309],{"class":151},[47,109565,1434],{"class":155},[47,109567,309],{"class":151},[47,109569,85],{"class":77},[47,109571,109572],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,109573,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,109575,109576,109578,109580,109582],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,109577,99],{"class":98},[47,109579,78],{"class":77},[47,109581,36225],{"class":81},[47,109583,85],{"class":77},[20,109585,109586],{},[127,109587,29964],{},[38,109589,109591],{"className":40,"code":109590,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,109592,109593],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,109594,109595,109597,109599,109601,109603,109605,109607,109609,109611],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,109596,9211],{"class":77},[47,109598,159],{"class":151},[47,109600,1425],{"class":155},[47,109602,159],{"class":151},[47,109604,668],{"class":77},[47,109606,152],{"class":151},[47,109608,1443],{"class":155},[47,109610,159],{"class":151},[47,109612,9240],{"class":77},[20,109614,109615,109616,109618],{},"This removes ",[15,109617,65201],{}," from the set.",[20,109620,109621,109622,109624,109625,914],{},"A set does ",[127,109623,768],{}," keep items in a fixed order, so your printed output may appear in a different order. If you are new to sets, see ",[360,109626,96250],{"href":97801},[33,109628,109630],{"id":109629},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-found","What happens if the item is not found",[20,109632,109633,109634,52421,109636,914],{},"If the value is not in the set, ",[15,109635,55456],{},[15,109637,19623],{},[38,109639,109641],{"className":40,"code":109640,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"yellow\")\n",[15,109642,109643,109675],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,109644,109645,109647,109649,109651,109653,109655,109657,109659,109661,109663,109665,109667,109669,109671,109673],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,109646,13010],{"class":53},[47,109648,58],{"class":57},[47,109650,10423],{"class":77},[47,109652,309],{"class":151},[47,109654,13027],{"class":155},[47,109656,309],{"class":151},[47,109658,668],{"class":77},[47,109660,303],{"class":151},[47,109662,13044],{"class":155},[47,109664,309],{"class":151},[47,109666,668],{"class":77},[47,109668,303],{"class":151},[47,109670,17390],{"class":155},[47,109672,309],{"class":151},[47,109674,9240],{"class":77},[47,109676,109677,109679,109681,109683,109685,109687,109689,109691],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,109678,17437],{"class":53},[47,109680,914],{"class":77},[47,109682,34727],{"class":81},[47,109684,78],{"class":77},[47,109686,309],{"class":151},[47,109688,22458],{"class":155},[47,109690,309],{"class":151},[47,109692,85],{"class":77},[20,109694,109695],{},[127,109696,109697],{},"Result:",[38,109699,109701],{"className":40,"code":109700,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"KeyError: 'yellow'\n",[15,109702,109703],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,109704,109705,109707,109709,109711,109713],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,109706,19623],{"class":73},[47,109708,2826],{"class":77},[47,109710,152],{"class":151},[47,109712,22458],{"class":155},[47,109714,29634],{"class":151},[20,109716,22123,109717,109720],{},[15,109718,109719],{},"\"yellow\""," is not in the set.",[20,109722,109723,109724,109726],{},"This behavior is useful when a missing value should be treated as a real problem. For example, if your program assumes the item must be there, ",[15,109725,55456],{}," helps you notice the mistake immediately.",[20,109728,109729,109730,914],{},"If your code is failing with this error, see ",[360,109731,11196],{"href":11007},[33,109733,4133,109735,109737,109738],{"id":109734},"how-remove-is-different-from-discard",[15,109736,55456],{}," is different from ",[15,109739,102772],{},[20,109741,109742,4329,109744,109746],{},[15,109743,55456],{},[15,109745,102772],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the item is missing.",[373,109748,109749],{"id":34727},[15,109750,55456],{},[185,109752,109753,109756],{},[188,109754,109755],{},"Removes the item if it exists",[188,109757,109758],{},"Raises an error if the item is missing",[38,109760,109762],{"className":40,"code":109761,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.remove(\"d\")\n",[15,109763,109764,109796],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,109765,109766,109768,109770,109772,109774,109776,109778,109780,109782,109784,109786,109788,109790,109792,109794],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,109767,36024],{"class":53},[47,109769,58],{"class":57},[47,109771,10423],{"class":77},[47,109773,309],{"class":151},[47,109775,360],{"class":155},[47,109777,309],{"class":151},[47,109779,668],{"class":77},[47,109781,303],{"class":151},[47,109783,4696],{"class":155},[47,109785,309],{"class":151},[47,109787,668],{"class":77},[47,109789,303],{"class":151},[47,109791,9671],{"class":155},[47,109793,309],{"class":151},[47,109795,9240],{"class":77},[47,109797,109798,109800,109802,109804,109806,109808,109810,109812],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,109799,36077],{"class":53},[47,109801,914],{"class":77},[47,109803,34727],{"class":81},[47,109805,78],{"class":77},[47,109807,309],{"class":151},[47,109809,18703],{"class":155},[47,109811,309],{"class":151},[47,109813,85],{"class":77},[20,109815,108572],{},[38,109817,109819],{"className":40,"code":109818,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"KeyError: 'd'\n",[15,109820,109821],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,109822,109823,109825,109827,109829,109831],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,109824,19623],{"class":73},[47,109826,2826],{"class":77},[47,109828,152],{"class":151},[47,109830,18703],{"class":155},[47,109832,29634],{"class":151},[373,109834,109835],{"id":102839},[15,109836,102772],{},[185,109838,109839,109841],{},[188,109840,109755],{},[188,109842,109843],{},"Does nothing if the item is missing",[38,109845,109847],{"className":40,"code":109846,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"d\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,109848,109849,109881,109899],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,109850,109851,109853,109855,109857,109859,109861,109863,109865,109867,109869,109871,109873,109875,109877,109879],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,109852,36024],{"class":53},[47,109854,58],{"class":57},[47,109856,10423],{"class":77},[47,109858,309],{"class":151},[47,109860,360],{"class":155},[47,109862,309],{"class":151},[47,109864,668],{"class":77},[47,109866,303],{"class":151},[47,109868,4696],{"class":155},[47,109870,309],{"class":151},[47,109872,668],{"class":77},[47,109874,303],{"class":151},[47,109876,9671],{"class":155},[47,109878,309],{"class":151},[47,109880,9240],{"class":77},[47,109882,109883,109885,109887,109889,109891,109893,109895,109897],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,109884,36077],{"class":53},[47,109886,914],{"class":77},[47,109888,102839],{"class":81},[47,109890,78],{"class":77},[47,109892,309],{"class":151},[47,109894,18703],{"class":155},[47,109896,309],{"class":151},[47,109898,85],{"class":77},[47,109900,109901,109903,109905,109907],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,109902,99],{"class":98},[47,109904,78],{"class":77},[47,109906,36077],{"class":81},[47,109908,85],{"class":77},[20,109910,109911],{},[127,109912,129],{},[38,109914,109916],{"className":40,"code":109915,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'a', 'b', 'c'}\n",[15,109917,109918],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,109919,109920,109922,109924,109926,109928,109930,109932,109934,109936,109938,109940,109942,109944],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,109921,9211],{"class":77},[47,109923,159],{"class":151},[47,109925,360],{"class":155},[47,109927,159],{"class":151},[47,109929,668],{"class":77},[47,109931,152],{"class":151},[47,109933,4696],{"class":155},[47,109935,159],{"class":151},[47,109937,668],{"class":77},[47,109939,152],{"class":151},[47,109941,9671],{"class":155},[47,109943,159],{"class":151},[47,109945,9240],{"class":77},[20,109947,18630],{},[185,109949,109950,109955],{},[188,109951,109952,109954],{},[15,109953,55456],{}," when missing values should be noticed",[188,109956,109957,109959],{},[15,109958,102772],{}," when you want to avoid errors",[20,109961,109962,109963,914],{},"If you want a full method reference, see ",[360,109964,96732,109965,10673],{"href":108375},[15,109966,102772],{},[33,109968,1131],{"id":1130},[373,109970,1400,109972,97112],{"id":109971},"expecting-remove-to-return-the-updated-set",[15,109973,55456],{},[20,109975,109976,109978,109979,914],{},[15,109977,55456],{}," changes the original set and returns ",[15,109980,3713],{},[20,109982,16579],{},[38,109984,109986],{"className":40,"code":109985,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nnew_colors = colors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,109987,109988,110020,110042],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,109989,109990,109992,109994,109996,109998,110000,110002,110004,110006,110008,110010,110012,110014,110016,110018],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,109991,13010],{"class":53},[47,109993,58],{"class":57},[47,109995,10423],{"class":77},[47,109997,309],{"class":151},[47,109999,13027],{"class":155},[47,110001,309],{"class":151},[47,110003,668],{"class":77},[47,110005,303],{"class":151},[47,110007,13044],{"class":155},[47,110009,309],{"class":151},[47,110011,668],{"class":77},[47,110013,303],{"class":151},[47,110015,17390],{"class":155},[47,110017,309],{"class":151},[47,110019,9240],{"class":77},[47,110021,110022,110024,110026,110028,110030,110032,110034,110036,110038,110040],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,110023,13053],{"class":53},[47,110025,58],{"class":57},[47,110027,13058],{"class":53},[47,110029,914],{"class":77},[47,110031,34727],{"class":81},[47,110033,78],{"class":77},[47,110035,309],{"class":151},[47,110037,13044],{"class":155},[47,110039,309],{"class":151},[47,110041,85],{"class":77},[47,110043,110044,110046,110048,110050],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,110045,99],{"class":98},[47,110047,78],{"class":77},[47,110049,13077],{"class":81},[47,110051,85],{"class":77},[20,110053,110054],{},[127,110055,129],{},[38,110057,110058],{"className":40,"code":11742,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,110059,110060],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,110061,110062],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,110063,11742],{"class":571},[20,110065,16591],{},[38,110067,110068],{"className":40,"code":109278,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,110069,110070,110102,110120],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,110071,110072,110074,110076,110078,110080,110082,110084,110086,110088,110090,110092,110094,110096,110098,110100],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,110073,13010],{"class":53},[47,110075,58],{"class":57},[47,110077,10423],{"class":77},[47,110079,309],{"class":151},[47,110081,13027],{"class":155},[47,110083,309],{"class":151},[47,110085,668],{"class":77},[47,110087,303],{"class":151},[47,110089,13044],{"class":155},[47,110091,309],{"class":151},[47,110093,668],{"class":77},[47,110095,303],{"class":151},[47,110097,17390],{"class":155},[47,110099,309],{"class":151},[47,110101,9240],{"class":77},[47,110103,110104,110106,110108,110110,110112,110114,110116,110118],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,110105,17437],{"class":53},[47,110107,914],{"class":77},[47,110109,34727],{"class":81},[47,110111,78],{"class":77},[47,110113,309],{"class":151},[47,110115,13044],{"class":155},[47,110117,309],{"class":151},[47,110119,85],{"class":77},[47,110121,110122,110124,110126,110128],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,110123,99],{"class":98},[47,110125,78],{"class":77},[47,110127,17437],{"class":81},[47,110129,85],{"class":77},[373,110131,110133],{"id":110132},"trying-to-remove-a-value-that-is-not-present","Trying to remove a value that is not present",[20,110135,110136,110137,914],{},"If the value is missing, you get a ",[15,110138,19623],{},[38,110140,110142],{"className":40,"code":110141,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,110143,110144,110168],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,110145,110146,110148,110150,110152,110154,110156,110158,110160,110162,110164,110166],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,110147,13010],{"class":53},[47,110149,58],{"class":57},[47,110151,10423],{"class":77},[47,110153,309],{"class":151},[47,110155,13027],{"class":155},[47,110157,309],{"class":151},[47,110159,668],{"class":77},[47,110161,303],{"class":151},[47,110163,13044],{"class":155},[47,110165,309],{"class":151},[47,110167,9240],{"class":77},[47,110169,110170,110172,110174,110176,110178,110180,110182,110184],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,110171,17437],{"class":53},[47,110173,914],{"class":77},[47,110175,34727],{"class":81},[47,110177,78],{"class":77},[47,110179,309],{"class":151},[47,110181,17390],{"class":155},[47,110183,309],{"class":151},[47,110185,85],{"class":77},[20,110187,110188,110189,2826],{},"To check first, you can use ",[15,110190,3819],{},[38,110192,110194],{"className":40,"code":110193,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\n\nif \"green\" in colors:\n    colors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,110195,110196,110220,110224,110240],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,110197,110198,110200,110202,110204,110206,110208,110210,110212,110214,110216,110218],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,110199,13010],{"class":53},[47,110201,58],{"class":57},[47,110203,10423],{"class":77},[47,110205,309],{"class":151},[47,110207,13027],{"class":155},[47,110209,309],{"class":151},[47,110211,668],{"class":77},[47,110213,303],{"class":151},[47,110215,13044],{"class":155},[47,110217,309],{"class":151},[47,110219,9240],{"class":77},[47,110221,110222],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,110223,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,110225,110226,110228,110230,110232,110234,110236,110238],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,110227,6930],{"class":3812},[47,110229,303],{"class":151},[47,110231,17390],{"class":155},[47,110233,309],{"class":151},[47,110235,21109],{"class":57},[47,110237,13058],{"class":53},[47,110239,6329],{"class":77},[47,110241,110242,110245,110247,110249,110251,110253,110255,110257],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,110243,110244],{"class":53},"    colors",[47,110246,914],{"class":77},[47,110248,34727],{"class":81},[47,110250,78],{"class":77},[47,110252,309],{"class":151},[47,110254,17390],{"class":155},[47,110256,309],{"class":151},[47,110258,85],{"class":77},[20,110260,110261,110262,110266],{},"Or use ",[360,110263,110264],{"href":108375},[15,110265,102772],{}," if missing values are acceptable.",[373,110268,37138,110270,8636,110272],{"id":110269},"confusing-setremove-with-listremove",[15,110271,102786],{},[15,110273,55002],{},[20,110275,110276],{},"Sets do not store duplicates.",[20,110278,110279,110280,110282],{},"A list can contain repeated values, but a set cannot. That means ",[15,110281,102786],{}," removes a value from a collection where each item is unique.",[20,110284,110285,110286,914],{},"If you are working with lists and duplicates, you may also want to read ",[360,110287,98996],{"href":98995},[373,110289,110291],{"id":110290},"assuming-sets-keep-item-order","Assuming sets keep item order",[20,110293,108281],{},[20,110295,110296],{},"After removing an item, do not expect the remaining items to stay in a specific order when printed.",[33,110298,1762],{"id":1761},[373,110300,1776,110302,97211],{"id":110301},"does-setremove-return-a-new-set",[15,110303,102786],{},[20,110305,110306,110307,914],{},"No. It changes the original set and returns ",[15,110308,3713],{},[373,110310,30222,110312,110314],{"id":110311},"what-error-does-setremove-raise",[15,110313,102786],{}," raise?",[20,110316,30228,110317,110319],{},[15,110318,19623],{}," if the value is not in the set.",[373,110321,21356,110323,1389,110325,1812],{"id":110322},"should-i-use-remove-or-discard",[15,110324,55456],{},[15,110326,102772],{},[20,110328,165,110329,110331,110332,110334],{},[15,110330,55456],{}," when the item should exist. Use ",[15,110333,102772],{}," when missing items are acceptable.",[373,110336,1786,110338,110340],{"id":110337},"can-setremove-remove-multiple-items-at-once",[15,110339,102786],{}," remove multiple items at once?",[20,110342,110343],{},"No. It removes one item at a time. For multiple items, use a loop or another set operation.",[33,110345,1825],{"id":1824},[185,110347,110348,110354,110360,110364,110368],{},[188,110349,110350],{},[360,110351,96732,110352,10673],{"href":108375},[15,110353,102772],{},[188,110355,110356],{},[360,110357,96732,110358,10673],{"href":98132},[15,110359,12696],{},[188,110361,110362],{},[360,110363,97256],{"href":97801},[188,110365,110366],{},[360,110367,100262],{"href":98995},[188,110369,110370],{},[360,110371,11196],{"href":11007},[1875,110373,110374],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":65,"depth":65,"links":110376},[110377,110378,110380,110381,110382,110383,110388,110396,110406],{"id":35,"depth":65,"text":36},{"id":109378,"depth":65,"text":110379},"What set.remove() does",{"id":244,"depth":65,"text":245},{"id":11408,"depth":65,"text":11409},{"id":109629,"depth":65,"text":109630},{"id":109734,"depth":65,"text":110384,"children":110385},"How remove() is different from discard()",[110386,110387],{"id":34727,"depth":88,"text":55456},{"id":102839,"depth":88,"text":102772},{"id":1130,"depth":65,"text":1131,"children":110389},[110390,110392,110393,110395],{"id":109971,"depth":88,"text":110391},"Expecting remove() to return the updated set",{"id":110132,"depth":88,"text":110133},{"id":110269,"depth":88,"text":110394},"Confusing set.remove() with list.remove()",{"id":110290,"depth":88,"text":110291},{"id":1761,"depth":65,"text":1762,"children":110397},[110398,110400,110402,110404],{"id":110301,"depth":88,"text":110399},"Does set.remove() return a new set?",{"id":110311,"depth":88,"text":110401},"What error does set.remove() raise?",{"id":110322,"depth":88,"text":110403},"Should I use remove() or discard()?",{"id":110337,"depth":88,"text":110405},"Can set.remove() remove multiple items at once?",{"id":1824,"depth":65,"text":1825},"Master python set remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method",{"title":109252,"description":110407},"reference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method","rqj96TKU47GbniERUcyXRFNr3Q0LLY8S8sJgEZ7LbL0",{"id":110414,"title":110415,"body":110416,"description":111789,"extension":1922,"meta":111790,"navigation":91,"path":111791,"seo":111792,"stem":111793,"__hash__":111794},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method.md","Python Set symmetric_difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":110417,"toc":111764},[110418,110424,110430,110433,110436,110450,110452,110533,110536,110541,110545,110559,110566,110568,110587,110590,110608,110610,110690,110692,110717,110721,110724,110732,110737,110742,110744,110757,110762,110765,110789,110792,110800,110802,110805,110902,110904,110937,110939,110965,110972,110975,110979,110987,110991,110999,111001,111091,111093,111107,111114,111119,111124,111126,111217,111219,111231,111233,111247,111253,111261,111263,111345,111347,111392,111395,111403,111406,111408,111412,111455,111457,111477,111482,111484,111569,111571,111576,111578,111585,111593,111599,111602,111604,111690,111692,111716,111720,111723,111725,111752,111762],[10,110419,96118,110421,11256],{"id":110420},"python-set-symmetric_difference-method",[15,110422,110423],{},"symmetric_difference()",[20,110425,110426,110429],{},[15,110427,110428],{},"set.symmetric_difference()"," returns the values that appear in exactly one of two sets.",[20,110431,110432],{},"This is useful when you want to compare two sets and keep only the non-matching values.",[20,110434,110435],{},"Use it when:",[185,110437,110438,110441,110447],{},[188,110439,110440],{},"you want items in one set or the other",[188,110442,110443,110444,110446],{},"you do ",[127,110445,768],{}," want items that appear in both sets",[188,110448,110449],{},"you need a new set without changing the originals",[33,110451,3544],{"id":3543},[38,110453,110455],{"className":40,"code":110454,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.symmetric_difference(b)\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110456,110457,110477,110497,110501,110520],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,110458,110459,110461,110463,110465,110467,110469,110471,110473,110475],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,110460,2501],{"class":53},[47,110462,58],{"class":57},[47,110464,10423],{"class":77},[47,110466,665],{"class":61},[47,110468,668],{"class":77},[47,110470,671],{"class":61},[47,110472,668],{"class":77},[47,110474,676],{"class":61},[47,110476,9240],{"class":77},[47,110478,110479,110481,110483,110485,110487,110489,110491,110493,110495],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,110480,2529],{"class":53},[47,110482,58],{"class":57},[47,110484,10423],{"class":77},[47,110486,2021],{"class":61},[47,110488,668],{"class":77},[47,110490,2404],{"class":61},[47,110492,668],{"class":77},[47,110494,4540],{"class":61},[47,110496,9240],{"class":77},[47,110498,110499],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,110500,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,110502,110503,110505,110507,110509,110511,110514,110516,110518],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,110504,2184],{"class":53},[47,110506,58],{"class":57},[47,110508,56815],{"class":53},[47,110510,914],{"class":77},[47,110512,110513],{"class":81},"symmetric_difference",[47,110515,78],{"class":77},[47,110517,4696],{"class":81},[47,110519,85],{"class":77},[47,110521,110522,110524,110526,110528,110530],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,110523,99],{"class":98},[47,110525,78],{"class":77},[47,110527,2218],{"class":81},[47,110529,862],{"class":77},[47,110531,110532],{"class":1378},"  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[20,110534,110535],{},"Use this when you want values that are in one set or the other, but not in both.",[33,110537,172,110539,175],{"id":110538},"what-symmetric_difference-does",[15,110540,110423],{},[20,110542,110543,2826],{},[15,110544,110428],{},[185,110546,110547,110550,110553,110556],{},[188,110548,110549],{},"returns a new set",[188,110551,110552],{},"keeps items that are in only one of the two sets",[188,110554,110555],{},"removes items that exist in both sets",[188,110557,110558],{},"does not change the original set",[20,110560,96242,110561,1389,110563,914],{},[360,110562,96246],{"href":96245},[360,110564,110565],{"href":96249},"creating a set in Python",[33,110567,245],{"id":244},[38,110569,110571],{"className":40,"code":110570,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\n",[15,110572,110573],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,110574,110575,110577,110579,110581,110583,110585],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,110576,100503],{"class":53},[47,110578,914],{"class":77},[47,110580,110513],{"class":81},[47,110582,78],{"class":77},[47,110584,100512],{"class":81},[47,110586,85],{"class":77},[20,110588,110589],{},"Notes:",[185,110591,110592,110597,110602,110605],{},[188,110593,110594,110596],{},[15,110595,100503],{}," must be a set",[188,110598,110599,110601],{},[15,110600,100512],{}," can be any iterable",[188,110603,110604],{},"the result is always a set",[188,110606,110607],{},"the most common use is comparing two sets",[20,110609,800],{},[38,110611,110613],{"className":40,"code":110612,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\nprint(result)\n",[15,110614,110615,110636,110657,110661,110680],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,110616,110617,110620,110622,110624,110626,110628,110630,110632,110634],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,110618,110619],{"class":53},"set1 ",[47,110621,58],{"class":57},[47,110623,10423],{"class":77},[47,110625,665],{"class":61},[47,110627,668],{"class":77},[47,110629,671],{"class":61},[47,110631,668],{"class":77},[47,110633,676],{"class":61},[47,110635,9240],{"class":77},[47,110637,110638,110641,110643,110645,110647,110649,110651,110653,110655],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,110639,110640],{"class":53},"set2 ",[47,110642,58],{"class":57},[47,110644,10423],{"class":77},[47,110646,2021],{"class":61},[47,110648,668],{"class":77},[47,110650,2404],{"class":61},[47,110652,668],{"class":77},[47,110654,4540],{"class":61},[47,110656,9240],{"class":77},[47,110658,110659],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,110660,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,110662,110663,110665,110667,110670,110672,110674,110676,110678],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,110664,2184],{"class":53},[47,110666,58],{"class":57},[47,110668,110669],{"class":53}," set1",[47,110671,914],{"class":77},[47,110673,110513],{"class":81},[47,110675,78],{"class":77},[47,110677,100512],{"class":81},[47,110679,85],{"class":77},[47,110681,110682,110684,110686,110688],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,110683,99],{"class":98},[47,110685,78],{"class":77},[47,110687,2218],{"class":81},[47,110689,85],{"class":77},[20,110691,129],{},[38,110693,110695],{"className":40,"code":110694,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110696,110697],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,110698,110699,110701,110703,110705,110707,110709,110711,110713,110715],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,110700,9211],{"class":77},[47,110702,665],{"class":61},[47,110704,668],{"class":77},[47,110706,671],{"class":61},[47,110708,668],{"class":77},[47,110710,2404],{"class":61},[47,110712,668],{"class":77},[47,110714,4540],{"class":61},[47,110716,9240],{"class":77},[33,110718,110720],{"id":110719},"what-the-result-means","What the result means",[20,110722,110723],{},"The result includes:",[185,110725,110726,110729],{},[188,110727,110728],{},"items only in the first set",[188,110730,110731],{},"items only in the second set",[20,110733,110734,110735,11016],{},"The result does ",[127,110736,768],{},[185,110738,110739],{},[188,110740,110741],{},"items shared by both sets",[20,110743,5405],{},[185,110745,110746,110751],{},[188,110747,110748,110749],{},"first set: ",[15,110750,100200],{},[188,110752,110753,110754],{},"second set: ",[15,110755,110756],{},"{3, 4, 5}",[20,110758,3985,110759,110761],{},[15,110760,2021],{}," is in both sets, so it is removed from the result.",[20,110763,110764],{},"The output is:",[38,110766,110767],{"className":40,"code":110694,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,110768,110769],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,110770,110771,110773,110775,110777,110779,110781,110783,110785,110787],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,110772,9211],{"class":77},[47,110774,665],{"class":61},[47,110776,668],{"class":77},[47,110778,671],{"class":61},[47,110780,668],{"class":77},[47,110782,2404],{"class":61},[47,110784,668],{"class":77},[47,110786,4540],{"class":61},[47,110788,9240],{"class":77},[20,110790,110791],{},"Also remember:",[185,110793,110794,110797],{},[188,110795,110796],{},"sets are unordered",[188,110798,110799],{},"Python does not guarantee the printed order of set items",[33,110801,11409],{"id":11408},[20,110803,110804],{},"Here is a small example with one shared value:",[38,110806,110808],{"className":40,"code":110807,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\"}\n\nresult = colors1.symmetric_difference(colors2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,110809,110810,110842,110866,110870,110888,110892],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,110811,110812,110814,110816,110818,110820,110822,110824,110826,110828,110830,110832,110834,110836,110838,110840],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,110813,106943],{"class":53},[47,110815,58],{"class":57},[47,110817,10423],{"class":77},[47,110819,309],{"class":151},[47,110821,13027],{"class":155},[47,110823,309],{"class":151},[47,110825,668],{"class":77},[47,110827,303],{"class":151},[47,110829,13044],{"class":155},[47,110831,309],{"class":151},[47,110833,668],{"class":77},[47,110835,303],{"class":151},[47,110837,17390],{"class":155},[47,110839,309],{"class":151},[47,110841,9240],{"class":77},[47,110843,110844,110846,110848,110850,110852,110854,110856,110858,110860,110862,110864],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,110845,106976],{"class":53},[47,110847,58],{"class":57},[47,110849,10423],{"class":77},[47,110851,309],{"class":151},[47,110853,17390],{"class":155},[47,110855,309],{"class":151},[47,110857,668],{"class":77},[47,110859,303],{"class":151},[47,110861,22458],{"class":155},[47,110863,309],{"class":151},[47,110865,9240],{"class":77},[47,110867,110868],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,110869,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,110871,110872,110874,110876,110878,110880,110882,110884,110886],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,110873,2184],{"class":53},[47,110875,58],{"class":57},[47,110877,107018],{"class":53},[47,110879,914],{"class":77},[47,110881,110513],{"class":81},[47,110883,78],{"class":77},[47,110885,107027],{"class":81},[47,110887,85],{"class":77},[47,110889,110890],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,110891,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,110893,110894,110896,110898,110900],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,110895,99],{"class":98},[47,110897,78],{"class":77},[47,110899,2218],{"class":81},[47,110901,85],{"class":77},[20,110903,129],{},[38,110905,110907],{"className":40,"code":110906,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'red', 'blue', 'yellow'}\n",[15,110908,110909],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,110910,110911,110913,110915,110917,110919,110921,110923,110925,110927,110929,110931,110933,110935],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,110912,9211],{"class":77},[47,110914,159],{"class":151},[47,110916,13027],{"class":155},[47,110918,159],{"class":151},[47,110920,668],{"class":77},[47,110922,152],{"class":151},[47,110924,13044],{"class":155},[47,110926,159],{"class":151},[47,110928,668],{"class":77},[47,110930,152],{"class":151},[47,110932,22458],{"class":155},[47,110934,159],{"class":151},[47,110936,9240],{"class":77},[20,110938,13344],{},[185,110940,110941,110946,110957],{},[188,110942,110943,110945],{},[15,110944,96411],{}," is in both sets, so it is excluded",[188,110947,110948,4329,110950,110953,110954,110956],{},[15,110949,65319],{},[15,110951,110952],{},"\"blue\""," are only in ",[15,110955,107080],{},", so they stay",[188,110958,110959,110961,110962,110964],{},[15,110960,109719],{}," is only in ",[15,110963,107027],{},", so it stays",[33,110966,110968,920,110970],{"id":110967},"symmetric_difference-vs-difference",[15,110969,110423],{},[15,110971,100332],{},[20,110973,110974],{},"These two methods are similar, but they do not do the same thing.",[20,110976,110977,2826],{},[15,110978,100332],{},[185,110980,110981,110984],{},[188,110982,110983],{},"keeps items only from the first set",[188,110985,110986],{},"ignores unique items from the second set",[20,110988,110989,2826],{},[15,110990,110423],{},[185,110992,110993,110996],{},[188,110994,110995],{},"keeps unique items from both sets",[188,110997,110998],{},"removes shared items",[20,111000,800],{},[38,111002,111004],{"className":40,"code":111003,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))            # {1, 2}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111005,111006,111026,111046,111050,111071],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,111007,111008,111010,111012,111014,111016,111018,111020,111022,111024],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,111009,2501],{"class":53},[47,111011,58],{"class":57},[47,111013,10423],{"class":77},[47,111015,665],{"class":61},[47,111017,668],{"class":77},[47,111019,671],{"class":61},[47,111021,668],{"class":77},[47,111023,676],{"class":61},[47,111025,9240],{"class":77},[47,111027,111028,111030,111032,111034,111036,111038,111040,111042,111044],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,111029,2529],{"class":53},[47,111031,58],{"class":57},[47,111033,10423],{"class":77},[47,111035,2021],{"class":61},[47,111037,668],{"class":77},[47,111039,2404],{"class":61},[47,111041,668],{"class":77},[47,111043,4540],{"class":61},[47,111045,9240],{"class":77},[47,111047,111048],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,111049,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,111051,111052,111054,111056,111058,111060,111062,111064,111066,111068],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,111053,99],{"class":98},[47,111055,78],{"class":77},[47,111057,360],{"class":81},[47,111059,914],{"class":77},[47,111061,2756],{"class":81},[47,111063,78],{"class":77},[47,111065,4696],{"class":81},[47,111067,5294],{"class":77},[47,111069,111070],{"class":1378},"            # {1, 2}\n",[47,111072,111073,111075,111077,111079,111081,111083,111085,111087,111089],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,111074,99],{"class":98},[47,111076,78],{"class":77},[47,111078,360],{"class":81},[47,111080,914],{"class":77},[47,111082,110513],{"class":81},[47,111084,78],{"class":77},[47,111086,4696],{"class":81},[47,111088,5294],{"class":77},[47,111090,110532],{"class":1378},[20,111092,18630],{},[185,111094,111095,111102],{},[188,111096,111097,111101],{},[360,111098,111099],{"href":102758},[15,111100,100332],{}," for a one-sided comparison",[188,111103,111104,111106],{},[15,111105,110423],{}," for a two-sided comparison",[33,111108,111110,920,111112],{"id":111109},"symmetric_difference-vs-union",[15,111111,110423],{},[15,111113,102717],{},[20,111115,111116,111118],{},[15,111117,102717],{}," combines both sets.",[20,111120,111121,111123],{},[15,111122,110423],{}," only keeps non-shared values.",[20,111125,800],{},[38,111127,111129],{"className":40,"code":111128,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.union(b))                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111130,111131,111151,111171,111175,111197],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,111132,111133,111135,111137,111139,111141,111143,111145,111147,111149],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,111134,2501],{"class":53},[47,111136,58],{"class":57},[47,111138,10423],{"class":77},[47,111140,665],{"class":61},[47,111142,668],{"class":77},[47,111144,671],{"class":61},[47,111146,668],{"class":77},[47,111148,676],{"class":61},[47,111150,9240],{"class":77},[47,111152,111153,111155,111157,111159,111161,111163,111165,111167,111169],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,111154,2529],{"class":53},[47,111156,58],{"class":57},[47,111158,10423],{"class":77},[47,111160,2021],{"class":61},[47,111162,668],{"class":77},[47,111164,2404],{"class":61},[47,111166,668],{"class":77},[47,111168,4540],{"class":61},[47,111170,9240],{"class":77},[47,111172,111173],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,111174,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,111176,111177,111179,111181,111183,111185,111188,111190,111192,111194],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,111178,99],{"class":98},[47,111180,78],{"class":77},[47,111182,360],{"class":81},[47,111184,914],{"class":77},[47,111186,111187],{"class":81},"union",[47,111189,78],{"class":77},[47,111191,4696],{"class":81},[47,111193,5294],{"class":77},[47,111195,111196],{"class":1378},"                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[47,111198,111199,111201,111203,111205,111207,111209,111211,111213,111215],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,111200,99],{"class":98},[47,111202,78],{"class":77},[47,111204,360],{"class":81},[47,111206,914],{"class":77},[47,111208,110513],{"class":81},[47,111210,78],{"class":77},[47,111212,4696],{"class":81},[47,111214,5294],{"class":77},[47,111216,110532],{"class":1378},[20,111218,27154],{},[185,111220,111221,111226],{},[188,111222,111223,111225],{},[15,111224,102717],{}," includes everything",[188,111227,111228,111230],{},[15,111229,110423],{}," excludes values found in both sets",[20,111232,18630],{},[185,111234,111235,111242],{},[188,111236,111237,111241],{},[360,111238,111239],{"href":107648},[15,111240,102717],{}," when overlap does not matter",[188,111243,111244,111246],{},[15,111245,110423],{}," when you want non-matching values only",[33,111248,36546,111250,101516],{"id":111249},"using-the-operator",[15,111251,111252],{},"^",[20,111254,111255,111256,111258,111259,914],{},"For sets, the ",[15,111257,111252],{}," operator gives the same result as ",[15,111260,110423],{},[20,111262,800],{},[38,111264,111266],{"className":40,"code":111265,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\n",[15,111267,111268,111288,111308,111312,111330],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,111269,111270,111272,111274,111276,111278,111280,111282,111284,111286],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,111271,110619],{"class":53},[47,111273,58],{"class":57},[47,111275,10423],{"class":77},[47,111277,665],{"class":61},[47,111279,668],{"class":77},[47,111281,671],{"class":61},[47,111283,668],{"class":77},[47,111285,676],{"class":61},[47,111287,9240],{"class":77},[47,111289,111290,111292,111294,111296,111298,111300,111302,111304,111306],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,111291,110640],{"class":53},[47,111293,58],{"class":57},[47,111295,10423],{"class":77},[47,111297,2021],{"class":61},[47,111299,668],{"class":77},[47,111301,2404],{"class":61},[47,111303,668],{"class":77},[47,111305,4540],{"class":61},[47,111307,9240],{"class":77},[47,111309,111310],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,111311,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,111313,111314,111316,111318,111320,111322,111324,111326,111328],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,111315,99],{"class":98},[47,111317,78],{"class":77},[47,111319,100503],{"class":81},[47,111321,914],{"class":77},[47,111323,110513],{"class":81},[47,111325,78],{"class":77},[47,111327,100512],{"class":81},[47,111329,123],{"class":77},[47,111331,111332,111334,111336,111338,111340,111343],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,111333,99],{"class":98},[47,111335,78],{"class":77},[47,111337,110619],{"class":81},[47,111339,111252],{"class":57},[47,111341,111342],{"class":81}," set2",[47,111344,85],{"class":77},[20,111346,29964],{},[38,111348,111350],{"className":40,"code":111349,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111351,111352,111372],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,111353,111354,111356,111358,111360,111362,111364,111366,111368,111370],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,111355,9211],{"class":77},[47,111357,665],{"class":61},[47,111359,668],{"class":77},[47,111361,671],{"class":61},[47,111363,668],{"class":77},[47,111365,2404],{"class":61},[47,111367,668],{"class":77},[47,111369,4540],{"class":61},[47,111371,9240],{"class":77},[47,111373,111374,111376,111378,111380,111382,111384,111386,111388,111390],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,111375,9211],{"class":77},[47,111377,665],{"class":61},[47,111379,668],{"class":77},[47,111381,671],{"class":61},[47,111383,668],{"class":77},[47,111385,2404],{"class":61},[47,111387,668],{"class":77},[47,111389,4540],{"class":61},[47,111391,9240],{"class":77},[20,111393,111394],{},"Both forms:",[185,111396,111397,111400],{},[188,111398,111399],{},"return a new set",[188,111401,111402],{},"do not change the original sets",[20,111404,111405],{},"For beginners, the method form is often easier to read because the name explains what it does.",[33,111407,1131],{"id":1130},[20,111409,21147,111410,2826],{},[15,111411,110423],{},[185,111413,111414,111422,111432,111447],{},[188,111415,111416,111419,111421],{},[127,111417,111418],{},"Expecting sorted output",[9778,111420],{},"\nSets are unordered, so the result may print in a different order than you expect.",[188,111423,111424,111427,111429,111431],{},[127,111425,111426],{},"Thinking the original set is changed",[9778,111428],{},[15,111430,110423],{}," returns a new set. It does not modify the original set.",[188,111433,111434,111439,111441,111443,111444,111446],{},[127,111435,111436,111437],{},"Confusing it with ",[15,111438,100332],{},[9778,111440],{},[15,111442,100332],{}," only keeps items from the first set. ",[15,111445,110423],{}," keeps unique items from both sets.",[188,111448,111449,111452,111454],{},[127,111450,111451],{},"Forgetting that sets remove duplicates",[9778,111453],{},"\nA set only stores unique values. If your original data has repeated values, they will appear only once.",[20,111456,58789],{},[185,111458,111459,111468,111471,111474],{},[188,111460,50417,111461,44561,111463,111467],{},[15,111462,110423],{},[360,111464,111465],{"href":107648},[15,111466,102717],{}," is actually needed",[188,111469,111470],{},"comparing lists instead of converting them to sets first",[188,111472,111473],{},"assuming repeated values will appear multiple times in the result",[188,111475,111476],{},"being confused by output order",[20,111478,111479,111480,914],{},"If you are starting with a list and want unique values first, see ",[360,111481,98996],{"href":105261},[20,111483,62222],{},[38,111485,111487],{"className":40,"code":111486,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(set1)\nprint(set2)\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\nprint(type(set1))\nprint(type(set2))\n",[15,111488,111489,111499,111509,111527,111541,111555],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,111490,111491,111493,111495,111497],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,111492,99],{"class":98},[47,111494,78],{"class":77},[47,111496,100503],{"class":81},[47,111498,85],{"class":77},[47,111500,111501,111503,111505,111507],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,111502,99],{"class":98},[47,111504,78],{"class":77},[47,111506,100512],{"class":81},[47,111508,85],{"class":77},[47,111510,111511,111513,111515,111517,111519,111521,111523,111525],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,111512,99],{"class":98},[47,111514,78],{"class":77},[47,111516,100503],{"class":81},[47,111518,914],{"class":77},[47,111520,110513],{"class":81},[47,111522,78],{"class":77},[47,111524,100512],{"class":81},[47,111526,123],{"class":77},[47,111528,111529,111531,111533,111535,111537,111539],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,111530,99],{"class":98},[47,111532,78],{"class":77},[47,111534,110619],{"class":81},[47,111536,111252],{"class":57},[47,111538,111342],{"class":81},[47,111540,85],{"class":77},[47,111542,111543,111545,111547,111549,111551,111553],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,111544,99],{"class":98},[47,111546,78],{"class":77},[47,111548,116],{"class":73},[47,111550,78],{"class":77},[47,111552,100503],{"class":81},[47,111554,123],{"class":77},[47,111556,111557,111559,111561,111563,111565,111567],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,111558,99],{"class":98},[47,111560,78],{"class":77},[47,111562,116],{"class":73},[47,111564,78],{"class":77},[47,111566,100512],{"class":81},[47,111568,123],{"class":77},[33,111570,1762],{"id":1761},[373,111572,1776,111574,102657],{"id":111573},"does-symmetric_difference-change-the-original-set",[15,111575,110423],{},[20,111577,102660],{},[373,111579,5111,111581,4329,111583,1812],{"id":111580},"what-is-the-difference-between-symmetric_difference-and-difference",[15,111582,110423],{},[15,111584,100332],{},[20,111586,111587,111589,111590,111592],{},[15,111588,100332],{}," keeps items only from the first set. ",[15,111591,110423],{}," keeps items that appear in exactly one of the two sets.",[373,111594,28262,111596,111598],{"id":111595},"can-i-use-symmetric_difference-with-lists",[15,111597,110423],{}," with lists?",[20,111600,111601],{},"The method is for sets. Convert a list to a set first if needed.",[20,111603,800],{},[38,111605,111607],{"className":40,"code":111606,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"list1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = set(list1).symmetric_difference(set(list2))\nprint(result)\n",[15,111608,111609,111629,111649,111653,111680],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,111610,111611,111613,111615,111617,111619,111621,111623,111625,111627],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,111612,80582],{"class":53},[47,111614,58],{"class":57},[47,111616,662],{"class":77},[47,111618,665],{"class":61},[47,111620,668],{"class":77},[47,111622,671],{"class":61},[47,111624,668],{"class":77},[47,111626,676],{"class":61},[47,111628,679],{"class":77},[47,111630,111631,111633,111635,111637,111639,111641,111643,111645,111647],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,111632,80603],{"class":53},[47,111634,58],{"class":57},[47,111636,662],{"class":77},[47,111638,2021],{"class":61},[47,111640,668],{"class":77},[47,111642,2404],{"class":61},[47,111644,668],{"class":77},[47,111646,4540],{"class":61},[47,111648,679],{"class":77},[47,111650,111651],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,111652,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,111654,111655,111657,111659,111661,111663,111666,111668,111670,111672,111674,111676,111678],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,111656,2184],{"class":53},[47,111658,58],{"class":57},[47,111660,15568],{"class":73},[47,111662,78],{"class":77},[47,111664,111665],{"class":81},"list1",[47,111667,8562],{"class":77},[47,111669,110513],{"class":81},[47,111671,78],{"class":77},[47,111673,6222],{"class":73},[47,111675,78],{"class":77},[47,111677,80869],{"class":81},[47,111679,123],{"class":77},[47,111681,111682,111684,111686,111688],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,111683,99],{"class":98},[47,111685,78],{"class":77},[47,111687,2218],{"class":81},[47,111689,85],{"class":77},[20,111691,129],{},[38,111693,111694],{"className":40,"code":110694,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,111695,111696],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,111697,111698,111700,111702,111704,111706,111708,111710,111712,111714],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,111699,9211],{"class":77},[47,111701,665],{"class":61},[47,111703,668],{"class":77},[47,111705,671],{"class":61},[47,111707,668],{"class":77},[47,111709,2404],{"class":61},[47,111711,668],{"class":77},[47,111713,4540],{"class":61},[47,111715,9240],{"class":77},[373,111717,111719],{"id":111718},"why-does-the-output-order-look-random","Why does the output order look random?",[20,111721,111722],{},"Sets are unordered, so Python does not guarantee item order.",[33,111724,1825],{"id":1824},[185,111726,111727,111731,111736,111742,111748],{},[188,111728,111729],{},[360,111730,96246],{"href":96245},[188,111732,111733],{},[360,111734,111735],{"href":96249},"Creating a set in Python",[188,111737,111738],{},[360,111739,96732,111740,10673],{"href":102758},[15,111741,100332],{},[188,111743,111744],{},[360,111745,96732,111746,10673],{"href":107648},[15,111747,102717],{},[188,111749,111750],{},[360,111751,100262],{"href":105261},[20,111753,111754,111755,1752,111757,17008,111759,111761],{},"If you are learning set methods, compare ",[15,111756,100332],{},[15,111758,102717],{},[15,111760,110423],{}," side by side. That makes it much easier to choose the right one for real tasks.",[1875,111763,57168],{},{"title":43,"searchDepth":65,"depth":65,"links":111765},[111766,111767,111769,111770,111771,111772,111774,111776,111778,111779,111788],{"id":3543,"depth":65,"text":3544},{"id":110538,"depth":65,"text":111768},"What symmetric_difference() does",{"id":244,"depth":65,"text":245},{"id":110719,"depth":65,"text":110720},{"id":11408,"depth":65,"text":11409},{"id":110967,"depth":65,"text":111773},"symmetric_difference() vs difference()",{"id":111109,"depth":65,"text":111775},"symmetric_difference() vs union()",{"id":111249,"depth":65,"text":111777},"Using the ^ operator",{"id":1130,"depth":65,"text":1131},{"id":1761,"depth":65,"text":1762,"children":111780},[111781,111783,111785,111787],{"id":111573,"depth":88,"text":111782},"Does symmetric_difference() change the original set?",{"id":111580,"depth":88,"text":111784},"What is the difference between symmetric_difference() and difference()?",{"id":111595,"depth":88,"text":111786},"Can I use symmetric_difference() with lists?",{"id":111718,"depth":88,"text":111719},{"id":1824,"depth":65,"text":1825},"Master python set symmetric_difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method",{"title":110415,"description":111789},"reference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method","lpKe_do_U0RkRSxaS1njn8pocrqwUs1i7_KsXGGWZm4",{"id":111796,"title":111797,"body":111798,"description":113859,"extension":1922,"meta":113860,"navigation":91,"path":107648,"seo":113861,"stem":113862,"__hash__":113863},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method.md","Python Set union() Method",{"type":7,"value":111799,"toc":113818},[111800,111805,111810,111813,111826,111828,111910,111915,111920,111924,111936,111939,111943,111945,111972,111974,111985,111988,112057,112059,112065,112068,112078,112080,112169,112174,112176,112183,112186,112188,112191,112311,112313,112382,112385,112402,112407,112410,112526,112528,112557,112560,112566,112571,112575,112656,112658,112686,112691,112695,112790,112792,112833,112837,112840,112907,112909,112950,112956,112971,112978,112985,112989,112995,113081,113085,113093,113164,113169,113176,113178,113184,113186,113251,113253,113269,113274,113277,113346,113350,113353,113412,113415,113419,113472,113485,113488,113541,113545,113547,113578,113581,113586,113639,113641,113644,113665,113677,113679,113732,113734,113739,113741,113747,113750,113756,113761,113765,113768,113776,113785,113787,113815],[10,111801,13,111803,11256],{"id":111802},"python-setunion-method",[15,111804,107961],{},[20,111806,111807,111809],{},[15,111808,107961],{}," combines items from one set with items from one or more other iterables.",[20,111811,111812],{},"It is useful when you want:",[185,111814,111815,111818,111823],{},[188,111816,111817],{},"all unique values from multiple collections",[188,111819,2501,111820,111822],{},[127,111821,100687],{}," as the result",[188,111824,111825],{},"to keep the original set unchanged",[33,111827,36],{"id":35},[38,111829,111831],{"className":40,"code":111830,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2)\nprint(result)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,111832,111833,111853,111873,111877,111895,111905],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,111834,111835,111837,111839,111841,111843,111845,111847,111849,111851],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,111836,110619],{"class":53},[47,111838,58],{"class":57},[47,111840,10423],{"class":77},[47,111842,665],{"class":61},[47,111844,668],{"class":77},[47,111846,671],{"class":61},[47,111848,668],{"class":77},[47,111850,676],{"class":61},[47,111852,9240],{"class":77},[47,111854,111855,111857,111859,111861,111863,111865,111867,111869,111871],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,111856,110640],{"class":53},[47,111858,58],{"class":57},[47,111860,10423],{"class":77},[47,111862,2021],{"class":61},[47,111864,668],{"class":77},[47,111866,2404],{"class":61},[47,111868,668],{"class":77},[47,111870,4540],{"class":61},[47,111872,9240],{"class":77},[47,111874,111875],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,111876,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,111878,111879,111881,111883,111885,111887,111889,111891,111893],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,111880,2184],{"class":53},[47,111882,58],{"class":57},[47,111884,110669],{"class":53},[47,111886,914],{"class":77},[47,111888,111187],{"class":81},[47,111890,78],{"class":77},[47,111892,100512],{"class":81},[47,111894,85],{"class":77},[47,111896,111897,111899,111901,111903],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,111898,99],{"class":98},[47,111900,78],{"class":77},[47,111902,2218],{"class":81},[47,111904,85],{"class":77},[47,111906,111907],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,111908,111909],{"class":1378},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[20,111911,111912,111914],{},[15,111913,102717],{}," returns a new set containing all unique items from both sets.",[33,111916,172,111918,175],{"id":111917},"what-setunion-does",[15,111919,107961],{},[20,111921,111922,2826],{},[15,111923,107961],{},[185,111925,111926,111929,111932,111934],{},[188,111927,111928],{},"combines items from one set and one or more other iterables",[188,111930,111931],{},"keeps only unique values",[188,111933,110549],{},[188,111935,110558],{},[20,111937,111938],{},"If the same value appears more than once, it will appear only once in the result.",[20,111940,96242,111941,914],{},[360,111942,96246],{"href":97417},[33,111944,245],{"id":244},[38,111946,111948],{"className":40,"code":111947,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"set1.union(set2, set3, ...)\n",[15,111949,111950],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,111951,111952,111954,111956,111958,111960,111962,111964,111966,111968,111970],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,111953,100503],{"class":53},[47,111955,914],{"class":77},[47,111957,111187],{"class":81},[47,111959,78],{"class":77},[47,111961,100512],{"class":81},[47,111963,668],{"class":77},[47,111965,100539],{"class":81},[47,111967,668],{"class":77},[47,111969,34388],{"class":98},[47,111971,85],{"class":77},[20,111973,12986],{},[185,111975,111976,111979,111982],{},[188,111977,111978],{},"You can pass one or more arguments.",[188,111980,111981],{},"Each argument can be a set or another iterable.",[188,111983,111984],{},"The method returns a new set with all unique items.",[20,111986,111987],{},"Example with two sets:",[38,111989,111991],{"className":40,"code":111990,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,111992,111993,112009,112025,112029,112047],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,111994,111995,111997,111999,112001,112003,112005,112007],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,111996,2501],{"class":53},[47,111998,58],{"class":57},[47,112000,10423],{"class":77},[47,112002,665],{"class":61},[47,112004,668],{"class":77},[47,112006,671],{"class":61},[47,112008,9240],{"class":77},[47,112010,112011,112013,112015,112017,112019,112021,112023],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,112012,2529],{"class":53},[47,112014,58],{"class":57},[47,112016,10423],{"class":77},[47,112018,2016],{"class":61},[47,112020,668],{"class":77},[47,112022,676],{"class":61},[47,112024,9240],{"class":77},[47,112026,112027],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,112028,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,112030,112031,112033,112035,112037,112039,112041,112043,112045],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,112032,2184],{"class":53},[47,112034,58],{"class":57},[47,112036,56815],{"class":53},[47,112038,914],{"class":77},[47,112040,111187],{"class":81},[47,112042,78],{"class":77},[47,112044,4696],{"class":81},[47,112046,85],{"class":77},[47,112048,112049,112051,112053,112055],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,112050,99],{"class":98},[47,112052,78],{"class":77},[47,112054,2218],{"class":81},[47,112056,85],{"class":77},[33,112058,21905],{"id":21904},[20,112060,112061,100684,112063,914],{},[15,112062,107961],{},[127,112064,100687],{},[20,112066,112067],{},"That returned set contains every unique item found in:",[185,112069,112070,112073],{},[188,112071,112072],{},"the original set",[188,112074,112075,112076],{},"all arguments passed to ",[15,112077,102717],{},[20,112079,800],{},[38,112081,112083],{"className":40,"code":112082,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\n\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)       # {1, 2}\n",[15,112084,112085,112101,112117,112121,112139,112143,112156],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,112086,112087,112089,112091,112093,112095,112097,112099],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,112088,2501],{"class":53},[47,112090,58],{"class":57},[47,112092,10423],{"class":77},[47,112094,665],{"class":61},[47,112096,668],{"class":77},[47,112098,671],{"class":61},[47,112100,9240],{"class":77},[47,112102,112103,112105,112107,112109,112111,112113,112115],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,112104,2529],{"class":53},[47,112106,58],{"class":57},[47,112108,10423],{"class":77},[47,112110,2016],{"class":61},[47,112112,668],{"class":77},[47,112114,676],{"class":61},[47,112116,9240],{"class":77},[47,112118,112119],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,112120,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,112122,112123,112125,112127,112129,112131,112133,112135,112137],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,112124,2184],{"class":53},[47,112126,58],{"class":57},[47,112128,56815],{"class":53},[47,112130,914],{"class":77},[47,112132,111187],{"class":81},[47,112134,78],{"class":77},[47,112136,4696],{"class":81},[47,112138,85],{"class":77},[47,112140,112141],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,112142,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,112144,112145,112147,112149,112151,112153],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,112146,99],{"class":98},[47,112148,78],{"class":77},[47,112150,2218],{"class":81},[47,112152,862],{"class":77},[47,112154,112155],{"class":1378},"  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[47,112157,112158,112160,112162,112164,112166],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,112159,99],{"class":98},[47,112161,78],{"class":77},[47,112163,360],{"class":81},[47,112165,862],{"class":77},[47,112167,112168],{"class":1378},"       # {1, 2}\n",[20,112170,2240,112171,112173],{},[15,112172,360],{}," did not change.",[20,112175,110791],{},[185,112177,112178,112180],{},[188,112179,110796],{},[188,112181,112182],{},"printed output order is not guaranteed",[20,112184,112185],{},"So you may see the same values in a different order.",[33,112187,11409],{"id":11408},[20,112189,112190],{},"Here is a basic example with overlapping values:",[38,112192,112194],{"className":40,"code":112193,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits1 = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits2 = {\"banana\", \"grape\", \"orange\"}\n\nresult = fruits1.union(fruits2)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits1)\n",[15,112195,112196,112229,112262,112266,112286,112290,112300],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,112197,112198,112201,112203,112205,112207,112209,112211,112213,112215,112217,112219,112221,112223,112225,112227],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,112199,112200],{"class":53},"fruits1 ",[47,112202,58],{"class":57},[47,112204,10423],{"class":77},[47,112206,309],{"class":151},[47,112208,1425],{"class":155},[47,112210,309],{"class":151},[47,112212,668],{"class":77},[47,112214,303],{"class":151},[47,112216,1434],{"class":155},[47,112218,309],{"class":151},[47,112220,668],{"class":77},[47,112222,303],{"class":151},[47,112224,1443],{"class":155},[47,112226,309],{"class":151},[47,112228,9240],{"class":77},[47,112230,112231,112234,112236,112238,112240,112242,112244,112246,112248,112250,112252,112254,112256,112258,112260],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,112232,112233],{"class":53},"fruits2 ",[47,112235,58],{"class":57},[47,112237,10423],{"class":77},[47,112239,309],{"class":151},[47,112241,1434],{"class":155},[47,112243,309],{"class":151},[47,112245,668],{"class":77},[47,112247,303],{"class":151},[47,112249,22467],{"class":155},[47,112251,309],{"class":151},[47,112253,668],{"class":77},[47,112255,303],{"class":151},[47,112257,1443],{"class":155},[47,112259,309],{"class":151},[47,112261,9240],{"class":77},[47,112263,112264],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,112265,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,112267,112268,112270,112272,112275,112277,112279,112281,112284],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,112269,2184],{"class":53},[47,112271,58],{"class":57},[47,112273,112274],{"class":53}," fruits1",[47,112276,914],{"class":77},[47,112278,111187],{"class":81},[47,112280,78],{"class":77},[47,112282,112283],{"class":81},"fruits2",[47,112285,85],{"class":77},[47,112287,112288],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,112289,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,112291,112292,112294,112296,112298],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,112293,99],{"class":98},[47,112295,78],{"class":77},[47,112297,2218],{"class":81},[47,112299,85],{"class":77},[47,112301,112302,112304,112306,112309],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,112303,99],{"class":98},[47,112305,78],{"class":77},[47,112307,112308],{"class":81},"fruits1",[47,112310,85],{"class":77},[20,112312,29964],{},[38,112314,112316],{"className":40,"code":112315,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple', 'grape'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n",[15,112317,112318,112354],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,112319,112320,112322,112324,112326,112328,112330,112332,112334,112336,112338,112340,112342,112344,112346,112348,112350,112352],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,112321,9211],{"class":77},[47,112323,159],{"class":151},[47,112325,1434],{"class":155},[47,112327,159],{"class":151},[47,112329,668],{"class":77},[47,112331,152],{"class":151},[47,112333,1443],{"class":155},[47,112335,159],{"class":151},[47,112337,668],{"class":77},[47,112339,152],{"class":151},[47,112341,1425],{"class":155},[47,112343,159],{"class":151},[47,112345,668],{"class":77},[47,112347,152],{"class":151},[47,112349,22467],{"class":155},[47,112351,159],{"class":151},[47,112353,9240],{"class":77},[47,112355,112356,112358,112360,112362,112364,112366,112368,112370,112372,112374,112376,112378,112380],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,112357,9211],{"class":77},[47,112359,159],{"class":151},[47,112361,1434],{"class":155},[47,112363,159],{"class":151},[47,112365,668],{"class":77},[47,112367,152],{"class":151},[47,112369,1443],{"class":155},[47,112371,159],{"class":151},[47,112373,668],{"class":77},[47,112375,152],{"class":151},[47,112377,1425],{"class":155},[47,112379,159],{"class":151},[47,112381,9240],{"class":77},[20,112383,112384],{},"What this shows:",[185,112386,112387,112394,112397],{},[188,112388,112389,4329,112391,112393],{},[15,112390,65201],{},[15,112392,65628],{}," appear in both sets",[188,112395,112396],{},"they appear only once in the result",[188,112398,112399,112401],{},[15,112400,112308],{}," stays unchanged",[33,112403,1335,112405,101076],{"id":112404},"using-union-with-multiple-sets",[15,112406,102717],{},[20,112408,112409],{},"You can combine three or more sets in one call.",[38,112411,112413],{"className":40,"code":112412,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"set1 = {1, 2}\nset2 = {2, 3}\nset3 = {3, 4}\nset4 = {4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2, set3, set4)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,112414,112415,112431,112447,112464,112481,112485,112512,112516],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,112416,112417,112419,112421,112423,112425,112427,112429],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,112418,110619],{"class":53},[47,112420,58],{"class":57},[47,112422,10423],{"class":77},[47,112424,665],{"class":61},[47,112426,668],{"class":77},[47,112428,671],{"class":61},[47,112430,9240],{"class":77},[47,112432,112433,112435,112437,112439,112441,112443,112445],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,112434,110640],{"class":53},[47,112436,58],{"class":57},[47,112438,10423],{"class":77},[47,112440,2016],{"class":61},[47,112442,668],{"class":77},[47,112444,676],{"class":61},[47,112446,9240],{"class":77},[47,112448,112449,112452,112454,112456,112458,112460,112462],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,112450,112451],{"class":53},"set3 ",[47,112453,58],{"class":57},[47,112455,10423],{"class":77},[47,112457,2021],{"class":61},[47,112459,668],{"class":77},[47,112461,2404],{"class":61},[47,112463,9240],{"class":77},[47,112465,112466,112469,112471,112473,112475,112477,112479],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,112467,112468],{"class":53},"set4 ",[47,112470,58],{"class":57},[47,112472,10423],{"class":77},[47,112474,2451],{"class":61},[47,112476,668],{"class":77},[47,112478,4540],{"class":61},[47,112480,9240],{"class":77},[47,112482,112483],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,112484,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,112486,112487,112489,112491,112493,112495,112497,112499,112501,112503,112505,112507,112510],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,112488,2184],{"class":53},[47,112490,58],{"class":57},[47,112492,110669],{"class":53},[47,112494,914],{"class":77},[47,112496,111187],{"class":81},[47,112498,78],{"class":77},[47,112500,100512],{"class":81},[47,112502,668],{"class":77},[47,112504,100539],{"class":81},[47,112506,668],{"class":77},[47,112508,112509],{"class":81}," set4",[47,112511,85],{"class":77},[47,112513,112514],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,112515,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,112517,112518,112520,112522,112524],{"class":49,"line":1734},[47,112519,99],{"class":98},[47,112521,78],{"class":77},[47,112523,2218],{"class":81},[47,112525,85],{"class":77},[20,112527,29964],{},[38,112529,112531],{"className":40,"code":112530,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,112532,112533],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,112534,112535,112537,112539,112541,112543,112545,112547,112549,112551,112553,112555],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,112536,9211],{"class":77},[47,112538,665],{"class":61},[47,112540,668],{"class":77},[47,112542,671],{"class":61},[47,112544,668],{"class":77},[47,112546,676],{"class":61},[47,112548,668],{"class":77},[47,112550,2404],{"class":61},[47,112552,668],{"class":77},[47,112554,4540],{"class":61},[47,112556,9240],{"class":77},[20,112558,112559],{},"This is useful when collecting unique values from many sources.",[33,112561,1335,112563,112565],{"id":112562},"using-union-with-other-iterables",[15,112564,102717],{}," with other iterables",[20,112567,112568,112570],{},[15,112569,102717],{}," does not only work with sets. It also accepts other iterables such as lists and tuples.",[373,112572,112574],{"id":112573},"with-a-list","With a list",[38,112576,112578],{"className":40,"code":112577,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nmore_numbers = [3, 4, 5, 5]\n\nresult = numbers.union(more_numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112579,112580,112600,112624,112628,112646],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,112581,112582,112584,112586,112588,112590,112592,112594,112596,112598],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,112583,3554],{"class":53},[47,112585,58],{"class":57},[47,112587,10423],{"class":77},[47,112589,665],{"class":61},[47,112591,668],{"class":77},[47,112593,671],{"class":61},[47,112595,668],{"class":77},[47,112597,676],{"class":61},[47,112599,9240],{"class":77},[47,112601,112602,112604,112606,112608,112610,112612,112614,112616,112618,112620,112622],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,112603,60975],{"class":53},[47,112605,58],{"class":57},[47,112607,662],{"class":77},[47,112609,2021],{"class":61},[47,112611,668],{"class":77},[47,112613,2404],{"class":61},[47,112615,668],{"class":77},[47,112617,4540],{"class":61},[47,112619,668],{"class":77},[47,112621,4540],{"class":61},[47,112623,679],{"class":77},[47,112625,112626],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,112627,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,112629,112630,112632,112634,112636,112638,112640,112642,112644],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,112631,2184],{"class":53},[47,112633,58],{"class":57},[47,112635,4198],{"class":53},[47,112637,914],{"class":77},[47,112639,111187],{"class":81},[47,112641,78],{"class":77},[47,112643,61004],{"class":81},[47,112645,85],{"class":77},[47,112647,112648,112650,112652,112654],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,112649,99],{"class":98},[47,112651,78],{"class":77},[47,112653,2218],{"class":81},[47,112655,85],{"class":77},[20,112657,29964],{},[38,112659,112660],{"className":40,"code":112530,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,112661,112662],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,112663,112664,112666,112668,112670,112672,112674,112676,112678,112680,112682,112684],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,112665,9211],{"class":77},[47,112667,665],{"class":61},[47,112669,668],{"class":77},[47,112671,671],{"class":61},[47,112673,668],{"class":77},[47,112675,676],{"class":61},[47,112677,668],{"class":77},[47,112679,2404],{"class":61},[47,112681,668],{"class":77},[47,112683,4540],{"class":61},[47,112685,9240],{"class":77},[20,112687,20913,112688,112690],{},[15,112689,2094],{}," appears twice in the list, it appears only once in the result.",[373,112692,112694],{"id":112693},"with-a-tuple","With a tuple",[38,112696,112698],{"className":40,"code":112697,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nmore_letters = (\"b\", \"c\", \"d\")\n\nresult = letters.union(more_letters)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112699,112700,112724,112757,112761,112780],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,112701,112702,112704,112706,112708,112710,112712,112714,112716,112718,112720,112722],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,112703,36024],{"class":53},[47,112705,58],{"class":57},[47,112707,10423],{"class":77},[47,112709,309],{"class":151},[47,112711,360],{"class":155},[47,112713,309],{"class":151},[47,112715,668],{"class":77},[47,112717,303],{"class":151},[47,112719,4696],{"class":155},[47,112721,309],{"class":151},[47,112723,9240],{"class":77},[47,112725,112726,112729,112731,112733,112735,112737,112739,112741,112743,112745,112747,112749,112751,112753,112755],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,112727,112728],{"class":53},"more_letters ",[47,112730,58],{"class":57},[47,112732,9169],{"class":77},[47,112734,309],{"class":151},[47,112736,4696],{"class":155},[47,112738,309],{"class":151},[47,112740,668],{"class":77},[47,112742,303],{"class":151},[47,112744,9671],{"class":155},[47,112746,309],{"class":151},[47,112748,668],{"class":77},[47,112750,303],{"class":151},[47,112752,18703],{"class":155},[47,112754,309],{"class":151},[47,112756,85],{"class":77},[47,112758,112759],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,112760,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,112762,112763,112765,112767,112769,112771,112773,112775,112778],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,112764,2184],{"class":53},[47,112766,58],{"class":57},[47,112768,70023],{"class":53},[47,112770,914],{"class":77},[47,112772,111187],{"class":81},[47,112774,78],{"class":77},[47,112776,112777],{"class":81},"more_letters",[47,112779,85],{"class":77},[47,112781,112782,112784,112786,112788],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,112783,99],{"class":98},[47,112785,78],{"class":77},[47,112787,2218],{"class":81},[47,112789,85],{"class":77},[20,112791,29964],{},[38,112793,112795],{"className":40,"code":112794,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'}\n",[15,112796,112797],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,112798,112799,112801,112803,112805,112807,112809,112811,112813,112815,112817,112819,112821,112823,112825,112827,112829,112831],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,112800,9211],{"class":77},[47,112802,159],{"class":151},[47,112804,360],{"class":155},[47,112806,159],{"class":151},[47,112808,668],{"class":77},[47,112810,152],{"class":151},[47,112812,4696],{"class":155},[47,112814,159],{"class":151},[47,112816,668],{"class":77},[47,112818,152],{"class":151},[47,112820,9671],{"class":155},[47,112822,159],{"class":151},[47,112824,668],{"class":77},[47,112826,152],{"class":151},[47,112828,18703],{"class":155},[47,112830,159],{"class":151},[47,112832,9240],{"class":77},[373,112834,112836],{"id":112835},"with-a-string","With a string",[20,112838,112839],{},"A string is treated as an iterable of individual characters.",[38,112841,112843],{"className":40,"code":112842,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"chars = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nresult = chars.union(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,112844,112845,112870,112893,112897],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,112846,112847,112850,112852,112854,112856,112858,112860,112862,112864,112866,112868],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,112848,112849],{"class":53},"chars ",[47,112851,58],{"class":57},[47,112853,10423],{"class":77},[47,112855,309],{"class":151},[47,112857,360],{"class":155},[47,112859,309],{"class":151},[47,112861,668],{"class":77},[47,112863,303],{"class":151},[47,112865,4696],{"class":155},[47,112867,309],{"class":151},[47,112869,9240],{"class":77},[47,112871,112872,112874,112876,112879,112881,112883,112885,112887,112889,112891],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,112873,2184],{"class":53},[47,112875,58],{"class":57},[47,112877,112878],{"class":53}," chars",[47,112880,914],{"class":77},[47,112882,111187],{"class":81},[47,112884,78],{"class":77},[47,112886,309],{"class":151},[47,112888,36981],{"class":155},[47,112890,309],{"class":151},[47,112892,85],{"class":77},[47,112894,112895],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,112896,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,112898,112899,112901,112903,112905],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,112900,99],{"class":98},[47,112902,78],{"class":77},[47,112904,2218],{"class":81},[47,112906,85],{"class":77},[20,112908,29964],{},[38,112910,112912],{"className":40,"code":112911,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 't'}\n",[15,112913,112914],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,112915,112916,112918,112920,112922,112924,112926,112928,112930,112932,112934,112936,112938,112940,112942,112944,112946,112948],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,112917,9211],{"class":77},[47,112919,159],{"class":151},[47,112921,360],{"class":155},[47,112923,159],{"class":151},[47,112925,668],{"class":77},[47,112927,152],{"class":151},[47,112929,4696],{"class":155},[47,112931,159],{"class":151},[47,112933,668],{"class":77},[47,112935,152],{"class":151},[47,112937,9671],{"class":155},[47,112939,159],{"class":151},[47,112941,668],{"class":77},[47,112943,152],{"class":151},[47,112945,63214],{"class":155},[47,112947,159],{"class":151},[47,112949,9240],{"class":77},[20,112951,22123,112952,112955],{},[15,112953,112954],{},"\"cat\""," is processed as:",[185,112957,112958,112962,112966],{},[188,112959,112960],{},[15,112961,66408],{},[188,112963,112964],{},[15,112965,18031],{},[188,112967,112968],{},[15,112969,112970],{},"\"t\"",[33,112972,112974,920,112976],{"id":112973},"union-vs-update",[15,112975,102717],{},[15,112977,14888],{},[20,112979,112980,4329,112982,112984],{},[15,112981,102717],{},[15,112983,14888],{}," are similar, but they behave differently.",[373,112986,112987],{"id":111187},[15,112988,102717],{},[185,112990,112991,112993],{},[188,112992,110549],{},[188,112994,110558],{},[38,112996,112997],{"className":40,"code":112082,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,112998,112999,113015,113031,113035,113053,113057,113069],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,113000,113001,113003,113005,113007,113009,113011,113013],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,113002,2501],{"class":53},[47,113004,58],{"class":57},[47,113006,10423],{"class":77},[47,113008,665],{"class":61},[47,113010,668],{"class":77},[47,113012,671],{"class":61},[47,113014,9240],{"class":77},[47,113016,113017,113019,113021,113023,113025,113027,113029],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,113018,2529],{"class":53},[47,113020,58],{"class":57},[47,113022,10423],{"class":77},[47,113024,2016],{"class":61},[47,113026,668],{"class":77},[47,113028,676],{"class":61},[47,113030,9240],{"class":77},[47,113032,113033],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,113034,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,113036,113037,113039,113041,113043,113045,113047,113049,113051],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,113038,2184],{"class":53},[47,113040,58],{"class":57},[47,113042,56815],{"class":53},[47,113044,914],{"class":77},[47,113046,111187],{"class":81},[47,113048,78],{"class":77},[47,113050,4696],{"class":81},[47,113052,85],{"class":77},[47,113054,113055],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,113056,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,113058,113059,113061,113063,113065,113067],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,113060,99],{"class":98},[47,113062,78],{"class":77},[47,113064,2218],{"class":81},[47,113066,862],{"class":77},[47,113068,112155],{"class":1378},[47,113070,113071,113073,113075,113077,113079],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,113072,99],{"class":98},[47,113074,78],{"class":77},[47,113076,360],{"class":81},[47,113078,862],{"class":77},[47,113080,112168],{"class":1378},[373,113082,113083],{"id":30398},[15,113084,14888],{},[185,113086,113087,113090],{},[188,113088,113089],{},"changes the existing set in place",[188,113091,113092],{},"does not create a separate result set",[38,113094,113096],{"className":40,"code":113095,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\n\nprint(a)  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,113097,113098,113114,113130,113134,113148,113152],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,113099,113100,113102,113104,113106,113108,113110,113112],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,113101,2501],{"class":53},[47,113103,58],{"class":57},[47,113105,10423],{"class":77},[47,113107,665],{"class":61},[47,113109,668],{"class":77},[47,113111,671],{"class":61},[47,113113,9240],{"class":77},[47,113115,113116,113118,113120,113122,113124,113126,113128],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,113117,2529],{"class":53},[47,113119,58],{"class":57},[47,113121,10423],{"class":77},[47,113123,2016],{"class":61},[47,113125,668],{"class":77},[47,113127,676],{"class":61},[47,113129,9240],{"class":77},[47,113131,113132],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,113133,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,113135,113136,113138,113140,113142,113144,113146],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,113137,360],{"class":53},[47,113139,914],{"class":77},[47,113141,30398],{"class":81},[47,113143,78],{"class":77},[47,113145,4696],{"class":81},[47,113147,85],{"class":77},[47,113149,113150],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,113151,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,113153,113154,113156,113158,113160,113162],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,113155,99],{"class":98},[47,113157,78],{"class":77},[47,113159,360],{"class":81},[47,113161,862],{"class":77},[47,113163,112155],{"class":1378},[20,113165,165,113166,113168],{},[15,113167,102717],{}," when you want to keep the original set unchanged.",[20,113170,113171,113172,914],{},"For the in-place version, see ",[360,113173,13,113174,10673],{"href":98437},[15,113175,97232],{},[33,113177,1131],{"id":1130},[373,113179,1400,113181,113183],{"id":113180},"expecting-union-to-change-the-original-set",[15,113182,102717],{}," to change the original set",[20,113185,81751],{},[38,113187,113189],{"className":40,"code":113188,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,113190,113191,113207,113223,113227,113241],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,113192,113193,113195,113197,113199,113201,113203,113205],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,113194,2501],{"class":53},[47,113196,58],{"class":57},[47,113198,10423],{"class":77},[47,113200,665],{"class":61},[47,113202,668],{"class":77},[47,113204,671],{"class":61},[47,113206,9240],{"class":77},[47,113208,113209,113211,113213,113215,113217,113219,113221],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,113210,2529],{"class":53},[47,113212,58],{"class":57},[47,113214,10423],{"class":77},[47,113216,2016],{"class":61},[47,113218,668],{"class":77},[47,113220,676],{"class":61},[47,113222,9240],{"class":77},[47,113224,113225],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,113226,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,113228,113229,113231,113233,113235,113237,113239],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,113230,360],{"class":53},[47,113232,914],{"class":77},[47,113234,111187],{"class":81},[47,113236,78],{"class":77},[47,113238,4696],{"class":81},[47,113240,85],{"class":77},[47,113242,113243,113245,113247,113249],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,113244,99],{"class":98},[47,113246,78],{"class":77},[47,113248,360],{"class":81},[47,113250,85],{"class":77},[20,113252,129],{},[38,113254,113255],{"className":40,"code":100425,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,113256,113257],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,113258,113259,113261,113263,113265,113267],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,113260,9211],{"class":77},[47,113262,665],{"class":61},[47,113264,668],{"class":77},[47,113266,671],{"class":61},[47,113268,9240],{"class":77},[20,113270,8426,113271,113273],{},[15,113272,102717],{}," returned a new set, but you did not save it.",[20,113275,113276],{},"Fix it like this:",[38,113278,113280],{"className":40,"code":113279,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na = a.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,113281,113282,113298,113314,113318,113336],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,113283,113284,113286,113288,113290,113292,113294,113296],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,113285,2501],{"class":53},[47,113287,58],{"class":57},[47,113289,10423],{"class":77},[47,113291,665],{"class":61},[47,113293,668],{"class":77},[47,113295,671],{"class":61},[47,113297,9240],{"class":77},[47,113299,113300,113302,113304,113306,113308,113310,113312],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,113301,2529],{"class":53},[47,113303,58],{"class":57},[47,113305,10423],{"class":77},[47,113307,2016],{"class":61},[47,113309,668],{"class":77},[47,113311,676],{"class":61},[47,113313,9240],{"class":77},[47,113315,113316],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,113317,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,113319,113320,113322,113324,113326,113328,113330,113332,113334],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,113321,2501],{"class":53},[47,113323,58],{"class":57},[47,113325,56815],{"class":53},[47,113327,914],{"class":77},[47,113329,111187],{"class":81},[47,113331,78],{"class":77},[47,113333,4696],{"class":81},[47,113335,85],{"class":77},[47,113337,113338,113340,113342,113344],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,113339,99],{"class":98},[47,113341,78],{"class":77},[47,113343,360],{"class":81},[47,113345,85],{"class":77},[373,113347,113349],{"id":113348},"assuming-the-result-keeps-insertion-order","Assuming the result keeps insertion order",[20,113351,113352],{},"Sets are unordered. Do not rely on the printed order.",[38,113354,113356],{"className":40,"code":113355,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {3, 1}\nb = {2, 4}\n\nprint(a.union(b))\n",[15,113357,113358,113374,113390,113394],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,113359,113360,113362,113364,113366,113368,113370,113372],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,113361,2501],{"class":53},[47,113363,58],{"class":57},[47,113365,10423],{"class":77},[47,113367,2021],{"class":61},[47,113369,668],{"class":77},[47,113371,5431],{"class":61},[47,113373,9240],{"class":77},[47,113375,113376,113378,113380,113382,113384,113386,113388],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,113377,2529],{"class":53},[47,113379,58],{"class":57},[47,113381,10423],{"class":77},[47,113383,2016],{"class":61},[47,113385,668],{"class":77},[47,113387,2404],{"class":61},[47,113389,9240],{"class":77},[47,113391,113392],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,113393,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,113395,113396,113398,113400,113402,113404,113406,113408,113410],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,113397,99],{"class":98},[47,113399,78],{"class":77},[47,113401,360],{"class":81},[47,113403,914],{"class":77},[47,113405,111187],{"class":81},[47,113407,78],{"class":77},[47,113409,4696],{"class":81},[47,113411,123],{"class":77},[20,113413,113414],{},"The values may not appear in the order you expect.",[373,113416,113418],{"id":113417},"passing-a-string-and-forgetting-it-becomes-characters","Passing a string and forgetting it becomes characters",[38,113420,113422],{"className":40,"code":113421,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union(\"cat\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,113423,113424,113440,113462],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,113425,113426,113428,113430,113432,113434,113436,113438],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,113427,4006],{"class":53},[47,113429,58],{"class":57},[47,113431,10423],{"class":77},[47,113433,309],{"class":151},[47,113435,58054],{"class":155},[47,113437,309],{"class":151},[47,113439,9240],{"class":77},[47,113441,113442,113444,113446,113448,113450,113452,113454,113456,113458,113460],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,113443,2184],{"class":53},[47,113445,58],{"class":57},[47,113447,6103],{"class":53},[47,113449,914],{"class":77},[47,113451,111187],{"class":81},[47,113453,78],{"class":77},[47,113455,309],{"class":151},[47,113457,36981],{"class":155},[47,113459,309],{"class":151},[47,113461,85],{"class":77},[47,113463,113464,113466,113468,113470],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,113465,99],{"class":98},[47,113467,78],{"class":77},[47,113469,2218],{"class":81},[47,113471,85],{"class":77},[20,113473,113474,113475,1752,113477,17008,113479,113481,113482,113484],{},"This adds ",[15,113476,66408],{},[15,113478,18031],{},[15,113480,112970],{}," as separate items, not ",[15,113483,112954],{}," as one item.",[20,113486,113487],{},"If you want the whole string as one item, put it inside another iterable:",[38,113489,113491],{"className":40,"code":113490,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union([\"cat\"])\nprint(result)\n",[15,113492,113493,113509,113531],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,113494,113495,113497,113499,113501,113503,113505,113507],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,113496,4006],{"class":53},[47,113498,58],{"class":57},[47,113500,10423],{"class":77},[47,113502,309],{"class":151},[47,113504,58054],{"class":155},[47,113506,309],{"class":151},[47,113508,9240],{"class":77},[47,113510,113511,113513,113515,113517,113519,113521,113523,113525,113527,113529],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,113512,2184],{"class":53},[47,113514,58],{"class":57},[47,113516,6103],{"class":53},[47,113518,914],{"class":77},[47,113520,111187],{"class":81},[47,113522,2928],{"class":77},[47,113524,309],{"class":151},[47,113526,36981],{"class":155},[47,113528,309],{"class":151},[47,113530,3825],{"class":77},[47,113532,113533,113535,113537,113539],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,113534,99],{"class":98},[47,113536,78],{"class":77},[47,113538,2218],{"class":81},[47,113540,85],{"class":77},[373,113542,113544],{"id":113543},"trying-to-use-unhashable-values-like-lists-inside-a-set","Trying to use unhashable values like lists inside a set",[20,113546,2782],{},[38,113548,113550],{"className":40,"code":113549,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set = {1, 2, [3, 4]}\n",[15,113551,113552],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,113553,113554,113556,113558,113560,113562,113564,113566,113568,113570,113572,113574,113576],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,113555,15563],{"class":53},[47,113557,58],{"class":57},[47,113559,10423],{"class":77},[47,113561,665],{"class":61},[47,113563,668],{"class":77},[47,113565,671],{"class":61},[47,113567,668],{"class":77},[47,113569,662],{"class":77},[47,113571,2021],{"class":61},[47,113573,668],{"class":77},[47,113575,2404],{"class":61},[47,113577,13641],{"class":77},[20,113579,113580],{},"Lists cannot be set items because they are mutable and unhashable.",[20,113582,113583,113584,2826],{},"But a list can be used as an argument to ",[15,113585,102717],{},[38,113587,113589],{"className":40,"code":113588,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.union([3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,113590,113591,113607,113629],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,113592,113593,113595,113597,113599,113601,113603,113605],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,113594,15563],{"class":53},[47,113596,58],{"class":57},[47,113598,10423],{"class":77},[47,113600,665],{"class":61},[47,113602,668],{"class":77},[47,113604,671],{"class":61},[47,113606,9240],{"class":77},[47,113608,113609,113611,113613,113615,113617,113619,113621,113623,113625,113627],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,113610,2184],{"class":53},[47,113612,58],{"class":57},[47,113614,96842],{"class":53},[47,113616,914],{"class":77},[47,113618,111187],{"class":81},[47,113620,2928],{"class":77},[47,113622,2021],{"class":61},[47,113624,668],{"class":77},[47,113626,2404],{"class":61},[47,113628,3825],{"class":77},[47,113630,113631,113633,113635,113637],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,113632,99],{"class":98},[47,113634,78],{"class":77},[47,113636,2218],{"class":81},[47,113638,85],{"class":77},[33,113640,1623],{"id":1622},[20,113642,113643],{},"Beginners often run into problems because they:",[185,113645,113646,113652,113659,113662],{},[188,113647,113648,113649,113651],{},"call ",[15,113650,102717],{}," without saving the returned set",[188,113653,113654,113655,8636,113657],{},"confuse ",[15,113656,102717],{},[15,113658,14888],{},[188,113660,113661],{},"expect duplicates to remain in the result",[188,113663,113664],{},"use a list as a set item instead of as an iterable argument",[20,113666,113667,113668,4329,113672,914],{},"If you need a different set operation, compare this method with ",[360,113669,13,113670,10673],{"href":102706},[15,113671,106491],{},[360,113673,13,113675,10673],{"href":113674},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method\u002F",[15,113676,100337],{},[20,113678,62222],{},[38,113680,113682],{"className":40,"code":113681,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(result)\nhelp(set.union)\n",[15,113683,113684,113694,113708,113718],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,113685,113686,113688,113690,113692],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,113687,99],{"class":98},[47,113689,78],{"class":77},[47,113691,15601],{"class":81},[47,113693,85],{"class":77},[47,113695,113696,113698,113700,113702,113704,113706],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,113697,99],{"class":98},[47,113699,78],{"class":77},[47,113701,116],{"class":73},[47,113703,78],{"class":77},[47,113705,15601],{"class":81},[47,113707,123],{"class":77},[47,113709,113710,113712,113714,113716],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,113711,99],{"class":98},[47,113713,78],{"class":77},[47,113715,2218],{"class":81},[47,113717,85],{"class":77},[47,113719,113720,113722,113724,113726,113728,113730],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,113721,32087],{"class":98},[47,113723,78],{"class":77},[47,113725,6222],{"class":73},[47,113727,914],{"class":77},[47,113729,111187],{"class":24685},[47,113731,85],{"class":77},[33,113733,1762],{"id":1761},[373,113735,1776,113737,102657],{"id":113736},"does-setunion-change-the-original-set",[15,113738,107961],{},[20,113740,102660],{},[373,113742,1786,113744,113746],{"id":113743},"can-union-combine-more-than-two-sets",[15,113745,102717],{}," combine more than two sets?",[20,113748,113749],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables in one call.",[373,113751,28262,113753,113755],{"id":113752},"can-i-use-union-with-a-list-or-tuple",[15,113754,102717],{}," with a list or tuple?",[20,113757,42085,113758,113760],{},[15,113759,102717],{}," accepts other iterables, not just sets.",[373,113762,113764],{"id":113763},"why-is-the-output-order-different-from-my-input","Why is the output order different from my input?",[20,113766,113767],{},"Sets are unordered, so their printed order is not guaranteed.",[373,113769,5111,113771,4329,113773,1812],{"id":113770},"what-is-the-difference-between-union-and",[15,113772,102717],{},[15,113774,113775],{},"|",[20,113777,113778,113779,113781,113782,113784],{},"They both combine sets. The ",[15,113780,113775],{}," operator is shorter, but ",[15,113783,102717],{}," can be clearer for beginners.",[33,113786,1825],{"id":1824},[185,113788,113789,113793,113799,113805,113811],{},[188,113790,113791],{},[360,113792,96246],{"href":97417},[188,113794,113795],{},[360,113796,13,113797,10673],{"href":98437},[15,113798,97232],{},[188,113800,113801],{},[360,113802,13,113803,10673],{"href":102706},[15,113804,106491],{},[188,113806,113807],{},[360,113808,13,113809,10673],{"href":113674},[15,113810,100337],{},[188,113812,113813],{},[360,113814,100262],{"href":98995},[1875,113816,113817],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":65,"depth":65,"links":113819},[113820,113821,113823,113824,113825,113826,113828,113834,113839,113846,113847,113858],{"id":35,"depth":65,"text":36},{"id":111917,"depth":65,"text":113822},"What set.union() does",{"id":244,"depth":65,"text":245},{"id":21904,"depth":65,"text":21905},{"id":11408,"depth":65,"text":11409},{"id":112404,"depth":65,"text":113827},"Using union() with multiple sets",{"id":112562,"depth":65,"text":113829,"children":113830},"Using union() with other iterables",[113831,113832,113833],{"id":112573,"depth":88,"text":112574},{"id":112693,"depth":88,"text":112694},{"id":112835,"depth":88,"text":112836},{"id":112973,"depth":65,"text":113835,"children":113836},"union() vs update()",[113837,113838],{"id":111187,"depth":88,"text":102717},{"id":30398,"depth":88,"text":14888},{"id":1130,"depth":65,"text":1131,"children":113840},[113841,113843,113844,113845],{"id":113180,"depth":88,"text":113842},"Expecting union() to change the original set",{"id":113348,"depth":88,"text":113349},{"id":113417,"depth":88,"text":113418},{"id":113543,"depth":88,"text":113544},{"id":1622,"depth":65,"text":1623},{"id":1761,"depth":65,"text":1762,"children":113848},[113849,113851,113853,113855,113856],{"id":113736,"depth":88,"text":113850},"Does set.union() change the original set?",{"id":113743,"depth":88,"text":113852},"Can union() combine more than two sets?",{"id":113752,"depth":88,"text":113854},"Can I use union() with a list or tuple?",{"id":113763,"depth":88,"text":113764},{"id":113770,"depth":88,"text":113857},"What is the difference between union() and |?",{"id":1824,"depth":65,"text":1825},"Master python set union method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":111797,"description":113859},"reference\u002Fpython-set-union-method","D6cPAK59nZf4j4OQgu4vv6gSQXcaH0E3a84fD3g94Kw",{"id":113865,"title":113866,"body":113867,"description":115756,"extension":1922,"meta":115757,"navigation":91,"path":96731,"seo":115758,"stem":115759,"__hash__":115760},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method.md","Python Set update() Method",{"type":7,"value":113868,"toc":115722},[113869,113874,113879,113887,113889,113947,113952,113957,113961,113973,113976,114050,114055,114057,114059,114078,114080,114097,114100,114127,114129,114199,114203,114205,114211,114213,114274,114279,114281,114338,114342,114347,114412,114414,114434,114441,114445,114450,114535,114538,114545,114648,114652,114657,114715,114718,114729,114743,114750,114808,114815,114818,114828,114832,114890,114894,114960,114963,115021,115028,115035,115038,115042,115051,115120,115124,115130,115218,115228,115232,115236,115240,115243,115304,115309,115366,115370,115372,115407,115414,115416,115470,115477,115481,115484,115549,115558,115564,115621,115623,115628,115632,115636,115639,115646,115654,115658,115663,115667,115673,115675,115710,115719],[10,113870,96118,113872,11256],{"id":113871},"python-set-update-method",[15,113873,14888],{},[20,113875,113876,113878],{},[15,113877,97232],{}," adds multiple items from another iterable into an existing set.",[20,113880,113881,113882,113886],{},"Use it when you want to change a set in place with values from a list, tuple, set, string, or another iterable. It is different from ",[360,113883,113884],{"href":98418},[15,113885,96126],{},", which adds only one item.",[33,113888,3544],{"id":3543},[38,113890,113892],{"className":40,"code":113891,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,113893,113894,113910,113932,113942],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,113895,113896,113898,113900,113902,113904,113906,113908],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,113897,3554],{"class":53},[47,113899,58],{"class":57},[47,113901,10423],{"class":77},[47,113903,665],{"class":61},[47,113905,668],{"class":77},[47,113907,671],{"class":61},[47,113909,9240],{"class":77},[47,113911,113912,113914,113916,113918,113920,113922,113924,113926,113928,113930],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,113913,3584],{"class":53},[47,113915,914],{"class":77},[47,113917,30398],{"class":81},[47,113919,2928],{"class":77},[47,113921,2016],{"class":61},[47,113923,668],{"class":77},[47,113925,676],{"class":61},[47,113927,668],{"class":77},[47,113929,2404],{"class":61},[47,113931,3825],{"class":77},[47,113933,113934,113936,113938,113940],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,113935,99],{"class":98},[47,113937,78],{"class":77},[47,113939,3584],{"class":81},[47,113941,85],{"class":77},[47,113943,113944],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,113945,113946],{"class":1378},"# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[20,113948,165,113949,113951],{},[15,113950,14888],{}," to add multiple items from a list, tuple, set, or other iterable into an existing set.",[33,113953,172,113955,175],{"id":113954},"what-setupdate-does",[15,113956,97232],{},[20,113958,113959,2826],{},[15,113960,97232],{},[185,113962,113963,113966,113968,113971],{},[188,113964,113965],{},"Adds items from another iterable into the current set",[188,113967,96233],{},[188,113969,113970],{},"Ignores duplicate values automatically",[188,113972,96236],{},[20,113974,113975],{},"This means the set itself is modified.",[38,113977,113979],{"className":40,"code":113978,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.update([\"blue\", \"green\"])\n\nprint(colors)\n# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,113980,113981,114005,114031,114035,114045],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,113982,113983,113985,113987,113989,113991,113993,113995,113997,113999,114001,114003],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,113984,13010],{"class":53},[47,113986,58],{"class":57},[47,113988,10423],{"class":77},[47,113990,309],{"class":151},[47,113992,13027],{"class":155},[47,113994,309],{"class":151},[47,113996,668],{"class":77},[47,113998,303],{"class":151},[47,114000,13044],{"class":155},[47,114002,309],{"class":151},[47,114004,9240],{"class":77},[47,114006,114007,114009,114011,114013,114015,114017,114019,114021,114023,114025,114027,114029],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,114008,17437],{"class":53},[47,114010,914],{"class":77},[47,114012,30398],{"class":81},[47,114014,2928],{"class":77},[47,114016,309],{"class":151},[47,114018,13044],{"class":155},[47,114020,309],{"class":151},[47,114022,668],{"class":77},[47,114024,303],{"class":151},[47,114026,17390],{"class":155},[47,114028,309],{"class":151},[47,114030,3825],{"class":77},[47,114032,114033],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,114034,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,114036,114037,114039,114041,114043],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,114038,99],{"class":98},[47,114040,78],{"class":77},[47,114042,17437],{"class":81},[47,114044,85],{"class":77},[47,114046,114047],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,114048,114049],{"class":1378},"# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[20,114051,20913,114052,114054],{},[15,114053,110952],{}," was added again, it appears only once because sets store unique values.",[33,114056,245],{"id":244},[20,114058,248],{},[38,114060,114062],{"className":40,"code":114061,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set.update(iterable)\n",[15,114063,114064],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,114065,114066,114068,114070,114072,114074,114076],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,114067,15601],{"class":53},[47,114069,914],{"class":77},[47,114071,30398],{"class":81},[47,114073,78],{"class":77},[47,114075,3655],{"class":81},[47,114077,85],{"class":77},[20,114079,80127],{},[185,114081,114082,114085,114088,114091,114094],{},[188,114083,114084],{},"A list",[188,114086,114087],{},"A tuple",[188,114089,114090],{},"Another set",[188,114092,114093],{},"A string",[188,114095,114096],{},"Any other iterable",[20,114098,114099],{},"You can also pass multiple iterables at once:",[38,114101,114103],{"className":40,"code":114102,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set.update(a, b, c)\n",[15,114104,114105],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,114106,114107,114109,114111,114113,114115,114117,114119,114121,114123,114125],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,114108,15601],{"class":53},[47,114110,914],{"class":77},[47,114112,30398],{"class":81},[47,114114,78],{"class":77},[47,114116,360],{"class":81},[47,114118,668],{"class":77},[47,114120,2506],{"class":81},[47,114122,668],{"class":77},[47,114124,9613],{"class":81},[47,114126,85],{"class":77},[20,114128,800],{},[38,114130,114132],{"className":40,"code":114131,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = {1}\nvalues.update([2, 3], (4, 5), {6})\n\nprint(values)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[15,114133,114134,114146,114180,114184,114194],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,114135,114136,114138,114140,114142,114144],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,114137,3758],{"class":53},[47,114139,58],{"class":57},[47,114141,10423],{"class":77},[47,114143,665],{"class":61},[47,114145,9240],{"class":77},[47,114147,114148,114150,114152,114154,114156,114158,114160,114162,114164,114166,114168,114170,114172,114174,114176,114178],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,114149,5291],{"class":53},[47,114151,914],{"class":77},[47,114153,30398],{"class":81},[47,114155,2928],{"class":77},[47,114157,2016],{"class":61},[47,114159,668],{"class":77},[47,114161,676],{"class":61},[47,114163,17997],{"class":77},[47,114165,9169],{"class":77},[47,114167,2451],{"class":61},[47,114169,668],{"class":77},[47,114171,4540],{"class":61},[47,114173,9166],{"class":77},[47,114175,10423],{"class":77},[47,114177,80518],{"class":61},[47,114179,30430],{"class":77},[47,114181,114182],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,114183,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,114185,114186,114188,114190,114192],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,114187,99],{"class":98},[47,114189,78],{"class":77},[47,114191,5291],{"class":81},[47,114193,85],{"class":77},[47,114195,114196],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,114197,114198],{"class":1378},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[20,114200,96242,114201,914],{},[360,114202,96250],{"href":97801},[33,114204,21905],{"id":21904},[20,114206,114207,2346,114209,914],{},[15,114208,97232],{},[15,114210,3713],{},[20,114212,11648],{},[38,114214,114216],{"className":40,"code":114215,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2}\nresult = numbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,114217,114218,114234,114256,114260,114270],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,114219,114220,114222,114224,114226,114228,114230,114232],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,114221,3554],{"class":53},[47,114223,58],{"class":57},[47,114225,10423],{"class":77},[47,114227,665],{"class":61},[47,114229,668],{"class":77},[47,114231,671],{"class":61},[47,114233,9240],{"class":77},[47,114235,114236,114238,114240,114242,114244,114246,114248,114250,114252,114254],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,114237,2184],{"class":53},[47,114239,58],{"class":57},[47,114241,4198],{"class":53},[47,114243,914],{"class":77},[47,114245,30398],{"class":81},[47,114247,2928],{"class":77},[47,114249,2021],{"class":61},[47,114251,668],{"class":77},[47,114253,2404],{"class":61},[47,114255,3825],{"class":77},[47,114257,114258],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,114259,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,114261,114262,114264,114266,114268],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,114263,99],{"class":98},[47,114265,78],{"class":77},[47,114267,2218],{"class":81},[47,114269,85],{"class":77},[47,114271,114272],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,114273,61758],{"class":1378},[20,114275,114276,114277,914],{},"The updated values are stored in the original set, not in ",[15,114278,2218],{},[20,114280,18904],{},[38,114282,114284],{"className":40,"code":114283,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114285,114286,114302,114320,114324,114334],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,114287,114288,114290,114292,114294,114296,114298,114300],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,114289,3554],{"class":53},[47,114291,58],{"class":57},[47,114293,10423],{"class":77},[47,114295,665],{"class":61},[47,114297,668],{"class":77},[47,114299,671],{"class":61},[47,114301,9240],{"class":77},[47,114303,114304,114306,114308,114310,114312,114314,114316,114318],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,114305,3584],{"class":53},[47,114307,914],{"class":77},[47,114309,30398],{"class":81},[47,114311,2928],{"class":77},[47,114313,2021],{"class":61},[47,114315,668],{"class":77},[47,114317,2404],{"class":61},[47,114319,3825],{"class":77},[47,114321,114322],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,114323,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,114325,114326,114328,114330,114332],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,114327,99],{"class":98},[47,114329,78],{"class":77},[47,114331,3584],{"class":81},[47,114333,85],{"class":77},[47,114335,114336],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,114337,113946],{"class":1378},[33,114339,114341],{"id":114340},"example-update-with-a-list","Example: update with a list",[20,114343,114344,114345,914],{},"A list is one of the most common things to pass to ",[15,114346,14888],{},[38,114348,114350],{"className":40,"code":114349,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114351,114352,114368,114394,114398,114408],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,114353,114354,114356,114358,114360,114362,114364,114366],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,114355,3554],{"class":53},[47,114357,58],{"class":57},[47,114359,10423],{"class":77},[47,114361,665],{"class":61},[47,114363,668],{"class":77},[47,114365,671],{"class":61},[47,114367,9240],{"class":77},[47,114369,114370,114372,114374,114376,114378,114380,114382,114384,114386,114388,114390,114392],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,114371,3584],{"class":53},[47,114373,914],{"class":77},[47,114375,30398],{"class":81},[47,114377,2928],{"class":77},[47,114379,2016],{"class":61},[47,114381,668],{"class":77},[47,114383,676],{"class":61},[47,114385,668],{"class":77},[47,114387,2404],{"class":61},[47,114389,668],{"class":77},[47,114391,2404],{"class":61},[47,114393,3825],{"class":77},[47,114395,114396],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,114397,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,114399,114400,114402,114404,114406],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,114401,99],{"class":98},[47,114403,78],{"class":77},[47,114405,3584],{"class":81},[47,114407,85],{"class":77},[47,114409,114410],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,114411,113946],{"class":1378},[20,114413,11617],{},[185,114415,114416,114421,114428],{},[188,114417,114418,114420],{},[15,114419,2016],{}," is already in the set, so nothing changes for that value",[188,114422,114423,4329,114425,114427],{},[15,114424,2021],{},[15,114426,2451],{}," are added",[188,114429,114430,114431,114433],{},"The second ",[15,114432,2451],{}," is ignored because sets do not keep duplicates",[20,114435,114436,114437,114440],{},"This is one reason sets are useful when you want unique values. For example, you can ",[360,114438,114439],{"href":98995},"remove duplicates from a list in Python"," by converting the list to a set.",[33,114442,114444],{"id":114443},"example-update-with-another-set","Example: update with another set",[20,114446,1526,114447,114449],{},[15,114448,14888],{}," to combine values from one set into another.",[38,114451,114453],{"className":40,"code":114452,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\nset_a.update(set_b)\n\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,114454,114455,114476,114497,114501,114517,114521,114531],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,114456,114457,114460,114462,114464,114466,114468,114470,114472,114474],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,114458,114459],{"class":53},"set_a ",[47,114461,58],{"class":57},[47,114463,10423],{"class":77},[47,114465,665],{"class":61},[47,114467,668],{"class":77},[47,114469,671],{"class":61},[47,114471,668],{"class":77},[47,114473,676],{"class":61},[47,114475,9240],{"class":77},[47,114477,114478,114481,114483,114485,114487,114489,114491,114493,114495],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,114479,114480],{"class":53},"set_b ",[47,114482,58],{"class":57},[47,114484,10423],{"class":77},[47,114486,2021],{"class":61},[47,114488,668],{"class":77},[47,114490,2404],{"class":61},[47,114492,668],{"class":77},[47,114494,4540],{"class":61},[47,114496,9240],{"class":77},[47,114498,114499],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,114500,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,114502,114503,114506,114508,114510,114512,114515],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,114504,114505],{"class":53},"set_a",[47,114507,914],{"class":77},[47,114509,30398],{"class":81},[47,114511,78],{"class":77},[47,114513,114514],{"class":81},"set_b",[47,114516,85],{"class":77},[47,114518,114519],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,114520,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,114522,114523,114525,114527,114529],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,114524,99],{"class":98},[47,114526,78],{"class":77},[47,114528,114505],{"class":81},[47,114530,85],{"class":77},[47,114532,114533],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,114534,111909],{"class":1378},[20,114536,114537],{},"This is useful when you want to keep only unique values and modify the original set.",[20,114539,114540,114541,914],{},"If you want a new combined set instead of changing the original, use ",[360,114542,114543],{"href":102714},[15,114544,107961],{},[38,114546,114548],{"className":40,"code":114547,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\ncombined = set_a.union(set_b)\n\nprint(combined)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,114549,114550,114570,114590,114594,114614,114618,114629,114633,114643],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,114551,114552,114554,114556,114558,114560,114562,114564,114566,114568],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,114553,114459],{"class":53},[47,114555,58],{"class":57},[47,114557,10423],{"class":77},[47,114559,665],{"class":61},[47,114561,668],{"class":77},[47,114563,671],{"class":61},[47,114565,668],{"class":77},[47,114567,676],{"class":61},[47,114569,9240],{"class":77},[47,114571,114572,114574,114576,114578,114580,114582,114584,114586,114588],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,114573,114480],{"class":53},[47,114575,58],{"class":57},[47,114577,10423],{"class":77},[47,114579,2021],{"class":61},[47,114581,668],{"class":77},[47,114583,2404],{"class":61},[47,114585,668],{"class":77},[47,114587,4540],{"class":61},[47,114589,9240],{"class":77},[47,114591,114592],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,114593,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,114595,114596,114599,114601,114604,114606,114608,114610,114612],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,114597,114598],{"class":53},"combined ",[47,114600,58],{"class":57},[47,114602,114603],{"class":53}," set_a",[47,114605,914],{"class":77},[47,114607,111187],{"class":81},[47,114609,78],{"class":77},[47,114611,114514],{"class":81},[47,114613,85],{"class":77},[47,114615,114616],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,114617,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,114619,114620,114622,114624,114627],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,114621,99],{"class":98},[47,114623,78],{"class":77},[47,114625,114626],{"class":81},"combined",[47,114628,85],{"class":77},[47,114630,114631],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,114632,111909],{"class":1378},[47,114634,114635,114637,114639,114641],{"class":49,"line":1734},[47,114636,99],{"class":98},[47,114638,78],{"class":77},[47,114640,114505],{"class":81},[47,114642,85],{"class":77},[47,114644,114645],{"class":49,"line":6365},[47,114646,114647],{"class":1378},"# {1, 2, 3}\n",[33,114649,114651],{"id":114650},"example-update-with-a-string","Example: update with a string",[20,114653,64666,114654,114656],{},[15,114655,14888],{}," adds each character separately.",[38,114658,114660],{"className":40,"code":114659,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = {\"x\"}\nletters.update(\"cat\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[15,114661,114662,114678,114696,114700,114710],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,114663,114664,114666,114668,114670,114672,114674,114676],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,114665,36024],{"class":53},[47,114667,58],{"class":57},[47,114669,10423],{"class":77},[47,114671,309],{"class":151},[47,114673,2131],{"class":155},[47,114675,309],{"class":151},[47,114677,9240],{"class":77},[47,114679,114680,114682,114684,114686,114688,114690,114692,114694],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,114681,36077],{"class":53},[47,114683,914],{"class":77},[47,114685,30398],{"class":81},[47,114687,78],{"class":77},[47,114689,309],{"class":151},[47,114691,36981],{"class":155},[47,114693,309],{"class":151},[47,114695,85],{"class":77},[47,114697,114698],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,114699,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,114701,114702,114704,114706,114708],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,114703,99],{"class":98},[47,114705,78],{"class":77},[47,114707,36077],{"class":81},[47,114709,85],{"class":77},[47,114711,114712],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,114713,114714],{"class":1378},"# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[20,114716,114717],{},"This often surprises beginners.",[20,114719,114720,13989,114723,114725,114726,114728],{},[15,114721,114722],{},"update(\"cat\")",[127,114724,768],{}," add ",[15,114727,112954],{}," as one item. It adds:",[185,114730,114731,114735,114739],{},[188,114732,114733],{},[15,114734,66408],{},[188,114736,114737],{},[15,114738,18031],{},[188,114740,114741],{},[15,114742,112970],{},[20,114744,114745,114746,2826],{},"If you want to add one whole value, use ",[360,114747,114748],{"href":98418},[15,114749,96126],{},[38,114751,114753],{"className":40,"code":114752,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = {\"dog\"}\nwords.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(words)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,114754,114755,114771,114789,114793,114803],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,114756,114757,114759,114761,114763,114765,114767,114769],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,114758,4006],{"class":53},[47,114760,58],{"class":57},[47,114762,10423],{"class":77},[47,114764,309],{"class":151},[47,114766,58054],{"class":155},[47,114768,309],{"class":151},[47,114770,9240],{"class":77},[47,114772,114773,114775,114777,114779,114781,114783,114785,114787],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,114774,4048],{"class":53},[47,114776,914],{"class":77},[47,114778,82030],{"class":81},[47,114780,78],{"class":77},[47,114782,309],{"class":151},[47,114784,36981],{"class":155},[47,114786,309],{"class":151},[47,114788,85],{"class":77},[47,114790,114791],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,114792,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,114794,114795,114797,114799,114801],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,114796,99],{"class":98},[47,114798,78],{"class":77},[47,114800,4048],{"class":81},[47,114802,85],{"class":77},[47,114804,114805],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,114806,114807],{"class":1378},"# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[33,114809,114811,920,114813],{"id":114810},"update-vs-add",[15,114812,14888],{},[15,114814,96121],{},[20,114816,114817],{},"The difference is simple:",[185,114819,114820,114824],{},[188,114821,114822,96720],{},[15,114823,96121],{},[188,114825,114826,96725],{},[15,114827,14888],{},[20,114829,45971,114830,2826],{},[15,114831,96121],{},[38,114833,114835],{"className":40,"code":114834,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.add(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[15,114836,114837,114853,114871,114875,114885],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,114838,114839,114841,114843,114845,114847,114849,114851],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,114840,36173],{"class":53},[47,114842,58],{"class":57},[47,114844,10423],{"class":77},[47,114846,309],{"class":151},[47,114848,1425],{"class":155},[47,114850,309],{"class":151},[47,114852,9240],{"class":77},[47,114854,114855,114857,114859,114861,114863,114865,114867,114869],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,114856,36225],{"class":53},[47,114858,914],{"class":77},[47,114860,82030],{"class":81},[47,114862,78],{"class":77},[47,114864,309],{"class":151},[47,114866,1434],{"class":155},[47,114868,309],{"class":151},[47,114870,85],{"class":77},[47,114872,114873],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,114874,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,114876,114877,114879,114881,114883],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,114878,99],{"class":98},[47,114880,78],{"class":77},[47,114882,36225],{"class":81},[47,114884,85],{"class":77},[47,114886,114887],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,114888,114889],{"class":1378},"# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[20,114891,45971,114892,2826],{},[15,114893,14888],{},[38,114895,114897],{"className":40,"code":114896,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update([\"banana\", \"orange\"])\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[15,114898,114899,114915,114941,114945,114955],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,114900,114901,114903,114905,114907,114909,114911,114913],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,114902,36173],{"class":53},[47,114904,58],{"class":57},[47,114906,10423],{"class":77},[47,114908,309],{"class":151},[47,114910,1425],{"class":155},[47,114912,309],{"class":151},[47,114914,9240],{"class":77},[47,114916,114917,114919,114921,114923,114925,114927,114929,114931,114933,114935,114937,114939],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,114918,36225],{"class":53},[47,114920,914],{"class":77},[47,114922,30398],{"class":81},[47,114924,2928],{"class":77},[47,114926,309],{"class":151},[47,114928,1434],{"class":155},[47,114930,309],{"class":151},[47,114932,668],{"class":77},[47,114934,303],{"class":151},[47,114936,1443],{"class":155},[47,114938,309],{"class":151},[47,114940,3825],{"class":77},[47,114942,114943],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,114944,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,114946,114947,114949,114951,114953],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,114948,99],{"class":98},[47,114950,78],{"class":77},[47,114952,36225],{"class":81},[47,114954,85],{"class":77},[47,114956,114957],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,114958,114959],{"class":1378},"# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[20,114961,114962],{},"Important warning with strings:",[38,114964,114966],{"className":40,"code":114965,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update(\"kiwi\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[15,114967,114968,114984,115002,115006,115016],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,114969,114970,114972,114974,114976,114978,114980,114982],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,114971,36173],{"class":53},[47,114973,58],{"class":57},[47,114975,10423],{"class":77},[47,114977,309],{"class":151},[47,114979,1425],{"class":155},[47,114981,309],{"class":151},[47,114983,9240],{"class":77},[47,114985,114986,114988,114990,114992,114994,114996,114998,115000],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,114987,36225],{"class":53},[47,114989,914],{"class":77},[47,114991,30398],{"class":81},[47,114993,78],{"class":77},[47,114995,309],{"class":151},[47,114997,38276],{"class":155},[47,114999,309],{"class":151},[47,115001,85],{"class":77},[47,115003,115004],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,115005,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,115007,115008,115010,115012,115014],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,115009,99],{"class":98},[47,115011,78],{"class":77},[47,115013,36225],{"class":81},[47,115015,85],{"class":77},[47,115017,115018],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,115019,115020],{"class":1378},"# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[20,115022,62033,115023,62106,115026,6565],{},[15,115024,115025],{},"\"kiwi\"",[15,115027,96121],{},[33,115029,115031,920,115033],{"id":115030},"update-vs-union",[15,115032,14888],{},[15,115034,102717],{},[20,115036,115037],{},"Both can combine values, but they work differently.",[373,115039,115040],{"id":30398},[15,115041,14888],{},[185,115043,115044,115047],{},[188,115045,115046],{},"Changes the existing set",[188,115048,11358,115049],{},[15,115050,3713],{},[38,115052,115054],{"className":40,"code":115053,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,115055,115056,115072,115088,115092,115106,115116],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,115057,115058,115060,115062,115064,115066,115068,115070],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,115059,2501],{"class":53},[47,115061,58],{"class":57},[47,115063,10423],{"class":77},[47,115065,665],{"class":61},[47,115067,668],{"class":77},[47,115069,671],{"class":61},[47,115071,9240],{"class":77},[47,115073,115074,115076,115078,115080,115082,115084,115086],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,115075,2529],{"class":53},[47,115077,58],{"class":57},[47,115079,10423],{"class":77},[47,115081,2016],{"class":61},[47,115083,668],{"class":77},[47,115085,676],{"class":61},[47,115087,9240],{"class":77},[47,115089,115090],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,115091,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,115093,115094,115096,115098,115100,115102,115104],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,115095,360],{"class":53},[47,115097,914],{"class":77},[47,115099,30398],{"class":81},[47,115101,78],{"class":77},[47,115103,4696],{"class":81},[47,115105,85],{"class":77},[47,115107,115108,115110,115112,115114],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,115109,99],{"class":98},[47,115111,78],{"class":77},[47,115113,360],{"class":81},[47,115115,85],{"class":77},[47,115117,115118],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,115119,114647],{"class":1378},[373,115121,115122],{"id":111187},[15,115123,102717],{},[185,115125,115126,115128],{},[188,115127,101255],{},[188,115129,101258],{},[38,115131,115133],{"className":40,"code":115132,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nc = a.union(b)\nprint(c)\n# {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2}\n",[15,115134,115135,115151,115167,115171,115189,115199,115203,115213],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,115136,115137,115139,115141,115143,115145,115147,115149],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,115138,2501],{"class":53},[47,115140,58],{"class":57},[47,115142,10423],{"class":77},[47,115144,665],{"class":61},[47,115146,668],{"class":77},[47,115148,671],{"class":61},[47,115150,9240],{"class":77},[47,115152,115153,115155,115157,115159,115161,115163,115165],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,115154,2529],{"class":53},[47,115156,58],{"class":57},[47,115158,10423],{"class":77},[47,115160,2016],{"class":61},[47,115162,668],{"class":77},[47,115164,676],{"class":61},[47,115166,9240],{"class":77},[47,115168,115169],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,115170,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,115172,115173,115175,115177,115179,115181,115183,115185,115187],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,115174,83110],{"class":53},[47,115176,58],{"class":57},[47,115178,56815],{"class":53},[47,115180,914],{"class":77},[47,115182,111187],{"class":81},[47,115184,78],{"class":77},[47,115186,4696],{"class":81},[47,115188,85],{"class":77},[47,115190,115191,115193,115195,115197],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,115192,99],{"class":98},[47,115194,78],{"class":77},[47,115196,9671],{"class":81},[47,115198,85],{"class":77},[47,115200,115201],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,115202,114647],{"class":1378},[47,115204,115205,115207,115209,115211],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,115206,99],{"class":98},[47,115208,78],{"class":77},[47,115210,360],{"class":81},[47,115212,85],{"class":77},[47,115214,115215],{"class":49,"line":1734},[47,115216,115217],{"class":1378},"# {1, 2}\n",[20,115219,107603,115220,115222,115223,115227],{},[15,115221,14888],{}," when you want to modify the original set in place. Choose ",[360,115224,115225],{"href":102714},[15,115226,102717],{}," when you want a new set.",[33,115229,115231],{"id":115230},"common-errors-and-confusion","Common errors and confusion",[20,115233,10680,115234,914],{},[15,115235,97232],{},[373,115237,115239],{"id":115238},"_1-saving-the-return-value","1. Saving the return value",[20,115241,115242],{},"This is wrong if you expect a set back:",[38,115244,115246],{"className":40,"code":115245,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,115247,115248,115264,115286,115290,115300],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,115249,115250,115252,115254,115256,115258,115260,115262],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,115251,15563],{"class":53},[47,115253,58],{"class":57},[47,115255,10423],{"class":77},[47,115257,665],{"class":61},[47,115259,668],{"class":77},[47,115261,671],{"class":61},[47,115263,9240],{"class":77},[47,115265,115266,115268,115270,115272,115274,115276,115278,115280,115282,115284],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,115267,2184],{"class":53},[47,115269,58],{"class":57},[47,115271,96842],{"class":53},[47,115273,914],{"class":77},[47,115275,30398],{"class":81},[47,115277,2928],{"class":77},[47,115279,2021],{"class":61},[47,115281,668],{"class":77},[47,115283,2404],{"class":61},[47,115285,3825],{"class":77},[47,115287,115288],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,115289,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,115291,115292,115294,115296,115298],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,115293,99],{"class":98},[47,115295,78],{"class":77},[47,115297,2218],{"class":81},[47,115299,85],{"class":77},[47,115301,115302],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,115303,61758],{"class":1378},[20,115305,115306,115307,2826],{},"Use the original set after calling ",[15,115308,14888],{},[38,115310,115312],{"className":40,"code":115311,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,115313,115314,115330,115348,115352,115362],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,115315,115316,115318,115320,115322,115324,115326,115328],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,115317,15563],{"class":53},[47,115319,58],{"class":57},[47,115321,10423],{"class":77},[47,115323,665],{"class":61},[47,115325,668],{"class":77},[47,115327,671],{"class":61},[47,115329,9240],{"class":77},[47,115331,115332,115334,115336,115338,115340,115342,115344,115346],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,115333,15601],{"class":53},[47,115335,914],{"class":77},[47,115337,30398],{"class":81},[47,115339,2928],{"class":77},[47,115341,2021],{"class":61},[47,115343,668],{"class":77},[47,115345,2404],{"class":61},[47,115347,3825],{"class":77},[47,115349,115350],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,115351,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,115353,115354,115356,115358,115360],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,115355,99],{"class":98},[47,115357,78],{"class":77},[47,115359,15601],{"class":81},[47,115361,85],{"class":77},[47,115363,115364],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,115365,113946],{"class":1378},[373,115367,115369],{"id":115368},"_2-passing-a-non-iterable","2. Passing a non-iterable",[20,115371,2782],{},[38,115373,115375],{"className":40,"code":115374,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update(5)\n",[15,115376,115377,115393],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,115378,115379,115381,115383,115385,115387,115389,115391],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,115380,15563],{"class":53},[47,115382,58],{"class":57},[47,115384,10423],{"class":77},[47,115386,665],{"class":61},[47,115388,668],{"class":77},[47,115390,671],{"class":61},[47,115392,9240],{"class":77},[47,115394,115395,115397,115399,115401,115403,115405],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,115396,15601],{"class":53},[47,115398,914],{"class":77},[47,115400,30398],{"class":81},[47,115402,78],{"class":77},[47,115404,2094],{"class":61},[47,115406,85],{"class":77},[20,115408,62212,115409,8532,115411,115413],{},[15,115410,2947],{},[15,115412,2094],{}," is an integer, not an iterable.",[20,115415,6488],{},[38,115417,115419],{"className":40,"code":115418,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([5])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 5}\n",[15,115420,115421,115437,115451,115455,115465],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,115422,115423,115425,115427,115429,115431,115433,115435],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,115424,15563],{"class":53},[47,115426,58],{"class":57},[47,115428,10423],{"class":77},[47,115430,665],{"class":61},[47,115432,668],{"class":77},[47,115434,671],{"class":61},[47,115436,9240],{"class":77},[47,115438,115439,115441,115443,115445,115447,115449],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,115440,15601],{"class":53},[47,115442,914],{"class":77},[47,115444,30398],{"class":81},[47,115446,2928],{"class":77},[47,115448,2094],{"class":61},[47,115450,3825],{"class":77},[47,115452,115453],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,115454,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,115456,115457,115459,115461,115463],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,115458,99],{"class":98},[47,115460,78],{"class":77},[47,115462,15601],{"class":81},[47,115464,85],{"class":77},[47,115466,115467],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,115468,115469],{"class":1378},"# {1, 2, 5}\n",[20,115471,45844,115472,914],{},[360,115473,1652,115474],{"href":52526},[15,115475,115476],{},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable",[373,115478,115480],{"id":115479},"_3-expecting-duplicates-to-stay","3. Expecting duplicates to stay",[20,115482,115483],{},"Sets only keep unique values.",[38,115485,115487],{"className":40,"code":115486,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([2, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,115488,115489,115505,115531,115535,115545],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,115490,115491,115493,115495,115497,115499,115501,115503],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,115492,15563],{"class":53},[47,115494,58],{"class":57},[47,115496,10423],{"class":77},[47,115498,665],{"class":61},[47,115500,668],{"class":77},[47,115502,671],{"class":61},[47,115504,9240],{"class":77},[47,115506,115507,115509,115511,115513,115515,115517,115519,115521,115523,115525,115527,115529],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,115508,15601],{"class":53},[47,115510,914],{"class":77},[47,115512,30398],{"class":81},[47,115514,2928],{"class":77},[47,115516,2016],{"class":61},[47,115518,668],{"class":77},[47,115520,671],{"class":61},[47,115522,668],{"class":77},[47,115524,671],{"class":61},[47,115526,668],{"class":77},[47,115528,676],{"class":61},[47,115530,3825],{"class":77},[47,115532,115533],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,115534,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,115536,115537,115539,115541,115543],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,115538,99],{"class":98},[47,115540,78],{"class":77},[47,115542,15601],{"class":81},[47,115544,85],{"class":77},[47,115546,115547],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,115548,114647],{"class":1378},[373,115550,115552,115553,44561,115555,115557],{"id":115551},"_4-using-update-when-add-is-better","4. Using ",[15,115554,14888],{},[15,115556,96121],{}," is better",[20,115559,115560,115561,115563],{},"If you want to add one single value, especially a string, ",[15,115562,96121],{}," is usually the better choice.",[38,115565,115567],{"className":40,"code":115566,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set = {\"dog\"}\nmy_set.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,115568,115569,115585,115603,115607,115617],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,115570,115571,115573,115575,115577,115579,115581,115583],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,115572,15563],{"class":53},[47,115574,58],{"class":57},[47,115576,10423],{"class":77},[47,115578,309],{"class":151},[47,115580,58054],{"class":155},[47,115582,309],{"class":151},[47,115584,9240],{"class":77},[47,115586,115587,115589,115591,115593,115595,115597,115599,115601],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,115588,15601],{"class":53},[47,115590,914],{"class":77},[47,115592,82030],{"class":81},[47,115594,78],{"class":77},[47,115596,309],{"class":151},[47,115598,36981],{"class":155},[47,115600,309],{"class":151},[47,115602,85],{"class":77},[47,115604,115605],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,115606,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,115608,115609,115611,115613,115615],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,115610,99],{"class":98},[47,115612,78],{"class":77},[47,115614,15601],{"class":81},[47,115616,85],{"class":77},[47,115618,115619],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,115620,114807],{"class":1378},[33,115622,1762],{"id":1761},[373,115624,1776,115626,97211],{"id":115625},"does-setupdate-return-a-new-set",[15,115627,97232],{},[20,115629,97214,115630,914],{},[15,115631,3713],{},[373,115633,28262,115634,32161],{"id":32158},[15,115635,14888],{},[20,115637,115638],{},"Yes. Any iterable like a list, tuple, set, or string can be used.",[373,115640,5111,115642,4329,115644,1812],{"id":115641},"what-is-the-difference-between-add-and-update",[15,115643,96121],{},[15,115645,14888],{},[20,115647,115648,115650,115651,115653],{},[15,115649,96121],{}," adds one item. ",[15,115652,14888],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable.",[373,115655,115657],{"id":115656},"why-did-my-string-get-split-into-letters","Why did my string get split into letters?",[20,115659,115660,115661,114656],{},"Because strings are iterable, so ",[15,115662,14888],{},[373,115664,115666],{"id":115665},"how-do-i-combine-two-sets-without-changing-the-original","How do I combine two sets without changing the original?",[20,115668,165,115669,11025,115671,914],{},[15,115670,102717],{},[15,115672,14888],{},[33,115674,1825],{"id":1824},[185,115676,115677,115684,115691,115697,115703],{},[188,115678,115679],{},[360,115680,115681],{"href":98418},[15,115682,115683],{},"Python set add() method",[188,115685,115686],{},[360,115687,115688],{"href":102714},[15,115689,115690],{},"Python set union() method",[188,115692,115693],{},[360,115694,115695],{"href":97801},[15,115696,97256],{},[188,115698,115699],{},[360,115700,115701],{"href":98995},[15,115702,100262],{},[188,115704,115705],{},[360,115706,115707,115709],{"href":52526},[15,115708,115476],{}," fix",[20,115711,115712,115713,115715,115716,115718],{},"Next, learn when to use ",[15,115714,96126],{}," for a single value and ",[15,115717,107961],{}," when you want a new combined set without changing the original.",[1875,115720,115721],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":65,"depth":65,"links":115723},[115724,115725,115727,115728,115729,115730,115731,115732,115734,115739,115746,115755],{"id":3543,"depth":65,"text":3544},{"id":113954,"depth":65,"text":115726},"What set.update() does",{"id":244,"depth":65,"text":245},{"id":21904,"depth":65,"text":21905},{"id":114340,"depth":65,"text":114341},{"id":114443,"depth":65,"text":114444},{"id":114650,"depth":65,"text":114651},{"id":114810,"depth":65,"text":115733},"update() vs add()",{"id":115030,"depth":65,"text":115735,"children":115736},"update() vs union()",[115737,115738],{"id":30398,"depth":88,"text":14888},{"id":111187,"depth":88,"text":102717},{"id":115230,"depth":65,"text":115231,"children":115740},[115741,115742,115743,115744],{"id":115238,"depth":88,"text":115239},{"id":115368,"depth":88,"text":115369},{"id":115479,"depth":88,"text":115480},{"id":115551,"depth":88,"text":115745},"4. Using update() when add() is better",{"id":1761,"depth":65,"text":1762,"children":115747},[115748,115750,115751,115753,115754],{"id":115625,"depth":88,"text":115749},"Does set.update() return a new set?",{"id":32158,"depth":88,"text":32231},{"id":115641,"depth":88,"text":115752},"What is the difference between add() and update()?",{"id":115656,"depth":88,"text":115657},{"id":115665,"depth":88,"text":115666},{"id":1824,"depth":65,"text":1825},"Master python set update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":113866,"description":115756},"reference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","O92kX80vUFExg-dtCXumAvm7IuzEHXgSTW4bzDeyLc8",{"id":115762,"title":115763,"body":115764,"description":117530,"extension":1922,"meta":117531,"navigation":91,"path":13725,"seo":117532,"stem":117533,"__hash__":117534},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained.md","Python shallow copy vs deep copy Explained",{"type":7,"value":115765,"toc":117505},[115766,115769,115772,115775,115786,115794,115797,115799,115948,115960,115964,115981,115985,115993,115995,116006,116008,116105,116111,116114,116210,116219,116224,116228,116233,116235,116245,116247,116356,116364,116368,116371,116374,116391,116397,116477,116480,116484,116487,116491,116494,116553,116556,116560,116563,116655,116659,116662,116769,116773,116779,116807,116809,116891,116901,116905,116908,116919,116922,117007,117010,117015,117019,117022,117033,117036,117178,117181,117185,117188,117202,117205,117266,117272,117274,117277,117299,117302,117402,117405,117437,117439,117443,117446,117448,117451,117455,117458,117462,117465,117469,117472,117474,117502],[10,115767,115763],{"id":115768},"python-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained",[20,115770,115771],{},"When you copy data in Python, the result is not always fully independent from the original.",[20,115773,115774],{},"This is especially important with nested data, such as:",[185,115776,115777,115780,115783],{},[188,115778,115779],{},"a list inside another list",[188,115781,115782],{},"a dictionary containing lists",[188,115784,115785],{},"a list of dictionaries",[20,115787,100184,115788,4329,115790,115793],{},[127,115789,12784],{},[127,115791,115792],{},"deep copy"," is about what gets copied and what stays shared.",[20,115795,115796],{},"If you get this wrong, changing one object can unexpectedly change another.",[33,115798,36],{"id":35},[38,115800,115802],{"className":40,"code":115801,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = copy.copy(original)\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(shallow)   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(deep)      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[15,115803,115804,115811,115815,115841,115861,115881,115885,115903,115907,115920,115934],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,115805,115806,115808],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,115807,35024],{"class":3812},[47,115809,115810],{"class":53}," copy\n",[47,115812,115813],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,115814,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,115816,115817,115819,115821,115823,115825,115827,115829,115831,115833,115835,115837,115839],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,115818,12020],{"class":53},[47,115820,58],{"class":57},[47,115822,56221],{"class":77},[47,115824,665],{"class":61},[47,115826,668],{"class":77},[47,115828,671],{"class":61},[47,115830,17997],{"class":77},[47,115832,662],{"class":77},[47,115834,2021],{"class":61},[47,115836,668],{"class":77},[47,115838,2404],{"class":61},[47,115840,53169],{"class":77},[47,115842,115843,115846,115848,115851,115853,115855,115857,115859],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,115844,115845],{"class":53},"shallow ",[47,115847,58],{"class":57},[47,115849,115850],{"class":53}," copy",[47,115852,914],{"class":77},[47,115854,12845],{"class":81},[47,115856,78],{"class":77},[47,115858,12067],{"class":81},[47,115860,85],{"class":77},[47,115862,115863,115866,115868,115870,115872,115875,115877,115879],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,115864,115865],{"class":53},"deep ",[47,115867,58],{"class":57},[47,115869,115850],{"class":53},[47,115871,914],{"class":77},[47,115873,115874],{"class":81},"deepcopy",[47,115876,78],{"class":77},[47,115878,12067],{"class":81},[47,115880,85],{"class":77},[47,115882,115883],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,115884,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,115886,115887,115889,115891,115893,115895,115897,115899,115901],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,115888,12067],{"class":53},[47,115890,736],{"class":77},[47,115892,2077],{"class":61},[47,115894,13485],{"class":77},[47,115896,13488],{"class":81},[47,115898,78],{"class":77},[47,115900,56274],{"class":61},[47,115902,85],{"class":77},[47,115904,115905],{"class":49,"line":1734},[47,115906,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,115908,115909,115911,115913,115915,115917],{"class":49,"line":6365},[47,115910,99],{"class":98},[47,115912,78],{"class":77},[47,115914,12067],{"class":81},[47,115916,862],{"class":77},[47,115918,115919],{"class":1378},"  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[47,115921,115922,115924,115926,115929,115931],{"class":49,"line":6370},[47,115923,99],{"class":98},[47,115925,78],{"class":77},[47,115927,115928],{"class":81},"shallow",[47,115930,862],{"class":77},[47,115932,115933],{"class":1378},"   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[47,115935,115936,115938,115940,115943,115945],{"class":49,"line":11528},[47,115937,99],{"class":98},[47,115939,78],{"class":77},[47,115941,115942],{"class":81},"deep",[47,115944,862],{"class":77},[47,115946,115947],{"class":1378},"      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[20,115949,165,115950,115953,115954,4329,115956,115959],{},[15,115951,115952],{},"copy.copy()"," for a ",[127,115955,12784],{},[15,115957,115958],{},"copy.deepcopy()"," when you need fully independent nested objects.",[33,115961,115963],{"id":115962},"what-this-page-helps-you-understand","What this page helps you understand",[185,115965,115966,115969,115972,115975,115978],{},[188,115967,115968],{},"What a copy means in Python",[188,115970,115971],{},"How shallow copy works",[188,115973,115974],{},"How deep copy works",[188,115976,115977],{},"Why nested objects cause confusion",[188,115979,115980],{},"When to use each approach",[33,115982,115984],{"id":115983},"what-a-shallow-copy-does","What a shallow copy does",[20,115986,15123,115987,115989,115990,115992],{},[127,115988,12784],{}," creates a new outer object, but it does ",[127,115991,768],{}," fully copy the nested objects inside it.",[20,115994,183],{},[185,115996,115997,116000,116003],{},[188,115998,115999],{},"the outer container is new",[188,116001,116002],{},"inner lists or dictionaries may still be shared",[188,116004,116005],{},"changing a nested mutable object can affect both versions",[20,116007,800],{},[38,116009,116011],{"className":40,"code":116010,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append([5, 6])\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[15,116012,116013,116039,116053,116057,116075,116079,116092],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,116014,116015,116017,116019,116021,116023,116025,116027,116029,116031,116033,116035,116037],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,116016,12020],{"class":53},[47,116018,58],{"class":57},[47,116020,56221],{"class":77},[47,116022,665],{"class":61},[47,116024,668],{"class":77},[47,116026,671],{"class":61},[47,116028,17997],{"class":77},[47,116030,662],{"class":77},[47,116032,2021],{"class":61},[47,116034,668],{"class":77},[47,116036,2404],{"class":61},[47,116038,53169],{"class":77},[47,116040,116041,116043,116045,116047,116049,116051],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,116042,14246],{"class":53},[47,116044,58],{"class":57},[47,116046,12095],{"class":53},[47,116048,914],{"class":77},[47,116050,12845],{"class":81},[47,116052,8574],{"class":77},[47,116054,116055],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,116056,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,116058,116059,116061,116063,116065,116067,116069,116071,116073],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,116060,14265],{"class":53},[47,116062,914],{"class":77},[47,116064,13488],{"class":81},[47,116066,2928],{"class":77},[47,116068,2094],{"class":61},[47,116070,668],{"class":77},[47,116072,37578],{"class":61},[47,116074,3825],{"class":77},[47,116076,116077],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,116078,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,116080,116081,116083,116085,116087,116089],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,116082,99],{"class":98},[47,116084,78],{"class":77},[47,116086,12067],{"class":81},[47,116088,862],{"class":77},[47,116090,116091],{"class":1378},"  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[47,116093,116094,116096,116098,116100,116102],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,116095,99],{"class":98},[47,116097,78],{"class":77},[47,116099,14265],{"class":81},[47,116101,862],{"class":77},[47,116103,116104],{"class":1378},"    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[20,116106,116107,116108,116110],{},"In this case, appending a new top-level item only changes ",[15,116109,14265],{},", because the outer list is different.",[20,116112,116113],{},"But now look at a nested change:",[38,116115,116117],{"className":40,"code":116116,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,116118,116119,116145,116159,116163,116181,116185,116197],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,116120,116121,116123,116125,116127,116129,116131,116133,116135,116137,116139,116141,116143],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,116122,12020],{"class":53},[47,116124,58],{"class":57},[47,116126,56221],{"class":77},[47,116128,665],{"class":61},[47,116130,668],{"class":77},[47,116132,671],{"class":61},[47,116134,17997],{"class":77},[47,116136,662],{"class":77},[47,116138,2021],{"class":61},[47,116140,668],{"class":77},[47,116142,2404],{"class":61},[47,116144,53169],{"class":77},[47,116146,116147,116149,116151,116153,116155,116157],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,116148,14246],{"class":53},[47,116150,58],{"class":57},[47,116152,12095],{"class":53},[47,116154,914],{"class":77},[47,116156,12845],{"class":81},[47,116158,8574],{"class":77},[47,116160,116161],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,116162,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,116164,116165,116167,116169,116171,116173,116175,116177,116179],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,116166,14265],{"class":53},[47,116168,736],{"class":77},[47,116170,2077],{"class":61},[47,116172,13485],{"class":77},[47,116174,13488],{"class":81},[47,116176,78],{"class":77},[47,116178,56274],{"class":61},[47,116180,85],{"class":77},[47,116182,116183],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,116184,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,116186,116187,116189,116191,116193,116195],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,116188,99],{"class":98},[47,116190,78],{"class":77},[47,116192,12067],{"class":81},[47,116194,862],{"class":77},[47,116196,115919],{"class":1378},[47,116198,116199,116201,116203,116205,116207],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,116200,99],{"class":98},[47,116202,78],{"class":77},[47,116204,14265],{"class":81},[47,116206,862],{"class":77},[47,116208,116209],{"class":1378},"    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[20,116211,116212,116213,4329,116215,116218],{},"Both changed because ",[15,116214,56378],{},[15,116216,116217],{},"copied[0]"," point to the same inner list.",[20,116220,116221,116222,914],{},"If you are new to this, it helps to first understand ",[360,116223,43867],{"href":11999},[33,116225,116227],{"id":116226},"what-a-deep-copy-does","What a deep copy does",[20,116229,15123,116230,116232],{},[127,116231,115792],{}," creates a new outer object and also recursively copies the nested objects inside it.",[20,116234,183],{},[185,116236,116237,116239,116242],{},[188,116238,115999],{},[188,116240,116241],{},"nested mutable objects are also new",[188,116243,116244],{},"changes inside nested structures do not affect the original",[20,116246,800],{},[38,116248,116250],{"className":40,"code":116249,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,116251,116252,116258,116262,116288,116306,116310,116328,116332,116344],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,116253,116254,116256],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,116255,35024],{"class":3812},[47,116257,115810],{"class":53},[47,116259,116260],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,116261,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,116263,116264,116266,116268,116270,116272,116274,116276,116278,116280,116282,116284,116286],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,116265,12020],{"class":53},[47,116267,58],{"class":57},[47,116269,56221],{"class":77},[47,116271,665],{"class":61},[47,116273,668],{"class":77},[47,116275,671],{"class":61},[47,116277,17997],{"class":77},[47,116279,662],{"class":77},[47,116281,2021],{"class":61},[47,116283,668],{"class":77},[47,116285,2404],{"class":61},[47,116287,53169],{"class":77},[47,116289,116290,116292,116294,116296,116298,116300,116302,116304],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,116291,14246],{"class":53},[47,116293,58],{"class":57},[47,116295,115850],{"class":53},[47,116297,914],{"class":77},[47,116299,115874],{"class":81},[47,116301,78],{"class":77},[47,116303,12067],{"class":81},[47,116305,85],{"class":77},[47,116307,116308],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,116309,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,116311,116312,116314,116316,116318,116320,116322,116324,116326],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,116313,14265],{"class":53},[47,116315,736],{"class":77},[47,116317,2077],{"class":61},[47,116319,13485],{"class":77},[47,116321,13488],{"class":81},[47,116323,78],{"class":77},[47,116325,56274],{"class":61},[47,116327,85],{"class":77},[47,116329,116330],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,116331,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,116333,116334,116336,116338,116340,116342],{"class":49,"line":1734},[47,116335,99],{"class":98},[47,116337,78],{"class":77},[47,116339,12067],{"class":81},[47,116341,862],{"class":77},[47,116343,116091],{"class":1378},[47,116345,116346,116348,116350,116352,116354],{"class":49,"line":6365},[47,116347,99],{"class":98},[47,116349,78],{"class":77},[47,116351,14265],{"class":81},[47,116353,862],{"class":77},[47,116355,116209],{"class":1378},[20,116357,116358,116359,116361,116362,914],{},"Here, the inner list was copied too, so changing ",[15,116360,116217],{}," does not change ",[15,116363,56378],{},[33,116365,116367],{"id":116366},"why-beginners-get-confused","Why beginners get confused",[20,116369,116370],{},"This topic is confusing because copying often appears to work at first.",[20,116372,116373],{},"Common reasons:",[185,116375,116376,116379,116382,116388],{},[188,116377,116378],{},"Simple lists of numbers often behave as expected",[188,116380,116381],{},"Problems usually appear only with nested lists or dictionaries",[188,116383,116384,116385,116387],{},"Assignment with ",[15,116386,58],{}," does not make a copy",[188,116389,116390],{},"Some methods make shallow copies, not deep copies",[20,116392,116393,116394,116396],{},"For example, this does ",[127,116395,768],{}," create a copy:",[38,116398,116400],{"className":40,"code":116399,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,116401,116402,116422,116430,116434,116448,116452,116464],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,116403,116404,116406,116408,116410,116412,116414,116416,116418,116420],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,116405,12020],{"class":53},[47,116407,58],{"class":57},[47,116409,662],{"class":77},[47,116411,665],{"class":61},[47,116413,668],{"class":77},[47,116415,671],{"class":61},[47,116417,668],{"class":77},[47,116419,676],{"class":61},[47,116421,679],{"class":77},[47,116423,116424,116426,116428],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,116425,14246],{"class":53},[47,116427,58],{"class":57},[47,116429,12058],{"class":53},[47,116431,116432],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,116433,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,116435,116436,116438,116440,116442,116444,116446],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,116437,14265],{"class":53},[47,116439,914],{"class":77},[47,116441,13488],{"class":81},[47,116443,78],{"class":77},[47,116445,2451],{"class":61},[47,116447,85],{"class":77},[47,116449,116450],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,116451,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,116453,116454,116456,116458,116460,116462],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,116455,99],{"class":98},[47,116457,78],{"class":77},[47,116459,12067],{"class":81},[47,116461,862],{"class":77},[47,116463,55628],{"class":1378},[47,116465,116466,116468,116470,116472,116474],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,116467,99],{"class":98},[47,116469,78],{"class":77},[47,116471,14265],{"class":81},[47,116473,862],{"class":77},[47,116475,116476],{"class":1378},"    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,116478,116479],{},"Both names refer to the same list.",[33,116481,116483],{"id":116482},"assignment-vs-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy","Assignment vs shallow copy vs deep copy",[20,116485,116486],{},"These three ideas are different.",[373,116488,116490],{"id":116489},"assignment","Assignment",[20,116492,116493],{},"With assignment, both names point to the same object.",[38,116495,116497],{"className":40,"code":116496,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nassigned = original\n\nprint(original is assigned)  # True\n",[15,116498,116499,116525,116533,116537],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,116500,116501,116503,116505,116507,116509,116511,116513,116515,116517,116519,116521,116523],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,116502,12020],{"class":53},[47,116504,58],{"class":57},[47,116506,56221],{"class":77},[47,116508,665],{"class":61},[47,116510,668],{"class":77},[47,116512,671],{"class":61},[47,116514,17997],{"class":77},[47,116516,662],{"class":77},[47,116518,2021],{"class":61},[47,116520,668],{"class":77},[47,116522,2404],{"class":61},[47,116524,53169],{"class":77},[47,116526,116527,116529,116531],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,116528,14038],{"class":53},[47,116530,58],{"class":57},[47,116532,12058],{"class":53},[47,116534,116535],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,116536,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,116538,116539,116541,116543,116545,116547,116549,116551],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,116540,99],{"class":98},[47,116542,78],{"class":77},[47,116544,12020],{"class":81},[47,116546,353],{"class":3812},[47,116548,14105],{"class":81},[47,116550,862],{"class":77},[47,116552,3599],{"class":1378},[20,116554,116555],{},"Changing one changes the other.",[373,116557,116559],{"id":116558},"shallow-copy","Shallow copy",[20,116561,116562],{},"With a shallow copy, the outer object is new, but inner objects are shared.",[38,116564,116566],{"className":40,"code":116565,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = original.copy()\n\nprint(original is shallow)      # False\nprint(original[0] is shallow[0])  # True\n",[15,116567,116568,116594,116608,116612,116629],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,116569,116570,116572,116574,116576,116578,116580,116582,116584,116586,116588,116590,116592],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,116571,12020],{"class":53},[47,116573,58],{"class":57},[47,116575,56221],{"class":77},[47,116577,665],{"class":61},[47,116579,668],{"class":77},[47,116581,671],{"class":61},[47,116583,17997],{"class":77},[47,116585,662],{"class":77},[47,116587,2021],{"class":61},[47,116589,668],{"class":77},[47,116591,2404],{"class":61},[47,116593,53169],{"class":77},[47,116595,116596,116598,116600,116602,116604,116606],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,116597,115845],{"class":53},[47,116599,58],{"class":57},[47,116601,12095],{"class":53},[47,116603,914],{"class":77},[47,116605,12845],{"class":81},[47,116607,8574],{"class":77},[47,116609,116610],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,116611,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,116613,116614,116616,116618,116620,116622,116625,116627],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,116615,99],{"class":98},[47,116617,78],{"class":77},[47,116619,12020],{"class":81},[47,116621,353],{"class":3812},[47,116623,116624],{"class":81}," shallow",[47,116626,862],{"class":77},[47,116628,21136],{"class":1378},[47,116630,116631,116633,116635,116637,116639,116641,116643,116645,116647,116649,116651,116653],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,116632,99],{"class":98},[47,116634,78],{"class":77},[47,116636,12067],{"class":81},[47,116638,736],{"class":77},[47,116640,2077],{"class":61},[47,116642,13208],{"class":77},[47,116644,8028],{"class":3812},[47,116646,116624],{"class":81},[47,116648,736],{"class":77},[47,116650,2077],{"class":61},[47,116652,20382],{"class":77},[47,116654,3599],{"class":1378},[373,116656,116658],{"id":116657},"deep-copy","Deep copy",[20,116660,116661],{},"With a deep copy, both the outer object and inner objects are copied.",[38,116663,116665],{"className":40,"code":116664,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\nprint(original is deep)         # False\nprint(original[0] is deep[0])   # False\n",[15,116666,116667,116673,116677,116703,116721,116725,116743],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,116668,116669,116671],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,116670,35024],{"class":3812},[47,116672,115810],{"class":53},[47,116674,116675],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,116676,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,116678,116679,116681,116683,116685,116687,116689,116691,116693,116695,116697,116699,116701],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,116680,12020],{"class":53},[47,116682,58],{"class":57},[47,116684,56221],{"class":77},[47,116686,665],{"class":61},[47,116688,668],{"class":77},[47,116690,671],{"class":61},[47,116692,17997],{"class":77},[47,116694,662],{"class":77},[47,116696,2021],{"class":61},[47,116698,668],{"class":77},[47,116700,2404],{"class":61},[47,116702,53169],{"class":77},[47,116704,116705,116707,116709,116711,116713,116715,116717,116719],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,116706,115865],{"class":53},[47,116708,58],{"class":57},[47,116710,115850],{"class":53},[47,116712,914],{"class":77},[47,116714,115874],{"class":81},[47,116716,78],{"class":77},[47,116718,12067],{"class":81},[47,116720,85],{"class":77},[47,116722,116723],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,116724,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,116726,116727,116729,116731,116733,116735,116738,116740],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,116728,99],{"class":98},[47,116730,78],{"class":77},[47,116732,12020],{"class":81},[47,116734,353],{"class":3812},[47,116736,116737],{"class":81}," deep",[47,116739,862],{"class":77},[47,116741,116742],{"class":1378},"         # False\n",[47,116744,116745,116747,116749,116751,116753,116755,116757,116759,116761,116763,116765,116767],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,116746,99],{"class":98},[47,116748,78],{"class":77},[47,116750,12067],{"class":81},[47,116752,736],{"class":77},[47,116754,2077],{"class":61},[47,116756,13208],{"class":77},[47,116758,8028],{"class":3812},[47,116760,116737],{"class":81},[47,116762,736],{"class":77},[47,116764,2077],{"class":61},[47,116766,20382],{"class":77},[47,116768,43803],{"class":1378},[33,116770,116772],{"id":116771},"common-ways-to-make-a-shallow-copy","Common ways to make a shallow copy",[20,116774,116775,116776,2826],{},"These all make ",[127,116777,116778],{},"shallow copies",[185,116780,116781,116785,116789,116794,116800],{},[188,116782,116783],{},[15,116784,55528],{},[188,116786,116787],{},[15,116788,12368],{},[188,116790,116791],{},[15,116792,116793],{},"set.copy()",[188,116795,116796,116797],{},"list slicing like ",[15,116798,116799],{},"my_list[:]",[188,116801,116802,116804,116805,35014],{},[15,116803,115952],{}," from the ",[15,116806,12845],{},[20,116808,2083],{},[38,116810,116812],{"className":40,"code":116811,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\na = numbers.copy()\nb = numbers[:]\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,116813,116814,116834,116838,116852,116863,116867,116879],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,116815,116816,116818,116820,116822,116824,116826,116828,116830,116832],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,116817,3554],{"class":53},[47,116819,58],{"class":57},[47,116821,662],{"class":77},[47,116823,665],{"class":61},[47,116825,668],{"class":77},[47,116827,671],{"class":61},[47,116829,668],{"class":77},[47,116831,676],{"class":61},[47,116833,679],{"class":77},[47,116835,116836],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,116837,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,116839,116840,116842,116844,116846,116848,116850],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,116841,2501],{"class":53},[47,116843,58],{"class":57},[47,116845,4198],{"class":53},[47,116847,914],{"class":77},[47,116849,12845],{"class":81},[47,116851,8574],{"class":77},[47,116853,116854,116856,116858,116860],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,116855,2529],{"class":53},[47,116857,58],{"class":57},[47,116859,4198],{"class":53},[47,116861,116862],{"class":77},"[:]\n",[47,116864,116865],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,116866,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,116868,116869,116871,116873,116875,116877],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,116870,99],{"class":98},[47,116872,78],{"class":77},[47,116874,360],{"class":81},[47,116876,862],{"class":77},[47,116878,54859],{"class":1378},[47,116880,116881,116883,116885,116887,116889],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,116882,99],{"class":98},[47,116884,78],{"class":77},[47,116886,4696],{"class":81},[47,116888,862],{"class":77},[47,116890,54859],{"class":1378},[20,116892,73066,116893,47461,116897,914],{},[360,116894,116895,10673],{"href":54887},[15,116896,55528],{},[360,116898,116899,10673],{"href":12365},[15,116900,12368],{},[33,116902,116904],{"id":116903},"when-shallow-copy-is-enough","When shallow copy is enough",[20,116906,116907],{},"A shallow copy is often enough when:",[185,116909,116910,116913,116916],{},[188,116911,116912],{},"your data is flat and not nested",[188,116914,116915],{},"you only need a separate outer container",[188,116917,116918],{},"you do not plan to change nested mutable values",[20,116920,116921],{},"Example with a flat list:",[38,116923,116925],{"className":40,"code":116924,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,116926,116927,116947,116961,116965,116979,116983,116995],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,116928,116929,116931,116933,116935,116937,116939,116941,116943,116945],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,116930,12020],{"class":53},[47,116932,58],{"class":57},[47,116934,662],{"class":77},[47,116936,665],{"class":61},[47,116938,668],{"class":77},[47,116940,671],{"class":61},[47,116942,668],{"class":77},[47,116944,676],{"class":61},[47,116946,679],{"class":77},[47,116948,116949,116951,116953,116955,116957,116959],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,116950,14246],{"class":53},[47,116952,58],{"class":57},[47,116954,12095],{"class":53},[47,116956,914],{"class":77},[47,116958,12845],{"class":81},[47,116960,8574],{"class":77},[47,116962,116963],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,116964,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,116966,116967,116969,116971,116973,116975,116977],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,116968,14265],{"class":53},[47,116970,914],{"class":77},[47,116972,13488],{"class":81},[47,116974,78],{"class":77},[47,116976,2451],{"class":61},[47,116978,85],{"class":77},[47,116980,116981],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,116982,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,116984,116985,116987,116989,116991,116993],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,116986,99],{"class":98},[47,116988,78],{"class":77},[47,116990,12067],{"class":81},[47,116992,862],{"class":77},[47,116994,54859],{"class":1378},[47,116996,116997,116999,117001,117003,117005],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,116998,99],{"class":98},[47,117000,78],{"class":77},[47,117002,14265],{"class":81},[47,117004,862],{"class":77},[47,117006,116476],{"class":1378},[20,117008,117009],{},"This works fine because the list contains integers, and integers are immutable.",[20,117011,117012,117013,914],{},"If you just want the common ways to duplicate a list, see ",[360,117014,14823],{"href":57146},[33,117016,117018],{"id":117017},"when-deep-copy-is-safer","When deep copy is safer",[20,117020,117021],{},"A deep copy is safer when:",[185,117023,117024,117027,117030],{},[188,117025,117026],{},"your data contains nested lists, dictionaries, or sets",[188,117028,117029],{},"you need to modify inner values without changing the original",[188,117031,117032],{},"you want a fully independent duplicate",[20,117034,117035],{},"Example with a dictionary containing a list:",[38,117037,117039],{"className":40,"code":117038,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"import copy\n\noriginal = {\"scores\": [10, 20]}\nshallow = original.copy()\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[\"scores\"].append(30)\n\nprint(original)  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(shallow)   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(deep)      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[15,117040,117041,117047,117051,117077,117091,117109,117113,117135,117139,117152,117165],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,117042,117043,117045],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,117044,35024],{"class":3812},[47,117046,115810],{"class":53},[47,117048,117049],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,117050,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,117052,117053,117055,117057,117059,117061,117063,117065,117067,117069,117071,117073,117075],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,117054,12020],{"class":53},[47,117056,58],{"class":57},[47,117058,10423],{"class":77},[47,117060,309],{"class":151},[47,117062,16324],{"class":155},[47,117064,309],{"class":151},[47,117066,2826],{"class":77},[47,117068,662],{"class":77},[47,117070,193],{"class":61},[47,117072,668],{"class":77},[47,117074,7722],{"class":61},[47,117076,13641],{"class":77},[47,117078,117079,117081,117083,117085,117087,117089],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,117080,115845],{"class":53},[47,117082,58],{"class":57},[47,117084,12095],{"class":53},[47,117086,914],{"class":77},[47,117088,12845],{"class":81},[47,117090,8574],{"class":77},[47,117092,117093,117095,117097,117099,117101,117103,117105,117107],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,117094,115865],{"class":53},[47,117096,58],{"class":57},[47,117098,115850],{"class":53},[47,117100,914],{"class":77},[47,117102,115874],{"class":81},[47,117104,78],{"class":77},[47,117106,12067],{"class":81},[47,117108,85],{"class":77},[47,117110,117111],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,117112,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,117114,117115,117117,117119,117121,117123,117125,117127,117129,117131,117133],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,117116,12067],{"class":53},[47,117118,736],{"class":77},[47,117120,309],{"class":151},[47,117122,16324],{"class":155},[47,117124,309],{"class":151},[47,117126,13485],{"class":77},[47,117128,13488],{"class":81},[47,117130,78],{"class":77},[47,117132,36775],{"class":61},[47,117134,85],{"class":77},[47,117136,117137],{"class":49,"line":1734},[47,117138,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,117140,117141,117143,117145,117147,117149],{"class":49,"line":6365},[47,117142,99],{"class":98},[47,117144,78],{"class":77},[47,117146,12067],{"class":81},[47,117148,862],{"class":77},[47,117150,117151],{"class":1378},"  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[47,117153,117154,117156,117158,117160,117162],{"class":49,"line":6370},[47,117155,99],{"class":98},[47,117157,78],{"class":77},[47,117159,115928],{"class":81},[47,117161,862],{"class":77},[47,117163,117164],{"class":1378},"   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[47,117166,117167,117169,117171,117173,117175],{"class":49,"line":11528},[47,117168,99],{"class":98},[47,117170,78],{"class":77},[47,117172,115942],{"class":81},[47,117174,862],{"class":77},[47,117176,117177],{"class":1378},"      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[20,117179,117180],{},"The shallow copy still shares the inner list. The deep copy does not.",[33,117182,117184],{"id":117183},"important-limits-and-caution","Important limits and caution",[20,117186,117187],{},"Keep these points in mind:",[185,117189,117190,117193,117196,117199],{},[188,117191,117192],{},"Deep copy can be slower on large objects",[188,117194,117195],{},"Not every object copies cleanly in every situation",[188,117197,117198],{},"Copy only when you really need a separate object",[188,117200,117201],{},"Immutable values like integers and strings do not cause the same shared-mutation problem",[20,117203,117204],{},"For example, strings and integers do not behave like nested lists because they cannot be changed in place.",[38,117206,117208],{"className":40,"code":117207,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = 10\nb = a\n\nb = 20\n\nprint(a)  # 10\nprint(b)  # 20\n",[15,117209,117210,117218,117226,117230,117238,117242,117254],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,117211,117212,117214,117216],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,117213,2501],{"class":53},[47,117215,58],{"class":57},[47,117217,391],{"class":61},[47,117219,117220,117222,117224],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,117221,2529],{"class":53},[47,117223,58],{"class":57},[47,117225,36109],{"class":53},[47,117227,117228],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,117229,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,117231,117232,117234,117236],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,117233,2529],{"class":53},[47,117235,58],{"class":57},[47,117237,14549],{"class":61},[47,117239,117240],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,117241,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,117243,117244,117246,117248,117250,117252],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,117245,99],{"class":98},[47,117247,78],{"class":77},[47,117249,360],{"class":81},[47,117251,862],{"class":77},[47,117253,26728],{"class":1378},[47,117255,117256,117258,117260,117262,117264],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,117257,99],{"class":98},[47,117259,78],{"class":77},[47,117261,4696],{"class":81},[47,117263,862],{"class":77},[47,117265,27549],{"class":1378},[20,117267,93427,117268,117271],{},[360,117269,117270],{"href":11999},"mutable vs immutable types"," matters when learning about copying.",[33,117273,2775],{"id":2774},[20,117275,117276],{},"These mistakes cause most copy-related bugs:",[185,117278,117279,117283,117288,117293,117296],{},[188,117280,1335,117281,56711],{},[15,117282,58],{},[188,117284,1335,117285,117287],{},[15,117286,55528],{}," on a nested list and expecting full independence",[188,117289,1335,117290,117292],{},[15,117291,12368],{}," on a dictionary that contains lists or dictionaries",[188,117294,117295],{},"Changing an inner list after making a shallow copy",[188,117297,117298],{},"Not realizing the difference between mutable and immutable values",[20,117300,117301],{},"If something seems wrong, these checks can help:",[38,117303,117305],{"className":40,"code":117304,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(original is copied)\nprint(original == copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[0]), id(copied[0]))\nprint(type(original))\n",[15,117306,117307,117321,117335,117357,117388],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,117308,117309,117311,117313,117315,117317,117319],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,117310,99],{"class":98},[47,117312,78],{"class":77},[47,117314,12020],{"class":81},[47,117316,353],{"class":3812},[47,117318,14319],{"class":81},[47,117320,85],{"class":77},[47,117322,117323,117325,117327,117329,117331,117333],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,117324,99],{"class":98},[47,117326,78],{"class":77},[47,117328,12020],{"class":81},[47,117330,4623],{"class":57},[47,117332,14319],{"class":81},[47,117334,85],{"class":77},[47,117336,117337,117339,117341,117343,117345,117347,117349,117351,117353,117355],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,117338,99],{"class":98},[47,117340,78],{"class":77},[47,117342,12583],{"class":98},[47,117344,78],{"class":77},[47,117346,12067],{"class":81},[47,117348,9166],{"class":77},[47,117350,14751],{"class":98},[47,117352,78],{"class":77},[47,117354,14265],{"class":81},[47,117356,123],{"class":77},[47,117358,117359,117361,117363,117365,117367,117369,117371,117373,117376,117378,117380,117382,117384,117386],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,117360,99],{"class":98},[47,117362,78],{"class":77},[47,117364,12583],{"class":98},[47,117366,78],{"class":77},[47,117368,12067],{"class":81},[47,117370,736],{"class":77},[47,117372,2077],{"class":61},[47,117374,117375],{"class":77},"]),",[47,117377,14751],{"class":98},[47,117379,78],{"class":77},[47,117381,14265],{"class":81},[47,117383,736],{"class":77},[47,117385,2077],{"class":61},[47,117387,2941],{"class":77},[47,117389,117390,117392,117394,117396,117398,117400],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,117391,99],{"class":98},[47,117393,78],{"class":77},[47,117395,116],{"class":73},[47,117397,78],{"class":77},[47,117399,12067],{"class":81},[47,117401,123],{"class":77},[20,117403,117404],{},"What they tell you:",[185,117406,117407,117412,117417,117422,117432],{},[188,117408,117409,117411],{},[15,117410,353],{}," checks whether two names refer to the same object",[188,117413,117414,117416],{},[15,117415,4623],{}," checks whether values are equal",[188,117418,117419,117421],{},[15,117420,43419],{}," shows the identity of an object",[188,117423,117424,117425,4329,117428,117431],{},"comparing ",[15,117426,117427],{},"id(original[0])",[15,117429,117430],{},"id(copied[0])"," helps detect shared inner objects",[188,117433,117434,117436],{},[15,117435,365],{}," confirms what kind of object you are copying",[33,117438,1762],{"id":1761},[373,117440,117442],{"id":117441},"does-create-a-copy-in-python","Does = create a copy in Python?",[20,117444,117445],{},"No. It creates another reference to the same object.",[373,117447,57196],{"id":57112},[20,117449,117450],{},"No. It is a shallow copy.",[373,117452,117454],{"id":117453},"when-do-i-need-deepcopy","When do I need deepcopy()?",[20,117456,117457],{},"Use it when your object contains nested mutable values and you want full independence.",[373,117459,117461],{"id":117460},"do-strings-and-integers-need-deep-copy","Do strings and integers need deep copy?",[20,117463,117464],{},"Usually no. They are immutable, so changing one variable does not change the original value.",[373,117466,117468],{"id":117467},"why-did-changing-one-list-change-the-other","Why did changing one list change the other?",[20,117470,117471],{},"They likely share the same inner object because of assignment or a shallow copy.",[33,117473,1825],{"id":1824},[185,117475,117476,117481,117487,117493,117497],{},[188,117477,117478],{},[360,117479,117480],{"href":11999},"Mutability in Python explained: mutable vs immutable types",[188,117482,117483],{},[360,117484,13,117485,10673],{"href":54887},[15,117486,55528],{},[188,117488,117489],{},[360,117490,13,117491,10673],{"href":12365},[15,117492,12368],{},[188,117494,117495],{},[360,117496,14899],{"href":57146},[188,117498,117499],{},[360,117500,117501],{"href":58421},"What is a list in Python?",[1875,117503,117504],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":65,"depth":65,"links":117506},[117507,117508,117509,117510,117511,117512,117517,117518,117519,117520,117521,117522,117529],{"id":35,"depth":65,"text":36},{"id":115962,"depth":65,"text":115963},{"id":115983,"depth":65,"text":115984},{"id":116226,"depth":65,"text":116227},{"id":116366,"depth":65,"text":116367},{"id":116482,"depth":65,"text":116483,"children":117513},[117514,117515,117516],{"id":116489,"depth":88,"text":116490},{"id":116558,"depth":88,"text":116559},{"id":116657,"depth":88,"text":116658},{"id":116771,"depth":65,"text":116772},{"id":116903,"depth":65,"text":116904},{"id":117017,"depth":65,"text":117018},{"id":117183,"depth":65,"text":117184},{"id":2774,"depth":65,"text":2775},{"id":1761,"depth":65,"text":1762,"children":117523},[117524,117525,117526,117527,117528],{"id":117441,"depth":88,"text":117442},{"id":57112,"depth":88,"text":57196},{"id":117453,"depth":88,"text":117454},{"id":117460,"depth":88,"text":117461},{"id":117467,"depth":88,"text":117468},{"id":1824,"depth":65,"text":1825},"Master python shallow copy vs deep copy explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":115763,"description":117530},"reference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","4P8qWKs1knuRzO-mq5pz1MvM10FXTsG04QbHQz5pkwk",{"id":117536,"title":117537,"body":117538,"description":119395,"extension":1922,"meta":119396,"navigation":91,"path":119397,"seo":119398,"stem":119399,"__hash__":119400},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained.md","Python sorted() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":117539,"toc":119353},[117540,117545,117550,117558,117560,117628,117633,117638,117653,117656,117658,117689,117691,117711,117714,117729,117731,117734,117807,117809,117854,117856,117867,117872,117876,117881,117884,117923,117925,117945,117948,118005,118007,118042,118045,118084,118086,118106,118109,118140,118142,118198,118200,118205,118276,118278,118311,118316,118321,118386,118388,118425,118428,118505,118507,118567,118574,118579,118582,118585,118666,118668,118709,118714,118717,118795,118797,118830,118839,118846,118849,118860,118863,118874,118878,118886,118895,118899,118904,118908,118913,118956,118959,118965,118968,118970,119017,119022,119026,119029,119078,119080,119101,119104,119106,119131,119134,119255,119260,119262,119267,119270,119275,119278,119286,119291,119298,119301,119309,119312,119314,119350],[10,117541,13,117543,18],{"id":117542},"python-sorted-function-explained",[15,117544,74350],{},[20,117546,117547,117549],{},[15,117548,74350],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns a new list in sorted order.",[20,117551,117552,117553,1752,117555,117557],{},"It is useful when you want to sort values without changing the original data. Unlike ",[15,117554,77791],{},[15,117556,74350],{}," also works with many iterable types, not just lists.",[33,117559,3544],{"id":3543},[38,117561,117563],{"className":40,"code":117562,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers)     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[15,117564,117565,117585,117599,117603,117615],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,117566,117567,117569,117571,117573,117575,117577,117579,117581,117583],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,117568,3554],{"class":53},[47,117570,58],{"class":57},[47,117572,662],{"class":77},[47,117574,2021],{"class":61},[47,117576,668],{"class":77},[47,117578,5431],{"class":61},[47,117580,668],{"class":77},[47,117582,671],{"class":61},[47,117584,679],{"class":77},[47,117586,117587,117589,117591,117593,117595,117597],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,117588,2184],{"class":53},[47,117590,58],{"class":57},[47,117592,74484],{"class":98},[47,117594,78],{"class":77},[47,117596,3584],{"class":81},[47,117598,85],{"class":77},[47,117600,117601],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,117602,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,117604,117605,117607,117609,117611,117613],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,117606,99],{"class":98},[47,117608,78],{"class":77},[47,117610,2218],{"class":81},[47,117612,862],{"class":77},[47,117614,55615],{"class":1378},[47,117616,117617,117619,117621,117623,117625],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,117618,99],{"class":98},[47,117620,78],{"class":77},[47,117622,3584],{"class":81},[47,117624,862],{"class":77},[47,117626,117627],{"class":1378},"     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[20,117629,117630,117632],{},[15,117631,74350],{}," returns a new sorted list and does not change the original object.",[33,117634,172,117636,175],{"id":117635},"what-sorted-does",[15,117637,74350],{},[185,117639,117640,117644,117647,117650],{},[188,117641,117642,62853],{},[15,117643,74350],{},[188,117645,117646],{},"It returns a new list in sorted order.",[188,117648,117649],{},"It works with many iterable objects, not just lists.",[188,117651,117652],{},"It does not modify the original data.",[20,117654,117655],{},"This means you can use it with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterable values.",[33,117657,245],{"id":244},[38,117659,117661],{"className":40,"code":117660,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"sorted(iterable, key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,117662,117663],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,117664,117665,117667,117669,117671,117673,117675,117677,117679,117681,117683,117685,117687],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,117666,74440],{"class":98},[47,117668,78],{"class":77},[47,117670,3655],{"class":81},[47,117672,668],{"class":77},[47,117674,21515],{"class":9108},[47,117676,58],{"class":57},[47,117678,3713],{"class":571},[47,117680,668],{"class":77},[47,117682,77994],{"class":9108},[47,117684,58],{"class":57},[47,117686,3609],{"class":571},[47,117688,85],{"class":77},[373,117690,17331],{"id":17330},[185,117692,117693,117698,117703],{},[188,117694,117695,117697],{},[15,117696,3655],{},": the values to sort",[188,117699,117700,117702],{},[15,117701,14776],{},": an optional function that decides how items are compared",[188,117704,117705,117707,117708,117710],{},[15,117706,73503],{},": set to ",[15,117709,212],{}," to sort in descending order",[20,117712,117713],{},"In many cases, you only need:",[38,117715,117717],{"className":40,"code":117716,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"sorted(my_values)\n",[15,117718,117719],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,117720,117721,117723,117725,117727],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,117722,74440],{"class":98},[47,117724,78],{"class":77},[47,117726,60235],{"class":81},[47,117728,85],{"class":77},[33,117730,11409],{"id":11408},[20,117732,117733],{},"Here is a basic example with numbers:",[38,117735,117737],{"className":40,"code":117736,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [5, 2, 8, 1]\n\nsorted_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(sorted_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,117738,117739,117763,117767,117782,117786,117797],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,117740,117741,117743,117745,117747,117749,117751,117753,117755,117757,117759,117761],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,117742,3554],{"class":53},[47,117744,58],{"class":57},[47,117746,662],{"class":77},[47,117748,2094],{"class":61},[47,117750,668],{"class":77},[47,117752,671],{"class":61},[47,117754,668],{"class":77},[47,117756,6295],{"class":61},[47,117758,668],{"class":77},[47,117760,5431],{"class":61},[47,117762,679],{"class":77},[47,117764,117765],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,117766,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,117768,117769,117772,117774,117776,117778,117780],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,117770,117771],{"class":53},"sorted_numbers ",[47,117773,58],{"class":57},[47,117775,74484],{"class":98},[47,117777,78],{"class":77},[47,117779,3584],{"class":81},[47,117781,85],{"class":77},[47,117783,117784],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,117785,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,117787,117788,117790,117792,117795],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,117789,99],{"class":98},[47,117791,78],{"class":77},[47,117793,117794],{"class":81},"sorted_numbers",[47,117796,85],{"class":77},[47,117798,117799,117801,117803,117805],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,117800,99],{"class":98},[47,117802,78],{"class":77},[47,117804,3584],{"class":81},[47,117806,85],{"class":77},[20,117808,129],{},[38,117810,117812],{"className":40,"code":117811,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2, 5, 8]\n[5, 2, 8, 1]\n",[15,117813,117814,117834],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,117815,117816,117818,117820,117822,117824,117826,117828,117830,117832],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,117817,736],{"class":77},[47,117819,665],{"class":61},[47,117821,668],{"class":77},[47,117823,671],{"class":61},[47,117825,668],{"class":77},[47,117827,4540],{"class":61},[47,117829,668],{"class":77},[47,117831,6295],{"class":61},[47,117833,679],{"class":77},[47,117835,117836,117838,117840,117842,117844,117846,117848,117850,117852],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,117837,736],{"class":77},[47,117839,2094],{"class":61},[47,117841,668],{"class":77},[47,117843,671],{"class":61},[47,117845,668],{"class":77},[47,117847,6295],{"class":61},[47,117849,668],{"class":77},[47,117851,5431],{"class":61},[47,117853,679],{"class":77},[20,117855,13698],{},[185,117857,117858,117863],{},[188,117859,117860,117862],{},[15,117861,117794],{}," is a new sorted list",[188,117864,117865,112401],{},[15,117866,3584],{},[20,117868,117869,117870,914],{},"If you want to sort a list in place instead, see ",[360,117871,78301],{"href":78300},[33,117873,117875],{"id":117874},"sorting-different-iterable-types","Sorting different iterable types",[20,117877,117878,117880],{},[15,117879,74350],{}," works with more than lists. The result is always a new list.",[373,117882,117883],{"id":8025},"List",[38,117885,117887],{"className":40,"code":117886,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,117888,117889,117909],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,117890,117891,117893,117895,117897,117899,117901,117903,117905,117907],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,117892,3554],{"class":53},[47,117894,58],{"class":57},[47,117896,662],{"class":77},[47,117898,2021],{"class":61},[47,117900,668],{"class":77},[47,117902,5431],{"class":61},[47,117904,668],{"class":77},[47,117906,671],{"class":61},[47,117908,679],{"class":77},[47,117910,117911,117913,117915,117917,117919,117921],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,117912,99],{"class":98},[47,117914,78],{"class":77},[47,117916,74440],{"class":98},[47,117918,78],{"class":77},[47,117920,3584],{"class":81},[47,117922,123],{"class":77},[20,117924,129],{},[38,117926,117927],{"className":40,"code":55077,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,117928,117929],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,117930,117931,117933,117935,117937,117939,117941,117943],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,117932,736],{"class":77},[47,117934,665],{"class":61},[47,117936,668],{"class":77},[47,117938,671],{"class":61},[47,117940,668],{"class":77},[47,117942,676],{"class":61},[47,117944,679],{"class":77},[373,117946,117947],{"id":48878},"Tuple",[38,117949,117951],{"className":40,"code":117950,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = (3, 1, 2)\nprint(sorted(values))\nprint(type(sorted(values)))\n",[15,117952,117953,117973,117987],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,117954,117955,117957,117959,117961,117963,117965,117967,117969,117971],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,117956,3758],{"class":53},[47,117958,58],{"class":57},[47,117960,9169],{"class":77},[47,117962,2021],{"class":61},[47,117964,668],{"class":77},[47,117966,5431],{"class":61},[47,117968,668],{"class":77},[47,117970,671],{"class":61},[47,117972,85],{"class":77},[47,117974,117975,117977,117979,117981,117983,117985],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,117976,99],{"class":98},[47,117978,78],{"class":77},[47,117980,74440],{"class":98},[47,117982,78],{"class":77},[47,117984,5291],{"class":81},[47,117986,123],{"class":77},[47,117988,117989,117991,117993,117995,117997,117999,118001,118003],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,117990,99],{"class":98},[47,117992,78],{"class":77},[47,117994,116],{"class":73},[47,117996,78],{"class":77},[47,117998,74440],{"class":98},[47,118000,78],{"class":77},[47,118002,5291],{"class":81},[47,118004,2854],{"class":77},[20,118006,129],{},[38,118008,118010],{"className":40,"code":118009,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,118011,118012,118028],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,118013,118014,118016,118018,118020,118022,118024,118026],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118015,736],{"class":77},[47,118017,665],{"class":61},[47,118019,668],{"class":77},[47,118021,671],{"class":61},[47,118023,668],{"class":77},[47,118025,676],{"class":61},[47,118027,679],{"class":77},[47,118029,118030,118032,118034,118036,118038,118040],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,118031,144],{"class":57},[47,118033,148],{"class":147},[47,118035,152],{"class":151},[47,118037,8025],{"class":155},[47,118039,159],{"class":151},[47,118041,162],{"class":57},[373,118043,118044],{"id":6222},"Set",[38,118046,118048],{"className":40,"code":118047,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = {3, 1, 2}\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,118049,118050,118070],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,118051,118052,118054,118056,118058,118060,118062,118064,118066,118068],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118053,3758],{"class":53},[47,118055,58],{"class":57},[47,118057,10423],{"class":77},[47,118059,2021],{"class":61},[47,118061,668],{"class":77},[47,118063,5431],{"class":61},[47,118065,668],{"class":77},[47,118067,671],{"class":61},[47,118069,9240],{"class":77},[47,118071,118072,118074,118076,118078,118080,118082],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,118073,99],{"class":98},[47,118075,78],{"class":77},[47,118077,74440],{"class":98},[47,118079,78],{"class":77},[47,118081,5291],{"class":81},[47,118083,123],{"class":77},[20,118085,129],{},[38,118087,118088],{"className":40,"code":55077,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,118089,118090],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,118091,118092,118094,118096,118098,118100,118102,118104],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118093,736],{"class":77},[47,118095,665],{"class":61},[47,118097,668],{"class":77},[47,118099,671],{"class":61},[47,118101,668],{"class":77},[47,118103,676],{"class":61},[47,118105,679],{"class":77},[373,118107,118108],{"id":61102},"String",[38,118110,118112],{"className":40,"code":118111,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"python\"\nprint(sorted(text))\n",[15,118113,118114,118126],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,118115,118116,118118,118120,118122,118124],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118117,68],{"class":53},[47,118119,58],{"class":57},[47,118121,303],{"class":151},[47,118123,42],{"class":155},[47,118125,820],{"class":151},[47,118127,118128,118130,118132,118134,118136,118138],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,118129,99],{"class":98},[47,118131,78],{"class":77},[47,118133,74440],{"class":98},[47,118135,78],{"class":77},[47,118137,104],{"class":81},[47,118139,123],{"class":77},[20,118141,129],{},[38,118143,118144],{"className":40,"code":79318,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,118145,118146],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,118147,118148,118150,118152,118154,118156,118158,118160,118162,118164,118166,118168,118170,118172,118174,118176,118178,118180,118182,118184,118186,118188,118190,118192,118194,118196],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118149,736],{"class":77},[47,118151,159],{"class":151},[47,118153,60366],{"class":155},[47,118155,159],{"class":151},[47,118157,668],{"class":77},[47,118159,152],{"class":151},[47,118161,75954],{"class":155},[47,118163,159],{"class":151},[47,118165,668],{"class":77},[47,118167,152],{"class":151},[47,118169,60401],{"class":155},[47,118171,159],{"class":151},[47,118173,668],{"class":77},[47,118175,152],{"class":151},[47,118177,20],{"class":155},[47,118179,159],{"class":151},[47,118181,668],{"class":77},[47,118183,152],{"class":151},[47,118185,63214],{"class":155},[47,118187,159],{"class":151},[47,118189,668],{"class":77},[47,118191,152],{"class":151},[47,118193,11679],{"class":155},[47,118195,159],{"class":151},[47,118197,679],{"class":77},[373,118199,29157],{"id":15539},[20,118201,63467,118202,118204],{},[15,118203,74350],{},", Python sorts the dictionary keys.",[38,118206,118208],{"className":40,"code":118207,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nprint(sorted(person))\n",[15,118209,118210,118262],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,118211,118212,118214,118216,118218,118220,118222,118224,118226,118228,118230,118232,118234,118236,118238,118240,118242,118244,118246,118248,118250,118252,118254,118256,118258,118260],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118213,13139],{"class":53},[47,118215,58],{"class":57},[47,118217,10423],{"class":77},[47,118219,309],{"class":151},[47,118221,7601],{"class":155},[47,118223,309],{"class":151},[47,118225,2826],{"class":77},[47,118227,303],{"class":151},[47,118229,12814],{"class":155},[47,118231,309],{"class":151},[47,118233,668],{"class":77},[47,118235,303],{"class":151},[47,118237,82],{"class":155},[47,118239,309],{"class":151},[47,118241,2826],{"class":77},[47,118243,7722],{"class":61},[47,118245,668],{"class":77},[47,118247,303],{"class":151},[47,118249,10341],{"class":155},[47,118251,309],{"class":151},[47,118253,2826],{"class":77},[47,118255,303],{"class":151},[47,118257,15966],{"class":155},[47,118259,309],{"class":151},[47,118261,9240],{"class":77},[47,118263,118264,118266,118268,118270,118272,118274],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,118265,99],{"class":98},[47,118267,78],{"class":77},[47,118269,74440],{"class":98},[47,118271,78],{"class":77},[47,118273,17243],{"class":81},[47,118275,123],{"class":77},[20,118277,129],{},[38,118279,118281],{"className":40,"code":118280,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['age', 'city', 'name']\n",[15,118282,118283],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,118284,118285,118287,118289,118291,118293,118295,118297,118299,118301,118303,118305,118307,118309],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118286,736],{"class":77},[47,118288,159],{"class":151},[47,118290,82],{"class":155},[47,118292,159],{"class":151},[47,118294,668],{"class":77},[47,118296,152],{"class":151},[47,118298,10341],{"class":155},[47,118300,159],{"class":151},[47,118302,668],{"class":77},[47,118304,152],{"class":151},[47,118306,7601],{"class":155},[47,118308,159],{"class":151},[47,118310,679],{"class":77},[33,118312,1335,118314],{"id":118313},"using-reversetrue",[15,118315,78015],{},[20,118317,165,118318,118320],{},[15,118319,78015],{}," when you want descending order instead of ascending order.",[38,118322,118324],{"className":40,"code":118323,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n",[15,118325,118326,118346,118350,118364],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,118327,118328,118330,118332,118334,118336,118338,118340,118342,118344],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118329,3554],{"class":53},[47,118331,58],{"class":57},[47,118333,662],{"class":77},[47,118335,2021],{"class":61},[47,118337,668],{"class":77},[47,118339,5431],{"class":61},[47,118341,668],{"class":77},[47,118343,671],{"class":61},[47,118345,679],{"class":77},[47,118347,118348],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,118349,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,118351,118352,118354,118356,118358,118360,118362],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,118353,99],{"class":98},[47,118355,78],{"class":77},[47,118357,74440],{"class":98},[47,118359,78],{"class":77},[47,118361,3584],{"class":81},[47,118363,123],{"class":77},[47,118365,118366,118368,118370,118372,118374,118376,118378,118380,118382,118384],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,118367,99],{"class":98},[47,118369,78],{"class":77},[47,118371,74440],{"class":98},[47,118373,78],{"class":77},[47,118375,3584],{"class":81},[47,118377,668],{"class":77},[47,118379,77994],{"class":9108},[47,118381,58],{"class":57},[47,118383,212],{"class":571},[47,118385,123],{"class":77},[20,118387,129],{},[38,118389,118391],{"className":40,"code":118390,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2, 3]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,118392,118393,118409],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,118394,118395,118397,118399,118401,118403,118405,118407],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118396,736],{"class":77},[47,118398,665],{"class":61},[47,118400,668],{"class":77},[47,118402,671],{"class":61},[47,118404,668],{"class":77},[47,118406,676],{"class":61},[47,118408,679],{"class":77},[47,118410,118411,118413,118415,118417,118419,118421,118423],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,118412,736],{"class":77},[47,118414,2021],{"class":61},[47,118416,668],{"class":77},[47,118418,671],{"class":61},[47,118420,668],{"class":77},[47,118422,5431],{"class":61},[47,118424,679],{"class":77},[20,118426,118427],{},"This also works with strings:",[38,118429,118431],{"className":40,"code":118430,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words))\nprint(sorted(words, reverse=True))\n",[15,118432,118433,118465,118469,118483],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,118434,118435,118437,118439,118441,118443,118445,118447,118449,118451,118453,118455,118457,118459,118461,118463],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118436,4006],{"class":53},[47,118438,58],{"class":57},[47,118440,662],{"class":77},[47,118442,309],{"class":151},[47,118444,1425],{"class":155},[47,118446,309],{"class":151},[47,118448,668],{"class":77},[47,118450,303],{"class":151},[47,118452,1434],{"class":155},[47,118454,309],{"class":151},[47,118456,668],{"class":77},[47,118458,303],{"class":151},[47,118460,4031],{"class":155},[47,118462,309],{"class":151},[47,118464,679],{"class":77},[47,118466,118467],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,118468,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,118470,118471,118473,118475,118477,118479,118481],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,118472,99],{"class":98},[47,118474,78],{"class":77},[47,118476,74440],{"class":98},[47,118478,78],{"class":77},[47,118480,4048],{"class":81},[47,118482,123],{"class":77},[47,118484,118485,118487,118489,118491,118493,118495,118497,118499,118501,118503],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,118486,99],{"class":98},[47,118488,78],{"class":77},[47,118490,74440],{"class":98},[47,118492,78],{"class":77},[47,118494,4048],{"class":81},[47,118496,668],{"class":77},[47,118498,77994],{"class":9108},[47,118500,58],{"class":57},[47,118502,212],{"class":571},[47,118504,123],{"class":77},[20,118506,129],{},[38,118508,118509],{"className":40,"code":74084,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,118510,118511,118539],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,118512,118513,118515,118517,118519,118521,118523,118525,118527,118529,118531,118533,118535,118537],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118514,736],{"class":77},[47,118516,159],{"class":151},[47,118518,1425],{"class":155},[47,118520,159],{"class":151},[47,118522,668],{"class":77},[47,118524,152],{"class":151},[47,118526,1434],{"class":155},[47,118528,159],{"class":151},[47,118530,668],{"class":77},[47,118532,152],{"class":151},[47,118534,4031],{"class":155},[47,118536,159],{"class":151},[47,118538,679],{"class":77},[47,118540,118541,118543,118545,118547,118549,118551,118553,118555,118557,118559,118561,118563,118565],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,118542,736],{"class":77},[47,118544,159],{"class":151},[47,118546,4031],{"class":155},[47,118548,159],{"class":151},[47,118550,668],{"class":77},[47,118552,152],{"class":151},[47,118554,1434],{"class":155},[47,118556,159],{"class":151},[47,118558,668],{"class":77},[47,118560,152],{"class":151},[47,118562,1425],{"class":155},[47,118564,159],{"class":151},[47,118566,679],{"class":77},[33,118568,1335,118570,118573],{"id":118569},"using-key-for-custom-sorting",[15,118571,118572],{},"key="," for custom sorting",[20,118575,1939,118576,118578],{},[15,118577,118572],{}," argument lets you control how values are sorted.",[20,118580,118581],{},"Python applies the key function to each item, then sorts based on the result.",[20,118583,118584],{},"A beginner-friendly example is sorting words by length:",[38,118586,118588],{"className":40,"code":118587,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"pear\", \"fig\", \"banana\", \"kiwi\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=len)\nprint(result)\n",[15,118589,118590,118630,118634,118656],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,118591,118592,118594,118596,118598,118600,118602,118604,118606,118608,118610,118612,118614,118616,118618,118620,118622,118624,118626,118628],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118593,4006],{"class":53},[47,118595,58],{"class":57},[47,118597,662],{"class":77},[47,118599,309],{"class":151},[47,118601,78668],{"class":155},[47,118603,309],{"class":151},[47,118605,668],{"class":77},[47,118607,303],{"class":151},[47,118609,38293],{"class":155},[47,118611,309],{"class":151},[47,118613,668],{"class":77},[47,118615,303],{"class":151},[47,118617,1434],{"class":155},[47,118619,309],{"class":151},[47,118621,668],{"class":77},[47,118623,303],{"class":151},[47,118625,38276],{"class":155},[47,118627,309],{"class":151},[47,118629,679],{"class":77},[47,118631,118632],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,118633,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,118635,118636,118638,118640,118642,118644,118646,118648,118650,118652,118654],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,118637,2184],{"class":53},[47,118639,58],{"class":57},[47,118641,74484],{"class":98},[47,118643,78],{"class":77},[47,118645,4048],{"class":81},[47,118647,668],{"class":77},[47,118649,21515],{"class":9108},[47,118651,58],{"class":57},[47,118653,11095],{"class":98},[47,118655,85],{"class":77},[47,118657,118658,118660,118662,118664],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,118659,99],{"class":98},[47,118661,78],{"class":77},[47,118663,2218],{"class":81},[47,118665,85],{"class":77},[20,118667,129],{},[38,118669,118671],{"className":40,"code":118670,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['fig', 'pear', 'kiwi', 'banana']\n",[15,118672,118673],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,118674,118675,118677,118679,118681,118683,118685,118687,118689,118691,118693,118695,118697,118699,118701,118703,118705,118707],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118676,736],{"class":77},[47,118678,159],{"class":151},[47,118680,38293],{"class":155},[47,118682,159],{"class":151},[47,118684,668],{"class":77},[47,118686,152],{"class":151},[47,118688,78668],{"class":155},[47,118690,159],{"class":151},[47,118692,668],{"class":77},[47,118694,152],{"class":151},[47,118696,38276],{"class":155},[47,118698,159],{"class":151},[47,118700,668],{"class":77},[47,118702,152],{"class":151},[47,118704,1434],{"class":155},[47,118706,159],{"class":151},[47,118708,679],{"class":77},[20,118710,267,118711,118713],{},[15,118712,11095],{}," is used as the key function, so the words are sorted by length.",[20,118715,118716],{},"Another common example is sorting text without caring about uppercase and lowercase letters:",[38,118718,118720],{"className":40,"code":118719,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=str.lower)\nprint(result)\n",[15,118721,118722,118755,118759,118785],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,118723,118724,118726,118728,118730,118732,118734,118736,118738,118740,118742,118744,118746,118748,118751,118753],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118725,4006],{"class":53},[47,118727,58],{"class":57},[47,118729,662],{"class":77},[47,118731,309],{"class":151},[47,118733,83287],{"class":155},[47,118735,309],{"class":151},[47,118737,668],{"class":77},[47,118739,303],{"class":151},[47,118741,1425],{"class":155},[47,118743,309],{"class":151},[47,118745,668],{"class":77},[47,118747,303],{"class":151},[47,118749,118750],{"class":155},"Cherry",[47,118752,309],{"class":151},[47,118754,679],{"class":77},[47,118756,118757],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,118758,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,118760,118761,118763,118765,118767,118769,118771,118773,118775,118777,118779,118781,118783],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,118762,2184],{"class":53},[47,118764,58],{"class":57},[47,118766,74484],{"class":98},[47,118768,78],{"class":77},[47,118770,4048],{"class":81},[47,118772,668],{"class":77},[47,118774,21515],{"class":9108},[47,118776,58],{"class":57},[47,118778,156],{"class":73},[47,118780,914],{"class":77},[47,118782,8571],{"class":24685},[47,118784,85],{"class":77},[47,118786,118787,118789,118791,118793],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,118788,99],{"class":98},[47,118790,78],{"class":77},[47,118792,2218],{"class":81},[47,118794,85],{"class":77},[20,118796,129],{},[38,118798,118800],{"className":40,"code":118799,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,118801,118802],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,118803,118804,118806,118808,118810,118812,118814,118816,118818,118820,118822,118824,118826,118828],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118805,736],{"class":77},[47,118807,159],{"class":151},[47,118809,1425],{"class":155},[47,118811,159],{"class":151},[47,118813,668],{"class":77},[47,118815,152],{"class":151},[47,118817,83287],{"class":155},[47,118819,159],{"class":151},[47,118821,668],{"class":77},[47,118823,152],{"class":151},[47,118825,118750],{"class":155},[47,118827,159],{"class":151},[47,118829,679],{"class":77},[20,118831,118832,118833,35263,118835,914],{},"You can learn more about ",[15,118834,42292],{},[360,118836,13,118837,1834],{"href":42289},[15,118838,42292],{},[33,118840,118842,920,118844],{"id":118841},"sorted-vs-listsort",[15,118843,74350],{},[15,118845,77791],{},[20,118847,118848],{},"The main difference is this:",[185,118850,118851,118856],{},[188,118852,118853,118855],{},[15,118854,74350],{}," returns a new list",[188,118857,118858,73888],{},[15,118859,77791],{},[20,118861,118862],{},"Also:",[185,118864,118865,118870],{},[188,118866,118867,118869],{},[15,118868,74350],{}," works with many iterables",[188,118871,118872,79224],{},[15,118873,77791],{},[20,118875,165,118876,10533],{},[15,118877,74350],{},[185,118879,118880,118883],{},[188,118881,118882],{},"you want to keep the original data unchanged",[188,118884,118885],{},"your data is not a list",[20,118887,118888,118889,914],{},"For a full side-by-side comparison, see ",[360,118890,13,118891,920,118893,5717],{"href":79049},[15,118892,74350],{},[15,118894,77791],{},[33,118896,118898],{"id":118897},"what-can-cause-errors","What can cause errors",[20,118900,118901,118902,914],{},"A few common problems happen when using ",[15,118903,74350],{},[373,118905,118907],{"id":118906},"mixing-values-that-cannot-be-compared","Mixing values that cannot be compared",[20,118909,118910,118911,2826],{},"This can raise a ",[15,118912,2947],{},[38,118914,118916],{"className":40,"code":118915,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [1, \"2\", 3]\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,118917,118918,118942],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,118919,118920,118922,118924,118926,118928,118930,118932,118934,118936,118938,118940],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118921,3758],{"class":53},[47,118923,58],{"class":57},[47,118925,662],{"class":77},[47,118927,665],{"class":61},[47,118929,668],{"class":77},[47,118931,303],{"class":151},[47,118933,2016],{"class":155},[47,118935,309],{"class":151},[47,118937,668],{"class":77},[47,118939,676],{"class":61},[47,118941,679],{"class":77},[47,118943,118944,118946,118948,118950,118952,118954],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,118945,99],{"class":98},[47,118947,78],{"class":77},[47,118949,74440],{"class":98},[47,118951,78],{"class":77},[47,118953,5291],{"class":81},[47,118955,123],{"class":77},[20,118957,118958],{},"Python cannot sort integers and strings together in the normal way.",[373,118960,118962,118963,366],{"id":118961},"using-the-wrong-key-function","Using the wrong ",[15,118964,14776],{},[20,118966,118967],{},"If your key function does something invalid for the item type, you may get an error.",[20,118969,800],{},[38,118971,118973],{"className":40,"code":118972,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 2, 30]\nprint(sorted(numbers, key=len))\n",[15,118974,118975,118995],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,118976,118977,118979,118981,118983,118985,118987,118989,118991,118993],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118978,3554],{"class":53},[47,118980,58],{"class":57},[47,118982,662],{"class":77},[47,118984,193],{"class":61},[47,118986,668],{"class":77},[47,118988,671],{"class":61},[47,118990,668],{"class":77},[47,118992,7727],{"class":61},[47,118994,679],{"class":77},[47,118996,118997,118999,119001,119003,119005,119007,119009,119011,119013,119015],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,118998,99],{"class":98},[47,119000,78],{"class":77},[47,119002,74440],{"class":98},[47,119004,78],{"class":77},[47,119006,3584],{"class":81},[47,119008,668],{"class":77},[47,119010,21515],{"class":9108},[47,119012,58],{"class":57},[47,119014,11095],{"class":98},[47,119016,123],{"class":77},[20,119018,48436,119019,119021],{},[15,119020,42292],{}," does not work on integers.",[373,119023,119025],{"id":119024},"expecting-the-original-list-to-change","Expecting the original list to change",[20,119027,119028],{},"This is not a syntax error, but it is a very common beginner mistake:",[38,119030,119032],{"className":40,"code":119031,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,119033,119034,119054,119064,119068],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,119035,119036,119038,119040,119042,119044,119046,119048,119050,119052],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,119037,3554],{"class":53},[47,119039,58],{"class":57},[47,119041,662],{"class":77},[47,119043,2021],{"class":61},[47,119045,668],{"class":77},[47,119047,5431],{"class":61},[47,119049,668],{"class":77},[47,119051,671],{"class":61},[47,119053,679],{"class":77},[47,119055,119056,119058,119060,119062],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,119057,74440],{"class":98},[47,119059,78],{"class":77},[47,119061,3584],{"class":81},[47,119063,85],{"class":77},[47,119065,119066],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,119067,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,119069,119070,119072,119074,119076],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,119071,99],{"class":98},[47,119073,78],{"class":77},[47,119075,3584],{"class":81},[47,119077,85],{"class":77},[20,119079,129],{},[38,119081,119083],{"className":40,"code":119082,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[3, 1, 2]\n",[15,119084,119085],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,119086,119087,119089,119091,119093,119095,119097,119099],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,119088,736],{"class":77},[47,119090,2021],{"class":61},[47,119092,668],{"class":77},[47,119094,5431],{"class":61},[47,119096,668],{"class":77},[47,119098,671],{"class":61},[47,119100,679],{"class":77},[20,119102,119103],{},"If you do not save the result, the original list stays the same.",[33,119105,2775],{"id":2774},[185,119107,119108,119112,119115,119120,119124],{},[188,119109,4514,119110,73888],{},[15,119111,74350],{},[188,119113,119114],{},"Trying to sort mixed types like integers and strings together",[188,119116,4639,119117,119119],{},[15,119118,74350],{}," always returns a list",[188,119121,1335,119122,23038],{},[15,119123,118572],{},[188,119125,29584,119126,119128,119129],{},[15,119127,64239],{}," on a non-list object instead of using ",[15,119130,74350],{},[20,119132,119133],{},"These quick checks can help while debugging:",[38,119135,119137],{"className":40,"code":119136,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(sorted([3, 1, 2]))\nprint(type(sorted((3, 1, 2))))\nprint(sorted(['Banana', 'apple'], key=str.lower))\nprint(sorted([3, 1, 2], reverse=True))\n",[15,119138,119139,119161,119187,119225],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,119140,119141,119143,119145,119147,119149,119151,119153,119155,119157,119159],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,119142,99],{"class":98},[47,119144,78],{"class":77},[47,119146,74440],{"class":98},[47,119148,2928],{"class":77},[47,119150,2021],{"class":61},[47,119152,668],{"class":77},[47,119154,5431],{"class":61},[47,119156,668],{"class":77},[47,119158,671],{"class":61},[47,119160,2941],{"class":77},[47,119162,119163,119165,119167,119169,119171,119173,119175,119177,119179,119181,119183,119185],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,119164,99],{"class":98},[47,119166,78],{"class":77},[47,119168,116],{"class":73},[47,119170,78],{"class":77},[47,119172,74440],{"class":98},[47,119174,5444],{"class":77},[47,119176,2021],{"class":61},[47,119178,668],{"class":77},[47,119180,5431],{"class":61},[47,119182,668],{"class":77},[47,119184,671],{"class":61},[47,119186,93283],{"class":77},[47,119188,119189,119191,119193,119195,119197,119199,119201,119203,119205,119207,119209,119211,119213,119215,119217,119219,119221,119223],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,119190,99],{"class":98},[47,119192,78],{"class":77},[47,119194,74440],{"class":98},[47,119196,2928],{"class":77},[47,119198,159],{"class":151},[47,119200,83287],{"class":155},[47,119202,159],{"class":151},[47,119204,668],{"class":77},[47,119206,152],{"class":151},[47,119208,1425],{"class":155},[47,119210,159],{"class":151},[47,119212,17997],{"class":77},[47,119214,21515],{"class":9108},[47,119216,58],{"class":57},[47,119218,156],{"class":73},[47,119220,914],{"class":77},[47,119222,8571],{"class":24685},[47,119224,123],{"class":77},[47,119226,119227,119229,119231,119233,119235,119237,119239,119241,119243,119245,119247,119249,119251,119253],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,119228,99],{"class":98},[47,119230,78],{"class":77},[47,119232,74440],{"class":98},[47,119234,2928],{"class":77},[47,119236,2021],{"class":61},[47,119238,668],{"class":77},[47,119240,5431],{"class":61},[47,119242,668],{"class":77},[47,119244,671],{"class":61},[47,119246,17997],{"class":77},[47,119248,77994],{"class":9108},[47,119250,58],{"class":57},[47,119252,212],{"class":571},[47,119254,123],{"class":77},[20,119256,119257,119258,914],{},"If Python raises an error because values cannot be compared, that is often a type problem in your data. You may also want to review common list behavior in ",[360,119259,52698],{"href":50905},[33,119261,1762],{"id":1761},[373,119263,1776,119265,57091],{"id":119264},"does-sorted-change-the-original-list",[15,119266,74350],{},[20,119268,119269],{},"No. It returns a new sorted list and leaves the original list unchanged.",[373,119271,1766,119273,12649],{"id":119272},"what-does-sorted-return",[15,119274,74350],{},[20,119276,119277],{},"It always returns a new list, even if you sort a tuple, set, or string.",[373,119279,119281,119282,11025,119284,1812],{"id":119280},"when-should-i-use-sorted-instead-of-listsort","When should I use ",[15,119283,74350],{},[15,119285,77791],{},[20,119287,165,119288,119290],{},[15,119289,74350],{}," when you want a new list or when your data is not a list.",[373,119292,1766,119294,86374,119296,1812],{"id":119293},"what-does-key-do-in-sorted",[15,119295,118572],{},[15,119297,74350],{},[20,119299,119300],{},"It tells Python what value to use when comparing each item during sorting.",[373,119302,5090,119304,119306,119307,1812],{"id":119303},"why-does-sorted-give-a-typeerror",[15,119305,74350],{}," give a ",[15,119308,2947],{},[20,119310,119311],{},"Usually because the items cannot be compared directly, such as mixing strings and integers.",[33,119313,1825],{"id":1824},[185,119315,119316,119320,119328,119332,119338,119344],{},[188,119317,119318],{},[360,119319,79797],{"href":78300},[188,119321,119322],{},[360,119323,13,119324,920,119326,5717],{"href":79049},[15,119325,74350],{},[15,119327,77791],{},[188,119329,119330],{},[360,119331,52698],{"href":50905},[188,119333,119334],{},[360,119335,13,119336,1834],{"href":42289},[15,119337,42292],{},[188,119339,119340],{},[360,119341,13,119342,1834],{"href":91939},[15,119343,35683],{},[188,119345,119346],{},[360,119347,13,119348,1834],{"href":36129},[15,119349,36132],{},[1875,119351,119352],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":65,"depth":65,"links":119354},[119355,119356,119358,119361,119362,119369,119371,119373,119375,119381,119382,119394],{"id":3543,"depth":65,"text":3544},{"id":117635,"depth":65,"text":119357},"What sorted() does",{"id":244,"depth":65,"text":245,"children":119359},[119360],{"id":17330,"depth":88,"text":17331},{"id":11408,"depth":65,"text":11409},{"id":117874,"depth":65,"text":117875,"children":119363},[119364,119365,119366,119367,119368],{"id":8025,"depth":88,"text":117883},{"id":48878,"depth":88,"text":117947},{"id":6222,"depth":88,"text":118044},{"id":61102,"depth":88,"text":118108},{"id":15539,"depth":88,"text":29157},{"id":118313,"depth":65,"text":119370},"Using reverse=True",{"id":118569,"depth":65,"text":119372},"Using key= for custom sorting",{"id":118841,"depth":65,"text":119374},"sorted() vs list.sort()",{"id":118897,"depth":65,"text":118898,"children":119376},[119377,119378,119380],{"id":118906,"depth":88,"text":118907},{"id":118961,"depth":88,"text":119379},"Using the wrong key function",{"id":119024,"depth":88,"text":119025},{"id":2774,"depth":65,"text":2775},{"id":1761,"depth":65,"text":1762,"children":119383},[119384,119386,119388,119390,119392],{"id":119264,"depth":88,"text":119385},"Does sorted() change the original list?",{"id":119272,"depth":88,"text":119387},"What does sorted() return?",{"id":119280,"depth":88,"text":119389},"When should I use sorted() instead of list.sort()?",{"id":119293,"depth":88,"text":119391},"What does key= do in sorted()?",{"id":119303,"depth":88,"text":119393},"Why does sorted() give a TypeError?",{"id":1824,"depth":65,"text":1825},"Master python sorted function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained",{"title":117537,"description":119395},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained","LQH2I83gor3v6qTZiOQhBtX1q59uADx_8T7BkBYcca8",{"id":119402,"title":119403,"body":119404,"description":121515,"extension":1922,"meta":121516,"navigation":91,"path":79049,"seo":121517,"stem":121518,"__hash__":121519},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained.md","Python sorted() vs list.sort() Explained",{"type":7,"value":119405,"toc":121462},[119406,119413,119416,119426,119432,119435,119453,119461,119463,119522,119530,119534,119556,119560,119564,119566,119583,119585,119597,119603,119687,119691,119738,119744,119751,119755,119760,119762,119774,119779,119832,119836,119856,119863,119870,119874,119877,119896,119900,120014,120018,120088,120090,120102,120107,120111,120124,120128,120203,120207,120246,120253,120259,120264,120268,120282,120286,120351,120355,120388,120391,120396,120404,120411,120424,120427,120431,120514,120518,120555,120559,120662,120666,120727,120732,120739,120743,120746,120752,120755,120822,120826,120850,120852,120870,120877,120930,120934,120954,120960,120962,121019,121026,121052,121057,121062,121070,121076,121136,121140,121187,121190,121192,121195,121221,121224,121317,121319,121339,121343,121346,121364,121370,121372,121380,121385,121392,121395,121401,121404,121410,121418,121426,121431,121433,121459],[10,119407,13,119409,920,119411,92997],{"id":119408},"python-sorted-vs-listsort-explained",[15,119410,74350],{},[15,119412,77791],{},[20,119414,119415],{},"Python gives you two common ways to sort values:",[185,119417,119418,119422],{},[188,119419,119420],{},[15,119421,74350],{},[188,119423,119424],{},[15,119425,77791],{},[20,119427,119428,119429,119431],{},"They look similar, but they do ",[127,119430,768],{}," behave the same way.",[20,119433,119434],{},"The main difference is simple:",[185,119436,119437,119445],{},[188,119438,165,119439,119441,119442],{},[15,119440,74350],{}," when you want a ",[127,119443,119444],{},"new sorted result",[188,119446,165,119447,119449,119450],{},[15,119448,77791],{}," when you want to ",[127,119451,119452],{},"change the original list",[20,119454,119455,119456,2346,119458,119460],{},"This matters a lot for beginners, especially when ",[15,119457,77791],{},[15,119459,3713],{}," and causes confusion.",[33,119462,3544],{"id":3543},[38,119464,119466],{"className":40,"code":119465,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)   # returns a new sorted list\nnumbers.sort()              # sorts the original list in place\n",[15,119467,119468,119488,119492,119509],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,119469,119470,119472,119474,119476,119478,119480,119482,119484,119486],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,119471,3554],{"class":53},[47,119473,58],{"class":57},[47,119475,662],{"class":77},[47,119477,2021],{"class":61},[47,119479,668],{"class":77},[47,119481,5431],{"class":61},[47,119483,668],{"class":77},[47,119485,671],{"class":61},[47,119487,679],{"class":77},[47,119489,119490],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,119491,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,119493,119494,119496,119498,119500,119502,119504,119506],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,119495,55817],{"class":53},[47,119497,58],{"class":57},[47,119499,74484],{"class":98},[47,119501,78],{"class":77},[47,119503,3584],{"class":81},[47,119505,862],{"class":77},[47,119507,119508],{"class":1378},"   # returns a new sorted list\n",[47,119510,119511,119513,119515,119517,119519],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,119512,3584],{"class":53},[47,119514,914],{"class":77},[47,119516,34732],{"class":81},[47,119518,7298],{"class":77},[47,119520,119521],{"class":1378},"              # sorts the original list in place\n",[20,119523,165,119524,119526,119527,119529],{},[15,119525,74350],{}," when you want a new result. Use ",[15,119528,77791],{}," when you want to change the existing list.",[33,119531,119533],{"id":119532},"what-this-page-helps-you-decide","What this page helps you decide",[185,119535,119536,119541,119546,119553],{},[188,119537,165,119538,119540],{},[15,119539,74350],{}," to get a new sorted list",[188,119542,165,119543,119545],{},[15,119544,77791],{}," to sort an existing list in place",[188,119547,119548,119549,2346,119551],{},"Understand why ",[15,119550,77791],{},[15,119552,3713],{},[188,119554,119555],{},"See when each option is better for beginner code",[33,119557,172,119558,175],{"id":117635},[15,119559,74350],{},[20,119561,119562,62853],{},[15,119563,74350],{},[20,119565,48852],{},[185,119567,119568,119574,119580],{},[188,119569,119570,119571],{},"returns a ",[127,119572,119573],{},"new list",[188,119575,119576,119577,119579],{},"does ",[127,119578,768],{}," change the original data",[188,119581,119582],{},"works with many iterable objects, not just lists",[20,119584,51059],{},[185,119586,119587,119589,119591,119593,119595],{},[188,119588,5232],{},[188,119590,5235],{},[188,119592,5241],{},[188,119594,5238],{},[188,119596,35844],{},[373,119598,35011,119600,119602],{"id":119599},"example-sorted-keeps-the-original-list-unchanged",[15,119601,74350],{}," keeps the original list unchanged",[38,119604,119606],{"className":40,"code":119605,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(\"original:\", numbers)\nprint(\"sorted result:\", result)\n",[15,119607,119608,119628,119632,119646,119650,119668],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,119609,119610,119612,119614,119616,119618,119620,119622,119624,119626],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,119611,3554],{"class":53},[47,119613,58],{"class":57},[47,119615,662],{"class":77},[47,119617,2021],{"class":61},[47,119619,668],{"class":77},[47,119621,5431],{"class":61},[47,119623,668],{"class":77},[47,119625,671],{"class":61},[47,119627,679],{"class":77},[47,119629,119630],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,119631,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,119633,119634,119636,119638,119640,119642,119644],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,119635,2184],{"class":53},[47,119637,58],{"class":57},[47,119639,74484],{"class":98},[47,119641,78],{"class":77},[47,119643,3584],{"class":81},[47,119645,85],{"class":77},[47,119647,119648],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,119649,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,119651,119652,119654,119656,119658,119660,119662,119664,119666],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,119653,99],{"class":98},[47,119655,78],{"class":77},[47,119657,309],{"class":151},[47,119659,12088],{"class":155},[47,119661,309],{"class":151},[47,119663,668],{"class":77},[47,119665,4198],{"class":81},[47,119667,85],{"class":77},[47,119669,119670,119672,119674,119676,119679,119681,119683,119685],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,119671,99],{"class":98},[47,119673,78],{"class":77},[47,119675,309],{"class":151},[47,119677,119678],{"class":155},"sorted result:",[47,119680,309],{"class":151},[47,119682,668],{"class":77},[47,119684,81141],{"class":81},[47,119686,85],{"class":77},[20,119688,119689],{},[127,119690,129],{},[38,119692,119694],{"className":40,"code":119693,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original: [3, 1, 2]\nsorted result: [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,119695,119696,119716],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,119697,119698,119700,119702,119704,119706,119708,119710,119712,119714],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,119699,12067],{"class":53},[47,119701,2826],{"class":77},[47,119703,662],{"class":77},[47,119705,2021],{"class":61},[47,119707,668],{"class":77},[47,119709,5431],{"class":61},[47,119711,668],{"class":77},[47,119713,671],{"class":61},[47,119715,679],{"class":77},[47,119717,119718,119720,119722,119724,119726,119728,119730,119732,119734,119736],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,119719,74440],{"class":98},[47,119721,81141],{"class":53},[47,119723,2826],{"class":77},[47,119725,662],{"class":77},[47,119727,665],{"class":61},[47,119729,668],{"class":77},[47,119731,671],{"class":61},[47,119733,668],{"class":77},[47,119735,676],{"class":61},[47,119737,679],{"class":77},[20,119739,119740,119741,119743],{},"The important part is that ",[15,119742,3584],{}," stays the same.",[20,119745,119746,119747,914],{},"If you want a full function-focused explanation, see ",[360,119748,13,119749,1834],{"href":74447},[15,119750,74350],{},[33,119752,172,119753,175],{"id":77857},[15,119754,77791],{},[20,119756,119757,119759],{},[15,119758,64239],{}," is a method that belongs to lists.",[20,119761,48852],{},[185,119763,119764,119767,119770],{},[188,119765,119766],{},"changes the original list directly",[188,119768,119769],{},"only works on lists",[188,119771,3626,119772],{},[15,119773,3713],{},[373,119775,35011,119777,73888],{"id":119776},"example-listsort-changes-the-original-list",[15,119778,77791],{},[38,119780,119782],{"className":40,"code":119781,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,119783,119784,119804,119808,119818,119822],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,119785,119786,119788,119790,119792,119794,119796,119798,119800,119802],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,119787,3554],{"class":53},[47,119789,58],{"class":57},[47,119791,662],{"class":77},[47,119793,2021],{"class":61},[47,119795,668],{"class":77},[47,119797,5431],{"class":61},[47,119799,668],{"class":77},[47,119801,671],{"class":61},[47,119803,679],{"class":77},[47,119805,119806],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,119807,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,119809,119810,119812,119814,119816],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,119811,3584],{"class":53},[47,119813,914],{"class":77},[47,119815,34732],{"class":81},[47,119817,8574],{"class":77},[47,119819,119820],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,119821,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,119823,119824,119826,119828,119830],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,119825,99],{"class":98},[47,119827,78],{"class":77},[47,119829,3584],{"class":81},[47,119831,85],{"class":77},[20,119833,119834],{},[127,119835,129],{},[38,119837,119838],{"className":40,"code":55077,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,119839,119840],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,119841,119842,119844,119846,119848,119850,119852,119854],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,119843,736],{"class":77},[47,119845,665],{"class":61},[47,119847,668],{"class":77},[47,119849,671],{"class":61},[47,119851,668],{"class":77},[47,119853,676],{"class":61},[47,119855,679],{"class":77},[20,119857,119858,119859,119862],{},"After calling ",[15,119860,119861],{},"numbers.sort()",", the list itself is changed.",[20,119864,119865,119866,914],{},"For a method-specific reference page, see ",[360,119867,13,119868,10673],{"href":74701},[15,119869,77791],{},[33,119871,119873],{"id":119872},"main-difference-at-a-glance","Main difference at a glance",[20,119875,119876],{},"Here is the core difference:",[185,119878,119879,119888],{},[188,119880,119881,119884,119885],{},[15,119882,119883],{},"sorted(iterable)"," → returns a ",[127,119886,119887],{},"new sorted list",[188,119889,119890,119893,119894,74258],{},[15,119891,119892],{},"my_list.sort()"," → changes ",[15,119895,8270],{},[373,119897,119899],{"id":119898},"side-by-side-example","Side-by-side example",[38,119901,119903],{"className":40,"code":119902,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [5, 2, 4]\n\na = sorted(numbers)\nprint(\"numbers after sorted():\", numbers)\nprint(\"a:\", a)\n\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(\"numbers after sort():\", numbers)\n",[15,119904,119905,119925,119929,119943,119962,119981,119985,119995],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,119906,119907,119909,119911,119913,119915,119917,119919,119921,119923],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,119908,3554],{"class":53},[47,119910,58],{"class":57},[47,119912,662],{"class":77},[47,119914,2094],{"class":61},[47,119916,668],{"class":77},[47,119918,671],{"class":61},[47,119920,668],{"class":77},[47,119922,2404],{"class":61},[47,119924,679],{"class":77},[47,119926,119927],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,119928,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,119930,119931,119933,119935,119937,119939,119941],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,119932,2501],{"class":53},[47,119934,58],{"class":57},[47,119936,74484],{"class":98},[47,119938,78],{"class":77},[47,119940,3584],{"class":81},[47,119942,85],{"class":77},[47,119944,119945,119947,119949,119951,119954,119956,119958,119960],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,119946,99],{"class":98},[47,119948,78],{"class":77},[47,119950,309],{"class":151},[47,119952,119953],{"class":155},"numbers after sorted():",[47,119955,309],{"class":151},[47,119957,668],{"class":77},[47,119959,4198],{"class":81},[47,119961,85],{"class":77},[47,119963,119964,119966,119968,119970,119973,119975,119977,119979],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,119965,99],{"class":98},[47,119967,78],{"class":77},[47,119969,309],{"class":151},[47,119971,119972],{"class":155},"a:",[47,119974,309],{"class":151},[47,119976,668],{"class":77},[47,119978,56815],{"class":81},[47,119980,85],{"class":77},[47,119982,119983],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,119984,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,119986,119987,119989,119991,119993],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,119988,3584],{"class":53},[47,119990,914],{"class":77},[47,119992,34732],{"class":81},[47,119994,8574],{"class":77},[47,119996,119997,119999,120001,120003,120006,120008,120010,120012],{"class":49,"line":1734},[47,119998,99],{"class":98},[47,120000,78],{"class":77},[47,120002,309],{"class":151},[47,120004,120005],{"class":155},"numbers after sort():",[47,120007,309],{"class":151},[47,120009,668],{"class":77},[47,120011,4198],{"class":81},[47,120013,85],{"class":77},[20,120015,120016],{},[127,120017,129],{},[38,120019,120021],{"className":40,"code":120020,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers after sorted(): [5, 2, 4]\na: [2, 4, 5]\nnumbers after sort(): [2, 4, 5]\n",[15,120022,120023,120046,120066],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,120024,120025,120028,120030,120032,120034,120036,120038,120040,120042,120044],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,120026,120027],{"class":53},"numbers after ",[47,120029,74440],{"class":98},[47,120031,29518],{"class":77},[47,120033,662],{"class":77},[47,120035,2094],{"class":61},[47,120037,668],{"class":77},[47,120039,671],{"class":61},[47,120041,668],{"class":77},[47,120043,2404],{"class":61},[47,120045,679],{"class":77},[47,120047,120048,120050,120052,120054,120056,120058,120060,120062,120064],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,120049,360],{"class":53},[47,120051,2826],{"class":77},[47,120053,662],{"class":77},[47,120055,2016],{"class":61},[47,120057,668],{"class":77},[47,120059,2404],{"class":61},[47,120061,668],{"class":77},[47,120063,4540],{"class":61},[47,120065,679],{"class":77},[47,120067,120068,120070,120072,120074,120076,120078,120080,120082,120084,120086],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,120069,120027],{"class":53},[47,120071,34732],{"class":81},[47,120073,29518],{"class":77},[47,120075,662],{"class":77},[47,120077,2016],{"class":61},[47,120079,668],{"class":77},[47,120081,2404],{"class":61},[47,120083,668],{"class":77},[47,120085,4540],{"class":61},[47,120087,679],{"class":77},[20,120089,10645],{},[185,120091,120092,120097],{},[188,120093,120094,120096],{},[15,120095,74350],{}," keeps the original data unchanged",[188,120098,120099,120101],{},[15,120100,64239],{}," is useful when you do not need the original order anymore",[33,120103,773,120105],{"id":120104},"when-to-use-sorted",[15,120106,74350],{},[20,120108,165,120109,10533],{},[15,120110,74350],{},[185,120112,120113,120116,120118,120121],{},[188,120114,120115],{},"you want to keep the original list unchanged",[188,120117,118885],{},[188,120119,120120],{},"you want to store the result in a new variable",[188,120122,120123],{},"you want clearer code that is easy to read",[373,120125,120127],{"id":120126},"example-sorting-a-tuple","Example: sorting a tuple",[38,120129,120131],{"className":40,"code":120130,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (4, 1, 3, 2)\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,120132,120133,120157,120161,120175,120179,120189],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,120134,120135,120137,120139,120141,120143,120145,120147,120149,120151,120153,120155],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,120136,3554],{"class":53},[47,120138,58],{"class":57},[47,120140,9169],{"class":77},[47,120142,2451],{"class":61},[47,120144,668],{"class":77},[47,120146,5431],{"class":61},[47,120148,668],{"class":77},[47,120150,676],{"class":61},[47,120152,668],{"class":77},[47,120154,671],{"class":61},[47,120156,85],{"class":77},[47,120158,120159],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,120160,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,120162,120163,120165,120167,120169,120171,120173],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,120164,2184],{"class":53},[47,120166,58],{"class":57},[47,120168,74484],{"class":98},[47,120170,78],{"class":77},[47,120172,3584],{"class":81},[47,120174,85],{"class":77},[47,120176,120177],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,120178,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,120180,120181,120183,120185,120187],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,120182,99],{"class":98},[47,120184,78],{"class":77},[47,120186,2218],{"class":81},[47,120188,85],{"class":77},[47,120190,120191,120193,120195,120197,120199,120201],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,120192,99],{"class":98},[47,120194,78],{"class":77},[47,120196,116],{"class":73},[47,120198,78],{"class":77},[47,120200,2218],{"class":81},[47,120202,123],{"class":77},[20,120204,120205],{},[127,120206,129],{},[38,120208,120210],{"className":40,"code":120209,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,120211,120212,120232],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,120213,120214,120216,120218,120220,120222,120224,120226,120228,120230],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,120215,736],{"class":77},[47,120217,665],{"class":61},[47,120219,668],{"class":77},[47,120221,671],{"class":61},[47,120223,668],{"class":77},[47,120225,676],{"class":61},[47,120227,668],{"class":77},[47,120229,2404],{"class":61},[47,120231,679],{"class":77},[47,120233,120234,120236,120238,120240,120242,120244],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,120235,144],{"class":57},[47,120237,148],{"class":147},[47,120239,152],{"class":151},[47,120241,8025],{"class":155},[47,120243,159],{"class":151},[47,120245,162],{"class":57},[20,120247,2240,120248,120250,120251,914],{},[15,120249,74350],{}," can sort a tuple, but the result is a ",[127,120252,8025],{},[20,120254,120255,120256,120258],{},"If you are still learning list behavior, ",[360,120257,52698],{"href":50905}," is a helpful next step.",[33,120260,773,120262],{"id":120261},"when-to-use-listsort",[15,120263,77791],{},[20,120265,165,120266,10533],{},[15,120267,77791],{},[185,120269,120270,120273,120276,120279],{},[188,120271,120272],{},"you already have a list",[188,120274,120275],{},"you want to update that list directly",[188,120277,120278],{},"you do not need the original order anymore",[188,120280,120281],{},"you want a simple in-place change",[373,120283,120285],{"id":120284},"example-sorting-one-list-directly","Example: sorting one list directly",[38,120287,120289],{"className":40,"code":120288,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = [\"Charlie\", \"Alice\", \"Bob\"]\n\nnames.sort()\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,120290,120291,120323,120327,120337,120341],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,120292,120293,120295,120297,120299,120301,120303,120305,120307,120309,120311,120313,120315,120317,120319,120321],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,120294,4929],{"class":53},[47,120296,58],{"class":57},[47,120298,662],{"class":77},[47,120300,309],{"class":151},[47,120302,4956],{"class":155},[47,120304,309],{"class":151},[47,120306,668],{"class":77},[47,120308,303],{"class":151},[47,120310,4938],{"class":155},[47,120312,309],{"class":151},[47,120314,668],{"class":77},[47,120316,303],{"class":151},[47,120318,4947],{"class":155},[47,120320,309],{"class":151},[47,120322,679],{"class":77},[47,120324,120325],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,120326,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,120328,120329,120331,120333,120335],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,120330,4973],{"class":53},[47,120332,914],{"class":77},[47,120334,34732],{"class":81},[47,120336,8574],{"class":77},[47,120338,120339],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,120340,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,120342,120343,120345,120347,120349],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,120344,99],{"class":98},[47,120346,78],{"class":77},[47,120348,4973],{"class":81},[47,120350,85],{"class":77},[20,120352,120353],{},[127,120354,129],{},[38,120356,120358],{"className":40,"code":120357,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\n",[15,120359,120360],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,120361,120362,120364,120366,120368,120370,120372,120374,120376,120378,120380,120382,120384,120386],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,120363,736],{"class":77},[47,120365,159],{"class":151},[47,120367,4938],{"class":155},[47,120369,159],{"class":151},[47,120371,668],{"class":77},[47,120373,152],{"class":151},[47,120375,4947],{"class":155},[47,120377,159],{"class":151},[47,120379,668],{"class":77},[47,120381,152],{"class":151},[47,120383,4956],{"class":155},[47,120385,159],{"class":151},[47,120387,679],{"class":77},[20,120389,120390],{},"This is a good choice when you only need the list in sorted form and do not care about keeping the old order.",[20,120392,120393,120394,914],{},"If your goal is the task itself, see ",[360,120395,79797],{"href":78300},[33,120397,120399,4329,120401,120403],{"id":120398},"reverse-and-key-work-with-both",[15,120400,73503],{},[15,120402,14776],{}," work with both",[20,120405,10522,120406,4329,120408,120410],{},[15,120407,74350],{},[15,120409,77791],{}," support:",[185,120412,120413,120418],{},[188,120414,120415,120417],{},[15,120416,78015],{}," for descending order",[188,120419,120420,120423],{},[15,120421,120422],{},"key=..."," for custom sorting rules",[20,120425,120426],{},"The sorting behavior is very similar. The main difference is still whether you get a new list or change the original one.",[373,120428,120430],{"id":120429},"example-descending-order","Example: descending order",[38,120432,120434],{"className":40,"code":120433,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120435,120436,120456,120460,120482,120486,120504],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,120437,120438,120440,120442,120444,120446,120448,120450,120452,120454],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,120439,3554],{"class":53},[47,120441,58],{"class":57},[47,120443,662],{"class":77},[47,120445,2021],{"class":61},[47,120447,668],{"class":77},[47,120449,5431],{"class":61},[47,120451,668],{"class":77},[47,120453,671],{"class":61},[47,120455,679],{"class":77},[47,120457,120458],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,120459,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,120461,120462,120464,120466,120468,120470,120472,120474,120476,120478,120480],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,120463,99],{"class":98},[47,120465,78],{"class":77},[47,120467,74440],{"class":98},[47,120469,78],{"class":77},[47,120471,3584],{"class":81},[47,120473,668],{"class":77},[47,120475,77994],{"class":9108},[47,120477,58],{"class":57},[47,120479,212],{"class":571},[47,120481,123],{"class":77},[47,120483,120484],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,120485,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,120487,120488,120490,120492,120494,120496,120498,120500,120502],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,120489,3584],{"class":53},[47,120491,914],{"class":77},[47,120493,34732],{"class":81},[47,120495,78],{"class":77},[47,120497,73503],{"class":9108},[47,120499,58],{"class":57},[47,120501,212],{"class":571},[47,120503,85],{"class":77},[47,120505,120506,120508,120510,120512],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,120507,99],{"class":98},[47,120509,78],{"class":77},[47,120511,3584],{"class":81},[47,120513,85],{"class":77},[20,120515,120516],{},[127,120517,129],{},[38,120519,120521],{"className":40,"code":120520,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[3, 2, 1]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,120522,120523,120539],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,120524,120525,120527,120529,120531,120533,120535,120537],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,120526,736],{"class":77},[47,120528,2021],{"class":61},[47,120530,668],{"class":77},[47,120532,671],{"class":61},[47,120534,668],{"class":77},[47,120536,5431],{"class":61},[47,120538,679],{"class":77},[47,120540,120541,120543,120545,120547,120549,120551,120553],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,120542,736],{"class":77},[47,120544,2021],{"class":61},[47,120546,668],{"class":77},[47,120548,671],{"class":61},[47,120550,668],{"class":77},[47,120552,5431],{"class":61},[47,120554,679],{"class":77},[373,120556,120558],{"id":120557},"example-case-insensitive-sorting","Example: case-insensitive sorting",[38,120560,120562],{"className":40,"code":120561,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words, key=str.lower))\n\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\nprint(words)\n",[15,120563,120564,120596,120600,120626,120630,120652],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,120565,120566,120568,120570,120572,120574,120576,120578,120580,120582,120584,120586,120588,120590,120592,120594],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,120567,4006],{"class":53},[47,120569,58],{"class":57},[47,120571,662],{"class":77},[47,120573,309],{"class":151},[47,120575,83287],{"class":155},[47,120577,309],{"class":151},[47,120579,668],{"class":77},[47,120581,303],{"class":151},[47,120583,1425],{"class":155},[47,120585,309],{"class":151},[47,120587,668],{"class":77},[47,120589,303],{"class":151},[47,120591,118750],{"class":155},[47,120593,309],{"class":151},[47,120595,679],{"class":77},[47,120597,120598],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,120599,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,120601,120602,120604,120606,120608,120610,120612,120614,120616,120618,120620,120622,120624],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,120603,99],{"class":98},[47,120605,78],{"class":77},[47,120607,74440],{"class":98},[47,120609,78],{"class":77},[47,120611,4048],{"class":81},[47,120613,668],{"class":77},[47,120615,21515],{"class":9108},[47,120617,58],{"class":57},[47,120619,156],{"class":73},[47,120621,914],{"class":77},[47,120623,8571],{"class":24685},[47,120625,123],{"class":77},[47,120627,120628],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,120629,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,120631,120632,120634,120636,120638,120640,120642,120644,120646,120648,120650],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,120633,4048],{"class":53},[47,120635,914],{"class":77},[47,120637,34732],{"class":81},[47,120639,78],{"class":77},[47,120641,14776],{"class":9108},[47,120643,58],{"class":57},[47,120645,156],{"class":73},[47,120647,914],{"class":77},[47,120649,8571],{"class":24685},[47,120651,85],{"class":77},[47,120653,120654,120656,120658,120660],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,120655,99],{"class":98},[47,120657,78],{"class":77},[47,120659,4048],{"class":81},[47,120661,85],{"class":77},[20,120663,120664],{},[127,120665,129],{},[38,120667,120669],{"className":40,"code":120668,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,120670,120671,120699],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,120672,120673,120675,120677,120679,120681,120683,120685,120687,120689,120691,120693,120695,120697],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,120674,736],{"class":77},[47,120676,159],{"class":151},[47,120678,1425],{"class":155},[47,120680,159],{"class":151},[47,120682,668],{"class":77},[47,120684,152],{"class":151},[47,120686,83287],{"class":155},[47,120688,159],{"class":151},[47,120690,668],{"class":77},[47,120692,152],{"class":151},[47,120694,118750],{"class":155},[47,120696,159],{"class":151},[47,120698,679],{"class":77},[47,120700,120701,120703,120705,120707,120709,120711,120713,120715,120717,120719,120721,120723,120725],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,120702,736],{"class":77},[47,120704,159],{"class":151},[47,120706,1425],{"class":155},[47,120708,159],{"class":151},[47,120710,668],{"class":77},[47,120712,152],{"class":151},[47,120714,83287],{"class":155},[47,120716,159],{"class":151},[47,120718,668],{"class":77},[47,120720,152],{"class":151},[47,120722,118750],{"class":155},[47,120724,159],{"class":151},[47,120726,679],{"class":77},[20,120728,1335,120729,120731],{},[15,120730,78509],{}," tells Python to compare words in lowercase form.",[20,120733,120734,120735,914],{},"For more advanced custom sorting, especially with dictionaries, see ",[360,120736,120738],{"href":120737},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-of-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","How to sort a list of dictionaries in Python",[33,120740,120742],{"id":120741},"beginner-mistakes-to-watch-for","Beginner mistakes to watch for",[20,120744,120745],{},"These are the most common problems beginners run into.",[373,120747,120749,120750,12531],{"id":120748},"mistake-1-assigning-listsort-to-a-variable","Mistake 1: Assigning ",[15,120751,77791],{},[20,120753,120754],{},"This is probably the most common one.",[38,120756,120758],{"className":40,"code":120757,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120759,120760,120780,120784,120798,120802,120812],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,120761,120762,120764,120766,120768,120770,120772,120774,120776,120778],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,120763,3554],{"class":53},[47,120765,58],{"class":57},[47,120767,662],{"class":77},[47,120769,2021],{"class":61},[47,120771,668],{"class":77},[47,120773,5431],{"class":61},[47,120775,668],{"class":77},[47,120777,671],{"class":61},[47,120779,679],{"class":77},[47,120781,120782],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,120783,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,120785,120786,120788,120790,120792,120794,120796],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,120787,2184],{"class":53},[47,120789,58],{"class":57},[47,120791,4198],{"class":53},[47,120793,914],{"class":77},[47,120795,34732],{"class":81},[47,120797,8574],{"class":77},[47,120799,120800],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,120801,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,120803,120804,120806,120808,120810],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,120805,99],{"class":98},[47,120807,78],{"class":77},[47,120809,2218],{"class":81},[47,120811,85],{"class":77},[47,120813,120814,120816,120818,120820],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,120815,99],{"class":98},[47,120817,78],{"class":77},[47,120819,3584],{"class":81},[47,120821,85],{"class":77},[20,120823,120824],{},[127,120825,129],{},[38,120827,120828],{"className":40,"code":79132,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,120829,120830,120834],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,120831,120832],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,120833,11742],{"class":571},[47,120835,120836,120838,120840,120842,120844,120846,120848],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,120837,736],{"class":77},[47,120839,665],{"class":61},[47,120841,668],{"class":77},[47,120843,671],{"class":61},[47,120845,668],{"class":77},[47,120847,676],{"class":61},[47,120849,679],{"class":77},[20,120851,11834],{},[185,120853,120854,120859,120864],{},[188,120855,120856,120858],{},[15,120857,119861],{}," sorts the list in place",[188,120860,34948,120861,120863],{},[127,120862,768],{}," return the sorted list",[188,120865,89908,120866,194,120868],{},[15,120867,2218],{},[15,120869,3713],{},[373,120871,120873,120874,120876],{"id":120872},"mistake-2-expecting-sorted-to-change-the-original-list","Mistake 2: Expecting ",[15,120875,74350],{}," to change the original list",[38,120878,120880],{"className":40,"code":120879,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120881,120882,120902,120906,120916,120920],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,120883,120884,120886,120888,120890,120892,120894,120896,120898,120900],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,120885,3554],{"class":53},[47,120887,58],{"class":57},[47,120889,662],{"class":77},[47,120891,2021],{"class":61},[47,120893,668],{"class":77},[47,120895,5431],{"class":61},[47,120897,668],{"class":77},[47,120899,671],{"class":61},[47,120901,679],{"class":77},[47,120903,120904],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,120905,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,120907,120908,120910,120912,120914],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,120909,74440],{"class":98},[47,120911,78],{"class":77},[47,120913,3584],{"class":81},[47,120915,85],{"class":77},[47,120917,120918],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,120919,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,120921,120922,120924,120926,120928],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,120923,99],{"class":98},[47,120925,78],{"class":77},[47,120927,3584],{"class":81},[47,120929,85],{"class":77},[20,120931,120932],{},[127,120933,129],{},[38,120935,120936],{"className":40,"code":119082,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,120937,120938],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,120939,120940,120942,120944,120946,120948,120950,120952],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,120941,736],{"class":77},[47,120943,2021],{"class":61},[47,120945,668],{"class":77},[47,120947,5431],{"class":61},[47,120949,668],{"class":77},[47,120951,671],{"class":61},[47,120953,679],{"class":77},[20,120955,120956,120959],{},[15,120957,120958],{},"sorted(numbers)"," creates a new sorted list, but here the result is not saved anywhere.",[20,120961,10740],{},[38,120963,120965],{"className":40,"code":120964,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n",[15,120966,120967,120987,120991,121005,121009],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,120968,120969,120971,120973,120975,120977,120979,120981,120983,120985],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,120970,3554],{"class":53},[47,120972,58],{"class":57},[47,120974,662],{"class":77},[47,120976,2021],{"class":61},[47,120978,668],{"class":77},[47,120980,5431],{"class":61},[47,120982,668],{"class":77},[47,120984,671],{"class":61},[47,120986,679],{"class":77},[47,120988,120989],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,120990,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,120992,120993,120995,120997,120999,121001,121003],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,120994,55569],{"class":53},[47,120996,58],{"class":57},[47,120998,74484],{"class":98},[47,121000,78],{"class":77},[47,121002,3584],{"class":81},[47,121004,85],{"class":77},[47,121006,121007],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,121008,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,121010,121011,121013,121015,121017],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,121012,99],{"class":98},[47,121014,78],{"class":77},[47,121016,55588],{"class":81},[47,121018,85],{"class":77},[373,121020,121022,121023,121025],{"id":121021},"mistake-3-trying-to-call-sort-on-a-tuple-or-string","Mistake 3: Trying to call ",[15,121024,64239],{}," on a tuple or string",[38,121027,121028],{"className":40,"code":79234,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,121029,121030,121042],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,121031,121032,121034,121036,121038,121040],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,121033,68],{"class":53},[47,121035,58],{"class":57},[47,121037,303],{"class":151},[47,121039,42],{"class":155},[47,121041,820],{"class":151},[47,121043,121044,121046,121048,121050],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,121045,104],{"class":53},[47,121047,914],{"class":77},[47,121049,34732],{"class":81},[47,121051,8574],{"class":77},[20,121053,121054,121055,33534],{},"This will fail because strings do not have a ",[15,121056,64239],{},[20,121058,121059,121061],{},[15,121060,64239],{}," only works on lists.",[20,121063,121064,121065,121067,121068,914],{},"If you need to sort other iterable objects, use ",[15,121066,74350],{},". This is easier to understand if you know what an iterable is, so you may also want to read ",[360,121069,5070],{"href":5520},[373,121071,121073,121074,119119],{"id":121072},"mistake-4-forgetting-that-sorted-always-returns-a-list","Mistake 4: Forgetting that ",[15,121075,74350],{},[38,121077,121079],{"className":40,"code":121078,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"cab\"\nresult = sorted(text)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,121080,121081,121094,121108,121112,121122],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,121082,121083,121085,121087,121089,121092],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,121084,68],{"class":53},[47,121086,58],{"class":57},[47,121088,303],{"class":151},[47,121090,121091],{"class":155},"cab",[47,121093,820],{"class":151},[47,121095,121096,121098,121100,121102,121104,121106],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,121097,2184],{"class":53},[47,121099,58],{"class":57},[47,121101,74484],{"class":98},[47,121103,78],{"class":77},[47,121105,104],{"class":81},[47,121107,85],{"class":77},[47,121109,121110],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,121111,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,121113,121114,121116,121118,121120],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,121115,99],{"class":98},[47,121117,78],{"class":77},[47,121119,2218],{"class":81},[47,121121,85],{"class":77},[47,121123,121124,121126,121128,121130,121132,121134],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,121125,99],{"class":98},[47,121127,78],{"class":77},[47,121129,116],{"class":73},[47,121131,78],{"class":77},[47,121133,2218],{"class":81},[47,121135,123],{"class":77},[20,121137,121138],{},[127,121139,129],{},[38,121141,121143],{"className":40,"code":121142,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,121144,121145,121173],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,121146,121147,121149,121151,121153,121155,121157,121159,121161,121163,121165,121167,121169,121171],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,121148,736],{"class":77},[47,121150,159],{"class":151},[47,121152,360],{"class":155},[47,121154,159],{"class":151},[47,121156,668],{"class":77},[47,121158,152],{"class":151},[47,121160,4696],{"class":155},[47,121162,159],{"class":151},[47,121164,668],{"class":77},[47,121166,152],{"class":151},[47,121168,9671],{"class":155},[47,121170,159],{"class":151},[47,121172,679],{"class":77},[47,121174,121175,121177,121179,121181,121183,121185],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,121176,144],{"class":57},[47,121178,148],{"class":147},[47,121180,152],{"class":151},[47,121182,8025],{"class":155},[47,121184,159],{"class":151},[47,121186,162],{"class":57},[20,121188,121189],{},"Even though the original value was a string, the result is still a list.",[33,121191,1623],{"id":1622},[20,121193,121194],{},"Beginners usually mix these up for one of these reasons:",[185,121196,121197,121200,121205,121210,121216],{},[188,121198,121199],{},"confusing a function with a method",[188,121201,121202,121203,53571],{},"not knowing that ",[15,121204,64239],{},[188,121206,121207,121208,12531],{},"assigning the result of ",[15,121209,77791],{},[188,121211,121212,121213,121215],{},"trying to use ",[15,121214,64239],{}," on non-list data types",[188,121217,50431,121218,121220],{},[15,121219,74350],{}," to preserve the original data type, such as tuple or string",[20,121222,121223],{},"If something is not behaving the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[38,121225,121227],{"className":40,"code":121226,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_list)\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nresult = my_list.sort(); print(result)\nprint(type(my_data))\nhelp(sorted)\nhelp(list.sort)\n",[15,121228,121229,121239,121253,121278,121293,121303],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,121230,121231,121233,121235,121237],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,121232,99],{"class":98},[47,121234,78],{"class":77},[47,121236,8270],{"class":81},[47,121238,85],{"class":77},[47,121240,121241,121243,121245,121247,121249,121251],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,121242,99],{"class":98},[47,121244,78],{"class":77},[47,121246,74440],{"class":98},[47,121248,78],{"class":77},[47,121250,8270],{"class":81},[47,121252,123],{"class":77},[47,121254,121255,121257,121259,121261,121263,121265,121267,121270,121272,121274,121276],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,121256,2184],{"class":53},[47,121258,58],{"class":57},[47,121260,8327],{"class":53},[47,121262,914],{"class":77},[47,121264,34732],{"class":81},[47,121266,7298],{"class":77},[47,121268,121269],{"class":53},"; ",[47,121271,99],{"class":98},[47,121273,78],{"class":77},[47,121275,2218],{"class":81},[47,121277,85],{"class":77},[47,121279,121280,121282,121284,121286,121288,121291],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,121281,99],{"class":98},[47,121283,78],{"class":77},[47,121285,116],{"class":73},[47,121287,78],{"class":77},[47,121289,121290],{"class":81},"my_data",[47,121292,123],{"class":77},[47,121294,121295,121297,121299,121301],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,121296,32087],{"class":98},[47,121298,78],{"class":77},[47,121300,74440],{"class":98},[47,121302,85],{"class":77},[47,121304,121305,121307,121309,121311,121313,121315],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,121306,32087],{"class":98},[47,121308,78],{"class":77},[47,121310,8025],{"class":73},[47,121312,914],{"class":77},[47,121314,34732],{"class":24685},[47,121316,85],{"class":77},[20,121318,84297],{},[185,121320,121321,121324,121328,121336],{},[188,121322,121323],{},"whether your original list changed",[188,121325,25952,121326,11639],{},[15,121327,74350],{},[188,121329,121330,121331,121333,121334],{},"whether ",[15,121332,64239],{}," returned ",[15,121335,3713],{},[188,121337,121338],{},"what type of object you are working with",[33,121340,121342],{"id":121341},"simple-rule-to-remember","Simple rule to remember",[20,121344,121345],{},"Use this rule:",[185,121347,121348,121356],{},[188,121349,121350,121351,121353,121354],{},"Need a ",[127,121352,119444],{},": use ",[15,121355,74350],{},[188,121357,121358,121359,121353,121362],{},"Need to ",[127,121360,121361],{},"change one list directly",[15,121363,77791],{},[20,121365,121366,121367,121369],{},"For many beginners, ",[15,121368,74350],{}," feels easier because it is more explicit and does not silently change the original list.",[33,121371,1762],{"id":1761},[373,121373,121375,121376,1389,121378,1812],{"id":121374},"which-is-better-for-beginners-sorted-or-listsort","Which is better for beginners, ",[15,121377,74350],{},[15,121379,77791],{},[20,121381,121382,121384],{},[15,121383,74350],{}," is often easier to understand because it returns a new result and does not change the original data.",[373,121386,5090,121388,5093,121390,1812],{"id":121387},"why-does-listsort-return-none",[15,121389,77791],{},[15,121391,3713],{},[20,121393,121394],{},"Because it changes the list directly instead of creating and returning a new sorted list.",[373,121396,1786,121398,121400],{"id":121397},"can-sorted-sort-a-tuple",[15,121399,74350],{}," sort a tuple?",[20,121402,121403],{},"Yes. It can sort any iterable, but it returns a list.",[373,121405,28262,121407,121409],{"id":121406},"can-i-use-sort-on-a-string",[15,121408,64239],{}," on a string?",[20,121411,1815,121412,121414,121415,39865],{},[15,121413,64239],{}," is a list method. Use ",[15,121416,121417],{},"sorted(string)",[373,121419,11753,121421,4329,121423,121425],{"id":121420},"do-sorted-and-sort-both-support-descending-order",[15,121422,74350],{},[15,121424,64239],{}," both support descending order?",[20,121427,121428,121429,914],{},"Yes. Both support ",[15,121430,78015],{},[33,121432,1825],{"id":1824},[185,121434,121435,121441,121447,121451,121455],{},[188,121436,121437],{},[360,121438,13,121439,1834],{"href":74447},[15,121440,74350],{},[188,121442,121443],{},[360,121444,13,121445,10673],{"href":74701},[15,121446,77791],{},[188,121448,121449],{},[360,121450,79797],{"href":78300},[188,121452,121453],{},[360,121454,120738],{"href":120737},[188,121456,121457],{},[360,121458,52698],{"href":50905},[1875,121460,121461],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":65,"depth":65,"links":121463},[121464,121465,121466,121470,121474,121477,121481,121485,121490,121500,121501,121502,121514],{"id":3543,"depth":65,"text":3544},{"id":119532,"depth":65,"text":119533},{"id":117635,"depth":65,"text":119357,"children":121467},[121468],{"id":119599,"depth":88,"text":121469},"Example: sorted() keeps the original list unchanged",{"id":77857,"depth":65,"text":79819,"children":121471},[121472],{"id":119776,"depth":88,"text":121473},"Example: list.sort() changes the original list",{"id":119872,"depth":65,"text":119873,"children":121475},[121476],{"id":119898,"depth":88,"text":119899},{"id":120104,"depth":65,"text":121478,"children":121479},"When to use sorted()",[121480],{"id":120126,"depth":88,"text":120127},{"id":120261,"depth":65,"text":121482,"children":121483},"When to use list.sort()",[121484],{"id":120284,"depth":88,"text":120285},{"id":120398,"depth":65,"text":121486,"children":121487},"reverse and key work with both",[121488,121489],{"id":120429,"depth":88,"text":120430},{"id":120557,"depth":88,"text":120558},{"id":120741,"depth":65,"text":120742,"children":121491},[121492,121494,121496,121498],{"id":120748,"depth":88,"text":121493},"Mistake 1: Assigning list.sort() to a variable",{"id":120872,"depth":88,"text":121495},"Mistake 2: Expecting sorted() to change the original list",{"id":121021,"depth":88,"text":121497},"Mistake 3: Trying to call sort() on a tuple or string",{"id":121072,"depth":88,"text":121499},"Mistake 4: Forgetting that sorted() always returns a list",{"id":1622,"depth":65,"text":1623},{"id":121341,"depth":65,"text":121342},{"id":1761,"depth":65,"text":1762,"children":121503},[121504,121506,121508,121510,121512],{"id":121374,"depth":88,"text":121505},"Which is better for beginners, sorted() or list.sort()?",{"id":121387,"depth":88,"text":121507},"Why does list.sort() return None?",{"id":121397,"depth":88,"text":121509},"Can sorted() sort a tuple?",{"id":121406,"depth":88,"text":121511},"Can I use sort() on a string?",{"id":121420,"depth":88,"text":121513},"Do sorted() and sort() both support descending order?",{"id":1824,"depth":65,"text":1825},"Master python sorted vs list.sort explained in our comprehensive Python beginner 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String count() Method",{"type":7,"value":123098,"toc":124512},[123099,123105,123111,123114,123136,123138,123200,123202,123215,123221,123226,123231,123233,123246,123257,123259,123286,123288,123305,123312,123323,123325,123330,123332,123344,123352,123361,123363,123366,123419,123421,123429,123437,123441,123446,123486,123488,123496,123499,123501,123541,123543,123551,123561,123567,123570,123643,123645,123658,123662,123667,123695,123698,123733,123735,123743,123746,123750,123754,123756,123772,123774,123814,123816,123824,123833,123876,123878,123886,123888,123892,123898,123901,123941,123943,123951,123956,123959,124002,124006,124009,124044,124049,124051,124090,124100,124108,124118,124126,124130,124135,124137,124178,124180,124188,124193,124196,124199,124217,124223,124227,124232,124235,124275,124277,124282,124381,124384,124400,124402,124421,124423,124430,124433,124439,124442,124448,124452,124458,124461,124467,124470,124472,124509],[10,123100,123102,123103,11256],{"id":123101},"python-string-count-method","Python String ",[15,123104,57217],{},[20,123106,123107,123108,123110],{},"The Python string ",[15,123109,57217],{}," method returns how many times a substring appears in a string.",[20,123112,123113],{},"This reference page explains:",[185,123115,123116,123120,123123,123125,123133],{},[188,123117,25952,123118,175],{},[15,123119,57217],{},[188,123121,123122],{},"its syntax",[188,123124,35328],{},[188,123126,123127,123128,4329,123130,123132],{},"how ",[15,123129,36006],{},[15,123131,52587],{}," work",[188,123134,123135],{},"common beginner mistakes",[33,123137,36],{"id":35},[38,123139,123141],{"className":40,"code":123140,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,123142,123143,123155,123177],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,123144,123145,123147,123149,123151,123153],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123146,68],{"class":53},[47,123148,58],{"class":57},[47,123150,303],{"class":151},[47,123152,1434],{"class":155},[47,123154,820],{"class":151},[47,123156,123157,123159,123161,123163,123165,123167,123169,123171,123173,123175],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,123158,99],{"class":98},[47,123160,78],{"class":77},[47,123162,104],{"class":81},[47,123164,914],{"class":77},[47,123166,41193],{"class":81},[47,123168,78],{"class":77},[47,123170,309],{"class":151},[47,123172,360],{"class":155},[47,123174,309],{"class":151},[47,123176,123],{"class":77},[47,123178,123179,123181,123183,123185,123187,123189,123191,123193,123196,123198],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,123180,99],{"class":98},[47,123182,78],{"class":77},[47,123184,104],{"class":81},[47,123186,914],{"class":77},[47,123188,41193],{"class":81},[47,123190,78],{"class":77},[47,123192,309],{"class":151},[47,123194,123195],{"class":155},"na",[47,123197,309],{"class":151},[47,123199,123],{"class":77},[20,123201,129],{},[38,123203,123205],{"className":40,"code":123204,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"3\n2\n",[15,123206,123207,123211],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,123208,123209],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123210,46544],{"class":61},[47,123212,123213],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,123214,16992],{"class":61},[20,123216,165,123217,123220],{},[15,123218,123219],{},"string.count(value)"," to count how many times a substring appears in a string.",[33,123222,12930,123224,12933],{"id":123223},"what-the-count-method-does",[15,123225,57217],{},[20,123227,123228,123230],{},[15,123229,57217],{}," tells you how many times some text appears inside a string.",[20,123232,12986],{},[185,123234,123235,123238,123241,123243],{},[188,123236,123237],{},"It returns how many times a substring appears in a string",[188,123239,123240],{},"It works with single characters and longer strings",[188,123242,43589],{},[188,123244,123245],{},"It does not change the original string",[20,123247,123248,123249,123251,123252,1752,123254,123256],{},"For example, if you want to know how many ",[15,123250,18031],{}," characters are in ",[15,123253,65201],{},[15,123255,57217],{}," is a simple choice.",[33,123258,245],{"id":244},[38,123260,123262],{"className":40,"code":123261,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"string.count(value, start, end)\n",[15,123263,123264],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,123265,123266,123268,123270,123272,123274,123276,123278,123280,123282,123284],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123267,61102],{"class":53},[47,123269,914],{"class":77},[47,123271,41193],{"class":81},[47,123273,78],{"class":77},[47,123275,585],{"class":81},[47,123277,668],{"class":77},[47,123279,35985],{"class":81},[47,123281,668],{"class":77},[47,123283,64967],{"class":81},[47,123285,85],{"class":77},[373,123287,17331],{"id":17330},[185,123289,123290,123295,123300],{},[188,123291,123292,123294],{},[15,123293,585],{},": the text to search for",[188,123296,123297,123299],{},[15,123298,36006],{},": optional; where counting begins",[188,123301,123302,123304],{},[15,123303,52587],{},": optional; where counting stops",[20,123306,123307,4329,123309,123311],{},[15,123308,36006],{},[15,123310,52587],{}," work like slice positions:",[185,123313,123314,123319],{},[188,123315,123316,123318],{},[15,123317,36006],{}," is included",[188,123320,123321,75665],{},[15,123322,52587],{},[33,123324,1504],{"id":1503},[20,123326,123327,123329],{},[15,123328,57217],{}," returns a whole number.",[20,123331,2083],{},[185,123333,123334,123339],{},[188,123335,123336,123337],{},"If the substring is found 3 times, it returns ",[15,123338,2021],{},[188,123340,123341,123342],{},"If the substring is not found, it returns ",[15,123343,2077],{},[20,123345,40839,123346,5093,123348,1389,123350,914],{},[127,123347,768],{},[15,123349,212],{},[15,123351,3609],{},[20,123353,123354,123355,123360],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, using the ",[360,123356,123358,101516],{"href":123357},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python\u002F",[15,123359,3819],{}," is often a better fit.",[33,123362,11409],{"id":11408},[20,123364,123365],{},"Here is a short example that counts one character:",[38,123367,123369],{"className":40,"code":123368,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"apple\"\nresult = text.count(\"p\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,123370,123371,123383,123405,123409],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,123372,123373,123375,123377,123379,123381],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123374,68],{"class":53},[47,123376,58],{"class":57},[47,123378,303],{"class":151},[47,123380,1425],{"class":155},[47,123382,820],{"class":151},[47,123384,123385,123387,123389,123391,123393,123395,123397,123399,123401,123403],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,123386,2184],{"class":53},[47,123388,58],{"class":57},[47,123390,42772],{"class":53},[47,123392,914],{"class":77},[47,123394,41193],{"class":81},[47,123396,78],{"class":77},[47,123398,309],{"class":151},[47,123400,20],{"class":155},[47,123402,309],{"class":151},[47,123404,85],{"class":77},[47,123406,123407],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,123408,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,123410,123411,123413,123415,123417],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,123412,99],{"class":98},[47,123414,78],{"class":77},[47,123416,2218],{"class":81},[47,123418,85],{"class":77},[20,123420,129],{},[38,123422,123423],{"className":40,"code":16992,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,123424,123425],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,123426,123427],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123428,16992],{"class":61},[20,123430,63747,123431,123434,123435,914],{},[15,123432,123433],{},"\"p\""," appears 2 times in ",[15,123436,57760],{},[33,123438,123440],{"id":123439},"counting-a-word-or-substring","Counting a word or substring",[20,123442,123443,123445],{},[15,123444,57217],{}," can search for more than one character. It can count full words or repeated patterns.",[38,123447,123449],{"className":40,"code":123448,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"cat dog cat bird cat\"\nprint(text.count(\"cat\"))\n",[15,123450,123451,123464],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,123452,123453,123455,123457,123459,123462],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123454,68],{"class":53},[47,123456,58],{"class":57},[47,123458,303],{"class":151},[47,123460,123461],{"class":155},"cat dog cat bird cat",[47,123463,820],{"class":151},[47,123465,123466,123468,123470,123472,123474,123476,123478,123480,123482,123484],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,123467,99],{"class":98},[47,123469,78],{"class":77},[47,123471,104],{"class":81},[47,123473,914],{"class":77},[47,123475,41193],{"class":81},[47,123477,78],{"class":77},[47,123479,309],{"class":151},[47,123481,36981],{"class":155},[47,123483,309],{"class":151},[47,123485,123],{"class":77},[20,123487,129],{},[38,123489,123490],{"className":40,"code":46544,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,123491,123492],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,123493,123494],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123495,46544],{"class":61},[20,123497,123498],{},"It matches exact text only. That means spacing, punctuation, and letter case matter.",[20,123500,800],{},[38,123502,123504],{"className":40,"code":123503,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"one One one\"\nprint(text.count(\"one\"))\n",[15,123505,123506,123519],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,123507,123508,123510,123512,123514,123517],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123509,68],{"class":53},[47,123511,58],{"class":57},[47,123513,303],{"class":151},[47,123515,123516],{"class":155},"one One one",[47,123518,820],{"class":151},[47,123520,123521,123523,123525,123527,123529,123531,123533,123535,123537,123539],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,123522,99],{"class":98},[47,123524,78],{"class":77},[47,123526,104],{"class":81},[47,123528,914],{"class":77},[47,123530,41193],{"class":81},[47,123532,78],{"class":77},[47,123534,309],{"class":151},[47,123536,6519],{"class":155},[47,123538,309],{"class":151},[47,123540,123],{"class":77},[20,123542,129],{},[38,123544,123545],{"className":40,"code":16992,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,123546,123547],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,123548,123549],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123550,16992],{"class":61},[20,123552,123553,123554,123557,123558,123560],{},"The uppercase ",[15,123555,123556],{},"\"One\""," is not counted because ",[15,123559,57217],{}," is case-sensitive.",[33,123562,1335,123563,4329,123565],{"id":65333},[15,123564,36006],{},[15,123566,52587],{},[20,123568,123569],{},"You can limit the search to only part of the string.",[38,123571,123573],{"className":40,"code":123572,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2))\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2, 5))\n",[15,123574,123575,123587,123613],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,123576,123577,123579,123581,123583,123585],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123578,68],{"class":53},[47,123580,58],{"class":57},[47,123582,303],{"class":151},[47,123584,1434],{"class":155},[47,123586,820],{"class":151},[47,123588,123589,123591,123593,123595,123597,123599,123601,123603,123605,123607,123609,123611],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,123590,99],{"class":98},[47,123592,78],{"class":77},[47,123594,104],{"class":81},[47,123596,914],{"class":77},[47,123598,41193],{"class":81},[47,123600,78],{"class":77},[47,123602,309],{"class":151},[47,123604,360],{"class":155},[47,123606,309],{"class":151},[47,123608,668],{"class":77},[47,123610,671],{"class":61},[47,123612,123],{"class":77},[47,123614,123615,123617,123619,123621,123623,123625,123627,123629,123631,123633,123635,123637,123639,123641],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,123616,99],{"class":98},[47,123618,78],{"class":77},[47,123620,104],{"class":81},[47,123622,914],{"class":77},[47,123624,41193],{"class":81},[47,123626,78],{"class":77},[47,123628,309],{"class":151},[47,123630,360],{"class":155},[47,123632,309],{"class":151},[47,123634,668],{"class":77},[47,123636,671],{"class":61},[47,123638,668],{"class":77},[47,123640,4540],{"class":61},[47,123642,123],{"class":77},[20,123644,129],{},[38,123646,123648],{"className":40,"code":123647,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"2\n1\n",[15,123649,123650,123654],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,123651,123652],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123653,16992],{"class":61},[47,123655,123656],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,123657,46844],{"class":61},[373,123659,123661],{"id":123660},"how-this-works","How this works",[20,123663,123664,123665,2826],{},"In ",[15,123666,65201],{},[185,123668,123669,123677,123685],{},[188,123670,70892,123671,123673,123674],{},[15,123672,2016],{}," starts at the first ",[15,123675,123676],{},"\"n\"",[188,123678,123679,123682,123683,75963],{},[15,123680,123681],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2)"," counts from index ",[15,123684,2016],{},[188,123686,123687,123682,123690,123692,123693],{},[15,123688,123689],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2, 5)",[15,123691,2016],{}," up to, but not including, index ",[15,123694,2094],{},[20,123696,123697],{},"This is similar to slicing:",[38,123699,123701],{"className":40,"code":123700,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text[2:5])\n",[15,123702,123703,123715],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,123704,123705,123707,123709,123711,123713],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123706,68],{"class":53},[47,123708,58],{"class":57},[47,123710,303],{"class":151},[47,123712,1434],{"class":155},[47,123714,820],{"class":151},[47,123716,123717,123719,123721,123723,123725,123727,123729,123731],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,123718,99],{"class":98},[47,123720,78],{"class":77},[47,123722,104],{"class":81},[47,123724,736],{"class":77},[47,123726,2016],{"class":61},[47,123728,2826],{"class":77},[47,123730,2094],{"class":61},[47,123732,3825],{"class":77},[20,123734,129],{},[38,123736,123737],{"className":40,"code":41402,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,123738,123739],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,123740,123741],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123742,41402],{"class":53},[20,123744,123745],{},"Only that section is searched.",[33,123747,123749],{"id":123748},"case-sensitivity","Case sensitivity",[20,123751,123752,123560],{},[15,123753,57217],{},[20,123755,183],{},[185,123757,123758,123766],{},[188,123759,123760,4329,123762,123765],{},[15,123761,18031],{},[15,123763,123764],{},"\"A\""," are different",[188,123767,123768,4329,123770,123765],{},[15,123769,64462],{},[15,123771,90335],{},[20,123773,800],{},[38,123775,123777],{"className":40,"code":123776,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,123778,123779,123792],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,123780,123781,123783,123785,123787,123790],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123782,68],{"class":53},[47,123784,58],{"class":57},[47,123786,303],{"class":151},[47,123788,123789],{"class":155},"Apple apple APPLE",[47,123791,820],{"class":151},[47,123793,123794,123796,123798,123800,123802,123804,123806,123808,123810,123812],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,123795,99],{"class":98},[47,123797,78],{"class":77},[47,123799,104],{"class":81},[47,123801,914],{"class":77},[47,123803,41193],{"class":81},[47,123805,78],{"class":77},[47,123807,309],{"class":151},[47,123809,1425],{"class":155},[47,123811,309],{"class":151},[47,123813,123],{"class":77},[20,123815,129],{},[38,123817,123818],{"className":40,"code":46844,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,123819,123820],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,123821,123822],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123823,46844],{"class":61},[20,123825,123826,123827,2826],{},"If you want case-insensitive counting, convert the string first with ",[360,123828,123830],{"href":123829},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method\u002F",[15,123831,123832],{},"lower()",[38,123834,123836],{"className":40,"code":123835,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,123837,123838,123850],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,123839,123840,123842,123844,123846,123848],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123841,68],{"class":53},[47,123843,58],{"class":57},[47,123845,303],{"class":151},[47,123847,123789],{"class":155},[47,123849,820],{"class":151},[47,123851,123852,123854,123856,123858,123860,123862,123864,123866,123868,123870,123872,123874],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,123853,99],{"class":98},[47,123855,78],{"class":77},[47,123857,104],{"class":81},[47,123859,914],{"class":77},[47,123861,8571],{"class":81},[47,123863,8568],{"class":77},[47,123865,41193],{"class":81},[47,123867,78],{"class":77},[47,123869,309],{"class":151},[47,123871,1425],{"class":155},[47,123873,309],{"class":151},[47,123875,123],{"class":77},[20,123877,129],{},[38,123879,123880],{"className":40,"code":46544,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,123881,123882],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,123883,123884],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123885,46544],{"class":61},[33,123887,2775],{"id":2774},[20,123889,23029,123890,914],{},[15,123891,57217],{},[373,123893,1400,123895,123897],{"id":123894},"expecting-count-to-ignore-case-automatically",[15,123896,57217],{}," to ignore case automatically",[20,123899,123900],{},"This will not count uppercase and lowercase as the same:",[38,123902,123904],{"className":40,"code":123903,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,123905,123906,123919],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,123907,123908,123910,123912,123914,123917],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123909,68],{"class":53},[47,123911,58],{"class":57},[47,123913,303],{"class":151},[47,123915,123916],{"class":155},"Aardvark",[47,123918,820],{"class":151},[47,123920,123921,123923,123925,123927,123929,123931,123933,123935,123937,123939],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,123922,99],{"class":98},[47,123924,78],{"class":77},[47,123926,104],{"class":81},[47,123928,914],{"class":77},[47,123930,41193],{"class":81},[47,123932,78],{"class":77},[47,123934,309],{"class":151},[47,123936,360],{"class":155},[47,123938,309],{"class":151},[47,123940,123],{"class":77},[20,123942,129],{},[38,123944,123945],{"className":40,"code":16992,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,123946,123947],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,123948,123949],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123950,16992],{"class":61},[20,123952,123553,123953,123955],{},[15,123954,123764],{}," at the start is not counted.",[20,123957,123958],{},"If needed, convert first:",[38,123960,123962],{"className":40,"code":123961,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\n",[15,123963,123964,123976],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,123965,123966,123968,123970,123972,123974],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123967,68],{"class":53},[47,123969,58],{"class":57},[47,123971,303],{"class":151},[47,123973,123916],{"class":155},[47,123975,820],{"class":151},[47,123977,123978,123980,123982,123984,123986,123988,123990,123992,123994,123996,123998,124000],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,123979,99],{"class":98},[47,123981,78],{"class":77},[47,123983,104],{"class":81},[47,123985,914],{"class":77},[47,123987,8571],{"class":81},[47,123989,8568],{"class":77},[47,123991,41193],{"class":81},[47,123993,78],{"class":77},[47,123995,309],{"class":151},[47,123997,360],{"class":155},[47,123999,309],{"class":151},[47,124001,123],{"class":77},[373,124003,124005],{"id":124004},"forgetting-quotes-around-the-substring","Forgetting quotes around the substring",[20,124007,124008],{},"This causes an error if the variable does not exist:",[38,124010,124012],{"className":40,"code":124011,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(a))\n",[15,124013,124014,124026],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,124015,124016,124018,124020,124022,124024],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,124017,68],{"class":53},[47,124019,58],{"class":57},[47,124021,303],{"class":151},[47,124023,1434],{"class":155},[47,124025,820],{"class":151},[47,124027,124028,124030,124032,124034,124036,124038,124040,124042],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,124029,99],{"class":98},[47,124031,78],{"class":77},[47,124033,104],{"class":81},[47,124035,914],{"class":77},[47,124037,41193],{"class":81},[47,124039,78],{"class":77},[47,124041,360],{"class":81},[47,124043,123],{"class":77},[20,124045,124046,124047,914],{},"Python tries to find a variable named ",[15,124048,360],{},[20,124050,10740],{},[38,124052,124054],{"className":40,"code":124053,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124055,124056,124068],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,124057,124058,124060,124062,124064,124066],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,124059,68],{"class":53},[47,124061,58],{"class":57},[47,124063,303],{"class":151},[47,124065,1434],{"class":155},[47,124067,820],{"class":151},[47,124069,124070,124072,124074,124076,124078,124080,124082,124084,124086,124088],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,124071,99],{"class":98},[47,124073,78],{"class":77},[47,124075,104],{"class":81},[47,124077,914],{"class":77},[47,124079,41193],{"class":81},[47,124081,78],{"class":77},[47,124083,309],{"class":151},[47,124085,360],{"class":155},[47,124087,309],{"class":151},[47,124089,123],{"class":77},[373,124091,37138,124093,8636,124095,1389,124098],{"id":124092},"confusing-count-with-find-or-index",[15,124094,57217],{},[15,124096,124097],{},"find()",[15,124099,58895],{},[20,124101,165,124102,124104,124105,914],{},[15,124103,57217],{}," when you need the ",[127,124106,124107],{},"number of matches",[20,124109,165,124110,124104,124115,124117],{},[360,124111,124113],{"href":124112},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method\u002F",[15,124114,124097],{},[127,124116,64873],{}," of the first match.",[20,124119,165,124120,124125],{},[360,124121,124123],{"href":124122},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method\u002F",[15,124124,58895],{}," when you also need the position, but want an error if the text is not found.",[373,124127,124129],{"id":124128},"assuming-it-counts-overlapping-matches","Assuming it counts overlapping matches",[20,124131,124132,124134],{},[15,124133,57217],{}," counts non-overlapping matches only.",[20,124136,800],{},[38,124138,124140],{"className":40,"code":124139,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"aaaa\"\nprint(text.count(\"aa\"))\n",[15,124141,124142,124155],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,124143,124144,124146,124148,124150,124153],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,124145,68],{"class":53},[47,124147,58],{"class":57},[47,124149,303],{"class":151},[47,124151,124152],{"class":155},"aaaa",[47,124154,820],{"class":151},[47,124156,124157,124159,124161,124163,124165,124167,124169,124171,124174,124176],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,124158,99],{"class":98},[47,124160,78],{"class":77},[47,124162,104],{"class":81},[47,124164,914],{"class":77},[47,124166,41193],{"class":81},[47,124168,78],{"class":77},[47,124170,309],{"class":151},[47,124172,124173],{"class":155},"aa",[47,124175,309],{"class":151},[47,124177,123],{"class":77},[20,124179,129],{},[38,124181,124182],{"className":40,"code":16992,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,124183,124184],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,124185,124186],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,124187,16992],{"class":61},[20,124189,124190,124191,914],{},"It does not return ",[15,124192,2021],{},[20,124194,124195],{},"Why not?",[20,124197,124198],{},"Because Python counts these matches:",[185,124200,124201,124210],{},[188,124202,124203,124206,124207],{},[15,124204,124205],{},"\"aa\""," at positions ",[15,124208,124209],{},"0-1",[188,124211,124212,124206,124214],{},[15,124213,124205],{},[15,124215,124216],{},"2-3",[20,124218,124219,124220,914],{},"It does not count overlapping matches like positions ",[15,124221,124222],{},"1-2",[33,124224,773,124225],{"id":58300},[15,124226,57217],{},[20,124228,165,124229,124231],{},[15,124230,57217],{}," when you need the number of matches in a string.",[20,124233,124234],{},"Choose the right tool for the job:",[185,124236,124237,124246,124256,124266],{},[188,124238,165,124239,124241,124242,124245],{},[15,124240,57217],{}," when you need ",[127,124243,124244],{},"how many times"," something appears",[188,124247,165,124248,124241,124252,124255],{},[360,124249,124250],{"href":124112},[15,124251,124097],{},[127,124253,124254],{},"where"," it appears",[188,124257,47737,124258,124262,124263],{},[360,124259,124260,101516],{"href":123357},[15,124261,3819],{}," when you only need to know ",[127,124264,124265],{},"if it exists",[188,124267,165,124268,124274],{},[360,124269,124271],{"href":124270},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-replace-text-in-a-string-in-python\u002F",[15,124272,124273],{},"replace()"," when you want to change matching text",[33,124276,25875],{"id":25874},[20,124278,8807,124279,124281],{},[15,124280,57217],{}," is not giving the result you expect, check these things:",[38,124283,124285],{"className":40,"code":124284,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,124286,124287,124297,124311,124333,124359],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,124288,124289,124291,124293,124295],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,124290,99],{"class":98},[47,124292,78],{"class":77},[47,124294,104],{"class":81},[47,124296,85],{"class":77},[47,124298,124299,124301,124303,124305,124307,124309],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,124300,99],{"class":98},[47,124302,78],{"class":77},[47,124304,116],{"class":73},[47,124306,78],{"class":77},[47,124308,104],{"class":81},[47,124310,123],{"class":77},[47,124312,124313,124315,124317,124319,124321,124323,124325,124327,124329,124331],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,124314,99],{"class":98},[47,124316,78],{"class":77},[47,124318,104],{"class":81},[47,124320,914],{"class":77},[47,124322,41193],{"class":81},[47,124324,78],{"class":77},[47,124326,309],{"class":151},[47,124328,360],{"class":155},[47,124330,309],{"class":151},[47,124332,123],{"class":77},[47,124334,124335,124337,124339,124341,124343,124345,124347,124349,124351,124353,124355,124357],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,124336,99],{"class":98},[47,124338,78],{"class":77},[47,124340,104],{"class":81},[47,124342,914],{"class":77},[47,124344,8571],{"class":81},[47,124346,8568],{"class":77},[47,124348,41193],{"class":81},[47,124350,78],{"class":77},[47,124352,309],{"class":151},[47,124354,360],{"class":155},[47,124356,309],{"class":151},[47,124358,123],{"class":77},[47,124360,124361,124363,124365,124367,124369,124371,124373,124375,124377,124379],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,124362,99],{"class":98},[47,124364,78],{"class":77},[47,124366,104],{"class":81},[47,124368,914],{"class":77},[47,124370,41193],{"class":81},[47,124372,78],{"class":77},[47,124374,309],{"class":151},[47,124376,123195],{"class":155},[47,124378,309],{"class":151},[47,124380,123],{"class":77},[20,124382,124383],{},"These checks can help you find problems such as:",[185,124385,124386,124389,124394,124397],{},[188,124387,124388],{},"the string using different uppercase and lowercase letters",[188,124390,124391,124393],{},[15,124392,104],{}," not being a string",[188,124395,124396],{},"counting the wrong substring",[188,124398,124399],{},"expecting overlapping matches",[20,124401,58789],{},[185,124403,124404,124407,124410,124413],{},[188,124405,124406],{},"trying to count text with different letter case",[188,124408,124409],{},"passing a variable name that was not defined",[188,124411,124412],{},"expecting overlapping matches to be counted",[188,124414,50417,124415,44561,124417,1389,124419,73237],{},[15,124416,57217],{},[15,124418,124097],{},[15,124420,3819],{},[33,124422,1762],{"id":1761},[373,124424,124426,124427,124429],{"id":124425},"does-string-count-change-the-original-string","Does string ",[15,124428,57217],{}," change the original string?",[20,124431,124432],{},"No. It only returns a number. The original string stays the same.",[373,124434,1806,124436,124438],{"id":124435},"is-count-case-sensitive",[15,124437,57217],{}," case-sensitive?",[20,124440,124441],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are counted separately.",[373,124443,1766,124445,124447],{"id":124444},"what-does-count-return-if-nothing-is-found",[15,124446,57217],{}," return if nothing is found?",[20,124449,5080,124450,914],{},[15,124451,2077],{},[373,124453,1786,124455,124457],{"id":124454},"can-count-count-words-instead-of-letters",[15,124456,57217],{}," count words instead of letters?",[20,124459,124460],{},"Yes. It can count any substring, including full words.",[373,124462,1776,124464,124466],{"id":124463},"does-count-count-overlapping-matches",[15,124465,57217],{}," count overlapping matches?",[20,124468,124469],{},"No. It counts non-overlapping matches only.",[33,124471,1825],{"id":1824},[185,124473,124474,124481,124488,124495,124502],{},[188,124475,124476],{},[360,124477,124478],{"href":124112},[15,124479,124480],{},"Python string find() method",[188,124482,124483],{},[360,124484,124485],{"href":124122},[15,124486,124487],{},"Python string index() method",[188,124489,124490],{},[360,124491,124492],{"href":123829},[15,124493,124494],{},"Python string lower() method",[188,124496,124497],{},[360,124498,124499],{"href":123357},[15,124500,124501],{},"How to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[188,124503,124504],{},[360,124505,124506],{"href":124270},[15,124507,124508],{},"How to replace text in a string in Python",[1875,124510,124511],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":65,"depth":65,"links":124513},[124514,124515,124517,124520,124521,124522,124523,124526,124527,124535,124536,124537,124549],{"id":35,"depth":65,"text":36},{"id":123223,"depth":65,"text":124516},"What the count() method does",{"id":244,"depth":65,"text":245,"children":124518},[124519],{"id":17330,"depth":88,"text":17331},{"id":1503,"depth":65,"text":1504},{"id":11408,"depth":65,"text":11409},{"id":123439,"depth":65,"text":123440},{"id":65333,"depth":65,"text":66116,"children":124524},[124525],{"id":123660,"depth":88,"text":123661},{"id":123748,"depth":65,"text":123749},{"id":2774,"depth":65,"text":2775,"children":124528},[124529,124531,124532,124534],{"id":123894,"depth":88,"text":124530},"Expecting count() to ignore case automatically",{"id":124004,"depth":88,"text":124005},{"id":124092,"depth":88,"text":124533},"Confusing count() with find() or index()",{"id":124128,"depth":88,"text":124129},{"id":58300,"depth":65,"text":58931},{"id":25874,"depth":65,"text":25875},{"id":1761,"depth":65,"text":1762,"children":124538},[124539,124541,124543,124545,124547],{"id":124425,"depth":88,"text":124540},"Does string count() change the original string?",{"id":124435,"depth":88,"text":124542},"Is count() case-sensitive?",{"id":124444,"depth":88,"text":124544},"What does count() return if nothing is found?",{"id":124454,"depth":88,"text":124546},"Can count() count words instead of letters?",{"id":124463,"depth":88,"text":124548},"Does count() count overlapping matches?",{"id":1824,"depth":65,"text":1825},"Master python string count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method",{"title":123096,"description":124550},"reference\u002Fpython-string-count-method","xCR9DWe-YanJ6UFYPr-2k6HicXjYCslaXeN-KYxccGE",{"id":124557,"title":124558,"body":124559,"description":126144,"extension":1922,"meta":126145,"navigation":91,"path":126146,"seo":126147,"stem":126148,"__hash__":126149},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string.md","Python String: Creating a String",{"type":7,"value":124560,"toc":126117},[124561,124564,124567,124664,124673,124675,124694,124698,124701,124704,124717,124720,124749,124754,124759,124817,124819,124852,124858,124862,124865,124868,124897,124900,124927,124930,124933,124937,124940,124947,125010,125012,125030,125033,125037,125040,125043,125085,125088,125132,125135,125138,125142,125147,125150,125193,125195,125218,125221,125254,125257,125306,125316,125320,125323,125326,125355,125358,125369,125371,125430,125433,125437,125440,125443,125458,125467,125470,125504,125507,125534,125537,125544,125546,125549,125551,125554,125568,125577,125579,125606,125610,125613,125627,125630,125689,125693,125696,125723,125726,125753,125761,125764,125824,125826,125859,125863,125866,125885,125890,125939,125944,125946,125949,126008,126026,126028,126032,126040,126044,126047,126051,126057,126061,126071,126075,126078,126080,126114],[10,124562,124558],{"id":124563},"python-string-creating-a-string",[20,124565,124566],{},"Learn the basic ways to create strings in Python. This page focuses only on making string values, not changing or processing them.",[38,124568,124570],{"className":40,"code":124569,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"Alice\"\nmessage = 'Hello'\nempty = \"\"\ntext = str(123)\n\nprint(name)\nprint(message)\nprint(empty)\nprint(text)\n",[15,124571,124572,124584,124596,124605,124619,124623,124633,124643,124654],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,124573,124574,124576,124578,124580,124582],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,124575,810],{"class":53},[47,124577,58],{"class":57},[47,124579,303],{"class":151},[47,124581,4938],{"class":155},[47,124583,820],{"class":151},[47,124585,124586,124588,124590,124592,124594],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,124587,298],{"class":53},[47,124589,58],{"class":57},[47,124591,152],{"class":151},[47,124593,34800],{"class":155},[47,124595,29634],{"class":151},[47,124597,124598,124601,124603],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,124599,124600],{"class":53},"empty ",[47,124602,58],{"class":57},[47,124604,7812],{"class":151},[47,124606,124607,124609,124611,124613,124615,124617],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,124608,68],{"class":53},[47,124610,58],{"class":57},[47,124612,74],{"class":73},[47,124614,78],{"class":77},[47,124616,50171],{"class":61},[47,124618,85],{"class":77},[47,124620,124621],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,124622,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,124624,124625,124627,124629,124631],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,124626,99],{"class":98},[47,124628,78],{"class":77},[47,124630,7601],{"class":81},[47,124632,85],{"class":77},[47,124634,124635,124637,124639,124641],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,124636,99],{"class":98},[47,124638,78],{"class":77},[47,124640,334],{"class":81},[47,124642,85],{"class":77},[47,124644,124645,124647,124649,124652],{"class":49,"line":1734},[47,124646,99],{"class":98},[47,124648,78],{"class":77},[47,124650,124651],{"class":81},"empty",[47,124653,85],{"class":77},[47,124655,124656,124658,124660,124662],{"class":49,"line":6365},[47,124657,99],{"class":98},[47,124659,78],{"class":77},[47,124661,104],{"class":81},[47,124663,85],{"class":77},[20,124665,124666,124669,124670,124672],{},[127,124667,124668],{},"Note:"," Use single quotes, double quotes, or ",[15,124671,17],{}," to create a string. Triple quotes are useful for multi-line text.",[33,124674,15097],{"id":15096},[185,124676,124677,124680,124683,124686,124691],{},[188,124678,124679],{},"What a string is in Python",[188,124681,124682],{},"How to create a string with quotes",[188,124684,124685],{},"How to create an empty string",[188,124687,124688,124689],{},"How to convert other values to strings with ",[15,124690,17],{},[188,124692,124693],{},"When to use single, double, or triple quotes",[33,124695,124697],{"id":124696},"what-a-string-is","What a string is",[20,124699,124700],{},"A string is text data in Python.",[20,124702,124703],{},"Strings can contain:",[185,124705,124706,124709,124711,124714],{},[188,124707,124708],{},"Letters",[188,124710,56389],{},[188,124712,124713],{},"Spaces",[188,124715,124716],{},"Symbols",[20,124718,124719],{},"Examples of strings:",[38,124721,124723],{"className":40,"code":124722,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\"hello\"\n\"123\"\n\"Python is fun\"\n",[15,124724,124725,124733,124741],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,124726,124727,124729,124731],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,124728,309],{"class":43259},[47,124730,3781],{"class":43263},[47,124732,820],{"class":43259},[47,124734,124735,124737,124739],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,124736,309],{"class":43259},[47,124738,50171],{"class":43263},[47,124740,820],{"class":43259},[47,124742,124743,124745,124747],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,124744,309],{"class":43259},[47,124746,89072],{"class":43263},[47,124748,820],{"class":43259},[20,124750,20913,124751,124753],{},[15,124752,50221],{}," looks like a number, it is a string because it is inside quotes.",[20,124755,124756,124757,2826],{},"You can check the type with ",[15,124758,365],{},[38,124760,124762],{"className":40,"code":124761,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = 123\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,124763,124764,124776,124785,124789,124803],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,124765,124766,124768,124770,124772,124774],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,124767,68],{"class":53},[47,124769,58],{"class":57},[47,124771,303],{"class":151},[47,124773,50171],{"class":155},[47,124775,820],{"class":151},[47,124777,124778,124780,124782],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,124779,386],{"class":53},[47,124781,58],{"class":57},[47,124783,124784],{"class":61}," 123\n",[47,124786,124787],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,124788,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,124790,124791,124793,124795,124797,124799,124801],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,124792,99],{"class":98},[47,124794,78],{"class":77},[47,124796,116],{"class":73},[47,124798,78],{"class":77},[47,124800,104],{"class":81},[47,124802,123],{"class":77},[47,124804,124805,124807,124809,124811,124813,124815],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,124806,99],{"class":98},[47,124808,78],{"class":77},[47,124810,116],{"class":73},[47,124812,78],{"class":77},[47,124814,404],{"class":81},[47,124816,123],{"class":77},[20,124818,129],{},[38,124820,124822],{"className":40,"code":124821,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,124823,124824,124838],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,124825,124826,124828,124830,124832,124834,124836],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,124827,144],{"class":57},[47,124829,148],{"class":147},[47,124831,152],{"class":151},[47,124833,156],{"class":155},[47,124835,159],{"class":151},[47,124837,162],{"class":57},[47,124839,124840,124842,124844,124846,124848,124850],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,124841,144],{"class":57},[47,124843,148],{"class":147},[47,124845,152],{"class":151},[47,124847,1050],{"class":155},[47,124849,159],{"class":151},[47,124851,162],{"class":57},[20,124853,124854,124855,914],{},"If you are new to strings, see ",[360,124856,124857],{"href":50901},"Python strings explained: basics and examples",[33,124859,124861],{"id":124860},"create-a-string-with-quotes","Create a string with quotes",[20,124863,124864],{},"The most common way to create a string is to put text inside quotes.",[20,124866,124867],{},"You can use single quotes:",[38,124869,124871],{"className":40,"code":124870,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"greeting = 'hello'\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,124872,124873,124886],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,124874,124875,124878,124880,124882,124884],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,124876,124877],{"class":53},"greeting ",[47,124879,58],{"class":57},[47,124881,152],{"class":151},[47,124883,3781],{"class":155},[47,124885,29634],{"class":151},[47,124887,124888,124890,124892,124895],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,124889,99],{"class":98},[47,124891,78],{"class":77},[47,124893,124894],{"class":81},"greeting",[47,124896,85],{"class":77},[20,124898,124899],{},"Or double quotes:",[38,124901,124903],{"className":40,"code":124902,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"greeting = \"hello\"\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,124904,124905,124917],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,124906,124907,124909,124911,124913,124915],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,124908,124877],{"class":53},[47,124910,58],{"class":57},[47,124912,303],{"class":151},[47,124914,3781],{"class":155},[47,124916,820],{"class":151},[47,124918,124919,124921,124923,124925],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,124920,99],{"class":98},[47,124922,78],{"class":77},[47,124924,124894],{"class":81},[47,124926,85],{"class":77},[20,124928,124929],{},"Both create a string. In most cases, there is no difference.",[20,124931,124932],{},"Choose the style that makes your text easier to write.",[33,124934,124936],{"id":124935},"create-an-empty-string","Create an empty string",[20,124938,124939],{},"An empty string is a string with no characters in it.",[20,124941,124942,124943,1389,124945,2826],{},"Use either ",[15,124944,6207],{},[15,124946,3708],{},[38,124948,124950],{"className":40,"code":124949,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"empty1 = \"\"\nempty2 = ''\n\nprint(empty1)\nprint(empty2)\nprint(type(empty1))\n",[15,124951,124952,124961,124970,124974,124985,124996],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,124953,124954,124957,124959],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,124955,124956],{"class":53},"empty1 ",[47,124958,58],{"class":57},[47,124960,7812],{"class":151},[47,124962,124963,124966,124968],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,124964,124965],{"class":53},"empty2 ",[47,124967,58],{"class":57},[47,124969,47423],{"class":151},[47,124971,124972],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,124973,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,124975,124976,124978,124980,124983],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,124977,99],{"class":98},[47,124979,78],{"class":77},[47,124981,124982],{"class":81},"empty1",[47,124984,85],{"class":77},[47,124986,124987,124989,124991,124994],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,124988,99],{"class":98},[47,124990,78],{"class":77},[47,124992,124993],{"class":81},"empty2",[47,124995,85],{"class":77},[47,124997,124998,125000,125002,125004,125006,125008],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,124999,99],{"class":98},[47,125001,78],{"class":77},[47,125003,116],{"class":73},[47,125005,78],{"class":77},[47,125007,124982],{"class":81},[47,125009,123],{"class":77},[20,125011,129],{},[38,125013,125014],{"className":40,"code":45701,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,125015,125016],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125017,125018,125020,125022,125024,125026,125028],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125019,144],{"class":57},[47,125021,148],{"class":147},[47,125023,152],{"class":151},[47,125025,156],{"class":155},[47,125027,159],{"class":151},[47,125029,162],{"class":57},[20,125031,125032],{},"An empty string is often used as a starting value before adding text later.",[33,125034,125036],{"id":125035},"create-a-multi-line-string","Create a multi-line string",[20,125038,125039],{},"Use triple quotes when you want text to span more than one line.",[20,125041,125042],{},"You can use triple double quotes:",[38,125044,125046],{"className":40,"code":125045,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"message = \"\"\"Hello\nWelcome to Python\nHave a nice day\"\"\"\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125047,125048,125059,125064,125071,125075],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125049,125050,125052,125054,125057],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125051,298],{"class":53},[47,125053,58],{"class":57},[47,125055,125056],{"class":151}," \"\"\"",[47,125058,88872],{"class":155},[47,125060,125061],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,125062,125063],{"class":155},"Welcome to Python\n",[47,125065,125066,125069],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,125067,125068],{"class":155},"Have a nice day",[47,125070,43267],{"class":151},[47,125072,125073],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,125074,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,125076,125077,125079,125081,125083],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,125078,99],{"class":98},[47,125080,78],{"class":77},[47,125082,334],{"class":81},[47,125084,85],{"class":77},[20,125086,125087],{},"Or triple single quotes:",[38,125089,125091],{"className":40,"code":125090,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"message = '''Line 1\nLine 2\nLine 3'''\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125092,125093,125105,125110,125118,125122],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125094,125095,125097,125099,125102],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125096,298],{"class":53},[47,125098,58],{"class":57},[47,125100,125101],{"class":151}," '''",[47,125103,125104],{"class":155},"Line 1\n",[47,125106,125107],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,125108,125109],{"class":155},"Line 2\n",[47,125111,125112,125115],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,125113,125114],{"class":155},"Line 3",[47,125116,125117],{"class":151},"'''\n",[47,125119,125120],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,125121,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,125123,125124,125126,125128,125130],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,125125,99],{"class":98},[47,125127,78],{"class":77},[47,125129,334],{"class":81},[47,125131,85],{"class":77},[20,125133,125134],{},"Python keeps the line breaks inside the string.",[20,125136,125137],{},"Use triple quotes when you really need multiple lines. For normal one-line text, single or double quotes are usually clearer.",[33,125139,125141],{"id":125140},"convert-values-to-strings-with-str","Convert values to strings with str()",[20,125143,1939,125144,125146],{},[15,125145,17],{}," function converts other values into strings.",[20,125148,125149],{},"Example with a number:",[38,125151,125153],{"className":40,"code":125152,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = str(42)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,125154,125155,125169,125179],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125156,125157,125159,125161,125163,125165,125167],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125158,68],{"class":53},[47,125160,58],{"class":57},[47,125162,74],{"class":73},[47,125164,78],{"class":77},[47,125166,46454],{"class":61},[47,125168,85],{"class":77},[47,125170,125171,125173,125175,125177],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,125172,99],{"class":98},[47,125174,78],{"class":77},[47,125176,104],{"class":81},[47,125178,85],{"class":77},[47,125180,125181,125183,125185,125187,125189,125191],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,125182,99],{"class":98},[47,125184,78],{"class":77},[47,125186,116],{"class":73},[47,125188,78],{"class":77},[47,125190,104],{"class":81},[47,125192,123],{"class":77},[20,125194,129],{},[38,125196,125198],{"className":40,"code":125197,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,125199,125200,125204],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125201,125202],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125203,1025],{"class":61},[47,125205,125206,125208,125210,125212,125214,125216],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,125207,144],{"class":57},[47,125209,148],{"class":147},[47,125211,152],{"class":151},[47,125213,156],{"class":155},[47,125215,159],{"class":151},[47,125217,162],{"class":57},[20,125219,125220],{},"You can also convert other values:",[38,125222,125224],{"className":40,"code":125223,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(str(True))\nprint(str(3.14))\n",[15,125225,125226,125240],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125227,125228,125230,125232,125234,125236,125238],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125229,99],{"class":98},[47,125231,78],{"class":77},[47,125233,156],{"class":73},[47,125235,78],{"class":77},[47,125237,212],{"class":571},[47,125239,123],{"class":77},[47,125241,125242,125244,125246,125248,125250,125252],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,125243,99],{"class":98},[47,125245,78],{"class":77},[47,125247,156],{"class":73},[47,125249,78],{"class":77},[47,125251,203],{"class":61},[47,125253,123],{"class":77},[20,125255,125256],{},"This is useful when you need to combine text with other data.",[38,125258,125260],{"className":40,"code":125259,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"age = 25\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125261,125262,125270,125292,125296],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125263,125264,125266,125268],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125265,54],{"class":53},[47,125267,58],{"class":57},[47,125269,62],{"class":61},[47,125271,125272,125274,125276,125278,125280,125282,125284,125286,125288,125290],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,125273,298],{"class":53},[47,125275,58],{"class":57},[47,125277,303],{"class":151},[47,125279,89348],{"class":155},[47,125281,309],{"class":151},[47,125283,312],{"class":57},[47,125285,74],{"class":73},[47,125287,78],{"class":77},[47,125289,82],{"class":81},[47,125291,85],{"class":77},[47,125293,125294],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,125295,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,125297,125298,125300,125302,125304],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,125299,99],{"class":98},[47,125301,78],{"class":77},[47,125303,334],{"class":81},[47,125305,85],{"class":77},[20,125307,125308,125309,1389,125313,914],{},"If you want to learn this function in more detail, see ",[360,125310,13,125311,1834],{"href":42107},[15,125312,17],{},[360,125314,125315],{"href":1857},"how to convert int to string in Python",[33,125317,125319],{"id":125318},"single-quotes-vs-double-quotes","Single quotes vs double quotes",[20,125321,125322],{},"There is no major difference between single quotes and double quotes for normal strings.",[20,125324,125325],{},"Both of these are valid:",[38,125327,125329],{"className":40,"code":125328,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = 'Python'\nb = \"Python\"\n",[15,125330,125331,125343],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125332,125333,125335,125337,125339,125341],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125334,2501],{"class":53},[47,125336,58],{"class":57},[47,125338,152],{"class":151},[47,125340,7229],{"class":155},[47,125342,29634],{"class":151},[47,125344,125345,125347,125349,125351,125353],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,125346,2529],{"class":53},[47,125348,58],{"class":57},[47,125350,303],{"class":151},[47,125352,7229],{"class":155},[47,125354,820],{"class":151},[20,125356,125357],{},"A common rule is:",[185,125359,125360,125363,125366],{},[188,125361,125362],{},"Use double quotes if the text contains a single quote",[188,125364,125365],{},"Use single quotes if the text contains double quotes",[188,125367,125368],{},"Pick one style and stay consistent",[20,125370,800],{},[38,125372,125374],{"className":40,"code":125373,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text1 = \"It's working\"\ntext2 = 'She said \"hello\"'\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,125375,125376,125390,125404,125408,125419],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125377,125378,125381,125383,125385,125388],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125379,125380],{"class":53},"text1 ",[47,125382,58],{"class":57},[47,125384,303],{"class":151},[47,125386,125387],{"class":155},"It's working",[47,125389,820],{"class":151},[47,125391,125392,125395,125397,125399,125402],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,125393,125394],{"class":53},"text2 ",[47,125396,58],{"class":57},[47,125398,152],{"class":151},[47,125400,125401],{"class":155},"She said \"hello\"",[47,125403,29634],{"class":151},[47,125405,125406],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,125407,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,125409,125410,125412,125414,125417],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,125411,99],{"class":98},[47,125413,78],{"class":77},[47,125415,125416],{"class":81},"text1",[47,125418,85],{"class":77},[47,125420,125421,125423,125425,125428],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,125422,99],{"class":98},[47,125424,78],{"class":77},[47,125426,125427],{"class":81},"text2",[47,125429,85],{"class":77},[20,125431,125432],{},"This helps you avoid unnecessary escaping.",[33,125434,125436],{"id":125435},"escaping-quote-characters","Escaping quote characters",[20,125438,125439],{},"A quote character can end a string too early if it matches the quote used to start the string.",[20,125441,125442],{},"For example, this causes a problem:",[38,125444,125446],{"className":40,"code":125445,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's working'\n",[15,125447,125448,125453],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125449,125450],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125451,125452],{"class":1378},"# This will cause an error\n",[47,125454,125455],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,125456,125457],{"class":1378},"# text = 'It's working'\n",[20,125459,125460,125461,35263,125463,125466],{},"Python sees the second ",[15,125462,159],{},[15,125464,125465],{},"It's"," as the end of the string.",[20,125468,125469],{},"To fix this, use a backslash:",[38,125471,125473],{"className":40,"code":125472,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = 'It\\'s working'\nprint(text)\n",[15,125474,125475,125494],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125476,125477,125479,125481,125483,125486,125489,125492],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125478,68],{"class":53},[47,125480,58],{"class":57},[47,125482,152],{"class":151},[47,125484,125485],{"class":155},"It",[47,125487,125488],{"class":34387},"\\'",[47,125490,125491],{"class":155},"s working",[47,125493,29634],{"class":151},[47,125495,125496,125498,125500,125502],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,125497,99],{"class":98},[47,125499,78],{"class":77},[47,125501,104],{"class":81},[47,125503,85],{"class":77},[20,125505,125506],{},"You can also switch quote styles:",[38,125508,125510],{"className":40,"code":125509,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"It's working\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125511,125512,125524],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125513,125514,125516,125518,125520,125522],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125515,68],{"class":53},[47,125517,58],{"class":57},[47,125519,303],{"class":151},[47,125521,125387],{"class":155},[47,125523,820],{"class":151},[47,125525,125526,125528,125530,125532],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,125527,99],{"class":98},[47,125529,78],{"class":77},[47,125531,104],{"class":81},[47,125533,85],{"class":77},[20,125535,125536],{},"In many cases, switching quote styles is simpler than escaping.",[20,125538,125539,125540,914],{},"If you get a quote-related error, see ",[360,125541,125543],{"href":125542},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fsyntaxerror-eol-while-scanning-string-literal-fix\u002F","SyntaxError: EOL while scanning string literal",[33,125545,2775],{"id":2774},[20,125547,125548],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating strings.",[373,125550,90133],{"id":90132},[20,125552,125553],{},"If you write text without quotes, Python treats it like a variable name.",[38,125555,125557],{"className":40,"code":125556,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# This will cause an error\n# name = Alice\n",[15,125558,125559,125563],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125560,125561],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125562,125452],{"class":1378},[47,125564,125565],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,125566,125567],{"class":1378},"# name = Alice\n",[20,125569,125570,125571,8532,125574,125576],{},"Python may raise a ",[15,125572,125573],{},"NameError",[15,125575,4938],{}," is not defined.",[20,125578,10740],{},[38,125580,125582],{"className":40,"code":125581,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(name)\n",[15,125583,125584,125596],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125585,125586,125588,125590,125592,125594],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125587,810],{"class":53},[47,125589,58],{"class":57},[47,125591,303],{"class":151},[47,125593,4938],{"class":155},[47,125595,820],{"class":151},[47,125597,125598,125600,125602,125604],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,125599,99],{"class":98},[47,125601,78],{"class":77},[47,125603,7601],{"class":81},[47,125605,85],{"class":77},[373,125607,125609],{"id":125608},"mixing-quote-characters-incorrectly","Mixing quote characters incorrectly",[20,125611,125612],{},"This can break the string early and cause a syntax error.",[38,125614,125616],{"className":40,"code":125615,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's good'\n",[15,125617,125618,125622],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125619,125620],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125621,125452],{"class":1378},[47,125623,125624],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,125625,125626],{"class":1378},"# text = 'It's good'\n",[20,125628,125629],{},"Fix it by escaping the quote or changing quote styles:",[38,125631,125633],{"className":40,"code":125632,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text1 = 'It\\'s good'\ntext2 = \"It's good\"\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,125634,125635,125652,125665,125669,125679],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125636,125637,125639,125641,125643,125645,125647,125650],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125638,125380],{"class":53},[47,125640,58],{"class":57},[47,125642,152],{"class":151},[47,125644,125485],{"class":155},[47,125646,125488],{"class":34387},[47,125648,125649],{"class":155},"s good",[47,125651,29634],{"class":151},[47,125653,125654,125656,125658,125660,125663],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,125655,125394],{"class":53},[47,125657,58],{"class":57},[47,125659,303],{"class":151},[47,125661,125662],{"class":155},"It's good",[47,125664,820],{"class":151},[47,125666,125667],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,125668,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,125670,125671,125673,125675,125677],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,125672,99],{"class":98},[47,125674,78],{"class":77},[47,125676,125416],{"class":81},[47,125678,85],{"class":77},[47,125680,125681,125683,125685,125687],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,125682,99],{"class":98},[47,125684,78],{"class":77},[47,125686,125427],{"class":81},[47,125688,85],{"class":77},[373,125690,125692],{"id":125691},"using-triple-quotes-when-a-single-line-string-is-enough","Using triple quotes when a single-line string is enough",[20,125694,125695],{},"Triple quotes work, but they are usually best for multi-line text.",[38,125697,125699],{"className":40,"code":125698,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"\"\"hello\"\"\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125700,125701,125713],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125702,125703,125705,125707,125709,125711],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125704,68],{"class":53},[47,125706,58],{"class":57},[47,125708,125056],{"class":151},[47,125710,3781],{"class":155},[47,125712,43267],{"class":151},[47,125714,125715,125717,125719,125721],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,125716,99],{"class":98},[47,125718,78],{"class":77},[47,125720,104],{"class":81},[47,125722,85],{"class":77},[20,125724,125725],{},"This is valid, but for one line, this is simpler:",[38,125727,125729],{"className":40,"code":125728,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125730,125731,125743],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125732,125733,125735,125737,125739,125741],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125734,68],{"class":53},[47,125736,58],{"class":57},[47,125738,303],{"class":151},[47,125740,3781],{"class":155},[47,125742,820],{"class":151},[47,125744,125745,125747,125749,125751],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,125746,99],{"class":98},[47,125748,78],{"class":77},[47,125750,104],{"class":81},[47,125752,85],{"class":77},[373,125754,4514,125756,4329,125758,125760],{"id":125755},"assuming-123-and-123-are-the-same-type",[15,125757,50171],{},[15,125759,50221],{}," are the same type",[20,125762,125763],{},"They are different:",[38,125765,125767],{"className":40,"code":125766,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value1 = 123\nvalue2 = \"123\"\n\nprint(type(value1))\nprint(type(value2))\n",[15,125768,125769,125778,125791,125795,125809],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125770,125771,125774,125776],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125772,125773],{"class":53},"value1 ",[47,125775,58],{"class":57},[47,125777,124784],{"class":61},[47,125779,125780,125783,125785,125787,125789],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,125781,125782],{"class":53},"value2 ",[47,125784,58],{"class":57},[47,125786,303],{"class":151},[47,125788,50171],{"class":155},[47,125790,820],{"class":151},[47,125792,125793],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,125794,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,125796,125797,125799,125801,125803,125805,125807],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,125798,99],{"class":98},[47,125800,78],{"class":77},[47,125802,116],{"class":73},[47,125804,78],{"class":77},[47,125806,84694],{"class":81},[47,125808,123],{"class":77},[47,125810,125811,125813,125815,125817,125819,125822],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,125812,99],{"class":98},[47,125814,78],{"class":77},[47,125816,116],{"class":73},[47,125818,78],{"class":77},[47,125820,125821],{"class":81},"value2",[47,125823,123],{"class":77},[20,125825,129],{},[38,125827,125829],{"className":40,"code":125828,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,125830,125831,125845],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125832,125833,125835,125837,125839,125841,125843],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125834,144],{"class":57},[47,125836,148],{"class":147},[47,125838,152],{"class":151},[47,125840,1050],{"class":155},[47,125842,159],{"class":151},[47,125844,162],{"class":57},[47,125846,125847,125849,125851,125853,125855,125857],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,125848,144],{"class":57},[47,125850,148],{"class":147},[47,125852,152],{"class":151},[47,125854,156],{"class":155},[47,125856,159],{"class":151},[47,125858,162],{"class":57},[373,125860,125862],{"id":125861},"trying-to-join-text-and-numbers-without-converting-first","Trying to join text and numbers without converting first",[20,125864,125865],{},"This causes a type error:",[38,125867,125869],{"className":40,"code":125868,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# This will cause an error\n# age = 10\n# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[15,125870,125871,125875,125880],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125872,125873],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125874,125452],{"class":1378},[47,125876,125877],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,125878,125879],{"class":1378},"# age = 10\n",[47,125881,125882],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,125883,125884],{"class":1378},"# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[20,125886,125887,125888,2826],{},"Fix it with ",[15,125889,17],{},[38,125891,125893],{"className":40,"code":125892,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"age = 10\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125894,125895,125903,125925,125929],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125896,125897,125899,125901],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125898,54],{"class":53},[47,125900,58],{"class":57},[47,125902,391],{"class":61},[47,125904,125905,125907,125909,125911,125913,125915,125917,125919,125921,125923],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,125906,298],{"class":53},[47,125908,58],{"class":57},[47,125910,303],{"class":151},[47,125912,89348],{"class":155},[47,125914,309],{"class":151},[47,125916,312],{"class":57},[47,125918,74],{"class":73},[47,125920,78],{"class":77},[47,125922,82],{"class":81},[47,125924,85],{"class":77},[47,125926,125927],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,125928,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,125930,125931,125933,125935,125937],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,125932,99],{"class":98},[47,125934,78],{"class":77},[47,125936,334],{"class":81},[47,125938,85],{"class":77},[20,125940,125941,125942,914],{},"For this specific error, see ",[360,125943,1655],{"href":1651},[373,125945,60638],{"id":60637},[20,125947,125948],{},"If you are not sure what value you created, these commands help:",[38,125950,125952],{"className":40,"code":125951,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(repr(text))\n",[15,125953,125954,125966,125970,125980,125994],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125955,125956,125958,125960,125962,125964],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125957,68],{"class":53},[47,125959,58],{"class":57},[47,125961,303],{"class":151},[47,125963,3781],{"class":155},[47,125965,820],{"class":151},[47,125967,125968],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,125969,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,125971,125972,125974,125976,125978],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,125973,99],{"class":98},[47,125975,78],{"class":77},[47,125977,104],{"class":81},[47,125979,85],{"class":77},[47,125981,125982,125984,125986,125988,125990,125992],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,125983,99],{"class":98},[47,125985,78],{"class":77},[47,125987,116],{"class":73},[47,125989,78],{"class":77},[47,125991,104],{"class":81},[47,125993,123],{"class":77},[47,125995,125996,125998,126000,126002,126004,126006],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,125997,99],{"class":98},[47,125999,78],{"class":77},[47,126001,41713],{"class":98},[47,126003,78],{"class":77},[47,126005,104],{"class":81},[47,126007,123],{"class":77},[185,126009,126010,126015,126020],{},[188,126011,126012,46209],{},[15,126013,126014],{},"print(text)",[188,126016,126017,46214],{},[15,126018,126019],{},"print(type(text))",[188,126021,126022,126025],{},[15,126023,126024],{},"print(repr(text))"," shows the exact string representation, which is helpful for spaces and escape characters",[33,126027,1762],{"id":1761},[373,126029,126031],{"id":126030},"how-do-i-create-a-string-in-python","How do I create a string in Python?",[20,126033,126034,126035,1389,126038,914],{},"Put text inside single quotes or double quotes, like ",[15,126036,126037],{},"'hello'",[15,126039,64462],{},[373,126041,126043],{"id":126042},"what-is-the-difference-between-single-and-double-quotes-in-python","What is the difference between single and double quotes in Python?",[20,126045,126046],{},"Usually none. They both create strings. Choose the one that avoids extra escaping.",[373,126048,126050],{"id":126049},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-string","How do I create an empty string?",[20,126052,165,126053,1389,126055,914],{},[15,126054,6207],{},[15,126056,3708],{},[373,126058,126060],{"id":126059},"how-do-i-turn-a-number-into-a-string","How do I turn a number into a string?",[20,126062,165,126063,126065,126066,126068,126069,914],{},[15,126064,17],{},", like ",[15,126067,80304],{},", which returns ",[15,126070,197],{},[373,126072,126074],{"id":126073},"how-do-i-write-a-string-on-multiple-lines","How do I write a string on multiple lines?",[20,126076,126077],{},"Use triple quotes so Python keeps the line breaks.",[33,126079,1825],{"id":1824},[185,126081,126082,126086,126092,126097,126106,126110],{},[188,126083,126084],{},[360,126085,124857],{"href":50901},[188,126087,126088],{},[360,126089,13,126090,1834],{"href":42107},[15,126091,17],{},[188,126093,126094],{},[360,126095,126096],{"href":1857},"How to convert int to string in Python",[188,126098,126099],{},[360,126100,126102,126103,10673],{"href":126101},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method\u002F","Python string ",[15,126104,126105],{},"format()",[188,126107,126108],{},[360,126109,125543],{"href":125542},[188,126111,126112],{},[360,126113,1655],{"href":1651},[1875,126115,126116],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":65,"depth":65,"links":126118},[126119,126120,126121,126122,126123,126124,126125,126126,126127,126136,126143],{"id":15096,"depth":65,"text":15097},{"id":124696,"depth":65,"text":124697},{"id":124860,"depth":65,"text":124861},{"id":124935,"depth":65,"text":124936},{"id":125035,"depth":65,"text":125036},{"id":125140,"depth":65,"text":125141},{"id":125318,"depth":65,"text":125319},{"id":125435,"depth":65,"text":125436},{"id":2774,"depth":65,"text":2775,"children":126128},[126129,126130,126131,126132,126134,126135],{"id":90132,"depth":88,"text":90133},{"id":125608,"depth":88,"text":125609},{"id":125691,"depth":88,"text":125692},{"id":125755,"depth":88,"text":126133},"Assuming 123 and \"123\" are the same type",{"id":125861,"depth":88,"text":125862},{"id":60637,"depth":88,"text":60638},{"id":1761,"depth":65,"text":1762,"children":126137},[126138,126139,126140,126141,126142],{"id":126030,"depth":88,"text":126031},{"id":126042,"depth":88,"text":126043},{"id":126049,"depth":88,"text":126050},{"id":126059,"depth":88,"text":126060},{"id":126073,"depth":88,"text":126074},{"id":1824,"depth":65,"text":1825},"Master python string creating a string in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string",{"title":124558,"description":126144},"reference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string","4BQU6hnmGKtWtbnNEuQ2DsM1B7YLS8pxu2cdWLKXLUE",{"id":126151,"title":126152,"body":126153,"description":128067,"extension":1922,"meta":128068,"navigation":91,"path":128069,"seo":128070,"stem":128071,"__hash__":128072},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method.md","Python String endswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":126154,"toc":128028},[126155,126161,126166,126174,126176,126243,126245,126257,126266,126271,126275,126292,126294,126359,126361,126373,126378,126380,126408,126429,126432,126471,126473,126481,126485,126489,126493,126501,126504,126545,126547,126555,126558,126615,126617,126625,126629,126634,126678,126680,126688,126697,126701,126706,126754,126756,126764,126770,126772,126776,126788,126793,126872,126874,126894,126898,126902,126942,126944,126952,126956,126999,127001,127009,127013,127053,127055,127063,127067,127123,127125,127133,127139,127141,127145,127155,127222,127224,127237,127244,127287,127289,127297,127301,127304,127360,127362,127370,127373,127375,127452,127454,127462,127471,127473,127477,127481,127483,127505,127508,127555,127559,127598,127600,127608,127610,127652,127659,127664,127726,127728,127740,127746,127751,127800,127802,127821,127827,127829,127848,127850,127941,127943,127949,127956,127962,127968,127973,127982,127989,127997,127999,128025],[10,126156,123102,126158,11256],{"id":126157},"python-string-endswith-method",[15,126159,126160],{},"endswith()",[20,126162,123107,126163,126165],{},[15,126164,126160],{}," method checks whether a string ends with specific text.",[20,126167,126168,126169,1389,126171,126173],{},"It is useful when you want a simple ",[15,126170,212],{},[15,126172,3609],{}," answer. Beginners often use it for file extensions, URL endings, and checking user input.",[33,126175,36],{"id":35},[38,126177,126179],{"className":40,"code":126178,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,126180,126181,126195,126220],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126182,126183,126186,126188,126190,126193],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126184,126185],{"class":53},"filename ",[47,126187,58],{"class":57},[47,126189,303],{"class":151},[47,126191,126192],{"class":155},"report.csv",[47,126194,820],{"class":151},[47,126196,126197,126199,126201,126204,126206,126209,126211,126213,126216,126218],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,126198,99],{"class":98},[47,126200,78],{"class":77},[47,126202,126203],{"class":81},"filename",[47,126205,914],{"class":77},[47,126207,126208],{"class":81},"endswith",[47,126210,78],{"class":77},[47,126212,309],{"class":151},[47,126214,126215],{"class":155},".csv",[47,126217,309],{"class":151},[47,126219,123],{"class":77},[47,126221,126222,126224,126226,126228,126230,126232,126234,126236,126239,126241],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,126223,99],{"class":98},[47,126225,78],{"class":77},[47,126227,126203],{"class":81},[47,126229,914],{"class":77},[47,126231,126208],{"class":81},[47,126233,78],{"class":77},[47,126235,309],{"class":151},[47,126237,126238],{"class":155},".txt",[47,126240,309],{"class":151},[47,126242,123],{"class":77},[20,126244,129],{},[38,126246,126247],{"className":40,"code":44105,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,126248,126249,126253],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126250,126251],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126252,629],{"class":571},[47,126254,126255],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,126256,3976],{"class":571},[20,126258,165,126259,5302,126261,1389,126263,126265],{},[15,126260,126160],{},[15,126262,212],{},[15,126264,3609],{}," based on the ending of a string.",[33,126267,172,126269,175],{"id":126268},"what-endswith-does",[15,126270,126160],{},[20,126272,126273,2826],{},[15,126274,126160],{},[185,126276,126277,126280,126286,126289],{},[188,126278,126279],{},"Checks whether a string ends with a given suffix",[188,126281,11358,126282,1389,126284],{},[15,126283,212],{},[15,126285,3609],{},[188,126287,126288],{},"Does not change the original string",[188,126290,126291],{},"Works well with normal text such as file names, URLs, and sentence endings",[20,126293,800],{},[38,126295,126297],{"className":40,"code":126296,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\"world\"))\nprint(text.endswith(\"hello\"))\n",[15,126298,126299,126311,126315,126337],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126300,126301,126303,126305,126307,126309],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126302,68],{"class":53},[47,126304,58],{"class":57},[47,126306,303],{"class":151},[47,126308,60334],{"class":155},[47,126310,820],{"class":151},[47,126312,126313],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,126314,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,126316,126317,126319,126321,126323,126325,126327,126329,126331,126333,126335],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,126318,99],{"class":98},[47,126320,78],{"class":77},[47,126322,104],{"class":81},[47,126324,914],{"class":77},[47,126326,126208],{"class":81},[47,126328,78],{"class":77},[47,126330,309],{"class":151},[47,126332,60519],{"class":155},[47,126334,309],{"class":151},[47,126336,123],{"class":77},[47,126338,126339,126341,126343,126345,126347,126349,126351,126353,126355,126357],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,126340,99],{"class":98},[47,126342,78],{"class":77},[47,126344,104],{"class":81},[47,126346,914],{"class":77},[47,126348,126208],{"class":81},[47,126350,78],{"class":77},[47,126352,309],{"class":151},[47,126354,3781],{"class":155},[47,126356,309],{"class":151},[47,126358,123],{"class":77},[20,126360,129],{},[38,126362,126363],{"className":40,"code":44105,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,126364,126365,126369],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126366,126367],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126368,629],{"class":571},[47,126370,126371],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,126372,3976],{"class":571},[20,126374,126375,126376,914],{},"If you are learning string basics, see ",[360,126377,124857],{"href":50901},[33,126379,245],{"id":244},[38,126381,126383],{"className":40,"code":126382,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"string.endswith(suffix, start, end)\n",[15,126384,126385],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126386,126387,126389,126391,126393,126395,126398,126400,126402,126404,126406],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126388,61102],{"class":53},[47,126390,914],{"class":77},[47,126392,126208],{"class":81},[47,126394,78],{"class":77},[47,126396,126397],{"class":81},"suffix",[47,126399,668],{"class":77},[47,126401,35985],{"class":81},[47,126403,668],{"class":77},[47,126405,64967],{"class":81},[47,126407,85],{"class":77},[185,126409,126410,126415,126422],{},[188,126411,126412,126414],{},[15,126413,126397],{}," is required",[188,126416,126417,4329,126419,126421],{},[15,126418,36006],{},[15,126420,52587],{}," are optional",[188,126423,126424,4329,126426,126428],{},[15,126425,36006],{},[15,126427,52587],{}," limit which part of the string is checked",[20,126430,126431],{},"Basic example:",[38,126433,126435],{"className":40,"code":126434,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"filename = \"notes.txt\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,126436,126437,126449],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126438,126439,126441,126443,126445,126447],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126440,126185],{"class":53},[47,126442,58],{"class":57},[47,126444,303],{"class":151},[47,126446,86818],{"class":155},[47,126448,820],{"class":151},[47,126450,126451,126453,126455,126457,126459,126461,126463,126465,126467,126469],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,126452,99],{"class":98},[47,126454,78],{"class":77},[47,126456,126203],{"class":81},[47,126458,914],{"class":77},[47,126460,126208],{"class":81},[47,126462,78],{"class":77},[47,126464,309],{"class":151},[47,126466,126238],{"class":155},[47,126468,309],{"class":151},[47,126470,123],{"class":77},[20,126472,129],{},[38,126474,126475],{"className":40,"code":629,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,126476,126477],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126478,126479],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126480,629],{"class":571},[33,126482,126484],{"id":126483},"arguments-explained","Arguments explained",[373,126486,126487],{"id":126397},[15,126488,126397],{},[20,126490,126491,30684],{},[15,126492,126397],{},[185,126494,126495,126498],{},[188,126496,126497],{},"A single string",[188,126499,126500],{},"A tuple of strings",[20,126502,126503],{},"Single suffix:",[38,126505,126507],{"className":40,"code":126506,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith(\".png\"))\n",[15,126508,126509,126522],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126510,126511,126513,126515,126517,126520],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126512,810],{"class":53},[47,126514,58],{"class":57},[47,126516,303],{"class":151},[47,126518,126519],{"class":155},"image.png",[47,126521,820],{"class":151},[47,126523,126524,126526,126528,126530,126532,126534,126536,126538,126541,126543],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,126525,99],{"class":98},[47,126527,78],{"class":77},[47,126529,7601],{"class":81},[47,126531,914],{"class":77},[47,126533,126208],{"class":81},[47,126535,78],{"class":77},[47,126537,309],{"class":151},[47,126539,126540],{"class":155},".png",[47,126542,309],{"class":151},[47,126544,123],{"class":77},[20,126546,129],{},[38,126548,126549],{"className":40,"code":629,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,126550,126551],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126552,126553],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126554,629],{"class":571},[20,126556,126557],{},"Tuple of suffixes:",[38,126559,126561],{"className":40,"code":126560,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,126562,126563,126575],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126564,126565,126567,126569,126571,126573],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126566,810],{"class":53},[47,126568,58],{"class":57},[47,126570,303],{"class":151},[47,126572,126519],{"class":155},[47,126574,820],{"class":151},[47,126576,126577,126579,126581,126583,126585,126587,126589,126591,126594,126596,126598,126600,126602,126604,126606,126608,126611,126613],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,126578,99],{"class":98},[47,126580,78],{"class":77},[47,126582,7601],{"class":81},[47,126584,914],{"class":77},[47,126586,126208],{"class":81},[47,126588,5444],{"class":77},[47,126590,309],{"class":151},[47,126592,126593],{"class":155},".jpg",[47,126595,309],{"class":151},[47,126597,668],{"class":77},[47,126599,303],{"class":151},[47,126601,126540],{"class":155},[47,126603,309],{"class":151},[47,126605,668],{"class":77},[47,126607,303],{"class":151},[47,126609,126610],{"class":155},".gif",[47,126612,309],{"class":151},[47,126614,2854],{"class":77},[20,126616,129],{},[38,126618,126619],{"className":40,"code":629,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,126620,126621],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126622,126623],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126624,629],{"class":571},[373,126626,126627],{"id":36006},[15,126628,36006],{},[20,126630,126631,126633],{},[15,126632,36006],{}," tells Python where to begin checking in the string.",[38,126635,126637],{"className":40,"code":126636,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"my_report.csv\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 3))\n",[15,126638,126639,126652],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126640,126641,126643,126645,126647,126650],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126642,68],{"class":53},[47,126644,58],{"class":57},[47,126646,303],{"class":151},[47,126648,126649],{"class":155},"my_report.csv",[47,126651,820],{"class":151},[47,126653,126654,126656,126658,126660,126662,126664,126666,126668,126670,126672,126674,126676],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,126655,99],{"class":98},[47,126657,78],{"class":77},[47,126659,104],{"class":81},[47,126661,914],{"class":77},[47,126663,126208],{"class":81},[47,126665,78],{"class":77},[47,126667,309],{"class":151},[47,126669,126215],{"class":155},[47,126671,309],{"class":151},[47,126673,668],{"class":77},[47,126675,676],{"class":61},[47,126677,123],{"class":77},[20,126679,129],{},[38,126681,126682],{"className":40,"code":629,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,126683,126684],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126685,126686],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126687,629],{"class":571},[20,126689,126690,126691,126693,126694,914],{},"Python checks the part from index ",[15,126692,2021],{}," onward, which is ",[15,126695,126696],{},"\"report.csv\"",[373,126698,126699],{"id":52587},[15,126700,52587],{},[20,126702,126703,126705],{},[15,126704,52587],{}," tells Python where to stop checking before the end of the full string.",[38,126707,126709],{"className":40,"code":126708,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"report.csv backup\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 0, 10))\n",[15,126710,126711,126724],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126712,126713,126715,126717,126719,126722],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126714,68],{"class":53},[47,126716,58],{"class":57},[47,126718,303],{"class":151},[47,126720,126721],{"class":155},"report.csv backup",[47,126723,820],{"class":151},[47,126725,126726,126728,126730,126732,126734,126736,126738,126740,126742,126744,126746,126748,126750,126752],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,126727,99],{"class":98},[47,126729,78],{"class":77},[47,126731,104],{"class":81},[47,126733,914],{"class":77},[47,126735,126208],{"class":81},[47,126737,78],{"class":77},[47,126739,309],{"class":151},[47,126741,126215],{"class":155},[47,126743,309],{"class":151},[47,126745,668],{"class":77},[47,126747,3769],{"class":61},[47,126749,668],{"class":77},[47,126751,5939],{"class":61},[47,126753,123],{"class":77},[20,126755,129],{},[38,126757,126758],{"className":40,"code":629,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,126759,126760],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126761,126762],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126763,629],{"class":571},[20,126765,126766,126767,126769],{},"Here, Python only checks ",[15,126768,126696],{}," and ignores the rest.",[33,126771,1504],{"id":1503},[20,126773,126774,25443],{},[15,126775,126160],{},[185,126777,126778,126783],{},[188,126779,126780,126782],{},[15,126781,212],{}," if the string ends with the suffix",[188,126784,126785,126787],{},[15,126786,3609],{}," if it does not",[20,126789,126790,126791,7105],{},"This makes it very useful inside ",[15,126792,6930],{},[38,126794,126796],{"className":40,"code":126795,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"filename = \"data.csv\"\n\nif filename.endswith(\".csv\"):\n    print(\"This is a CSV file.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is not a CSV file.\")\n",[15,126797,126798,126811,126815,126836,126851,126857],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126799,126800,126802,126804,126806,126809],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126801,126185],{"class":53},[47,126803,58],{"class":57},[47,126805,303],{"class":151},[47,126807,126808],{"class":155},"data.csv",[47,126810,820],{"class":151},[47,126812,126813],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,126814,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,126816,126817,126819,126822,126824,126826,126828,126830,126832,126834],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,126818,6930],{"class":3812},[47,126820,126821],{"class":53}," filename",[47,126823,914],{"class":77},[47,126825,126208],{"class":81},[47,126827,78],{"class":77},[47,126829,309],{"class":151},[47,126831,126215],{"class":155},[47,126833,309],{"class":151},[47,126835,8273],{"class":77},[47,126837,126838,126840,126842,126844,126847,126849],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,126839,8000],{"class":98},[47,126841,78],{"class":77},[47,126843,309],{"class":151},[47,126845,126846],{"class":155},"This is a CSV file.",[47,126848,309],{"class":151},[47,126850,85],{"class":77},[47,126852,126853,126855],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,126854,27367],{"class":3812},[47,126856,6329],{"class":77},[47,126858,126859,126861,126863,126865,126868,126870],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,126860,8000],{"class":98},[47,126862,78],{"class":77},[47,126864,309],{"class":151},[47,126866,126867],{"class":155},"This is not a CSV file.",[47,126869,309],{"class":151},[47,126871,85],{"class":77},[20,126873,129],{},[38,126875,126877],{"className":40,"code":126876,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"This is a CSV file.\n",[15,126878,126879],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126880,126881,126883,126885,126887,126890,126892],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126882,49804],{"class":53},[47,126884,353],{"class":57},[47,126886,44476],{"class":53},[47,126888,126889],{"class":34387},"CSV",[47,126891,86559],{"class":86558},[47,126893,906],{"class":77},[33,126895,126897],{"id":126896},"common-beginner-examples","Common beginner examples",[373,126899,126901],{"id":126900},"check-a-file-extension","Check a file extension",[38,126903,126905],{"className":40,"code":126904,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"filename = \"sales.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,126906,126907,126920],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126908,126909,126911,126913,126915,126918],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126910,126185],{"class":53},[47,126912,58],{"class":57},[47,126914,303],{"class":151},[47,126916,126917],{"class":155},"sales.csv",[47,126919,820],{"class":151},[47,126921,126922,126924,126926,126928,126930,126932,126934,126936,126938,126940],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,126923,99],{"class":98},[47,126925,78],{"class":77},[47,126927,126203],{"class":81},[47,126929,914],{"class":77},[47,126931,126208],{"class":81},[47,126933,78],{"class":77},[47,126935,309],{"class":151},[47,126937,126215],{"class":155},[47,126939,309],{"class":151},[47,126941,123],{"class":77},[20,126943,129],{},[38,126945,126946],{"className":40,"code":629,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,126947,126948],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126949,126950],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126951,629],{"class":571},[373,126953,126955],{"id":126954},"check-whether-a-url-ends-with-a-slash","Check whether a URL ends with a slash",[38,126957,126959],{"className":40,"code":126958,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F\"\nprint(url.endswith(\"\u002F\"))\n",[15,126960,126961,126975],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126962,126963,126966,126968,126970,126973],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126964,126965],{"class":53},"url ",[47,126967,58],{"class":57},[47,126969,303],{"class":151},[47,126971,126972],{"class":155},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F",[47,126974,820],{"class":151},[47,126976,126977,126979,126981,126984,126986,126988,126990,126992,126995,126997],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,126978,99],{"class":98},[47,126980,78],{"class":77},[47,126982,126983],{"class":81},"url",[47,126985,914],{"class":77},[47,126987,126208],{"class":81},[47,126989,78],{"class":77},[47,126991,309],{"class":151},[47,126993,126994],{"class":155},"\u002F",[47,126996,309],{"class":151},[47,126998,123],{"class":77},[20,127000,129],{},[38,127002,127003],{"className":40,"code":629,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,127004,127005],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127006,127007],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127008,629],{"class":571},[373,127010,127012],{"id":127011},"check-whether-user-input-ends-with-punctuation","Check whether user input ends with punctuation",[38,127014,127016],{"className":40,"code":127015,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"message = \"Hello!\"\nprint(message.endswith(\"!\"))\n",[15,127017,127018,127031],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127019,127020,127022,127024,127026,127029],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127021,298],{"class":53},[47,127023,58],{"class":57},[47,127025,303],{"class":151},[47,127027,127028],{"class":155},"Hello!",[47,127030,820],{"class":151},[47,127032,127033,127035,127037,127039,127041,127043,127045,127047,127049,127051],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,127034,99],{"class":98},[47,127036,78],{"class":77},[47,127038,334],{"class":81},[47,127040,914],{"class":77},[47,127042,126208],{"class":81},[47,127044,78],{"class":77},[47,127046,309],{"class":151},[47,127048,89769],{"class":155},[47,127050,309],{"class":151},[47,127052,123],{"class":77},[20,127054,129],{},[38,127056,127057],{"className":40,"code":629,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,127058,127059],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127060,127061],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127062,629],{"class":571},[373,127064,127066],{"id":127065},"check-multiple-allowed-endings","Check multiple allowed endings",[38,127068,127070],{"className":40,"code":127069,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,127071,127072,127085],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127073,127074,127076,127078,127080,127083],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127075,126185],{"class":53},[47,127077,58],{"class":57},[47,127079,303],{"class":151},[47,127081,127082],{"class":155},"photo.jpg",[47,127084,820],{"class":151},[47,127086,127087,127089,127091,127093,127095,127097,127099,127101,127103,127105,127107,127109,127111,127113,127115,127117,127119,127121],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,127088,99],{"class":98},[47,127090,78],{"class":77},[47,127092,126203],{"class":81},[47,127094,914],{"class":77},[47,127096,126208],{"class":81},[47,127098,5444],{"class":77},[47,127100,309],{"class":151},[47,127102,126593],{"class":155},[47,127104,309],{"class":151},[47,127106,668],{"class":77},[47,127108,303],{"class":151},[47,127110,126540],{"class":155},[47,127112,309],{"class":151},[47,127114,668],{"class":77},[47,127116,303],{"class":151},[47,127118,126610],{"class":155},[47,127120,309],{"class":151},[47,127122,2854],{"class":77},[20,127124,129],{},[38,127126,127127],{"className":40,"code":629,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,127128,127129],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127130,127131],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127132,629],{"class":571},[20,127134,127135,127136,914],{},"If you need to check whether text appears anywhere in a string, not just at the end, see ",[360,127137,127138],{"href":123357},"how to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[33,127140,123749],{"id":123748},[20,127142,127143,123560],{},[15,127144,126160],{},[20,127146,127147,127148,4329,127151,127154],{},"That means ",[15,127149,127150],{},"\".CSV\"",[15,127152,127153],{},"\".csv\""," are different.",[38,127156,127158],{"className":40,"code":127157,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\n\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".CSV\"))\n",[15,127159,127160,127173,127177,127199],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127161,127162,127164,127166,127168,127171],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127163,126185],{"class":53},[47,127165,58],{"class":57},[47,127167,303],{"class":151},[47,127169,127170],{"class":155},"REPORT.CSV",[47,127172,820],{"class":151},[47,127174,127175],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,127176,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,127178,127179,127181,127183,127185,127187,127189,127191,127193,127195,127197],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,127180,99],{"class":98},[47,127182,78],{"class":77},[47,127184,126203],{"class":81},[47,127186,914],{"class":77},[47,127188,126208],{"class":81},[47,127190,78],{"class":77},[47,127192,309],{"class":151},[47,127194,126215],{"class":155},[47,127196,309],{"class":151},[47,127198,123],{"class":77},[47,127200,127201,127203,127205,127207,127209,127211,127213,127215,127218,127220],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,127202,99],{"class":98},[47,127204,78],{"class":77},[47,127206,126203],{"class":81},[47,127208,914],{"class":77},[47,127210,126208],{"class":81},[47,127212,78],{"class":77},[47,127214,309],{"class":151},[47,127216,127217],{"class":155},".CSV",[47,127219,309],{"class":151},[47,127221,123],{"class":77},[20,127223,129],{},[38,127225,127227],{"className":40,"code":127226,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"False\nTrue\n",[15,127228,127229,127233],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127230,127231],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127232,3976],{"class":571},[47,127234,127235],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,127236,629],{"class":571},[20,127238,127239,127240,914],{},"If you want a case-insensitive check, convert the string first with ",[360,127241,127242],{"href":123829},[15,127243,123832],{},[38,127245,127247],{"className":40,"code":127246,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.lower().endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127248,127249,127261],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127250,127251,127253,127255,127257,127259],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127252,126185],{"class":53},[47,127254,58],{"class":57},[47,127256,303],{"class":151},[47,127258,127170],{"class":155},[47,127260,820],{"class":151},[47,127262,127263,127265,127267,127269,127271,127273,127275,127277,127279,127281,127283,127285],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,127264,99],{"class":98},[47,127266,78],{"class":77},[47,127268,126203],{"class":81},[47,127270,914],{"class":77},[47,127272,8571],{"class":81},[47,127274,8568],{"class":77},[47,127276,126208],{"class":81},[47,127278,78],{"class":77},[47,127280,309],{"class":151},[47,127282,126215],{"class":155},[47,127284,309],{"class":151},[47,127286,123],{"class":77},[20,127288,129],{},[38,127290,127291],{"className":40,"code":629,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,127292,127293],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127294,127295],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127296,629],{"class":571},[33,127298,127300],{"id":127299},"using-multiple-suffixes","Using multiple suffixes",[20,127302,127303],{},"You can pass a tuple of suffixes to check several endings at once.",[38,127305,127307],{"className":40,"code":127306,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"filename = \"picture.gif\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,127308,127309,127322],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127310,127311,127313,127315,127317,127320],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127312,126185],{"class":53},[47,127314,58],{"class":57},[47,127316,303],{"class":151},[47,127318,127319],{"class":155},"picture.gif",[47,127321,820],{"class":151},[47,127323,127324,127326,127328,127330,127332,127334,127336,127338,127340,127342,127344,127346,127348,127350,127352,127354,127356,127358],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,127325,99],{"class":98},[47,127327,78],{"class":77},[47,127329,126203],{"class":81},[47,127331,914],{"class":77},[47,127333,126208],{"class":81},[47,127335,5444],{"class":77},[47,127337,309],{"class":151},[47,127339,126593],{"class":155},[47,127341,309],{"class":151},[47,127343,668],{"class":77},[47,127345,303],{"class":151},[47,127347,126540],{"class":155},[47,127349,309],{"class":151},[47,127351,668],{"class":77},[47,127353,303],{"class":151},[47,127355,126610],{"class":155},[47,127357,309],{"class":151},[47,127359,2854],{"class":77},[20,127361,129],{},[38,127363,127364],{"className":40,"code":629,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,127365,127366],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127367,127368],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127369,629],{"class":571},[20,127371,127372],{},"This is helpful when you want to allow several file types.",[20,127374,52006],{},[38,127376,127378],{"className":40,"code":127377,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"document = \"notes.txt\"\nallowed = (\".txt\", \".md\", \".docx\")\n\nprint(document.endswith(allowed))\n",[15,127379,127380,127393,127428,127432],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127381,127382,127385,127387,127389,127391],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127383,127384],{"class":53},"document ",[47,127386,58],{"class":57},[47,127388,303],{"class":151},[47,127390,86818],{"class":155},[47,127392,820],{"class":151},[47,127394,127395,127398,127400,127402,127404,127406,127408,127410,127412,127415,127417,127419,127421,127424,127426],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,127396,127397],{"class":53},"allowed ",[47,127399,58],{"class":57},[47,127401,9169],{"class":77},[47,127403,309],{"class":151},[47,127405,126238],{"class":155},[47,127407,309],{"class":151},[47,127409,668],{"class":77},[47,127411,303],{"class":151},[47,127413,127414],{"class":155},".md",[47,127416,309],{"class":151},[47,127418,668],{"class":77},[47,127420,303],{"class":151},[47,127422,127423],{"class":155},".docx",[47,127425,309],{"class":151},[47,127427,85],{"class":77},[47,127429,127430],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,127431,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,127433,127434,127436,127438,127441,127443,127445,127447,127450],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,127435,99],{"class":98},[47,127437,78],{"class":77},[47,127439,127440],{"class":81},"document",[47,127442,914],{"class":77},[47,127444,126208],{"class":81},[47,127446,78],{"class":77},[47,127448,127449],{"class":81},"allowed",[47,127451,123],{"class":77},[20,127453,129],{},[38,127455,127456],{"className":40,"code":629,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,127457,127458],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127459,127460],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127461,629],{"class":571},[20,127463,127464,127465,914],{},"If you want the opposite check at the beginning of a string, see ",[360,127466,126102,127468,10673],{"href":127467},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method\u002F",[15,127469,127470],{},"startswith()",[33,127472,2775],{"id":2774},[20,127474,8378,127475,914],{},[15,127476,126160],{},[373,127478,127480],{"id":127479},"using-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Using a list instead of a tuple",[20,127482,4460],{},[38,127484,127486],{"className":40,"code":127485,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\n# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[15,127487,127488,127500],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127489,127490,127492,127494,127496,127498],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127491,126185],{"class":53},[47,127493,58],{"class":57},[47,127495,303],{"class":151},[47,127497,127082],{"class":155},[47,127499,820],{"class":151},[47,127501,127502],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,127503,127504],{"class":1378},"# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[20,127506,127507],{},"Use a tuple instead:",[38,127509,127511],{"className":40,"code":127510,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\")))\n",[15,127512,127513,127525],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127514,127515,127517,127519,127521,127523],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127516,126185],{"class":53},[47,127518,58],{"class":57},[47,127520,303],{"class":151},[47,127522,127082],{"class":155},[47,127524,820],{"class":151},[47,127526,127527,127529,127531,127533,127535,127537,127539,127541,127543,127545,127547,127549,127551,127553],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,127528,99],{"class":98},[47,127530,78],{"class":77},[47,127532,126203],{"class":81},[47,127534,914],{"class":77},[47,127536,126208],{"class":81},[47,127538,5444],{"class":77},[47,127540,309],{"class":151},[47,127542,126593],{"class":155},[47,127544,309],{"class":151},[47,127546,668],{"class":77},[47,127548,303],{"class":151},[47,127550,126540],{"class":155},[47,127552,309],{"class":151},[47,127554,2854],{"class":77},[373,127556,127558],{"id":127557},"forgetting-that-the-check-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that the check is case-sensitive",[38,127560,127562],{"className":40,"code":127561,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127563,127564,127576],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127565,127566,127568,127570,127572,127574],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127567,126185],{"class":53},[47,127569,58],{"class":57},[47,127571,303],{"class":151},[47,127573,127170],{"class":155},[47,127575,820],{"class":151},[47,127577,127578,127580,127582,127584,127586,127588,127590,127592,127594,127596],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,127579,99],{"class":98},[47,127581,78],{"class":77},[47,127583,126203],{"class":81},[47,127585,914],{"class":77},[47,127587,126208],{"class":81},[47,127589,78],{"class":77},[47,127591,309],{"class":151},[47,127593,126215],{"class":155},[47,127595,309],{"class":151},[47,127597,123],{"class":77},[20,127599,129],{},[38,127601,127602],{"className":40,"code":3976,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,127603,127604],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127605,127606],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127607,3976],{"class":571},[20,127609,39197],{},[38,127611,127612],{"className":40,"code":127246,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,127613,127614,127626],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127615,127616,127618,127620,127622,127624],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127617,126185],{"class":53},[47,127619,58],{"class":57},[47,127621,303],{"class":151},[47,127623,127170],{"class":155},[47,127625,820],{"class":151},[47,127627,127628,127630,127632,127634,127636,127638,127640,127642,127644,127646,127648,127650],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,127629,99],{"class":98},[47,127631,78],{"class":77},[47,127633,126203],{"class":81},[47,127635,914],{"class":77},[47,127637,8571],{"class":81},[47,127639,8568],{"class":77},[47,127641,126208],{"class":81},[47,127643,78],{"class":77},[47,127645,309],{"class":151},[47,127647,126215],{"class":155},[47,127649,309],{"class":151},[47,127651,123],{"class":77},[373,127653,37138,127655,8636,127657],{"id":127654},"confusing-endswith-with-in",[15,127656,126160],{},[15,127658,3819],{},[20,127660,127661,127663],{},[15,127662,126160],{}," checks only the end of the string.",[38,127665,127667],{"className":40,"code":127666,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"my_report.csv.backup\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(\".csv\" in text)\n",[15,127668,127669,127682,127686,127708],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127670,127671,127673,127675,127677,127680],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127672,68],{"class":53},[47,127674,58],{"class":57},[47,127676,303],{"class":151},[47,127678,127679],{"class":155},"my_report.csv.backup",[47,127681,820],{"class":151},[47,127683,127684],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,127685,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,127687,127688,127690,127692,127694,127696,127698,127700,127702,127704,127706],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,127689,99],{"class":98},[47,127691,78],{"class":77},[47,127693,104],{"class":81},[47,127695,914],{"class":77},[47,127697,126208],{"class":81},[47,127699,78],{"class":77},[47,127701,309],{"class":151},[47,127703,126215],{"class":155},[47,127705,309],{"class":151},[47,127707,123],{"class":77},[47,127709,127710,127712,127714,127716,127718,127720,127722,127724],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,127711,99],{"class":98},[47,127713,78],{"class":77},[47,127715,309],{"class":151},[47,127717,126215],{"class":155},[47,127719,309],{"class":151},[47,127721,21109],{"class":3812},[47,127723,42772],{"class":81},[47,127725,85],{"class":77},[20,127727,129],{},[38,127729,127730],{"className":40,"code":127226,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,127731,127732,127736],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127733,127734],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127735,3976],{"class":571},[47,127737,127738],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,127739,629],{"class":571},[373,127741,1400,127743,127745],{"id":127742},"expecting-endswith-to-remove-the-suffix",[15,127744,126160],{}," to remove the suffix",[20,127747,127748,127750],{},[15,127749,126160],{}," only checks. It does not edit the string.",[38,127752,127754],{"className":40,"code":127753,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename)\n",[15,127755,127756,127768,127790],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127757,127758,127760,127762,127764,127766],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127759,126185],{"class":53},[47,127761,58],{"class":57},[47,127763,303],{"class":151},[47,127765,126192],{"class":155},[47,127767,820],{"class":151},[47,127769,127770,127772,127774,127776,127778,127780,127782,127784,127786,127788],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,127771,99],{"class":98},[47,127773,78],{"class":77},[47,127775,126203],{"class":81},[47,127777,914],{"class":77},[47,127779,126208],{"class":81},[47,127781,78],{"class":77},[47,127783,309],{"class":151},[47,127785,126215],{"class":155},[47,127787,309],{"class":151},[47,127789,123],{"class":77},[47,127791,127792,127794,127796,127798],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,127793,99],{"class":98},[47,127795,78],{"class":77},[47,127797,126203],{"class":81},[47,127799,85],{"class":77},[20,127801,129],{},[38,127803,127805],{"className":40,"code":127804,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"True\nreport.csv\n",[15,127806,127807,127811],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127808,127809],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127810,629],{"class":571},[47,127812,127813,127816,127818],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,127814,127815],{"class":53},"report",[47,127817,914],{"class":77},[47,127819,127820],{"class":24685},"csv\n",[20,127822,127823,127824,914],{},"If you need to change text, see ",[360,127825,127826],{"href":124270},"how to replace text in a string in Python",[20,127828,65990],{},[185,127830,127831,127834,127837,127840],{},[188,127832,127833],{},"Passing the wrong suffix because of uppercase vs lowercase text",[188,127835,127836],{},"Using a list instead of a tuple for multiple endings",[188,127838,127839],{},"Checking the full string when only part of the string should be checked",[188,127841,1335,127842,44561,127844,1389,127846,111467],{},[15,127843,126160],{},[15,127845,124273],{},[15,127847,41587],{},[20,127849,30070],{},[38,127851,127853],{"className":40,"code":127852,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.endswith('.csv'))\nprint(text.lower().endswith('.csv'))\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,127854,127855,127865,127879,127901,127927],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127856,127857,127859,127861,127863],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127858,99],{"class":98},[47,127860,78],{"class":77},[47,127862,104],{"class":81},[47,127864,85],{"class":77},[47,127866,127867,127869,127871,127873,127875,127877],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,127868,99],{"class":98},[47,127870,78],{"class":77},[47,127872,41713],{"class":98},[47,127874,78],{"class":77},[47,127876,104],{"class":81},[47,127878,123],{"class":77},[47,127880,127881,127883,127885,127887,127889,127891,127893,127895,127897,127899],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,127882,99],{"class":98},[47,127884,78],{"class":77},[47,127886,104],{"class":81},[47,127888,914],{"class":77},[47,127890,126208],{"class":81},[47,127892,78],{"class":77},[47,127894,159],{"class":151},[47,127896,126215],{"class":155},[47,127898,159],{"class":151},[47,127900,123],{"class":77},[47,127902,127903,127905,127907,127909,127911,127913,127915,127917,127919,127921,127923,127925],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,127904,99],{"class":98},[47,127906,78],{"class":77},[47,127908,104],{"class":81},[47,127910,914],{"class":77},[47,127912,8571],{"class":81},[47,127914,8568],{"class":77},[47,127916,126208],{"class":81},[47,127918,78],{"class":77},[47,127920,159],{"class":151},[47,127922,126215],{"class":155},[47,127924,159],{"class":151},[47,127926,123],{"class":77},[47,127928,127929,127931,127933,127935,127937,127939],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,127930,99],{"class":98},[47,127932,78],{"class":77},[47,127934,116],{"class":73},[47,127936,78],{"class":77},[47,127938,104],{"class":81},[47,127940,123],{"class":77},[33,127942,1762],{"id":1761},[373,127944,1776,127946,127948],{"id":127945},"does-endswith-change-the-string",[15,127947,126160],{}," change the string?",[20,127950,127951,127952,1389,127954,914],{},"No. It only checks the ending and returns ",[15,127953,212],{},[15,127955,3609],{},[373,127957,1786,127959,127961],{"id":127958},"can-endswith-check-more-than-one-ending",[15,127960,126160],{}," check more than one ending?",[20,127963,127964,127965,914],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of suffixes, such as ",[15,127966,127967],{},"(\".jpg\", \".png\")",[373,127969,1806,127971,124438],{"id":127970},"is-endswith-case-sensitive",[15,127972,126160],{},[20,127974,127975,127976,1389,127978,127981],{},"Yes. Use ",[15,127977,123832],{},[15,127979,127980],{},"upper()"," first if you want a case-insensitive check.",[373,127983,5111,127985,4329,127987,1812],{"id":127984},"what-is-the-difference-between-endswith-and-find",[15,127986,126160],{},[15,127988,124097],{},[20,127990,127991,127993,127994,127996],{},[15,127992,126160],{}," only checks the end of the string. ",[15,127995,124097],{}," searches for text anywhere in the string.",[33,127998,1825],{"id":1824},[185,128000,128001,128007,128013,128017,128021],{},[188,128002,128003],{},[360,128004,126102,128005,10673],{"href":127467},[15,128006,127470],{},[188,128008,128009],{},[360,128010,126102,128011,10673],{"href":123829},[15,128012,123832],{},[188,128014,128015],{},[360,128016,124501],{"href":123357},[188,128018,128019],{},[360,128020,124508],{"href":124270},[188,128022,128023],{},[360,128024,124857],{"href":50901},[1875,128026,128027],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":65,"depth":65,"links":128029},[128030,128031,128033,128034,128039,128040,128046,128047,128048,128056,128066],{"id":35,"depth":65,"text":36},{"id":126268,"depth":65,"text":128032},"What endswith() does",{"id":244,"depth":65,"text":245},{"id":126483,"depth":65,"text":126484,"children":128035},[128036,128037,128038],{"id":126397,"depth":88,"text":126397},{"id":36006,"depth":88,"text":36006},{"id":52587,"depth":88,"text":52587},{"id":1503,"depth":65,"text":1504},{"id":126896,"depth":65,"text":126897,"children":128041},[128042,128043,128044,128045],{"id":126900,"depth":88,"text":126901},{"id":126954,"depth":88,"text":126955},{"id":127011,"depth":88,"text":127012},{"id":127065,"depth":88,"text":127066},{"id":123748,"depth":65,"text":123749},{"id":127299,"depth":65,"text":127300},{"id":2774,"depth":65,"text":2775,"children":128049},[128050,128051,128052,128054],{"id":127479,"depth":88,"text":127480},{"id":127557,"depth":88,"text":127558},{"id":127654,"depth":88,"text":128053},"Confusing endswith() with in",{"id":127742,"depth":88,"text":128055},"Expecting endswith() to remove the suffix",{"id":1761,"depth":65,"text":1762,"children":128057},[128058,128060,128062,128064],{"id":127945,"depth":88,"text":128059},"Does endswith() change the string?",{"id":127958,"depth":88,"text":128061},"Can endswith() check more than one ending?",{"id":127970,"depth":88,"text":128063},"Is endswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":127984,"depth":88,"text":128065},"What is the difference between endswith() and find()?",{"id":1824,"depth":65,"text":1825},"Master python string endswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method",{"title":126152,"description":128067},"reference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method","jmT6sZS8GCE7qxlLXjoIsllvV_eO0eIaQJVm97pUvDY",{"id":128074,"title":128075,"body":128076,"description":129744,"extension":1922,"meta":129745,"navigation":91,"path":129746,"seo":129747,"stem":129748,"__hash__":129749},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method.md","Python String find() Method",{"type":7,"value":128077,"toc":129717},[128078,128083,128088,128093,128098,128191,128201,128206,128211,128226,128228,128310,128318,128320,128322,128349,128351,128367,128374,128376,128484,128486,128491,128507,128509,128604,128612,128615,128621,128626,128631,128638,128777,128780,128793,128795,128799,128806,128876,128879,128928,128935,128942,128956,128961,128966,129012,129058,129074,129076,129081,129095,129098,129220,129225,129227,129232,129265,129268,129344,129346,129355,129369,129372,129456,129459,129570,129573,129601,129603,129610,129614,129620,129623,129629,129632,129639,129650,129656,129663,129665,129714],[10,128079,123102,128081,11256],{"id":128080},"python-string-find-method",[15,128082,124097],{},[20,128084,123107,128085,128087],{},[15,128086,124097],{}," method searches for a substring inside a string.",[20,128089,128090,128091,914],{},"It returns the index of the first match. If the text is not found, it returns ",[15,128092,65781],{},[20,128094,165,128095,128097],{},[15,128096,124097],{}," when you want the position of some text and it is normal for that text to be missing.",[38,128099,128101],{"className":40,"code":128100,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.find(\"world\")\nprint(position)   # 6\n\nmissing = text.find(\"python\")\nprint(missing)    # -1\n",[15,128102,128103,128115,128138,128151,128155,128178],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,128104,128105,128107,128109,128111,128113],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,128106,68],{"class":53},[47,128108,58],{"class":57},[47,128110,303],{"class":151},[47,128112,60334],{"class":155},[47,128114,820],{"class":151},[47,128116,128117,128119,128121,128123,128125,128128,128130,128132,128134,128136],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,128118,64846],{"class":53},[47,128120,58],{"class":57},[47,128122,42772],{"class":53},[47,128124,914],{"class":77},[47,128126,128127],{"class":81},"find",[47,128129,78],{"class":77},[47,128131,309],{"class":151},[47,128133,60519],{"class":155},[47,128135,309],{"class":151},[47,128137,85],{"class":77},[47,128139,128140,128142,128144,128146,128148],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,128141,99],{"class":98},[47,128143,78],{"class":77},[47,128145,64873],{"class":81},[47,128147,862],{"class":77},[47,128149,128150],{"class":1378},"   # 6\n",[47,128152,128153],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,128154,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,128156,128157,128160,128162,128164,128166,128168,128170,128172,128174,128176],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,128158,128159],{"class":53},"missing ",[47,128161,58],{"class":57},[47,128163,42772],{"class":53},[47,128165,914],{"class":77},[47,128167,128127],{"class":81},[47,128169,78],{"class":77},[47,128171,309],{"class":151},[47,128173,42],{"class":155},[47,128175,309],{"class":151},[47,128177,85],{"class":77},[47,128179,128180,128182,128184,128186,128188],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,128181,99],{"class":98},[47,128183,78],{"class":77},[47,128185,26706],{"class":81},[47,128187,862],{"class":77},[47,128189,128190],{"class":1378},"    # -1\n",[43511,128192,128193],{},[20,128194,165,128195,128197,128198,128200],{},[15,128196,124097],{}," when you want the position of a substring. It returns ",[15,128199,65781],{}," if the substring is not found.",[33,128202,172,128204,175],{"id":128203},"what-find-does",[15,128205,124097],{},[20,128207,128208,128210],{},[15,128209,124097],{}," is a string method that:",[185,128212,128213,128216,128219,128224],{},[188,128214,128215],{},"Searches a string for a substring",[188,128217,128218],{},"Returns the index of the first match",[188,128220,11358,128221,128223],{},[15,128222,65781],{}," if no match is found",[188,128225,126288],{},[20,128227,800],{},[38,128229,128231],{"className":40,"code":128230,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"na\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))    # -1\nprint(text)              # banana\n",[15,128232,128233,128245,128249,128273,128297],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,128234,128235,128237,128239,128241,128243],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,128236,68],{"class":53},[47,128238,58],{"class":57},[47,128240,303],{"class":151},[47,128242,1434],{"class":155},[47,128244,820],{"class":151},[47,128246,128247],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,128248,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,128250,128251,128253,128255,128257,128259,128261,128263,128265,128267,128269,128271],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,128252,99],{"class":98},[47,128254,78],{"class":77},[47,128256,104],{"class":81},[47,128258,914],{"class":77},[47,128260,128127],{"class":81},[47,128262,78],{"class":77},[47,128264,309],{"class":151},[47,128266,123195],{"class":155},[47,128268,309],{"class":151},[47,128270,5294],{"class":77},[47,128272,57572],{"class":1378},[47,128274,128275,128277,128279,128281,128283,128285,128287,128289,128291,128293,128295],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,128276,99],{"class":98},[47,128278,78],{"class":77},[47,128280,104],{"class":81},[47,128282,914],{"class":77},[47,128284,128127],{"class":81},[47,128286,78],{"class":77},[47,128288,309],{"class":151},[47,128290,2131],{"class":155},[47,128292,309],{"class":151},[47,128294,5294],{"class":77},[47,128296,128190],{"class":1378},[47,128298,128299,128301,128303,128305,128307],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,128300,99],{"class":98},[47,128302,78],{"class":77},[47,128304,104],{"class":81},[47,128306,862],{"class":77},[47,128308,128309],{"class":1378},"              # banana\n",[20,128311,267,128312,128315,128316,914],{},[15,128313,128314],{},"\"na\""," first appears at index ",[15,128317,2016],{},[33,128319,245],{"id":244},[20,128321,2117],{},[38,128323,128325],{"className":40,"code":128324,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"string.find(value, start, end)\n",[15,128326,128327],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,128328,128329,128331,128333,128335,128337,128339,128341,128343,128345,128347],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,128330,61102],{"class":53},[47,128332,914],{"class":77},[47,128334,128127],{"class":81},[47,128336,78],{"class":77},[47,128338,585],{"class":81},[47,128340,668],{"class":77},[47,128342,35985],{"class":81},[47,128344,668],{"class":77},[47,128346,64967],{"class":81},[47,128348,85],{"class":77},[373,128350,17331],{"id":17330},[185,128352,128353,128357,128362],{},[188,128354,128355,123294],{},[15,128356,585],{},[188,128358,128359,128361],{},[15,128360,36006],{},": optional starting position",[188,128363,128364,128366],{},[15,128365,52587],{},": optional ending position",[20,128368,128369,4329,128371,128373],{},[15,128370,36006],{},[15,128372,52587],{}," let you search only part of the string.",[20,128375,126431],{},[38,128377,128379],{"className":40,"code":128378,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"o\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5))     # 7\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5, 7))  # -1\n",[15,128380,128381,128393,128397,128422,128451],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,128382,128383,128385,128387,128389,128391],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,128384,68],{"class":53},[47,128386,58],{"class":57},[47,128388,303],{"class":151},[47,128390,60334],{"class":155},[47,128392,820],{"class":151},[47,128394,128395],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,128396,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,128398,128399,128401,128403,128405,128407,128409,128411,128413,128415,128417,128419],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,128400,99],{"class":98},[47,128402,78],{"class":77},[47,128404,104],{"class":81},[47,128406,914],{"class":77},[47,128408,128127],{"class":81},[47,128410,78],{"class":77},[47,128412,309],{"class":151},[47,128414,60401],{"class":155},[47,128416,309],{"class":151},[47,128418,5294],{"class":77},[47,128420,128421],{"class":1378},"        # 4\n",[47,128423,128424,128426,128428,128430,128432,128434,128436,128438,128440,128442,128444,128446,128448],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,128425,99],{"class":98},[47,128427,78],{"class":77},[47,128429,104],{"class":81},[47,128431,914],{"class":77},[47,128433,128127],{"class":81},[47,128435,78],{"class":77},[47,128437,309],{"class":151},[47,128439,60401],{"class":155},[47,128441,309],{"class":151},[47,128443,668],{"class":77},[47,128445,4540],{"class":61},[47,128447,5294],{"class":77},[47,128449,128450],{"class":1378},"     # 7\n",[47,128452,128453,128455,128457,128459,128461,128463,128465,128467,128469,128471,128473,128475,128477,128479,128481],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,128454,99],{"class":98},[47,128456,78],{"class":77},[47,128458,104],{"class":81},[47,128460,914],{"class":77},[47,128462,128127],{"class":81},[47,128464,78],{"class":77},[47,128466,309],{"class":151},[47,128468,60401],{"class":155},[47,128470,309],{"class":151},[47,128472,668],{"class":77},[47,128474,4540],{"class":61},[47,128476,668],{"class":77},[47,128478,5928],{"class":61},[47,128480,5294],{"class":77},[47,128482,128483],{"class":1378},"  # -1\n",[33,128485,37955],{"id":37954},[20,128487,57471,128488,128490],{},[15,128489,124097],{}," is always an integer.",[185,128492,128493,128499,128502],{},[188,128494,128495,128496,128498],{},"A number ",[15,128497,2077],{}," or greater means the substring was found",[188,128500,128501],{},"The number is the starting position of the match",[188,128503,128504,128506],{},[15,128505,65781],{}," means the substring was not found",[20,128508,800],{},[38,128510,128512],{"className":40,"code":128511,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"python\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"py\"))   # 0\nprint(text.find(\"th\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))    # -1\n",[15,128513,128514,128526,128530,128555,128580],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,128515,128516,128518,128520,128522,128524],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,128517,68],{"class":53},[47,128519,58],{"class":57},[47,128521,303],{"class":151},[47,128523,42],{"class":155},[47,128525,820],{"class":151},[47,128527,128528],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,128529,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,128531,128532,128534,128536,128538,128540,128542,128544,128546,128549,128551,128553],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,128533,99],{"class":98},[47,128535,78],{"class":77},[47,128537,104],{"class":81},[47,128539,914],{"class":77},[47,128541,128127],{"class":81},[47,128543,78],{"class":77},[47,128545,309],{"class":151},[47,128547,128548],{"class":155},"py",[47,128550,309],{"class":151},[47,128552,5294],{"class":77},[47,128554,20704],{"class":1378},[47,128556,128557,128559,128561,128563,128565,128567,128569,128571,128574,128576,128578],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,128558,99],{"class":98},[47,128560,78],{"class":77},[47,128562,104],{"class":81},[47,128564,914],{"class":77},[47,128566,128127],{"class":81},[47,128568,78],{"class":77},[47,128570,309],{"class":151},[47,128572,128573],{"class":155},"th",[47,128575,309],{"class":151},[47,128577,5294],{"class":77},[47,128579,57572],{"class":1378},[47,128581,128582,128584,128586,128588,128590,128592,128594,128596,128598,128600,128602],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,128583,99],{"class":98},[47,128585,78],{"class":77},[47,128587,104],{"class":81},[47,128589,914],{"class":77},[47,128591,128127],{"class":81},[47,128593,78],{"class":77},[47,128595,309],{"class":151},[47,128597,22011],{"class":155},[47,128599,309],{"class":151},[47,128601,5294],{"class":77},[47,128603,128190],{"class":1378},[20,128605,89831,128606,8386,128608,1389,128610,914],{},[15,128607,124097],{},[15,128609,212],{},[15,128611,3609],{},[20,128613,128614],{},"It does not return a Boolean value. It returns the position of the match.",[33,128616,1335,128617,4329,128619],{"id":65333},[15,128618,36006],{},[15,128620,52587],{},[20,128622,165,128623,128625],{},[15,128624,36006],{}," to skip the earlier part of a string.",[20,128627,165,128628,128630],{},[15,128629,52587],{}," to stop searching before a certain position.",[20,128632,1939,128633,75386,128635,128637],{},[15,128634,52587],{},[127,128636,64996],{}," in the search.",[38,128639,128641],{"className":40,"code":128640,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"one two three two\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"two\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 5))     # 14\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 7))  # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 4))  # -1\n",[15,128642,128643,128656,128660,128684,128713,128745],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,128644,128645,128647,128649,128651,128654],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,128646,68],{"class":53},[47,128648,58],{"class":57},[47,128650,303],{"class":151},[47,128652,128653],{"class":155},"one two three two",[47,128655,820],{"class":151},[47,128657,128658],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,128659,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,128661,128662,128664,128666,128668,128670,128672,128674,128676,128678,128680,128682],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,128663,99],{"class":98},[47,128665,78],{"class":77},[47,128667,104],{"class":81},[47,128669,914],{"class":77},[47,128671,128127],{"class":81},[47,128673,78],{"class":77},[47,128675,309],{"class":151},[47,128677,79195],{"class":155},[47,128679,309],{"class":151},[47,128681,5294],{"class":77},[47,128683,128421],{"class":1378},[47,128685,128686,128688,128690,128692,128694,128696,128698,128700,128702,128704,128706,128708,128710],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,128687,99],{"class":98},[47,128689,78],{"class":77},[47,128691,104],{"class":81},[47,128693,914],{"class":77},[47,128695,128127],{"class":81},[47,128697,78],{"class":77},[47,128699,309],{"class":151},[47,128701,79195],{"class":155},[47,128703,309],{"class":151},[47,128705,668],{"class":77},[47,128707,4540],{"class":61},[47,128709,5294],{"class":77},[47,128711,128712],{"class":1378},"     # 14\n",[47,128714,128715,128717,128719,128721,128723,128725,128727,128729,128731,128733,128735,128737,128739,128741,128743],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,128716,99],{"class":98},[47,128718,78],{"class":77},[47,128720,104],{"class":81},[47,128722,914],{"class":77},[47,128724,128127],{"class":81},[47,128726,78],{"class":77},[47,128728,309],{"class":151},[47,128730,79195],{"class":155},[47,128732,309],{"class":151},[47,128734,668],{"class":77},[47,128736,3769],{"class":61},[47,128738,668],{"class":77},[47,128740,5928],{"class":61},[47,128742,5294],{"class":77},[47,128744,50861],{"class":1378},[47,128746,128747,128749,128751,128753,128755,128757,128759,128761,128763,128765,128767,128769,128771,128773,128775],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,128748,99],{"class":98},[47,128750,78],{"class":77},[47,128752,104],{"class":81},[47,128754,914],{"class":77},[47,128756,128127],{"class":81},[47,128758,78],{"class":77},[47,128760,309],{"class":151},[47,128762,79195],{"class":155},[47,128764,309],{"class":151},[47,128766,668],{"class":77},[47,128768,3769],{"class":61},[47,128770,668],{"class":77},[47,128772,2404],{"class":61},[47,128774,5294],{"class":77},[47,128776,128483],{"class":1378},[20,128778,128779],{},"This is useful when you only want to search inside part of a string before slicing or processing it further.",[20,128781,128782,128783,54996,128787,914],{},"If you want to split text after finding a separator, see ",[360,128784,128786],{"href":128785},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to split a string in Python",[360,128788,128790,128792],{"href":128789},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method\u002F",[15,128791,60459],{}," string method",[33,128794,123749],{"id":123748},[20,128796,128797,123560],{},[15,128798,124097],{},[20,128800,127147,128801,4329,128803,128805],{},[15,128802,90335],{},[15,128804,64462],{}," are treated as different text.",[38,128807,128809],{"className":40,"code":128808,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"Hello\"))  # 0\nprint(text.find(\"hello\"))  # -1\n",[15,128810,128811,128824,128828,128852],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,128812,128813,128815,128817,128819,128822],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,128814,68],{"class":53},[47,128816,58],{"class":57},[47,128818,303],{"class":151},[47,128820,128821],{"class":155},"Hello World",[47,128823,820],{"class":151},[47,128825,128826],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,128827,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,128829,128830,128832,128834,128836,128838,128840,128842,128844,128846,128848,128850],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,128831,99],{"class":98},[47,128833,78],{"class":77},[47,128835,104],{"class":81},[47,128837,914],{"class":77},[47,128839,128127],{"class":81},[47,128841,78],{"class":77},[47,128843,309],{"class":151},[47,128845,34800],{"class":155},[47,128847,309],{"class":151},[47,128849,5294],{"class":77},[47,128851,51173],{"class":1378},[47,128853,128854,128856,128858,128860,128862,128864,128866,128868,128870,128872,128874],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,128855,99],{"class":98},[47,128857,78],{"class":77},[47,128859,104],{"class":81},[47,128861,914],{"class":77},[47,128863,128127],{"class":81},[47,128865,78],{"class":77},[47,128867,309],{"class":151},[47,128869,3781],{"class":155},[47,128871,309],{"class":151},[47,128873,5294],{"class":77},[47,128875,128483],{"class":1378},[20,128877,128878],{},"If you want a case-insensitive search, convert both values to the same case first.",[38,128880,128882],{"className":40,"code":128881,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower().find(\"hello\"))  # 0\n",[15,128883,128884,128896,128900],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,128885,128886,128888,128890,128892,128894],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,128887,68],{"class":53},[47,128889,58],{"class":57},[47,128891,303],{"class":151},[47,128893,128821],{"class":155},[47,128895,820],{"class":151},[47,128897,128898],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,128899,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,128901,128902,128904,128906,128908,128910,128912,128914,128916,128918,128920,128922,128924,128926],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,128903,99],{"class":98},[47,128905,78],{"class":77},[47,128907,104],{"class":81},[47,128909,914],{"class":77},[47,128911,8571],{"class":81},[47,128913,8568],{"class":77},[47,128915,128127],{"class":81},[47,128917,78],{"class":77},[47,128919,309],{"class":151},[47,128921,3781],{"class":155},[47,128923,309],{"class":151},[47,128925,5294],{"class":77},[47,128927,51173],{"class":1378},[33,128929,128931,920,128933],{"id":128930},"find-vs-index",[15,128932,124097],{},[15,128934,58895],{},[20,128936,128937,4329,128939,128941],{},[15,128938,124097],{},[15,128940,58895],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the substring is missing.",[185,128943,128944,128950],{},[188,128945,128946,2346,128948],{},[15,128947,124097],{},[15,128949,65781],{},[188,128951,128952,52421,128954],{},[15,128953,58895],{},[15,128955,40637],{},[20,128957,165,128958,128960],{},[15,128959,124097],{}," when missing text is normal.",[20,128962,165,128963,128965],{},[15,128964,58895],{}," when the value must exist.",[38,128967,128969],{"className":40,"code":128968,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))   # -1\n",[15,128970,128971,128983,128987],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,128972,128973,128975,128977,128979,128981],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,128974,68],{"class":53},[47,128976,58],{"class":57},[47,128978,303],{"class":151},[47,128980,3781],{"class":155},[47,128982,820],{"class":151},[47,128984,128985],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,128986,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,128988,128989,128991,128993,128995,128997,128999,129001,129003,129005,129007,129009],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,128990,99],{"class":98},[47,128992,78],{"class":77},[47,128994,104],{"class":81},[47,128996,914],{"class":77},[47,128998,128127],{"class":81},[47,129000,78],{"class":77},[47,129002,309],{"class":151},[47,129004,2131],{"class":155},[47,129006,309],{"class":151},[47,129008,5294],{"class":77},[47,129010,129011],{"class":1378},"   # -1\n",[38,129013,129015],{"className":40,"code":129014,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"x\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,129016,129017,129029,129033],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,129018,129019,129021,129023,129025,129027],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,129020,68],{"class":53},[47,129022,58],{"class":57},[47,129024,303],{"class":151},[47,129026,3781],{"class":155},[47,129028,820],{"class":151},[47,129030,129031],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,129032,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,129034,129035,129037,129039,129041,129043,129045,129047,129049,129051,129053,129055],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,129036,99],{"class":98},[47,129038,78],{"class":77},[47,129040,104],{"class":81},[47,129042,914],{"class":77},[47,129044,35780],{"class":81},[47,129046,78],{"class":77},[47,129048,309],{"class":151},[47,129050,2131],{"class":155},[47,129052,309],{"class":151},[47,129054,5294],{"class":77},[47,129056,129057],{"class":1378},"  # ValueError\n",[20,129059,129060,129061,129065,129066,129068,129069,914],{},"If you want to learn the difference in more detail, see the ",[360,129062,129063,128792],{"href":124122},[15,129064,58895],{},". If your code crashes because of ",[15,129067,58895],{},", read ",[360,129070,1652,129071],{"href":73408},[15,129072,129073],{},"ValueError: substring not found",[33,129075,40979],{"id":40978},[20,129077,35339,129078,129080],{},[15,129079,124097],{}," for simple string search tasks like these:",[185,129082,129083,129086,129089,129092],{},[188,129084,129085],{},"Check whether part of a string exists",[188,129087,129088],{},"Get the position of a word",[188,129090,129091],{},"Find separators like commas, colons, or spaces",[188,129093,129094],{},"Search before slicing a string",[20,129096,129097],{},"Example: finding a colon before slicing",[38,129099,129101],{"className":40,"code":129100,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"name:Alice\"\ncolon_pos = text.find(\":\")\n\nif colon_pos != -1:\n    label = text[:colon_pos]\n    value = text[colon_pos + 1:]\n    print(label)  # name\n    print(value)  # Alice\n",[15,129102,129103,129116,129139,129143,129158,129174,129193,129207],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,129104,129105,129107,129109,129111,129114],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,129106,68],{"class":53},[47,129108,58],{"class":57},[47,129110,303],{"class":151},[47,129112,129113],{"class":155},"name:Alice",[47,129115,820],{"class":151},[47,129117,129118,129121,129123,129125,129127,129129,129131,129133,129135,129137],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,129119,129120],{"class":53},"colon_pos ",[47,129122,58],{"class":57},[47,129124,42772],{"class":53},[47,129126,914],{"class":77},[47,129128,128127],{"class":81},[47,129130,78],{"class":77},[47,129132,309],{"class":151},[47,129134,2826],{"class":155},[47,129136,309],{"class":151},[47,129138,85],{"class":77},[47,129140,129141],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,129142,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,129144,129145,129147,129150,129152,129154,129156],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,129146,6930],{"class":3812},[47,129148,129149],{"class":53}," colon_pos ",[47,129151,72519],{"class":57},[47,129153,2176],{"class":57},[47,129155,665],{"class":61},[47,129157,6329],{"class":77},[47,129159,129160,129163,129165,129167,129169,129172],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,129161,129162],{"class":53},"    label ",[47,129164,58],{"class":57},[47,129166,42772],{"class":53},[47,129168,75459],{"class":77},[47,129170,129171],{"class":53},"colon_pos",[47,129173,679],{"class":77},[47,129175,129176,129178,129180,129182,129184,129186,129188,129190],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,129177,27334],{"class":53},[47,129179,58],{"class":57},[47,129181,42772],{"class":53},[47,129183,736],{"class":77},[47,129185,129120],{"class":53},[47,129187,844],{"class":57},[47,129189,5431],{"class":61},[47,129191,129192],{"class":77},":]\n",[47,129194,129195,129197,129199,129202,129204],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,129196,8000],{"class":98},[47,129198,78],{"class":77},[47,129200,129201],{"class":81},"label",[47,129203,862],{"class":77},[47,129205,129206],{"class":1378},"  # name\n",[47,129208,129209,129211,129213,129215,129217],{"class":49,"line":1734},[47,129210,8000],{"class":98},[47,129212,78],{"class":77},[47,129214,585],{"class":81},[47,129216,862],{"class":77},[47,129218,129219],{"class":1378},"  # Alice\n",[20,129221,129222,129223,914],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, you may also want to read ",[360,129224,127138],{"href":123357},[33,129226,2775],{"id":2774},[20,129228,129229,129230,2826],{},"These are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,129231,124097],{},[185,129233,129234,129243,129249,129254,129260],{},[188,129235,1400,129236,8386,129238,1389,129240,129242],{},[15,129237,124097],{},[15,129239,212],{},[15,129241,3609],{}," instead of an index",[188,129244,129245,129246,129248],{},"Forgetting that the method returns ",[15,129247,65781],{}," when the substring is missing",[188,129250,1335,129251,129253],{},[15,129252,124097],{}," without handling case differences",[188,129255,37138,129256,8636,129258],{},[15,129257,124097],{},[15,129259,58895],{},[188,129261,4514,129262,129264],{},[15,129263,124097],{}," changes the string",[20,129266,129267],{},"Example of a mistake:",[38,129269,129271],{"className":40,"code":129270,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\"):\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,129272,129273,129285,129289,129309,129324,129330],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,129274,129275,129277,129279,129281,129283],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,129276,68],{"class":53},[47,129278,58],{"class":57},[47,129280,303],{"class":151},[47,129282,3781],{"class":155},[47,129284,820],{"class":151},[47,129286,129287],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,129288,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,129290,129291,129293,129295,129297,129299,129301,129303,129305,129307],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,129292,6930],{"class":3812},[47,129294,42772],{"class":53},[47,129296,914],{"class":77},[47,129298,128127],{"class":81},[47,129300,78],{"class":77},[47,129302,309],{"class":151},[47,129304,60366],{"class":155},[47,129306,309],{"class":151},[47,129308,8273],{"class":77},[47,129310,129311,129313,129315,129317,129320,129322],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,129312,8000],{"class":98},[47,129314,78],{"class":77},[47,129316,309],{"class":151},[47,129318,129319],{"class":155},"Found",[47,129321,309],{"class":151},[47,129323,85],{"class":77},[47,129325,129326,129328],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,129327,27367],{"class":3812},[47,129329,6329],{"class":77},[47,129331,129332,129334,129336,129338,129340,129342],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,129333,8000],{"class":98},[47,129335,78],{"class":77},[47,129337,309],{"class":151},[47,129339,26248],{"class":155},[47,129341,309],{"class":151},[47,129343,85],{"class":77},[20,129345,99831],{},[38,129347,129349],{"className":40,"code":129348,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Not found\n",[15,129350,129351],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,129352,129353],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,129354,129348],{"class":53},[20,129356,45634,129357,129360,129361,17008,129363,129365,129366,129368],{},[15,129358,129359],{},"\"h\""," is found at index ",[15,129362,2077],{},[15,129364,2077],{}," is treated as false in an ",[15,129367,6930],{}," statement.",[20,129370,129371],{},"A safer version is:",[38,129373,129375],{"className":40,"code":129374,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\") != -1:\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,129376,129377,129389,129393,129422,129436,129442],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,129378,129379,129381,129383,129385,129387],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,129380,68],{"class":53},[47,129382,58],{"class":57},[47,129384,303],{"class":151},[47,129386,3781],{"class":155},[47,129388,820],{"class":151},[47,129390,129391],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,129392,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,129394,129395,129397,129399,129401,129403,129405,129407,129409,129411,129413,129416,129418,129420],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,129396,6930],{"class":3812},[47,129398,42772],{"class":53},[47,129400,914],{"class":77},[47,129402,128127],{"class":81},[47,129404,78],{"class":77},[47,129406,309],{"class":151},[47,129408,60366],{"class":155},[47,129410,309],{"class":151},[47,129412,862],{"class":77},[47,129414,129415],{"class":57}," !=",[47,129417,2176],{"class":57},[47,129419,665],{"class":61},[47,129421,6329],{"class":77},[47,129423,129424,129426,129428,129430,129432,129434],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,129425,8000],{"class":98},[47,129427,78],{"class":77},[47,129429,309],{"class":151},[47,129431,129319],{"class":155},[47,129433,309],{"class":151},[47,129435,85],{"class":77},[47,129437,129438,129440],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,129439,27367],{"class":3812},[47,129441,6329],{"class":77},[47,129443,129444,129446,129448,129450,129452,129454],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,129445,8000],{"class":98},[47,129447,78],{"class":77},[47,129449,309],{"class":151},[47,129451,26248],{"class":155},[47,129453,309],{"class":151},[47,129455,85],{"class":77},[20,129457,129458],{},"You can also debug string search problems with simple checks like these:",[38,129460,129462],{"className":40,"code":129461,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(text.find('word'))\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.lower().find('word'))\nprint(len(text))\nprint(text.find('word', start, end))\n",[15,129463,129464,129486,129500,129526,129540],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,129465,129466,129468,129470,129472,129474,129476,129478,129480,129482,129484],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,129467,99],{"class":98},[47,129469,78],{"class":77},[47,129471,104],{"class":81},[47,129473,914],{"class":77},[47,129475,128127],{"class":81},[47,129477,78],{"class":77},[47,129479,159],{"class":151},[47,129481,38326],{"class":155},[47,129483,159],{"class":151},[47,129485,123],{"class":77},[47,129487,129488,129490,129492,129494,129496,129498],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,129489,99],{"class":98},[47,129491,78],{"class":77},[47,129493,41713],{"class":98},[47,129495,78],{"class":77},[47,129497,104],{"class":81},[47,129499,123],{"class":77},[47,129501,129502,129504,129506,129508,129510,129512,129514,129516,129518,129520,129522,129524],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,129503,99],{"class":98},[47,129505,78],{"class":77},[47,129507,104],{"class":81},[47,129509,914],{"class":77},[47,129511,8571],{"class":81},[47,129513,8568],{"class":77},[47,129515,128127],{"class":81},[47,129517,78],{"class":77},[47,129519,159],{"class":151},[47,129521,38326],{"class":155},[47,129523,159],{"class":151},[47,129525,123],{"class":77},[47,129527,129528,129530,129532,129534,129536,129538],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,129529,99],{"class":98},[47,129531,78],{"class":77},[47,129533,11095],{"class":98},[47,129535,78],{"class":77},[47,129537,104],{"class":81},[47,129539,123],{"class":77},[47,129541,129542,129544,129546,129548,129550,129552,129554,129556,129558,129560,129562,129564,129566,129568],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,129543,99],{"class":98},[47,129545,78],{"class":77},[47,129547,104],{"class":81},[47,129549,914],{"class":77},[47,129551,128127],{"class":81},[47,129553,78],{"class":77},[47,129555,159],{"class":151},[47,129557,38326],{"class":155},[47,129559,159],{"class":151},[47,129561,668],{"class":77},[47,129563,35985],{"class":81},[47,129565,668],{"class":77},[47,129567,64967],{"class":81},[47,129569,123],{"class":77},[20,129571,129572],{},"These help you check:",[185,129574,129575,129580,129585,129590,129593],{},[188,129576,129577,129578],{},"The actual result from ",[15,129579,124097],{},[188,129581,129582,129583],{},"Hidden spaces or newline characters with ",[15,129584,1099],{},[188,129586,129587,129588],{},"Case differences with ",[15,129589,123832],{},[188,129591,129592],{},"The string length",[188,129594,129595,129596,4329,129598,129600],{},"Whether your ",[15,129597,36006],{},[15,129599,52587],{}," values are correct",[33,129602,1762],{"id":1761},[373,129604,129606,129607,129609],{"id":129605},"what-does-python-string-find-return-if-the-text-is-not-found","What does Python string ",[15,129608,124097],{}," return if the text is not found?",[20,129611,5080,129612,914],{},[15,129613,65781],{},[373,129615,1776,129617,129619],{"id":129616},"does-find-return-the-first-match-or-all-matches",[15,129618,124097],{}," return the first match or all matches?",[20,129621,129622],{},"It returns the index of the first match only.",[373,129624,129626,129627,124438],{"id":129625},"is-python-find-case-sensitive","Is Python ",[15,129628,124097],{},[20,129630,129631],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are treated as different.",[373,129633,5111,129635,4329,129637,69582],{"id":129634},"what-is-the-difference-between-find-and-index-in-python",[15,129636,124097],{},[15,129638,58895],{},[20,129640,129641,2346,129643,129645,129646,52421,129648,914],{},[15,129642,124097],{},[15,129644,65781],{}," if not found, while ",[15,129647,58895],{},[15,129649,40637],{},[373,129651,28262,129653,129655],{"id":129652},"can-i-use-find-to-search-only-part-of-a-string",[15,129654,124097],{}," to search only part of a string?",[20,129657,129658,129659,4329,129661,66080],{},"Yes. Use the optional ",[15,129660,36006],{},[15,129662,52587],{},[33,129664,1825],{"id":1824},[185,129666,129667,129673,129679,129686,129692,129699,129703,129708],{},[188,129668,129669],{},[360,129670,126102,129671,10673],{"href":124122},[15,129672,58895],{},[188,129674,129675],{},[360,129676,126102,129677,10673],{"href":128789},[15,129678,60459],{},[188,129680,129681],{},[360,129682,126102,129684,10673],{"href":129683},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method\u002F",[15,129685,124273],{},[188,129687,129688],{},[360,129689,126102,129690,10673],{"href":127467},[15,129691,127470],{},[188,129693,129694],{},[360,129695,126102,129697,10673],{"href":129696},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method\u002F",[15,129698,126160],{},[188,129700,129701],{},[360,129702,124501],{"href":123357},[188,129704,129705],{},[360,129706,129707],{"href":128785},"How to split a string in Python",[188,129709,129710],{},[360,129711,26055,129712],{"href":73408},[15,129713,129073],{},[1875,129715,129716],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":65,"depth":65,"links":129718},[129719,129721,129724,129725,129726,129727,129729,129730,129731,129743],{"id":128203,"depth":65,"text":129720},"What find() does",{"id":244,"depth":65,"text":245,"children":129722},[129723],{"id":17330,"depth":88,"text":17331},{"id":37954,"depth":65,"text":37955},{"id":65333,"depth":65,"text":66116},{"id":123748,"depth":65,"text":123749},{"id":128930,"depth":65,"text":129728},"find() vs index()",{"id":40978,"depth":65,"text":40979},{"id":2774,"depth":65,"text":2775},{"id":1761,"depth":65,"text":1762,"children":129732},[129733,129735,129737,129739,129741],{"id":129605,"depth":88,"text":129734},"What does Python string find() return if the text is not found?",{"id":129616,"depth":88,"text":129736},"Does find() return the first match or all matches?",{"id":129625,"depth":88,"text":129738},"Is Python find() case-sensitive?",{"id":129634,"depth":88,"text":129740},"What is the difference between find() and index() in Python?",{"id":129652,"depth":88,"text":129742},"Can I use find() to search only part of a string?",{"id":1824,"depth":65,"text":1825},"Master python string find method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method",{"title":128075,"description":129744},"reference\u002Fpython-string-find-method","_aPlkKFn8WjvuACbSbsUyVsOgHW4RFMjM8HcjwccooM",{"id":129751,"title":129752,"body":129753,"description":131679,"extension":1922,"meta":131680,"navigation":91,"path":131681,"seo":131682,"stem":131683,"__hash__":131684},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method.md","Python String format() Method",{"type":7,"value":129754,"toc":131647},[129755,129760,129765,129768,129770,129846,129850,129878,129886,129890,129895,129899,129916,129918,129985,129989,130011,130019,130021,130024,130048,130051,130065,130067,130152,130156,130168,130171,130175,130181,130231,130235,130252,130261,130264,130272,130275,130324,130328,130353,130356,130411,130415,130427,130433,130437,130443,130448,130515,130519,130545,130548,130559,130561,130628,130632,130657,130664,130668,130673,130680,130688,130690,130742,130746,130764,130766,130811,130815,130830,130833,130843,130850,130852,130856,130859,130870,130872,130932,130936,130964,130967,130973,130978,130981,130985,131029,131032,131070,131073,131081,131083,131088,131092,131095,131143,131146,131149,131205,131209,131214,131217,131266,131268,131317,131323,131328,131330,131377,131381,131394,131396,131447,131453,131456,131460,131463,131469,131474,131476,131479,131551,131554,131571,131573,131578,131581,131585,131591,131597,131604,131610,131616,131618,131644],[10,129756,123102,129758,11256],{"id":129757},"python-string-format-method",[15,129759,126105],{},[20,129761,123107,129762,129764],{},[15,129763,126105],{}," method inserts values into a string by replacing placeholders.",[20,129766,129767],{},"It is a useful way to build readable messages without joining many strings together by hand.",[33,129769,36],{"id":35},[38,129771,129773],{"className":40,"code":129772,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 12\n\nmessage = \"My name is {} and I am {} years old.\".format(name, age)\nprint(message)\n",[15,129774,129775,129787,129795,129799,129836],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,129776,129777,129779,129781,129783,129785],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,129778,810],{"class":53},[47,129780,58],{"class":57},[47,129782,303],{"class":151},[47,129784,817],{"class":155},[47,129786,820],{"class":151},[47,129788,129789,129791,129793],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,129790,54],{"class":53},[47,129792,58],{"class":57},[47,129794,88722],{"class":61},[47,129796,129797],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,129798,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,129800,129801,129803,129805,129807,129810,129812,129815,129817,129819,129821,129823,129826,129828,129830,129832,129834],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,129802,298],{"class":53},[47,129804,58],{"class":57},[47,129806,303],{"class":151},[47,129808,129809],{"class":155},"My name is ",[47,129811,3727],{"class":61},[47,129813,129814],{"class":155}," and I am ",[47,129816,3727],{"class":61},[47,129818,869],{"class":155},[47,129820,309],{"class":151},[47,129822,914],{"class":77},[47,129824,129825],{"class":81},"format",[47,129827,78],{"class":77},[47,129829,7601],{"class":81},[47,129831,668],{"class":77},[47,129833,9121],{"class":81},[47,129835,85],{"class":77},[47,129837,129838,129840,129842,129844],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,129839,99],{"class":98},[47,129841,78],{"class":77},[47,129843,334],{"class":81},[47,129845,85],{"class":77},[20,129847,129848],{},[127,129849,129],{},[38,129851,129853],{"className":40,"code":129852,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"My name is Maya and I am 12 years old.\n",[15,129854,129855],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,129856,129857,129860,129862,129865,129868,129871,129874,129876],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,129858,129859],{"class":53},"My name ",[47,129861,353],{"class":57},[47,129863,129864],{"class":53}," Maya ",[47,129866,129867],{"class":57},"and",[47,129869,129870],{"class":53}," I am ",[47,129872,129873],{"class":61},"12",[47,129875,903],{"class":53},[47,129877,906],{"class":77},[20,129879,165,129880,129882,129883,129885],{},[15,129881,3727],{}," as placeholders, then pass values to ",[15,129884,126105],{}," in the same order.",[20,129887,124854,129888,914],{},[360,129889,124857],{"href":50901},[33,129891,12930,129893,12933],{"id":129892},"what-the-format-method-does",[15,129894,126105],{},[20,129896,1939,129897,11347],{},[15,129898,126105],{},[185,129900,129901,129904,129910,129913],{},[188,129902,129903],{},"inserts values into a string",[188,129905,129906,129907,129909],{},"replaces placeholders like ",[15,129908,3727],{}," with given values",[188,129911,129912],{},"returns a new string",[188,129914,129915],{},"does not change the original string",[20,129917,800],{},[38,129919,129921],{"className":40,"code":129920,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\nnew_text = text.format(\"Sam\")\n\nprint(new_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,129922,129923,129937,129960,129964,129975],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,129924,129925,129927,129929,129931,129933,129935],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,129926,68],{"class":53},[47,129928,58],{"class":57},[47,129930,303],{"class":151},[47,129932,44833],{"class":155},[47,129934,3727],{"class":61},[47,129936,820],{"class":151},[47,129938,129939,129942,129944,129946,129948,129950,129952,129954,129956,129958],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,129940,129941],{"class":53},"new_text ",[47,129943,58],{"class":57},[47,129945,42772],{"class":53},[47,129947,914],{"class":77},[47,129949,129825],{"class":81},[47,129951,78],{"class":77},[47,129953,309],{"class":151},[47,129955,7610],{"class":155},[47,129957,309],{"class":151},[47,129959,85],{"class":77},[47,129961,129962],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,129963,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,129965,129966,129968,129970,129973],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,129967,99],{"class":98},[47,129969,78],{"class":77},[47,129971,129972],{"class":81},"new_text",[47,129974,85],{"class":77},[47,129976,129977,129979,129981,129983],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,129978,99],{"class":98},[47,129980,78],{"class":77},[47,129982,104],{"class":81},[47,129984,85],{"class":77},[20,129986,129987],{},[127,129988,129],{},[38,129990,129992],{"className":40,"code":129991,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Hello, Sam\nHello, {}\n",[15,129993,129994,130003],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,129995,129996,129998,130000],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,129997,34800],{"class":53},[47,129999,668],{"class":77},[47,130001,130002],{"class":53}," Sam\n",[47,130004,130005,130007,130009],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,130006,34800],{"class":53},[47,130008,668],{"class":77},[47,130010,9770],{"class":77},[20,130012,2240,130013,130015,130016,130018],{},[15,130014,104],{}," stays the same. ",[15,130017,126105],{}," creates and returns a new string.",[33,130020,245],{"id":244},[20,130022,130023],{},"The general form is:",[38,130025,130027],{"className":40,"code":130026,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\"text {}\".format(value)\n",[15,130028,130029],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,130030,130031,130033,130036,130038,130040,130042,130044,130046],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130032,309],{"class":43259},[47,130034,130035],{"class":43263},"text {}",[47,130037,309],{"class":43259},[47,130039,914],{"class":77},[47,130041,129825],{"class":81},[47,130043,78],{"class":77},[47,130045,585],{"class":81},[47,130047,85],{"class":77},[20,130049,130050],{},"Key idea:",[185,130052,130053,130059,130062],{},[188,130054,130055,130056,130058],{},"each ",[15,130057,3727],{}," is a placeholder",[188,130060,130061],{},"values are inserted from left to right by default",[188,130063,130064],{},"the number of placeholders should match the values you pass",[20,130066,800],{},[38,130068,130070],{"className":40,"code":130069,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"animal = \"cat\"\nsound = \"meow\"\n\nsentence = \"The {} says {}.\".format(animal, sound)\nprint(sentence)\n",[15,130071,130072,130085,130099,130103,130141],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,130073,130074,130077,130079,130081,130083],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130075,130076],{"class":53},"animal ",[47,130078,58],{"class":57},[47,130080,303],{"class":151},[47,130082,36981],{"class":155},[47,130084,820],{"class":151},[47,130086,130087,130090,130092,130094,130097],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,130088,130089],{"class":53},"sound ",[47,130091,58],{"class":57},[47,130093,303],{"class":151},[47,130095,130096],{"class":155},"meow",[47,130098,820],{"class":151},[47,130100,130101],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,130102,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,130104,130105,130108,130110,130112,130114,130116,130119,130121,130123,130125,130127,130129,130131,130134,130136,130139],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,130106,130107],{"class":53},"sentence ",[47,130109,58],{"class":57},[47,130111,303],{"class":151},[47,130113,1939],{"class":155},[47,130115,3727],{"class":61},[47,130117,130118],{"class":155}," says ",[47,130120,3727],{"class":61},[47,130122,914],{"class":155},[47,130124,309],{"class":151},[47,130126,914],{"class":77},[47,130128,129825],{"class":81},[47,130130,78],{"class":77},[47,130132,130133],{"class":81},"animal",[47,130135,668],{"class":77},[47,130137,130138],{"class":81}," sound",[47,130140,85],{"class":77},[47,130142,130143,130145,130147,130150],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,130144,99],{"class":98},[47,130146,78],{"class":77},[47,130148,130149],{"class":81},"sentence",[47,130151,85],{"class":77},[20,130153,130154],{},[127,130155,129],{},[38,130157,130159],{"className":40,"code":130158,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"The cat says meow.\n",[15,130160,130161],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,130162,130163,130166],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130164,130165],{"class":53},"The cat says meow",[47,130167,906],{"class":77},[20,130169,130170],{},"You can print the result directly, or save it in a variable first.",[33,130172,130174],{"id":130173},"using-positional-placeholders","Using positional placeholders",[20,130176,130177,130178,130180],{},"You can use empty braces ",[15,130179,3727],{}," for simple left-to-right replacement.",[38,130182,130184],{"className":40,"code":130183,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(\"I like {} and {}.\".format(\"pizza\", \"pasta\"))\n",[15,130185,130186],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,130187,130188,130190,130192,130194,130197,130199,130201,130203,130205,130207,130209,130211,130213,130215,130218,130220,130222,130224,130227,130229],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130189,99],{"class":98},[47,130191,78],{"class":77},[47,130193,309],{"class":151},[47,130195,130196],{"class":155},"I like ",[47,130198,3727],{"class":61},[47,130200,4329],{"class":155},[47,130202,3727],{"class":61},[47,130204,914],{"class":155},[47,130206,309],{"class":151},[47,130208,914],{"class":77},[47,130210,129825],{"class":81},[47,130212,78],{"class":77},[47,130214,309],{"class":151},[47,130216,130217],{"class":155},"pizza",[47,130219,309],{"class":151},[47,130221,668],{"class":77},[47,130223,303],{"class":151},[47,130225,130226],{"class":155},"pasta",[47,130228,309],{"class":151},[47,130230,123],{"class":77},[20,130232,130233],{},[127,130234,129],{},[38,130236,130238],{"className":40,"code":130237,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"I like pizza and pasta.\n",[15,130239,130240],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,130241,130242,130245,130247,130250],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130243,130244],{"class":53},"I like pizza ",[47,130246,129867],{"class":57},[47,130248,130249],{"class":53}," pasta",[47,130251,906],{"class":77},[20,130253,130254,130255,4329,130258,914],{},"You can also use numbered placeholders like ",[15,130256,130257],{},"{0}",[15,130259,130260],{},"{1}",[20,130262,130263],{},"This is helpful when:",[185,130265,130266,130269],{},[188,130267,130268],{},"you want to reuse a value",[188,130270,130271],{},"you want to change the order",[20,130273,130274],{},"Example with reused values:",[38,130276,130278],{"className":40,"code":130277,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"{0} is learning Python. {0} likes coding.\".format(\"Lina\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130279,130280,130314],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,130281,130282,130284,130286,130288,130290,130293,130295,130298,130300,130302,130304,130306,130308,130310,130312],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130283,68],{"class":53},[47,130285,58],{"class":57},[47,130287,303],{"class":151},[47,130289,130257],{"class":61},[47,130291,130292],{"class":155}," is learning Python. ",[47,130294,130257],{"class":61},[47,130296,130297],{"class":155}," likes coding.",[47,130299,309],{"class":151},[47,130301,914],{"class":77},[47,130303,129825],{"class":81},[47,130305,78],{"class":77},[47,130307,309],{"class":151},[47,130309,19818],{"class":155},[47,130311,309],{"class":151},[47,130313,85],{"class":77},[47,130315,130316,130318,130320,130322],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,130317,99],{"class":98},[47,130319,78],{"class":77},[47,130321,104],{"class":81},[47,130323,85],{"class":77},[20,130325,130326],{},[127,130327,129],{},[38,130329,130331],{"className":40,"code":130330,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Lina is learning Python. Lina likes coding.\n",[15,130332,130333],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,130334,130335,130338,130340,130343,130345,130348,130351],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130336,130337],{"class":53},"Lina ",[47,130339,353],{"class":57},[47,130341,130342],{"class":53}," learning Python",[47,130344,914],{"class":77},[47,130346,130347],{"class":24685}," Lina",[47,130349,130350],{"class":53}," likes coding",[47,130352,906],{"class":77},[20,130354,130355],{},"Example with changed order:",[38,130357,130359],{"className":40,"code":130358,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"{1} comes after {0}.\".format(\"one\", \"two\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130360,130361,130401],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,130362,130363,130365,130367,130369,130371,130373,130375,130377,130379,130381,130383,130385,130387,130389,130391,130393,130395,130397,130399],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130364,68],{"class":53},[47,130366,58],{"class":57},[47,130368,303],{"class":151},[47,130370,130260],{"class":61},[47,130372,83250],{"class":155},[47,130374,130257],{"class":61},[47,130376,914],{"class":155},[47,130378,309],{"class":151},[47,130380,914],{"class":77},[47,130382,129825],{"class":81},[47,130384,78],{"class":77},[47,130386,309],{"class":151},[47,130388,6519],{"class":155},[47,130390,309],{"class":151},[47,130392,668],{"class":77},[47,130394,303],{"class":151},[47,130396,79195],{"class":155},[47,130398,309],{"class":151},[47,130400,85],{"class":77},[47,130402,130403,130405,130407,130409],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,130404,99],{"class":98},[47,130406,78],{"class":77},[47,130408,104],{"class":81},[47,130410,85],{"class":77},[20,130412,130413],{},[127,130414,129],{},[38,130416,130418],{"className":40,"code":130417,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"two comes after one.\n",[15,130419,130420],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,130421,130422,130425],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130423,130424],{"class":53},"two comes after one",[47,130426,906],{"class":77},[20,130428,130429,130430,130432],{},"Numbered placeholders work, but for beginners, plain ",[15,130431,3727],{}," is often easier to read unless you need to reuse values.",[33,130434,130436],{"id":130435},"using-named-placeholders","Using named placeholders",[20,130438,130439,130440,914],{},"Named placeholders look like ",[15,130441,130442],{},"{name}",[20,130444,130445,130446,2826],{},"You pass matching names into ",[15,130447,126105],{},[38,130449,130451],{"className":40,"code":130450,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"My name is {name} and I live in {city}.\".format(name=\"Ana\", city=\"Lima\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130452,130453,130505],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,130454,130455,130457,130459,130461,130463,130465,130468,130471,130473,130475,130477,130479,130481,130483,130485,130487,130489,130491,130493,130495,130497,130499,130501,130503],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130456,68],{"class":53},[47,130458,58],{"class":57},[47,130460,303],{"class":151},[47,130462,129809],{"class":155},[47,130464,130442],{"class":61},[47,130466,130467],{"class":155}," and I live in ",[47,130469,130470],{"class":61},"{city}",[47,130472,914],{"class":155},[47,130474,309],{"class":151},[47,130476,914],{"class":77},[47,130478,129825],{"class":81},[47,130480,78],{"class":77},[47,130482,7601],{"class":9108},[47,130484,58],{"class":57},[47,130486,309],{"class":151},[47,130488,12814],{"class":155},[47,130490,309],{"class":151},[47,130492,668],{"class":77},[47,130494,31319],{"class":9108},[47,130496,58],{"class":57},[47,130498,309],{"class":151},[47,130500,15966],{"class":155},[47,130502,309],{"class":151},[47,130504,85],{"class":77},[47,130506,130507,130509,130511,130513],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,130508,99],{"class":98},[47,130510,78],{"class":77},[47,130512,104],{"class":81},[47,130514,85],{"class":77},[20,130516,130517],{},[127,130518,129],{},[38,130520,130522],{"className":40,"code":130521,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"My name is Ana and I live in Lima.\n",[15,130523,130524],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,130525,130526,130528,130530,130533,130535,130538,130540,130543],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130527,129859],{"class":53},[47,130529,353],{"class":57},[47,130531,130532],{"class":53}," Ana ",[47,130534,129867],{"class":57},[47,130536,130537],{"class":53}," I live ",[47,130539,3819],{"class":57},[47,130541,130542],{"class":53}," Lima",[47,130544,906],{"class":77},[20,130546,130547],{},"Named placeholders are useful because:",[185,130549,130550,130553,130556],{},[188,130551,130552],{},"they make code easier to read",[188,130554,130555],{},"they help when a string has many values",[188,130557,130558],{},"they reduce confusion about the order",[20,130560,800],{},[38,130562,130564],{"className":40,"code":130563,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"report = \"Student: {student}, Score: {score}\".format(student=\"Noah\", score=95)\nprint(report)\n",[15,130565,130566,130618],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,130567,130568,130571,130573,130575,130578,130581,130584,130587,130589,130591,130593,130595,130597,130599,130601,130604,130606,130608,130611,130613,130616],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130569,130570],{"class":53},"report ",[47,130572,58],{"class":57},[47,130574,303],{"class":151},[47,130576,130577],{"class":155},"Student: ",[47,130579,130580],{"class":61},"{student}",[47,130582,130583],{"class":155},", Score: ",[47,130585,130586],{"class":61},"{score}",[47,130588,309],{"class":151},[47,130590,914],{"class":77},[47,130592,129825],{"class":81},[47,130594,78],{"class":77},[47,130596,13561],{"class":9108},[47,130598,58],{"class":57},[47,130600,309],{"class":151},[47,130602,130603],{"class":155},"Noah",[47,130605,309],{"class":151},[47,130607,668],{"class":77},[47,130609,130610],{"class":9108}," score",[47,130612,58],{"class":57},[47,130614,130615],{"class":61},"95",[47,130617,85],{"class":77},[47,130619,130620,130622,130624,130626],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,130621,99],{"class":98},[47,130623,78],{"class":77},[47,130625,127815],{"class":81},[47,130627,85],{"class":77},[20,130629,130630],{},[127,130631,129],{},[38,130633,130635],{"className":40,"code":130634,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Student: Noah, Score: 95\n",[15,130636,130637],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,130638,130639,130642,130644,130647,130649,130652,130654],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130640,130641],{"class":53},"Student",[47,130643,2826],{"class":77},[47,130645,130646],{"class":53}," Noah",[47,130648,668],{"class":77},[47,130650,130651],{"class":53}," Score",[47,130653,2826],{"class":77},[47,130655,130656],{"class":61}," 95\n",[20,130658,130659,130660,914],{},"If you need to convert a value to text first, see ",[360,130661,13,130662,1834],{"href":42107},[15,130663,17],{},[33,130665,130667],{"id":130666},"formatting-numbers","Formatting numbers",[20,130669,130670,130672],{},[15,130671,126105],{}," can also control how numbers look.",[20,130674,130675,130676,130679],{},"A common example is ",[15,130677,130678],{},":.2f",", which means:",[185,130681,130682,130685],{},[188,130683,130684],{},"show the value as a floating-point number",[188,130686,130687],{},"keep 2 digits after the decimal point",[20,130689,800],{},[38,130691,130693],{"className":40,"code":130692,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"price = 3.5\ntext = \"Price: ${:.2f}\".format(price)\nprint(text)\n",[15,130694,130695,130703,130732],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,130696,130697,130699,130701],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130698,476],{"class":53},[47,130700,58],{"class":57},[47,130702,49201],{"class":61},[47,130704,130705,130707,130709,130711,130714,130716,130718,130720,130722,130724,130726,130728,130730],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,130706,68],{"class":53},[47,130708,58],{"class":57},[47,130710,303],{"class":151},[47,130712,130713],{"class":155},"Price: $",[47,130715,9211],{"class":61},[47,130717,130678],{"class":147},[47,130719,22237],{"class":61},[47,130721,309],{"class":151},[47,130723,914],{"class":77},[47,130725,129825],{"class":81},[47,130727,78],{"class":77},[47,130729,494],{"class":81},[47,130731,85],{"class":77},[47,130733,130734,130736,130738,130740],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,130735,99],{"class":98},[47,130737,78],{"class":77},[47,130739,104],{"class":81},[47,130741,85],{"class":77},[20,130743,130744],{},[127,130745,129],{},[38,130747,130749],{"className":40,"code":130748,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Price: $3.50\n",[15,130750,130751],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,130752,130753,130756,130758,130761],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130754,130755],{"class":53},"Price",[47,130757,2826],{"class":77},[47,130759,130760],{"class":37301}," $",[47,130762,130763],{"class":61},"3.50\n",[20,130765,52006],{},[38,130767,130769],{"className":40,"code":130768,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"average = 91.236\nprint(\"Average: {:.2f}\".format(average))\n",[15,130770,130771,130781],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,130772,130773,130776,130778],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130774,130775],{"class":53},"average ",[47,130777,58],{"class":57},[47,130779,130780],{"class":61}," 91.236\n",[47,130782,130783,130785,130787,130789,130792,130794,130796,130798,130800,130802,130804,130806,130809],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,130784,99],{"class":98},[47,130786,78],{"class":77},[47,130788,309],{"class":151},[47,130790,130791],{"class":155},"Average: ",[47,130793,9211],{"class":61},[47,130795,130678],{"class":147},[47,130797,22237],{"class":61},[47,130799,309],{"class":151},[47,130801,914],{"class":77},[47,130803,129825],{"class":81},[47,130805,78],{"class":77},[47,130807,130808],{"class":81},"average",[47,130810,123],{"class":77},[20,130812,130813],{},[127,130814,129],{},[38,130816,130818],{"className":40,"code":130817,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Average: 91.24\n",[15,130819,130820],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,130821,130822,130825,130827],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130823,130824],{"class":53},"Average",[47,130826,2826],{"class":77},[47,130828,130829],{"class":61}," 91.24\n",[20,130831,130832],{},"This is useful for:",[185,130834,130835,130837,130840],{},[188,130836,83008],{},[188,130838,130839],{},"averages",[188,130841,130842],{},"percentages",[20,130844,130845,130846,914],{},"You can print formatted text with the ",[360,130847,13,130848,366],{"href":1089},[15,130849,923],{},[33,130851,1504],{"id":1503},[20,130853,130854,92437],{},[15,130855,126105],{},[20,130857,130858],{},"That means you can:",[185,130860,130861,130864,130867],{},[188,130862,130863],{},"save it in a variable",[188,130865,130866],{},"print it directly",[188,130868,130869],{},"use it anywhere a string is needed",[20,130871,800],{},[38,130873,130875],{"className":40,"code":130874,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"message = \"Hello, {}!\".format(\"Chris\")\nprint(message)\nprint(type(message))\n",[15,130876,130877,130908,130918],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,130878,130879,130881,130883,130885,130887,130889,130891,130893,130895,130897,130899,130901,130904,130906],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130880,298],{"class":53},[47,130882,58],{"class":57},[47,130884,303],{"class":151},[47,130886,44833],{"class":155},[47,130888,3727],{"class":61},[47,130890,89769],{"class":155},[47,130892,309],{"class":151},[47,130894,914],{"class":77},[47,130896,129825],{"class":81},[47,130898,78],{"class":77},[47,130900,309],{"class":151},[47,130902,130903],{"class":155},"Chris",[47,130905,309],{"class":151},[47,130907,85],{"class":77},[47,130909,130910,130912,130914,130916],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,130911,99],{"class":98},[47,130913,78],{"class":77},[47,130915,334],{"class":81},[47,130917,85],{"class":77},[47,130919,130920,130922,130924,130926,130928,130930],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,130921,99],{"class":98},[47,130923,78],{"class":77},[47,130925,116],{"class":73},[47,130927,78],{"class":77},[47,130929,334],{"class":81},[47,130931,123],{"class":77},[20,130933,130934],{},[127,130935,129],{},[38,130937,130939],{"className":40,"code":130938,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Hello, Chris!\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,130940,130941,130950],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,130942,130943,130945,130947],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130944,34800],{"class":53},[47,130946,668],{"class":77},[47,130948,130949],{"class":53}," Chris!\n",[47,130951,130952,130954,130956,130958,130960,130962],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,130953,144],{"class":57},[47,130955,148],{"class":147},[47,130957,152],{"class":151},[47,130959,156],{"class":155},[47,130961,159],{"class":151},[47,130963,162],{"class":57},[20,130965,130966],{},"The original string is not changed.",[33,130968,130970,130972],{"id":130969},"format-vs-f-strings",[15,130971,126105],{}," vs f-strings",[20,130974,130975,130977],{},[15,130976,126105],{}," is a string method.",[20,130979,130980],{},"Python also has f-strings, which are another way to insert values into strings.",[20,130982,45971,130983,2826],{},[15,130984,126105],{},[38,130986,130988],{"className":40,"code":130987,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(\"Hello, {}!\".format(name))\n",[15,130989,130990,131003],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,130991,130992,130994,130996,130998,131001],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130993,810],{"class":53},[47,130995,58],{"class":57},[47,130997,303],{"class":151},[47,130999,131000],{"class":155},"Rita",[47,131002,820],{"class":151},[47,131004,131005,131007,131009,131011,131013,131015,131017,131019,131021,131023,131025,131027],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,131006,99],{"class":98},[47,131008,78],{"class":77},[47,131010,309],{"class":151},[47,131012,44833],{"class":155},[47,131014,3727],{"class":61},[47,131016,89769],{"class":155},[47,131018,309],{"class":151},[47,131020,914],{"class":77},[47,131022,129825],{"class":81},[47,131024,78],{"class":77},[47,131026,7601],{"class":81},[47,131028,123],{"class":77},[20,131030,131031],{},"Example with an f-string:",[38,131033,131035],{"className":40,"code":131034,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(f\"Hello, {name}!\")\n",[15,131036,131037,131049],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,131038,131039,131041,131043,131045,131047],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,131040,810],{"class":53},[47,131042,58],{"class":57},[47,131044,303],{"class":151},[47,131046,131000],{"class":155},[47,131048,820],{"class":151},[47,131050,131051,131053,131055,131057,131059,131061,131063,131065,131068],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,131052,99],{"class":98},[47,131054,78],{"class":77},[47,131056,22228],{"class":147},[47,131058,43277],{"class":155},[47,131060,9211],{"class":61},[47,131062,7601],{"class":81},[47,131064,22237],{"class":61},[47,131066,131067],{"class":155},"!\"",[47,131069,85],{"class":77},[20,131071,131072],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are shorter and easier to read.",[20,131074,131075,131076,131078,131079,914],{},"This page focuses on how ",[15,131077,126105],{}," works. If you want the bigger picture, read ",[360,131080,913],{"href":912},[33,131082,2775],{"id":2774},[20,131084,131085,131086,914],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when using ",[15,131087,126105],{},[373,131089,131091],{"id":131090},"using-more-placeholders-than-values","Using more placeholders than values",[20,131093,131094],{},"This causes an error because Python cannot fill every placeholder.",[38,131096,131098],{"className":40,"code":131097,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131099,131100,131133],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,131101,131102,131104,131106,131108,131110,131112,131115,131117,131119,131121,131123,131125,131127,131129,131131],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,131103,68],{"class":53},[47,131105,58],{"class":57},[47,131107,303],{"class":151},[47,131109,44833],{"class":155},[47,131111,3727],{"class":61},[47,131113,131114],{"class":61}," {}",[47,131116,89769],{"class":155},[47,131118,309],{"class":151},[47,131120,914],{"class":77},[47,131122,129825],{"class":81},[47,131124,78],{"class":77},[47,131126,309],{"class":151},[47,131128,7610],{"class":155},[47,131130,309],{"class":151},[47,131132,85],{"class":77},[47,131134,131135,131137,131139,131141],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,131136,99],{"class":98},[47,131138,78],{"class":77},[47,131140,104],{"class":81},[47,131142,85],{"class":77},[20,131144,131145],{},"You need to pass enough values for all placeholders.",[20,131147,131148],{},"Fixed version:",[38,131150,131152],{"className":40,"code":131151,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\", \"Lee\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131153,131154,131195],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,131155,131156,131158,131160,131162,131164,131166,131168,131170,131172,131174,131176,131178,131180,131182,131184,131186,131188,131191,131193],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,131157,68],{"class":53},[47,131159,58],{"class":57},[47,131161,303],{"class":151},[47,131163,44833],{"class":155},[47,131165,3727],{"class":61},[47,131167,131114],{"class":61},[47,131169,89769],{"class":155},[47,131171,309],{"class":151},[47,131173,914],{"class":77},[47,131175,129825],{"class":81},[47,131177,78],{"class":77},[47,131179,309],{"class":151},[47,131181,7610],{"class":155},[47,131183,309],{"class":151},[47,131185,668],{"class":77},[47,131187,303],{"class":151},[47,131189,131190],{"class":155},"Lee",[47,131192,309],{"class":151},[47,131194,85],{"class":77},[47,131196,131197,131199,131201,131203],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,131198,99],{"class":98},[47,131200,78],{"class":77},[47,131202,104],{"class":81},[47,131204,85],{"class":77},[373,131206,131208],{"id":131207},"using-the-wrong-placeholder-name","Using the wrong placeholder name",[20,131210,131211,131212,914],{},"The name inside the braces must match the name passed to ",[15,131213,126105],{},[20,131215,131216],{},"Problem:",[38,131218,131220],{"className":40,"code":131219,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(username=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131221,131222,131256],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,131223,131224,131226,131228,131230,131232,131234,131236,131238,131240,131242,131244,131246,131248,131250,131252,131254],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,131225,68],{"class":53},[47,131227,58],{"class":57},[47,131229,303],{"class":151},[47,131231,44833],{"class":155},[47,131233,130442],{"class":61},[47,131235,89769],{"class":155},[47,131237,309],{"class":151},[47,131239,914],{"class":77},[47,131241,129825],{"class":81},[47,131243,78],{"class":77},[47,131245,7916],{"class":9108},[47,131247,58],{"class":57},[47,131249,309],{"class":151},[47,131251,7610],{"class":155},[47,131253,309],{"class":151},[47,131255,85],{"class":77},[47,131257,131258,131260,131262,131264],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,131259,99],{"class":98},[47,131261,78],{"class":77},[47,131263,104],{"class":81},[47,131265,85],{"class":77},[20,131267,131148],{},[38,131269,131271],{"className":40,"code":131270,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(name=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131272,131273,131307],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,131274,131275,131277,131279,131281,131283,131285,131287,131289,131291,131293,131295,131297,131299,131301,131303,131305],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,131276,68],{"class":53},[47,131278,58],{"class":57},[47,131280,303],{"class":151},[47,131282,44833],{"class":155},[47,131284,130442],{"class":61},[47,131286,89769],{"class":155},[47,131288,309],{"class":151},[47,131290,914],{"class":77},[47,131292,129825],{"class":81},[47,131294,78],{"class":77},[47,131296,7601],{"class":9108},[47,131298,58],{"class":57},[47,131300,309],{"class":151},[47,131302,7610],{"class":155},[47,131304,309],{"class":151},[47,131306,85],{"class":77},[47,131308,131309,131311,131313,131315],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,131310,99],{"class":98},[47,131312,78],{"class":77},[47,131314,104],{"class":81},[47,131316,85],{"class":77},[373,131318,1400,131320,131322],{"id":131319},"expecting-format-to-change-the-original-string",[15,131321,126105],{}," to change the original string",[20,131324,131325,131327],{},[15,131326,126105],{}," does not modify the original string.",[20,131329,131216],{},[38,131331,131333],{"className":40,"code":131332,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131334,131335,131349,131367],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,131336,131337,131339,131341,131343,131345,131347],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,131338,68],{"class":53},[47,131340,58],{"class":57},[47,131342,303],{"class":151},[47,131344,44833],{"class":155},[47,131346,3727],{"class":61},[47,131348,820],{"class":151},[47,131350,131351,131353,131355,131357,131359,131361,131363,131365],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,131352,104],{"class":53},[47,131354,914],{"class":77},[47,131356,129825],{"class":81},[47,131358,78],{"class":77},[47,131360,309],{"class":151},[47,131362,7610],{"class":155},[47,131364,309],{"class":151},[47,131366,85],{"class":77},[47,131368,131369,131371,131373,131375],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,131370,99],{"class":98},[47,131372,78],{"class":77},[47,131374,104],{"class":81},[47,131376,85],{"class":77},[20,131378,131379],{},[127,131380,129],{},[38,131382,131384],{"className":40,"code":131383,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Hello, {}\n",[15,131385,131386],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,131387,131388,131390,131392],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,131389,34800],{"class":53},[47,131391,668],{"class":77},[47,131393,9770],{"class":77},[20,131395,131148],{},[38,131397,131399],{"className":40,"code":131398,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext = text.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131400,131401,131415,131437],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,131402,131403,131405,131407,131409,131411,131413],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,131404,68],{"class":53},[47,131406,58],{"class":57},[47,131408,303],{"class":151},[47,131410,44833],{"class":155},[47,131412,3727],{"class":61},[47,131414,820],{"class":151},[47,131416,131417,131419,131421,131423,131425,131427,131429,131431,131433,131435],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,131418,68],{"class":53},[47,131420,58],{"class":57},[47,131422,42772],{"class":53},[47,131424,914],{"class":77},[47,131426,129825],{"class":81},[47,131428,78],{"class":77},[47,131430,309],{"class":151},[47,131432,7610],{"class":155},[47,131434,309],{"class":151},[47,131436,85],{"class":77},[47,131438,131439,131441,131443,131445],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,131440,99],{"class":98},[47,131442,78],{"class":77},[47,131444,104],{"class":81},[47,131446,85],{"class":77},[373,131448,4639,131450,131452],{"id":131449},"forgetting-that-format-returns-a-new-string",[15,131451,126105],{}," returns a new string",[20,131454,131455],{},"This is similar to the problem above. Always store the result if you need to use it later.",[373,131457,131459],{"id":131458},"mixing-placeholder-indexes-in-a-confusing-way","Mixing placeholder indexes in a confusing way",[20,131461,131462],{},"Numbered placeholders can be useful, but too much mixing can make the string harder to understand.",[20,131464,131465,131466,131468],{},"Use simple ",[15,131467,3727],{}," or named placeholders when possible.",[20,131470,131471,131472,914],{},"If you are trying to join strings and numbers directly, you may also see ",[360,131473,1655],{"href":1651},[33,131475,67822],{"id":67821},[20,131477,131478],{},"These simple lines can help you test what is happening:",[38,131480,131482],{"className":40,"code":131481,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(text)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(\"Hello {}\".format(\"Sam\"))\nhelp(str.format)\n",[15,131483,131484,131494,131508,131537],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,131485,131486,131488,131490,131492],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,131487,99],{"class":98},[47,131489,78],{"class":77},[47,131491,104],{"class":81},[47,131493,85],{"class":77},[47,131495,131496,131498,131500,131502,131504,131506],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,131497,99],{"class":98},[47,131499,78],{"class":77},[47,131501,116],{"class":73},[47,131503,78],{"class":77},[47,131505,585],{"class":81},[47,131507,123],{"class":77},[47,131509,131510,131512,131514,131516,131519,131521,131523,131525,131527,131529,131531,131533,131535],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,131511,99],{"class":98},[47,131513,78],{"class":77},[47,131515,309],{"class":151},[47,131517,131518],{"class":155},"Hello ",[47,131520,3727],{"class":61},[47,131522,309],{"class":151},[47,131524,914],{"class":77},[47,131526,129825],{"class":81},[47,131528,78],{"class":77},[47,131530,309],{"class":151},[47,131532,7610],{"class":155},[47,131534,309],{"class":151},[47,131536,123],{"class":77},[47,131538,131539,131541,131543,131545,131547,131549],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,131540,32087],{"class":98},[47,131542,78],{"class":77},[47,131544,156],{"class":73},[47,131546,914],{"class":77},[47,131548,129825],{"class":24685},[47,131550,85],{"class":77},[20,131552,131553],{},"Use them to check:",[185,131555,131556,131559,131562,131565],{},[188,131557,131558],{},"what your string looks like before and after formatting",[188,131560,131561],{},"what type your value has",[188,131563,131564],{},"whether a small test example works",[188,131566,131567,131568],{},"Python’s built-in help for ",[15,131569,131570],{},"str.format",[33,131572,1762],{"id":1761},[373,131574,129606,131576,12649],{"id":131575},"what-does-python-string-format-return",[15,131577,126105],{},[20,131579,131580],{},"It returns a new string with the placeholders replaced.",[373,131582,131584],{"id":131583},"do-i-need-to-use-numbers-inside-the-braces","Do I need to use numbers inside the braces?",[20,131586,131587,131588,131590],{},"No. You can use plain ",[15,131589,3727],{}," for simple cases, or numbered and named placeholders when needed.",[373,131592,131594,131595,1812],{"id":131593},"can-i-format-numbers-with-format","Can I format numbers with ",[15,131596,126105],{},[20,131598,131599,131600,131603],{},"Yes. A common example is ",[15,131601,131602],{},"\"{:.2f}\""," to show 2 decimal places.",[373,131605,1806,131607,131609],{"id":131606},"is-format-better-than-f-strings",[15,131608,126105],{}," better than f-strings?",[20,131611,131612,131613,131615],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are easier to read, but ",[15,131614,126105],{}," is still useful and common.",[33,131617,1825],{"id":1824},[185,131619,131620,131624,131628,131634,131640],{},[188,131621,131622],{},[360,131623,124857],{"href":50901},[188,131625,131626],{},[360,131627,1866],{"href":912},[188,131629,131630],{},[360,131631,13,131632,1834],{"href":1089},[15,131633,923],{},[188,131635,131636],{},[360,131637,13,131638,1834],{"href":42107},[15,131639,17],{},[188,131641,131642],{},[360,131643,1655],{"href":1651},[1875,131645,131646],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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.sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":65,"depth":65,"links":131648},[131649,131650,131652,131653,131654,131655,131656,131657,131659,131668,131669,131678],{"id":35,"depth":65,"text":36},{"id":129892,"depth":65,"text":131651},"What the format() method does",{"id":244,"depth":65,"text":245},{"id":130173,"depth":65,"text":130174},{"id":130435,"depth":65,"text":130436},{"id":130666,"depth":65,"text":130667},{"id":1503,"depth":65,"text":1504},{"id":130969,"depth":65,"text":131658},"format() vs f-strings",{"id":2774,"depth":65,"text":2775,"children":131660},[131661,131662,131663,131665,131667],{"id":131090,"depth":88,"text":131091},{"id":131207,"depth":88,"text":131208},{"id":131319,"depth":88,"text":131664},"Expecting format() to change the original string",{"id":131449,"depth":88,"text":131666},"Forgetting that format() returns a new string",{"id":131458,"depth":88,"text":131459},{"id":67821,"depth":65,"text":67822},{"id":1761,"depth":65,"text":1762,"children":131670},[131671,131673,131674,131676],{"id":131575,"depth":88,"text":131672},"What does Python string format() return?",{"id":131583,"depth":88,"text":131584},{"id":131593,"depth":88,"text":131675},"Can I format numbers with format()?",{"id":131606,"depth":88,"text":131677},"Is format() better than f-strings?",{"id":1824,"depth":65,"text":1825},"Master python string format method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method",{"title":129752,"description":131679},"reference\u002Fpython-string-format-method","3OFzHK3_StgzrEcYSZF3SLkvZkvBMBNZ1KeFd0x5PgM",{"id":131686,"title":131687,"body":131688,"description":133168,"extension":1922,"meta":133169,"navigation":91,"path":133170,"seo":133171,"stem":133172,"__hash__":133173},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method.md","Python String index() Method",{"type":7,"value":131689,"toc":133140},[131690,131695,131700,131705,131707,131769,131776,131782,131787,131789,131805,131807,131878,131880,131894,131897,131947,131949,131951,131978,131981,131996,131999,132040,132043,132088,132095,132144,132146,132154,132156,132174,132176,132269,132277,132318,132323,132330,132336,132343,132346,132350,132451,132453,132475,132479,132532,132535,132538,132544,132551,132553,132592,132594,132612,132622,132629,132712,132715,132722,132729,132736,132740,132748,132794,132798,132807,132872,132877,132882,132893,132895,132900,132927,132929,133032,133035,133055,133057,133062,133065,133069,133073,133080,133089,133095,133098,133104,133106,133108,133137],[10,131691,123102,131693,11256],{"id":131692},"python-string-index-method",[15,131694,58895],{},[20,131696,123107,131697,131699],{},[15,131698,58895],{}," method returns the position of the first match inside a string.",[20,131701,131702,131703,914],{},"Use it when you want to find where a character or substring appears, and you expect that value to be present. If Python cannot find the value, it raises a ",[15,131704,40637],{},[33,131706,36],{"id":35},[38,131708,131710],{"className":40,"code":131709,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.index(\"world\")\nprint(position)\n\n# Output:\n# 6\n",[15,131711,131712,131724,131746,131756,131760,131764],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,131713,131714,131716,131718,131720,131722],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,131715,68],{"class":53},[47,131717,58],{"class":57},[47,131719,303],{"class":151},[47,131721,60334],{"class":155},[47,131723,820],{"class":151},[47,131725,131726,131728,131730,131732,131734,131736,131738,131740,131742,131744],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,131727,64846],{"class":53},[47,131729,58],{"class":57},[47,131731,42772],{"class":53},[47,131733,914],{"class":77},[47,131735,35780],{"class":81},[47,131737,78],{"class":77},[47,131739,309],{"class":151},[47,131741,60519],{"class":155},[47,131743,309],{"class":151},[47,131745,85],{"class":77},[47,131747,131748,131750,131752,131754],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,131749,99],{"class":98},[47,131751,78],{"class":77},[47,131753,64873],{"class":81},[47,131755,85],{"class":77},[47,131757,131758],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,131759,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,131761,131762],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,131763,90740],{"class":1378},[47,131765,131766],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,131767,131768],{"class":1378},"# 6\n",[20,131770,165,131771,131773,131774,914],{},[15,131772,58895],{}," when you want the position of a substring and expect it to exist. If the value is missing, Python raises a ",[15,131775,40637],{},[33,131777,172,131779,175],{"id":131778},"what-strindex-does",[15,131780,131781],{},"str.index()",[20,131783,131784,131786],{},[15,131785,131781],{}," searches a string and gives back the position of the first match.",[20,131788,12986],{},[185,131790,131791,131794,131797,131800],{},[188,131792,131793],{},"It returns the position of the first match in a string",[188,131795,131796],{},"It works with a single character or a longer substring",[188,131798,131799],{},"The search is case-sensitive",[188,131801,30228,131802,131804],{},[15,131803,40637],{}," if the substring is not found",[20,131806,800],{},[38,131808,131810],{"className":40,"code":131809,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))     # 1\nprint(text.index(\"na\"))    # 2\n",[15,131811,131812,131824,131828,131853],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,131813,131814,131816,131818,131820,131822],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,131815,68],{"class":53},[47,131817,58],{"class":57},[47,131819,303],{"class":151},[47,131821,1434],{"class":155},[47,131823,820],{"class":151},[47,131825,131826],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,131827,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,131829,131830,131832,131834,131836,131838,131840,131842,131844,131846,131848,131850],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,131831,99],{"class":98},[47,131833,78],{"class":77},[47,131835,104],{"class":81},[47,131837,914],{"class":77},[47,131839,35780],{"class":81},[47,131841,78],{"class":77},[47,131843,309],{"class":151},[47,131845,360],{"class":155},[47,131847,309],{"class":151},[47,131849,5294],{"class":77},[47,131851,131852],{"class":1378},"     # 1\n",[47,131854,131855,131857,131859,131861,131863,131865,131867,131869,131871,131873,131875],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,131856,99],{"class":98},[47,131858,78],{"class":77},[47,131860,104],{"class":81},[47,131862,914],{"class":77},[47,131864,35780],{"class":81},[47,131866,78],{"class":77},[47,131868,309],{"class":151},[47,131870,123195],{"class":155},[47,131872,309],{"class":151},[47,131874,5294],{"class":77},[47,131876,131877],{"class":1378},"    # 2\n",[20,131879,2136],{},[185,131881,131882,131888],{},[188,131883,131884,128315,131886],{},[15,131885,18031],{},[15,131887,665],{},[188,131889,131890,128315,131892],{},[15,131891,128314],{},[15,131893,2016],{},[20,131895,131896],{},"Case sensitivity matters:",[38,131898,131900],{"className":40,"code":131899,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"H\"))   # 0\n# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[15,131901,131902,131914,131918,131942],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,131903,131904,131906,131908,131910,131912],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,131905,68],{"class":53},[47,131907,58],{"class":57},[47,131909,303],{"class":151},[47,131911,34800],{"class":155},[47,131913,820],{"class":151},[47,131915,131916],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,131917,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,131919,131920,131922,131924,131926,131928,131930,131932,131934,131936,131938,131940],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,131921,99],{"class":98},[47,131923,78],{"class":77},[47,131925,104],{"class":81},[47,131927,914],{"class":77},[47,131929,35780],{"class":81},[47,131931,78],{"class":77},[47,131933,309],{"class":151},[47,131935,51117],{"class":155},[47,131937,309],{"class":151},[47,131939,5294],{"class":77},[47,131941,20704],{"class":1378},[47,131943,131944],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,131945,131946],{"class":1378},"# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[33,131948,245],{"id":244},[20,131950,2117],{},[38,131952,131954],{"className":40,"code":131953,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"string.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,131955,131956],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,131957,131958,131960,131962,131964,131966,131968,131970,131972,131974,131976],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,131959,61102],{"class":53},[47,131961,914],{"class":77},[47,131963,35780],{"class":81},[47,131965,78],{"class":77},[47,131967,585],{"class":81},[47,131969,668],{"class":77},[47,131971,35985],{"class":81},[47,131973,668],{"class":77},[47,131975,64967],{"class":81},[47,131977,85],{"class":77},[20,131979,131980],{},"Parameters:",[185,131982,131983,131987,131991],{},[188,131984,131985,123294],{},[15,131986,585],{},[188,131988,131989,128361],{},[15,131990,36006],{},[188,131992,131993,131995],{},[15,131994,52587],{},": optional stopping position",[20,131997,131998],{},"You can use just the value:",[38,132000,132002],{"className":40,"code":132001,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"python\"\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,132003,132004,132016],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,132005,132006,132008,132010,132012,132014],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,132007,68],{"class":53},[47,132009,58],{"class":57},[47,132011,303],{"class":151},[47,132013,42],{"class":155},[47,132015,820],{"class":151},[47,132017,132018,132020,132022,132024,132026,132028,132030,132032,132034,132036,132038],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,132019,99],{"class":98},[47,132021,78],{"class":77},[47,132023,104],{"class":81},[47,132025,914],{"class":77},[47,132027,35780],{"class":81},[47,132029,78],{"class":77},[47,132031,309],{"class":151},[47,132033,63214],{"class":155},[47,132035,309],{"class":151},[47,132037,5294],{"class":77},[47,132039,51341],{"class":1378},[20,132041,132042],{},"Or include a start position:",[38,132044,132046],{"className":40,"code":132045,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))  # 3\n",[15,132047,132048,132060],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,132049,132050,132052,132054,132056,132058],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,132051,68],{"class":53},[47,132053,58],{"class":57},[47,132055,303],{"class":151},[47,132057,1434],{"class":155},[47,132059,820],{"class":151},[47,132061,132062,132064,132066,132068,132070,132072,132074,132076,132078,132080,132082,132084,132086],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,132063,99],{"class":98},[47,132065,78],{"class":77},[47,132067,104],{"class":81},[47,132069,914],{"class":77},[47,132071,35780],{"class":81},[47,132073,78],{"class":77},[47,132075,309],{"class":151},[47,132077,360],{"class":155},[47,132079,309],{"class":151},[47,132081,668],{"class":77},[47,132083,671],{"class":61},[47,132085,5294],{"class":77},[47,132087,50696],{"class":1378},[20,132089,132090,132091,4329,132093,2826],{},"Or include both ",[15,132092,36006],{},[15,132094,52587],{},[38,132096,132098],{"className":40,"code":132097,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2, 5))  # 3\n",[15,132099,132100,132112],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,132101,132102,132104,132106,132108,132110],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,132103,68],{"class":53},[47,132105,58],{"class":57},[47,132107,303],{"class":151},[47,132109,1434],{"class":155},[47,132111,820],{"class":151},[47,132113,132114,132116,132118,132120,132122,132124,132126,132128,132130,132132,132134,132136,132138,132140,132142],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,132115,99],{"class":98},[47,132117,78],{"class":77},[47,132119,104],{"class":81},[47,132121,914],{"class":77},[47,132123,35780],{"class":81},[47,132125,78],{"class":77},[47,132127,309],{"class":151},[47,132129,360],{"class":155},[47,132131,309],{"class":151},[47,132133,668],{"class":77},[47,132135,671],{"class":61},[47,132137,668],{"class":77},[47,132139,4540],{"class":61},[47,132141,5294],{"class":77},[47,132143,50696],{"class":1378},[33,132145,37955],{"id":37954},[20,132147,28642,132148,132150,132151,914],{},[15,132149,58895],{}," is a ",[127,132152,132153],{},"zero-based index",[20,132155,183],{},[185,132157,132158,132164,132169],{},[188,132159,132160,132161,132163],{},"Index ",[15,132162,2077],{}," is the first character",[188,132165,132160,132166,132168],{},[15,132167,665],{}," is the second character",[188,132170,132160,132171,132173],{},[15,132172,2016],{}," is the third character",[20,132175,800],{},[38,132177,132179],{"className":40,"code":132178,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"cat\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"c\"))  # 0\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,132180,132181,132193,132197,132221,132245],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,132182,132183,132185,132187,132189,132191],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,132184,68],{"class":53},[47,132186,58],{"class":57},[47,132188,303],{"class":151},[47,132190,36981],{"class":155},[47,132192,820],{"class":151},[47,132194,132195],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,132196,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,132198,132199,132201,132203,132205,132207,132209,132211,132213,132215,132217,132219],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,132200,99],{"class":98},[47,132202,78],{"class":77},[47,132204,104],{"class":81},[47,132206,914],{"class":77},[47,132208,35780],{"class":81},[47,132210,78],{"class":77},[47,132212,309],{"class":151},[47,132214,9671],{"class":155},[47,132216,309],{"class":151},[47,132218,5294],{"class":77},[47,132220,51173],{"class":1378},[47,132222,132223,132225,132227,132229,132231,132233,132235,132237,132239,132241,132243],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,132224,99],{"class":98},[47,132226,78],{"class":77},[47,132228,104],{"class":81},[47,132230,914],{"class":77},[47,132232,35780],{"class":81},[47,132234,78],{"class":77},[47,132236,309],{"class":151},[47,132238,360],{"class":155},[47,132240,309],{"class":151},[47,132242,5294],{"class":77},[47,132244,27713],{"class":1378},[47,132246,132247,132249,132251,132253,132255,132257,132259,132261,132263,132265,132267],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,132248,99],{"class":98},[47,132250,78],{"class":77},[47,132252,104],{"class":81},[47,132254,914],{"class":77},[47,132256,35780],{"class":81},[47,132258,78],{"class":77},[47,132260,309],{"class":151},[47,132262,63214],{"class":155},[47,132264,309],{"class":151},[47,132266,5294],{"class":77},[47,132268,51341],{"class":1378},[20,132270,132271,132273,132274,132276],{},[15,132272,58895],{}," returns only the ",[127,132275,29843],{}," matching position.",[38,132278,132280],{"className":40,"code":132279,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\n",[15,132281,132282,132294],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,132283,132284,132286,132288,132290,132292],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,132285,68],{"class":53},[47,132287,58],{"class":57},[47,132289,303],{"class":151},[47,132291,1434],{"class":155},[47,132293,820],{"class":151},[47,132295,132296,132298,132300,132302,132304,132306,132308,132310,132312,132314,132316],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,132297,99],{"class":98},[47,132299,78],{"class":77},[47,132301,104],{"class":81},[47,132303,914],{"class":77},[47,132305,35780],{"class":81},[47,132307,78],{"class":77},[47,132309,309],{"class":151},[47,132311,360],{"class":155},[47,132313,309],{"class":151},[47,132315,5294],{"class":77},[47,132317,27713],{"class":1378},[20,132319,20913,132320,132322],{},[15,132321,18031],{}," appears more than once, the method returns only the first match.",[20,132324,132325,132326,914],{},"If you need to count matches instead, see the ",[360,132327,132328,10673],{"href":124552},[15,132329,58517],{},[33,132331,1335,132332,4329,132334],{"id":65333},[15,132333,36006],{},[15,132335,52587],{},[20,132337,1939,132338,4329,132340,132342],{},[15,132339,36006],{},[15,132341,52587],{}," arguments let you search only part of the string.",[20,132344,132345],{},"This is useful when the same text appears more than once.",[20,132347,45971,132348,2826],{},[15,132349,36006],{},[38,132351,132353],{"className":40,"code":132352,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))      # 1\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))   # 3\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 4))   # 5\n",[15,132354,132355,132367,132371,132395,132423],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,132356,132357,132359,132361,132363,132365],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,132358,68],{"class":53},[47,132360,58],{"class":57},[47,132362,303],{"class":151},[47,132364,1434],{"class":155},[47,132366,820],{"class":151},[47,132368,132369],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,132370,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,132372,132373,132375,132377,132379,132381,132383,132385,132387,132389,132391,132393],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,132374,99],{"class":98},[47,132376,78],{"class":77},[47,132378,104],{"class":81},[47,132380,914],{"class":77},[47,132382,35780],{"class":81},[47,132384,78],{"class":77},[47,132386,309],{"class":151},[47,132388,360],{"class":155},[47,132390,309],{"class":151},[47,132392,5294],{"class":77},[47,132394,51046],{"class":1378},[47,132396,132397,132399,132401,132403,132405,132407,132409,132411,132413,132415,132417,132419,132421],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,132398,99],{"class":98},[47,132400,78],{"class":77},[47,132402,104],{"class":81},[47,132404,914],{"class":77},[47,132406,35780],{"class":81},[47,132408,78],{"class":77},[47,132410,309],{"class":151},[47,132412,360],{"class":155},[47,132414,309],{"class":151},[47,132416,668],{"class":77},[47,132418,671],{"class":61},[47,132420,5294],{"class":77},[47,132422,50895],{"class":1378},[47,132424,132425,132427,132429,132431,132433,132435,132437,132439,132441,132443,132445,132447,132449],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,132426,99],{"class":98},[47,132428,78],{"class":77},[47,132430,104],{"class":81},[47,132432,914],{"class":77},[47,132434,35780],{"class":81},[47,132436,78],{"class":77},[47,132438,309],{"class":151},[47,132440,360],{"class":155},[47,132442,309],{"class":151},[47,132444,668],{"class":77},[47,132446,2404],{"class":61},[47,132448,5294],{"class":77},[47,132450,50679],{"class":1378},[20,132452,19893],{},[185,132454,132455,132462,132468],{},[188,132456,132457,132458,65523,132460],{},"The first search finds the first ",[15,132459,18031],{},[15,132461,665],{},[188,132463,132464,132465,132467],{},"Starting at index ",[15,132466,2016],{}," skips that first match",[188,132469,132464,132470,132472,132473],{},[15,132471,2451],{}," finds the last ",[15,132474,18031],{},[20,132476,45971,132477,2826],{},[15,132478,52587],{},[38,132480,132482],{"className":40,"code":132481,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"n\", 0, 4))  # 2\n",[15,132483,132484,132496,132500],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,132485,132486,132488,132490,132492,132494],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,132487,68],{"class":53},[47,132489,58],{"class":57},[47,132491,303],{"class":151},[47,132493,1434],{"class":155},[47,132495,820],{"class":151},[47,132497,132498],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,132499,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,132501,132502,132504,132506,132508,132510,132512,132514,132516,132518,132520,132522,132524,132526,132528,132530],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,132503,99],{"class":98},[47,132505,78],{"class":77},[47,132507,104],{"class":81},[47,132509,914],{"class":77},[47,132511,35780],{"class":81},[47,132513,78],{"class":77},[47,132515,309],{"class":151},[47,132517,75954],{"class":155},[47,132519,309],{"class":151},[47,132521,668],{"class":77},[47,132523,3769],{"class":61},[47,132525,668],{"class":77},[47,132527,2404],{"class":61},[47,132529,5294],{"class":77},[47,132531,51341],{"class":1378},[20,132533,132534],{},"This searches only within part of the string.",[20,132536,132537],{},"One important detail: the returned index still refers to the original string, not a smaller temporary section.",[33,132539,44144,132541,132543],{"id":132540},"when-index-causes-an-error",[15,132542,58895],{}," causes an error",[20,132545,132546,132547,52421,132549,914],{},"If the substring is not found, ",[15,132548,58895],{},[15,132550,40637],{},[20,132552,800],{},[38,132554,132556],{"className":40,"code":132555,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"z\"))\n",[15,132557,132558,132570],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,132559,132560,132562,132564,132566,132568],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,132561,68],{"class":53},[47,132563,58],{"class":57},[47,132565,303],{"class":151},[47,132567,3781],{"class":155},[47,132569,820],{"class":151},[47,132571,132572,132574,132576,132578,132580,132582,132584,132586,132588,132590],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,132573,99],{"class":98},[47,132575,78],{"class":77},[47,132577,104],{"class":81},[47,132579,914],{"class":77},[47,132581,35780],{"class":81},[47,132583,78],{"class":77},[47,132585,309],{"class":151},[47,132587,22011],{"class":155},[47,132589,309],{"class":151},[47,132591,123],{"class":77},[20,132593,129],{},[38,132595,132597],{"className":40,"code":132596,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"ValueError: substring not found\n",[15,132598,132599],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,132600,132601,132603,132605,132608,132610],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,132602,40637],{"class":73},[47,132604,2826],{"class":77},[47,132606,132607],{"class":53}," substring ",[47,132609,768],{"class":57},[47,132611,65756],{"class":53},[20,132613,53268,132614,126068,132619,132621],{},[360,132615,132616],{"href":129746},[15,132617,132618],{},"str.find()",[15,132620,65781],{}," instead of raising an error.",[20,132623,132624,132625,4329,132627,2826],{},"If the value may not exist, use ",[15,132626,29738],{},[15,132628,29769],{},[38,132630,132632],{"className":40,"code":132631,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\n\ntry:\n    position = text.index(\"z\")\n    print(position)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Substring not found\")\n",[15,132633,132634,132646,132650,132656,132679,132689,132697],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,132635,132636,132638,132640,132642,132644],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,132637,68],{"class":53},[47,132639,58],{"class":57},[47,132641,303],{"class":151},[47,132643,3781],{"class":155},[47,132645,820],{"class":151},[47,132647,132648],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,132649,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,132651,132652,132654],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,132653,29738],{"class":3812},[47,132655,6329],{"class":77},[47,132657,132658,132661,132663,132665,132667,132669,132671,132673,132675,132677],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,132659,132660],{"class":53},"    position ",[47,132662,58],{"class":57},[47,132664,42772],{"class":53},[47,132666,914],{"class":77},[47,132668,35780],{"class":81},[47,132670,78],{"class":77},[47,132672,309],{"class":151},[47,132674,22011],{"class":155},[47,132676,309],{"class":151},[47,132678,85],{"class":77},[47,132680,132681,132683,132685,132687],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,132682,8000],{"class":98},[47,132684,78],{"class":77},[47,132686,64873],{"class":81},[47,132688,85],{"class":77},[47,132690,132691,132693,132695],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,132692,29769],{"class":3812},[47,132694,41860],{"class":73},[47,132696,6329],{"class":77},[47,132698,132699,132701,132703,132705,132708,132710],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,132700,8000],{"class":98},[47,132702,78],{"class":77},[47,132704,309],{"class":151},[47,132706,132707],{"class":155},"Substring not found",[47,132709,309],{"class":151},[47,132711,85],{"class":77},[20,132713,132714],{},"This helps your program continue running.",[20,132716,41880,132717,914],{},[360,132718,1652,132720],{"href":132719},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix",[15,132721,129073],{},[33,132723,132725,920,132727],{"id":132724},"index-vs-find",[15,132726,58895],{},[15,132728,124097],{},[20,132730,132731,4329,132733,132735],{},[15,132732,58895],{},[15,132734,124097],{}," are very similar, but they behave differently when no match is found.",[373,132737,132738],{"id":35780},[15,132739,58895],{},[185,132741,132742,132745],{},[188,132743,132744],{},"Returns the first match position",[188,132746,132747],{},"Raises an error if nothing is found",[38,132749,132751],{"className":40,"code":132750,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"e\"))  # 1\n# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,132752,132753,132765,132789],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,132754,132755,132757,132759,132761,132763],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,132756,68],{"class":53},[47,132758,58],{"class":57},[47,132760,303],{"class":151},[47,132762,3781],{"class":155},[47,132764,820],{"class":151},[47,132766,132767,132769,132771,132773,132775,132777,132779,132781,132783,132785,132787],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,132768,99],{"class":98},[47,132770,78],{"class":77},[47,132772,104],{"class":81},[47,132774,914],{"class":77},[47,132776,35780],{"class":81},[47,132778,78],{"class":77},[47,132780,309],{"class":151},[47,132782,60375],{"class":155},[47,132784,309],{"class":151},[47,132786,5294],{"class":77},[47,132788,27713],{"class":1378},[47,132790,132791],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,132792,132793],{"class":1378},"# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[373,132795,132796],{"id":128127},[15,132797,124097],{},[185,132799,132800,132802],{},[188,132801,132744],{},[188,132803,11358,132804,132806],{},[15,132805,65781],{}," if nothing is found",[38,132808,132810],{"className":40,"code":132809,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.find(\"e\"))  # 1\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))  # -1\n",[15,132811,132812,132824,132848],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,132813,132814,132816,132818,132820,132822],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,132815,68],{"class":53},[47,132817,58],{"class":57},[47,132819,303],{"class":151},[47,132821,3781],{"class":155},[47,132823,820],{"class":151},[47,132825,132826,132828,132830,132832,132834,132836,132838,132840,132842,132844,132846],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,132827,99],{"class":98},[47,132829,78],{"class":77},[47,132831,104],{"class":81},[47,132833,914],{"class":77},[47,132835,128127],{"class":81},[47,132837,78],{"class":77},[47,132839,309],{"class":151},[47,132841,60375],{"class":155},[47,132843,309],{"class":151},[47,132845,5294],{"class":77},[47,132847,27713],{"class":1378},[47,132849,132850,132852,132854,132856,132858,132860,132862,132864,132866,132868,132870],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,132851,99],{"class":98},[47,132853,78],{"class":77},[47,132855,104],{"class":81},[47,132857,914],{"class":77},[47,132859,128127],{"class":81},[47,132861,78],{"class":77},[47,132863,309],{"class":151},[47,132865,22011],{"class":155},[47,132867,309],{"class":151},[47,132869,5294],{"class":77},[47,132871,128483],{"class":1378},[20,132873,165,132874,132876],{},[15,132875,58895],{}," when missing data should be treated as a problem.",[20,132878,165,132879,132881],{},[15,132880,124097],{}," when you want to check safely without an exception.",[20,132883,132884,132885,1389,132890,914],{},"For a full comparison, see the ",[360,132886,132887,132889],{"href":129746},[15,132888,132618],{}," method reference",[360,132891,127138],{"href":132892},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python",[33,132894,2775],{"id":2774},[20,132896,132897,132898,2826],{},"Beginners often run into these problems when using ",[15,132899,58895],{},[185,132901,132902,132905,132912,132917,132922],{},[188,132903,132904],{},"Searching for text with the wrong uppercase or lowercase letters",[188,132906,1400,132907,8386,132909,132911],{},[15,132908,58895],{},[15,132910,65781],{}," when no match exists",[188,132913,1335,132914,132916],{},[15,132915,58895],{}," on a value that may not be present",[188,132918,132919,132920],{},"Confusing character position with human counting starting at ",[15,132921,665],{},[188,132923,4514,132924,132926],{},[15,132925,58895],{}," returns every match instead of the first one",[20,132928,62222],{},[38,132930,132932],{"className":40,"code":132931,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.index(\"value\"))\nprint(text.find(\"value\"))\nprint(text.index(\"value\", start, end))\n",[15,132933,132934,132944,132958,132980,133002],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,132935,132936,132938,132940,132942],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,132937,99],{"class":98},[47,132939,78],{"class":77},[47,132941,104],{"class":81},[47,132943,85],{"class":77},[47,132945,132946,132948,132950,132952,132954,132956],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,132947,99],{"class":98},[47,132949,78],{"class":77},[47,132951,41713],{"class":98},[47,132953,78],{"class":77},[47,132955,104],{"class":81},[47,132957,123],{"class":77},[47,132959,132960,132962,132964,132966,132968,132970,132972,132974,132976,132978],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,132961,99],{"class":98},[47,132963,78],{"class":77},[47,132965,104],{"class":81},[47,132967,914],{"class":77},[47,132969,35780],{"class":81},[47,132971,78],{"class":77},[47,132973,309],{"class":151},[47,132975,585],{"class":155},[47,132977,309],{"class":151},[47,132979,123],{"class":77},[47,132981,132982,132984,132986,132988,132990,132992,132994,132996,132998,133000],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,132983,99],{"class":98},[47,132985,78],{"class":77},[47,132987,104],{"class":81},[47,132989,914],{"class":77},[47,132991,128127],{"class":81},[47,132993,78],{"class":77},[47,132995,309],{"class":151},[47,132997,585],{"class":155},[47,132999,309],{"class":151},[47,133001,123],{"class":77},[47,133003,133004,133006,133008,133010,133012,133014,133016,133018,133020,133022,133024,133026,133028,133030],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,133005,99],{"class":98},[47,133007,78],{"class":77},[47,133009,104],{"class":81},[47,133011,914],{"class":77},[47,133013,35780],{"class":81},[47,133015,78],{"class":77},[47,133017,309],{"class":151},[47,133019,585],{"class":155},[47,133021,309],{"class":151},[47,133023,668],{"class":77},[47,133025,35985],{"class":81},[47,133027,668],{"class":77},[47,133029,64967],{"class":81},[47,133031,123],{"class":77},[20,133033,133034],{},"Tips:",[185,133036,133037,133042,133047,133050],{},[188,133038,165,133039,133041],{},[15,133040,126024],{}," to spot spaces or hidden characters",[188,133043,165,133044,133046],{},[15,133045,124097],{}," if you want to test first without raising an error",[188,133048,133049],{},"Double-check uppercase and lowercase letters",[188,133051,133052,133053],{},"Remember that Python starts counting at ",[15,133054,2077],{},[33,133056,1762],{"id":1761},[373,133058,129606,133060,12649],{"id":133059},"what-does-python-string-index-return",[15,133061,58895],{},[20,133063,133064],{},"It returns the zero-based position of the first match in the string.",[373,133066,133068],{"id":133067},"what-happens-if-the-substring-is-not-found","What happens if the substring is not found?",[20,133070,76782,133071,914],{},[15,133072,40637],{},[373,133074,5111,133076,4329,133078,1812],{"id":133075},"what-is-the-difference-between-index-and-find",[15,133077,58895],{},[15,133079,124097],{},[20,133081,133082,133084,133085,2346,133087,6565],{},[15,133083,58895],{}," raises an error if nothing is found. ",[15,133086,124097],{},[15,133088,65781],{},[373,133090,1786,133092,133094],{"id":133091},"can-index-search-for-more-than-one-character",[15,133093,58895],{}," search for more than one character?",[20,133096,133097],{},"Yes. It can search for a substring, not just a single character.",[373,133099,133101,133102,124438],{"id":133100},"is-string-index-case-sensitive","Is string ",[15,133103,58895],{},[20,133105,129631],{},[33,133107,1825],{"id":1824},[185,133109,133110,133116,133120,133125,133131],{},[188,133111,133112],{},[360,133113,133114,10673],{"href":129746},[15,133115,132618],{},[188,133117,133118],{},[360,133119,124501],{"href":132892},[188,133121,133122],{},[360,133123,129707],{"href":133124},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python",[188,133126,133127],{},[360,133128,133129,10673],{"href":124552},[15,133130,58517],{},[188,133132,133133],{},[360,133134,1871,133135],{"href":132719},[15,133136,129073],{},[1875,133138,133139],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":65,"depth":65,"links":133141},[133142,133143,133145,133146,133147,133148,133150,133155,133156,133167],{"id":35,"depth":65,"text":36},{"id":131778,"depth":65,"text":133144},"What str.index() does",{"id":244,"depth":65,"text":245},{"id":37954,"depth":65,"text":37955},{"id":65333,"depth":65,"text":66116},{"id":132540,"depth":65,"text":133149},"When index() causes an error",{"id":132724,"depth":65,"text":133151,"children":133152},"index() vs find()",[133153,133154],{"id":35780,"depth":88,"text":58895},{"id":128127,"depth":88,"text":124097},{"id":2774,"depth":65,"text":2775},{"id":1761,"depth":65,"text":1762,"children":133157},[133158,133160,133161,133163,133165],{"id":133059,"depth":88,"text":133159},"What does Python string index() return?",{"id":133067,"depth":88,"text":133068},{"id":133075,"depth":88,"text":133162},"What is the difference between index() and find()?",{"id":133091,"depth":88,"text":133164},"Can index() search for more than one character?",{"id":133100,"depth":88,"text":133166},"Is string index() case-sensitive?",{"id":1824,"depth":65,"text":1825},"Master python string index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method",{"title":131687,"description":133168},"reference\u002Fpython-string-index-method","R1ztM7XUbXLB6x68q72-dPTbtnrYXmbHumYw459ZPYA",{"id":133175,"title":133176,"body":133177,"description":135952,"extension":1922,"meta":135953,"navigation":91,"path":135954,"seo":135955,"stem":135956,"__hash__":135957},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method.md","Python String join() Method",{"type":7,"value":133178,"toc":135888},[133179,133185,133190,133193,133196,133207,133209,133278,133280,133294,133299,133304,133309,133311,133354,133356,133439,133441,133487,133493,133495,133497,133517,133519,133542,133544,133618,133620,133639,133644,133646,133650,133722,133724,133738,133742,133818,133820,133839,133843,133937,133939,133948,133955,134031,134033,134051,134055,134058,134065,134114,134116,134125,134132,134191,134193,134211,134214,134221,134280,134282,134300,134307,134364,134366,134375,134379,134384,134388,134447,134449,134467,134471,134518,134523,134526,134595,134597,134614,134621,134627,134682,134687,134690,134767,134769,134787,134793,134799,134859,134861,134880,134886,134889,134896,134949,134954,134956,135017,135026,135033,135035,135092,135097,135099,135170,135174,135229,135231,135240,135245,135251,135320,135322,135354,135360,135368,135375,135381,135446,135448,135457,135463,135544,135546,135555,135560,135574,135581,135585,135590,135618,135620,135753,135756,135793,135795,135801,135810,135815,135818,135823,135828,135834,135837,135846,135849,135851,135880,135885],[10,133180,123102,133182,11256],{"id":133181},"python-string-join-method",[15,133183,133184],{},"join()",[20,133186,123107,133187,133189],{},[15,133188,133184],{}," method combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,133191,133192],{},"It is useful when you have a list or tuple of text values and want to join them with a separator such as a space, comma, dash, or nothing at all.",[20,133194,133195],{},"A key rule to remember is this:",[185,133197,133198,133204],{},[188,133199,133200,133201,133203],{},"You call ",[15,133202,133184],{}," on the separator string",[188,133205,133206],{},"Every item you join must already be a string",[33,133208,3544],{"id":3543},[38,133210,133212],{"className":40,"code":133211,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\nprint(result)\n",[15,133213,133214,133247,133268],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,133215,133216,133218,133220,133222,133224,133226,133228,133230,133232,133234,133236,133238,133240,133243,133245],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,133217,4006],{"class":53},[47,133219,58],{"class":57},[47,133221,662],{"class":77},[47,133223,309],{"class":151},[47,133225,7229],{"class":155},[47,133227,309],{"class":151},[47,133229,668],{"class":77},[47,133231,303],{"class":151},[47,133233,353],{"class":155},[47,133235,309],{"class":151},[47,133237,668],{"class":77},[47,133239,303],{"class":151},[47,133241,133242],{"class":155},"fun",[47,133244,309],{"class":151},[47,133246,679],{"class":77},[47,133248,133249,133251,133253,133255,133257,133259,133262,133264,133266],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,133250,2184],{"class":53},[47,133252,58],{"class":57},[47,133254,303],{"class":151},[47,133256,303],{"class":151},[47,133258,914],{"class":77},[47,133260,133261],{"class":81},"join",[47,133263,78],{"class":77},[47,133265,4048],{"class":81},[47,133267,85],{"class":77},[47,133269,133270,133272,133274,133276],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,133271,99],{"class":98},[47,133273,78],{"class":77},[47,133275,2218],{"class":81},[47,133277,85],{"class":77},[20,133279,129],{},[38,133281,133283],{"className":40,"code":133282,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Python is fun\n",[15,133284,133285],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,133286,133287,133289,133291],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,133288,13],{"class":53},[47,133290,353],{"class":57},[47,133292,133293],{"class":53}," fun\n",[20,133295,165,133296,133298],{},[15,133297,133184],{}," on the separator string. Every item in the iterable must be a string.",[33,133300,172,133302,175],{"id":133301},"what-join-does",[15,133303,133184],{},[20,133305,133306,133308],{},[15,133307,133184],{}," combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,133310,1515],{},[185,133312,133313,133320,133348,133351],{},[188,133314,133315,133316,133319],{},"It uses the string before ",[15,133317,133318],{},".join()"," as the separator",[188,133321,133322,133323],{},"Common separators are:\n",[185,133324,133325,133331,133337,133343],{},[188,133326,133327,133330],{},[15,133328,133329],{},"\" \""," for spaces",[188,133332,133333,133336],{},[15,133334,133335],{},"\", \""," for commas",[188,133338,133339,133342],{},[15,133340,133341],{},"\"-\""," for dashes",[188,133344,133345,133347],{},[15,133346,6207],{}," for no separator",[188,133349,133350],{},"It returns a new string",[188,133352,133353],{},"It does not change the original list or tuple",[20,133355,800],{},[38,133357,133359],{"className":40,"code":133358,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nresult = \", \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(words)\n",[15,133360,133361,133393,133415,133419,133429],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,133362,133363,133365,133367,133369,133371,133373,133375,133377,133379,133381,133383,133385,133387,133389,133391],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,133364,4006],{"class":53},[47,133366,58],{"class":57},[47,133368,662],{"class":77},[47,133370,309],{"class":151},[47,133372,13027],{"class":155},[47,133374,309],{"class":151},[47,133376,668],{"class":77},[47,133378,303],{"class":151},[47,133380,17390],{"class":155},[47,133382,309],{"class":151},[47,133384,668],{"class":77},[47,133386,303],{"class":151},[47,133388,13044],{"class":155},[47,133390,309],{"class":151},[47,133392,679],{"class":77},[47,133394,133395,133397,133399,133401,133403,133405,133407,133409,133411,133413],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,133396,2184],{"class":53},[47,133398,58],{"class":57},[47,133400,303],{"class":151},[47,133402,1752],{"class":155},[47,133404,309],{"class":151},[47,133406,914],{"class":77},[47,133408,133261],{"class":81},[47,133410,78],{"class":77},[47,133412,4048],{"class":81},[47,133414,85],{"class":77},[47,133416,133417],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,133418,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,133420,133421,133423,133425,133427],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,133422,99],{"class":98},[47,133424,78],{"class":77},[47,133426,2218],{"class":81},[47,133428,85],{"class":77},[47,133430,133431,133433,133435,133437],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,133432,99],{"class":98},[47,133434,78],{"class":77},[47,133436,4048],{"class":81},[47,133438,85],{"class":77},[20,133440,129],{},[38,133442,133444],{"className":40,"code":133443,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"red, green, blue\n['red', 'green', 'blue']\n",[15,133445,133446,133459],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,133447,133448,133450,133452,133455,133457],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,133449,13027],{"class":53},[47,133451,668],{"class":77},[47,133453,133454],{"class":53}," green",[47,133456,668],{"class":77},[47,133458,35815],{"class":53},[47,133460,133461,133463,133465,133467,133469,133471,133473,133475,133477,133479,133481,133483,133485],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,133462,736],{"class":77},[47,133464,159],{"class":151},[47,133466,13027],{"class":155},[47,133468,159],{"class":151},[47,133470,668],{"class":77},[47,133472,152],{"class":151},[47,133474,17390],{"class":155},[47,133476,159],{"class":151},[47,133478,668],{"class":77},[47,133480,152],{"class":151},[47,133482,13044],{"class":155},[47,133484,159],{"class":151},[47,133486,679],{"class":77},[20,133488,133489,133490,133492],{},"The list stays the same. ",[15,133491,133184],{}," creates a new string.",[33,133494,245],{"id":244},[20,133496,248],{},[38,133498,133500],{"className":40,"code":133499,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"separator.join(iterable)\n",[15,133501,133502],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,133503,133504,133507,133509,133511,133513,133515],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,133505,133506],{"class":53},"separator",[47,133508,914],{"class":77},[47,133510,133261],{"class":81},[47,133512,78],{"class":77},[47,133514,3655],{"class":81},[47,133516,85],{"class":77},[373,133518,48935],{"id":48934},[185,133520,133521,133534,133539],{},[188,133522,133523,133525,133526,1752,133528,1752,133530,2148,133532],{},[15,133524,133506],{}," is a string such as ",[15,133527,133329],{},[15,133529,133335],{},[15,133531,133341],{},[15,133533,6207],{},[188,133535,133536,133538],{},[15,133537,3655],{}," is usually a list or tuple of strings",[188,133540,133541],{},"All items in the iterable must be strings",[20,133543,800],{},[38,133545,133547],{"className":40,"code":133546,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nresult = \" | \".join(names)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133548,133549,133581,133604,133608],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,133550,133551,133553,133555,133557,133559,133561,133563,133565,133567,133569,133571,133573,133575,133577,133579],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,133552,4929],{"class":53},[47,133554,58],{"class":57},[47,133556,662],{"class":77},[47,133558,309],{"class":151},[47,133560,12814],{"class":155},[47,133562,309],{"class":151},[47,133564,668],{"class":77},[47,133566,303],{"class":151},[47,133568,35875],{"class":155},[47,133570,309],{"class":151},[47,133572,668],{"class":77},[47,133574,303],{"class":151},[47,133576,35884],{"class":155},[47,133578,309],{"class":151},[47,133580,679],{"class":77},[47,133582,133583,133585,133587,133589,133592,133594,133596,133598,133600,133602],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,133584,2184],{"class":53},[47,133586,58],{"class":57},[47,133588,303],{"class":151},[47,133590,133591],{"class":155}," | ",[47,133593,309],{"class":151},[47,133595,914],{"class":77},[47,133597,133261],{"class":81},[47,133599,78],{"class":77},[47,133601,4973],{"class":81},[47,133603,85],{"class":77},[47,133605,133606],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,133607,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,133609,133610,133612,133614,133616],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,133611,99],{"class":98},[47,133613,78],{"class":77},[47,133615,2218],{"class":81},[47,133617,85],{"class":77},[20,133619,129],{},[38,133621,133623],{"className":40,"code":133622,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Ana | Ben | Cara\n",[15,133624,133625],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,133626,133627,133630,133632,133635,133637],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,133628,133629],{"class":53},"Ana ",[47,133631,113775],{"class":57},[47,133633,133634],{"class":53}," Ben ",[47,133636,113775],{"class":57},[47,133638,35955],{"class":53},[20,133640,133641,133642,914],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with strings, see ",[360,133643,124857],{"href":50901},[33,133645,371],{"id":370},[373,133647,133649],{"id":133648},"join-words-with-a-space","Join words with a space",[38,133651,133653],{"className":40,"code":133652,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133654,133655,133688,133708,133712],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,133656,133657,133659,133661,133663,133665,133667,133669,133671,133673,133675,133677,133679,133681,133684,133686],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,133658,4006],{"class":53},[47,133660,58],{"class":57},[47,133662,662],{"class":77},[47,133664,309],{"class":151},[47,133666,7229],{"class":155},[47,133668,309],{"class":151},[47,133670,668],{"class":77},[47,133672,303],{"class":151},[47,133674,353],{"class":155},[47,133676,309],{"class":151},[47,133678,668],{"class":77},[47,133680,303],{"class":151},[47,133682,133683],{"class":155},"easy",[47,133685,309],{"class":151},[47,133687,679],{"class":77},[47,133689,133690,133692,133694,133696,133698,133700,133702,133704,133706],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,133691,2184],{"class":53},[47,133693,58],{"class":57},[47,133695,303],{"class":151},[47,133697,303],{"class":151},[47,133699,914],{"class":77},[47,133701,133261],{"class":81},[47,133703,78],{"class":77},[47,133705,4048],{"class":81},[47,133707,85],{"class":77},[47,133709,133710],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,133711,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,133713,133714,133716,133718,133720],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,133715,99],{"class":98},[47,133717,78],{"class":77},[47,133719,2218],{"class":81},[47,133721,85],{"class":77},[20,133723,129],{},[38,133725,133727],{"className":40,"code":133726,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Python is easy\n",[15,133728,133729],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,133730,133731,133733,133735],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,133732,13],{"class":53},[47,133734,353],{"class":57},[47,133736,133737],{"class":53}," easy\n",[373,133739,133741],{"id":133740},"join-values-with-a-comma","Join values with a comma",[38,133743,133745],{"className":40,"code":133744,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"apples\", \"bananas\", \"oranges\"]\nresult = \", \".join(items)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133746,133747,133782,133804,133808],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,133748,133749,133751,133753,133755,133757,133760,133762,133764,133766,133769,133771,133773,133775,133778,133780],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,133750,657],{"class":53},[47,133752,58],{"class":57},[47,133754,662],{"class":77},[47,133756,309],{"class":151},[47,133758,133759],{"class":155},"apples",[47,133761,309],{"class":151},[47,133763,668],{"class":77},[47,133765,303],{"class":151},[47,133767,133768],{"class":155},"bananas",[47,133770,309],{"class":151},[47,133772,668],{"class":77},[47,133774,303],{"class":151},[47,133776,133777],{"class":155},"oranges",[47,133779,309],{"class":151},[47,133781,679],{"class":77},[47,133783,133784,133786,133788,133790,133792,133794,133796,133798,133800,133802],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,133785,2184],{"class":53},[47,133787,58],{"class":57},[47,133789,303],{"class":151},[47,133791,1752],{"class":155},[47,133793,309],{"class":151},[47,133795,914],{"class":77},[47,133797,133261],{"class":81},[47,133799,78],{"class":77},[47,133801,692],{"class":81},[47,133803,85],{"class":77},[47,133805,133806],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,133807,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,133809,133810,133812,133814,133816],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,133811,99],{"class":98},[47,133813,78],{"class":77},[47,133815,2218],{"class":81},[47,133817,85],{"class":77},[20,133819,129],{},[38,133821,133823],{"className":40,"code":133822,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"apples, bananas, oranges\n",[15,133824,133825],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,133826,133827,133829,133831,133834,133836],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,133828,133759],{"class":53},[47,133830,668],{"class":77},[47,133832,133833],{"class":53}," bananas",[47,133835,668],{"class":77},[47,133837,133838],{"class":53}," oranges\n",[373,133840,133842],{"id":133841},"join-characters-with-an-empty-string","Join characters with an empty string",[38,133844,133846],{"className":40,"code":133845,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nresult = \"\".join(letters)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133847,133848,133905,133923,133927],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,133849,133850,133852,133854,133856,133858,133861,133863,133865,133867,133869,133871,133873,133875,133877,133879,133881,133883,133885,133887,133889,133891,133893,133895,133897,133899,133901,133903],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,133851,36024],{"class":53},[47,133853,58],{"class":57},[47,133855,662],{"class":77},[47,133857,309],{"class":151},[47,133859,133860],{"class":155},"P",[47,133862,309],{"class":151},[47,133864,668],{"class":77},[47,133866,303],{"class":151},[47,133868,11679],{"class":155},[47,133870,309],{"class":151},[47,133872,668],{"class":77},[47,133874,303],{"class":151},[47,133876,63214],{"class":155},[47,133878,309],{"class":151},[47,133880,668],{"class":77},[47,133882,303],{"class":151},[47,133884,60366],{"class":155},[47,133886,309],{"class":151},[47,133888,668],{"class":77},[47,133890,303],{"class":151},[47,133892,60401],{"class":155},[47,133894,309],{"class":151},[47,133896,668],{"class":77},[47,133898,303],{"class":151},[47,133900,75954],{"class":155},[47,133902,309],{"class":151},[47,133904,679],{"class":77},[47,133906,133907,133909,133911,133913,133915,133917,133919,133921],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,133908,2184],{"class":53},[47,133910,58],{"class":57},[47,133912,6061],{"class":151},[47,133914,914],{"class":77},[47,133916,133261],{"class":81},[47,133918,78],{"class":77},[47,133920,36077],{"class":81},[47,133922,85],{"class":77},[47,133924,133925],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,133926,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,133928,133929,133931,133933,133935],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,133930,99],{"class":98},[47,133932,78],{"class":77},[47,133934,2218],{"class":81},[47,133936,85],{"class":77},[20,133938,129],{},[38,133940,133942],{"className":40,"code":133941,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Python\n",[15,133943,133944],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,133945,133946],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,133947,133941],{"class":53},[373,133949,133951,133952,133954],{"id":133950},"show-that-join-returns-the-result","Show that ",[15,133953,133184],{}," returns the result",[38,133956,133958],{"className":40,"code":133957,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\njoined_text = \"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(joined_text)\n",[15,133959,133960,133993,134016,134020],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,133961,133962,133964,133966,133968,133970,133972,133974,133976,133978,133980,133982,133984,133986,133989,133991],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,133963,4006],{"class":53},[47,133965,58],{"class":57},[47,133967,662],{"class":77},[47,133969,309],{"class":151},[47,133971,6519],{"class":155},[47,133973,309],{"class":151},[47,133975,668],{"class":77},[47,133977,303],{"class":151},[47,133979,79195],{"class":155},[47,133981,309],{"class":151},[47,133983,668],{"class":77},[47,133985,303],{"class":151},[47,133987,133988],{"class":155},"three",[47,133990,309],{"class":151},[47,133992,679],{"class":77},[47,133994,133995,133998,134000,134002,134004,134006,134008,134010,134012,134014],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,133996,133997],{"class":53},"joined_text ",[47,133999,58],{"class":57},[47,134001,303],{"class":151},[47,134003,1981],{"class":155},[47,134005,309],{"class":151},[47,134007,914],{"class":77},[47,134009,133261],{"class":81},[47,134011,78],{"class":77},[47,134013,4048],{"class":81},[47,134015,85],{"class":77},[47,134017,134018],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,134019,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,134021,134022,134024,134026,134029],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,134023,99],{"class":98},[47,134025,78],{"class":77},[47,134027,134028],{"class":81},"joined_text",[47,134030,85],{"class":77},[20,134032,129],{},[38,134034,134036],{"className":40,"code":134035,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"one-two-three\n",[15,134037,134038],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134039,134040,134042,134044,134046,134048],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134041,6519],{"class":53},[47,134043,1981],{"class":57},[47,134045,79195],{"class":53},[47,134047,1981],{"class":57},[47,134049,134050],{"class":53},"three\n",[33,134052,134054],{"id":134053},"using-different-separators","Using different separators",[20,134056,134057],{},"The separator controls what appears between each item.",[373,134059,134061,134064],{"id":134060},"join-adds-spaces",[15,134062,134063],{},"\" \".join(...)"," adds spaces",[38,134066,134068],{"className":40,"code":134067,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\" \".join(words))\n",[15,134069,134070,134094],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134071,134072,134074,134076,134078,134080,134082,134084,134086,134088,134090,134092],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134073,4006],{"class":53},[47,134075,58],{"class":57},[47,134077,662],{"class":77},[47,134079,309],{"class":151},[47,134081,3781],{"class":155},[47,134083,309],{"class":151},[47,134085,668],{"class":77},[47,134087,303],{"class":151},[47,134089,60519],{"class":155},[47,134091,309],{"class":151},[47,134093,679],{"class":77},[47,134095,134096,134098,134100,134102,134104,134106,134108,134110,134112],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,134097,99],{"class":98},[47,134099,78],{"class":77},[47,134101,309],{"class":151},[47,134103,303],{"class":151},[47,134105,914],{"class":77},[47,134107,133261],{"class":81},[47,134109,78],{"class":77},[47,134111,4048],{"class":81},[47,134113,123],{"class":77},[20,134115,129],{},[38,134117,134119],{"className":40,"code":134118,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"hello world\n",[15,134120,134121],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134122,134123],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134124,134118],{"class":53},[373,134126,134128,134131],{"id":134127},"join-creates-comma-separated-text",[15,134129,134130],{},"\", \".join(...)"," creates comma-separated text",[38,134133,134135],{"className":40,"code":134134,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\", \".join(colors))\n",[15,134136,134137,134169],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134138,134139,134141,134143,134145,134147,134149,134151,134153,134155,134157,134159,134161,134163,134165,134167],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134140,13010],{"class":53},[47,134142,58],{"class":57},[47,134144,662],{"class":77},[47,134146,309],{"class":151},[47,134148,13027],{"class":155},[47,134150,309],{"class":151},[47,134152,668],{"class":77},[47,134154,303],{"class":151},[47,134156,13044],{"class":155},[47,134158,309],{"class":151},[47,134160,668],{"class":77},[47,134162,303],{"class":151},[47,134164,17390],{"class":155},[47,134166,309],{"class":151},[47,134168,679],{"class":77},[47,134170,134171,134173,134175,134177,134179,134181,134183,134185,134187,134189],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,134172,99],{"class":98},[47,134174,78],{"class":77},[47,134176,309],{"class":151},[47,134178,1752],{"class":155},[47,134180,309],{"class":151},[47,134182,914],{"class":77},[47,134184,133261],{"class":81},[47,134186,78],{"class":77},[47,134188,17437],{"class":81},[47,134190,123],{"class":77},[20,134192,129],{},[38,134194,134196],{"className":40,"code":134195,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"red, blue, green\n",[15,134197,134198],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134199,134200,134202,134204,134207,134209],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134201,13027],{"class":53},[47,134203,668],{"class":77},[47,134205,134206],{"class":53}," blue",[47,134208,668],{"class":77},[47,134210,35808],{"class":53},[20,134212,134213],{},"This is useful when building simple CSV-style text.",[373,134215,134217,134220],{"id":134216},"join-is-useful-for-slugs-or-ids",[15,134218,134219],{},"\"-\".join(...)"," is useful for slugs or IDs",[38,134222,134224],{"className":40,"code":134223,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"parts = [\"python\", \"string\", \"join\"]\nprint(\"-\".join(parts))\n",[15,134225,134226,134258],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134227,134228,134230,134232,134234,134236,134238,134240,134242,134244,134246,134248,134250,134252,134254,134256],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134229,42767],{"class":53},[47,134231,58],{"class":57},[47,134233,662],{"class":77},[47,134235,309],{"class":151},[47,134237,42],{"class":155},[47,134239,309],{"class":151},[47,134241,668],{"class":77},[47,134243,303],{"class":151},[47,134245,61102],{"class":155},[47,134247,309],{"class":151},[47,134249,668],{"class":77},[47,134251,303],{"class":151},[47,134253,133261],{"class":155},[47,134255,309],{"class":151},[47,134257,679],{"class":77},[47,134259,134260,134262,134264,134266,134268,134270,134272,134274,134276,134278],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,134261,99],{"class":98},[47,134263,78],{"class":77},[47,134265,309],{"class":151},[47,134267,1981],{"class":155},[47,134269,309],{"class":151},[47,134271,914],{"class":77},[47,134273,133261],{"class":81},[47,134275,78],{"class":77},[47,134277,42799],{"class":81},[47,134279,123],{"class":77},[20,134281,129],{},[38,134283,134285],{"className":40,"code":134284,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"python-string-join\n",[15,134286,134287],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134288,134289,134291,134293,134295,134297],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134290,42],{"class":53},[47,134292,1981],{"class":57},[47,134294,61102],{"class":53},[47,134296,1981],{"class":57},[47,134298,134299],{"class":53},"join\n",[373,134301,134303,134306],{"id":134302},"join-joins-with-no-separator",[15,134304,134305],{},"\"\".join(...)"," joins with no separator",[38,134308,134310],{"className":40,"code":134309,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"chars = [\"A\", \"B\", \"C\"]\nprint(\"\".join(chars))\n",[15,134311,134312,134345],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134313,134314,134316,134318,134320,134322,134324,134326,134328,134330,134332,134334,134336,134338,134341,134343],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134315,112849],{"class":53},[47,134317,58],{"class":57},[47,134319,662],{"class":77},[47,134321,309],{"class":151},[47,134323,22179],{"class":155},[47,134325,309],{"class":151},[47,134327,668],{"class":77},[47,134329,303],{"class":151},[47,134331,30534],{"class":155},[47,134333,309],{"class":151},[47,134335,668],{"class":77},[47,134337,303],{"class":151},[47,134339,134340],{"class":155},"C",[47,134342,309],{"class":151},[47,134344,679],{"class":77},[47,134346,134347,134349,134351,134353,134355,134357,134359,134362],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,134348,99],{"class":98},[47,134350,78],{"class":77},[47,134352,6207],{"class":151},[47,134354,914],{"class":77},[47,134356,133261],{"class":81},[47,134358,78],{"class":77},[47,134360,134361],{"class":81},"chars",[47,134363,123],{"class":77},[20,134365,129],{},[38,134367,134369],{"className":40,"code":134368,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"ABC\n",[15,134370,134371],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134372,134373],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134374,134368],{"class":34387},[33,134376,134378],{"id":134377},"what-types-of-values-work","What types of values work",[20,134380,134381,134383],{},[15,134382,133184],{}," works when every item is already a string.",[373,134385,134387],{"id":134386},"this-works","This works",[38,134389,134391],{"className":40,"code":134390,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [\"10\", \"20\", \"30\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134392,134393,134425],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134394,134395,134397,134399,134401,134403,134405,134407,134409,134411,134413,134415,134417,134419,134421,134423],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134396,3758],{"class":53},[47,134398,58],{"class":57},[47,134400,662],{"class":77},[47,134402,309],{"class":151},[47,134404,193],{"class":155},[47,134406,309],{"class":151},[47,134408,668],{"class":77},[47,134410,303],{"class":151},[47,134412,15689],{"class":155},[47,134414,309],{"class":151},[47,134416,668],{"class":77},[47,134418,303],{"class":151},[47,134420,36775],{"class":155},[47,134422,309],{"class":151},[47,134424,679],{"class":77},[47,134426,134427,134429,134431,134433,134435,134437,134439,134441,134443,134445],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,134428,99],{"class":98},[47,134430,78],{"class":77},[47,134432,309],{"class":151},[47,134434,1752],{"class":155},[47,134436,309],{"class":151},[47,134438,914],{"class":77},[47,134440,133261],{"class":81},[47,134442,78],{"class":77},[47,134444,5291],{"class":81},[47,134446,123],{"class":77},[20,134448,129],{},[38,134450,134452],{"className":40,"code":134451,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"10, 20, 30\n",[15,134453,134454],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134455,134456,134458,134460,134462,134464],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134457,193],{"class":61},[47,134459,668],{"class":77},[47,134461,7722],{"class":61},[47,134463,668],{"class":77},[47,134465,134466],{"class":61}," 30\n",[373,134468,134470],{"id":134469},"numbers-do-not-work-directly","Numbers do not work directly",[38,134472,134474],{"className":40,"code":134473,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134475,134476,134496],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134477,134478,134480,134482,134484,134486,134488,134490,134492,134494],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134479,3758],{"class":53},[47,134481,58],{"class":57},[47,134483,662],{"class":77},[47,134485,665],{"class":61},[47,134487,668],{"class":77},[47,134489,671],{"class":61},[47,134491,668],{"class":77},[47,134493,676],{"class":61},[47,134495,679],{"class":77},[47,134497,134498,134500,134502,134504,134506,134508,134510,134512,134514,134516],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,134499,99],{"class":98},[47,134501,78],{"class":77},[47,134503,309],{"class":151},[47,134505,1752],{"class":155},[47,134507,309],{"class":151},[47,134509,914],{"class":77},[47,134511,133261],{"class":81},[47,134513,78],{"class":77},[47,134515,5291],{"class":81},[47,134517,123],{"class":77},[20,134519,90230,134520,134522],{},[15,134521,2947],{}," because the list contains integers, not strings.",[20,134524,134525],{},"To fix it, convert the values first:",[38,134527,134529],{"className":40,"code":134528,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134530,134531,134551,134581,134585],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134532,134533,134535,134537,134539,134541,134543,134545,134547,134549],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134534,3758],{"class":53},[47,134536,58],{"class":57},[47,134538,662],{"class":77},[47,134540,665],{"class":61},[47,134542,668],{"class":77},[47,134544,671],{"class":61},[47,134546,668],{"class":77},[47,134548,676],{"class":61},[47,134550,679],{"class":77},[47,134552,134553,134555,134557,134559,134561,134563,134565,134567,134569,134571,134573,134575,134577,134579],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,134554,2184],{"class":53},[47,134556,58],{"class":57},[47,134558,303],{"class":151},[47,134560,1752],{"class":155},[47,134562,309],{"class":151},[47,134564,914],{"class":77},[47,134566,133261],{"class":81},[47,134568,78],{"class":77},[47,134570,39795],{"class":98},[47,134572,78],{"class":77},[47,134574,156],{"class":73},[47,134576,668],{"class":77},[47,134578,3822],{"class":81},[47,134580,123],{"class":77},[47,134582,134583],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,134584,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,134586,134587,134589,134591,134593],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,134588,99],{"class":98},[47,134590,78],{"class":77},[47,134592,2218],{"class":81},[47,134594,85],{"class":77},[20,134596,129],{},[38,134598,134600],{"className":40,"code":134599,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"1, 2, 3\n",[15,134601,134602],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134603,134604,134606,134608,134610,134612],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134605,665],{"class":61},[47,134607,668],{"class":77},[47,134609,671],{"class":61},[47,134611,668],{"class":77},[47,134613,2524],{"class":61},[20,134615,134616,134617,914],{},"If you need a clearer explanation of string conversion, see ",[360,134618,13,134619,1834],{"href":42107},[15,134620,17],{},[373,134622,134624,134626],{"id":134623},"none-values-do-not-work-directly",[15,134625,3713],{}," values do not work directly",[38,134628,134630],{"className":40,"code":134629,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134631,134632,134660],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134633,134634,134636,134638,134640,134642,134644,134646,134648,134650,134652,134654,134656,134658],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134635,3758],{"class":53},[47,134637,58],{"class":57},[47,134639,662],{"class":77},[47,134641,309],{"class":151},[47,134643,1425],{"class":155},[47,134645,309],{"class":151},[47,134647,668],{"class":77},[47,134649,3788],{"class":571},[47,134651,668],{"class":77},[47,134653,303],{"class":151},[47,134655,1434],{"class":155},[47,134657,309],{"class":151},[47,134659,679],{"class":77},[47,134661,134662,134664,134666,134668,134670,134672,134674,134676,134678,134680],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,134663,99],{"class":98},[47,134665,78],{"class":77},[47,134667,309],{"class":151},[47,134669,1752],{"class":155},[47,134671,309],{"class":151},[47,134673,914],{"class":77},[47,134675,133261],{"class":81},[47,134677,78],{"class":77},[47,134679,5291],{"class":81},[47,134681,123],{"class":77},[20,134683,134684,134685,914],{},"This also causes a ",[15,134686,2947],{},[20,134688,134689],{},"One fix is to convert values to strings:",[38,134691,134693],{"className":40,"code":134692,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134694,134695,134723,134753,134757],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134696,134697,134699,134701,134703,134705,134707,134709,134711,134713,134715,134717,134719,134721],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134698,3758],{"class":53},[47,134700,58],{"class":57},[47,134702,662],{"class":77},[47,134704,309],{"class":151},[47,134706,1425],{"class":155},[47,134708,309],{"class":151},[47,134710,668],{"class":77},[47,134712,3788],{"class":571},[47,134714,668],{"class":77},[47,134716,303],{"class":151},[47,134718,1434],{"class":155},[47,134720,309],{"class":151},[47,134722,679],{"class":77},[47,134724,134725,134727,134729,134731,134733,134735,134737,134739,134741,134743,134745,134747,134749,134751],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,134726,2184],{"class":53},[47,134728,58],{"class":57},[47,134730,303],{"class":151},[47,134732,1752],{"class":155},[47,134734,309],{"class":151},[47,134736,914],{"class":77},[47,134738,133261],{"class":81},[47,134740,78],{"class":77},[47,134742,39795],{"class":98},[47,134744,78],{"class":77},[47,134746,156],{"class":73},[47,134748,668],{"class":77},[47,134750,3822],{"class":81},[47,134752,123],{"class":77},[47,134754,134755],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,134756,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,134758,134759,134761,134763,134765],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,134760,99],{"class":98},[47,134762,78],{"class":77},[47,134764,2218],{"class":81},[47,134766,85],{"class":77},[20,134768,129],{},[38,134770,134772],{"className":40,"code":134771,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"apple, None, banana\n",[15,134773,134774],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134775,134776,134778,134780,134782,134784],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134777,1425],{"class":53},[47,134779,668],{"class":77},[47,134781,3788],{"class":571},[47,134783,668],{"class":77},[47,134785,134786],{"class":53}," banana\n",[20,134788,134789,134790,134792],{},"Be careful with this approach. Sometimes you may want to remove ",[15,134791,3713],{}," values instead of converting them.",[373,134794,134796,134798],{"id":134795},"join-also-works-with-tuples",[15,134797,133184],{}," also works with tuples",[38,134800,134802],{"className":40,"code":134801,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = (\"Sam\", \"Lee\", \"Mia\")\nprint(\" \u002F \".join(names))\n",[15,134803,134804,134836],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134805,134806,134808,134810,134812,134814,134816,134818,134820,134822,134824,134826,134828,134830,134832,134834],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134807,4929],{"class":53},[47,134809,58],{"class":57},[47,134811,9169],{"class":77},[47,134813,309],{"class":151},[47,134815,7610],{"class":155},[47,134817,309],{"class":151},[47,134819,668],{"class":77},[47,134821,303],{"class":151},[47,134823,131190],{"class":155},[47,134825,309],{"class":151},[47,134827,668],{"class":77},[47,134829,303],{"class":151},[47,134831,7852],{"class":155},[47,134833,309],{"class":151},[47,134835,85],{"class":77},[47,134837,134838,134840,134842,134844,134847,134849,134851,134853,134855,134857],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,134839,99],{"class":98},[47,134841,78],{"class":77},[47,134843,309],{"class":151},[47,134845,134846],{"class":155}," \u002F ",[47,134848,309],{"class":151},[47,134850,914],{"class":77},[47,134852,133261],{"class":81},[47,134854,78],{"class":77},[47,134856,4973],{"class":81},[47,134858,123],{"class":77},[20,134860,129],{},[38,134862,134864],{"className":40,"code":134863,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Sam \u002F Lee \u002F Mia\n",[15,134865,134866],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134867,134868,134871,134873,134876,134878],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134869,134870],{"class":53},"Sam ",[47,134872,126994],{"class":57},[47,134874,134875],{"class":53}," Lee ",[47,134877,126994],{"class":57},[47,134879,22268],{"class":53},[33,134881,134883,134884],{"id":134882},"common-errors-with-join","Common errors with ",[15,134885,133184],{},[20,134887,134888],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes.",[373,134890,134892,134893,134895],{"id":134891},"_1-typeerror-because-not-all-items-are-strings","1. ",[15,134894,2947],{}," because not all items are strings",[38,134897,134899],{"className":40,"code":134898,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(items))\n",[15,134900,134901,134929],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134902,134903,134905,134907,134909,134911,134913,134915,134917,134919,134921,134923,134925,134927],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134904,657],{"class":53},[47,134906,58],{"class":57},[47,134908,662],{"class":77},[47,134910,309],{"class":151},[47,134912,360],{"class":155},[47,134914,309],{"class":151},[47,134916,668],{"class":77},[47,134918,671],{"class":61},[47,134920,668],{"class":77},[47,134922,303],{"class":151},[47,134924,9671],{"class":155},[47,134926,309],{"class":151},[47,134928,679],{"class":77},[47,134930,134931,134933,134935,134937,134939,134941,134943,134945,134947],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,134932,99],{"class":98},[47,134934,78],{"class":77},[47,134936,309],{"class":151},[47,134938,303],{"class":151},[47,134940,914],{"class":77},[47,134942,133261],{"class":81},[47,134944,78],{"class":77},[47,134946,692],{"class":81},[47,134948,123],{"class":77},[20,134950,48436,134951,134953],{},[15,134952,2016],{}," is an integer.",[20,134955,39197],{},[38,134957,134959],{"className":40,"code":134958,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(map(str, items)))\n",[15,134960,134961,134989],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134962,134963,134965,134967,134969,134971,134973,134975,134977,134979,134981,134983,134985,134987],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134964,657],{"class":53},[47,134966,58],{"class":57},[47,134968,662],{"class":77},[47,134970,309],{"class":151},[47,134972,360],{"class":155},[47,134974,309],{"class":151},[47,134976,668],{"class":77},[47,134978,671],{"class":61},[47,134980,668],{"class":77},[47,134982,303],{"class":151},[47,134984,9671],{"class":155},[47,134986,309],{"class":151},[47,134988,679],{"class":77},[47,134990,134991,134993,134995,134997,134999,135001,135003,135005,135007,135009,135011,135013,135015],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,134992,99],{"class":98},[47,134994,78],{"class":77},[47,134996,309],{"class":151},[47,134998,303],{"class":151},[47,135000,914],{"class":77},[47,135002,133261],{"class":81},[47,135004,78],{"class":77},[47,135006,39795],{"class":98},[47,135008,78],{"class":77},[47,135010,156],{"class":73},[47,135012,668],{"class":77},[47,135014,5900],{"class":81},[47,135016,2854],{"class":77},[20,135018,135019,135020,914],{},"If you see an error like this, read ",[360,135021,1652,135023],{"href":135022},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-sequence-item-0-expected-str-instance-fix\u002F",[15,135024,135025],{},"TypeError: sequence item 0: expected str instance",[373,135027,135029,135030,135032],{"id":135028},"_2-calling-join-on-a-list-instead-of-a-string","2. Calling ",[15,135031,133184],{}," on a list instead of a string",[20,135034,4460],{},[38,135036,135038],{"className":40,"code":135037,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = words.join(\" \")\n",[15,135039,135040,135072],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,135041,135042,135044,135046,135048,135050,135052,135054,135056,135058,135060,135062,135064,135066,135068,135070],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,135043,4006],{"class":53},[47,135045,58],{"class":57},[47,135047,662],{"class":77},[47,135049,309],{"class":151},[47,135051,7229],{"class":155},[47,135053,309],{"class":151},[47,135055,668],{"class":77},[47,135057,303],{"class":151},[47,135059,353],{"class":155},[47,135061,309],{"class":151},[47,135063,668],{"class":77},[47,135065,303],{"class":151},[47,135067,133242],{"class":155},[47,135069,309],{"class":151},[47,135071,679],{"class":77},[47,135073,135074,135076,135078,135080,135082,135084,135086,135088,135090],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,135075,2184],{"class":53},[47,135077,58],{"class":57},[47,135079,6103],{"class":53},[47,135081,914],{"class":77},[47,135083,133261],{"class":81},[47,135085,78],{"class":77},[47,135087,309],{"class":151},[47,135089,303],{"class":151},[47,135091,85],{"class":77},[20,135093,135094,135096],{},[15,135095,133184],{}," is a string method, not a list method.",[20,135098,10740],{},[38,135100,135102],{"className":40,"code":135101,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135103,135104,135136,135156,135160],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,135105,135106,135108,135110,135112,135114,135116,135118,135120,135122,135124,135126,135128,135130,135132,135134],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,135107,4006],{"class":53},[47,135109,58],{"class":57},[47,135111,662],{"class":77},[47,135113,309],{"class":151},[47,135115,7229],{"class":155},[47,135117,309],{"class":151},[47,135119,668],{"class":77},[47,135121,303],{"class":151},[47,135123,353],{"class":155},[47,135125,309],{"class":151},[47,135127,668],{"class":77},[47,135129,303],{"class":151},[47,135131,133242],{"class":155},[47,135133,309],{"class":151},[47,135135,679],{"class":77},[47,135137,135138,135140,135142,135144,135146,135148,135150,135152,135154],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,135139,2184],{"class":53},[47,135141,58],{"class":57},[47,135143,303],{"class":151},[47,135145,303],{"class":151},[47,135147,914],{"class":77},[47,135149,133261],{"class":81},[47,135151,78],{"class":77},[47,135153,4048],{"class":81},[47,135155,85],{"class":77},[47,135157,135158],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,135159,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,135161,135162,135164,135166,135168],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,135163,99],{"class":98},[47,135165,78],{"class":77},[47,135167,2218],{"class":81},[47,135169,85],{"class":77},[373,135171,135173],{"id":135172},"_3-using-the-wrong-separator","3. Using the wrong separator",[38,135175,135177],{"className":40,"code":135176,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,135178,135179,135211],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,135180,135181,135183,135185,135187,135189,135191,135193,135195,135197,135199,135201,135203,135205,135207,135209],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,135182,4006],{"class":53},[47,135184,58],{"class":57},[47,135186,662],{"class":77},[47,135188,309],{"class":151},[47,135190,6519],{"class":155},[47,135192,309],{"class":151},[47,135194,668],{"class":77},[47,135196,303],{"class":151},[47,135198,79195],{"class":155},[47,135200,309],{"class":151},[47,135202,668],{"class":77},[47,135204,303],{"class":151},[47,135206,133988],{"class":155},[47,135208,309],{"class":151},[47,135210,679],{"class":77},[47,135212,135213,135215,135217,135219,135221,135223,135225,135227],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,135214,99],{"class":98},[47,135216,78],{"class":77},[47,135218,6207],{"class":151},[47,135220,914],{"class":77},[47,135222,133261],{"class":81},[47,135224,78],{"class":77},[47,135226,4048],{"class":81},[47,135228,123],{"class":77},[20,135230,129],{},[38,135232,135234],{"className":40,"code":135233,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"onetwothree\n",[15,135235,135236],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,135237,135238],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,135239,135233],{"class":53},[20,135241,135242,135243,6565],{},"If you wanted spaces, use ",[15,135244,133329],{},[373,135246,135248,135249,131452],{"id":135247},"_4-forgetting-that-join-returns-a-new-string","4. Forgetting that ",[15,135250,133184],{},[38,135252,135254],{"className":40,"code":135253,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,135255,135256,135288,135306,135310],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,135257,135258,135260,135262,135264,135266,135268,135270,135272,135274,135276,135278,135280,135282,135284,135286],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,135259,4006],{"class":53},[47,135261,58],{"class":57},[47,135263,662],{"class":77},[47,135265,309],{"class":151},[47,135267,360],{"class":155},[47,135269,309],{"class":151},[47,135271,668],{"class":77},[47,135273,303],{"class":151},[47,135275,4696],{"class":155},[47,135277,309],{"class":151},[47,135279,668],{"class":77},[47,135281,303],{"class":151},[47,135283,9671],{"class":155},[47,135285,309],{"class":151},[47,135287,679],{"class":77},[47,135289,135290,135292,135294,135296,135298,135300,135302,135304],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,135291,309],{"class":43259},[47,135293,1981],{"class":43263},[47,135295,309],{"class":43259},[47,135297,914],{"class":77},[47,135299,133261],{"class":81},[47,135301,78],{"class":77},[47,135303,4048],{"class":81},[47,135305,85],{"class":77},[47,135307,135308],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,135309,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,135311,135312,135314,135316,135318],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,135313,99],{"class":98},[47,135315,78],{"class":77},[47,135317,4048],{"class":81},[47,135319,85],{"class":77},[20,135321,129],{},[38,135323,135324],{"className":40,"code":42806,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,135325,135326],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,135327,135328,135330,135332,135334,135336,135338,135340,135342,135344,135346,135348,135350,135352],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,135329,736],{"class":77},[47,135331,159],{"class":151},[47,135333,360],{"class":155},[47,135335,159],{"class":151},[47,135337,668],{"class":77},[47,135339,152],{"class":151},[47,135341,4696],{"class":155},[47,135343,159],{"class":151},[47,135345,668],{"class":77},[47,135347,152],{"class":151},[47,135349,9671],{"class":155},[47,135351,159],{"class":151},[47,135353,679],{"class":77},[20,135355,135356,135357,135359],{},"The list is unchanged because ",[15,135358,133184],{}," returns a new string. You need to store or print the result.",[33,135361,135363,135365,135366],{"id":135362},"join-vs-concatenation-with",[15,135364,133184],{}," vs concatenation with ",[15,135367,844],{},[20,135369,10522,135370,4329,135372,135374],{},[15,135371,133184],{},[15,135373,844],{}," can combine strings, but they are used in different situations.",[373,135376,165,135378,135380],{"id":135377},"use-for-a-small-number-of-fixed-strings",[15,135379,844],{}," for a small number of fixed strings",[38,135382,135384],{"className":40,"code":135383,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"first = \"Hello\"\nsecond = \"World\"\nresult = first + \" \" + second\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135385,135386,135399,135412,135432,135436],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,135387,135388,135391,135393,135395,135397],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,135389,135390],{"class":53},"first ",[47,135392,58],{"class":57},[47,135394,303],{"class":151},[47,135396,34800],{"class":155},[47,135398,820],{"class":151},[47,135400,135401,135404,135406,135408,135410],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,135402,135403],{"class":53},"second ",[47,135405,58],{"class":57},[47,135407,303],{"class":151},[47,135409,89661],{"class":155},[47,135411,820],{"class":151},[47,135413,135414,135416,135418,135421,135423,135425,135427,135429],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,135415,2184],{"class":53},[47,135417,58],{"class":57},[47,135419,135420],{"class":53}," first ",[47,135422,844],{"class":57},[47,135424,303],{"class":151},[47,135426,303],{"class":151},[47,135428,312],{"class":57},[47,135430,135431],{"class":53}," second\n",[47,135433,135434],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,135435,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,135437,135438,135440,135442,135444],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,135439,99],{"class":98},[47,135441,78],{"class":77},[47,135443,2218],{"class":81},[47,135445,85],{"class":77},[20,135447,129],{},[38,135449,135451],{"className":40,"code":135450,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Hello World\n",[15,135452,135453],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,135454,135455],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,135456,135450],{"class":53},[373,135458,165,135460,135462],{"id":135459},"use-join-for-many-strings-or-a-list-of-strings",[15,135461,133184],{}," for many strings or a list of strings",[38,135464,135466],{"className":40,"code":135465,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"Python\", \"makes\", \"this\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135467,135468,135510,135530,135534],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,135469,135470,135472,135474,135476,135478,135480,135482,135484,135486,135489,135491,135493,135495,135498,135500,135502,135504,135506,135508],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,135471,4006],{"class":53},[47,135473,58],{"class":57},[47,135475,662],{"class":77},[47,135477,309],{"class":151},[47,135479,7229],{"class":155},[47,135481,309],{"class":151},[47,135483,668],{"class":77},[47,135485,303],{"class":151},[47,135487,135488],{"class":155},"makes",[47,135490,309],{"class":151},[47,135492,668],{"class":77},[47,135494,303],{"class":151},[47,135496,135497],{"class":155},"this",[47,135499,309],{"class":151},[47,135501,668],{"class":77},[47,135503,303],{"class":151},[47,135505,133683],{"class":155},[47,135507,309],{"class":151},[47,135509,679],{"class":77},[47,135511,135512,135514,135516,135518,135520,135522,135524,135526,135528],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,135513,2184],{"class":53},[47,135515,58],{"class":57},[47,135517,303],{"class":151},[47,135519,303],{"class":151},[47,135521,914],{"class":77},[47,135523,133261],{"class":81},[47,135525,78],{"class":77},[47,135527,4048],{"class":81},[47,135529,85],{"class":77},[47,135531,135532],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,135533,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,135535,135536,135538,135540,135542],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,135537,99],{"class":98},[47,135539,78],{"class":77},[47,135541,2218],{"class":81},[47,135543,85],{"class":77},[20,135545,129],{},[38,135547,135549],{"className":40,"code":135548,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Python makes this easy\n",[15,135550,135551],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,135552,135553],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,135554,135548],{"class":53},[20,135556,135557,135559],{},[15,135558,133184],{}," is usually cleaner when:",[185,135561,135562,135565,135568],{},[188,135563,135564],{},"You already have a list of strings",[188,135566,135567],{},"You want the same separator between every item",[188,135569,135570,135571,135573],{},"You want to avoid writing many ",[15,135572,844],{}," operators",[20,135575,135576,135577,914],{},"For a task-focused guide, see ",[360,135578,135580],{"href":135579},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-join-strings-in-python\u002F","how to join strings in Python",[33,135582,135584],{"id":135583},"common-mistakes-to-check","Common mistakes to check",[20,135586,8807,135587,135589],{},[15,135588,133184],{}," is not working, check these first:",[185,135591,135592,135595,135600,135609,135615],{},[188,135593,135594],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains integers",[188,135596,135597,135598],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains ",[15,135599,3713],{},[188,135601,135602,135603,11025,135606],{},"You may have written ",[15,135604,135605],{},"list.join(...)",[15,135607,135608],{},"string.join(...)",[188,135610,135611,135612,135614],{},"You may be expecting ",[15,135613,133184],{}," to change the original iterable",[188,135616,135617],{},"You may have passed a non-iterable value",[20,135619,94296],{},[38,135621,135623],{"className":40,"code":135622,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(type(items))\nprint(items)\nprint([type(item) for item in items])\nprint(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))\nprint(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))\n",[15,135624,135625,135639,135649,135673,135713],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,135626,135627,135629,135631,135633,135635,135637],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,135628,99],{"class":98},[47,135630,78],{"class":77},[47,135632,116],{"class":73},[47,135634,78],{"class":77},[47,135636,692],{"class":81},[47,135638,123],{"class":77},[47,135640,135641,135643,135645,135647],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,135642,99],{"class":98},[47,135644,78],{"class":77},[47,135646,692],{"class":81},[47,135648,85],{"class":77},[47,135650,135651,135653,135655,135657,135659,135661,135663,135665,135667,135669,135671],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,135652,99],{"class":98},[47,135654,2928],{"class":77},[47,135656,116],{"class":73},[47,135658,78],{"class":77},[47,135660,23245],{"class":81},[47,135662,862],{"class":77},[47,135664,3813],{"class":3812},[47,135666,5895],{"class":81},[47,135668,3819],{"class":3812},[47,135670,5900],{"class":81},[47,135672,3825],{"class":77},[47,135674,135675,135677,135679,135681,135683,135685,135687,135689,135691,135693,135695,135697,135699,135701,135703,135705,135707,135709,135711],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,135676,99],{"class":98},[47,135678,78],{"class":77},[47,135680,159],{"class":151},[47,135682,152],{"class":151},[47,135684,914],{"class":77},[47,135686,133261],{"class":81},[47,135688,2928],{"class":77},[47,135690,159],{"class":151},[47,135692,360],{"class":155},[47,135694,159],{"class":151},[47,135696,668],{"class":77},[47,135698,152],{"class":151},[47,135700,4696],{"class":155},[47,135702,159],{"class":151},[47,135704,668],{"class":77},[47,135706,152],{"class":151},[47,135708,9671],{"class":155},[47,135710,159],{"class":151},[47,135712,2941],{"class":77},[47,135714,135715,135717,135719,135721,135723,135725,135727,135729,135731,135733,135735,135737,135739,135741,135743,135745,135747,135749,135751],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,135716,99],{"class":98},[47,135718,78],{"class":77},[47,135720,159],{"class":151},[47,135722,1752],{"class":155},[47,135724,159],{"class":151},[47,135726,914],{"class":77},[47,135728,133261],{"class":81},[47,135730,78],{"class":77},[47,135732,39795],{"class":98},[47,135734,78],{"class":77},[47,135736,156],{"class":73},[47,135738,668],{"class":77},[47,135740,662],{"class":77},[47,135742,665],{"class":61},[47,135744,668],{"class":77},[47,135746,671],{"class":61},[47,135748,668],{"class":77},[47,135750,676],{"class":61},[47,135752,37199],{"class":77},[20,135754,135755],{},"What these checks do:",[185,135757,135758,135766,135772,135778,135787],{},[188,135759,135760,135763,135764,8028],{},[15,135761,135762],{},"print(type(items))"," shows what kind of value ",[15,135765,692],{},[188,135767,135768,135771],{},[15,135769,135770],{},"print(items)"," shows the actual contents",[188,135773,135774,135777],{},[15,135775,135776],{},"print([type(item) for item in items])"," shows the type of each item",[188,135779,135780,135783,135784,135786],{},[15,135781,135782],{},"print(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))"," confirms normal ",[15,135785,133184],{}," behavior",[188,135788,135789,135792],{},[15,135790,135791],{},"print(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))"," shows how to join numbers after converting them",[33,135794,1762],{"id":1761},[373,135796,1776,135798,135800],{"id":135797},"does-join-work-with-numbers",[15,135799,133184],{}," work with numbers?",[20,135802,135803,135804,135806,135807,914],{},"Not directly. ",[15,135805,133184],{}," needs strings. Convert numbers first, for example with ",[15,135808,135809],{},"map(str, values)",[373,135811,1776,135813,57091],{"id":135812},"does-join-change-the-original-list",[15,135814,133184],{},[20,135816,135817],{},"No. It returns a new string and leaves the original list unchanged.",[373,135819,28262,135821,62562],{"id":135820},"can-i-use-join-with-a-tuple",[15,135822,133184],{},[20,135824,42085,135825,135827],{},[15,135826,133184],{}," works with any iterable of strings, including tuples.",[373,135829,1766,135831,39896],{"id":135830},"what-does-joinwords-do",[15,135832,135833],{},"''.join(words)",[20,135835,135836],{},"It joins the strings without adding any separator between them.",[373,135838,135840,135841,135843,135844,1812],{"id":135839},"why-do-i-get-typeerror-when-using-join","Why do I get ",[15,135842,2947],{}," when using ",[15,135845,133184],{},[20,135847,135848],{},"Usually because at least one item in the iterable is not a string.",[33,135850,1825],{"id":1824},[185,135852,135853,135858,135864,135870,135876],{},[188,135854,135855],{},[360,135856,135857],{"href":135579},"How to join strings in Python",[188,135859,135860],{},[360,135861,126102,135862,10673],{"href":128789},[15,135863,60459],{},[188,135865,135866],{},[360,135867,13,135868,1834],{"href":42107},[15,135869,17],{},[188,135871,135872],{},[360,135873,1871,135874],{"href":135022},[15,135875,135025],{},[188,135877,135878],{},[360,135879,124857],{"href":50901},[20,135881,97265,135882,135884],{},[15,135883,133184],{},", you can use it in real tasks like formatting full names, building comma-separated text, and combining words from a list into a single string.",[1875,135886,135887],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":65,"depth":65,"links":135889},[135890,135891,135893,135896,135903,135913,135921,135931,135938,135939,135951],{"id":3543,"depth":65,"text":3544},{"id":133301,"depth":65,"text":135892},"What join() does",{"id":244,"depth":65,"text":245,"children":135894},[135895],{"id":48934,"depth":88,"text":48935},{"id":370,"depth":65,"text":371,"children":135897},[135898,135899,135900,135901],{"id":133648,"depth":88,"text":133649},{"id":133740,"depth":88,"text":133741},{"id":133841,"depth":88,"text":133842},{"id":133950,"depth":88,"text":135902},"Show that join() returns the result",{"id":134053,"depth":65,"text":134054,"children":135904},[135905,135907,135909,135911],{"id":134060,"depth":88,"text":135906},"\" \".join(...) adds spaces",{"id":134127,"depth":88,"text":135908},"\", \".join(...) creates comma-separated text",{"id":134216,"depth":88,"text":135910},"\"-\".join(...) is useful for slugs or IDs",{"id":134302,"depth":88,"text":135912},"\"\".join(...) joins with no separator",{"id":134377,"depth":65,"text":134378,"children":135914},[135915,135916,135917,135919],{"id":134386,"depth":88,"text":134387},{"id":134469,"depth":88,"text":134470},{"id":134623,"depth":88,"text":135918},"None values do not work directly",{"id":134795,"depth":88,"text":135920},"join() also works with tuples",{"id":134882,"depth":65,"text":135922,"children":135923},"Common errors with join()",[135924,135926,135928,135929],{"id":134891,"depth":88,"text":135925},"1. TypeError because not all items are strings",{"id":135028,"depth":88,"text":135927},"2. Calling join() on a list instead of a string",{"id":135172,"depth":88,"text":135173},{"id":135247,"depth":88,"text":135930},"4. Forgetting that join() returns a new string",{"id":135362,"depth":65,"text":135932,"children":135933},"join() vs concatenation with +",[135934,135936],{"id":135377,"depth":88,"text":135935},"Use + for a small number of fixed strings",{"id":135459,"depth":88,"text":135937},"Use join() for many strings or a list of strings",{"id":135583,"depth":65,"text":135584},{"id":1761,"depth":65,"text":1762,"children":135940},[135941,135943,135945,135947,135949],{"id":135797,"depth":88,"text":135942},"Does join() work with numbers?",{"id":135812,"depth":88,"text":135944},"Does join() change the original list?",{"id":135820,"depth":88,"text":135946},"Can I use join() with a tuple?",{"id":135830,"depth":88,"text":135948},"What does ''.join(words) do?",{"id":135839,"depth":88,"text":135950},"Why do I get TypeError when using join()?",{"id":1824,"depth":65,"text":1825},"Master python string join method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method",{"title":133176,"description":135952},"reference\u002Fpython-string-join-method","PADX964Q2s6BEP50kMkmDZLOlBbvj8gTOpZn-HkZGPA",{"id":135959,"title":135960,"body":135961,"description":137529,"extension":1922,"meta":137530,"navigation":91,"path":137531,"seo":137532,"stem":137533,"__hash__":137534},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method.md","Python String lower() Method",{"type":7,"value":135962,"toc":137496},[135963,135968,135973,135975,135989,136034,136041,136046,136051,136053,136069,136078,136080,136082,136097,136099,136109,136111,136173,136175,136178,136239,136241,136257,136259,136272,136275,136322,136324,136330,136333,136336,136396,136404,136490,136494,136499,136501,136515,136518,136603,136606,136664,136675,136730,136732,136739,136745,136751,136795,136798,136845,136847,136849,136856,136858,136889,136892,136894,136925,136929,136932,136934,136974,136976,137019,137025,137030,137032,137059,137064,137067,137116,137120,137123,137198,137209,137212,137269,137276,137282,137290,137295,137302,137309,137327,137329,137383,137391,137393,137398,137401,137407,137413,137418,137421,137427,137433,137440,137448,137450,137493],[10,135964,123102,135966,11256],{"id":135965},"python-string-lower-method",[15,135967,123832],{},[20,135969,123107,135970,135972],{},[15,135971,123832],{}," method returns a lowercase version of a string.",[20,135974,24022],{},[185,135976,135977,135980,135983,135986],{},[188,135978,135979],{},"convert text to lowercase",[188,135981,135982],{},"compare text without case differences",[188,135984,135985],{},"clean up user input",[188,135987,135988],{},"make simple text matching easier",[38,135990,135992],{"className":40,"code":135991,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\nresult = text.lower()\nprint(result)  # hello world\n",[15,135993,135994,136007,136021],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,135995,135996,135998,136000,136002,136005],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,135997,68],{"class":53},[47,135999,58],{"class":57},[47,136001,303],{"class":151},[47,136003,136004],{"class":155},"Hello WORLD",[47,136006,820],{"class":151},[47,136008,136009,136011,136013,136015,136017,136019],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,136010,2184],{"class":53},[47,136012,58],{"class":57},[47,136014,42772],{"class":53},[47,136016,914],{"class":77},[47,136018,8571],{"class":81},[47,136020,8574],{"class":77},[47,136022,136023,136025,136027,136029,136031],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,136024,99],{"class":98},[47,136026,78],{"class":77},[47,136028,2218],{"class":81},[47,136030,862],{"class":77},[47,136032,136033],{"class":1378},"  # hello world\n",[20,136035,136036,88886,136038,136040],{},[127,136037,83745],{},[15,136039,123832],{}," returns a new string. It does not change the original string in place.",[33,136042,172,136044,175],{"id":136043},"what-lower-does",[15,136045,123832],{},[20,136047,136048,136050],{},[15,136049,123832],{}," is a string method that changes uppercase letters to lowercase letters.",[20,136052,12986],{},[185,136054,136055,136060,136063,136066],{},[188,136056,136057,136059],{},[15,136058,123832],{}," returns a lowercase version of a string",[188,136061,136062],{},"It works on string objects",[188,136064,136065],{},"It creates and returns a new string",[188,136067,136068],{},"The original string stays unchanged",[20,136070,124854,136071,136075,136076,914],{},[360,136072,136074],{"href":136073},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-string-in-python\u002F","what a string is in Python"," or learn more in ",[360,136077,50902],{"href":50901},[33,136079,245],{"id":244},[20,136081,2117],{},[38,136083,136085],{"className":40,"code":136084,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"string.lower()\n",[15,136086,136087],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,136088,136089,136091,136093,136095],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,136090,61102],{"class":53},[47,136092,914],{"class":77},[47,136094,8571],{"class":81},[47,136096,8574],{"class":77},[20,136098,43581],{},[185,136100,136101,136103,136106],{},[188,136102,97443],{},[188,136104,136105],{},"You call it directly on a string",[188,136107,136108],{},"You can use it on a string literal or a string variable",[20,136110,800],{},[38,136112,136114],{"className":40,"code":136113,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(\"HELLO\".lower())  # hello\n\nname = \"PyThOn\"\nprint(name.lower())  # python\n",[15,136115,136116,136139,136143,136156],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,136117,136118,136120,136122,136124,136127,136129,136131,136133,136136],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,136119,99],{"class":98},[47,136121,78],{"class":77},[47,136123,309],{"class":151},[47,136125,136126],{"class":155},"HELLO",[47,136128,309],{"class":151},[47,136130,914],{"class":77},[47,136132,8571],{"class":81},[47,136134,136135],{"class":77},"())",[47,136137,136138],{"class":1378},"  # hello\n",[47,136140,136141],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,136142,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,136144,136145,136147,136149,136151,136154],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,136146,810],{"class":53},[47,136148,58],{"class":57},[47,136150,303],{"class":151},[47,136152,136153],{"class":155},"PyThOn",[47,136155,820],{"class":151},[47,136157,136158,136160,136162,136164,136166,136168,136170],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,136159,99],{"class":98},[47,136161,78],{"class":77},[47,136163,7601],{"class":81},[47,136165,914],{"class":77},[47,136167,8571],{"class":81},[47,136169,136135],{"class":77},[47,136171,136172],{"class":1378},"  # python\n",[33,136174,11409],{"id":11408},[20,136176,136177],{},"Here is a basic example with a variable:",[38,136179,136181],{"className":40,"code":136180,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\n\nlower_text = text.lower()\n\nprint(lower_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,136182,136183,136195,136199,136214,136218,136229],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,136184,136185,136187,136189,136191,136193],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,136186,68],{"class":53},[47,136188,58],{"class":57},[47,136190,303],{"class":151},[47,136192,136004],{"class":155},[47,136194,820],{"class":151},[47,136196,136197],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,136198,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,136200,136201,136204,136206,136208,136210,136212],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,136202,136203],{"class":53},"lower_text ",[47,136205,58],{"class":57},[47,136207,42772],{"class":53},[47,136209,914],{"class":77},[47,136211,8571],{"class":81},[47,136213,8574],{"class":77},[47,136215,136216],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,136217,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,136219,136220,136222,136224,136227],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,136221,99],{"class":98},[47,136223,78],{"class":77},[47,136225,136226],{"class":81},"lower_text",[47,136228,85],{"class":77},[47,136230,136231,136233,136235,136237],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,136232,99],{"class":98},[47,136234,78],{"class":77},[47,136236,104],{"class":81},[47,136238,85],{"class":77},[20,136240,129],{},[38,136242,136244],{"className":40,"code":136243,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"hello world\nHello WORLD\n",[15,136245,136246,136250],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,136247,136248],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,136249,134118],{"class":53},[47,136251,136252,136254],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,136253,131518],{"class":53},[47,136255,136256],{"class":34387},"WORLD\n",[20,136258,24542],{},[185,136260,136261,136266],{},[188,136262,136263,136265],{},[15,136264,123832],{}," returns the lowercase result",[188,136267,136268,136269,136271],{},"the original ",[15,136270,104],{}," variable does not change unless you reassign it",[20,136273,136274],{},"If you want to keep the lowercase version in the same variable, reassign it:",[38,136276,136278],{"className":40,"code":136277,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello world\n",[15,136279,136280,136292,136306,136310],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,136281,136282,136284,136286,136288,136290],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,136283,68],{"class":53},[47,136285,58],{"class":57},[47,136287,303],{"class":151},[47,136289,136004],{"class":155},[47,136291,820],{"class":151},[47,136293,136294,136296,136298,136300,136302,136304],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,136295,68],{"class":53},[47,136297,58],{"class":57},[47,136299,42772],{"class":53},[47,136301,914],{"class":77},[47,136303,8571],{"class":81},[47,136305,8574],{"class":77},[47,136307,136308],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,136309,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,136311,136312,136314,136316,136318,136320],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,136313,99],{"class":98},[47,136315,78],{"class":77},[47,136317,104],{"class":81},[47,136319,862],{"class":77},[47,136321,136033],{"class":1378},[33,136323,1504],{"id":1503},[20,136325,136326,1509,136328,914],{},[15,136327,123832],{},[127,136329,61102],{},[20,136331,136332],{},"That means you can store the result in a variable, print it, or use it in comparisons.",[20,136334,136335],{},"A common beginner use case is comparing text in a case-insensitive way:",[38,136337,136339],{"className":40,"code":136338,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"answer = \"YES\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Correct\")\n",[15,136340,136341,136355,136359,136382],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,136342,136343,136346,136348,136350,136353],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,136344,136345],{"class":53},"answer ",[47,136347,58],{"class":57},[47,136349,303],{"class":151},[47,136351,136352],{"class":155},"YES",[47,136354,820],{"class":151},[47,136356,136357],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,136358,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,136360,136361,136363,136366,136368,136370,136372,136374,136376,136378,136380],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,136362,6930],{"class":3812},[47,136364,136365],{"class":53}," answer",[47,136367,914],{"class":77},[47,136369,8571],{"class":81},[47,136371,7298],{"class":77},[47,136373,6344],{"class":57},[47,136375,303],{"class":151},[47,136377,8589],{"class":155},[47,136379,309],{"class":151},[47,136381,6329],{"class":77},[47,136383,136384,136386,136388,136390,136392,136394],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,136385,8000],{"class":98},[47,136387,78],{"class":77},[47,136389,309],{"class":151},[47,136391,96752],{"class":155},[47,136393,309],{"class":151},[47,136395,85],{"class":77},[20,136397,136398,136399,2826],{},"This is especially useful with ",[360,136400,136401,136402,366],{"href":8151},"the ",[15,136403,2900],{},[38,136405,136407],{"className":40,"code":136406,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"answer = input(\"Type yes or no: \")\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"You typed yes\")\nelse:\n    print(\"You typed something else\")\n",[15,136408,136409,136428,136432,136454,136469,136475],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,136410,136411,136413,136415,136417,136419,136421,136424,136426],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,136412,136345],{"class":53},[47,136414,58],{"class":57},[47,136416,8173],{"class":98},[47,136418,78],{"class":77},[47,136420,309],{"class":151},[47,136422,136423],{"class":155},"Type yes or no: ",[47,136425,309],{"class":151},[47,136427,85],{"class":77},[47,136429,136430],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,136431,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,136433,136434,136436,136438,136440,136442,136444,136446,136448,136450,136452],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,136435,6930],{"class":3812},[47,136437,136365],{"class":53},[47,136439,914],{"class":77},[47,136441,8571],{"class":81},[47,136443,7298],{"class":77},[47,136445,6344],{"class":57},[47,136447,303],{"class":151},[47,136449,8589],{"class":155},[47,136451,309],{"class":151},[47,136453,6329],{"class":77},[47,136455,136456,136458,136460,136462,136465,136467],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,136457,8000],{"class":98},[47,136459,78],{"class":77},[47,136461,309],{"class":151},[47,136463,136464],{"class":155},"You typed yes",[47,136466,309],{"class":151},[47,136468,85],{"class":77},[47,136470,136471,136473],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,136472,27367],{"class":3812},[47,136474,6329],{"class":77},[47,136476,136477,136479,136481,136483,136486,136488],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,136478,8000],{"class":98},[47,136480,78],{"class":77},[47,136482,309],{"class":151},[47,136484,136485],{"class":155},"You typed something else",[47,136487,309],{"class":151},[47,136489,85],{"class":77},[33,136491,136493],{"id":136492},"common-use-cases","Common use cases",[20,136495,136496,136498],{},[15,136497,123832],{}," is often used to normalize text before working with it.",[20,136500,7275],{},[185,136502,136503,136506,136509,136512],{},[188,136504,136505],{},"Normalize user input before comparison",[188,136507,136508],{},"Make text matching easier",[188,136510,136511],{},"Prepare text for simple searches",[188,136513,136514],{},"Clean mixed-case data",[20,136516,136517],{},"Example: checking user input",[38,136519,136521],{"className":40,"code":136520,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\n\nif color.lower() == \"blue\":\n    print(\"Nice choice!\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Got it.\")\n",[15,136522,136523,136541,136545,136567,136582,136588],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,136524,136525,136527,136529,136531,136533,136535,136537,136539],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,136526,44890],{"class":53},[47,136528,58],{"class":57},[47,136530,8173],{"class":98},[47,136532,78],{"class":77},[47,136534,309],{"class":151},[47,136536,44901],{"class":155},[47,136538,309],{"class":151},[47,136540,85],{"class":77},[47,136542,136543],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,136544,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,136546,136547,136549,136551,136553,136555,136557,136559,136561,136563,136565],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,136548,6930],{"class":3812},[47,136550,35785],{"class":53},[47,136552,914],{"class":77},[47,136554,8571],{"class":81},[47,136556,7298],{"class":77},[47,136558,6344],{"class":57},[47,136560,303],{"class":151},[47,136562,13044],{"class":155},[47,136564,309],{"class":151},[47,136566,6329],{"class":77},[47,136568,136569,136571,136573,136575,136578,136580],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,136570,8000],{"class":98},[47,136572,78],{"class":77},[47,136574,309],{"class":151},[47,136576,136577],{"class":155},"Nice choice!",[47,136579,309],{"class":151},[47,136581,85],{"class":77},[47,136583,136584,136586],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,136585,27367],{"class":3812},[47,136587,6329],{"class":77},[47,136589,136590,136592,136594,136596,136599,136601],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,136591,8000],{"class":98},[47,136593,78],{"class":77},[47,136595,309],{"class":151},[47,136597,136598],{"class":155},"Got it.",[47,136600,309],{"class":151},[47,136602,85],{"class":77},[20,136604,136605],{},"Example: simple search",[38,136607,136609],{"className":40,"code":136608,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"message = \"Python Is Fun\"\n\nif \"python\" in message.lower():\n    print(\"Found it\")\n",[15,136610,136611,136624,136628,136649],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,136612,136613,136615,136617,136619,136622],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,136614,298],{"class":53},[47,136616,58],{"class":57},[47,136618,303],{"class":151},[47,136620,136621],{"class":155},"Python Is Fun",[47,136623,820],{"class":151},[47,136625,136626],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,136627,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,136629,136630,136632,136634,136636,136638,136640,136643,136645,136647],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,136631,6930],{"class":3812},[47,136633,303],{"class":151},[47,136635,42],{"class":155},[47,136637,309],{"class":151},[47,136639,21109],{"class":57},[47,136641,136642],{"class":53}," message",[47,136644,914],{"class":77},[47,136646,8571],{"class":81},[47,136648,21531],{"class":77},[47,136650,136651,136653,136655,136657,136660,136662],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,136652,8000],{"class":98},[47,136654,78],{"class":77},[47,136656,309],{"class":151},[47,136658,136659],{"class":155},"Found it",[47,136661,309],{"class":151},[47,136663,85],{"class":77},[20,136665,136666,136667,136669,136670,2826],{},"If you also need to remove extra spaces, ",[15,136668,123832],{}," is often used with ",[360,136671,136673],{"href":136672},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method\u002F",[15,136674,41587],{},[38,136676,136678],{"className":40,"code":136677,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"  ALICE  \"\nclean_name = name.strip().lower()\n\nprint(clean_name)  # alice\n",[15,136679,136680,136693,136712,136716],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,136681,136682,136684,136686,136688,136691],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,136683,810],{"class":53},[47,136685,58],{"class":57},[47,136687,303],{"class":151},[47,136689,136690],{"class":155},"  ALICE  ",[47,136692,820],{"class":151},[47,136694,136695,136698,136700,136702,136704,136706,136708,136710],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,136696,136697],{"class":53},"clean_name ",[47,136699,58],{"class":57},[47,136701,35925],{"class":53},[47,136703,914],{"class":77},[47,136705,8565],{"class":81},[47,136707,8568],{"class":77},[47,136709,8571],{"class":81},[47,136711,8574],{"class":77},[47,136713,136714],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,136715,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,136717,136718,136720,136722,136725,136727],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,136719,99],{"class":98},[47,136721,78],{"class":77},[47,136723,136724],{"class":81},"clean_name",[47,136726,862],{"class":77},[47,136728,136729],{"class":1378},"  # alice\n",[33,136731,15531],{"id":15530},[20,136733,136734,136735,136738],{},"Strings are ",[127,136736,136737],{},"immutable"," in Python.",[20,136740,136741,136742,136744],{},"That means a string cannot be changed in place. Methods like ",[15,136743,123832],{}," do not edit the original string. They return a new one.",[20,136746,136747,136748,136750],{},"So this does ",[127,136749,768],{}," update the original variable:",[38,136752,136754],{"className":40,"code":136753,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # HELLO\n",[15,136755,136756,136768,136778,136782],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,136757,136758,136760,136762,136764,136766],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,136759,68],{"class":53},[47,136761,58],{"class":57},[47,136763,303],{"class":151},[47,136765,136126],{"class":155},[47,136767,820],{"class":151},[47,136769,136770,136772,136774,136776],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,136771,104],{"class":53},[47,136773,914],{"class":77},[47,136775,8571],{"class":81},[47,136777,8574],{"class":77},[47,136779,136780],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,136781,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,136783,136784,136786,136788,136790,136792],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,136785,99],{"class":98},[47,136787,78],{"class":77},[47,136789,104],{"class":81},[47,136791,862],{"class":77},[47,136793,136794],{"class":1378},"  # HELLO\n",[20,136796,136797],{},"To keep the lowercase version, save the result:",[38,136799,136801],{"className":40,"code":136800,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,136802,136803,136815,136829,136833],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,136804,136805,136807,136809,136811,136813],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,136806,68],{"class":53},[47,136808,58],{"class":57},[47,136810,303],{"class":151},[47,136812,136126],{"class":155},[47,136814,820],{"class":151},[47,136816,136817,136819,136821,136823,136825,136827],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,136818,68],{"class":53},[47,136820,58],{"class":57},[47,136822,42772],{"class":53},[47,136824,914],{"class":77},[47,136826,8571],{"class":81},[47,136828,8574],{"class":77},[47,136830,136831],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,136832,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,136834,136835,136837,136839,136841,136843],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,136836,99],{"class":98},[47,136838,78],{"class":77},[47,136840,104],{"class":81},[47,136842,862],{"class":77},[47,136844,136138],{"class":1378},[33,136846,2775],{"id":2774},[373,136848,25621],{"id":25620},[20,136850,136851,136852,11025,136854,914],{},"A very common mistake is writing ",[15,136853,8571],{},[15,136855,123832],{},[20,136857,16579],{},[38,136859,136861],{"className":40,"code":136860,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower)\n",[15,136862,136863,136875],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,136864,136865,136867,136869,136871,136873],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,136866,68],{"class":53},[47,136868,58],{"class":57},[47,136870,303],{"class":151},[47,136872,136126],{"class":155},[47,136874,820],{"class":151},[47,136876,136877,136879,136881,136883,136885,136887],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,136878,99],{"class":98},[47,136880,78],{"class":77},[47,136882,104],{"class":81},[47,136884,914],{"class":77},[47,136886,8571],{"class":24685},[47,136888,85],{"class":77},[20,136890,136891],{},"This prints the method itself, not the lowercase string.",[20,136893,16591],{},[38,136895,136897],{"className":40,"code":136896,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,136898,136899,136911],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,136900,136901,136903,136905,136907,136909],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,136902,68],{"class":53},[47,136904,58],{"class":57},[47,136906,303],{"class":151},[47,136908,136126],{"class":155},[47,136910,820],{"class":151},[47,136912,136913,136915,136917,136919,136921,136923],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,136914,99],{"class":98},[47,136916,78],{"class":77},[47,136918,104],{"class":81},[47,136920,914],{"class":77},[47,136922,8571],{"class":81},[47,136924,7127],{"class":77},[373,136926,136928],{"id":136927},"not-saving-the-result","Not saving the result",[20,136930,136931],{},"Another common mistake is expecting the original variable to change automatically.",[20,136933,16579],{},[38,136935,136937],{"className":40,"code":136936,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\nprint(text)  # still HELLO\n",[15,136938,136939,136951,136961],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,136940,136941,136943,136945,136947,136949],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,136942,68],{"class":53},[47,136944,58],{"class":57},[47,136946,303],{"class":151},[47,136948,136126],{"class":155},[47,136950,820],{"class":151},[47,136952,136953,136955,136957,136959],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,136954,104],{"class":53},[47,136956,914],{"class":77},[47,136958,8571],{"class":81},[47,136960,8574],{"class":77},[47,136962,136963,136965,136967,136969,136971],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,136964,99],{"class":98},[47,136966,78],{"class":77},[47,136968,104],{"class":81},[47,136970,862],{"class":77},[47,136972,136973],{"class":1378},"  # still HELLO\n",[20,136975,16591],{},[38,136977,136979],{"className":40,"code":136978,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,136980,136981,136993,137007],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,136982,136983,136985,136987,136989,136991],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,136984,68],{"class":53},[47,136986,58],{"class":57},[47,136988,303],{"class":151},[47,136990,136126],{"class":155},[47,136992,820],{"class":151},[47,136994,136995,136997,136999,137001,137003,137005],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,136996,68],{"class":53},[47,136998,58],{"class":57},[47,137000,42772],{"class":53},[47,137002,914],{"class":77},[47,137004,8571],{"class":81},[47,137006,8574],{"class":77},[47,137008,137009,137011,137013,137015,137017],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,137010,99],{"class":98},[47,137012,78],{"class":77},[47,137014,104],{"class":81},[47,137016,862],{"class":77},[47,137018,136138],{"class":1378},[373,137020,1335,137022,137024],{"id":137021},"using-lower-on-a-non-string-value",[15,137023,123832],{}," on a non-string value",[20,137026,137027,137029],{},[15,137028,123832],{}," only works on strings.",[20,137031,16579],{},[38,137033,137035],{"className":40,"code":137034,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"number = 123\nprint(number.lower())\n",[15,137036,137037,137045],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,137038,137039,137041,137043],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,137040,386],{"class":53},[47,137042,58],{"class":57},[47,137044,124784],{"class":61},[47,137046,137047,137049,137051,137053,137055,137057],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,137048,99],{"class":98},[47,137050,78],{"class":77},[47,137052,404],{"class":81},[47,137054,914],{"class":77},[47,137056,8571],{"class":81},[47,137058,7127],{"class":77},[20,137060,137061,137062,33534],{},"This causes an error because integers do not have a ",[15,137063,123832],{},[20,137065,137066],{},"You can check the type first:",[38,137068,137070],{"className":40,"code":137069,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"HELLO\"\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,137071,137072,137084,137088,137102],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,137073,137074,137076,137078,137080,137082],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,137075,68],{"class":53},[47,137077,58],{"class":57},[47,137079,303],{"class":151},[47,137081,136126],{"class":155},[47,137083,820],{"class":151},[47,137085,137086],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,137087,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,137089,137090,137092,137094,137096,137098,137100],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,137091,99],{"class":98},[47,137093,78],{"class":77},[47,137095,116],{"class":73},[47,137097,78],{"class":77},[47,137099,104],{"class":81},[47,137101,123],{"class":77},[47,137103,137104,137106,137108,137110,137112,137114],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,137105,99],{"class":98},[47,137107,78],{"class":77},[47,137109,104],{"class":81},[47,137111,914],{"class":77},[47,137113,8571],{"class":81},[47,137115,7127],{"class":77},[373,137117,137119],{"id":137118},"comparing-text-without-normalizing-case","Comparing text without normalizing case",[20,137121,137122],{},"This can cause unexpected results:",[38,137124,137126],{"className":40,"code":137125,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\nelse:\n    print(\"No match\")\n",[15,137127,137128,137141,137145,137162,137177,137183],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,137129,137130,137132,137134,137136,137139],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,137131,136345],{"class":53},[47,137133,58],{"class":57},[47,137135,303],{"class":151},[47,137137,137138],{"class":155},"Yes",[47,137140,820],{"class":151},[47,137142,137143],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,137144,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,137146,137147,137149,137152,137154,137156,137158,137160],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,137148,6930],{"class":3812},[47,137150,137151],{"class":53}," answer ",[47,137153,4623],{"class":57},[47,137155,303],{"class":151},[47,137157,8589],{"class":155},[47,137159,309],{"class":151},[47,137161,6329],{"class":77},[47,137163,137164,137166,137168,137170,137173,137175],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,137165,8000],{"class":98},[47,137167,78],{"class":77},[47,137169,309],{"class":151},[47,137171,137172],{"class":155},"Match",[47,137174,309],{"class":151},[47,137176,85],{"class":77},[47,137178,137179,137181],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,137180,27367],{"class":3812},[47,137182,6329],{"class":77},[47,137184,137185,137187,137189,137191,137194,137196],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,137186,8000],{"class":98},[47,137188,78],{"class":77},[47,137190,309],{"class":151},[47,137192,137193],{"class":155},"No match",[47,137195,309],{"class":151},[47,137197,85],{"class":77},[20,137199,28995,137200,4329,137203,137206,137207,914],{},[15,137201,137202],{},"\"Yes\"",[15,137204,137205],{},"\"yes\""," are different strings, this prints ",[15,137208,137193],{},[20,137210,137211],{},"Better:",[38,137213,137215],{"className":40,"code":137214,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\n",[15,137216,137217,137229,137233,137255],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,137218,137219,137221,137223,137225,137227],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,137220,136345],{"class":53},[47,137222,58],{"class":57},[47,137224,303],{"class":151},[47,137226,137138],{"class":155},[47,137228,820],{"class":151},[47,137230,137231],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,137232,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,137234,137235,137237,137239,137241,137243,137245,137247,137249,137251,137253],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,137236,6930],{"class":3812},[47,137238,136365],{"class":53},[47,137240,914],{"class":77},[47,137242,8571],{"class":81},[47,137244,7298],{"class":77},[47,137246,6344],{"class":57},[47,137248,303],{"class":151},[47,137250,8589],{"class":155},[47,137252,309],{"class":151},[47,137254,6329],{"class":77},[47,137256,137257,137259,137261,137263,137265,137267],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,137258,8000],{"class":98},[47,137260,78],{"class":77},[47,137262,309],{"class":151},[47,137264,137172],{"class":155},[47,137266,309],{"class":151},[47,137268,85],{"class":77},[373,137270,44144,137272,137275],{"id":137271},"when-casefold-may-be-better",[15,137273,137274],{},"casefold()"," may be better",[20,137277,137278,137279,137281],{},"For most beginner examples, ",[15,137280,123832],{}," is enough.",[20,137283,137284,137285,137287,137288,914],{},"But for advanced Unicode case-insensitive matching, ",[15,137286,137274],{}," can be stronger than ",[15,137289,123832],{},[20,137291,137292,137293,1127],{},"For everyday beginner tasks like input checking and simple comparisons, ",[15,137294,123832],{},[33,137296,137298,920,137300],{"id":137297},"lower-vs-upper",[15,137299,123832],{},[15,137301,127980],{},[20,137303,137304,4329,137306,137308],{},[15,137305,123832],{},[15,137307,127980],{}," are very similar.",[185,137310,137311,137316,137321,137324],{},[188,137312,137313,137315],{},[15,137314,123832],{}," changes letters to lowercase",[188,137317,137318,137320],{},[15,137319,127980],{}," changes letters to uppercase",[188,137322,137323],{},"Both return new strings",[188,137325,137326],{},"Both leave the original string unchanged unless you reassign the result",[20,137328,800],{},[38,137330,137332],{"className":40,"code":137331,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower())  # hello world\nprint(text.upper())  # HELLO WORLD\n",[15,137333,137334,137346,137350,137366],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,137335,137336,137338,137340,137342,137344],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,137337,68],{"class":53},[47,137339,58],{"class":57},[47,137341,303],{"class":151},[47,137343,128821],{"class":155},[47,137345,820],{"class":151},[47,137347,137348],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,137349,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,137351,137352,137354,137356,137358,137360,137362,137364],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,137353,99],{"class":98},[47,137355,78],{"class":77},[47,137357,104],{"class":81},[47,137359,914],{"class":77},[47,137361,8571],{"class":81},[47,137363,136135],{"class":77},[47,137365,136033],{"class":1378},[47,137367,137368,137370,137372,137374,137376,137378,137380],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,137369,99],{"class":98},[47,137371,78],{"class":77},[47,137373,104],{"class":81},[47,137375,914],{"class":77},[47,137377,34412],{"class":81},[47,137379,136135],{"class":77},[47,137381,137382],{"class":1378},"  # HELLO WORLD\n",[20,137384,137385,137386,914],{},"If you want the opposite conversion, see the ",[360,137387,126102,137389,10673],{"href":137388},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method\u002F",[15,137390,127980],{},[33,137392,1762],{"id":1761},[373,137394,1776,137396,124429],{"id":137395},"does-lower-change-the-original-string",[15,137397,123832],{},[20,137399,137400],{},"No. It returns a new lowercase string. Reassign it if needed.",[373,137402,1776,137404,137406],{"id":137403},"does-lower-take-any-arguments",[15,137405,123832],{}," take any arguments?",[20,137408,137409,137410,914],{},"No. The method is called as ",[15,137411,137412],{},"string.lower()",[373,137414,1766,137416,12649],{"id":137415},"what-does-lower-return",[15,137417,123832],{},[20,137419,137420],{},"It returns a new string with lowercase letters.",[373,137422,28262,137424,137426],{"id":137423},"can-i-use-lower-on-user-input",[15,137425,123832],{}," on user input?",[20,137428,137429,137430,137432],{},"Yes. It is commonly used with ",[15,137431,2900],{}," to compare answers without case problems.",[373,137434,5111,137436,4329,137438,1812],{"id":137435},"what-is-the-difference-between-lower-and-casefold",[15,137437,123832],{},[15,137439,137274],{},[20,137441,137442,137444,137445,137447],{},[15,137443,123832],{}," is simpler and common for beginners. ",[15,137446,137274],{}," is stronger for some Unicode case-insensitive comparisons.",[33,137449,1825],{"id":1824},[185,137451,137452,137456,137462,137468,137474,137478,137482,137488],{},[188,137453,137454],{},[360,137455,50902],{"href":50901},[188,137457,137458],{},[360,137459,126102,137460,10673],{"href":137388},[15,137461,127980],{},[188,137463,137464],{},[360,137465,126102,137466,10673],{"href":136672},[15,137467,41587],{},[188,137469,137470],{},[360,137471,126102,137472,10673],{"href":129683},[15,137473,124273],{},[188,137475,137476],{},[360,137477,124501],{"href":123357},[188,137479,137480],{},[360,137481,1866],{"href":912},[188,137483,137484],{},[360,137485,13,137486,1834],{"href":8151},[15,137487,2900],{},[188,137489,137490],{},[360,137491,137492],{"href":136073},"What is a string in Python?",[1875,137494,137495],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":65,"depth":65,"links":137497},[137498,137500,137501,137502,137503,137504,137505,137514,137516,137528],{"id":136043,"depth":65,"text":137499},"What lower() does",{"id":244,"depth":65,"text":245},{"id":11408,"depth":65,"text":11409},{"id":1503,"depth":65,"text":1504},{"id":136492,"depth":65,"text":136493},{"id":15530,"depth":65,"text":15531},{"id":2774,"depth":65,"text":2775,"children":137506},[137507,137508,137509,137511,137512],{"id":25620,"depth":88,"text":25621},{"id":136927,"depth":88,"text":136928},{"id":137021,"depth":88,"text":137510},"Using lower() on a non-string value",{"id":137118,"depth":88,"text":137119},{"id":137271,"depth":88,"text":137513},"When casefold() may be better",{"id":137297,"depth":65,"text":137515},"lower() vs upper()",{"id":1761,"depth":65,"text":1762,"children":137517},[137518,137520,137522,137524,137526],{"id":137395,"depth":88,"text":137519},"Does lower() change the original string?",{"id":137403,"depth":88,"text":137521},"Does lower() take any arguments?",{"id":137415,"depth":88,"text":137523},"What does lower() return?",{"id":137423,"depth":88,"text":137525},"Can I use lower() on user input?",{"id":137435,"depth":88,"text":137527},"What is the difference between lower() and casefold()?",{"id":1824,"depth":65,"text":1825},"Master python string lower method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method",{"title":135960,"description":137529},"reference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method","Aspap5dswZ0jaW6T8G5ZAbmL8ux0eq3khybJYFtYHM8",{"id":137536,"title":137537,"body":137538,"description":139088,"extension":1922,"meta":139089,"navigation":91,"path":139090,"seo":139091,"stem":139092,"__hash__":139093},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method.md","Python String replace() Method",{"type":7,"value":137539,"toc":139049},[137540,137545,137550,137556,137571,137573,137633,137635,137644,137650,137655,137660,137662,137676,137680,137682,137729,137731,137749,137751,137754,137825,137827,137841,137844,137856,137865,137869,137874,137879,137883,137949,137951,137960,137964,138029,138031,138040,138043,138048,138052,138057,138061,138122,138124,138133,138137,138140,138196,138198,138207,138210,138223,138225,138229,138236,138298,138300,138313,138319,138322,138329,138334,138339,138342,138350,138352,138413,138415,138424,138427,138474,138477,138524,138526,138531,138548,138555,138560,138613,138615,138623,138625,138682,138684,138692,138696,138743,138745,138753,138761,138765,138813,138815,138824,138829,138880,138882,138891,138898,138901,138922,138924,138929,138932,138936,138939,138943,138946,138973,138979,138982,139009,139014,139016,139018,139046],[10,137541,123102,137543,11256],{"id":137542},"python-string-replace-method",[15,137544,124273],{},[20,137546,123107,137547,137549],{},[15,137548,124273],{}," method lets you change text inside a string.",[20,137551,137552,137553,137555],{},"This is a beginner-friendly reference page for ",[15,137554,124273],{},". You will learn:",[185,137557,137558,137562,137565,137568],{},[188,137559,25952,137560,175],{},[15,137561,124273],{},[188,137563,137564],{},"how its syntax works",[188,137566,137567],{},"how to replace all matches or only some matches",[188,137569,137570],{},"common mistakes to avoid",[33,137572,36],{"id":35},[38,137574,137576],{"className":40,"code":137575,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,137577,137578,137591,137623],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,137579,137580,137582,137584,137586,137589],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,137581,68],{"class":53},[47,137583,58],{"class":57},[47,137585,303],{"class":151},[47,137587,137588],{"class":155},"I like cats",[47,137590,820],{"class":151},[47,137592,137593,137595,137597,137599,137601,137603,137605,137607,137610,137612,137614,137616,137619,137621],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,137594,129941],{"class":53},[47,137596,58],{"class":57},[47,137598,42772],{"class":53},[47,137600,914],{"class":77},[47,137602,34932],{"class":81},[47,137604,78],{"class":77},[47,137606,309],{"class":151},[47,137608,137609],{"class":155},"cats",[47,137611,309],{"class":151},[47,137613,668],{"class":77},[47,137615,303],{"class":151},[47,137617,137618],{"class":155},"dogs",[47,137620,309],{"class":151},[47,137622,85],{"class":77},[47,137624,137625,137627,137629,137631],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,137626,99],{"class":98},[47,137628,78],{"class":77},[47,137630,129972],{"class":81},[47,137632,85],{"class":77},[20,137634,129],{},[38,137636,137638],{"className":40,"code":137637,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"I like dogs\n",[15,137639,137640],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,137641,137642],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,137643,137637],{"class":53},[20,137645,165,137646,137649],{},[15,137647,137648],{},"replace(old, new)"," to return a new string with matching text changed. The original string is not modified.",[33,137651,172,137653,175],{"id":137652},"what-replace-does",[15,137654,124273],{},[20,137656,137657,137659],{},[15,137658,124273],{}," changes matching text inside a string.",[20,137661,12986],{},[185,137663,137664,137666,137668,137671],{},[188,137665,133350],{},[188,137667,136068],{},[188,137669,137670],{},"It works on exact matches",[188,137672,137673,137674],{},"It replaces all matches unless you limit it with ",[15,137675,41193],{},[20,137677,124854,137678,914],{},[360,137679,124857],{"href":50901},[33,137681,5364],{"id":5363},[38,137683,137685],{"className":40,"code":137684,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"string.replace(old, new)\nstring.replace(old, new, count)\n",[15,137686,137687,137707],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,137688,137689,137691,137693,137695,137697,137700,137702,137705],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,137690,61102],{"class":53},[47,137692,914],{"class":77},[47,137694,34932],{"class":81},[47,137696,78],{"class":77},[47,137698,137699],{"class":81},"old",[47,137701,668],{"class":77},[47,137703,137704],{"class":81}," new",[47,137706,85],{"class":77},[47,137708,137709,137711,137713,137715,137717,137719,137721,137723,137725,137727],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,137710,61102],{"class":53},[47,137712,914],{"class":77},[47,137714,34932],{"class":81},[47,137716,78],{"class":77},[47,137718,137699],{"class":81},[47,137720,668],{"class":77},[47,137722,137704],{"class":81},[47,137724,668],{"class":77},[47,137726,49527],{"class":81},[47,137728,85],{"class":77},[373,137730,17331],{"id":17330},[185,137732,137733,137738,137744],{},[188,137734,137735,137737],{},[15,137736,137699],{}," = the text to find",[188,137739,137740,137743],{},[15,137741,137742],{},"new"," = the replacement text",[188,137745,137746,137748],{},[15,137747,41193],{}," = optional number that limits how many matches are replaced",[33,137750,5721],{"id":5720},[20,137752,137753],{},"Here is a simple example that replaces one word with another:",[38,137755,137757],{"className":40,"code":137756,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\n\nprint(text)\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,137758,137759,137771,137801,137805,137815],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,137760,137761,137763,137765,137767,137769],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,137762,68],{"class":53},[47,137764,58],{"class":57},[47,137766,303],{"class":151},[47,137768,137588],{"class":155},[47,137770,820],{"class":151},[47,137772,137773,137775,137777,137779,137781,137783,137785,137787,137789,137791,137793,137795,137797,137799],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,137774,129941],{"class":53},[47,137776,58],{"class":57},[47,137778,42772],{"class":53},[47,137780,914],{"class":77},[47,137782,34932],{"class":81},[47,137784,78],{"class":77},[47,137786,309],{"class":151},[47,137788,137609],{"class":155},[47,137790,309],{"class":151},[47,137792,668],{"class":77},[47,137794,303],{"class":151},[47,137796,137618],{"class":155},[47,137798,309],{"class":151},[47,137800,85],{"class":77},[47,137802,137803],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,137804,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,137806,137807,137809,137811,137813],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,137808,99],{"class":98},[47,137810,78],{"class":77},[47,137812,104],{"class":81},[47,137814,85],{"class":77},[47,137816,137817,137819,137821,137823],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,137818,99],{"class":98},[47,137820,78],{"class":77},[47,137822,129972],{"class":81},[47,137824,85],{"class":77},[20,137826,129],{},[38,137828,137830],{"className":40,"code":137829,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"I like cats\nI like dogs\n",[15,137831,137832,137837],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,137833,137834],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,137835,137836],{"class":53},"I like cats\n",[47,137838,137839],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,137840,137637],{"class":53},[20,137842,137843],{},"Notice what happened:",[185,137845,137846,137851],{},[188,137847,137848,137850],{},[15,137849,104],{}," did not change",[188,137852,137853,137855],{},[15,137854,129972],{}," contains the updated value",[20,137857,137858,137859,137861,137862,137864],{},"This happens because strings are ",[127,137860,136737],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change a string in place. Methods like ",[15,137863,124273],{}," return a new string instead.",[33,137866,137868],{"id":137867},"replace-only-the-first-matches","Replace only the first matches",[20,137870,89622,137871,137873],{},[15,137872,124273],{}," changes every matching part of the string.",[20,137875,137876,137877,36555],{},"If you only want to replace the first 1 or 2 matches, use the optional ",[15,137878,41193],{},[373,137880,137882],{"id":137881},"replace-only-the-first-match","Replace only the first match",[38,137884,137886],{"className":40,"code":137885,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 1)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137887,137888,137901,137935,137939],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,137889,137890,137892,137894,137896,137899],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,137891,68],{"class":53},[47,137893,58],{"class":57},[47,137895,303],{"class":151},[47,137897,137898],{"class":155},"cat cat cat",[47,137900,820],{"class":151},[47,137902,137903,137905,137907,137909,137911,137913,137915,137917,137919,137921,137923,137925,137927,137929,137931,137933],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,137904,2184],{"class":53},[47,137906,58],{"class":57},[47,137908,42772],{"class":53},[47,137910,914],{"class":77},[47,137912,34932],{"class":81},[47,137914,78],{"class":77},[47,137916,309],{"class":151},[47,137918,36981],{"class":155},[47,137920,309],{"class":151},[47,137922,668],{"class":77},[47,137924,303],{"class":151},[47,137926,58054],{"class":155},[47,137928,309],{"class":151},[47,137930,668],{"class":77},[47,137932,5431],{"class":61},[47,137934,85],{"class":77},[47,137936,137937],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,137938,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,137940,137941,137943,137945,137947],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,137942,99],{"class":98},[47,137944,78],{"class":77},[47,137946,2218],{"class":81},[47,137948,85],{"class":77},[20,137950,129],{},[38,137952,137954],{"className":40,"code":137953,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dog cat cat\n",[15,137955,137956],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,137957,137958],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,137959,137953],{"class":53},[373,137961,137963],{"id":137962},"replace-only-the-first-2-matches","Replace only the first 2 matches",[38,137965,137967],{"className":40,"code":137966,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137968,137969,137981,138015,138019],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,137970,137971,137973,137975,137977,137979],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,137972,68],{"class":53},[47,137974,58],{"class":57},[47,137976,303],{"class":151},[47,137978,137898],{"class":155},[47,137980,820],{"class":151},[47,137982,137983,137985,137987,137989,137991,137993,137995,137997,137999,138001,138003,138005,138007,138009,138011,138013],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,137984,2184],{"class":53},[47,137986,58],{"class":57},[47,137988,42772],{"class":53},[47,137990,914],{"class":77},[47,137992,34932],{"class":81},[47,137994,78],{"class":77},[47,137996,309],{"class":151},[47,137998,36981],{"class":155},[47,138000,309],{"class":151},[47,138002,668],{"class":77},[47,138004,303],{"class":151},[47,138006,58054],{"class":155},[47,138008,309],{"class":151},[47,138010,668],{"class":77},[47,138012,671],{"class":61},[47,138014,85],{"class":77},[47,138016,138017],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,138018,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,138020,138021,138023,138025,138027],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,138022,99],{"class":98},[47,138024,78],{"class":77},[47,138026,2218],{"class":81},[47,138028,85],{"class":77},[20,138030,129],{},[38,138032,138034],{"className":40,"code":138033,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dog dog cat\n",[15,138035,138036],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138037,138038],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138039,138033],{"class":53},[20,138041,138042],{},"This is useful when you do not want to replace every match in the string.",[20,138044,138045,138046,914],{},"For more practical examples, see ",[360,138047,127826],{"href":124270},[33,138049,138051],{"id":138050},"replacing-characters-and-spaces","Replacing characters and spaces",[20,138053,138054,138056],{},[15,138055,124273],{}," can also change single characters.",[373,138058,138060],{"id":138059},"replace-one-character","Replace one character",[38,138062,138064],{"className":40,"code":138063,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = text.replace(\"a\", \"o\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138065,138066,138078,138108,138112],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138067,138068,138070,138072,138074,138076],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138069,68],{"class":53},[47,138071,58],{"class":57},[47,138073,303],{"class":151},[47,138075,1434],{"class":155},[47,138077,820],{"class":151},[47,138079,138080,138082,138084,138086,138088,138090,138092,138094,138096,138098,138100,138102,138104,138106],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,138081,2184],{"class":53},[47,138083,58],{"class":57},[47,138085,42772],{"class":53},[47,138087,914],{"class":77},[47,138089,34932],{"class":81},[47,138091,78],{"class":77},[47,138093,309],{"class":151},[47,138095,360],{"class":155},[47,138097,309],{"class":151},[47,138099,668],{"class":77},[47,138101,303],{"class":151},[47,138103,60401],{"class":155},[47,138105,309],{"class":151},[47,138107,85],{"class":77},[47,138109,138110],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,138111,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,138113,138114,138116,138118,138120],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,138115,99],{"class":98},[47,138117,78],{"class":77},[47,138119,2218],{"class":81},[47,138121,85],{"class":77},[20,138123,129],{},[38,138125,138127],{"className":40,"code":138126,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"bonono\n",[15,138128,138129],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138130,138131],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138132,138126],{"class":53},[373,138134,138136],{"id":138135},"remove-spaces","Remove spaces",[20,138138,138139],{},"You can remove text by replacing it with an empty string:",[38,138141,138143],{"className":40,"code":138142,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"a b c\"\nresult = text.replace(\" \", \"\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138144,138145,138158,138182,138186],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138146,138147,138149,138151,138153,138156],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138148,68],{"class":53},[47,138150,58],{"class":57},[47,138152,303],{"class":151},[47,138154,138155],{"class":155},"a b c",[47,138157,820],{"class":151},[47,138159,138160,138162,138164,138166,138168,138170,138172,138174,138176,138178,138180],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,138161,2184],{"class":53},[47,138163,58],{"class":57},[47,138165,42772],{"class":53},[47,138167,914],{"class":77},[47,138169,34932],{"class":81},[47,138171,78],{"class":77},[47,138173,309],{"class":151},[47,138175,303],{"class":151},[47,138177,668],{"class":77},[47,138179,6061],{"class":151},[47,138181,85],{"class":77},[47,138183,138184],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,138185,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,138187,138188,138190,138192,138194],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,138189,99],{"class":98},[47,138191,78],{"class":77},[47,138193,2218],{"class":81},[47,138195,85],{"class":77},[20,138197,129],{},[38,138199,138201],{"className":40,"code":138200,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"abc\n",[15,138202,138203],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138204,138205],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138206,138200],{"class":53},[20,138208,138209],{},"This is useful for simple cleanup tasks.",[20,138211,138212,138213,138217,138218,138222],{},"If you need to split text into parts instead of replacing it, see the ",[360,138214,126102,138215,10673],{"href":128789},[15,138216,60459],{},". If you only want to remove spaces at the beginning or end, the ",[360,138219,126102,138220,10673],{"href":136672},[15,138221,41587],{}," is often a better choice.",[33,138224,123749],{"id":123748},[20,138226,138227,123560],{},[15,138228,124273],{},[20,138230,127147,138231,4329,138233,127154],{},[15,138232,112954],{},[15,138234,138235],{},"\"Cat\"",[38,138237,138239],{"className":40,"code":138238,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Cat cat CAT\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138240,138241,138254,138284,138288],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138242,138243,138245,138247,138249,138252],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138244,68],{"class":53},[47,138246,58],{"class":57},[47,138248,303],{"class":151},[47,138250,138251],{"class":155},"Cat cat CAT",[47,138253,820],{"class":151},[47,138255,138256,138258,138260,138262,138264,138266,138268,138270,138272,138274,138276,138278,138280,138282],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,138257,2184],{"class":53},[47,138259,58],{"class":57},[47,138261,42772],{"class":53},[47,138263,914],{"class":77},[47,138265,34932],{"class":81},[47,138267,78],{"class":77},[47,138269,309],{"class":151},[47,138271,36981],{"class":155},[47,138273,309],{"class":151},[47,138275,668],{"class":77},[47,138277,303],{"class":151},[47,138279,58054],{"class":155},[47,138281,309],{"class":151},[47,138283,85],{"class":77},[47,138285,138286],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,138287,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,138289,138290,138292,138294,138296],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,138291,99],{"class":98},[47,138293,78],{"class":77},[47,138295,2218],{"class":81},[47,138297,85],{"class":77},[20,138299,129],{},[38,138301,138303],{"className":40,"code":138302,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Cat dog CAT\n",[15,138304,138305],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138306,138307,138310],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138308,138309],{"class":53},"Cat dog ",[47,138311,138312],{"class":34387},"CAT\n",[20,138314,138315,138316,138318],{},"Only the lowercase ",[15,138317,112954],{}," was replaced.",[20,138320,138321],{},"This is a common beginner problem. If your replacement is not happening, check the letter case carefully.",[20,138323,138324,138325,914],{},"In some cases, converting text first can help. For example, see the ",[360,138326,126102,138327,10673],{"href":123829},[15,138328,123832],{},[33,138330,172,138332,11639],{"id":138331},"what-replace-returns",[15,138333,124273],{},[20,138335,138336,138338],{},[15,138337,124273],{}," returns a new string.",[20,138340,138341],{},"If no match is found:",[185,138343,138344,138347],{},[188,138345,138346],{},"no error happens",[188,138348,138349],{},"the returned string has the same content as the original",[20,138351,800],{},[38,138353,138355],{"className":40,"code":138354,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\nresult = text.replace(\"x\", \"y\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138356,138357,138369,138399,138403],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138358,138359,138361,138363,138365,138367],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138360,68],{"class":53},[47,138362,58],{"class":57},[47,138364,303],{"class":151},[47,138366,3781],{"class":155},[47,138368,820],{"class":151},[47,138370,138371,138373,138375,138377,138379,138381,138383,138385,138387,138389,138391,138393,138395,138397],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,138372,2184],{"class":53},[47,138374,58],{"class":57},[47,138376,42772],{"class":53},[47,138378,914],{"class":77},[47,138380,34932],{"class":81},[47,138382,78],{"class":77},[47,138384,309],{"class":151},[47,138386,2131],{"class":155},[47,138388,309],{"class":151},[47,138390,668],{"class":77},[47,138392,303],{"class":151},[47,138394,11679],{"class":155},[47,138396,309],{"class":151},[47,138398,85],{"class":77},[47,138400,138401],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,138402,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,138404,138405,138407,138409,138411],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,138406,99],{"class":98},[47,138408,78],{"class":77},[47,138410,2218],{"class":81},[47,138412,85],{"class":77},[20,138414,129],{},[38,138416,138418],{"className":40,"code":138417,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"hello\n",[15,138419,138420],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138421,138422],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138423,138417],{"class":53},[20,138425,138426],{},"Usually, you either store the result in a new variable:",[38,138428,138430],{"className":40,"code":138429,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello world\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,138431,138432,138444],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138433,138434,138436,138438,138440,138442],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138435,68],{"class":53},[47,138437,58],{"class":57},[47,138439,303],{"class":151},[47,138441,60334],{"class":155},[47,138443,820],{"class":151},[47,138445,138446,138448,138450,138452,138454,138456,138458,138460,138462,138464,138466,138468,138470,138472],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,138447,129941],{"class":53},[47,138449,58],{"class":57},[47,138451,42772],{"class":53},[47,138453,914],{"class":77},[47,138455,34932],{"class":81},[47,138457,78],{"class":77},[47,138459,309],{"class":151},[47,138461,60519],{"class":155},[47,138463,309],{"class":151},[47,138465,668],{"class":77},[47,138467,303],{"class":151},[47,138469,7229],{"class":155},[47,138471,309],{"class":151},[47,138473,85],{"class":77},[20,138475,138476],{},"Or reassign it to the same variable:",[38,138478,138480],{"className":40,"code":138479,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello world\"\ntext = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,138481,138482,138494],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138483,138484,138486,138488,138490,138492],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138485,68],{"class":53},[47,138487,58],{"class":57},[47,138489,303],{"class":151},[47,138491,60334],{"class":155},[47,138493,820],{"class":151},[47,138495,138496,138498,138500,138502,138504,138506,138508,138510,138512,138514,138516,138518,138520,138522],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,138497,68],{"class":53},[47,138499,58],{"class":57},[47,138501,42772],{"class":53},[47,138503,914],{"class":77},[47,138505,34932],{"class":81},[47,138507,78],{"class":77},[47,138509,309],{"class":151},[47,138511,60519],{"class":155},[47,138513,309],{"class":151},[47,138515,668],{"class":77},[47,138517,303],{"class":151},[47,138519,7229],{"class":155},[47,138521,309],{"class":151},[47,138523,85],{"class":77},[33,138525,1131],{"id":1130},[20,138527,138528,138529,2826],{},"Here are some common mistakes when using ",[15,138530,124273],{},[185,138532,138533,138536,138540,138543],{},[188,138534,138535],{},"Forgetting to save the returned string",[188,138537,1400,138538,131322],{},[15,138539,124273],{},[188,138541,138542],{},"Using the wrong letter case",[188,138544,37138,138545,138547],{},[15,138546,124273],{}," with regex-based replacements",[373,138549,138551,138552,138554],{"id":138550},"mistake-calling-replace-without-assigning-the-result","Mistake: calling ",[15,138553,124273],{}," without assigning the result",[20,138556,138557,138558,2826],{},"This does not update ",[15,138559,104],{},[38,138561,138563],{"className":40,"code":138562,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,138564,138565,138577,138603],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138566,138567,138569,138571,138573,138575],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138568,68],{"class":53},[47,138570,58],{"class":57},[47,138572,303],{"class":151},[47,138574,137588],{"class":155},[47,138576,820],{"class":151},[47,138578,138579,138581,138583,138585,138587,138589,138591,138593,138595,138597,138599,138601],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,138580,104],{"class":53},[47,138582,914],{"class":77},[47,138584,34932],{"class":81},[47,138586,78],{"class":77},[47,138588,309],{"class":151},[47,138590,137609],{"class":155},[47,138592,309],{"class":151},[47,138594,668],{"class":77},[47,138596,303],{"class":151},[47,138598,137618],{"class":155},[47,138600,309],{"class":151},[47,138602,85],{"class":77},[47,138604,138605,138607,138609,138611],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,138606,99],{"class":98},[47,138608,78],{"class":77},[47,138610,104],{"class":81},[47,138612,85],{"class":77},[20,138614,129],{},[38,138616,138617],{"className":40,"code":137836,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,138618,138619],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138620,138621],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138622,137836],{"class":53},[20,138624,10740],{},[38,138626,138628],{"className":40,"code":138627,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,138629,138630,138642,138672],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138631,138632,138634,138636,138638,138640],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138633,68],{"class":53},[47,138635,58],{"class":57},[47,138637,303],{"class":151},[47,138639,137588],{"class":155},[47,138641,820],{"class":151},[47,138643,138644,138646,138648,138650,138652,138654,138656,138658,138660,138662,138664,138666,138668,138670],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,138645,68],{"class":53},[47,138647,58],{"class":57},[47,138649,42772],{"class":53},[47,138651,914],{"class":77},[47,138653,34932],{"class":81},[47,138655,78],{"class":77},[47,138657,309],{"class":151},[47,138659,137609],{"class":155},[47,138661,309],{"class":151},[47,138663,668],{"class":77},[47,138665,303],{"class":151},[47,138667,137618],{"class":155},[47,138669,309],{"class":151},[47,138671,85],{"class":77},[47,138673,138674,138676,138678,138680],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,138675,99],{"class":98},[47,138677,78],{"class":77},[47,138679,104],{"class":81},[47,138681,85],{"class":77},[20,138683,129],{},[38,138685,138686],{"className":40,"code":137637,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,138687,138688],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138689,138690],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138691,137637],{"class":53},[373,138693,138695],{"id":138694},"mistake-different-capitalization","Mistake: different capitalization",[38,138697,138699],{"className":40,"code":138698,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Hello\"\nprint(text.replace(\"hello\", \"Hi\"))\n",[15,138700,138701,138713],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138702,138703,138705,138707,138709,138711],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138704,68],{"class":53},[47,138706,58],{"class":57},[47,138708,303],{"class":151},[47,138710,34800],{"class":155},[47,138712,820],{"class":151},[47,138714,138715,138717,138719,138721,138723,138725,138727,138729,138731,138733,138735,138737,138739,138741],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,138716,99],{"class":98},[47,138718,78],{"class":77},[47,138720,104],{"class":81},[47,138722,914],{"class":77},[47,138724,34932],{"class":81},[47,138726,78],{"class":77},[47,138728,309],{"class":151},[47,138730,3781],{"class":155},[47,138732,309],{"class":151},[47,138734,668],{"class":77},[47,138736,303],{"class":151},[47,138738,89857],{"class":155},[47,138740,309],{"class":151},[47,138742,123],{"class":77},[20,138744,129],{},[38,138746,138747],{"className":40,"code":88872,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,138748,138749],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138750,138751],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138752,88872],{"class":53},[20,138754,138755,138756,4329,138758,138760],{},"Nothing changed because ",[15,138757,64462],{},[15,138759,90335],{}," are not the same.",[373,138762,138764],{"id":138763},"mistake-expecting-only-one-match-to-change","Mistake: expecting only one match to change",[38,138766,138768],{"className":40,"code":138767,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\"))\n",[15,138769,138770,138783],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138771,138772,138774,138776,138778,138781],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138773,68],{"class":53},[47,138775,58],{"class":57},[47,138777,303],{"class":151},[47,138779,138780],{"class":155},"red red red",[47,138782,820],{"class":151},[47,138784,138785,138787,138789,138791,138793,138795,138797,138799,138801,138803,138805,138807,138809,138811],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,138786,99],{"class":98},[47,138788,78],{"class":77},[47,138790,104],{"class":81},[47,138792,914],{"class":77},[47,138794,34932],{"class":81},[47,138796,78],{"class":77},[47,138798,309],{"class":151},[47,138800,13027],{"class":155},[47,138802,309],{"class":151},[47,138804,668],{"class":77},[47,138806,303],{"class":151},[47,138808,13044],{"class":155},[47,138810,309],{"class":151},[47,138812,123],{"class":77},[20,138814,129],{},[38,138816,138818],{"className":40,"code":138817,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"blue blue blue\n",[15,138819,138820],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138821,138822],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138823,138817],{"class":53},[20,138825,138826,138827,2826],{},"If you want only one replacement, use ",[15,138828,41193],{},[38,138830,138832],{"className":40,"code":138831,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\", 1))\n",[15,138833,138834,138846],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138835,138836,138838,138840,138842,138844],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138837,68],{"class":53},[47,138839,58],{"class":57},[47,138841,303],{"class":151},[47,138843,138780],{"class":155},[47,138845,820],{"class":151},[47,138847,138848,138850,138852,138854,138856,138858,138860,138862,138864,138866,138868,138870,138872,138874,138876,138878],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,138849,99],{"class":98},[47,138851,78],{"class":77},[47,138853,104],{"class":81},[47,138855,914],{"class":77},[47,138857,34932],{"class":81},[47,138859,78],{"class":77},[47,138861,309],{"class":151},[47,138863,13027],{"class":155},[47,138865,309],{"class":151},[47,138867,668],{"class":77},[47,138869,303],{"class":151},[47,138871,13044],{"class":155},[47,138873,309],{"class":151},[47,138875,668],{"class":77},[47,138877,5431],{"class":61},[47,138879,123],{"class":77},[20,138881,129],{},[38,138883,138885],{"className":40,"code":138884,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"blue red red\n",[15,138886,138887],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138888,138889],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138890,138884],{"class":53},[373,138892,138894,138895,138897],{"id":138893},"mistake-using-replace-for-the-wrong-task","Mistake: using ",[15,138896,124273],{}," for the wrong task",[20,138899,138900],{},"Sometimes another method is a better fit:",[185,138902,138903,138910,138917],{},[188,138904,165,138905,138909],{},[360,138906,138907],{"href":128789},[15,138908,60459],{}," to break a string into a list",[188,138911,165,138912,138916],{},[360,138913,138914],{"href":136672},[15,138915,41587],{}," to remove whitespace from the start or end",[188,138918,165,138919,138921],{},[15,138920,124273],{}," for direct text replacement, not pattern matching",[33,138923,1762],{"id":1761},[373,138925,1776,138927,124429],{"id":138926},"does-replace-change-the-original-string",[15,138928,124273],{},[20,138930,138931],{},"No. It returns a new string. Strings in Python cannot be changed in place.",[373,138933,138935],{"id":138934},"what-happens-if-the-text-is-not-found","What happens if the text is not found?",[20,138937,138938],{},"No error is raised. The returned string will have the same content as the original.",[373,138940,138942],{"id":138941},"how-do-i-replace-only-the-first-match","How do I replace only the first match?",[20,138944,138945],{},"Use the third argument:",[38,138947,138949],{"className":40,"code":138948,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text.replace(old, new, 1)\n",[15,138950,138951],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138952,138953,138955,138957,138959,138961,138963,138965,138967,138969,138971],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138954,104],{"class":53},[47,138956,914],{"class":77},[47,138958,34932],{"class":81},[47,138960,78],{"class":77},[47,138962,137699],{"class":81},[47,138964,668],{"class":77},[47,138966,137704],{"class":81},[47,138968,668],{"class":77},[47,138970,5431],{"class":61},[47,138972,85],{"class":77},[373,138974,1786,138976,138978],{"id":138975},"can-replace-remove-text",[15,138977,124273],{}," remove text?",[20,138980,138981],{},"Yes. Replace the target text with an empty string:",[38,138983,138985],{"className":40,"code":138984,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text.replace(\"x\", \"\")\n",[15,138986,138987],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138988,138989,138991,138993,138995,138997,138999,139001,139003,139005,139007],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138990,104],{"class":53},[47,138992,914],{"class":77},[47,138994,34932],{"class":81},[47,138996,78],{"class":77},[47,138998,309],{"class":151},[47,139000,2131],{"class":155},[47,139002,309],{"class":151},[47,139004,668],{"class":77},[47,139006,6061],{"class":151},[47,139008,85],{"class":77},[373,139010,1806,139012,124438],{"id":139011},"is-replace-case-sensitive",[15,139013,124273],{},[20,139015,129631],{},[33,139017,1825],{"id":1824},[185,139019,139020,139024,139030,139036,139042],{},[188,139021,139022],{},[360,139023,124508],{"href":124270},[188,139025,139026],{},[360,139027,126102,139028,10673],{"href":128789},[15,139029,60459],{},[188,139031,139032],{},[360,139033,126102,139034,10673],{"href":136672},[15,139035,41587],{},[188,139037,139038],{},[360,139039,126102,139040,10673],{"href":123829},[15,139041,123832],{},[188,139043,139044],{},[360,139045,124857],{"href":50901},[1875,139047,139048],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":65,"depth":65,"links":139050},[139051,139052,139054,139057,139058,139062,139066,139067,139069,139077,139087],{"id":35,"depth":65,"text":36},{"id":137652,"depth":65,"text":139053},"What replace() does",{"id":5363,"depth":65,"text":5364,"children":139055},[139056],{"id":17330,"depth":88,"text":17331},{"id":5720,"depth":65,"text":5721},{"id":137867,"depth":65,"text":137868,"children":139059},[139060,139061],{"id":137881,"depth":88,"text":137882},{"id":137962,"depth":88,"text":137963},{"id":138050,"depth":65,"text":138051,"children":139063},[139064,139065],{"id":138059,"depth":88,"text":138060},{"id":138135,"depth":88,"text":138136},{"id":123748,"depth":65,"text":123749},{"id":138331,"depth":65,"text":139068},"What replace() returns",{"id":1130,"depth":65,"text":1131,"children":139070},[139071,139073,139074,139075],{"id":138550,"depth":88,"text":139072},"Mistake: calling replace() without assigning the result",{"id":138694,"depth":88,"text":138695},{"id":138763,"depth":88,"text":138764},{"id":138893,"depth":88,"text":139076},"Mistake: using replace() for the wrong task",{"id":1761,"depth":65,"text":1762,"children":139078},[139079,139081,139082,139083,139085],{"id":138926,"depth":88,"text":139080},"Does replace() change the original string?",{"id":138934,"depth":88,"text":138935},{"id":138941,"depth":88,"text":138942},{"id":138975,"depth":88,"text":139084},"Can replace() remove text?",{"id":139011,"depth":88,"text":139086},"Is replace() case-sensitive?",{"id":1824,"depth":65,"text":1825},"Master python string replace method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method",{"title":137537,"description":139088},"reference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method","lYZLw0KoN3c2cS-3ldMsrOTghF8no1rzCHdzSFeQbp8",{"id":139095,"title":139096,"body":139097,"description":141116,"extension":1922,"meta":141117,"navigation":91,"path":141118,"seo":141119,"stem":141120,"__hash__":141121},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method.md","Python String split() Method",{"type":7,"value":139098,"toc":141080},[139099,139104,139109,139112,139123,139125,139180,139185,139190,139197,139199,139214,139216,139272,139274,139312,139317,139319,139343,139346,139359,139364,139366,139398,139400,139433,139439,139444,139447,139457,139460,139462,139518,139520,139570,139573,139581,139584,139640,139642,139715,139728,139736,139740,139751,139754,139757,139810,139812,139844,139847,139901,139903,139938,139941,139946,139951,139956,139959,139961,140019,140021,140055,140057,140072,140075,140077,140119,140121,140147,140152,140160,140163,140165,140247,140249,140300,140303,140314,140322,140324,140397,140399,140417,140421,140424,140428,140455,140457,140465,140469,140504,140506,140519,140523,140526,140565,140567,140584,140589,140594,140605,140608,140619,140621,140623,140649,140652,140701,140703,140720,140723,140725,140777,140779,140811,140814,140872,140877,140879,140884,140987,140989,141003,141005,141012,141017,141022,141027,141032,141037,141040,141044,141049,141051,141077],[10,139100,123102,139102,11256],{"id":139101},"python-string-split-method",[15,139103,60459],{},[20,139105,123107,139106,139108],{},[15,139107,60459],{}," method breaks a string into smaller parts and returns those parts as a list.",[20,139110,139111],{},"Use it when you want to turn one string into multiple strings, such as:",[185,139113,139114,139117,139120],{},[188,139115,139116],{},"splitting a sentence into words",[188,139118,139119],{},"splitting comma-separated text",[188,139121,139122],{},"breaking simple structured text into pieces",[33,139124,36],{"id":35},[38,139126,139128],{"className":40,"code":139127,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\nprint(parts)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,139129,139130,139143,139165,139175],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,139131,139132,139134,139136,139138,139141],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139133,68],{"class":53},[47,139135,58],{"class":57},[47,139137,303],{"class":151},[47,139139,139140],{"class":155},"apple,banana,cherry",[47,139142,820],{"class":151},[47,139144,139145,139147,139149,139151,139153,139155,139157,139159,139161,139163],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,139146,42767],{"class":53},[47,139148,58],{"class":57},[47,139150,42772],{"class":53},[47,139152,914],{"class":77},[47,139154,34403],{"class":81},[47,139156,78],{"class":77},[47,139158,309],{"class":151},[47,139160,668],{"class":155},[47,139162,309],{"class":151},[47,139164,85],{"class":77},[47,139166,139167,139169,139171,139173],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,139168,99],{"class":98},[47,139170,78],{"class":77},[47,139172,42799],{"class":81},[47,139174,85],{"class":77},[47,139176,139177],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,139178,139179],{"class":1378},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[20,139181,165,139182,139184],{},[15,139183,60459],{}," when you want to turn one string into a list of smaller strings.",[33,139186,172,139188,175],{"id":139187},"what-split-does",[15,139189,60459],{},[20,139191,139192,132150,139194,914],{},[15,139193,60459],{},[127,139195,139196],{},"string method",[20,139198,48852],{},[185,139200,139201,139204,139209],{},[188,139202,139203],{},"divides a string into parts",[188,139205,119570,139206],{},[127,139207,139208],{},"new list of strings",[188,139210,119576,139211,139213],{},[127,139212,768],{}," change the original string",[20,139215,800],{},[38,139217,139219],{"className":40,"code":139218,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"red blue green\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(text)\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139220,139221,139234,139248,139252,139262],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,139222,139223,139225,139227,139229,139232],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139224,68],{"class":53},[47,139226,58],{"class":57},[47,139228,303],{"class":151},[47,139230,139231],{"class":155},"red blue green",[47,139233,820],{"class":151},[47,139235,139236,139238,139240,139242,139244,139246],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,139237,42767],{"class":53},[47,139239,58],{"class":57},[47,139241,42772],{"class":53},[47,139243,914],{"class":77},[47,139245,34403],{"class":81},[47,139247,8574],{"class":77},[47,139249,139250],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,139251,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,139253,139254,139256,139258,139260],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,139255,99],{"class":98},[47,139257,78],{"class":77},[47,139259,104],{"class":81},[47,139261,85],{"class":77},[47,139263,139264,139266,139268,139270],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,139265,99],{"class":98},[47,139267,78],{"class":77},[47,139269,42799],{"class":81},[47,139271,85],{"class":77},[20,139273,129],{},[38,139275,139277],{"className":40,"code":139276,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"red blue green\n['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,139278,139279,139284],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,139280,139281],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139282,139283],{"class":53},"red blue green\n",[47,139285,139286,139288,139290,139292,139294,139296,139298,139300,139302,139304,139306,139308,139310],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,139287,736],{"class":77},[47,139289,159],{"class":151},[47,139291,13027],{"class":155},[47,139293,159],{"class":151},[47,139295,668],{"class":77},[47,139297,152],{"class":151},[47,139299,13044],{"class":155},[47,139301,159],{"class":151},[47,139303,668],{"class":77},[47,139305,152],{"class":151},[47,139307,17390],{"class":155},[47,139309,159],{"class":151},[47,139311,679],{"class":77},[20,139313,139314,139315,914],{},"If you are new to string methods, see ",[360,139316,124857],{"href":50901},[33,139318,245],{"id":244},[38,139320,139322],{"className":40,"code":139321,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"string.split(separator, maxsplit)\n",[15,139323,139324],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,139325,139326,139328,139330,139332,139334,139336,139338,139341],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139327,61102],{"class":53},[47,139329,914],{"class":77},[47,139331,34403],{"class":81},[47,139333,78],{"class":77},[47,139335,133506],{"class":81},[47,139337,668],{"class":77},[47,139339,139340],{"class":81}," maxsplit",[47,139342,85],{"class":77},[20,139344,139345],{},"Both arguments are optional:",[185,139347,139348,139353],{},[188,139349,139350,139352],{},[15,139351,133506],{}," tells Python where to split",[188,139354,139355,139358],{},[15,139356,139357],{},"maxsplit"," limits how many splits happen",[20,139360,8807,139361,139363],{},[15,139362,133506],{}," is not given, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,139365,800],{},[38,139367,139369],{"className":40,"code":139368,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"one two three\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,139370,139371,139384],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,139372,139373,139375,139377,139379,139382],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139374,68],{"class":53},[47,139376,58],{"class":57},[47,139378,303],{"class":151},[47,139380,139381],{"class":155},"one two three",[47,139383,820],{"class":151},[47,139385,139386,139388,139390,139392,139394,139396],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,139387,99],{"class":98},[47,139389,78],{"class":77},[47,139391,104],{"class":81},[47,139393,914],{"class":77},[47,139395,34403],{"class":81},[47,139397,7127],{"class":77},[20,139399,129],{},[38,139401,139403],{"className":40,"code":139402,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['one', 'two', 'three']\n",[15,139404,139405],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,139406,139407,139409,139411,139413,139415,139417,139419,139421,139423,139425,139427,139429,139431],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139408,736],{"class":77},[47,139410,159],{"class":151},[47,139412,6519],{"class":155},[47,139414,159],{"class":151},[47,139416,668],{"class":77},[47,139418,152],{"class":151},[47,139420,79195],{"class":155},[47,139422,159],{"class":151},[47,139424,668],{"class":77},[47,139426,152],{"class":151},[47,139428,133988],{"class":155},[47,139430,159],{"class":151},[47,139432,679],{"class":77},[33,139434,1335,139436,139438],{"id":139435},"using-split-with-no-separator",[15,139437,60459],{}," with no separator",[20,139440,70101,139441,139443],{},[15,139442,60459],{}," with no argument, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,139445,139446],{},"Whitespace includes:",[185,139448,139449,139451,139454],{},[188,139450,10384],{},[188,139452,139453],{},"tabs",[188,139455,139456],{},"new lines",[20,139458,139459],{},"Python also treats repeated whitespace as a single separator.",[20,139461,800],{},[38,139463,139465],{"className":40,"code":139464,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Python   is\\tfun\\nand useful\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139466,139467,139490,139504,139508],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,139468,139469,139471,139473,139475,139478,139481,139483,139485,139488],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139470,68],{"class":53},[47,139472,58],{"class":57},[47,139474,303],{"class":151},[47,139476,139477],{"class":155},"Python   is",[47,139479,139480],{"class":34387},"\\t",[47,139482,133242],{"class":155},[47,139484,87076],{"class":34387},[47,139486,139487],{"class":155},"and useful",[47,139489,820],{"class":151},[47,139491,139492,139494,139496,139498,139500,139502],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,139493,42767],{"class":53},[47,139495,58],{"class":57},[47,139497,42772],{"class":53},[47,139499,914],{"class":77},[47,139501,34403],{"class":81},[47,139503,8574],{"class":77},[47,139505,139506],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,139507,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,139509,139510,139512,139514,139516],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,139511,99],{"class":98},[47,139513,78],{"class":77},[47,139515,42799],{"class":81},[47,139517,85],{"class":77},[20,139519,129],{},[38,139521,139523],{"className":40,"code":139522,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['Python', 'is', 'fun', 'and', 'useful']\n",[15,139524,139525],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,139526,139527,139529,139531,139533,139535,139537,139539,139541,139543,139545,139547,139549,139551,139553,139555,139557,139559,139561,139563,139566,139568],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139528,736],{"class":77},[47,139530,159],{"class":151},[47,139532,7229],{"class":155},[47,139534,159],{"class":151},[47,139536,668],{"class":77},[47,139538,152],{"class":151},[47,139540,353],{"class":155},[47,139542,159],{"class":151},[47,139544,668],{"class":77},[47,139546,152],{"class":151},[47,139548,133242],{"class":155},[47,139550,159],{"class":151},[47,139552,668],{"class":77},[47,139554,152],{"class":151},[47,139556,129867],{"class":155},[47,139558,159],{"class":151},[47,139560,668],{"class":77},[47,139562,152],{"class":151},[47,139564,139565],{"class":155},"useful",[47,139567,159],{"class":151},[47,139569,679],{"class":77},[20,139571,139572],{},"This is useful when you want simple word splitting.",[373,139574,139576,920,139578],{"id":139575},"split-vs-split",[15,139577,60459],{},[15,139579,139580],{},"split(' ')",[20,139582,139583],{},"These are not the same.",[38,139585,139587],{"className":40,"code":139586,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"a  b   c\"\n\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(\" \"))\n",[15,139588,139589,139602,139606,139620],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,139590,139591,139593,139595,139597,139600],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139592,68],{"class":53},[47,139594,58],{"class":57},[47,139596,303],{"class":151},[47,139598,139599],{"class":155},"a  b   c",[47,139601,820],{"class":151},[47,139603,139604],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,139605,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,139607,139608,139610,139612,139614,139616,139618],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,139609,99],{"class":98},[47,139611,78],{"class":77},[47,139613,104],{"class":81},[47,139615,914],{"class":77},[47,139617,34403],{"class":81},[47,139619,7127],{"class":77},[47,139621,139622,139624,139626,139628,139630,139632,139634,139636,139638],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,139623,99],{"class":98},[47,139625,78],{"class":77},[47,139627,104],{"class":81},[47,139629,914],{"class":77},[47,139631,34403],{"class":81},[47,139633,78],{"class":77},[47,139635,309],{"class":151},[47,139637,303],{"class":151},[47,139639,123],{"class":77},[20,139641,129],{},[38,139643,139645],{"className":40,"code":139644,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', '', 'b', '', '', 'c']\n",[15,139646,139647,139675],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,139648,139649,139651,139653,139655,139657,139659,139661,139663,139665,139667,139669,139671,139673],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139650,736],{"class":77},[47,139652,159],{"class":151},[47,139654,360],{"class":155},[47,139656,159],{"class":151},[47,139658,668],{"class":77},[47,139660,152],{"class":151},[47,139662,4696],{"class":155},[47,139664,159],{"class":151},[47,139666,668],{"class":77},[47,139668,152],{"class":151},[47,139670,9671],{"class":155},[47,139672,159],{"class":151},[47,139674,679],{"class":77},[47,139676,139677,139679,139681,139683,139685,139687,139689,139691,139693,139695,139697,139699,139701,139703,139705,139707,139709,139711,139713],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,139678,736],{"class":77},[47,139680,159],{"class":151},[47,139682,360],{"class":155},[47,139684,159],{"class":151},[47,139686,668],{"class":77},[47,139688,3774],{"class":151},[47,139690,668],{"class":77},[47,139692,152],{"class":151},[47,139694,4696],{"class":155},[47,139696,159],{"class":151},[47,139698,668],{"class":77},[47,139700,3774],{"class":151},[47,139702,668],{"class":77},[47,139704,3774],{"class":151},[47,139706,668],{"class":77},[47,139708,152],{"class":151},[47,139710,9671],{"class":155},[47,139712,159],{"class":151},[47,139714,679],{"class":77},[185,139716,139717,139722],{},[188,139718,139719,139721],{},[15,139720,60459],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces",[188,139723,139724,139727],{},[15,139725,139726],{},"split(\" \")"," only splits on the space character and can create empty strings",[20,139729,139730,139731,139735],{},"If you need to clean extra spaces before or after text, ",[360,139732,126102,139733,10673],{"href":136672},[15,139734,41587],{}," is often useful.",[33,139737,139739],{"id":139738},"using-a-custom-separator","Using a custom separator",[20,139741,139742,139743,1752,139746,2148,139748,914],{},"You can pass your own separator, such as ",[15,139744,139745],{},"\",\"",[15,139747,133341],{},[15,139749,139750],{},"\"::\"",[20,139752,139753],{},"Python splits only where that exact separator appears.",[20,139755,139756],{},"Example with commas:",[38,139758,139760],{"className":40,"code":139759,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139761,139762,139774,139796,139800],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,139763,139764,139766,139768,139770,139772],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139765,68],{"class":53},[47,139767,58],{"class":57},[47,139769,303],{"class":151},[47,139771,139140],{"class":155},[47,139773,820],{"class":151},[47,139775,139776,139778,139780,139782,139784,139786,139788,139790,139792,139794],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,139777,42767],{"class":53},[47,139779,58],{"class":57},[47,139781,42772],{"class":53},[47,139783,914],{"class":77},[47,139785,34403],{"class":81},[47,139787,78],{"class":77},[47,139789,309],{"class":151},[47,139791,668],{"class":155},[47,139793,309],{"class":151},[47,139795,85],{"class":77},[47,139797,139798],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,139799,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,139801,139802,139804,139806,139808],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,139803,99],{"class":98},[47,139805,78],{"class":77},[47,139807,42799],{"class":81},[47,139809,85],{"class":77},[20,139811,129],{},[38,139813,139814],{"className":40,"code":78374,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,139815,139816],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,139817,139818,139820,139822,139824,139826,139828,139830,139832,139834,139836,139838,139840,139842],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139819,736],{"class":77},[47,139821,159],{"class":151},[47,139823,1425],{"class":155},[47,139825,159],{"class":151},[47,139827,668],{"class":77},[47,139829,152],{"class":151},[47,139831,1434],{"class":155},[47,139833,159],{"class":151},[47,139835,668],{"class":77},[47,139837,152],{"class":151},[47,139839,4031],{"class":155},[47,139841,159],{"class":151},[47,139843,679],{"class":77},[20,139845,139846],{},"Example with a longer separator:",[38,139848,139850],{"className":40,"code":139849,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"2024::10::31\"\nparts = text.split(\"::\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139851,139852,139865,139887,139891],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,139853,139854,139856,139858,139860,139863],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139855,68],{"class":53},[47,139857,58],{"class":57},[47,139859,303],{"class":151},[47,139861,139862],{"class":155},"2024::10::31",[47,139864,820],{"class":151},[47,139866,139867,139869,139871,139873,139875,139877,139879,139881,139883,139885],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,139868,42767],{"class":53},[47,139870,58],{"class":57},[47,139872,42772],{"class":53},[47,139874,914],{"class":77},[47,139876,34403],{"class":81},[47,139878,78],{"class":77},[47,139880,309],{"class":151},[47,139882,76591],{"class":155},[47,139884,309],{"class":151},[47,139886,85],{"class":77},[47,139888,139889],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,139890,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,139892,139893,139895,139897,139899],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,139894,99],{"class":98},[47,139896,78],{"class":77},[47,139898,42799],{"class":81},[47,139900,85],{"class":77},[20,139902,129],{},[38,139904,139906],{"className":40,"code":139905,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['2024', '10', '31']\n",[15,139907,139908],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,139909,139910,139912,139914,139917,139919,139921,139923,139925,139927,139929,139931,139934,139936],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139911,736],{"class":77},[47,139913,159],{"class":151},[47,139915,139916],{"class":155},"2024",[47,139918,159],{"class":151},[47,139920,668],{"class":77},[47,139922,152],{"class":151},[47,139924,193],{"class":155},[47,139926,159],{"class":151},[47,139928,668],{"class":77},[47,139930,152],{"class":151},[47,139932,139933],{"class":155},"31",[47,139935,159],{"class":151},[47,139937,679],{"class":77},[20,139939,139940],{},"This is common when working with simple data formats.",[20,139942,139943,139944,914],{},"For more task-focused examples, see ",[360,139945,128786],{"href":128785},[33,139947,1335,139949],{"id":139948},"using-maxsplit",[15,139950,139357],{},[20,139952,139953,139955],{},[15,139954,139357],{}," limits the number of splits.",[20,139957,139958],{},"After that limit is reached, the rest of the string stays together in the last item.",[20,139960,800],{},[38,139962,139964],{"className":40,"code":139963,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"name:age:city:country\"\nparts = text.split(\":\", 2)\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139965,139966,139979,140005,140009],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,139967,139968,139970,139972,139974,139977],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139969,68],{"class":53},[47,139971,58],{"class":57},[47,139973,303],{"class":151},[47,139975,139976],{"class":155},"name:age:city:country",[47,139978,820],{"class":151},[47,139980,139981,139983,139985,139987,139989,139991,139993,139995,139997,139999,140001,140003],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,139982,42767],{"class":53},[47,139984,58],{"class":57},[47,139986,42772],{"class":53},[47,139988,914],{"class":77},[47,139990,34403],{"class":81},[47,139992,78],{"class":77},[47,139994,309],{"class":151},[47,139996,2826],{"class":155},[47,139998,309],{"class":151},[47,140000,668],{"class":77},[47,140002,671],{"class":61},[47,140004,85],{"class":77},[47,140006,140007],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,140008,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,140010,140011,140013,140015,140017],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,140012,99],{"class":98},[47,140014,78],{"class":77},[47,140016,42799],{"class":81},[47,140018,85],{"class":77},[20,140020,129],{},[38,140022,140024],{"className":40,"code":140023,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['name', 'age', 'city:country']\n",[15,140025,140026],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140027,140028,140030,140032,140034,140036,140038,140040,140042,140044,140046,140048,140051,140053],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140029,736],{"class":77},[47,140031,159],{"class":151},[47,140033,7601],{"class":155},[47,140035,159],{"class":151},[47,140037,668],{"class":77},[47,140039,152],{"class":151},[47,140041,82],{"class":155},[47,140043,159],{"class":151},[47,140045,668],{"class":77},[47,140047,152],{"class":151},[47,140049,140050],{"class":155},"city:country",[47,140052,159],{"class":151},[47,140054,679],{"class":77},[20,140056,2136],{},[185,140058,140059,140064,140069],{},[188,140060,140061,140062],{},"Python splits at the first ",[15,140063,2826],{},[188,140065,140066,140067],{},"then splits at the second ",[15,140068,2826],{},[188,140070,140071],{},"then stops",[20,140073,140074],{},"This is useful when only the first few separators matter.",[20,140076,52006],{},[38,140078,140080],{"className":40,"code":140079,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"apple banana cherry grape\"\nprint(text.split(\" \", 1))\n",[15,140081,140082,140095],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140083,140084,140086,140088,140090,140093],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140085,68],{"class":53},[47,140087,58],{"class":57},[47,140089,303],{"class":151},[47,140091,140092],{"class":155},"apple banana cherry grape",[47,140094,820],{"class":151},[47,140096,140097,140099,140101,140103,140105,140107,140109,140111,140113,140115,140117],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,140098,99],{"class":98},[47,140100,78],{"class":77},[47,140102,104],{"class":81},[47,140104,914],{"class":77},[47,140106,34403],{"class":81},[47,140108,78],{"class":77},[47,140110,309],{"class":151},[47,140112,303],{"class":151},[47,140114,668],{"class":77},[47,140116,5431],{"class":61},[47,140118,123],{"class":77},[20,140120,129],{},[38,140122,140124],{"className":40,"code":140123,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['apple', 'banana cherry grape']\n",[15,140125,140126],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140127,140128,140130,140132,140134,140136,140138,140140,140143,140145],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140129,736],{"class":77},[47,140131,159],{"class":151},[47,140133,1425],{"class":155},[47,140135,159],{"class":151},[47,140137,668],{"class":77},[47,140139,152],{"class":151},[47,140141,140142],{"class":155},"banana cherry grape",[47,140144,159],{"class":151},[47,140146,679],{"class":77},[33,140148,172,140150,11639],{"id":140149},"what-split-returns",[15,140151,60459],{},[20,140153,140154,140155,140157,140158,914],{},"The result of ",[15,140156,60459],{}," is always a ",[127,140159,8025],{},[20,140161,140162],{},"Each item in that list is a string.",[20,140164,800],{},[38,140166,140168],{"className":40,"code":140167,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"cat,dog,bird\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\nprint(type(parts))\nprint(parts[0])\n",[15,140169,140170,140183,140205,140209,140219,140233],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140171,140172,140174,140176,140178,140181],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140173,68],{"class":53},[47,140175,58],{"class":57},[47,140177,303],{"class":151},[47,140179,140180],{"class":155},"cat,dog,bird",[47,140182,820],{"class":151},[47,140184,140185,140187,140189,140191,140193,140195,140197,140199,140201,140203],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,140186,42767],{"class":53},[47,140188,58],{"class":57},[47,140190,42772],{"class":53},[47,140192,914],{"class":77},[47,140194,34403],{"class":81},[47,140196,78],{"class":77},[47,140198,309],{"class":151},[47,140200,668],{"class":155},[47,140202,309],{"class":151},[47,140204,85],{"class":77},[47,140206,140207],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,140208,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,140210,140211,140213,140215,140217],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,140212,99],{"class":98},[47,140214,78],{"class":77},[47,140216,42799],{"class":81},[47,140218,85],{"class":77},[47,140220,140221,140223,140225,140227,140229,140231],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,140222,99],{"class":98},[47,140224,78],{"class":77},[47,140226,116],{"class":73},[47,140228,78],{"class":77},[47,140230,42799],{"class":81},[47,140232,123],{"class":77},[47,140234,140235,140237,140239,140241,140243,140245],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,140236,99],{"class":98},[47,140238,78],{"class":77},[47,140240,42799],{"class":81},[47,140242,736],{"class":77},[47,140244,2077],{"class":61},[47,140246,3825],{"class":77},[20,140248,129],{},[38,140250,140252],{"className":40,"code":140251,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\ncat\n",[15,140253,140254,140282,140296],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140255,140256,140258,140260,140262,140264,140266,140268,140270,140272,140274,140276,140278,140280],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140257,736],{"class":77},[47,140259,159],{"class":151},[47,140261,36981],{"class":155},[47,140263,159],{"class":151},[47,140265,668],{"class":77},[47,140267,152],{"class":151},[47,140269,58054],{"class":155},[47,140271,159],{"class":151},[47,140273,668],{"class":77},[47,140275,152],{"class":151},[47,140277,58071],{"class":155},[47,140279,159],{"class":151},[47,140281,679],{"class":77},[47,140283,140284,140286,140288,140290,140292,140294],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,140285,144],{"class":57},[47,140287,148],{"class":147},[47,140289,152],{"class":151},[47,140291,8025],{"class":155},[47,140293,159],{"class":151},[47,140295,162],{"class":57},[47,140297,140298],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,140299,85393],{"class":53},[20,140301,140302],{},"Because the result is a list, you can:",[185,140304,140305,140308,140311],{},[188,140306,140307],{},"loop over it",[188,140309,140310],{},"access items by index",[188,140312,140313],{},"combine items again later",[20,140315,140316,140317,914],{},"If you want to turn the list back into one string, use ",[360,140318,126102,140320,10673],{"href":140319},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method\u002F",[15,140321,133184],{},[20,140323,800],{},[38,140325,140327],{"className":40,"code":140326,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"parts = ['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\ntext = \"-\".join(parts)\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,140328,140329,140361,140383,140387],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140330,140331,140333,140335,140337,140339,140341,140343,140345,140347,140349,140351,140353,140355,140357,140359],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140332,42767],{"class":53},[47,140334,58],{"class":57},[47,140336,662],{"class":77},[47,140338,159],{"class":151},[47,140340,36981],{"class":155},[47,140342,159],{"class":151},[47,140344,668],{"class":77},[47,140346,152],{"class":151},[47,140348,58054],{"class":155},[47,140350,159],{"class":151},[47,140352,668],{"class":77},[47,140354,152],{"class":151},[47,140356,58071],{"class":155},[47,140358,159],{"class":151},[47,140360,679],{"class":77},[47,140362,140363,140365,140367,140369,140371,140373,140375,140377,140379,140381],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,140364,68],{"class":53},[47,140366,58],{"class":57},[47,140368,303],{"class":151},[47,140370,1981],{"class":155},[47,140372,309],{"class":151},[47,140374,914],{"class":77},[47,140376,133261],{"class":81},[47,140378,78],{"class":77},[47,140380,42799],{"class":81},[47,140382,85],{"class":77},[47,140384,140385],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,140386,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,140388,140389,140391,140393,140395],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,140390,99],{"class":98},[47,140392,78],{"class":77},[47,140394,104],{"class":81},[47,140396,85],{"class":77},[20,140398,129],{},[38,140400,140402],{"className":40,"code":140401,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"cat-dog-bird\n",[15,140403,140404],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140405,140406,140408,140410,140412,140414],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140407,36981],{"class":53},[47,140409,1981],{"class":57},[47,140411,58054],{"class":53},[47,140413,1981],{"class":57},[47,140415,140416],{"class":53},"bird\n",[33,140418,140420],{"id":140419},"common-edge-cases","Common edge cases",[20,140422,140423],{},"Here are some cases that often surprise beginners.",[373,140425,140427],{"id":140426},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-no-separator","Splitting an empty string with no separator",[38,140429,140431],{"className":40,"code":140430,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,140432,140433,140441],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140434,140435,140437,140439],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140436,68],{"class":53},[47,140438,58],{"class":57},[47,140440,7812],{"class":151},[47,140442,140443,140445,140447,140449,140451,140453],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,140444,99],{"class":98},[47,140446,78],{"class":77},[47,140448,104],{"class":81},[47,140450,914],{"class":77},[47,140452,34403],{"class":81},[47,140454,7127],{"class":77},[20,140456,129],{},[38,140458,140459],{"className":40,"code":38232,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,140460,140461],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140462,140463],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140464,38232],{"class":77},[373,140466,140468],{"id":140467},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-a-custom-separator","Splitting an empty string with a custom separator",[38,140470,140472],{"className":40,"code":140471,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,140473,140474,140482],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140475,140476,140478,140480],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140477,68],{"class":53},[47,140479,58],{"class":57},[47,140481,7812],{"class":151},[47,140483,140484,140486,140488,140490,140492,140494,140496,140498,140500,140502],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,140485,99],{"class":98},[47,140487,78],{"class":77},[47,140489,104],{"class":81},[47,140491,914],{"class":77},[47,140493,34403],{"class":81},[47,140495,78],{"class":77},[47,140497,309],{"class":151},[47,140499,668],{"class":155},[47,140501,309],{"class":151},[47,140503,123],{"class":77},[20,140505,129],{},[38,140507,140509],{"className":40,"code":140508,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['']\n",[15,140510,140511],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140512,140513,140515,140517],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140514,736],{"class":77},[47,140516,3708],{"class":151},[47,140518,679],{"class":77},[373,140520,140522],{"id":140521},"separator-not-found","Separator not found",[20,140524,140525],{},"If Python does not find the separator, it returns a one-item list containing the original string.",[38,140527,140529],{"className":40,"code":140528,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,140530,140531,140543],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140532,140533,140535,140537,140539,140541],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140534,68],{"class":53},[47,140536,58],{"class":57},[47,140538,303],{"class":151},[47,140540,3781],{"class":155},[47,140542,820],{"class":151},[47,140544,140545,140547,140549,140551,140553,140555,140557,140559,140561,140563],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,140546,99],{"class":98},[47,140548,78],{"class":77},[47,140550,104],{"class":81},[47,140552,914],{"class":77},[47,140554,34403],{"class":81},[47,140556,78],{"class":77},[47,140558,309],{"class":151},[47,140560,668],{"class":155},[47,140562,309],{"class":151},[47,140564,123],{"class":77},[20,140566,129],{},[38,140568,140570],{"className":40,"code":140569,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['hello']\n",[15,140571,140572],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140573,140574,140576,140578,140580,140582],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140575,736],{"class":77},[47,140577,159],{"class":151},[47,140579,3781],{"class":155},[47,140581,159],{"class":151},[47,140583,679],{"class":77},[33,140585,773,140587],{"id":140586},"when-to-use-split",[15,140588,60459],{},[20,140590,165,140591,140593],{},[15,140592,60459],{}," when you need to:",[185,140595,140596,140599,140602],{},[188,140597,140598],{},"split a sentence into words",[188,140600,140601],{},"split comma-separated values",[188,140603,140604],{},"break lines or simple structured text into parts",[20,140606,140607],{},"It is especially useful for tasks like:",[185,140609,140610,140613,140616],{},[188,140611,140612],{},"cleaning text",[188,140614,140615],{},"parsing user input",[188,140617,140618],{},"processing simple file content",[33,140620,2775],{"id":2774},[20,140622,84164],{},[185,140624,140625,140629,140635,140638,140646],{},[188,140626,50431,140627,131322],{},[15,140628,60459],{},[188,140630,140631,140632,140634],{},"forgetting that ",[15,140633,60459],{}," returns a list, not a string",[188,140636,140637],{},"using the wrong separator",[188,140639,140640,140641,140643,140644],{},"assuming ",[15,140642,139580],{}," behaves the same as ",[15,140645,60459],{},[188,140647,140648],{},"using an index that does not exist after splitting",[20,140650,140651],{},"Example of a common mistake:",[38,140653,140655],{"className":40,"code":140654,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"a,b,c\"\ntext.split(\",\")\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,140656,140657,140669,140687,140691],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140658,140659,140661,140663,140665,140667],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140660,68],{"class":53},[47,140662,58],{"class":57},[47,140664,303],{"class":151},[47,140666,42760],{"class":155},[47,140668,820],{"class":151},[47,140670,140671,140673,140675,140677,140679,140681,140683,140685],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,140672,104],{"class":53},[47,140674,914],{"class":77},[47,140676,34403],{"class":81},[47,140678,78],{"class":77},[47,140680,309],{"class":151},[47,140682,668],{"class":155},[47,140684,309],{"class":151},[47,140686,85],{"class":77},[47,140688,140689],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,140690,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,140692,140693,140695,140697,140699],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,140694,99],{"class":98},[47,140696,78],{"class":77},[47,140698,104],{"class":81},[47,140700,85],{"class":77},[20,140702,129],{},[38,140704,140706],{"className":40,"code":140705,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a,b,c\n",[15,140707,140708],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140709,140710,140712,140714,140716,140718],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140711,360],{"class":53},[47,140713,668],{"class":77},[47,140715,4696],{"class":53},[47,140717,668],{"class":77},[47,140719,69173],{"class":53},[20,140721,140722],{},"This happens because the result was not saved.",[20,140724,10740],{},[38,140726,140727],{"className":40,"code":42747,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,140728,140729,140741,140763,140767],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140730,140731,140733,140735,140737,140739],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140732,68],{"class":53},[47,140734,58],{"class":57},[47,140736,303],{"class":151},[47,140738,42760],{"class":155},[47,140740,820],{"class":151},[47,140742,140743,140745,140747,140749,140751,140753,140755,140757,140759,140761],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,140744,42767],{"class":53},[47,140746,58],{"class":57},[47,140748,42772],{"class":53},[47,140750,914],{"class":77},[47,140752,34403],{"class":81},[47,140754,78],{"class":77},[47,140756,309],{"class":151},[47,140758,668],{"class":155},[47,140760,309],{"class":151},[47,140762,85],{"class":77},[47,140764,140765],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,140766,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,140768,140769,140771,140773,140775],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,140770,99],{"class":98},[47,140772,78],{"class":77},[47,140774,42799],{"class":81},[47,140776,85],{"class":77},[20,140778,129],{},[38,140780,140781],{"className":40,"code":42806,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,140782,140783],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140784,140785,140787,140789,140791,140793,140795,140797,140799,140801,140803,140805,140807,140809],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140786,736],{"class":77},[47,140788,159],{"class":151},[47,140790,360],{"class":155},[47,140792,159],{"class":151},[47,140794,668],{"class":77},[47,140796,152],{"class":151},[47,140798,4696],{"class":155},[47,140800,159],{"class":151},[47,140802,668],{"class":77},[47,140804,152],{"class":151},[47,140806,9671],{"class":155},[47,140808,159],{"class":151},[47,140810,679],{"class":77},[20,140812,140813],{},"Another common problem is using an index that does not exist:",[38,140815,140817],{"className":40,"code":140816,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"apple,banana\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts[2])\n",[15,140818,140819,140832,140854,140858],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140820,140821,140823,140825,140827,140830],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140822,68],{"class":53},[47,140824,58],{"class":57},[47,140826,303],{"class":151},[47,140828,140829],{"class":155},"apple,banana",[47,140831,820],{"class":151},[47,140833,140834,140836,140838,140840,140842,140844,140846,140848,140850,140852],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,140835,42767],{"class":53},[47,140837,58],{"class":57},[47,140839,42772],{"class":53},[47,140841,914],{"class":77},[47,140843,34403],{"class":81},[47,140845,78],{"class":77},[47,140847,309],{"class":151},[47,140849,668],{"class":155},[47,140851,309],{"class":151},[47,140853,85],{"class":77},[47,140855,140856],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,140857,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,140859,140860,140862,140864,140866,140868,140870],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,140861,99],{"class":98},[47,140863,78],{"class":77},[47,140865,42799],{"class":81},[47,140867,736],{"class":77},[47,140869,2016],{"class":61},[47,140871,3825],{"class":77},[20,140873,140874,140875,914],{},"This causes an error because there is no third item. If you need help with that, see ",[360,140876,69186],{"href":69185},[373,140878,60638],{"id":60637},[20,140880,8807,140881,140883],{},[15,140882,60459],{}," is not giving the result you expect, try printing these:",[38,140885,140887],{"className":40,"code":140886,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(text)\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(','))\nprint(len(text.split(',')))\nprint(type(text.split(',')))\n",[15,140888,140889,140899,140913,140935,140961],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140890,140891,140893,140895,140897],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140892,99],{"class":98},[47,140894,78],{"class":77},[47,140896,104],{"class":81},[47,140898,85],{"class":77},[47,140900,140901,140903,140905,140907,140909,140911],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,140902,99],{"class":98},[47,140904,78],{"class":77},[47,140906,104],{"class":81},[47,140908,914],{"class":77},[47,140910,34403],{"class":81},[47,140912,7127],{"class":77},[47,140914,140915,140917,140919,140921,140923,140925,140927,140929,140931,140933],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,140916,99],{"class":98},[47,140918,78],{"class":77},[47,140920,104],{"class":81},[47,140922,914],{"class":77},[47,140924,34403],{"class":81},[47,140926,78],{"class":77},[47,140928,159],{"class":151},[47,140930,668],{"class":155},[47,140932,159],{"class":151},[47,140934,123],{"class":77},[47,140936,140937,140939,140941,140943,140945,140947,140949,140951,140953,140955,140957,140959],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,140938,99],{"class":98},[47,140940,78],{"class":77},[47,140942,11095],{"class":98},[47,140944,78],{"class":77},[47,140946,104],{"class":81},[47,140948,914],{"class":77},[47,140950,34403],{"class":81},[47,140952,78],{"class":77},[47,140954,159],{"class":151},[47,140956,668],{"class":155},[47,140958,159],{"class":151},[47,140960,2854],{"class":77},[47,140962,140963,140965,140967,140969,140971,140973,140975,140977,140979,140981,140983,140985],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,140964,99],{"class":98},[47,140966,78],{"class":77},[47,140968,116],{"class":73},[47,140970,78],{"class":77},[47,140972,104],{"class":81},[47,140974,914],{"class":77},[47,140976,34403],{"class":81},[47,140978,78],{"class":77},[47,140980,159],{"class":151},[47,140982,668],{"class":155},[47,140984,159],{"class":151},[47,140986,2854],{"class":77},[20,140988,11104],{},[185,140990,140991,140994,140997,141000],{},[188,140992,140993],{},"what the original string looks like",[188,140995,140996],{},"which separator works",[188,140998,140999],{},"how many items were created",[188,141001,141002],{},"that the result is a list",[33,141004,1762],{"id":1761},[373,141006,5111,141008,4329,141010,1812],{"id":141007},"what-is-the-difference-between-split-and-split",[15,141009,60459],{},[15,141011,139580],{},[20,141013,141014,141016],{},[15,141015,60459],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces.",[20,141018,141019,141021],{},[15,141020,139580],{}," only splits on the space character and can produce empty strings.",[373,141023,1776,141025,124429],{"id":141024},"does-split-change-the-original-string",[15,141026,60459],{},[20,141028,141029,141030,56406],{},"No. Strings are immutable. ",[15,141031,60459],{},[373,141033,1766,141035,39896],{"id":141034},"what-does-maxsplit-do",[15,141036,139357],{},[20,141038,141039],{},"It sets the maximum number of splits. After that, the rest of the string stays in the final list item.",[373,141041,141043],{"id":141042},"why-am-i-getting-a-list-instead-of-a-string","Why am I getting a list instead of a string?",[20,141045,28995,141046,141048],{},[15,141047,60459],{}," always returns a list of strings.",[33,141050,1825],{"id":1824},[185,141052,141053,141057,141063,141069,141073],{},[188,141054,141055],{},[360,141056,129707],{"href":128785},[188,141058,141059],{},[360,141060,126102,141061,10673],{"href":140319},[15,141062,133184],{},[188,141064,141065],{},[360,141066,126102,141067,10673],{"href":136672},[15,141068,41587],{},[188,141070,141071],{},[360,141072,124857],{"href":50901},[188,141074,141075],{},[360,141076,69186],{"href":69185},[1875,141078,141079],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":65,"depth":65,"links":141081},[141082,141083,141085,141086,141091,141092,141094,141096,141101,141103,141106,141115],{"id":35,"depth":65,"text":36},{"id":139187,"depth":65,"text":141084},"What split() does",{"id":244,"depth":65,"text":245},{"id":139435,"depth":65,"text":141087,"children":141088},"Using split() with no separator",[141089],{"id":139575,"depth":88,"text":141090},"split() vs split(' ')",{"id":139738,"depth":65,"text":139739},{"id":139948,"depth":65,"text":141093},"Using maxsplit",{"id":140149,"depth":65,"text":141095},"What split() returns",{"id":140419,"depth":65,"text":140420,"children":141097},[141098,141099,141100],{"id":140426,"depth":88,"text":140427},{"id":140467,"depth":88,"text":140468},{"id":140521,"depth":88,"text":140522},{"id":140586,"depth":65,"text":141102},"When to use split()",{"id":2774,"depth":65,"text":2775,"children":141104},[141105],{"id":60637,"depth":88,"text":60638},{"id":1761,"depth":65,"text":1762,"children":141107},[141108,141110,141112,141114],{"id":141007,"depth":88,"text":141109},"What is the difference between split() and split(' ')?",{"id":141024,"depth":88,"text":141111},"Does split() change the original string?",{"id":141034,"depth":88,"text":141113},"What does maxsplit do?",{"id":141042,"depth":88,"text":141043},{"id":1824,"depth":65,"text":1825},"Master python string split method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method",{"title":139096,"description":141116},"reference\u002Fpython-string-split-method","cCGXdWx7_YYjF-3k7XJupk3UdiQY7ADrDK7YZ7Egp2A",{"id":141123,"title":141124,"body":141125,"description":143068,"extension":1922,"meta":143069,"navigation":91,"path":143070,"seo":143071,"stem":143072,"__hash__":143073},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method.md","Python String startswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":141126,"toc":143027},[141127,141132,141137,141144,141217,141222,141227,141232,141248,141250,141320,141322,141324,141344,141346,141391,141396,141398,141496,141501,141505,141510,141514,141517,141559,141563,141566,141611,141615,141618,141668,141672,141677,141729,141731,141736,141747,141752,141832,141834,141846,141855,141862,141877,141879,141994,142000,142004,142007,142012,142154,142157,142164,142166,142170,142178,142247,142253,142302,142307,142312,142314,142334,142336,142402,142404,142408,142411,142415,142456,142458,142491,142496,142499,142526,142528,142571,142578,142583,142593,142659,142663,142671,142676,142727,142731,142734,142736,142745,142747,142797,142799,142906,142908,142913,142920,142926,142929,142960,142965,142967,142974,142982,142991,142994,142996,143024],[10,141128,123102,141130,11256],{"id":141129},"python-string-startswith-method",[15,141131,127470],{},[20,141133,123107,141134,141136],{},[15,141135,127470],{}," method checks whether a string begins with specific text.",[20,141138,126168,141139,1389,141141,141143],{},[15,141140,212],{},[15,141142,3609],{}," answer. Beginners often use it to test commands, filenames, labels, and other text patterns.",[38,141145,141147],{"className":40,"code":141146,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Python Beginner Help\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Python\"))   # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"Beginner\")) # False\n",[15,141148,141149,141162,141166,141191],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,141150,141151,141153,141155,141157,141160],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,141152,68],{"class":53},[47,141154,58],{"class":57},[47,141156,303],{"class":151},[47,141158,141159],{"class":155},"Python Beginner Help",[47,141161,820],{"class":151},[47,141163,141164],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,141165,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,141167,141168,141170,141172,141174,141176,141179,141181,141183,141185,141187,141189],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,141169,99],{"class":98},[47,141171,78],{"class":77},[47,141173,104],{"class":81},[47,141175,914],{"class":77},[47,141177,141178],{"class":81},"startswith",[47,141180,78],{"class":77},[47,141182,309],{"class":151},[47,141184,7229],{"class":155},[47,141186,309],{"class":151},[47,141188,5294],{"class":77},[47,141190,43786],{"class":1378},[47,141192,141193,141195,141197,141199,141201,141203,141205,141207,141210,141212,141214],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,141194,99],{"class":98},[47,141196,78],{"class":77},[47,141198,104],{"class":81},[47,141200,914],{"class":77},[47,141202,141178],{"class":81},[47,141204,78],{"class":77},[47,141206,309],{"class":151},[47,141208,141209],{"class":155},"Beginner",[47,141211,309],{"class":151},[47,141213,5294],{"class":77},[47,141215,141216],{"class":1378}," # False\n",[20,141218,165,141219,141221],{},[15,141220,127470],{}," when you want to check whether a string begins with certain text.",[33,141223,172,141225,175],{"id":141224},"what-startswith-does",[15,141226,127470],{},[20,141228,141229,141231],{},[15,141230,127470],{}," is a string method that checks the beginning of a string.",[185,141233,141234,141237,141243,141245],{},[188,141235,141236],{},"It checks whether a string begins with a given value",[188,141238,5080,141239,1389,141241],{},[15,141240,212],{},[15,141242,3609],{},[188,141244,123245],{},[188,141246,141247],{},"It works only on strings",[20,141249,800],{},[38,141251,141253],{"className":40,"code":141252,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"Python\"\n\nprint(name.startswith(\"Py\"))   # True\nprint(name.startswith(\"py\"))   # False\n",[15,141254,141255,141267,141271,141296],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,141256,141257,141259,141261,141263,141265],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,141258,810],{"class":53},[47,141260,58],{"class":57},[47,141262,303],{"class":151},[47,141264,7229],{"class":155},[47,141266,820],{"class":151},[47,141268,141269],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,141270,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,141272,141273,141275,141277,141279,141281,141283,141285,141287,141290,141292,141294],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,141274,99],{"class":98},[47,141276,78],{"class":77},[47,141278,7601],{"class":81},[47,141280,914],{"class":77},[47,141282,141178],{"class":81},[47,141284,78],{"class":77},[47,141286,309],{"class":151},[47,141288,141289],{"class":155},"Py",[47,141291,309],{"class":151},[47,141293,5294],{"class":77},[47,141295,43786],{"class":1378},[47,141297,141298,141300,141302,141304,141306,141308,141310,141312,141314,141316,141318],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,141299,99],{"class":98},[47,141301,78],{"class":77},[47,141303,7601],{"class":81},[47,141305,914],{"class":77},[47,141307,141178],{"class":81},[47,141309,78],{"class":77},[47,141311,309],{"class":151},[47,141313,128548],{"class":155},[47,141315,309],{"class":151},[47,141317,5294],{"class":77},[47,141319,43803],{"class":1378},[33,141321,245],{"id":244},[20,141323,42316],{},[38,141325,141327],{"className":40,"code":141326,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"string.startswith(prefix)\n",[15,141328,141329],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,141330,141331,141333,141335,141337,141339,141342],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,141332,61102],{"class":53},[47,141334,914],{"class":77},[47,141336,141178],{"class":81},[47,141338,78],{"class":77},[47,141340,141341],{"class":81},"prefix",[47,141343,85],{"class":77},[20,141345,30698],{},[38,141347,141349],{"className":40,"code":141348,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"string.startswith(prefix, start)\nstring.startswith(prefix, start, end)\n",[15,141350,141351,141369],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,141352,141353,141355,141357,141359,141361,141363,141365,141367],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,141354,61102],{"class":53},[47,141356,914],{"class":77},[47,141358,141178],{"class":81},[47,141360,78],{"class":77},[47,141362,141341],{"class":81},[47,141364,668],{"class":77},[47,141366,35985],{"class":81},[47,141368,85],{"class":77},[47,141370,141371,141373,141375,141377,141379,141381,141383,141385,141387,141389],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,141372,61102],{"class":53},[47,141374,914],{"class":77},[47,141376,141178],{"class":81},[47,141378,78],{"class":77},[47,141380,141341],{"class":81},[47,141382,668],{"class":77},[47,141384,35985],{"class":81},[47,141386,668],{"class":77},[47,141388,64967],{"class":81},[47,141390,85],{"class":77},[20,141392,267,141393,141395],{},[15,141394,141341],{}," is the text you want to check at the beginning.",[20,141397,800],{},[38,141399,141401],{"className":40,"code":141400,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"hello\"))      # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))      # False\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))   # True\n",[15,141402,141403,141415,141419,141444,141468],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,141404,141405,141407,141409,141411,141413],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,141406,68],{"class":53},[47,141408,58],{"class":57},[47,141410,303],{"class":151},[47,141412,60334],{"class":155},[47,141414,820],{"class":151},[47,141416,141417],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,141418,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,141420,141421,141423,141425,141427,141429,141431,141433,141435,141437,141439,141441],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,141422,99],{"class":98},[47,141424,78],{"class":77},[47,141426,104],{"class":81},[47,141428,914],{"class":77},[47,141430,141178],{"class":81},[47,141432,78],{"class":77},[47,141434,309],{"class":151},[47,141436,3781],{"class":155},[47,141438,309],{"class":151},[47,141440,5294],{"class":77},[47,141442,141443],{"class":1378},"      # True\n",[47,141445,141446,141448,141450,141452,141454,141456,141458,141460,141462,141464,141466],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,141447,99],{"class":98},[47,141449,78],{"class":77},[47,141451,104],{"class":81},[47,141453,914],{"class":77},[47,141455,141178],{"class":81},[47,141457,78],{"class":77},[47,141459,309],{"class":151},[47,141461,60519],{"class":155},[47,141463,309],{"class":151},[47,141465,5294],{"class":77},[47,141467,21136],{"class":1378},[47,141469,141470,141472,141474,141476,141478,141480,141482,141484,141486,141488,141490,141492,141494],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,141471,99],{"class":98},[47,141473,78],{"class":77},[47,141475,104],{"class":81},[47,141477,914],{"class":77},[47,141479,141178],{"class":81},[47,141481,78],{"class":77},[47,141483,309],{"class":151},[47,141485,60519],{"class":155},[47,141487,309],{"class":151},[47,141489,668],{"class":77},[47,141491,37578],{"class":61},[47,141493,5294],{"class":77},[47,141495,43786],{"class":1378},[20,141497,141498,141499,914],{},"If you are new to Python strings, see ",[360,141500,124857],{"href":50901},[33,141502,141504],{"id":141503},"parameters-explained","Parameters explained",[20,141506,141507,141509],{},[15,141508,127470],{}," can take up to three arguments.",[373,141511,141512],{"id":141341},[15,141513,141341],{},[20,141515,141516],{},"This is the starting text you want to match.",[38,141518,141520],{"className":40,"code":141519,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"ban\"))  # True\n",[15,141521,141522,141534],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,141523,141524,141526,141528,141530,141532],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,141525,68],{"class":53},[47,141527,58],{"class":57},[47,141529,303],{"class":151},[47,141531,1434],{"class":155},[47,141533,820],{"class":151},[47,141535,141536,141538,141540,141542,141544,141546,141548,141550,141553,141555,141557],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,141537,99],{"class":98},[47,141539,78],{"class":77},[47,141541,104],{"class":81},[47,141543,914],{"class":77},[47,141545,141178],{"class":81},[47,141547,78],{"class":77},[47,141549,309],{"class":151},[47,141551,141552],{"class":155},"ban",[47,141554,309],{"class":151},[47,141556,5294],{"class":77},[47,141558,3599],{"class":1378},[373,141560,141561],{"id":36006},[15,141562,36006],{},[20,141564,141565],{},"This optional number tells Python where to begin checking.",[38,141567,141569],{"className":40,"code":141568,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))  # True\n",[15,141570,141571,141583],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,141572,141573,141575,141577,141579,141581],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,141574,68],{"class":53},[47,141576,58],{"class":57},[47,141578,303],{"class":151},[47,141580,60334],{"class":155},[47,141582,820],{"class":151},[47,141584,141585,141587,141589,141591,141593,141595,141597,141599,141601,141603,141605,141607,141609],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,141586,99],{"class":98},[47,141588,78],{"class":77},[47,141590,104],{"class":81},[47,141592,914],{"class":77},[47,141594,141178],{"class":81},[47,141596,78],{"class":77},[47,141598,309],{"class":151},[47,141600,60519],{"class":155},[47,141602,309],{"class":151},[47,141604,668],{"class":77},[47,141606,37578],{"class":61},[47,141608,5294],{"class":77},[47,141610,3599],{"class":1378},[373,141612,141613],{"id":52587},[15,141614,52587],{},[20,141616,141617],{},"This optional number tells Python where to stop checking.",[38,141619,141621],{"className":40,"code":141620,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"wor\", 6, 9))  # True\n",[15,141622,141623,141635],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,141624,141625,141627,141629,141631,141633],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,141626,68],{"class":53},[47,141628,58],{"class":57},[47,141630,303],{"class":151},[47,141632,60334],{"class":155},[47,141634,820],{"class":151},[47,141636,141637,141639,141641,141643,141645,141647,141649,141651,141654,141656,141658,141660,141662,141664,141666],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,141638,99],{"class":98},[47,141640,78],{"class":77},[47,141642,104],{"class":81},[47,141644,914],{"class":77},[47,141646,141178],{"class":81},[47,141648,78],{"class":77},[47,141650,309],{"class":151},[47,141652,141653],{"class":155},"wor",[47,141655,309],{"class":151},[47,141657,668],{"class":77},[47,141659,37578],{"class":61},[47,141661,668],{"class":77},[47,141663,54063],{"class":61},[47,141665,5294],{"class":77},[47,141667,3599],{"class":1378},[373,141669,141671],{"id":141670},"multiple-prefixes","Multiple prefixes",[20,141673,141674,141676],{},[15,141675,141341],{}," can also be a tuple of strings. This lets you test more than one possible beginning.",[38,141678,141680],{"className":40,"code":141679,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"filename = \"img_001.png\"\nprint(filename.startswith((\"img_\", \"photo_\")))  # True\n",[15,141681,141682,141695],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,141683,141684,141686,141688,141690,141693],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,141685,126185],{"class":53},[47,141687,58],{"class":57},[47,141689,303],{"class":151},[47,141691,141692],{"class":155},"img_001.png",[47,141694,820],{"class":151},[47,141696,141697,141699,141701,141703,141705,141707,141709,141711,141714,141716,141718,141720,141723,141725,141727],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,141698,99],{"class":98},[47,141700,78],{"class":77},[47,141702,126203],{"class":81},[47,141704,914],{"class":77},[47,141706,141178],{"class":81},[47,141708,5444],{"class":77},[47,141710,309],{"class":151},[47,141712,141713],{"class":155},"img_",[47,141715,309],{"class":151},[47,141717,668],{"class":77},[47,141719,303],{"class":151},[47,141721,141722],{"class":155},"photo_",[47,141724,309],{"class":151},[47,141726,51017],{"class":77},[47,141728,3599],{"class":1378},[33,141730,1504],{"id":1503},[20,141732,141733,141735],{},[15,141734,127470],{}," always returns a Boolean value:",[185,141737,141738,141743],{},[188,141739,141740,141742],{},[15,141741,212],{}," if the string starts with the prefix",[188,141744,141745,126787],{},[15,141746,3609],{},[20,141748,141749,141750,7105],{},"This makes it useful in ",[15,141751,6930],{},[38,141753,141755],{"className":40,"code":141754,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"command = \"\u002Fhelp\"\n\nif command.startswith(\"\u002F\"):\n    print(\"This looks like a command.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is normal text.\")\n",[15,141756,141757,141771,141775,141796,141811,141817],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,141758,141759,141762,141764,141766,141769],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,141760,141761],{"class":53},"command ",[47,141763,58],{"class":57},[47,141765,303],{"class":151},[47,141767,141768],{"class":155},"\u002Fhelp",[47,141770,820],{"class":151},[47,141772,141773],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,141774,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,141776,141777,141779,141782,141784,141786,141788,141790,141792,141794],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,141778,6930],{"class":3812},[47,141780,141781],{"class":53}," command",[47,141783,914],{"class":77},[47,141785,141178],{"class":81},[47,141787,78],{"class":77},[47,141789,309],{"class":151},[47,141791,126994],{"class":155},[47,141793,309],{"class":151},[47,141795,8273],{"class":77},[47,141797,141798,141800,141802,141804,141807,141809],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,141799,8000],{"class":98},[47,141801,78],{"class":77},[47,141803,309],{"class":151},[47,141805,141806],{"class":155},"This looks like a command.",[47,141808,309],{"class":151},[47,141810,85],{"class":77},[47,141812,141813,141815],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,141814,27367],{"class":3812},[47,141816,6329],{"class":77},[47,141818,141819,141821,141823,141825,141828,141830],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,141820,8000],{"class":98},[47,141822,78],{"class":77},[47,141824,309],{"class":151},[47,141826,141827],{"class":155},"This is normal text.",[47,141829,309],{"class":151},[47,141831,85],{"class":77},[20,141833,129],{},[38,141835,141837],{"className":40,"code":141836,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"This looks like a command.\n",[15,141838,141839],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,141840,141841,141844],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,141842,141843],{"class":53},"This looks like a command",[47,141845,906],{"class":77},[33,141847,1335,141849,8636,141851,4329,141853],{"id":141848},"using-startswith-with-start-and-end",[15,141850,127470],{},[15,141852,36006],{},[15,141854,52587],{},[20,141856,1939,141857,4329,141859,141861],{},[15,141858,36006],{},[15,141860,52587],{}," arguments let you check part of a string without slicing it yourself.",[185,141863,141864,141869,141874],{},[188,141865,141866,141868],{},[15,141867,36006],{}," lets you begin checking from a later position",[188,141870,141871,141873],{},[15,141872,52587],{}," limits the part of the string being checked",[188,141875,141876],{},"This is useful when working with substrings",[20,141878,800],{},[38,141880,141882],{"className":40,"code":141881,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"one two three\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"two\", 4))        # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 13))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 12))  # False\n",[15,141883,141884,141896,141900,141929,141962],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,141885,141886,141888,141890,141892,141894],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,141887,68],{"class":53},[47,141889,58],{"class":57},[47,141891,303],{"class":151},[47,141893,139381],{"class":155},[47,141895,820],{"class":151},[47,141897,141898],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,141899,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,141901,141902,141904,141906,141908,141910,141912,141914,141916,141918,141920,141922,141924,141926],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,141903,99],{"class":98},[47,141905,78],{"class":77},[47,141907,104],{"class":81},[47,141909,914],{"class":77},[47,141911,141178],{"class":81},[47,141913,78],{"class":77},[47,141915,309],{"class":151},[47,141917,79195],{"class":155},[47,141919,309],{"class":151},[47,141921,668],{"class":77},[47,141923,2404],{"class":61},[47,141925,5294],{"class":77},[47,141927,141928],{"class":1378},"        # True\n",[47,141930,141931,141933,141935,141937,141939,141941,141943,141945,141947,141949,141951,141953,141955,141958,141960],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,141932,99],{"class":98},[47,141934,78],{"class":77},[47,141936,104],{"class":81},[47,141938,914],{"class":77},[47,141940,141178],{"class":81},[47,141942,78],{"class":77},[47,141944,309],{"class":151},[47,141946,133988],{"class":155},[47,141948,309],{"class":151},[47,141950,668],{"class":77},[47,141952,6295],{"class":61},[47,141954,668],{"class":77},[47,141956,141957],{"class":61}," 13",[47,141959,5294],{"class":77},[47,141961,3599],{"class":1378},[47,141963,141964,141966,141968,141970,141972,141974,141976,141978,141980,141982,141984,141986,141988,141990,141992],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,141965,99],{"class":98},[47,141967,78],{"class":77},[47,141969,104],{"class":81},[47,141971,914],{"class":77},[47,141973,141178],{"class":81},[47,141975,78],{"class":77},[47,141977,309],{"class":151},[47,141979,133988],{"class":155},[47,141981,309],{"class":151},[47,141983,668],{"class":77},[47,141985,6295],{"class":61},[47,141987,668],{"class":77},[47,141989,30877],{"class":61},[47,141991,5294],{"class":77},[47,141993,4707],{"class":1378},[20,141995,141996,141997,141999],{},"In the last example, the ",[15,141998,52587],{}," position stops too early, so the full prefix cannot match.",[33,142001,142003],{"id":142002},"using-multiple-prefixes","Using multiple prefixes",[20,142005,142006],{},"If more than one prefix is allowed, pass a tuple.",[20,142008,142009,142010,49273],{},"This is cleaner than writing several ",[15,142011,40770],{},[38,142013,142015],{"className":40,"code":142014,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"filename1 = \"img_101.jpg\"\nfilename2 = \"photo_202.jpg\"\nfilename3 = \"doc_303.jpg\"\n\nallowed = (\"img_\", \"photo_\")\n\nprint(filename1.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename2.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename3.startswith(allowed))  # False\n",[15,142016,142017,142031,142045,142059,142063,142087,142091,142112,142133],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,142018,142019,142022,142024,142026,142029],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,142020,142021],{"class":53},"filename1 ",[47,142023,58],{"class":57},[47,142025,303],{"class":151},[47,142027,142028],{"class":155},"img_101.jpg",[47,142030,820],{"class":151},[47,142032,142033,142036,142038,142040,142043],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,142034,142035],{"class":53},"filename2 ",[47,142037,58],{"class":57},[47,142039,303],{"class":151},[47,142041,142042],{"class":155},"photo_202.jpg",[47,142044,820],{"class":151},[47,142046,142047,142050,142052,142054,142057],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,142048,142049],{"class":53},"filename3 ",[47,142051,58],{"class":57},[47,142053,303],{"class":151},[47,142055,142056],{"class":155},"doc_303.jpg",[47,142058,820],{"class":151},[47,142060,142061],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,142062,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,142064,142065,142067,142069,142071,142073,142075,142077,142079,142081,142083,142085],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,142066,127397],{"class":53},[47,142068,58],{"class":57},[47,142070,9169],{"class":77},[47,142072,309],{"class":151},[47,142074,141713],{"class":155},[47,142076,309],{"class":151},[47,142078,668],{"class":77},[47,142080,303],{"class":151},[47,142082,141722],{"class":155},[47,142084,309],{"class":151},[47,142086,85],{"class":77},[47,142088,142089],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,142090,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,142092,142093,142095,142097,142100,142102,142104,142106,142108,142110],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,142094,99],{"class":98},[47,142096,78],{"class":77},[47,142098,142099],{"class":81},"filename1",[47,142101,914],{"class":77},[47,142103,141178],{"class":81},[47,142105,78],{"class":77},[47,142107,127449],{"class":81},[47,142109,5294],{"class":77},[47,142111,3599],{"class":1378},[47,142113,142114,142116,142118,142121,142123,142125,142127,142129,142131],{"class":49,"line":1734},[47,142115,99],{"class":98},[47,142117,78],{"class":77},[47,142119,142120],{"class":81},"filename2",[47,142122,914],{"class":77},[47,142124,141178],{"class":81},[47,142126,78],{"class":77},[47,142128,127449],{"class":81},[47,142130,5294],{"class":77},[47,142132,3599],{"class":1378},[47,142134,142135,142137,142139,142142,142144,142146,142148,142150,142152],{"class":49,"line":6365},[47,142136,99],{"class":98},[47,142138,78],{"class":77},[47,142140,142141],{"class":81},"filename3",[47,142143,914],{"class":77},[47,142145,141178],{"class":81},[47,142147,78],{"class":77},[47,142149,127449],{"class":81},[47,142151,5294],{"class":77},[47,142153,4707],{"class":1378},[20,142155,142156],{},"This is especially helpful when checking file naming rules.",[20,142158,74698,142159,142163],{},[360,142160,126102,142161,10673],{"href":129696},[15,142162,126160],{}," if you need to check the end of a string instead.",[33,142165,123749],{"id":123748},[20,142167,142168,123560],{},[15,142169,127470],{},[20,142171,127147,142172,4329,142175,127154],{},[15,142173,142174],{},"\"Python\"",[15,142176,142177],{},"\"python\"",[38,142179,142181],{"className":40,"code":142180,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"py\"))  # False\n",[15,142182,142183,142195,142199,142223],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,142184,142185,142187,142189,142191,142193],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,142186,68],{"class":53},[47,142188,58],{"class":57},[47,142190,303],{"class":151},[47,142192,7229],{"class":155},[47,142194,820],{"class":151},[47,142196,142197],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,142198,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,142200,142201,142203,142205,142207,142209,142211,142213,142215,142217,142219,142221],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,142202,99],{"class":98},[47,142204,78],{"class":77},[47,142206,104],{"class":81},[47,142208,914],{"class":77},[47,142210,141178],{"class":81},[47,142212,78],{"class":77},[47,142214,309],{"class":151},[47,142216,141289],{"class":155},[47,142218,309],{"class":151},[47,142220,5294],{"class":77},[47,142222,3599],{"class":1378},[47,142224,142225,142227,142229,142231,142233,142235,142237,142239,142241,142243,142245],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,142226,99],{"class":98},[47,142228,78],{"class":77},[47,142230,104],{"class":81},[47,142232,914],{"class":77},[47,142234,141178],{"class":81},[47,142236,78],{"class":77},[47,142238,309],{"class":151},[47,142240,128548],{"class":155},[47,142242,309],{"class":151},[47,142244,5294],{"class":77},[47,142246,4707],{"class":1378},[20,142248,127239,142249,914],{},[360,142250,142251],{"href":123829},[15,142252,123832],{},[38,142254,142256],{"className":40,"code":142255,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))  # True\n",[15,142257,142258,142270,142274],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,142259,142260,142262,142264,142266,142268],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,142261,68],{"class":53},[47,142263,58],{"class":57},[47,142265,303],{"class":151},[47,142267,7229],{"class":155},[47,142269,820],{"class":151},[47,142271,142272],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,142273,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,142275,142276,142278,142280,142282,142284,142286,142288,142290,142292,142294,142296,142298,142300],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,142277,99],{"class":98},[47,142279,78],{"class":77},[47,142281,104],{"class":81},[47,142283,914],{"class":77},[47,142285,8571],{"class":81},[47,142287,8568],{"class":77},[47,142289,141178],{"class":81},[47,142291,78],{"class":77},[47,142293,309],{"class":151},[47,142295,128548],{"class":155},[47,142297,309],{"class":151},[47,142299,5294],{"class":77},[47,142301,3599],{"class":1378},[33,142303,773,142305],{"id":142304},"when-to-use-startswith",[15,142306,127470],{},[20,142308,142309,142311],{},[15,142310,127470],{}," is useful in many real programs.",[20,142313,9305],{},[185,142315,142316,142319,142322,142331],{},[188,142317,142318],{},"Checking filename patterns at the start",[188,142320,142321],{},"Checking user input prefixes such as commands",[188,142323,142324,142325,1389,142328],{},"Validating text formats like ",[15,142326,142327],{},"http:\u002F\u002F",[15,142329,142330],{},"https:\u002F\u002F",[188,142332,142333],{},"Making code easier to read than manual slicing",[20,142335,800],{},[38,142337,142339],{"className":40,"code":142338,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\"\n\nif url.startswith((\"http:\u002F\u002F\", \"https:\u002F\u002F\")):\n    print(\"This looks like a web URL.\")\n",[15,142340,142341,142354,142358,142387],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,142342,142343,142345,142347,142349,142352],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,142344,126965],{"class":53},[47,142346,58],{"class":57},[47,142348,303],{"class":151},[47,142350,142351],{"class":155},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com",[47,142353,820],{"class":151},[47,142355,142356],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,142357,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,142359,142360,142362,142365,142367,142369,142371,142373,142375,142377,142379,142381,142383,142385],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,142361,6930],{"class":3812},[47,142363,142364],{"class":53}," url",[47,142366,914],{"class":77},[47,142368,141178],{"class":81},[47,142370,5444],{"class":77},[47,142372,309],{"class":151},[47,142374,142327],{"class":155},[47,142376,309],{"class":151},[47,142378,668],{"class":77},[47,142380,303],{"class":151},[47,142382,142330],{"class":155},[47,142384,309],{"class":151},[47,142386,69490],{"class":77},[47,142388,142389,142391,142393,142395,142398,142400],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,142390,8000],{"class":98},[47,142392,78],{"class":77},[47,142394,309],{"class":151},[47,142396,142397],{"class":155},"This looks like a web URL.",[47,142399,309],{"class":151},[47,142401,85],{"class":77},[33,142403,2775],{"id":2774},[20,142405,23029,142406,914],{},[15,142407,127470],{},[373,142409,138542],{"id":142410},"using-the-wrong-letter-case",[20,142412,142413,123560],{},[15,142414,127470],{},[38,142416,142418],{"className":40,"code":142417,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"python\"))  # False\n",[15,142419,142420,142432],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,142421,142422,142424,142426,142428,142430],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,142423,68],{"class":53},[47,142425,58],{"class":57},[47,142427,303],{"class":151},[47,142429,7229],{"class":155},[47,142431,820],{"class":151},[47,142433,142434,142436,142438,142440,142442,142444,142446,142448,142450,142452,142454],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,142435,99],{"class":98},[47,142437,78],{"class":77},[47,142439,104],{"class":81},[47,142441,914],{"class":77},[47,142443,141178],{"class":81},[47,142445,78],{"class":77},[47,142447,309],{"class":151},[47,142449,42],{"class":155},[47,142451,309],{"class":151},[47,142453,5294],{"class":77},[47,142455,4707],{"class":1378},[20,142457,39197],{},[38,142459,142461],{"className":40,"code":142460,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(text.lower().startswith(\"python\"))  # True\n",[15,142462,142463],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,142464,142465,142467,142469,142471,142473,142475,142477,142479,142481,142483,142485,142487,142489],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,142466,99],{"class":98},[47,142468,78],{"class":77},[47,142470,104],{"class":81},[47,142472,914],{"class":77},[47,142474,8571],{"class":81},[47,142476,8568],{"class":77},[47,142478,141178],{"class":81},[47,142480,78],{"class":77},[47,142482,309],{"class":151},[47,142484,42],{"class":155},[47,142486,309],{"class":151},[47,142488,5294],{"class":77},[47,142490,3599],{"class":1378},[373,142492,29584,142494,137024],{"id":142493},"calling-startswith-on-a-non-string-value",[15,142495,127470],{},[20,142497,142498],{},"This method works on strings, not numbers or lists.",[38,142500,142502],{"className":40,"code":142501,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 123\n\n# This will cause an error:\n# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[15,142503,142504,142512,142516,142521],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,142505,142506,142508,142510],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,142507,566],{"class":53},[47,142509,58],{"class":57},[47,142511,124784],{"class":61},[47,142513,142514],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,142515,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,142517,142518],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,142519,142520],{"class":1378},"# This will cause an error:\n",[47,142522,142523],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,142524,142525],{"class":1378},"# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[20,142527,39197],{},[38,142529,142531],{"className":40,"code":142530,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = str(123)\nprint(value.startswith(\"1\"))  # True\n",[15,142532,142533,142547],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,142534,142535,142537,142539,142541,142543,142545],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,142536,566],{"class":53},[47,142538,58],{"class":57},[47,142540,74],{"class":73},[47,142542,78],{"class":77},[47,142544,50171],{"class":61},[47,142546,85],{"class":77},[47,142548,142549,142551,142553,142555,142557,142559,142561,142563,142565,142567,142569],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,142550,99],{"class":98},[47,142552,78],{"class":77},[47,142554,585],{"class":81},[47,142556,914],{"class":77},[47,142558,141178],{"class":81},[47,142560,78],{"class":77},[47,142562,309],{"class":151},[47,142564,665],{"class":155},[47,142566,309],{"class":151},[47,142568,5294],{"class":77},[47,142570,3599],{"class":1378},[373,142572,37138,142574,8636,142576],{"id":142573},"confusing-startswith-with-in",[15,142575,127470],{},[15,142577,3819],{},[20,142579,142580,142582],{},[15,142581,127470],{}," checks only the beginning.",[20,142584,142585,142586,142588,142589,914],{},"If you want to know whether text appears anywhere, use ",[15,142587,3819],{}," or methods like ",[360,142590,142591],{"href":124112},[15,142592,124097],{},[38,142594,142596],{"className":40,"code":142595,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))  # False\nprint(\"world\" in text)           # True\n",[15,142597,142598,142610,142614,142638],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,142599,142600,142602,142604,142606,142608],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,142601,68],{"class":53},[47,142603,58],{"class":57},[47,142605,303],{"class":151},[47,142607,60334],{"class":155},[47,142609,820],{"class":151},[47,142611,142612],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,142613,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,142615,142616,142618,142620,142622,142624,142626,142628,142630,142632,142634,142636],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,142617,99],{"class":98},[47,142619,78],{"class":77},[47,142621,104],{"class":81},[47,142623,914],{"class":77},[47,142625,141178],{"class":81},[47,142627,78],{"class":77},[47,142629,309],{"class":151},[47,142631,60519],{"class":155},[47,142633,309],{"class":151},[47,142635,5294],{"class":77},[47,142637,4707],{"class":1378},[47,142639,142640,142642,142644,142646,142648,142650,142652,142654,142656],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,142641,99],{"class":98},[47,142643,78],{"class":77},[47,142645,309],{"class":151},[47,142647,60519],{"class":155},[47,142649,309],{"class":151},[47,142651,21109],{"class":3812},[47,142653,42772],{"class":81},[47,142655,862],{"class":77},[47,142657,142658],{"class":1378},"           # True\n",[20,142660,135576,142661,914],{},[360,142662,127138],{"href":123357},[373,142664,4639,142666,4329,142668,142670],{"id":142665},"forgetting-that-start-and-end-use-index-positions",[15,142667,36006],{},[15,142669,52587],{}," use index positions",[20,142672,142673,142674,914],{},"Python counts string positions starting at ",[15,142675,2077],{},[38,142677,142679],{"className":40,"code":142678,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"abcdef\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"cd\", 2))  # True\n",[15,142680,142681,142694,142698],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,142682,142683,142685,142687,142689,142692],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,142684,68],{"class":53},[47,142686,58],{"class":57},[47,142688,303],{"class":151},[47,142690,142691],{"class":155},"abcdef",[47,142693,820],{"class":151},[47,142695,142696],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,142697,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,142699,142700,142702,142704,142706,142708,142710,142712,142714,142717,142719,142721,142723,142725],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,142701,99],{"class":98},[47,142703,78],{"class":77},[47,142705,104],{"class":81},[47,142707,914],{"class":77},[47,142709,141178],{"class":81},[47,142711,78],{"class":77},[47,142713,309],{"class":151},[47,142715,142716],{"class":155},"cd",[47,142718,309],{"class":151},[47,142720,668],{"class":77},[47,142722,671],{"class":61},[47,142724,5294],{"class":77},[47,142726,3599],{"class":1378},[373,142728,142730],{"id":142729},"passing-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Passing a list instead of a tuple",[20,142732,142733],{},"Multiple prefixes must be given as a tuple, not a list.",[20,142735,16579],{},[38,142737,142739],{"className":40,"code":142738,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# text.startswith([\"Py\", \"Ja\"])\n",[15,142740,142741],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,142742,142743],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,142744,142738],{"class":1378},[20,142746,16591],{},[38,142748,142750],{"className":40,"code":142749,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))  # True\n",[15,142751,142752,142764],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,142753,142754,142756,142758,142760,142762],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,142755,68],{"class":53},[47,142757,58],{"class":57},[47,142759,303],{"class":151},[47,142761,7229],{"class":155},[47,142763,820],{"class":151},[47,142765,142766,142768,142770,142772,142774,142776,142778,142780,142782,142784,142786,142788,142791,142793,142795],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,142767,99],{"class":98},[47,142769,78],{"class":77},[47,142771,104],{"class":81},[47,142773,914],{"class":77},[47,142775,141178],{"class":81},[47,142777,5444],{"class":77},[47,142779,309],{"class":151},[47,142781,141289],{"class":155},[47,142783,309],{"class":151},[47,142785,668],{"class":77},[47,142787,303],{"class":151},[47,142789,142790],{"class":155},"Ja",[47,142792,309],{"class":151},[47,142794,51017],{"class":77},[47,142796,3599],{"class":1378},[20,142798,32017],{},[38,142800,142802],{"className":40,"code":142801,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))\n",[15,142803,142804,142814,142828,142850,142876],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,142805,142806,142808,142810,142812],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,142807,99],{"class":98},[47,142809,78],{"class":77},[47,142811,104],{"class":81},[47,142813,85],{"class":77},[47,142815,142816,142818,142820,142822,142824,142826],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,142817,99],{"class":98},[47,142819,78],{"class":77},[47,142821,116],{"class":73},[47,142823,78],{"class":77},[47,142825,104],{"class":81},[47,142827,123],{"class":77},[47,142829,142830,142832,142834,142836,142838,142840,142842,142844,142846,142848],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,142831,99],{"class":98},[47,142833,78],{"class":77},[47,142835,104],{"class":81},[47,142837,914],{"class":77},[47,142839,141178],{"class":81},[47,142841,78],{"class":77},[47,142843,309],{"class":151},[47,142845,141289],{"class":155},[47,142847,309],{"class":151},[47,142849,123],{"class":77},[47,142851,142852,142854,142856,142858,142860,142862,142864,142866,142868,142870,142872,142874],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,142853,99],{"class":98},[47,142855,78],{"class":77},[47,142857,104],{"class":81},[47,142859,914],{"class":77},[47,142861,8571],{"class":81},[47,142863,8568],{"class":77},[47,142865,141178],{"class":81},[47,142867,78],{"class":77},[47,142869,309],{"class":151},[47,142871,128548],{"class":155},[47,142873,309],{"class":151},[47,142875,123],{"class":77},[47,142877,142878,142880,142882,142884,142886,142888,142890,142892,142894,142896,142898,142900,142902,142904],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,142879,99],{"class":98},[47,142881,78],{"class":77},[47,142883,104],{"class":81},[47,142885,914],{"class":77},[47,142887,141178],{"class":81},[47,142889,5444],{"class":77},[47,142891,309],{"class":151},[47,142893,141289],{"class":155},[47,142895,309],{"class":151},[47,142897,668],{"class":77},[47,142899,303],{"class":151},[47,142901,142790],{"class":155},[47,142903,309],{"class":151},[47,142905,2854],{"class":77},[33,142907,1762],{"id":1761},[373,142909,1776,142911,127948],{"id":142910},"does-startswith-change-the-string",[15,142912,127470],{},[20,142914,142915,142916,1389,142918,914],{},"No. It only checks the string and returns ",[15,142917,212],{},[15,142919,3609],{},[373,142921,1786,142923,142925],{"id":142922},"can-startswith-check-more-than-one-prefix",[15,142924,127470],{}," check more than one prefix?",[20,142927,142928],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of strings, such as:",[38,142930,142932],{"className":40,"code":142931,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text.startswith((\"a\", \"b\"))\n",[15,142933,142934],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,142935,142936,142938,142940,142942,142944,142946,142948,142950,142952,142954,142956,142958],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,142937,104],{"class":53},[47,142939,914],{"class":77},[47,142941,141178],{"class":81},[47,142943,5444],{"class":77},[47,142945,309],{"class":151},[47,142947,360],{"class":155},[47,142949,309],{"class":151},[47,142951,668],{"class":77},[47,142953,303],{"class":151},[47,142955,4696],{"class":155},[47,142957,309],{"class":151},[47,142959,123],{"class":77},[373,142961,1806,142963,124438],{"id":142962},"is-startswith-case-sensitive",[15,142964,127470],{},[20,142966,129631],{},[373,142968,5111,142970,4329,142972,1812],{"id":142969},"what-is-the-difference-between-startswith-and-in",[15,142971,127470],{},[15,142973,3819],{},[20,142975,142976,142978,142979,142981],{},[15,142977,127470],{}," checks only the beginning. ",[15,142980,3819],{}," checks whether text appears anywhere in the string.",[373,142983,28262,142985,4329,142987,8636,142989,1812],{"id":142984},"can-i-use-start-and-end-with-startswith",[15,142986,36006],{},[15,142988,52587],{},[15,142990,127470],{},[20,142992,142993],{},"Yes. They let you limit which part of the string is checked.",[33,142995,1825],{"id":1824},[185,142997,142998,143004,143010,143016,143020],{},[188,142999,143000],{},[360,143001,126102,143002,10673],{"href":129696},[15,143003,126160],{},[188,143005,143006],{},[360,143007,126102,143008,10673],{"href":124112},[15,143009,124097],{},[188,143011,143012],{},[360,143013,126102,143014,10673],{"href":123829},[15,143015,123832],{},[188,143017,143018],{},[360,143019,124501],{"href":123357},[188,143021,143022],{},[360,143023,124857],{"href":50901},[1875,143025,143026],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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does",{"id":244,"depth":65,"text":245},{"id":141503,"depth":65,"text":141504,"children":143033},[143034,143035,143036,143037],{"id":141341,"depth":88,"text":141341},{"id":36006,"depth":88,"text":36006},{"id":52587,"depth":88,"text":52587},{"id":141670,"depth":88,"text":141671},{"id":1503,"depth":65,"text":1504},{"id":141848,"depth":65,"text":143040},"Using startswith() with start and end",{"id":142002,"depth":65,"text":142003},{"id":123748,"depth":65,"text":123749},{"id":142304,"depth":65,"text":143044},"When to use startswith()",{"id":2774,"depth":65,"text":2775,"children":143046},[143047,143048,143050,143052,143054],{"id":142410,"depth":88,"text":138542},{"id":142493,"depth":88,"text":143049},"Calling startswith() on a non-string value",{"id":142573,"depth":88,"text":143051},"Confusing startswith() with in",{"id":142665,"depth":88,"text":143053},"Forgetting that start and end use index positions",{"id":142729,"depth":88,"text":142730},{"id":1761,"depth":65,"text":1762,"children":143056},[143057,143059,143061,143063,143065],{"id":142910,"depth":88,"text":143058},"Does startswith() change the string?",{"id":142922,"depth":88,"text":143060},"Can startswith() check more than one prefix?",{"id":142962,"depth":88,"text":143062},"Is startswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":142969,"depth":88,"text":143064},"What is the difference between startswith() and in?",{"id":142984,"depth":88,"text":143066},"Can I use start and end with startswith()?",{"id":1824,"depth":65,"text":1825},"Master python string startswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method",{"title":141124,"description":143068},"reference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method","H88rt3Nz2-D86PhmC2_wUy4Ef0nzvARozFcg9L4vdZs",{"id":143075,"title":143076,"body":143077,"description":144531,"extension":1922,"meta":144532,"navigation":91,"path":144533,"seo":144534,"stem":144535,"__hash__":144536},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method.md","Python String strip() Method",{"type":7,"value":143078,"toc":144501},[143079,143084,143089,143092,143094,143138,143140,143148,143153,143158,143163,143165,143183,143185,143231,143233,143247,143256,143260,143262,143264,143276,143281,143284,143316,143318,143327,143332,143335,143376,143378,143386,143388,143401,143407,143411,143414,143430,143432,143481,143483,143492,143495,143554,143556,143565,143572,143575,143628,143630,143654,143661,143667,143671,143677,143680,143691,143693,143733,143735,143743,143745,143785,143787,143796,143798,143816,143819,143826,143837,143840,143857,143859,143936,143938,143969,143972,143974,143977,144003,144005,144045,144047,144056,144066,144074,144082,144087,144092,144094,144108,144110,144161,144163,144172,144182,144184,144186,144208,144211,144290,144292,144328,144331,144406,144411,144413,144419,144424,144429,144432,144438,144441,144448,144456,144460,144468,144470,144498],[10,143080,123102,143082,11256],{"id":143081},"python-string-strip-method",[15,143083,41587],{},[20,143085,22,143086,143088],{},[15,143087,41587],{}," method removes characters from the beginning and end of a string.",[20,143090,143091],{},"Beginners usually use it to remove extra whitespace, such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters. This is especially useful when cleaning user input or processing text from a file.",[33,143093,3544],{"id":3543},[38,143095,143097],{"className":40,"code":143096,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"  hello  \"\nclean_text = text.strip()\nprint(clean_text)\n",[15,143098,143099,143112,143127],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,143100,143101,143103,143105,143107,143110],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143102,68],{"class":53},[47,143104,58],{"class":57},[47,143106,303],{"class":151},[47,143108,143109],{"class":155},"  hello  ",[47,143111,820],{"class":151},[47,143113,143114,143117,143119,143121,143123,143125],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,143115,143116],{"class":53},"clean_text ",[47,143118,58],{"class":57},[47,143120,42772],{"class":53},[47,143122,914],{"class":77},[47,143124,8565],{"class":81},[47,143126,8574],{"class":77},[47,143128,143129,143131,143133,143136],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,143130,99],{"class":98},[47,143132,78],{"class":77},[47,143134,143135],{"class":81},"clean_text",[47,143137,85],{"class":77},[20,143139,129],{},[38,143141,143142],{"className":40,"code":138417,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,143143,143144],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,143145,143146],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143147,138417],{"class":53},[20,143149,165,143150,143152],{},[15,143151,41587],{}," to remove whitespace from both ends of a string. It does not change the original string.",[33,143154,172,143156,175],{"id":143155},"what-strip-does",[15,143157,41587],{},[20,143159,143160,143162],{},[15,143161,41587],{}," is a string method that returns a new string.",[20,143164,12986],{},[185,143166,143167,143171,143174,143177,143180],{},[188,143168,143169,131452],{},[15,143170,41587],{},[188,143172,143173],{},"It removes characters from the beginning and end only",[188,143175,143176],{},"By default, it removes whitespace",[188,143178,143179],{},"It does not remove characters from the middle of the string",[188,143181,143182],{},"Strings are immutable, so the original string stays the same",[20,143184,800],{},[38,143186,143188],{"className":40,"code":143187,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(text)\n",[15,143189,143190,143203,143207,143221],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,143191,143192,143194,143196,143198,143201],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143193,68],{"class":53},[47,143195,58],{"class":57},[47,143197,303],{"class":151},[47,143199,143200],{"class":155},"  hello world  ",[47,143202,820],{"class":151},[47,143204,143205],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,143206,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,143208,143209,143211,143213,143215,143217,143219],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,143210,99],{"class":98},[47,143212,78],{"class":77},[47,143214,104],{"class":81},[47,143216,914],{"class":77},[47,143218,8565],{"class":81},[47,143220,7127],{"class":77},[47,143222,143223,143225,143227,143229],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,143224,99],{"class":98},[47,143226,78],{"class":77},[47,143228,104],{"class":81},[47,143230,85],{"class":77},[20,143232,129],{},[38,143234,143236],{"className":40,"code":143235,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"hello world\n  hello world  \n",[15,143237,143238,143242],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,143239,143240],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143241,134118],{"class":53},[47,143243,143244],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,143245,143246],{"class":53},"  hello world\n",[20,143248,143249,143250,143252,143253,143255],{},"The cleaned version is returned by ",[15,143251,41587],{},", but the original ",[15,143254,104],{}," value is unchanged.",[20,143257,124854,143258,914],{},[360,143259,124857],{"href":50901},[33,143261,245],{"id":244},[20,143263,26420],{},[185,143265,143266,143271],{},[188,143267,143268],{},[15,143269,143270],{},"string.strip()",[188,143272,143273],{},[15,143274,143275],{},"string.strip(chars)",[373,143277,143279],{"id":143278},"stringstrip",[15,143280,143270],{},[20,143282,143283],{},"This removes whitespace from both ends:",[38,143285,143287],{"className":40,"code":143286,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"  Alice  \"\nprint(name.strip())\n",[15,143288,143289,143302],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,143290,143291,143293,143295,143297,143300],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143292,810],{"class":53},[47,143294,58],{"class":57},[47,143296,303],{"class":151},[47,143298,143299],{"class":155},"  Alice  ",[47,143301,820],{"class":151},[47,143303,143304,143306,143308,143310,143312,143314],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,143305,99],{"class":98},[47,143307,78],{"class":77},[47,143309,7601],{"class":81},[47,143311,914],{"class":77},[47,143313,8565],{"class":81},[47,143315,7127],{"class":77},[20,143317,129],{},[38,143319,143321],{"className":40,"code":143320,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Alice\n",[15,143322,143323],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,143324,143325],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143326,143320],{"class":53},[373,143328,143330],{"id":143329},"stringstripchars",[15,143331,143275],{},[20,143333,143334],{},"This removes any matching characters from both ends:",[38,143336,143338],{"className":40,"code":143337,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"!!hello??\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,143339,143340,143353],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,143341,143342,143344,143346,143348,143351],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143343,68],{"class":53},[47,143345,58],{"class":57},[47,143347,303],{"class":151},[47,143349,143350],{"class":155},"!!hello??",[47,143352,820],{"class":151},[47,143354,143355,143357,143359,143361,143363,143365,143367,143369,143372,143374],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,143356,99],{"class":98},[47,143358,78],{"class":77},[47,143360,104],{"class":81},[47,143362,914],{"class":77},[47,143364,8565],{"class":81},[47,143366,78],{"class":77},[47,143368,309],{"class":151},[47,143370,143371],{"class":155},"!?",[47,143373,309],{"class":151},[47,143375,123],{"class":77},[20,143377,129],{},[38,143379,143380],{"className":40,"code":138417,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,143381,143382],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,143383,143384],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143385,138417],{"class":53},[20,143387,83745],{},[185,143389,143390,143395],{},[188,143391,143392,143394],{},[15,143393,134361],{}," means a set of characters to remove from both ends",[188,143396,143397,143398,143400],{},"The order of characters in ",[15,143399,134361],{}," does not matter",[33,143402,143404,143405],{"id":143403},"remove-whitespace-with-strip","Remove whitespace with ",[15,143406,41587],{},[20,143408,30819,143409,914],{},[15,143410,41587],{},[20,143412,143413],{},"It is useful for:",[185,143415,143416,143421,143424,143427],{},[188,143417,143418,143419,3822],{},"Cleaning ",[15,143420,2900],{},[188,143422,143423],{},"Cleaning lines read from a file",[188,143425,143426],{},"Removing spaces before checking or comparing text",[188,143428,143429],{},"Removing tabs and newline characters at both ends",[20,143431,48287],{},[38,143433,143435],{"className":40,"code":143434,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"username = \"  sam  \"\nclean_username = username.strip()\n\nprint(clean_username)\n",[15,143436,143437,143450,143466,143470],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,143438,143439,143441,143443,143445,143448],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143440,7892],{"class":53},[47,143442,58],{"class":57},[47,143444,303],{"class":151},[47,143446,143447],{"class":155},"  sam  ",[47,143449,820],{"class":151},[47,143451,143452,143455,143457,143460,143462,143464],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,143453,143454],{"class":53},"clean_username ",[47,143456,58],{"class":57},[47,143458,143459],{"class":53}," username",[47,143461,914],{"class":77},[47,143463,8565],{"class":81},[47,143465,8574],{"class":77},[47,143467,143468],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,143469,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,143471,143472,143474,143476,143479],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,143473,99],{"class":98},[47,143475,78],{"class":77},[47,143477,143478],{"class":81},"clean_username",[47,143480,85],{"class":77},[20,143482,129],{},[38,143484,143486],{"className":40,"code":143485,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"sam\n",[15,143487,143488],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,143489,143490],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143491,143485],{"class":53},[20,143493,143494],{},"This matters when comparing strings:",[38,143496,143498],{"className":40,"code":143497,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"answer = \" yes  \"\n\nif answer.strip() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,143499,143500,143513,143517,143539],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,143501,143502,143504,143506,143508,143511],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143503,136345],{"class":53},[47,143505,58],{"class":57},[47,143507,303],{"class":151},[47,143509,143510],{"class":155}," yes  ",[47,143512,820],{"class":151},[47,143514,143515],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,143516,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,143518,143519,143521,143523,143525,143527,143529,143531,143533,143535,143537],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,143520,6930],{"class":3812},[47,143522,136365],{"class":53},[47,143524,914],{"class":77},[47,143526,8565],{"class":81},[47,143528,7298],{"class":77},[47,143530,6344],{"class":57},[47,143532,303],{"class":151},[47,143534,8589],{"class":155},[47,143536,309],{"class":151},[47,143538,6329],{"class":77},[47,143540,143541,143543,143545,143547,143550,143552],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,143542,8000],{"class":98},[47,143544,78],{"class":77},[47,143546,309],{"class":151},[47,143548,143549],{"class":155},"Matched",[47,143551,309],{"class":151},[47,143553,85],{"class":77},[20,143555,129],{},[38,143557,143559],{"className":40,"code":143558,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Matched\n",[15,143560,143561],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,143562,143563],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143564,143558],{"class":53},[20,143566,143567,143568,914],{},"If you want a broader guide, see ",[360,143569,143571],{"href":143570},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-whitespace-from-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[20,143573,143574],{},"Example with file-style text:",[38,143576,143578],{"className":40,"code":143577,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"line = \"Python basics\\n\"\nprint(repr(line))\nprint(repr(line.strip()))\n",[15,143579,143580,143596,143610],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,143581,143582,143585,143587,143589,143592,143594],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143583,143584],{"class":53},"line ",[47,143586,58],{"class":57},[47,143588,303],{"class":151},[47,143590,143591],{"class":155},"Python basics",[47,143593,87076],{"class":34387},[47,143595,820],{"class":151},[47,143597,143598,143600,143602,143604,143606,143608],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,143599,99],{"class":98},[47,143601,78],{"class":77},[47,143603,41713],{"class":98},[47,143605,78],{"class":77},[47,143607,49],{"class":81},[47,143609,123],{"class":77},[47,143611,143612,143614,143616,143618,143620,143622,143624,143626],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,143613,99],{"class":98},[47,143615,78],{"class":77},[47,143617,41713],{"class":98},[47,143619,78],{"class":77},[47,143621,49],{"class":81},[47,143623,914],{"class":77},[47,143625,8565],{"class":81},[47,143627,6225],{"class":77},[20,143629,129],{},[38,143631,143633],{"className":40,"code":143632,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"'Python basics\\n'\n'Python basics'\n",[15,143634,143635,143646],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,143636,143637,143639,143641,143644],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143638,159],{"class":43259},[47,143640,143591],{"class":43263},[47,143642,87076],{"class":143643},"sfi6f",[47,143645,29634],{"class":43259},[47,143647,143648,143650,143652],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,143649,159],{"class":43259},[47,143651,143591],{"class":43263},[47,143653,29634],{"class":43259},[20,143655,1335,143656,143658,143659,914],{},[15,143657,1099],{}," helps you see hidden characters like ",[15,143660,87076],{},[20,143662,143663,143664,914],{},"If you are working with files, see ",[360,143665,143666],{"href":87729},"how to read a file line by line in Python",[33,143668,143670],{"id":143669},"remove-specific-characters","Remove specific characters",[20,143672,143673,143674,914],{},"You can pass characters as an argument, such as ",[15,143675,143676],{},"strip(\"!?\")",[20,143678,143679],{},"Python will:",[185,143681,143682,143685,143688],{},[188,143683,143684],{},"Remove any matching character from both ends",[188,143686,143687],{},"Keep removing until it finds a character that is not in the set",[188,143689,143690],{},"Leave the middle of the string unchanged",[20,143692,800],{},[38,143694,143696],{"className":40,"code":143695,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"??hello!!\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,143697,143698,143711],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,143699,143700,143702,143704,143706,143709],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143701,68],{"class":53},[47,143703,58],{"class":57},[47,143705,303],{"class":151},[47,143707,143708],{"class":155},"??hello!!",[47,143710,820],{"class":151},[47,143712,143713,143715,143717,143719,143721,143723,143725,143727,143729,143731],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,143714,99],{"class":98},[47,143716,78],{"class":77},[47,143718,104],{"class":81},[47,143720,914],{"class":77},[47,143722,8565],{"class":81},[47,143724,78],{"class":77},[47,143726,309],{"class":151},[47,143728,143371],{"class":155},[47,143730,309],{"class":151},[47,143732,123],{"class":77},[20,143734,129],{},[38,143736,143737],{"className":40,"code":138417,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,143738,143739],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,143740,143741],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143742,138417],{"class":53},[20,143744,52006],{},[38,143746,143748],{"className":40,"code":143747,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"abcHelloCba\"\nprint(text.strip(\"abc\"))\n",[15,143749,143750,143763],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,143751,143752,143754,143756,143758,143761],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143753,68],{"class":53},[47,143755,58],{"class":57},[47,143757,303],{"class":151},[47,143759,143760],{"class":155},"abcHelloCba",[47,143762,820],{"class":151},[47,143764,143765,143767,143769,143771,143773,143775,143777,143779,143781,143783],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,143766,99],{"class":98},[47,143768,78],{"class":77},[47,143770,104],{"class":81},[47,143772,914],{"class":77},[47,143774,8565],{"class":81},[47,143776,78],{"class":77},[47,143778,309],{"class":151},[47,143780,41494],{"class":155},[47,143782,309],{"class":151},[47,143784,123],{"class":77},[20,143786,129],{},[38,143788,143790],{"className":40,"code":143789,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"HelloC\n",[15,143791,143792],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,143793,143794],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143795,143789],{"class":53},[20,143797,6170],{},[20,143799,143800,13989,143803,143805,143806,143808,143809,1752,143811,2148,143813,143815],{},[15,143801,143802],{},"strip(\"abc\")",[127,143804,768],{}," mean “remove the exact text ",[15,143807,41494],{}," once”. It means “remove any ",[15,143810,360],{},[15,143812,4696],{},[15,143814,9671],{}," characters from both ends”.",[20,143817,143818],{},"It also does not remove characters from the middle.",[20,143820,143821,143822,6565],{},"If you need to replace text anywhere in a string, use ",[360,143823,143824],{"href":129683},[15,143825,124273],{},[33,143827,143829,920,143831,920,143834],{"id":143828},"strip-vs-lstrip-vs-rstrip",[15,143830,41587],{},[15,143832,143833],{},"lstrip()",[15,143835,143836],{},"rstrip()",[20,143838,143839],{},"These methods are similar, but they remove characters from different sides.",[185,143841,143842,143847,143852],{},[188,143843,143844,143846],{},[15,143845,41587],{}," removes from both ends",[188,143848,143849,143851],{},[15,143850,143833],{}," removes from the left side only",[188,143853,143854,143856],{},[15,143855,143836],{}," removes from the right side only",[20,143858,800],{},[38,143860,143862],{"className":40,"code":143861,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"  hello  \"\n\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nprint(repr(text.lstrip()))\nprint(repr(text.rstrip()))\n",[15,143863,143864,143876,143880,143898,143917],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,143865,143866,143868,143870,143872,143874],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143867,68],{"class":53},[47,143869,58],{"class":57},[47,143871,303],{"class":151},[47,143873,143109],{"class":155},[47,143875,820],{"class":151},[47,143877,143878],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,143879,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,143881,143882,143884,143886,143888,143890,143892,143894,143896],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,143883,99],{"class":98},[47,143885,78],{"class":77},[47,143887,41713],{"class":98},[47,143889,78],{"class":77},[47,143891,104],{"class":81},[47,143893,914],{"class":77},[47,143895,8565],{"class":81},[47,143897,6225],{"class":77},[47,143899,143900,143902,143904,143906,143908,143910,143912,143915],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,143901,99],{"class":98},[47,143903,78],{"class":77},[47,143905,41713],{"class":98},[47,143907,78],{"class":77},[47,143909,104],{"class":81},[47,143911,914],{"class":77},[47,143913,143914],{"class":81},"lstrip",[47,143916,6225],{"class":77},[47,143918,143919,143921,143923,143925,143927,143929,143931,143934],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,143920,99],{"class":98},[47,143922,78],{"class":77},[47,143924,41713],{"class":98},[47,143926,78],{"class":77},[47,143928,104],{"class":81},[47,143930,914],{"class":77},[47,143932,143933],{"class":81},"rstrip",[47,143935,6225],{"class":77},[20,143937,129],{},[38,143939,143941],{"className":40,"code":143940,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"'hello'\n'hello  '\n'  hello'\n",[15,143942,143943,143951,143960],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,143944,143945,143947,143949],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143946,159],{"class":43259},[47,143948,3781],{"class":43263},[47,143950,29634],{"class":43259},[47,143952,143953,143955,143958],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,143954,159],{"class":43259},[47,143956,143957],{"class":43263},"hello  ",[47,143959,29634],{"class":43259},[47,143961,143962,143964,143967],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,143963,159],{"class":43259},[47,143965,143966],{"class":43263},"  hello",[47,143968,29634],{"class":43259},[20,143970,143971],{},"Choose the method based on which side needs cleaning.",[33,143973,108278],{"id":108277},[20,143975,143976],{},"These points are worth remembering:",[185,143978,143979,143987,143997,144000],{},[188,143980,143981,143983,143984,143986],{},[15,143982,143802],{}," does not remove the exact text ",[15,143985,41463],{}," once",[188,143988,143989,143990,1752,143992,2148,143994,143996],{},"It removes any of the characters ",[15,143991,360],{},[15,143993,4696],{},[15,143995,9671],{}," from both ends",[188,143998,143999],{},"Middle characters are untouched",[188,144001,144002],{},"Save the result to a variable if you want to use the cleaned string",[20,144004,800],{},[38,144006,144008],{"className":40,"code":144007,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"filename = \"txt_report.txt\"\nprint(filename.strip(\".txt\"))\n",[15,144009,144010,144023],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,144011,144012,144014,144016,144018,144021],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,144013,126185],{"class":53},[47,144015,58],{"class":57},[47,144017,303],{"class":151},[47,144019,144020],{"class":155},"txt_report.txt",[47,144022,820],{"class":151},[47,144024,144025,144027,144029,144031,144033,144035,144037,144039,144041,144043],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,144026,99],{"class":98},[47,144028,78],{"class":77},[47,144030,126203],{"class":81},[47,144032,914],{"class":77},[47,144034,8565],{"class":81},[47,144036,78],{"class":77},[47,144038,309],{"class":151},[47,144040,126238],{"class":155},[47,144042,309],{"class":151},[47,144044,123],{"class":77},[20,144046,129],{},[38,144048,144050],{"className":40,"code":144049,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"_report\n",[15,144051,144052],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,144053,144054],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,144055,144049],{"class":53},[20,144057,144058,144059,1752,144061,2148,144063,144065],{},"This happens because Python removes any ",[15,144060,914],{},[15,144062,63214],{},[15,144064,2131],{}," characters from both ends.",[20,144067,53580,144068,849,144071,144073],{},[15,144069,144070],{},"strip(\".txt\")",[127,144072,768],{}," a safe way to remove a file extension.",[20,144075,144076,144077,144081],{},"If you need to change exact text in a string, ",[360,144078,144079],{"href":129683},[15,144080,124273],{}," is often a better fit for simple cases.",[33,144083,773,144085],{"id":144084},"when-to-use-strip",[15,144086,41587],{},[20,144088,165,144089,144091],{},[15,144090,41587],{}," when you need to clean text at the edges of a string.",[20,144093,783],{},[185,144095,144096,144100,144102,144105],{},[188,144097,143418,144098,3822],{},[15,144099,2900],{},[188,144101,143423],{},[188,144103,144104],{},"Removing accidental spaces before validation",[188,144106,144107],{},"Preparing text before comparisons",[20,144109,800],{},[38,144111,144113],{"className":40,"code":144112,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"email = \"  user@example.com  \"\n\nif email.strip():\n    print(\"Email was entered\")\n",[15,144114,144115,144129,144133,144146],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,144116,144117,144120,144122,144124,144127],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,144118,144119],{"class":53},"email ",[47,144121,58],{"class":57},[47,144123,303],{"class":151},[47,144125,144126],{"class":155},"  user@example.com  ",[47,144128,820],{"class":151},[47,144130,144131],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,144132,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,144134,144135,144137,144140,144142,144144],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,144136,6930],{"class":3812},[47,144138,144139],{"class":53}," email",[47,144141,914],{"class":77},[47,144143,8565],{"class":81},[47,144145,21531],{"class":77},[47,144147,144148,144150,144152,144154,144157,144159],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,144149,8000],{"class":98},[47,144151,78],{"class":77},[47,144153,309],{"class":151},[47,144155,144156],{"class":155},"Email was entered",[47,144158,309],{"class":151},[47,144160,85],{"class":77},[20,144162,129],{},[38,144164,144166],{"className":40,"code":144165,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Email was entered\n",[15,144167,144168],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,144169,144170],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,144171,144165],{"class":53},[20,144173,144174,144175,144177,144178,914],{},"You may also combine ",[15,144176,41587],{}," with other string methods. For example, after removing extra spaces, you might convert text to lowercase with ",[360,144179,144180],{"href":123829},[15,144181,123832],{},[33,144183,2775],{"id":2774},[20,144185,84164],{},[185,144187,144188,144192,144197,144202],{},[188,144189,1400,144190,131322],{},[15,144191,41587],{},[188,144193,1400,144194,144196],{},[15,144195,41587],{}," to remove text from the middle",[188,144198,1335,144199,144201],{},[15,144200,144070],{}," and expecting only the exact file extension to be removed",[188,144203,4639,144204,144207],{},[15,144205,144206],{},"strip(chars)"," removes any matching characters, not a whole substring",[20,144209,144210],{},"Here is a quick debugging example:",[38,144212,144214],{"className":40,"code":144213,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"  hello\\n\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\n",[15,144215,144216,144230,144234,144244,144258,144272],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,144217,144218,144220,144222,144224,144226,144228],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,144219,68],{"class":53},[47,144221,58],{"class":57},[47,144223,303],{"class":151},[47,144225,143966],{"class":155},[47,144227,87076],{"class":34387},[47,144229,820],{"class":151},[47,144231,144232],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,144233,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,144235,144236,144238,144240,144242],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,144237,99],{"class":98},[47,144239,78],{"class":77},[47,144241,104],{"class":81},[47,144243,85],{"class":77},[47,144245,144246,144248,144250,144252,144254,144256],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,144247,99],{"class":98},[47,144249,78],{"class":77},[47,144251,41713],{"class":98},[47,144253,78],{"class":77},[47,144255,104],{"class":81},[47,144257,123],{"class":77},[47,144259,144260,144262,144264,144266,144268,144270],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,144261,99],{"class":98},[47,144263,78],{"class":77},[47,144265,104],{"class":81},[47,144267,914],{"class":77},[47,144269,8565],{"class":81},[47,144271,7127],{"class":77},[47,144273,144274,144276,144278,144280,144282,144284,144286,144288],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,144275,99],{"class":98},[47,144277,78],{"class":77},[47,144279,41713],{"class":98},[47,144281,78],{"class":77},[47,144283,104],{"class":81},[47,144285,914],{"class":77},[47,144287,8565],{"class":81},[47,144289,6225],{"class":77},[20,144291,129],{},[38,144293,144295],{"className":40,"code":144294,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"  hello\n\n'  hello\\n'\nhello\n'hello'\n",[15,144296,144297,144302,144306,144316,144320],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,144298,144299],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,144300,144301],{"class":53},"  hello\n",[47,144303,144304],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,144305,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,144307,144308,144310,144312,144314],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,144309,159],{"class":43259},[47,144311,143966],{"class":43263},[47,144313,87076],{"class":143643},[47,144315,29634],{"class":43259},[47,144317,144318],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,144319,138417],{"class":53},[47,144321,144322,144324,144326],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,144323,159],{"class":43259},[47,144325,3781],{"class":43263},[47,144327,29634],{"class":43259},[20,144329,144330],{},"Useful debugging commands:",[38,144332,144334],{"className":40,"code":144333,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nhelp(str.strip)\n",[15,144335,144336,144346,144360,144374,144392],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,144337,144338,144340,144342,144344],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,144339,99],{"class":98},[47,144341,78],{"class":77},[47,144343,104],{"class":81},[47,144345,85],{"class":77},[47,144347,144348,144350,144352,144354,144356,144358],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,144349,99],{"class":98},[47,144351,78],{"class":77},[47,144353,41713],{"class":98},[47,144355,78],{"class":77},[47,144357,104],{"class":81},[47,144359,123],{"class":77},[47,144361,144362,144364,144366,144368,144370,144372],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,144363,99],{"class":98},[47,144365,78],{"class":77},[47,144367,104],{"class":81},[47,144369,914],{"class":77},[47,144371,8565],{"class":81},[47,144373,7127],{"class":77},[47,144375,144376,144378,144380,144382,144384,144386,144388,144390],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,144377,99],{"class":98},[47,144379,78],{"class":77},[47,144381,41713],{"class":98},[47,144383,78],{"class":77},[47,144385,104],{"class":81},[47,144387,914],{"class":77},[47,144389,8565],{"class":81},[47,144391,6225],{"class":77},[47,144393,144394,144396,144398,144400,144402,144404],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,144395,32087],{"class":98},[47,144397,78],{"class":77},[47,144399,156],{"class":73},[47,144401,914],{"class":77},[47,144403,8565],{"class":24685},[47,144405,85],{"class":77},[20,144407,144408,144410],{},[15,144409,1099],{}," is very helpful because it shows hidden whitespace clearly.",[33,144412,1762],{"id":1761},[373,144414,1776,144416,144418],{"id":144415},"does-strip-remove-spaces-in-the-middle-of-a-string",[15,144417,41587],{}," remove spaces in the middle of a string?",[20,144420,1815,144421,144423],{},[15,144422,41587],{}," only removes characters from the start and end of the string.",[373,144425,1776,144427,124429],{"id":144426},"does-strip-change-the-original-string",[15,144428,41587],{},[20,144430,144431],{},"No. It returns a new string because Python strings are immutable.",[373,144433,1766,144435,144437],{"id":144434},"what-does-strip-remove-by-default",[15,144436,41587],{}," remove by default?",[20,144439,144440],{},"It removes whitespace such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters from both ends.",[373,144442,34139,144444,34142,144446,1812],{"id":144443},"how-is-strip-different-from-replace",[15,144445,41587],{},[15,144447,124273],{},[20,144449,144450,144452,144453,144455],{},[15,144451,41587],{}," removes characters only from the ends. ",[15,144454,124273],{}," can change matching text anywhere in the string.",[373,144457,144459],{"id":144458},"can-i-remove-only-the-left-or-right-side","Can I remove only the left or right side?",[20,144461,127975,144462,144464,144465,144467],{},[15,144463,143833],{}," for the left side and ",[15,144466,143836],{}," for the right side.",[33,144469,1825],{"id":1824},[185,144471,144472,144478,144484,144489,144494],{},[188,144473,144474],{},[360,144475,126102,144476,10673],{"href":123829},[15,144477,123832],{},[188,144479,144480],{},[360,144481,126102,144482,10673],{"href":129683},[15,144483,124273],{},[188,144485,144486],{},[360,144487,144488],{"href":143570},"How to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[188,144490,144491],{},[360,144492,144493],{"href":87729},"How to read a file line by line in Python",[188,144495,144496],{},[360,144497,124857],{"href":50901},[1875,144499,144500],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.sfi6f{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":65,"depth":65,"links":144502},[144503,144504,144506,144510,144512,144513,144515,144516,144518,144519,144530],{"id":3543,"depth":65,"text":3544},{"id":143155,"depth":65,"text":144505},"What strip() does",{"id":244,"depth":65,"text":245,"children":144507},[144508,144509],{"id":143278,"depth":88,"text":143270},{"id":143329,"depth":88,"text":143275},{"id":143403,"depth":65,"text":144511},"Remove whitespace with strip()",{"id":143669,"depth":65,"text":143670},{"id":143828,"depth":65,"text":144514},"strip() vs lstrip() vs rstrip()",{"id":108277,"depth":65,"text":108278},{"id":144084,"depth":65,"text":144517},"When to use strip()",{"id":2774,"depth":65,"text":2775},{"id":1761,"depth":65,"text":1762,"children":144520},[144521,144523,144525,144527,144529],{"id":144415,"depth":88,"text":144522},"Does strip() remove spaces in the middle of a string?",{"id":144426,"depth":88,"text":144524},"Does strip() change the original string?",{"id":144434,"depth":88,"text":144526},"What does strip() remove by default?",{"id":144443,"depth":88,"text":144528},"How is strip() different from replace()?",{"id":144458,"depth":88,"text":144459},{"id":1824,"depth":65,"text":1825},"Master python string strip method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method",{"title":143076,"description":144531},"reference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method","V33HNckrK0iU0Rb4v9xwAECg55fn4E8r6Jrd6VFtyd0",{"id":144538,"title":144539,"body":144540,"description":145720,"extension":1922,"meta":145721,"navigation":91,"path":145722,"seo":145723,"stem":145724,"__hash__":145725},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method.md","Python String upper() Method",{"type":7,"value":144541,"toc":145690},[144542,144547,144552,144557,144559,144605,144613,144618,144632,144638,144640,144642,144657,144659,144669,144672,144703,144706,144729,144731,144734,144791,144793,144807,144809,144823,144829,144834,144837,144878,144880,144889,144897,144900,144945,144947,144956,144959,144963,144968,144982,144984,145016,145018,145038,145041,145046,145051,145053,145064,145067,145124,145126,145134,145143,145145,145147,145153,145155,145192,145194,145202,145204,145245,145247,145256,145261,145266,145268,145295,145302,145305,145336,145338,145347,145353,145362,145393,145395,145407,145420,145424,145429,145459,145461,145528,145530,145540,145542,145547,145550,145555,145560,145564,145570,145576,145579,145581,145639,145641,145649,145651,145687],[10,144543,123102,144545,11256],{"id":144544},"python-string-upper-method",[15,144546,127980],{},[20,144548,123107,144549,144551],{},[15,144550,127980],{}," method returns a new string with lowercase letters changed to uppercase.",[20,144553,84541,144554,144556],{},[15,144555,127980],{}," does, how to use it, what it returns, and a few common beginner mistakes. It stays focused on the method itself.",[33,144558,36],{"id":35},[38,144560,144562],{"className":40,"code":144561,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Hello World\"\nresult = text.upper()\nprint(result)\n# HELLO WORLD\n",[15,144563,144564,144576,144590,144600],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,144565,144566,144568,144570,144572,144574],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,144567,68],{"class":53},[47,144569,58],{"class":57},[47,144571,303],{"class":151},[47,144573,128821],{"class":155},[47,144575,820],{"class":151},[47,144577,144578,144580,144582,144584,144586,144588],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,144579,2184],{"class":53},[47,144581,58],{"class":57},[47,144583,42772],{"class":53},[47,144585,914],{"class":77},[47,144587,34412],{"class":81},[47,144589,8574],{"class":77},[47,144591,144592,144594,144596,144598],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,144593,99],{"class":98},[47,144595,78],{"class":77},[47,144597,2218],{"class":81},[47,144599,85],{"class":77},[47,144601,144602],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,144603,144604],{"class":1378},"# HELLO WORLD\n",[20,144606,144607,144609,144610,144612],{},[15,144608,127980],{}," returns a new string with letters changed to uppercase. It does ",[127,144611,768],{}," change the original string in place.",[33,144614,172,144616,175],{"id":144615},"what-upper-does",[15,144617,127980],{},[185,144619,144620,144625,144628,144630],{},[188,144621,144622,144624],{},[15,144623,127980],{}," returns a copy of a string with lowercase letters converted to uppercase",[188,144626,144627],{},"It works on string values only",[188,144629,133350],{},[188,144631,136068],{},[20,144633,124854,144634,1389,144636,914],{},[360,144635,136074],{"href":136073},[360,144637,124857],{"href":50901},[33,144639,245],{"id":244},[20,144641,2117],{},[38,144643,144645],{"className":40,"code":144644,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"string.upper()\n",[15,144646,144647],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,144648,144649,144651,144653,144655],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,144650,61102],{"class":53},[47,144652,914],{"class":77},[47,144654,34412],{"class":81},[47,144656,8574],{"class":77},[20,144658,1515],{},[185,144660,144661,144663,144666],{},[188,144662,97443],{},[188,144664,144665],{},"You call it on a string variable or string literal",[188,144667,144668],{},"It returns the uppercase version of the string",[20,144670,144671],{},"Example with a variable:",[38,144673,144675],{"className":40,"code":144674,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"python\"\nprint(name.upper())\n",[15,144676,144677,144689],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,144678,144679,144681,144683,144685,144687],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,144680,810],{"class":53},[47,144682,58],{"class":57},[47,144684,303],{"class":151},[47,144686,42],{"class":155},[47,144688,820],{"class":151},[47,144690,144691,144693,144695,144697,144699,144701],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,144692,99],{"class":98},[47,144694,78],{"class":77},[47,144696,7601],{"class":81},[47,144698,914],{"class":77},[47,144700,34412],{"class":81},[47,144702,7127],{"class":77},[20,144704,144705],{},"Example with a string literal:",[38,144707,144709],{"className":40,"code":144708,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(\"hello\".upper())\n",[15,144710,144711],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,144712,144713,144715,144717,144719,144721,144723,144725,144727],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,144714,99],{"class":98},[47,144716,78],{"class":77},[47,144718,309],{"class":151},[47,144720,3781],{"class":155},[47,144722,309],{"class":151},[47,144724,914],{"class":77},[47,144726,34412],{"class":81},[47,144728,7127],{"class":77},[33,144730,11409],{"id":11408},[20,144732,144733],{},"Here is a basic example that converts a lowercase word to uppercase and stores the result in a new variable:",[38,144735,144737],{"className":40,"code":144736,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"word = \"banana\"\nuppercase_word = word.upper()\n\nprint(word)\nprint(uppercase_word)\n",[15,144738,144739,144751,144766,144770,144780],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,144740,144741,144743,144745,144747,144749],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,144742,6089],{"class":53},[47,144744,58],{"class":57},[47,144746,303],{"class":151},[47,144748,1434],{"class":155},[47,144750,820],{"class":151},[47,144752,144753,144756,144758,144760,144762,144764],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,144754,144755],{"class":53},"uppercase_word ",[47,144757,58],{"class":57},[47,144759,38316],{"class":53},[47,144761,914],{"class":77},[47,144763,34412],{"class":81},[47,144765,8574],{"class":77},[47,144767,144768],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,144769,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,144771,144772,144774,144776,144778],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,144773,99],{"class":98},[47,144775,78],{"class":77},[47,144777,38326],{"class":81},[47,144779,85],{"class":77},[47,144781,144782,144784,144786,144789],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,144783,99],{"class":98},[47,144785,78],{"class":77},[47,144787,144788],{"class":81},"uppercase_word",[47,144790,85],{"class":77},[20,144792,129],{},[38,144794,144796],{"className":40,"code":144795,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"banana\nBANANA\n",[15,144797,144798,144802],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,144799,144800],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,144801,70333],{"class":53},[47,144803,144804],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,144805,144806],{"class":34387},"BANANA\n",[20,144808,112384],{},[185,144810,144811,144816],{},[188,144812,144813,144815],{},[15,144814,38326],{}," keeps its original value",[188,144817,144818,144820,144821],{},[15,144819,144788],{}," stores the returned value from ",[15,144822,127980],{},[33,144824,144826,144828],{"id":144825},"upper-does-not-change-the-original-string",[15,144827,127980],{}," does not change the original string",[20,144830,136734,144831,144833],{},[127,144832,136737],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change the characters inside a string directly.",[20,144835,144836],{},"So this method:",[38,144838,144840],{"className":40,"code":144839,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"alice\"\nname.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,144841,144842,144854,144864,144868],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,144843,144844,144846,144848,144850,144852],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,144845,810],{"class":53},[47,144847,58],{"class":57},[47,144849,303],{"class":151},[47,144851,17738],{"class":155},[47,144853,820],{"class":151},[47,144855,144856,144858,144860,144862],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,144857,7601],{"class":53},[47,144859,914],{"class":77},[47,144861,34412],{"class":81},[47,144863,8574],{"class":77},[47,144865,144866],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,144867,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,144869,144870,144872,144874,144876],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,144871,99],{"class":98},[47,144873,78],{"class":77},[47,144875,7601],{"class":81},[47,144877,85],{"class":77},[20,144879,129],{},[38,144881,144883],{"className":40,"code":144882,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"alice\n",[15,144884,144885],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,144886,144887],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,144888,144882],{"class":53},[20,144890,20913,144891,144893,144894,144896],{},[15,144892,127980],{}," was called, ",[15,144895,7601],{}," did not change because the result was not saved.",[20,144898,144899],{},"If you want to keep the uppercase version, assign it back to the variable:",[38,144901,144903],{"className":40,"code":144902,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"alice\"\nname = name.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,144904,144905,144917,144931,144935],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,144906,144907,144909,144911,144913,144915],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,144908,810],{"class":53},[47,144910,58],{"class":57},[47,144912,303],{"class":151},[47,144914,17738],{"class":155},[47,144916,820],{"class":151},[47,144918,144919,144921,144923,144925,144927,144929],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,144920,810],{"class":53},[47,144922,58],{"class":57},[47,144924,35925],{"class":53},[47,144926,914],{"class":77},[47,144928,34412],{"class":81},[47,144930,8574],{"class":77},[47,144932,144933],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,144934,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,144936,144937,144939,144941,144943],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,144938,99],{"class":98},[47,144940,78],{"class":77},[47,144942,7601],{"class":81},[47,144944,85],{"class":77},[20,144946,129],{},[38,144948,144950],{"className":40,"code":144949,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"ALICE\n",[15,144951,144952],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,144953,144954],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,144955,144949],{"class":34387},[20,144957,144958],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes with string methods.",[33,144960,144962],{"id":144961},"what-happens-to-numbers-spaces-and-symbols","What happens to numbers, spaces, and symbols",[20,144964,144965,144967],{},[15,144966,127980],{}," only changes letters that have uppercase forms.",[185,144969,144970,144973,144976,144979],{},[188,144971,144972],{},"Numbers stay the same",[188,144974,144975],{},"Spaces stay the same",[188,144977,144978],{},"Punctuation stays the same",[188,144980,144981],{},"Only letters are changed",[20,144983,800],{},[38,144985,144987],{"className":40,"code":144986,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Room 7, table #3!\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,144988,144989,145002],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,144990,144991,144993,144995,144997,145000],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,144992,68],{"class":53},[47,144994,58],{"class":57},[47,144996,303],{"class":151},[47,144998,144999],{"class":155},"Room 7, table #3!",[47,145001,820],{"class":151},[47,145003,145004,145006,145008,145010,145012,145014],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,145005,99],{"class":98},[47,145007,78],{"class":77},[47,145009,104],{"class":81},[47,145011,914],{"class":77},[47,145013,34412],{"class":81},[47,145015,7127],{"class":77},[20,145017,129],{},[38,145019,145021],{"className":40,"code":145020,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"ROOM 7, TABLE #3!\n",[15,145022,145023],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145024,145025,145028,145030,145032,145035],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145026,145027],{"class":34387},"ROOM",[47,145029,5928],{"class":61},[47,145031,668],{"class":77},[47,145033,145034],{"class":34387}," TABLE",[47,145036,145037],{"class":1378}," #3!\n",[20,145039,145040],{},"The letters changed to uppercase, but the number, space, comma, and symbol stayed the same.",[33,145042,773,145044],{"id":145043},"when-to-use-upper",[15,145045,127980],{},[20,145047,145048,145050],{},[15,145049,127980],{}," is useful when you want to standardize text.",[20,145052,48265],{},[185,145054,145055,145058,145061],{},[188,145056,145057],{},"Standardize user input for comparisons",[188,145059,145060],{},"Format labels or headings",[188,145062,145063],{},"Make text easier to compare in simple cases",[20,145065,145066],{},"Example: simple comparison",[38,145068,145070],{"className":40,"code":145069,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"answer = \"yes\"\n\nif answer.upper() == \"YES\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,145071,145072,145084,145088,145110],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145073,145074,145076,145078,145080,145082],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145075,136345],{"class":53},[47,145077,58],{"class":57},[47,145079,303],{"class":151},[47,145081,8589],{"class":155},[47,145083,820],{"class":151},[47,145085,145086],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,145087,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,145089,145090,145092,145094,145096,145098,145100,145102,145104,145106,145108],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,145091,6930],{"class":3812},[47,145093,136365],{"class":53},[47,145095,914],{"class":77},[47,145097,34412],{"class":81},[47,145099,7298],{"class":77},[47,145101,6344],{"class":57},[47,145103,303],{"class":151},[47,145105,136352],{"class":155},[47,145107,309],{"class":151},[47,145109,6329],{"class":77},[47,145111,145112,145114,145116,145118,145120,145122],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,145113,8000],{"class":98},[47,145115,78],{"class":77},[47,145117,309],{"class":151},[47,145119,143549],{"class":155},[47,145121,309],{"class":151},[47,145123,85],{"class":77},[20,145125,129],{},[38,145127,145128],{"className":40,"code":143558,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,145129,145130],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145131,145132],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145133,143558],{"class":53},[20,145135,145136,145137,1752,145139,2148,145141,914],{},"This can help when users type different letter cases, such as ",[15,145138,8589],{},[15,145140,137138],{},[15,145142,136352],{},[33,145144,2775],{"id":2774},[373,145146,95804],{"id":95803},[20,145148,8048,145149,145152],{},[15,145150,145151],{},"text.upper()"," to change the original variable automatically.",[20,145154,16579],{},[38,145156,145158],{"className":40,"code":145157,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,145159,145160,145172,145182],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145161,145162,145164,145166,145168,145170],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145163,68],{"class":53},[47,145165,58],{"class":57},[47,145167,303],{"class":151},[47,145169,3781],{"class":155},[47,145171,820],{"class":151},[47,145173,145174,145176,145178,145180],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,145175,104],{"class":53},[47,145177,914],{"class":77},[47,145179,34412],{"class":81},[47,145181,8574],{"class":77},[47,145183,145184,145186,145188,145190],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,145185,99],{"class":98},[47,145187,78],{"class":77},[47,145189,104],{"class":81},[47,145191,85],{"class":77},[20,145193,129],{},[38,145195,145196],{"className":40,"code":138417,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,145197,145198],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145199,145200],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145201,138417],{"class":53},[20,145203,16591],{},[38,145205,145207],{"className":40,"code":145206,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\ntext = text.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,145208,145209,145221,145235],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145210,145211,145213,145215,145217,145219],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145212,68],{"class":53},[47,145214,58],{"class":57},[47,145216,303],{"class":151},[47,145218,3781],{"class":155},[47,145220,820],{"class":151},[47,145222,145223,145225,145227,145229,145231,145233],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,145224,68],{"class":53},[47,145226,58],{"class":57},[47,145228,42772],{"class":53},[47,145230,914],{"class":77},[47,145232,34412],{"class":81},[47,145234,8574],{"class":77},[47,145236,145237,145239,145241,145243],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,145238,99],{"class":98},[47,145240,78],{"class":77},[47,145242,104],{"class":81},[47,145244,85],{"class":77},[20,145246,129],{},[38,145248,145250],{"className":40,"code":145249,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"HELLO\n",[15,145251,145252],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145253,145254],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145255,145249],{"class":34387},[373,145257,18843,145259,137024],{"id":145258},"trying-to-call-upper-on-a-non-string-value",[15,145260,127980],{},[20,145262,145263,145265],{},[15,145264,127980],{}," is a string method. If the value is not a string, it will fail.",[20,145267,800],{},[38,145269,145271],{"className":40,"code":145270,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"number = 123\nprint(number.upper())\n",[15,145272,145273,145281],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145274,145275,145277,145279],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145276,386],{"class":53},[47,145278,58],{"class":57},[47,145280,124784],{"class":61},[47,145282,145283,145285,145287,145289,145291,145293],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,145284,99],{"class":98},[47,145286,78],{"class":77},[47,145288,404],{"class":81},[47,145290,914],{"class":77},[47,145292,34412],{"class":81},[47,145294,7127],{"class":77},[20,145296,39589,145297,145299,145300,33534],{},[15,145298,1050],{}," objects do not have an ",[15,145301,127980],{},[20,145303,145304],{},"If needed, convert the value to a string first:",[38,145306,145308],{"className":40,"code":145307,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"number = 123\nprint(str(number).upper())\n",[15,145309,145310,145318],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145311,145312,145314,145316],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145313,386],{"class":53},[47,145315,58],{"class":57},[47,145317,124784],{"class":61},[47,145319,145320,145322,145324,145326,145328,145330,145332,145334],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,145321,99],{"class":98},[47,145323,78],{"class":77},[47,145325,156],{"class":73},[47,145327,78],{"class":77},[47,145329,404],{"class":81},[47,145331,8562],{"class":77},[47,145333,34412],{"class":81},[47,145335,7127],{"class":77},[20,145337,129],{},[38,145339,145341],{"className":40,"code":145340,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"123\n",[15,145342,145343],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145344,145345],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145346,145340],{"class":61},[373,145348,37138,145350,145352],{"id":145349},"confusing-upper-with-title-case",[15,145351,127980],{}," with title case",[20,145354,145355,145357,145358,145361],{},[15,145356,127980],{}," makes ",[127,145359,145360],{},"all letters uppercase",". It does not make every word start with a capital letter.",[38,145363,145365],{"className":40,"code":145364,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,145366,145367,145379],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145368,145369,145371,145373,145375,145377],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145370,68],{"class":53},[47,145372,58],{"class":57},[47,145374,303],{"class":151},[47,145376,60334],{"class":155},[47,145378,820],{"class":151},[47,145380,145381,145383,145385,145387,145389,145391],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,145382,99],{"class":98},[47,145384,78],{"class":77},[47,145386,104],{"class":81},[47,145388,914],{"class":77},[47,145390,34412],{"class":81},[47,145392,7127],{"class":77},[20,145394,129],{},[38,145396,145398],{"className":40,"code":145397,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"HELLO WORLD\n",[15,145399,145400],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145401,145402,145404],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145403,136126],{"class":34387},[47,145405,145406],{"class":34387}," WORLD\n",[20,145408,145409,145410,145414,145415,145419],{},"If your goal is different, another method may fit better. For example, ",[360,145411,145412],{"href":123829},[15,145413,123832],{}," makes text lowercase, and ",[360,145416,145417],{"href":129683},[15,145418,124273],{}," changes parts of a string.",[33,145421,145423],{"id":145422},"related-string-methods","Related string methods",[20,145425,145426,145427,2826],{},"These string methods are often used with ",[15,145428,127980],{},[185,145430,145431,145438,145445,145452],{},[188,145432,145433,145437],{},[360,145434,145435],{"href":123829},[15,145436,123832],{}," for lowercase text",[188,145439,145440,145444],{},[360,145441,145442],{"href":136672},[15,145443,41587],{}," for removing leading and trailing whitespace",[188,145446,145447,145451],{},[360,145448,145449],{"href":129683},[15,145450,124273],{}," for changing parts of a string",[188,145453,145454,4329,145456,145458],{},[15,145455,127470],{},[15,145457,126160],{}," for checks",[20,145460,800],{},[38,145462,145464],{"className":40,"code":145463,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\ncleaned = text.strip()\nloud = cleaned.upper()\n\nprint(loud)\n",[15,145465,145466,145478,145482,145497,145513,145517],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145467,145468,145470,145472,145474,145476],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145469,68],{"class":53},[47,145471,58],{"class":57},[47,145473,303],{"class":151},[47,145475,143200],{"class":155},[47,145477,820],{"class":151},[47,145479,145480],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,145481,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,145483,145484,145487,145489,145491,145493,145495],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,145485,145486],{"class":53},"cleaned ",[47,145488,58],{"class":57},[47,145490,42772],{"class":53},[47,145492,914],{"class":77},[47,145494,8565],{"class":81},[47,145496,8574],{"class":77},[47,145498,145499,145502,145504,145507,145509,145511],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,145500,145501],{"class":53},"loud ",[47,145503,58],{"class":57},[47,145505,145506],{"class":53}," cleaned",[47,145508,914],{"class":77},[47,145510,34412],{"class":81},[47,145512,8574],{"class":77},[47,145514,145515],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,145516,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,145518,145519,145521,145523,145526],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,145520,99],{"class":98},[47,145522,78],{"class":77},[47,145524,145525],{"class":81},"loud",[47,145527,85],{"class":77},[20,145529,129],{},[38,145531,145532],{"className":40,"code":145397,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,145533,145534],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145535,145536,145538],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145537,136126],{"class":34387},[47,145539,145406],{"class":34387},[33,145541,1762],{"id":1761},[373,145543,1776,145545,124429],{"id":145544},"does-upper-change-the-original-string",[15,145546,127980],{},[20,145548,145549],{},"No. It returns a new uppercase string. Save the result if you want to keep it.",[373,145551,1776,145553,137406],{"id":145552},"does-upper-take-any-arguments",[15,145554,127980],{},[20,145556,145557,145558,914],{},"No. The method is called with empty parentheses: ",[15,145559,145151],{},[373,145561,145563],{"id":145562},"what-happens-to-numbers-and-symbols","What happens to numbers and symbols?",[20,145565,145566,145567,145569],{},"They stay the same. ",[15,145568,127980],{}," only changes letters that can be converted to uppercase.",[373,145571,28262,145573,145575],{"id":145572},"can-i-use-upper-for-case-insensitive-comparison",[15,145574,127980],{}," for case-insensitive comparison?",[20,145577,145578],{},"Yes, for simple cases. Convert both strings before comparing them.",[20,145580,800],{},[38,145582,145584],{"className":40,"code":145583,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = \"python\"\nb = \"PYTHON\"\n\nprint(a.upper() == b.upper())\n",[15,145585,145586,145598,145611,145615],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145587,145588,145590,145592,145594,145596],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145589,2501],{"class":53},[47,145591,58],{"class":57},[47,145593,303],{"class":151},[47,145595,42],{"class":155},[47,145597,820],{"class":151},[47,145599,145600,145602,145604,145606,145609],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,145601,2529],{"class":53},[47,145603,58],{"class":57},[47,145605,303],{"class":151},[47,145607,145608],{"class":155},"PYTHON",[47,145610,820],{"class":151},[47,145612,145613],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,145614,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,145616,145617,145619,145621,145623,145625,145627,145629,145631,145633,145635,145637],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,145618,99],{"class":98},[47,145620,78],{"class":77},[47,145622,360],{"class":81},[47,145624,914],{"class":77},[47,145626,34412],{"class":81},[47,145628,7298],{"class":77},[47,145630,6344],{"class":57},[47,145632,2506],{"class":81},[47,145634,914],{"class":77},[47,145636,34412],{"class":81},[47,145638,7127],{"class":77},[20,145640,129],{},[38,145642,145643],{"className":40,"code":629,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,145644,145645],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145646,145647],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145648,629],{"class":571},[33,145650,1825],{"id":1824},[185,145652,145653,145657,145663,145669,145675,145679,145683],{},[188,145654,145655],{},[360,145656,124857],{"href":50901},[188,145658,145659],{},[360,145660,126102,145661,10673],{"href":123829},[15,145662,123832],{},[188,145664,145665],{},[360,145666,126102,145667,10673],{"href":136672},[15,145668,41587],{},[188,145670,145671],{},[360,145672,126102,145673,10673],{"href":129683},[15,145674,124273],{},[188,145676,145677],{},[360,145678,1866],{"href":912},[188,145680,145681],{},[360,145682,124501],{"href":123357},[188,145684,145685],{},[360,145686,137492],{"href":136073},[1875,145688,145689],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":65,"depth":65,"links":145691},[145692,145693,145695,145696,145697,145699,145700,145702,145709,145710,145719],{"id":35,"depth":65,"text":36},{"id":144615,"depth":65,"text":145694},"What upper() does",{"id":244,"depth":65,"text":245},{"id":11408,"depth":65,"text":11409},{"id":144825,"depth":65,"text":145698},"upper() does not change the original string",{"id":144961,"depth":65,"text":144962},{"id":145043,"depth":65,"text":145701},"When to use upper()",{"id":2774,"depth":65,"text":2775,"children":145703},[145704,145705,145707],{"id":95803,"depth":88,"text":95804},{"id":145258,"depth":88,"text":145706},"Trying to call upper() on a non-string value",{"id":145349,"depth":88,"text":145708},"Confusing upper() with title case",{"id":145422,"depth":65,"text":145423},{"id":1761,"depth":65,"text":1762,"children":145711},[145712,145714,145716,145717],{"id":145544,"depth":88,"text":145713},"Does upper() change the original string?",{"id":145552,"depth":88,"text":145715},"Does upper() take any arguments?",{"id":145562,"depth":88,"text":145563},{"id":145572,"depth":88,"text":145718},"Can I use upper() for case-insensitive comparison?",{"id":1824,"depth":65,"text":1825},"Master python string upper method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method",{"title":144539,"description":145720},"reference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method","CsxUKCdYvLDpit9Dq111nYxjaDPu17cNNaa2kyQ-PpY",{"id":145727,"title":145728,"body":145729,"description":147606,"extension":1922,"meta":147607,"navigation":91,"path":147608,"seo":147609,"stem":147610,"__hash__":147611},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained.md","Python sum() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":145730,"toc":147556},[145731,145737,145744,145750,145752,145808,145813,145818,145823,145826,145845,145848,145850,145874,145892,145903,145905,145908,145961,145963,145971,145973,145991,145996,145999,146056,146058,146067,146070,146090,146093,146099,146104,146106,146149,146151,146159,146162,146203,146205,146214,146220,146226,146253,146255,146263,146268,146272,146284,146327,146329,146337,146342,146348,146353,146357,146359,146402,146405,146452,146454,146463,146470,146474,146477,146523,146528,146532,146534,146577,146580,146588,146590,146595,146597,146599,146618,146621,146633,146635,146654,146656,146664,146668,146670,146721,146724,146799,146801,146809,146812,146816,146818,146865,146868,146939,146941,146949,146955,146957,147032,147036,147115,147117,147125,147131,147137,147142,147147,147196,147200,147271,147274,147279,147290,147293,147304,147314,147316,147321,147346,147351,147432,147434,147459,147461,147466,147469,147475,147484,147490,147493,147499,147505,147512,147515,147517,147553],[10,145732,13,145734,18],{"id":145733},"python-sum-function-explained",[15,145735,145736],{},"sum()",[20,145738,9055,145739,145741,145742,24699],{},[15,145740,145736],{}," function adds numbers from an iterable such as a list, tuple, or ",[15,145743,59926],{},[20,145745,145746,145747,145749],{},"It is one of the simplest ways to get a total in Python. Beginners often use it to add all numbers in a list, but it also has an optional ",[15,145748,36006],{}," value and a few important limits.",[33,145751,36],{"id":35},[38,145753,145755],{"className":40,"code":145754,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)  # 10\n",[15,145756,145757,145781,145796],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145758,145759,145761,145763,145765,145767,145769,145771,145773,145775,145777,145779],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145760,3554],{"class":53},[47,145762,58],{"class":57},[47,145764,662],{"class":77},[47,145766,665],{"class":61},[47,145768,668],{"class":77},[47,145770,671],{"class":61},[47,145772,668],{"class":77},[47,145774,676],{"class":61},[47,145776,668],{"class":77},[47,145778,2404],{"class":61},[47,145780,679],{"class":77},[47,145782,145783,145785,145787,145790,145792,145794],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,145784,41116],{"class":53},[47,145786,58],{"class":57},[47,145788,145789],{"class":98}," sum",[47,145791,78],{"class":77},[47,145793,3584],{"class":81},[47,145795,85],{"class":77},[47,145797,145798,145800,145802,145804,145806],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,145799,99],{"class":98},[47,145801,78],{"class":77},[47,145803,41145],{"class":81},[47,145805,862],{"class":77},[47,145807,26728],{"class":1378},[20,145809,165,145810,145812],{},[15,145811,145736],{}," to add numbers from an iterable like a list or tuple.",[33,145814,172,145816,175],{"id":145815},"what-sum-does",[15,145817,145736],{},[20,145819,145820,145822],{},[15,145821,145736],{}," adds numeric values from an iterable.",[20,145824,145825],{},"Common beginner uses include:",[185,145827,145828,145831,145834,145839],{},[188,145829,145830],{},"Adding numbers in a list",[188,145832,145833],{},"Adding values in a tuple",[188,145835,145836,145837],{},"Adding numbers from ",[15,145838,36132],{},[188,145840,145841,145842,145844],{},"Counting ",[15,145843,212],{}," values in a list of booleans",[20,145846,145847],{},"It returns the final total as a number.",[33,145849,245],{"id":244},[38,145851,145853],{"className":40,"code":145852,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"sum(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,145854,145855],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145856,145857,145860,145862,145864,145866,145868,145870,145872],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145858,145859],{"class":98},"sum",[47,145861,78],{"class":77},[47,145863,3655],{"class":81},[47,145865,668],{"class":77},[47,145867,35985],{"class":9108},[47,145869,58],{"class":57},[47,145871,2077],{"class":61},[47,145873,85],{"class":77},[185,145875,145876,145881,145886],{},[188,145877,145878,145880],{},[15,145879,3655],{}," is the group of values to add",[188,145882,145883,145885],{},[15,145884,36006],{}," is an optional value added before the iterable values",[188,145887,145888,145889],{},"Most of the time, beginners only need ",[15,145890,145891],{},"sum(iterable)",[20,145893,145894,145895,145898,145899,914],{},"If you are new to the word ",[145896,145897,3655],"em",{},", think of it as a group of values you can loop through, such as a list, tuple, or ",[360,145900,145901,24552],{"href":36129},[15,145902,36132],{},[33,145904,11409],{"id":11408},[20,145906,145907],{},"Here is a basic example with a list of integers:",[38,145909,145911],{"className":40,"code":145910,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [5, 10, 15]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,145912,145913,145933,145947,145951],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145914,145915,145917,145919,145921,145923,145925,145927,145929,145931],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145916,3554],{"class":53},[47,145918,58],{"class":57},[47,145920,662],{"class":77},[47,145922,2094],{"class":61},[47,145924,668],{"class":77},[47,145926,5939],{"class":61},[47,145928,668],{"class":77},[47,145930,37871],{"class":61},[47,145932,679],{"class":77},[47,145934,145935,145937,145939,145941,145943,145945],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,145936,41116],{"class":53},[47,145938,58],{"class":57},[47,145940,145789],{"class":98},[47,145942,78],{"class":77},[47,145944,3584],{"class":81},[47,145946,85],{"class":77},[47,145948,145949],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,145950,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,145952,145953,145955,145957,145959],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,145954,99],{"class":98},[47,145956,78],{"class":77},[47,145958,41145],{"class":81},[47,145960,85],{"class":77},[20,145962,129],{},[38,145964,145965],{"className":40,"code":69767,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,145966,145967],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145968,145969],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145970,69767],{"class":61},[20,145972,11617],{},[185,145974,145975,145980,145986],{},[188,145976,145977,145979],{},[15,145978,3584],{}," contains three integers",[188,145981,145982,145985],{},[15,145983,145984],{},"sum(numbers)"," adds them together",[188,145987,145988,145989],{},"The result is stored in ",[15,145990,41145],{},[33,145992,36546,145994,8364],{"id":145993},"using-the-start-value",[15,145995,36006],{},[20,145997,145998],{},"The second argument lets you begin with an extra value before Python adds the iterable items.",[38,146000,146002],{"className":40,"code":146001,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ntotal = sum(numbers, 10)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,146003,146004,146024,146042,146046],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146005,146006,146008,146010,146012,146014,146016,146018,146020,146022],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146007,3554],{"class":53},[47,146009,58],{"class":57},[47,146011,662],{"class":77},[47,146013,665],{"class":61},[47,146015,668],{"class":77},[47,146017,671],{"class":61},[47,146019,668],{"class":77},[47,146021,676],{"class":61},[47,146023,679],{"class":77},[47,146025,146026,146028,146030,146032,146034,146036,146038,146040],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,146027,41116],{"class":53},[47,146029,58],{"class":57},[47,146031,145789],{"class":98},[47,146033,78],{"class":77},[47,146035,3584],{"class":81},[47,146037,668],{"class":77},[47,146039,5939],{"class":61},[47,146041,85],{"class":77},[47,146043,146044],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,146045,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,146047,146048,146050,146052,146054],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,146049,99],{"class":98},[47,146051,78],{"class":77},[47,146053,41145],{"class":81},[47,146055,85],{"class":77},[20,146057,129],{},[38,146059,146061],{"className":40,"code":146060,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"16\n",[15,146062,146063],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146064,146065],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146066,146060],{"class":61},[20,146068,146069],{},"This works like:",[185,146071,146072,146077,146082,146086],{},[188,146073,146074,146075],{},"Start at ",[15,146076,193],{},[188,146078,146079,146080],{},"Add ",[15,146081,665],{},[188,146083,146079,146084],{},[15,146085,2016],{},[188,146087,146079,146088],{},[15,146089,2021],{},[20,146091,146092],{},"This is useful when you already have a starting total.",[33,146094,172,146096,146098],{"id":146095},"what-sum-can-work-with",[15,146097,145736],{}," can work with",[20,146100,146101,146103],{},[15,146102,145736],{}," works with numeric values.",[373,146105,40358],{"id":40357},[38,146107,146109],{"className":40,"code":146108,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146110,146111,146135],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146112,146113,146115,146117,146119,146121,146123,146125,146127,146129,146131,146133],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146114,3758],{"class":53},[47,146116,58],{"class":57},[47,146118,662],{"class":77},[47,146120,665],{"class":61},[47,146122,668],{"class":77},[47,146124,671],{"class":61},[47,146126,668],{"class":77},[47,146128,676],{"class":61},[47,146130,668],{"class":77},[47,146132,2404],{"class":61},[47,146134,679],{"class":77},[47,146136,146137,146139,146141,146143,146145,146147],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,146138,99],{"class":98},[47,146140,78],{"class":77},[47,146142,145859],{"class":98},[47,146144,78],{"class":77},[47,146146,5291],{"class":81},[47,146148,123],{"class":77},[20,146150,129],{},[38,146152,146153],{"className":40,"code":448,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,146154,146155],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146156,146157],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146158,448],{"class":61},[373,146160,146161],{"id":51972},"Floats",[38,146163,146165],{"className":40,"code":146164,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"prices = [2.5, 3.75, 1.25]\nprint(sum(prices))\n",[15,146166,146167,146189],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146168,146169,146171,146173,146175,146177,146179,146182,146184,146187],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146170,82972],{"class":53},[47,146172,58],{"class":57},[47,146174,662],{"class":77},[47,146176,41092],{"class":61},[47,146178,668],{"class":77},[47,146180,146181],{"class":61}," 3.75",[47,146183,668],{"class":77},[47,146185,146186],{"class":61}," 1.25",[47,146188,679],{"class":77},[47,146190,146191,146193,146195,146197,146199,146201],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,146192,99],{"class":98},[47,146194,78],{"class":77},[47,146196,145859],{"class":98},[47,146198,78],{"class":77},[47,146200,83008],{"class":81},[47,146202,123],{"class":77},[20,146204,129],{},[38,146206,146208],{"className":40,"code":146207,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"7.5\n",[15,146209,146210],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146211,146212],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146213,146207],{"class":61},[20,146215,146216,146217,914],{},"If you need a refresher on numeric types, see ",[360,146218,146219],{"href":2368},"Python numbers explained: int and float",[373,146221,146223,146224],{"id":146222},"values-from-range","Values from ",[15,146225,36132],{},[38,146227,146229],{"className":40,"code":146228,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(sum(range(1, 6)))\n",[15,146230,146231],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146232,146233,146235,146237,146239,146241,146243,146245,146247,146249,146251],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146234,99],{"class":98},[47,146236,78],{"class":77},[47,146238,145859],{"class":98},[47,146240,78],{"class":77},[47,146242,59926],{"class":98},[47,146244,78],{"class":77},[47,146246,665],{"class":61},[47,146248,668],{"class":77},[47,146250,37578],{"class":61},[47,146252,2854],{"class":77},[20,146254,129],{},[38,146256,146257],{"className":40,"code":46968,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,146258,146259],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146260,146261],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146262,46968],{"class":61},[20,146264,113474,146265,914],{},[15,146266,146267],{},"1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5",[373,146269,146271],{"id":146270},"boolean-values","Boolean values",[20,146273,146274,146275,146277,146278,4329,146280,146277,146282,914],{},"Booleans can also be summed because ",[15,146276,212],{}," acts like ",[15,146279,665],{},[15,146281,3609],{},[15,146283,2077],{},[38,146285,146287],{"className":40,"code":146286,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"results = [True, False, True, True]\nprint(sum(results))\n",[15,146288,146289,146313],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146290,146291,146293,146295,146297,146299,146301,146303,146305,146307,146309,146311],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146292,51892],{"class":53},[47,146294,58],{"class":57},[47,146296,662],{"class":77},[47,146298,212],{"class":571},[47,146300,668],{"class":77},[47,146302,3843],{"class":571},[47,146304,668],{"class":77},[47,146306,3852],{"class":571},[47,146308,668],{"class":77},[47,146310,3852],{"class":571},[47,146312,679],{"class":77},[47,146314,146315,146317,146319,146321,146323,146325],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,146316,99],{"class":98},[47,146318,78],{"class":77},[47,146320,145859],{"class":98},[47,146322,78],{"class":77},[47,146324,51945],{"class":81},[47,146326,123],{"class":77},[20,146328,129],{},[38,146330,146331],{"className":40,"code":46544,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,146332,146333],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146334,146335],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146336,46544],{"class":61},[20,146338,146339,146340,914],{},"This is a simple way to count how many values are ",[15,146341,212],{},[33,146343,172,146345,146347],{"id":146344},"what-sum-does-not-work-with",[15,146346,145736],{}," does not work with",[20,146349,146350,146352],{},[15,146351,145736],{}," is for numeric addition. It is not for joining text or combining lists.",[373,146354,146356],{"id":146355},"it-does-not-join-strings","It does not join strings",[20,146358,2782],{},[38,146360,146362],{"className":40,"code":146361,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(sum(words))\n",[15,146363,146364,146388],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146365,146366,146368,146370,146372,146374,146376,146378,146380,146382,146384,146386],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146367,4006],{"class":53},[47,146369,58],{"class":57},[47,146371,662],{"class":77},[47,146373,309],{"class":151},[47,146375,3781],{"class":155},[47,146377,309],{"class":151},[47,146379,668],{"class":77},[47,146381,303],{"class":151},[47,146383,60519],{"class":155},[47,146385,309],{"class":151},[47,146387,679],{"class":77},[47,146389,146390,146392,146394,146396,146398,146400],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,146391,99],{"class":98},[47,146393,78],{"class":77},[47,146395,145859],{"class":98},[47,146397,78],{"class":77},[47,146399,4048],{"class":81},[47,146401,123],{"class":77},[20,146403,146404],{},"Use string joining instead:",[38,146406,146408],{"className":40,"code":146407,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,146409,146410,146434],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146411,146412,146414,146416,146418,146420,146422,146424,146426,146428,146430,146432],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146413,4006],{"class":53},[47,146415,58],{"class":57},[47,146417,662],{"class":77},[47,146419,309],{"class":151},[47,146421,3781],{"class":155},[47,146423,309],{"class":151},[47,146425,668],{"class":77},[47,146427,303],{"class":151},[47,146429,60519],{"class":155},[47,146431,309],{"class":151},[47,146433,679],{"class":77},[47,146435,146436,146438,146440,146442,146444,146446,146448,146450],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,146437,99],{"class":98},[47,146439,78],{"class":77},[47,146441,6207],{"class":151},[47,146443,914],{"class":77},[47,146445,133261],{"class":81},[47,146447,78],{"class":77},[47,146449,4048],{"class":81},[47,146451,123],{"class":77},[20,146453,129],{},[38,146455,146457],{"className":40,"code":146456,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"helloworld\n",[15,146458,146459],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146460,146461],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146462,146456],{"class":53},[20,146464,146465,146466,914],{},"If you need to turn values into text first, see ",[360,146467,146468,5717],{"href":42107},[15,146469,17],{},[373,146471,146473],{"id":146472},"it-does-not-combine-lists","It does not combine lists",[20,146475,146476],{},"This also causes an error:",[38,146478,146480],{"className":40,"code":146479,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"lists = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(sum(lists))\n",[15,146481,146482,146509],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146483,146484,146487,146489,146491,146493,146495,146497,146499,146501,146503,146505,146507],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146485,146486],{"class":53},"lists ",[47,146488,58],{"class":57},[47,146490,56221],{"class":77},[47,146492,665],{"class":61},[47,146494,668],{"class":77},[47,146496,671],{"class":61},[47,146498,17997],{"class":77},[47,146500,662],{"class":77},[47,146502,2021],{"class":61},[47,146504,668],{"class":77},[47,146506,2404],{"class":61},[47,146508,53169],{"class":77},[47,146510,146511,146513,146515,146517,146519,146521],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,146512,99],{"class":98},[47,146514,78],{"class":77},[47,146516,145859],{"class":98},[47,146518,78],{"class":77},[47,146520,5232],{"class":81},[47,146522,123],{"class":77},[20,146524,146525,146527],{},[15,146526,145736],{}," is not the right tool for combining lists.",[373,146529,146531],{"id":146530},"it-fails-with-mixed-incompatible-types","It fails with mixed incompatible types",[20,146533,5405],{},[38,146535,146537],{"className":40,"code":146536,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [1, 2, \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146538,146539,146563],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146540,146541,146543,146545,146547,146549,146551,146553,146555,146557,146559,146561],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146542,3758],{"class":53},[47,146544,58],{"class":57},[47,146546,662],{"class":77},[47,146548,665],{"class":61},[47,146550,668],{"class":77},[47,146552,671],{"class":61},[47,146554,668],{"class":77},[47,146556,303],{"class":151},[47,146558,2021],{"class":155},[47,146560,309],{"class":151},[47,146562,679],{"class":77},[47,146564,146565,146567,146569,146571,146573,146575],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,146566,99],{"class":98},[47,146568,78],{"class":77},[47,146570,145859],{"class":98},[47,146572,78],{"class":77},[47,146574,5291],{"class":81},[47,146576,123],{"class":77},[20,146578,146579],{},"This fails because Python cannot add integers and strings together.",[20,146581,146582,146583,146585,146586,914],{},"If you have number strings such as ",[15,146584,65872],{},", convert them first. See ",[360,146587,2905],{"href":2904},[33,146589,41438],{"id":41437},[20,146591,146592,146593,914],{},"Here are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,146594,145736],{},[373,146596,6458],{"id":6457},[20,146598,4460],{},[38,146600,146602],{"className":40,"code":146601,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(sum(5))\n",[15,146603,146604],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146605,146606,146608,146610,146612,146614,146616],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146607,99],{"class":98},[47,146609,78],{"class":77},[47,146611,145859],{"class":98},[47,146613,78],{"class":77},[47,146615,2094],{"class":61},[47,146617,123],{"class":77},[20,146619,146620],{},"Why it fails:",[185,146622,146623,146628],{},[188,146624,146625,146627],{},[15,146626,2094],{}," is a single integer",[188,146629,146630,146632],{},[15,146631,145736],{}," expects an iterable, not one number",[20,146634,6488],{},[38,146636,146638],{"className":40,"code":146637,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(sum([5]))\n",[15,146639,146640],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146641,146642,146644,146646,146648,146650,146652],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146643,99],{"class":98},[47,146645,78],{"class":77},[47,146647,145859],{"class":98},[47,146649,2928],{"class":77},[47,146651,2094],{"class":61},[47,146653,2941],{"class":77},[20,146655,129],{},[38,146657,146658],{"className":40,"code":2889,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,146659,146660],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146661,146662],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146663,2889],{"class":61},[373,146665,146667],{"id":146666},"trying-to-sum-strings","Trying to sum strings",[20,146669,4460],{},[38,146671,146673],{"className":40,"code":146672,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146674,146675,146707],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146676,146677,146679,146681,146683,146685,146687,146689,146691,146693,146695,146697,146699,146701,146703,146705],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146678,3758],{"class":53},[47,146680,58],{"class":57},[47,146682,662],{"class":77},[47,146684,309],{"class":151},[47,146686,665],{"class":155},[47,146688,309],{"class":151},[47,146690,668],{"class":77},[47,146692,303],{"class":151},[47,146694,2016],{"class":155},[47,146696,309],{"class":151},[47,146698,668],{"class":77},[47,146700,303],{"class":151},[47,146702,2021],{"class":155},[47,146704,309],{"class":151},[47,146706,679],{"class":77},[47,146708,146709,146711,146713,146715,146717,146719],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,146710,99],{"class":98},[47,146712,78],{"class":77},[47,146714,145859],{"class":98},[47,146716,78],{"class":77},[47,146718,5291],{"class":81},[47,146720,123],{"class":77},[20,146722,146723],{},"Fix it by converting the strings to integers:",[38,146725,146727],{"className":40,"code":146726,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,146728,146729,146761,146789],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146730,146731,146733,146735,146737,146739,146741,146743,146745,146747,146749,146751,146753,146755,146757,146759],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146732,3758],{"class":53},[47,146734,58],{"class":57},[47,146736,662],{"class":77},[47,146738,309],{"class":151},[47,146740,665],{"class":155},[47,146742,309],{"class":151},[47,146744,668],{"class":77},[47,146746,303],{"class":151},[47,146748,2016],{"class":155},[47,146750,309],{"class":151},[47,146752,668],{"class":77},[47,146754,303],{"class":151},[47,146756,2021],{"class":155},[47,146758,309],{"class":151},[47,146760,679],{"class":77},[47,146762,146763,146765,146767,146769,146771,146773,146775,146777,146779,146781,146783,146785,146787],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,146764,41116],{"class":53},[47,146766,58],{"class":57},[47,146768,145789],{"class":98},[47,146770,78],{"class":77},[47,146772,1050],{"class":73},[47,146774,78],{"class":77},[47,146776,2131],{"class":81},[47,146778,862],{"class":77},[47,146780,3813],{"class":3812},[47,146782,3816],{"class":81},[47,146784,3819],{"class":3812},[47,146786,3822],{"class":81},[47,146788,85],{"class":77},[47,146790,146791,146793,146795,146797],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,146792,99],{"class":98},[47,146794,78],{"class":77},[47,146796,41145],{"class":81},[47,146798,85],{"class":77},[20,146800,129],{},[38,146802,146803],{"className":40,"code":2601,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,146804,146805],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146806,146807],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146808,2601],{"class":61},[20,146810,146811],{},"This kind of problem is related to TypeError with unsupported operand types.",[373,146813,146815],{"id":146814},"mixing-numbers-and-strings","Mixing numbers and strings",[20,146817,4460],{},[38,146819,146821],{"className":40,"code":146820,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146822,146823,146851],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146824,146825,146827,146829,146831,146833,146835,146837,146839,146841,146843,146845,146847,146849],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146826,3758],{"class":53},[47,146828,58],{"class":57},[47,146830,662],{"class":77},[47,146832,665],{"class":61},[47,146834,668],{"class":77},[47,146836,671],{"class":61},[47,146838,668],{"class":77},[47,146840,303],{"class":151},[47,146842,2021],{"class":155},[47,146844,309],{"class":151},[47,146846,668],{"class":77},[47,146848,2404],{"class":61},[47,146850,679],{"class":77},[47,146852,146853,146855,146857,146859,146861,146863],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,146854,99],{"class":98},[47,146856,78],{"class":77},[47,146858,145859],{"class":98},[47,146860,78],{"class":77},[47,146862,5291],{"class":81},[47,146864,123],{"class":77},[20,146866,146867],{},"Fix it by making all values numeric:",[38,146869,146871],{"className":40,"code":146870,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,146872,146873,146901,146929],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146874,146875,146877,146879,146881,146883,146885,146887,146889,146891,146893,146895,146897,146899],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146876,3758],{"class":53},[47,146878,58],{"class":57},[47,146880,662],{"class":77},[47,146882,665],{"class":61},[47,146884,668],{"class":77},[47,146886,671],{"class":61},[47,146888,668],{"class":77},[47,146890,303],{"class":151},[47,146892,2021],{"class":155},[47,146894,309],{"class":151},[47,146896,668],{"class":77},[47,146898,2404],{"class":61},[47,146900,679],{"class":77},[47,146902,146903,146905,146907,146909,146911,146913,146915,146917,146919,146921,146923,146925,146927],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,146904,41116],{"class":53},[47,146906,58],{"class":57},[47,146908,145789],{"class":98},[47,146910,78],{"class":77},[47,146912,1050],{"class":73},[47,146914,78],{"class":77},[47,146916,2131],{"class":81},[47,146918,862],{"class":77},[47,146920,3813],{"class":3812},[47,146922,3816],{"class":81},[47,146924,3819],{"class":3812},[47,146926,3822],{"class":81},[47,146928,85],{"class":77},[47,146930,146931,146933,146935,146937],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,146932,99],{"class":98},[47,146934,78],{"class":77},[47,146936,41145],{"class":81},[47,146938,85],{"class":77},[20,146940,129],{},[38,146942,146943],{"className":40,"code":448,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,146944,146945],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146946,146947],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146948,448],{"class":61},[373,146950,1335,146952,146954],{"id":146951},"using-sum-to-join-text",[15,146953,145736],{}," to join text",[20,146956,4460],{},[38,146958,146960],{"className":40,"code":146959,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(sum(letters))\n",[15,146961,146962,147018],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146963,146964,146966,146968,146970,146972,146974,146976,146978,146980,146982,146984,146986,146988,146990,146992,146994,146996,146998,147000,147002,147004,147006,147008,147010,147012,147014,147016],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146965,36024],{"class":53},[47,146967,58],{"class":57},[47,146969,662],{"class":77},[47,146971,309],{"class":151},[47,146973,133860],{"class":155},[47,146975,309],{"class":151},[47,146977,668],{"class":77},[47,146979,303],{"class":151},[47,146981,11679],{"class":155},[47,146983,309],{"class":151},[47,146985,668],{"class":77},[47,146987,303],{"class":151},[47,146989,63214],{"class":155},[47,146991,309],{"class":151},[47,146993,668],{"class":77},[47,146995,303],{"class":151},[47,146997,60366],{"class":155},[47,146999,309],{"class":151},[47,147001,668],{"class":77},[47,147003,303],{"class":151},[47,147005,60401],{"class":155},[47,147007,309],{"class":151},[47,147009,668],{"class":77},[47,147011,303],{"class":151},[47,147013,75954],{"class":155},[47,147015,309],{"class":151},[47,147017,679],{"class":77},[47,147019,147020,147022,147024,147026,147028,147030],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,147021,99],{"class":98},[47,147023,78],{"class":77},[47,147025,145859],{"class":98},[47,147027,78],{"class":77},[47,147029,36077],{"class":81},[47,147031,123],{"class":77},[20,147033,165,147034,60460],{},[15,147035,133184],{},[38,147037,147039],{"className":40,"code":147038,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(\"\".join(letters))\n",[15,147040,147041,147097],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,147042,147043,147045,147047,147049,147051,147053,147055,147057,147059,147061,147063,147065,147067,147069,147071,147073,147075,147077,147079,147081,147083,147085,147087,147089,147091,147093,147095],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,147044,36024],{"class":53},[47,147046,58],{"class":57},[47,147048,662],{"class":77},[47,147050,309],{"class":151},[47,147052,133860],{"class":155},[47,147054,309],{"class":151},[47,147056,668],{"class":77},[47,147058,303],{"class":151},[47,147060,11679],{"class":155},[47,147062,309],{"class":151},[47,147064,668],{"class":77},[47,147066,303],{"class":151},[47,147068,63214],{"class":155},[47,147070,309],{"class":151},[47,147072,668],{"class":77},[47,147074,303],{"class":151},[47,147076,60366],{"class":155},[47,147078,309],{"class":151},[47,147080,668],{"class":77},[47,147082,303],{"class":151},[47,147084,60401],{"class":155},[47,147086,309],{"class":151},[47,147088,668],{"class":77},[47,147090,303],{"class":151},[47,147092,75954],{"class":155},[47,147094,309],{"class":151},[47,147096,679],{"class":77},[47,147098,147099,147101,147103,147105,147107,147109,147111,147113],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,147100,99],{"class":98},[47,147102,78],{"class":77},[47,147104,6207],{"class":151},[47,147106,914],{"class":77},[47,147108,133261],{"class":81},[47,147110,78],{"class":77},[47,147112,36077],{"class":81},[47,147114,123],{"class":77},[20,147116,129],{},[38,147118,147119],{"className":40,"code":133941,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,147120,147121],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,147122,147123],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,147124,133941],{"class":53},[20,147126,147127,147128,914],{},"If you see string-related errors while building text, you may also want to read ",[360,147129,147130],{"href":135022},"TypeError: sequence item 0 expected str instance",[33,147132,147134,147136],{"id":147133},"sum-vs-manual-loop",[15,147135,145736],{}," vs manual loop",[20,147138,147139,147141],{},[15,147140,145736],{}," is often better when you only need the total.",[373,147143,1335,147145],{"id":147144},"using-sum",[15,147146,145736],{},[38,147148,147150],{"className":40,"code":147149,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)\n",[15,147151,147152,147172,147186],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,147153,147154,147156,147158,147160,147162,147164,147166,147168,147170],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,147155,3554],{"class":53},[47,147157,58],{"class":57},[47,147159,662],{"class":77},[47,147161,2451],{"class":61},[47,147163,668],{"class":77},[47,147165,5928],{"class":61},[47,147167,668],{"class":77},[47,147169,54063],{"class":61},[47,147171,679],{"class":77},[47,147173,147174,147176,147178,147180,147182,147184],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,147175,41116],{"class":53},[47,147177,58],{"class":57},[47,147179,145789],{"class":98},[47,147181,78],{"class":77},[47,147183,3584],{"class":81},[47,147185,85],{"class":77},[47,147187,147188,147190,147192,147194],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,147189,99],{"class":98},[47,147191,78],{"class":77},[47,147193,41145],{"class":81},[47,147195,85],{"class":77},[373,147197,147199],{"id":147198},"using-a-manual-loop","Using a manual loop",[38,147201,147203],{"className":40,"code":147202,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = 0\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    total += number\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,147204,147205,147225,147233,147237,147249,147257,147261],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,147206,147207,147209,147211,147213,147215,147217,147219,147221,147223],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,147208,3554],{"class":53},[47,147210,58],{"class":57},[47,147212,662],{"class":77},[47,147214,2451],{"class":61},[47,147216,668],{"class":77},[47,147218,5928],{"class":61},[47,147220,668],{"class":77},[47,147222,54063],{"class":61},[47,147224,679],{"class":77},[47,147226,147227,147229,147231],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,147228,41116],{"class":53},[47,147230,58],{"class":57},[47,147232,38448],{"class":61},[47,147234,147235],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,147236,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,147238,147239,147241,147243,147245,147247],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,147240,5892],{"class":3812},[47,147242,6322],{"class":53},[47,147244,3819],{"class":3812},[47,147246,4198],{"class":53},[47,147248,6329],{"class":77},[47,147250,147251,147253,147255],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,147252,90026],{"class":53},[47,147254,90029],{"class":57},[47,147256,90032],{"class":53},[47,147258,147259],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,147260,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,147262,147263,147265,147267,147269],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,147264,99],{"class":98},[47,147266,78],{"class":77},[47,147268,41145],{"class":81},[47,147270,85],{"class":77},[20,147272,147273],{},"Both produce the same result.",[20,147275,2435,147276,147278],{},[15,147277,145736],{}," is often better:",[185,147280,147281,147284,147287],{},[188,147282,147283],{},"Shorter code",[188,147285,147286],{},"Easier to read",[188,147288,147289],{},"Clear intent: you want a total",[20,147291,147292],{},"Why a manual loop is sometimes better:",[185,147294,147295,147298,147301],{},[188,147296,147297],{},"You need to skip some values",[188,147299,147300],{},"You need extra checks",[188,147302,147303],{},"You want to change values before adding them",[20,147305,147306,147307,147310,147311,147313],{},"For example, if you only want certain items, you might first ",[360,147308,147309],{"href":39944},"filter a list in Python"," and then use ",[15,147312,145736],{}," on the filtered result.",[33,147315,2775],{"id":2774},[20,147317,147318,147319,2826],{},"These are the most common causes of problems with ",[15,147320,145736],{},[185,147322,147323,147329,147336,147343],{},[188,147324,147325,147326],{},"Passing a number instead of an iterable, such as ",[15,147327,147328],{},"sum(5)",[188,147330,147331,147332,147335],{},"Trying to sum strings like ",[15,147333,147334],{},"['1', '2', '3']"," without converting them",[188,147337,1335,147338,147340,147341],{},[15,147339,145736],{}," to join text instead of using string ",[15,147342,133184],{},[188,147344,147345],{},"Mixing numbers and strings in the same iterable",[20,147347,8807,147348,147350],{},[15,147349,145736],{}," is failing, these quick checks can help:",[38,147352,147354],{"className":40,"code":147353,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(values)\nprint(type(values))\nprint([type(x) for x in values])\nprint(sum([int(x) for x in values]))\n",[15,147355,147356,147366,147380,147404],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,147357,147358,147360,147362,147364],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,147359,99],{"class":98},[47,147361,78],{"class":77},[47,147363,5291],{"class":81},[47,147365,85],{"class":77},[47,147367,147368,147370,147372,147374,147376,147378],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,147369,99],{"class":98},[47,147371,78],{"class":77},[47,147373,116],{"class":73},[47,147375,78],{"class":77},[47,147377,5291],{"class":81},[47,147379,123],{"class":77},[47,147381,147382,147384,147386,147388,147390,147392,147394,147396,147398,147400,147402],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,147383,99],{"class":98},[47,147385,2928],{"class":77},[47,147387,116],{"class":73},[47,147389,78],{"class":77},[47,147391,2131],{"class":81},[47,147393,862],{"class":77},[47,147395,3813],{"class":3812},[47,147397,3816],{"class":81},[47,147399,3819],{"class":3812},[47,147401,3822],{"class":81},[47,147403,3825],{"class":77},[47,147405,147406,147408,147410,147412,147414,147416,147418,147420,147422,147424,147426,147428,147430],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,147407,99],{"class":98},[47,147409,78],{"class":77},[47,147411,145859],{"class":98},[47,147413,2928],{"class":77},[47,147415,1050],{"class":73},[47,147417,78],{"class":77},[47,147419,2131],{"class":81},[47,147421,862],{"class":77},[47,147423,3813],{"class":3812},[47,147425,3816],{"class":81},[47,147427,3819],{"class":3812},[47,147429,3822],{"class":81},[47,147431,2941],{"class":77},[20,147433,135755],{},[185,147435,147436,147442,147448,147453],{},[188,147437,147438,147441],{},[15,147439,147440],{},"print(values)"," shows the actual data",[188,147443,147444,147447],{},[15,147445,147446],{},"print(type(values))"," shows whether the main object is a list, tuple, or something else",[188,147449,147450,135777],{},[15,147451,147452],{},"print([type(x) for x in values])",[188,147454,147455,147458],{},[15,147456,147457],{},"print(sum([int(x) for x in values]))"," tests whether conversion to integers fixes the problem",[33,147460,1762],{"id":1761},[373,147462,1766,147464,1769],{"id":147463},"what-does-sum-return-in-python",[15,147465,145736],{},[20,147467,147468],{},"It returns the total of the numeric values in an iterable.",[373,147470,1786,147472,147474],{"id":147471},"can-sum-add-strings-in-python",[15,147473,145736],{}," add strings in Python?",[20,147476,30205,147477,1389,147480,147483],{},[15,147478,147479],{},"''.join(...)",[15,147481,147482],{},"'separator'.join(...)"," for strings.",[373,147485,1786,147487,147489],{"id":147486},"can-sum-work-with-floats",[15,147488,145736],{}," work with floats?",[20,147491,147492],{},"Yes. It can add both integers and floats.",[373,147494,147496,147497,1812],{"id":147495},"what-is-the-second-argument-in-sum","What is the second argument in ",[15,147498,145736],{},[20,147500,147501,147502,147504],{},"It is the optional ",[15,147503,36006],{}," value added before the iterable values are summed.",[373,147506,5090,147508,119306,147510,1812],{"id":147507},"why-does-sum-give-a-typeerror",[15,147509,145736],{},[15,147511,2947],{},[20,147513,147514],{},"Usually because one or more values are not numbers, or because the argument is not an iterable.",[33,147516,1825],{"id":1824},[185,147518,147519,147523,147529,147535,147541,147545,147549],{},[188,147520,147521],{},[360,147522,146219],{"href":2368},[188,147524,147525],{},[360,147526,13,147527,1834],{"href":36129},[15,147528,36132],{},[188,147530,147531],{},[360,147532,13,147533,1834],{"href":42289},[15,147534,42292],{},[188,147536,147537],{},[360,147538,13,147539,1834],{"href":42107},[15,147540,17],{},[188,147542,147543],{},[360,147544,5153],{"href":39944},[188,147546,147547],{},[360,147548,3463],{"href":2904},[188,147550,147551],{},[360,147552,147130],{"href":135022},[1875,147554,147555],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":65,"depth":65,"links":147557},[147558,147559,147561,147562,147563,147565,147573,147579,147586,147592,147593,147605],{"id":35,"depth":65,"text":36},{"id":145815,"depth":65,"text":147560},"What sum() does",{"id":244,"depth":65,"text":245},{"id":11408,"depth":65,"text":11409},{"id":145993,"depth":65,"text":147564},"Using the start value",{"id":146095,"depth":65,"text":147566,"children":147567},"What sum() can work with",[147568,147569,147570,147572],{"id":40357,"depth":88,"text":40358},{"id":51972,"depth":88,"text":146161},{"id":146222,"depth":88,"text":147571},"Values from range()",{"id":146270,"depth":88,"text":146271},{"id":146344,"depth":65,"text":147574,"children":147575},"What sum() does not work with",[147576,147577,147578],{"id":146355,"depth":88,"text":146356},{"id":146472,"depth":88,"text":146473},{"id":146530,"depth":88,"text":146531},{"id":41437,"depth":65,"text":41438,"children":147580},[147581,147582,147583,147584],{"id":6457,"depth":88,"text":6458},{"id":146666,"depth":88,"text":146667},{"id":146814,"depth":88,"text":146815},{"id":146951,"depth":88,"text":147585},"Using sum() to join text",{"id":147133,"depth":65,"text":147587,"children":147588},"sum() vs manual loop",[147589,147591],{"id":147144,"depth":88,"text":147590},"Using sum()",{"id":147198,"depth":88,"text":147199},{"id":2774,"depth":65,"text":2775},{"id":1761,"depth":65,"text":1762,"children":147594},[147595,147597,147599,147601,147603],{"id":147463,"depth":88,"text":147596},"What does sum() return in Python?",{"id":147471,"depth":88,"text":147598},"Can sum() add strings in Python?",{"id":147486,"depth":88,"text":147600},"Can sum() work with floats?",{"id":147495,"depth":88,"text":147602},"What is the second argument in sum()?",{"id":147507,"depth":88,"text":147604},"Why does sum() give a TypeError?",{"id":1824,"depth":65,"text":1825},"Master python sum function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained",{"title":145728,"description":147606},"reference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained","pUBJSfP8YGcV7z25xWzkoWEl0bvqGBoLMBf338R4GWY",{"id":147613,"title":147614,"body":147615,"description":149017,"extension":1922,"meta":149018,"navigation":91,"path":149019,"seo":149020,"stem":149021,"__hash__":149022},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method.md","Python Tuple count() Method",{"type":7,"value":147616,"toc":148985},[147617,147623,147629,147632,147695,147701,147706,147710,147727,147741,147745,147765,147779,147781,147874,147876,147890,147892,147895,147984,147986,147994,148003,148005,148009,148030,148032,148124,148126,148147,148149,148153,148167,148169,148243,148245,148264,148268,148271,148294,148296,148407,148414,148422,148424,148430,148433,148476,148479,148502,148510,148514,148589,148595,148620,148627,148630,148633,148637,148642,148730,148738,148742,148745,148770,148774,148835,148839,148888,148898,148900,148905,148908,148914,148917,148921,148925,148931,148934,148942,148950,148952,148982],[10,147618,147620,147621,11256],{"id":147619},"python-tuple-count-method","Python Tuple ",[15,147622,57217],{},[20,147624,147625,147628],{},[15,147626,147627],{},"tuple.count()"," tells you how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[20,147630,147631],{},"Use it when you want to count matching values in a tuple without changing the tuple itself. This is helpful when checking for duplicates, repeated labels, or whether a value appears more than once.",[38,147633,147635],{"className":40,"code":147634,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3, 2)\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,147636,147637,147665,147683],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,147638,147639,147641,147643,147645,147647,147649,147651,147653,147655,147657,147659,147661,147663],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,147640,3554],{"class":53},[47,147642,58],{"class":57},[47,147644,9169],{"class":77},[47,147646,665],{"class":61},[47,147648,668],{"class":77},[47,147650,671],{"class":61},[47,147652,668],{"class":77},[47,147654,671],{"class":61},[47,147656,668],{"class":77},[47,147658,676],{"class":61},[47,147660,668],{"class":77},[47,147662,671],{"class":61},[47,147664,85],{"class":77},[47,147666,147667,147669,147671,147673,147675,147677,147679,147681],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,147668,2184],{"class":53},[47,147670,58],{"class":57},[47,147672,4198],{"class":53},[47,147674,914],{"class":77},[47,147676,41193],{"class":81},[47,147678,78],{"class":77},[47,147680,2016],{"class":61},[47,147682,85],{"class":77},[47,147684,147685,147687,147689,147691,147693],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,147686,99],{"class":98},[47,147688,78],{"class":77},[47,147690,2218],{"class":81},[47,147692,862],{"class":77},[47,147694,50696],{"class":1378},[20,147696,165,147697,147700],{},[15,147698,147699],{},"tuple.count(value)"," to count how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[33,147702,172,147704,175],{"id":147703},"what-tuplecount-does",[15,147705,147627],{},[20,147707,147708,2826],{},[15,147709,147699],{},[185,147711,147712,147718,147721,147724],{},[188,147713,147714,147715,147717],{},"Returns the number of times ",[15,147716,585],{}," appears in the tuple",[188,147719,147720],{},"Checks the whole tuple",[188,147722,147723],{},"Returns an integer",[188,147725,147726],{},"Does not change the tuple",[20,147728,147729,147730,147732,147733,1389,147737,914],{},"Because tuples are read-only, methods like ",[15,147731,57217],{}," only inspect the data. If you are new to tuples, see ",[360,147734,147736],{"href":147735},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained\u002F","Python tuples explained",[360,147738,147740],{"href":147739},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple\u002F","creating a tuple",[33,147742,147744],{"id":147743},"method-syntax","Method syntax",[38,147746,147748],{"className":40,"code":147747,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_tuple.count(value)\n",[15,147749,147750],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,147751,147752,147755,147757,147759,147761,147763],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,147753,147754],{"class":53},"my_tuple",[47,147756,914],{"class":77},[47,147758,41193],{"class":81},[47,147760,78],{"class":77},[47,147762,585],{"class":81},[47,147764,85],{"class":77},[185,147766,147767,147771,147774],{},[188,147768,147769,57382],{},[15,147770,585],{},[188,147772,147773],{},"The comparison is based on equality",[188,147775,147776,147777],{},"If the value is not found, the result is ",[15,147778,2077],{},[373,147780,103023],{"id":103022},[38,147782,147784],{"className":40,"code":147783,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\"))  # 0\n",[15,147785,147786,147826,147850],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,147787,147788,147790,147792,147794,147796,147798,147800,147802,147804,147806,147808,147810,147812,147814,147816,147818,147820,147822,147824],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,147789,13010],{"class":53},[47,147791,58],{"class":57},[47,147793,9169],{"class":77},[47,147795,309],{"class":151},[47,147797,13027],{"class":155},[47,147799,309],{"class":151},[47,147801,668],{"class":77},[47,147803,303],{"class":151},[47,147805,13044],{"class":155},[47,147807,309],{"class":151},[47,147809,668],{"class":77},[47,147811,303],{"class":151},[47,147813,13027],{"class":155},[47,147815,309],{"class":151},[47,147817,668],{"class":77},[47,147819,303],{"class":151},[47,147821,17390],{"class":155},[47,147823,309],{"class":151},[47,147825,85],{"class":77},[47,147827,147828,147830,147832,147834,147836,147838,147840,147842,147844,147846,147848],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,147829,99],{"class":98},[47,147831,78],{"class":77},[47,147833,17437],{"class":81},[47,147835,914],{"class":77},[47,147837,41193],{"class":81},[47,147839,78],{"class":77},[47,147841,309],{"class":151},[47,147843,13027],{"class":155},[47,147845,309],{"class":151},[47,147847,5294],{"class":77},[47,147849,57572],{"class":1378},[47,147851,147852,147854,147856,147858,147860,147862,147864,147866,147868,147870,147872],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,147853,99],{"class":98},[47,147855,78],{"class":77},[47,147857,17437],{"class":81},[47,147859,914],{"class":77},[47,147861,41193],{"class":81},[47,147863,78],{"class":77},[47,147865,309],{"class":151},[47,147867,22458],{"class":155},[47,147869,309],{"class":151},[47,147871,5294],{"class":77},[47,147873,51173],{"class":1378},[20,147875,19893],{},[185,147877,147878,147883],{},[188,147879,147880,147882],{},[15,147881,65319],{}," appears 2 times",[188,147884,147885,147887,147888],{},[15,147886,109719],{}," does not appear, so the result is ",[15,147889,2077],{},[33,147891,11409],{"id":11408},[20,147893,147894],{},"Here is a basic example with repeated values:",[38,147896,147898],{"className":40,"code":147897,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\", \"apple\")\n\nresult = fruits.count(\"apple\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,147899,147900,147948,147952,147974],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,147901,147902,147904,147906,147908,147910,147912,147914,147916,147918,147920,147922,147924,147926,147928,147930,147932,147934,147936,147938,147940,147942,147944,147946],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,147903,36173],{"class":53},[47,147905,58],{"class":57},[47,147907,9169],{"class":77},[47,147909,309],{"class":151},[47,147911,1425],{"class":155},[47,147913,309],{"class":151},[47,147915,668],{"class":77},[47,147917,303],{"class":151},[47,147919,1434],{"class":155},[47,147921,309],{"class":151},[47,147923,668],{"class":77},[47,147925,303],{"class":151},[47,147927,1425],{"class":155},[47,147929,309],{"class":151},[47,147931,668],{"class":77},[47,147933,303],{"class":151},[47,147935,1443],{"class":155},[47,147937,309],{"class":151},[47,147939,668],{"class":77},[47,147941,303],{"class":151},[47,147943,1425],{"class":155},[47,147945,309],{"class":151},[47,147947,85],{"class":77},[47,147949,147950],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,147951,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,147953,147954,147956,147958,147960,147962,147964,147966,147968,147970,147972],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,147955,2184],{"class":53},[47,147957,58],{"class":57},[47,147959,52778],{"class":53},[47,147961,914],{"class":77},[47,147963,41193],{"class":81},[47,147965,78],{"class":77},[47,147967,309],{"class":151},[47,147969,1425],{"class":155},[47,147971,309],{"class":151},[47,147973,85],{"class":77},[47,147975,147976,147978,147980,147982],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,147977,99],{"class":98},[47,147979,78],{"class":77},[47,147981,2218],{"class":81},[47,147983,85],{"class":77},[20,147985,129],{},[38,147987,147988],{"className":40,"code":46544,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,147989,147990],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,147991,147992],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,147993,46544],{"class":61},[20,147995,147996,147998,147999,2346,148001,914],{},[15,147997,57760],{}," appears 3 times in the tuple, so ",[15,148000,57217],{},[15,148002,2021],{},[33,148004,37955],{"id":37954},[20,148006,57471,148007,128490],{},[15,148008,57217],{},[185,148010,148011,148016,148021,148024],{},[188,148012,11358,148013,148015],{},[15,148014,2077],{}," when the value does not exist",[188,148017,11358,148018,148020],{},[15,148019,665],{}," when the value appears once",[188,148022,148023],{},"Returns a larger number when the value appears multiple times",[188,148025,148026,148027,148029],{},"The result can be used in ",[15,148028,6930],{}," statements and other conditions",[20,148031,800],{},[38,148033,148035],{"className":40,"code":148034,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"answers = (\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\")\n\nif answers.count(\"yes\") > 1:\n    print(\"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\")\n",[15,148036,148037,148078,148082,148109],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,148038,148039,148042,148044,148046,148048,148050,148052,148054,148056,148058,148060,148062,148064,148066,148068,148070,148072,148074,148076],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,148040,148041],{"class":53},"answers ",[47,148043,58],{"class":57},[47,148045,9169],{"class":77},[47,148047,309],{"class":151},[47,148049,8589],{"class":155},[47,148051,309],{"class":151},[47,148053,668],{"class":77},[47,148055,303],{"class":151},[47,148057,8528],{"class":155},[47,148059,309],{"class":151},[47,148061,668],{"class":77},[47,148063,303],{"class":151},[47,148065,8589],{"class":155},[47,148067,309],{"class":151},[47,148069,668],{"class":77},[47,148071,303],{"class":151},[47,148073,8589],{"class":155},[47,148075,309],{"class":151},[47,148077,85],{"class":77},[47,148079,148080],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,148081,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,148083,148084,148086,148089,148091,148093,148095,148097,148099,148101,148103,148105,148107],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,148085,6930],{"class":3812},[47,148087,148088],{"class":53}," answers",[47,148090,914],{"class":77},[47,148092,41193],{"class":81},[47,148094,78],{"class":77},[47,148096,309],{"class":151},[47,148098,8589],{"class":155},[47,148100,309],{"class":151},[47,148102,862],{"class":77},[47,148104,38331],{"class":57},[47,148106,5431],{"class":61},[47,148108,6329],{"class":77},[47,148110,148111,148113,148115,148117,148120,148122],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,148112,8000],{"class":98},[47,148114,78],{"class":77},[47,148116,309],{"class":151},[47,148118,148119],{"class":155},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.",[47,148121,309],{"class":151},[47,148123,85],{"class":77},[20,148125,129],{},[38,148127,148129],{"className":40,"code":148128,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\n",[15,148130,148131],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,148132,148133,148136,148138,148140,148142,148145],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,148134,148135],{"class":53},"The answer ",[47,148137,159],{"class":151},[47,148139,8589],{"class":155},[47,148141,159],{"class":151},[47,148143,148144],{"class":53}," appears more than once",[47,148146,906],{"class":77},[33,148148,40979],{"id":40978},[20,148150,35339,148151,104486],{},[15,148152,147627],{},[185,148154,148155,148158,148161,148164],{},[188,148156,148157],{},"Check whether a value appears in a tuple more than once",[188,148159,148160],{},"Count repeated answers or labels",[188,148162,148163],{},"Verify duplicates in small fixed collections",[188,148165,148166],{},"Make decisions based on how many matches were found",[20,148168,800],{},[38,148170,148172],{"className":40,"code":148171,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"scores = (10, 20, 10, 30, 10)\n\nif scores.count(10) >= 2:\n    print(\"The score 10 is repeated.\")\n",[15,148173,148174,148202,148206,148228],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,148175,148176,148178,148180,148182,148184,148186,148188,148190,148192,148194,148196,148198,148200],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,148177,4998],{"class":53},[47,148179,58],{"class":57},[47,148181,9169],{"class":77},[47,148183,193],{"class":61},[47,148185,668],{"class":77},[47,148187,7722],{"class":61},[47,148189,668],{"class":77},[47,148191,5939],{"class":61},[47,148193,668],{"class":77},[47,148195,7727],{"class":61},[47,148197,668],{"class":77},[47,148199,5939],{"class":61},[47,148201,85],{"class":77},[47,148203,148204],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,148205,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,148207,148208,148210,148212,148214,148216,148218,148220,148222,148224,148226],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,148209,6930],{"class":3812},[47,148211,5044],{"class":53},[47,148213,914],{"class":77},[47,148215,41193],{"class":81},[47,148217,78],{"class":77},[47,148219,193],{"class":61},[47,148221,862],{"class":77},[47,148223,51214],{"class":57},[47,148225,671],{"class":61},[47,148227,6329],{"class":77},[47,148229,148230,148232,148234,148236,148239,148241],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,148231,8000],{"class":98},[47,148233,78],{"class":77},[47,148235,309],{"class":151},[47,148237,148238],{"class":155},"The score 10 is repeated.",[47,148240,309],{"class":151},[47,148242,85],{"class":77},[20,148244,129],{},[38,148246,148248],{"className":40,"code":148247,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"The score 10 is repeated.\n",[15,148249,148250],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,148251,148252,148255,148257,148259,148262],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,148253,148254],{"class":53},"The score ",[47,148256,193],{"class":61},[47,148258,8028],{"class":57},[47,148260,148261],{"class":53}," repeated",[47,148263,906],{"class":77},[33,148265,148267],{"id":148266},"things-beginners-should-know","Things beginners should know",[20,148269,148270],{},"There are a few important details to remember:",[185,148272,148273,148279,148284,148287],{},[188,148274,148275,148276,148278],{},"Tuples are immutable, but ",[15,148277,57217],{}," still works because it only reads data",[188,148280,148281,148283],{},[15,148282,57217],{}," counts exact matches",[188,148285,148286],{},"String matching is case-sensitive",[188,148288,148289,4329,148291,148293],{},[15,148290,665],{},[15,148292,42090],{}," compare as equal in Python",[20,148295,800],{},[38,148297,148299],{"className":40,"code":148298,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = (1, 1.0, \"Cat\", \"cat\")\n\nprint(values.count(1))      # 2\nprint(values.count(\"Cat\"))  # 1\nprint(values.count(\"cat\"))  # 1\n",[15,148300,148301,148335,148339,148359,148383],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,148302,148303,148305,148307,148309,148311,148313,148316,148318,148320,148323,148325,148327,148329,148331,148333],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,148304,3758],{"class":53},[47,148306,58],{"class":57},[47,148308,9169],{"class":77},[47,148310,665],{"class":61},[47,148312,668],{"class":77},[47,148314,148315],{"class":61}," 1.0",[47,148317,668],{"class":77},[47,148319,303],{"class":151},[47,148321,148322],{"class":155},"Cat",[47,148324,309],{"class":151},[47,148326,668],{"class":77},[47,148328,303],{"class":151},[47,148330,36981],{"class":155},[47,148332,309],{"class":151},[47,148334,85],{"class":77},[47,148336,148337],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,148338,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,148340,148341,148343,148345,148347,148349,148351,148353,148355,148357],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,148342,99],{"class":98},[47,148344,78],{"class":77},[47,148346,5291],{"class":81},[47,148348,914],{"class":77},[47,148350,41193],{"class":81},[47,148352,78],{"class":77},[47,148354,665],{"class":61},[47,148356,5294],{"class":77},[47,148358,51020],{"class":1378},[47,148360,148361,148363,148365,148367,148369,148371,148373,148375,148377,148379,148381],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,148362,99],{"class":98},[47,148364,78],{"class":77},[47,148366,5291],{"class":81},[47,148368,914],{"class":77},[47,148370,41193],{"class":81},[47,148372,78],{"class":77},[47,148374,309],{"class":151},[47,148376,148322],{"class":155},[47,148378,309],{"class":151},[47,148380,5294],{"class":77},[47,148382,27713],{"class":1378},[47,148384,148385,148387,148389,148391,148393,148395,148397,148399,148401,148403,148405],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,148386,99],{"class":98},[47,148388,78],{"class":77},[47,148390,5291],{"class":81},[47,148392,914],{"class":77},[47,148394,41193],{"class":81},[47,148396,78],{"class":77},[47,148398,309],{"class":151},[47,148400,36981],{"class":155},[47,148402,309],{"class":151},[47,148404,5294],{"class":77},[47,148406,27713],{"class":1378},[20,148408,5090,148409,5093,148412,1812],{},[15,148410,148411],{},"values.count(1)",[15,148413,2016],{},[20,148415,8717,148416,849,148419,148421],{},[15,148417,148418],{},"1 == 1.0",[15,148420,212],{},", so both values are counted as matches.",[33,148423,2775],{"id":2774},[373,148425,1335,148427,148429],{"id":148426},"using-count-without-parentheses",[15,148428,41193],{}," without parentheses",[20,148431,148432],{},"This gives you the method itself, not the result.",[38,148434,148436],{"className":40,"code":148435,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers.count)\n",[15,148437,148438,148462],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,148439,148440,148442,148444,148446,148448,148450,148452,148454,148456,148458,148460],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,148441,3554],{"class":53},[47,148443,58],{"class":57},[47,148445,9169],{"class":77},[47,148447,665],{"class":61},[47,148449,668],{"class":77},[47,148451,671],{"class":61},[47,148453,668],{"class":77},[47,148455,671],{"class":61},[47,148457,668],{"class":77},[47,148459,676],{"class":61},[47,148461,85],{"class":77},[47,148463,148464,148466,148468,148470,148472,148474],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,148465,99],{"class":98},[47,148467,78],{"class":77},[47,148469,3584],{"class":81},[47,148471,914],{"class":77},[47,148473,41193],{"class":24685},[47,148475,85],{"class":77},[20,148477,148478],{},"To call the method correctly:",[38,148480,148482],{"className":40,"code":148481,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(numbers.count(2))\n",[15,148483,148484],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,148485,148486,148488,148490,148492,148494,148496,148498,148500],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,148487,99],{"class":98},[47,148489,78],{"class":77},[47,148491,3584],{"class":81},[47,148493,914],{"class":77},[47,148495,41193],{"class":81},[47,148497,78],{"class":77},[47,148499,2016],{"class":61},[47,148501,123],{"class":77},[373,148503,1400,148504,8386,148506,1389,148508],{"id":58520},[15,148505,57217],{},[15,148507,212],{},[15,148509,3609],{},[20,148511,148512,58531],{},[15,148513,57217],{},[38,148515,148517],{"className":40,"code":148516,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"a\")\nresult = letters.count(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 2\n",[15,148518,148519,148551,148573,148577],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,148520,148521,148523,148525,148527,148529,148531,148533,148535,148537,148539,148541,148543,148545,148547,148549],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,148522,36024],{"class":53},[47,148524,58],{"class":57},[47,148526,9169],{"class":77},[47,148528,309],{"class":151},[47,148530,360],{"class":155},[47,148532,309],{"class":151},[47,148534,668],{"class":77},[47,148536,303],{"class":151},[47,148538,4696],{"class":155},[47,148540,309],{"class":151},[47,148542,668],{"class":77},[47,148544,303],{"class":151},[47,148546,360],{"class":155},[47,148548,309],{"class":151},[47,148550,85],{"class":77},[47,148552,148553,148555,148557,148559,148561,148563,148565,148567,148569,148571],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,148554,2184],{"class":53},[47,148556,58],{"class":57},[47,148558,70023],{"class":53},[47,148560,914],{"class":77},[47,148562,41193],{"class":81},[47,148564,78],{"class":77},[47,148566,309],{"class":151},[47,148568,360],{"class":155},[47,148570,309],{"class":151},[47,148572,85],{"class":77},[47,148574,148575],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,148576,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,148578,148579,148581,148583,148585,148587],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,148580,99],{"class":98},[47,148582,78],{"class":77},[47,148584,2218],{"class":81},[47,148586,862],{"class":77},[47,148588,51341],{"class":1378},[20,148590,148591,148592,148594],{},"If you only want to check whether a value exists, using ",[15,148593,3819],{}," is often simpler:",[38,148596,148598],{"className":40,"code":148597,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(\"a\" in letters)  # True\n",[15,148599,148600],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,148601,148602,148604,148606,148608,148610,148612,148614,148616,148618],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,148603,99],{"class":98},[47,148605,78],{"class":77},[47,148607,309],{"class":151},[47,148609,360],{"class":155},[47,148611,309],{"class":151},[47,148613,21109],{"class":3812},[47,148615,70023],{"class":81},[47,148617,862],{"class":77},[47,148619,3599],{"class":1378},[373,148621,37138,148623,8636,148625],{"id":148622},"confusing-tuplecount-with-listcount",[15,148624,147627],{},[15,148626,57222],{},[20,148628,148629],{},"Both methods work in a similar way, but one is for tuples and one is for lists. A tuple cannot be changed, while a list can.",[20,148631,148632],{},"If you need a changeable collection, use a list instead.",[373,148634,148636],{"id":148635},"expecting-partial-string-matches","Expecting partial string matches",[20,148638,148639,148641],{},[15,148640,57217],{}," looks for exact tuple items, not part of a string.",[38,148643,148645],{"className":40,"code":148644,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = (\"apple\", \"pineapple\", \"apple\")\nprint(words.count(\"app\"))    # 0\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\n",[15,148646,148647,148680,148706],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,148648,148649,148651,148653,148655,148657,148659,148661,148663,148665,148668,148670,148672,148674,148676,148678],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,148650,4006],{"class":53},[47,148652,58],{"class":57},[47,148654,9169],{"class":77},[47,148656,309],{"class":151},[47,148658,1425],{"class":155},[47,148660,309],{"class":151},[47,148662,668],{"class":77},[47,148664,303],{"class":151},[47,148666,148667],{"class":155},"pineapple",[47,148669,309],{"class":151},[47,148671,668],{"class":77},[47,148673,303],{"class":151},[47,148675,1425],{"class":155},[47,148677,309],{"class":151},[47,148679,85],{"class":77},[47,148681,148682,148684,148686,148688,148690,148692,148694,148696,148699,148701,148703],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,148683,99],{"class":98},[47,148685,78],{"class":77},[47,148687,4048],{"class":81},[47,148689,914],{"class":77},[47,148691,41193],{"class":81},[47,148693,78],{"class":77},[47,148695,309],{"class":151},[47,148697,148698],{"class":155},"app",[47,148700,309],{"class":151},[47,148702,5294],{"class":77},[47,148704,148705],{"class":1378},"    # 0\n",[47,148707,148708,148710,148712,148714,148716,148718,148720,148722,148724,148726,148728],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,148709,99],{"class":98},[47,148711,78],{"class":77},[47,148713,4048],{"class":81},[47,148715,914],{"class":77},[47,148717,41193],{"class":81},[47,148719,78],{"class":77},[47,148721,309],{"class":151},[47,148723,1425],{"class":155},[47,148725,309],{"class":151},[47,148727,5294],{"class":77},[47,148729,51341],{"class":1378},[20,148731,148732,148735,148736,914],{},[15,148733,148734],{},"\"app\""," is not an exact item in the tuple, so the result is ",[15,148737,2077],{},[33,148739,148741],{"id":148740},"when-to-use-something-else","When to use something else",[20,148743,148744],{},"Sometimes another tool is a better fit:",[185,148746,148747,148752,148761,148767],{},[188,148748,165,148749,148751],{},[15,148750,3819],{}," to check only whether a value exists",[188,148753,165,148754,148760],{},[360,148755,148757,148758],{"href":148756},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method\u002F","tuple ",[15,148759,58895],{}," to find the position of a value",[188,148762,165,148763,148766],{},[15,148764,148765],{},"collections.Counter"," when you want to count many different values",[188,148768,148769],{},"Use a list if you need a changeable collection",[20,148771,45971,148772,2826],{},[15,148773,3819],{},[38,148775,148777],{"className":40,"code":148776,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (4, 7, 9)\n\nprint(7 in numbers)   # True\nprint(5 in numbers)   # False\n",[15,148778,148779,148799,148803,148819],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,148780,148781,148783,148785,148787,148789,148791,148793,148795,148797],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,148782,3554],{"class":53},[47,148784,58],{"class":57},[47,148786,9169],{"class":77},[47,148788,2451],{"class":61},[47,148790,668],{"class":77},[47,148792,5928],{"class":61},[47,148794,668],{"class":77},[47,148796,54063],{"class":61},[47,148798,85],{"class":77},[47,148800,148801],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,148802,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,148804,148805,148807,148809,148811,148813,148815,148817],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,148806,99],{"class":98},[47,148808,78],{"class":77},[47,148810,1984],{"class":61},[47,148812,21109],{"class":3812},[47,148814,4198],{"class":81},[47,148816,862],{"class":77},[47,148818,43786],{"class":1378},[47,148820,148821,148823,148825,148827,148829,148831,148833],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,148822,99],{"class":98},[47,148824,78],{"class":77},[47,148826,2094],{"class":61},[47,148828,21109],{"class":3812},[47,148830,4198],{"class":81},[47,148832,862],{"class":77},[47,148834,43803],{"class":1378},[20,148836,45971,148837,2826],{},[15,148838,58895],{},[38,148840,148842],{"className":40,"code":148841,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (4, 7, 9, 7)\nprint(numbers.index(7))  # 1\n",[15,148843,148844,148868],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,148845,148846,148848,148850,148852,148854,148856,148858,148860,148862,148864,148866],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,148847,3554],{"class":53},[47,148849,58],{"class":57},[47,148851,9169],{"class":77},[47,148853,2451],{"class":61},[47,148855,668],{"class":77},[47,148857,5928],{"class":61},[47,148859,668],{"class":77},[47,148861,54063],{"class":61},[47,148863,668],{"class":77},[47,148865,5928],{"class":61},[47,148867,85],{"class":77},[47,148869,148870,148872,148874,148876,148878,148880,148882,148884,148886],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,148871,99],{"class":98},[47,148873,78],{"class":77},[47,148875,3584],{"class":81},[47,148877,914],{"class":77},[47,148879,35780],{"class":81},[47,148881,78],{"class":77},[47,148883,1984],{"class":61},[47,148885,5294],{"class":77},[47,148887,27713],{"class":1378},[20,148889,148890,148892,148893,148895,148897],{},[15,148891,57217],{}," tells you how many times a value appears.",[9778,148894],{},[15,148896,58895],{}," tells you where the first match appears.",[33,148899,1762],{"id":1761},[373,148901,1766,148903,1769],{"id":148902},"what-does-tuplecount-return-in-python",[15,148904,147627],{},[20,148906,148907],{},"It returns an integer showing how many times the given value appears in the tuple.",[373,148909,1776,148911,148913],{"id":148910},"does-tuplecount-change-the-tuple",[15,148912,147627],{}," change the tuple?",[20,148915,148916],{},"No. It only reads the tuple and returns a count.",[373,148918,148920],{"id":148919},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-tuple","What happens if the value is not in the tuple?",[20,148922,11845,148923,914],{},[15,148924,2077],{},[373,148926,1786,148928,148930],{"id":148927},"can-tuplecount-count-strings",[15,148929,147627],{}," count strings?",[20,148932,148933],{},"Yes. It can count strings, numbers, booleans, and other values stored in the tuple.",[373,148935,5111,148937,4329,148939,1812],{"id":148936},"what-is-the-difference-between-tuplecount-and-tupleindex",[15,148938,147627],{},[15,148940,148941],{},"tuple.index()",[20,148943,148944,148946,148947,148949],{},[15,148945,57217],{}," returns how many times a value appears. ",[15,148948,58895],{}," returns the position of the first match.",[33,148951,1825],{"id":1824},[185,148953,148954,148958,148963,148970,148978],{},[188,148955,148956],{},[360,148957,147736],{"href":147735},[188,148959,148960],{},[360,148961,148962],{"href":147739},"Python tuple creating a tuple",[188,148964,148965],{},[360,148966,148967,148968,10673],{"href":148756},"Python tuple ",[15,148969,58895],{},[188,148971,148972],{},[360,148973,148975,148976],{"href":148974},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len\u002F","Python tuple length with ",[15,148977,42292],{},[188,148979,148980],{},[360,148981,58883],{"href":58882},[1875,148983,148984],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":65,"depth":65,"links":148986},[148987,148989,148992,148993,148994,148995,148996,149004,149005,149016],{"id":147703,"depth":65,"text":148988},"What tuple.count() does",{"id":147743,"depth":65,"text":147744,"children":148990},[148991],{"id":103022,"depth":88,"text":103023},{"id":11408,"depth":65,"text":11409},{"id":37954,"depth":65,"text":37955},{"id":40978,"depth":65,"text":40979},{"id":148266,"depth":65,"text":148267},{"id":2774,"depth":65,"text":2775,"children":148997},[148998,149000,149001,149003],{"id":148426,"depth":88,"text":148999},"Using count without parentheses",{"id":58520,"depth":88,"text":58936},{"id":148622,"depth":88,"text":149002},"Confusing tuple.count() with list.count()",{"id":148635,"depth":88,"text":148636},{"id":148740,"depth":65,"text":148741},{"id":1761,"depth":65,"text":1762,"children":149006},[149007,149009,149011,149012,149014],{"id":148902,"depth":88,"text":149008},"What does tuple.count() return in Python?",{"id":148910,"depth":88,"text":149010},"Does tuple.count() change the tuple?",{"id":148919,"depth":88,"text":148920},{"id":148927,"depth":88,"text":149013},"Can tuple.count() count strings?",{"id":148936,"depth":88,"text":149015},"What is the difference between tuple.count() and tuple.index()?",{"id":1824,"depth":65,"text":1825},"Master python tuple count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method",{"title":147614,"description":149017},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method","kaAqrDbPTszVe1OqbZgoePawtZs2amhp3rmhBeJurOY",{"id":149024,"title":149025,"body":149026,"description":150713,"extension":1922,"meta":150714,"navigation":91,"path":150715,"seo":150716,"stem":150717,"__hash__":150718},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple.md","Python Tuple: Creating a Tuple",{"type":7,"value":149027,"toc":150676},[149028,149031,149034,149043,149045,149175,149177,149238,149244,149246,149266,149270,149273,149276,149311,149313,149334,149337,149376,149378,149403,149410,149414,149417,149454,149456,149479,149482,149485,149497,149503,149507,149510,149516,149557,149559,149582,149585,149626,149628,149655,149657,149674,149676,149693,149696,149700,149703,149705,149739,149741,149788,149792,149831,149835,149838,149895,149897,149938,149944,149950,149955,149957,149994,149996,150016,150018,150051,150053,150086,150089,150093,150126,150128,150153,150156,150158,150172,150179,150181,150184,150188,150191,150226,150229,150264,150268,150271,150310,150313,150352,150356,150358,150388,150391,150398,150400,150432,150435,150467,150470,150501,150503,150520,150524,150527,150591,150593,150597,150604,150608,150611,150615,150618,150622,150625,150630,150636,150638,150673],[10,149029,149025],{"id":149030},"python-tuple-creating-a-tuple",[20,149032,149033],{},"A tuple is a simple way to store multiple values in one object. This page shows how to create tuples in Python, including empty tuples, one-item tuples, and tuples made from other iterable values.",[20,149035,149036,149037,1389,149041,914],{},"The focus here is only on tuple creation syntax. If you want a general introduction, see ",[360,149038,149040],{"href":149039},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python\u002F","what is a tuple in Python",[360,149042,147736],{"href":147735},[33,149044,36],{"id":35},[38,149046,149048],{"className":40,"code":149047,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nempty = ()\none_item = (5,)\nfrom_list = tuple([\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"])\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(empty)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(from_list)\n",[15,149049,149050,149070,149079,149093,149129,149133,149143,149153,149164],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,149051,149052,149054,149056,149058,149060,149062,149064,149066,149068],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,149053,3554],{"class":53},[47,149055,58],{"class":57},[47,149057,9169],{"class":77},[47,149059,665],{"class":61},[47,149061,668],{"class":77},[47,149063,671],{"class":61},[47,149065,668],{"class":77},[47,149067,676],{"class":61},[47,149069,85],{"class":77},[47,149071,149072,149074,149076],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,149073,124600],{"class":53},[47,149075,58],{"class":57},[47,149077,149078],{"class":77}," ()\n",[47,149080,149081,149084,149086,149088,149090],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,149082,149083],{"class":53},"one_item ",[47,149085,58],{"class":57},[47,149087,9169],{"class":77},[47,149089,2094],{"class":61},[47,149091,149092],{"class":77},",)\n",[47,149094,149095,149098,149100,149103,149105,149107,149109,149111,149113,149115,149117,149119,149121,149123,149125,149127],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,149096,149097],{"class":53},"from_list ",[47,149099,58],{"class":57},[47,149101,149102],{"class":73}," tuple",[47,149104,2928],{"class":77},[47,149106,309],{"class":151},[47,149108,360],{"class":155},[47,149110,309],{"class":151},[47,149112,668],{"class":77},[47,149114,303],{"class":151},[47,149116,4696],{"class":155},[47,149118,309],{"class":151},[47,149120,668],{"class":77},[47,149122,303],{"class":151},[47,149124,9671],{"class":155},[47,149126,309],{"class":151},[47,149128,3825],{"class":77},[47,149130,149131],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,149132,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,149134,149135,149137,149139,149141],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,149136,99],{"class":98},[47,149138,78],{"class":77},[47,149140,3584],{"class":81},[47,149142,85],{"class":77},[47,149144,149145,149147,149149,149151],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,149146,99],{"class":98},[47,149148,78],{"class":77},[47,149150,124651],{"class":81},[47,149152,85],{"class":77},[47,149154,149155,149157,149159,149162],{"class":49,"line":1734},[47,149156,99],{"class":98},[47,149158,78],{"class":77},[47,149160,149161],{"class":81},"one_item",[47,149163,85],{"class":77},[47,149165,149166,149168,149170,149173],{"class":49,"line":6365},[47,149167,99],{"class":98},[47,149169,78],{"class":77},[47,149171,149172],{"class":81},"from_list",[47,149174,85],{"class":77},[20,149176,129],{},[38,149178,149180],{"className":40,"code":149179,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(1, 2, 3)\n()\n(5,)\n('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,149181,149182,149198,149202,149210],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,149183,149184,149186,149188,149190,149192,149194,149196],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,149185,78],{"class":77},[47,149187,665],{"class":61},[47,149189,668],{"class":77},[47,149191,671],{"class":61},[47,149193,668],{"class":77},[47,149195,676],{"class":61},[47,149197,85],{"class":77},[47,149199,149200],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,149201,8574],{"class":77},[47,149203,149204,149206,149208],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,149205,78],{"class":77},[47,149207,2094],{"class":61},[47,149209,149092],{"class":77},[47,149211,149212,149214,149216,149218,149220,149222,149224,149226,149228,149230,149232,149234,149236],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,149213,78],{"class":77},[47,149215,159],{"class":151},[47,149217,360],{"class":155},[47,149219,159],{"class":151},[47,149221,668],{"class":77},[47,149223,152],{"class":151},[47,149225,4696],{"class":155},[47,149227,159],{"class":151},[47,149229,668],{"class":77},[47,149231,152],{"class":151},[47,149233,9671],{"class":155},[47,149235,159],{"class":151},[47,149237,85],{"class":77},[20,149239,149240,149241,914],{},"Use parentheses for most tuples. For one item, add a trailing comma: ",[15,149242,149243],{},"(5,)",[33,149245,15097],{"id":15096},[185,149247,149248,149251,149254,149257,149260,149263],{},[188,149249,149250],{},"What a tuple is at a basic level",[188,149252,149253],{},"How to create tuples with literal syntax",[188,149255,149256],{},"How to create an empty tuple",[188,149258,149259],{},"How to create a tuple with one item",[188,149261,149262],{},"How to create a tuple from a list, string, or other iterable",[188,149264,149265],{},"When tuple creation is useful",[33,149267,149269],{"id":149268},"basic-tuple-creation","Basic tuple creation",[20,149271,149272],{},"A tuple is an ordered collection of values.",[20,149274,149275],{},"Tuples are usually written with parentheses, and items are separated by commas.",[38,149277,149279],{"className":40,"code":149278,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,149280,149281,149301],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,149282,149283,149285,149287,149289,149291,149293,149295,149297,149299],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,149284,3554],{"class":53},[47,149286,58],{"class":57},[47,149288,9169],{"class":77},[47,149290,665],{"class":61},[47,149292,668],{"class":77},[47,149294,671],{"class":61},[47,149296,668],{"class":77},[47,149298,676],{"class":61},[47,149300,85],{"class":77},[47,149302,149303,149305,149307,149309],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,149304,99],{"class":98},[47,149306,78],{"class":77},[47,149308,3584],{"class":81},[47,149310,85],{"class":77},[20,149312,129],{},[38,149314,149316],{"className":40,"code":149315,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,149317,149318],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,149319,149320,149322,149324,149326,149328,149330,149332],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,149321,78],{"class":77},[47,149323,665],{"class":61},[47,149325,668],{"class":77},[47,149327,671],{"class":61},[47,149329,668],{"class":77},[47,149331,676],{"class":61},[47,149333,85],{"class":77},[20,149335,149336],{},"A tuple can also store different data types:",[38,149338,149340],{"className":40,"code":149339,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(data)\n",[15,149341,149342,149366],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,149343,149344,149346,149348,149350,149352,149354,149356,149358,149360,149362,149364],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,149345,9098],{"class":53},[47,149347,58],{"class":57},[47,149349,9169],{"class":77},[47,149351,665],{"class":61},[47,149353,668],{"class":77},[47,149355,303],{"class":151},[47,149357,1425],{"class":155},[47,149359,309],{"class":151},[47,149361,668],{"class":77},[47,149363,3852],{"class":571},[47,149365,85],{"class":77},[47,149367,149368,149370,149372,149374],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,149369,99],{"class":98},[47,149371,78],{"class":77},[47,149373,9137],{"class":81},[47,149375,85],{"class":77},[20,149377,129],{},[38,149379,149381],{"className":40,"code":149380,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(1, 'apple', True)\n",[15,149382,149383],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,149384,149385,149387,149389,149391,149393,149395,149397,149399,149401],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,149386,78],{"class":77},[47,149388,665],{"class":61},[47,149390,668],{"class":77},[47,149392,152],{"class":151},[47,149394,1425],{"class":155},[47,149396,159],{"class":151},[47,149398,668],{"class":77},[47,149400,3852],{"class":571},[47,149402,85],{"class":77},[20,149404,149405,149406,914],{},"If you later want to get values out of a tuple by position, see ",[360,149407,149409],{"href":149408},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained\u002F","Python tuple indexing explained",[33,149411,149413],{"id":149412},"create-an-empty-tuple","Create an empty tuple",[20,149415,149416],{},"Use empty parentheses to create an empty tuple:",[38,149418,149420],{"className":40,"code":149419,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"empty = ()\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,149421,149422,149430,149440],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,149423,149424,149426,149428],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,149425,124600],{"class":53},[47,149427,58],{"class":57},[47,149429,149078],{"class":77},[47,149431,149432,149434,149436,149438],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,149433,99],{"class":98},[47,149435,78],{"class":77},[47,149437,124651],{"class":81},[47,149439,85],{"class":77},[47,149441,149442,149444,149446,149448,149450,149452],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,149443,99],{"class":98},[47,149445,78],{"class":77},[47,149447,116],{"class":73},[47,149449,78],{"class":77},[47,149451,124651],{"class":81},[47,149453,123],{"class":77},[20,149455,129],{},[38,149457,149459],{"className":40,"code":149458,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"()\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,149460,149461,149465],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,149462,149463],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,149464,8574],{"class":77},[47,149466,149467,149469,149471,149473,149475,149477],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,149468,144],{"class":57},[47,149470,148],{"class":147},[47,149472,152],{"class":151},[47,149474,48878],{"class":155},[47,149476,159],{"class":151},[47,149478,162],{"class":57},[20,149480,149481],{},"An empty tuple can be useful as a starting value.",[20,149483,149484],{},"It is different from an empty list:",[185,149486,149487,149492],{},[188,149488,149489,149490],{},"Empty tuple: ",[15,149491,7298],{},[188,149493,149494,149495],{},"Empty list: ",[15,149496,3722],{},[20,149498,149499,149500,914],{},"If you want to compare tuple and list creation, see ",[360,149501,149502],{"href":57081},"Python list: creating a list",[33,149504,149506],{"id":149505},"create-a-tuple-with-one-item","Create a tuple with one item",[20,149508,149509],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake.",[20,149511,149512,149513,149515],{},"A single value inside parentheses is ",[127,149514,768],{}," automatically a tuple:",[38,149517,149519],{"className":40,"code":149518,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = (5)\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,149520,149521,149533,149543],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,149522,149523,149525,149527,149529,149531],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,149524,566],{"class":53},[47,149526,58],{"class":57},[47,149528,9169],{"class":77},[47,149530,2094],{"class":61},[47,149532,85],{"class":77},[47,149534,149535,149537,149539,149541],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,149536,99],{"class":98},[47,149538,78],{"class":77},[47,149540,585],{"class":81},[47,149542,85],{"class":77},[47,149544,149545,149547,149549,149551,149553,149555],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,149546,99],{"class":98},[47,149548,78],{"class":77},[47,149550,116],{"class":73},[47,149552,78],{"class":77},[47,149554,585],{"class":81},[47,149556,123],{"class":77},[20,149558,129],{},[38,149560,149562],{"className":40,"code":149561,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"5\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,149563,149564,149568],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,149565,149566],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,149567,2889],{"class":61},[47,149569,149570,149572,149574,149576,149578,149580],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,149571,144],{"class":57},[47,149573,148],{"class":147},[47,149575,152],{"class":151},[47,149577,1050],{"class":155},[47,149579,159],{"class":151},[47,149581,162],{"class":57},[20,149583,149584],{},"To create a tuple with one item, you must add a trailing comma:",[38,149586,149588],{"className":40,"code":149587,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"one_item = (5,)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(type(one_item))\n",[15,149589,149590,149602,149612],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,149591,149592,149594,149596,149598,149600],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,149593,149083],{"class":53},[47,149595,58],{"class":57},[47,149597,9169],{"class":77},[47,149599,2094],{"class":61},[47,149601,149092],{"class":77},[47,149603,149604,149606,149608,149610],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,149605,99],{"class":98},[47,149607,78],{"class":77},[47,149609,149161],{"class":81},[47,149611,85],{"class":77},[47,149613,149614,149616,149618,149620,149622,149624],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,149615,99],{"class":98},[47,149617,78],{"class":77},[47,149619,116],{"class":73},[47,149621,78],{"class":77},[47,149623,149161],{"class":81},[47,149625,123],{"class":77},[20,149627,129],{},[38,149629,149631],{"className":40,"code":149630,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(5,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,149632,149633,149641],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,149634,149635,149637,149639],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,149636,78],{"class":77},[47,149638,2094],{"class":61},[47,149640,149092],{"class":77},[47,149642,149643,149645,149647,149649,149651,149653],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,149644,144],{"class":57},[47,149646,148],{"class":147},[47,149648,152],{"class":151},[47,149650,48878],{"class":155},[47,149652,159],{"class":151},[47,149654,162],{"class":57},[20,149656,16591],{},[38,149658,149660],{"className":40,"code":149659,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(\"apple\",)\n",[15,149661,149662],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,149663,149664,149666,149668,149670,149672],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,149665,78],{"class":77},[47,149667,309],{"class":151},[47,149669,1425],{"class":155},[47,149671,309],{"class":151},[47,149673,149092],{"class":77},[20,149675,16579],{},[38,149677,149679],{"className":40,"code":149678,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(\"apple\")\n",[15,149680,149681],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,149682,149683,149685,149687,149689,149691],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,149684,78],{"class":77},[47,149686,309],{"class":151},[47,149688,1425],{"class":155},[47,149690,309],{"class":151},[47,149692,85],{"class":77},[20,149694,149695],{},"The comma is what makes it a tuple.",[33,149697,149699],{"id":149698},"create-tuples-with-different-value-types","Create tuples with different value types",[20,149701,149702],{},"A tuple can contain many kinds of values.",[373,149704,56389],{"id":3584},[38,149706,149707],{"className":40,"code":149278,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,149708,149709,149729],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,149710,149711,149713,149715,149717,149719,149721,149723,149725,149727],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,149712,3554],{"class":53},[47,149714,58],{"class":57},[47,149716,9169],{"class":77},[47,149718,665],{"class":61},[47,149720,668],{"class":77},[47,149722,671],{"class":61},[47,149724,668],{"class":77},[47,149726,676],{"class":61},[47,149728,85],{"class":77},[47,149730,149731,149733,149735,149737],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,149732,99],{"class":98},[47,149734,78],{"class":77},[47,149736,3584],{"class":81},[47,149738,85],{"class":77},[373,149740,56392],{"id":5241},[38,149742,149744],{"className":40,"code":149743,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,149745,149746,149778],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,149747,149748,149750,149752,149754,149756,149758,149760,149762,149764,149766,149768,149770,149772,149774,149776],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,149749,13010],{"class":53},[47,149751,58],{"class":57},[47,149753,9169],{"class":77},[47,149755,309],{"class":151},[47,149757,13027],{"class":155},[47,149759,309],{"class":151},[47,149761,668],{"class":77},[47,149763,303],{"class":151},[47,149765,17390],{"class":155},[47,149767,309],{"class":151},[47,149769,668],{"class":77},[47,149771,303],{"class":151},[47,149773,13044],{"class":155},[47,149775,309],{"class":151},[47,149777,85],{"class":77},[47,149779,149780,149782,149784,149786],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,149781,99],{"class":98},[47,149783,78],{"class":77},[47,149785,17437],{"class":81},[47,149787,85],{"class":77},[373,149789,149791],{"id":149790},"mixed-values","Mixed values",[38,149793,149795],{"className":40,"code":149794,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"mixed = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,149796,149797,149821],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,149798,149799,149801,149803,149805,149807,149809,149811,149813,149815,149817,149819],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,149800,59400],{"class":53},[47,149802,58],{"class":57},[47,149804,9169],{"class":77},[47,149806,665],{"class":61},[47,149808,668],{"class":77},[47,149810,303],{"class":151},[47,149812,1425],{"class":155},[47,149814,309],{"class":151},[47,149816,668],{"class":77},[47,149818,3852],{"class":571},[47,149820,85],{"class":77},[47,149822,149823,149825,149827,149829],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,149824,99],{"class":98},[47,149826,78],{"class":77},[47,149828,59453],{"class":81},[47,149830,85],{"class":77},[373,149832,149834],{"id":149833},"nested-values","Nested values",[20,149836,149837],{},"You can also put other collections inside a tuple:",[38,149839,149841],{"className":40,"code":149840,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"nested = (1, (\"a\", \"b\"), [10, 20])\nprint(nested)\n",[15,149842,149843,149884],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,149844,149845,149848,149850,149852,149854,149856,149858,149860,149862,149864,149866,149868,149870,149872,149874,149876,149878,149880,149882],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,149846,149847],{"class":53},"nested ",[47,149849,58],{"class":57},[47,149851,9169],{"class":77},[47,149853,665],{"class":61},[47,149855,668],{"class":77},[47,149857,9169],{"class":77},[47,149859,309],{"class":151},[47,149861,360],{"class":155},[47,149863,309],{"class":151},[47,149865,668],{"class":77},[47,149867,303],{"class":151},[47,149869,4696],{"class":155},[47,149871,309],{"class":151},[47,149873,9166],{"class":77},[47,149875,662],{"class":77},[47,149877,193],{"class":61},[47,149879,668],{"class":77},[47,149881,7722],{"class":61},[47,149883,3825],{"class":77},[47,149885,149886,149888,149890,149893],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,149887,99],{"class":98},[47,149889,78],{"class":77},[47,149891,149892],{"class":81},"nested",[47,149894,85],{"class":77},[20,149896,129],{},[38,149898,149900],{"className":40,"code":149899,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(1, ('a', 'b'), [10, 20])\n",[15,149901,149902],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,149903,149904,149906,149908,149910,149912,149914,149916,149918,149920,149922,149924,149926,149928,149930,149932,149934,149936],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,149905,78],{"class":77},[47,149907,665],{"class":61},[47,149909,668],{"class":77},[47,149911,9169],{"class":77},[47,149913,159],{"class":151},[47,149915,360],{"class":155},[47,149917,159],{"class":151},[47,149919,668],{"class":77},[47,149921,152],{"class":151},[47,149923,4696],{"class":155},[47,149925,159],{"class":151},[47,149927,9166],{"class":77},[47,149929,662],{"class":77},[47,149931,193],{"class":61},[47,149933,668],{"class":77},[47,149935,7722],{"class":61},[47,149937,3825],{"class":77},[33,149939,149941,149942],{"id":149940},"create-a-tuple-with-tuple","Create a tuple with ",[15,149943,37981],{},[20,149945,149946,149947,149949],{},"You can use the built-in ",[15,149948,37981],{}," function to convert another iterable into a tuple.",[20,149951,149952,149953,914],{},"If you want more detail about this function, see ",[360,149954,63145],{"href":63144},[373,149956,105163],{"id":105162},[38,149958,149960],{"className":40,"code":149959,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = tuple([1, 2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,149961,149962,149984],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,149963,149964,149966,149968,149970,149972,149974,149976,149978,149980,149982],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,149965,3554],{"class":53},[47,149967,58],{"class":57},[47,149969,149102],{"class":73},[47,149971,2928],{"class":77},[47,149973,665],{"class":61},[47,149975,668],{"class":77},[47,149977,671],{"class":61},[47,149979,668],{"class":77},[47,149981,676],{"class":61},[47,149983,3825],{"class":77},[47,149985,149986,149988,149990,149992],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,149987,99],{"class":98},[47,149989,78],{"class":77},[47,149991,3584],{"class":81},[47,149993,85],{"class":77},[20,149995,129],{},[38,149997,149998],{"className":40,"code":149315,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,149999,150000],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150001,150002,150004,150006,150008,150010,150012,150014],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150003,78],{"class":77},[47,150005,665],{"class":61},[47,150007,668],{"class":77},[47,150009,671],{"class":61},[47,150011,668],{"class":77},[47,150013,676],{"class":61},[47,150015,85],{"class":77},[373,150017,105349],{"id":105348},[38,150019,150021],{"className":40,"code":150020,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = tuple(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,150022,150023,150041],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150024,150025,150027,150029,150031,150033,150035,150037,150039],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150026,36024],{"class":53},[47,150028,58],{"class":57},[47,150030,149102],{"class":73},[47,150032,78],{"class":77},[47,150034,309],{"class":151},[47,150036,41494],{"class":155},[47,150038,309],{"class":151},[47,150040,85],{"class":77},[47,150042,150043,150045,150047,150049],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,150044,99],{"class":98},[47,150046,78],{"class":77},[47,150048,36077],{"class":81},[47,150050,85],{"class":77},[20,150052,129],{},[38,150054,150056],{"className":40,"code":150055,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,150057,150058],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150059,150060,150062,150064,150066,150068,150070,150072,150074,150076,150078,150080,150082,150084],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150061,78],{"class":77},[47,150063,159],{"class":151},[47,150065,360],{"class":155},[47,150067,159],{"class":151},[47,150069,668],{"class":77},[47,150071,152],{"class":151},[47,150073,4696],{"class":155},[47,150075,159],{"class":151},[47,150077,668],{"class":77},[47,150079,152],{"class":151},[47,150081,9671],{"class":155},[47,150083,159],{"class":151},[47,150085,85],{"class":77},[20,150087,150088],{},"This works because a string is iterable, so Python goes through it one character at a time.",[373,150090,150092],{"id":150091},"from-another-iterable","From another iterable",[38,150094,150096],{"className":40,"code":150095,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = tuple(range(4))\nprint(values)\n",[15,150097,150098,150116],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150099,150100,150102,150104,150106,150108,150110,150112,150114],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150101,3758],{"class":53},[47,150103,58],{"class":57},[47,150105,149102],{"class":73},[47,150107,78],{"class":77},[47,150109,59926],{"class":98},[47,150111,78],{"class":77},[47,150113,2451],{"class":61},[47,150115,123],{"class":77},[47,150117,150118,150120,150122,150124],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,150119,99],{"class":98},[47,150121,78],{"class":77},[47,150123,5291],{"class":81},[47,150125,85],{"class":77},[20,150127,129],{},[38,150129,150131],{"className":40,"code":150130,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(0, 1, 2, 3)\n",[15,150132,150133],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150134,150135,150137,150139,150141,150143,150145,150147,150149,150151],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150136,78],{"class":77},[47,150138,2077],{"class":61},[47,150140,668],{"class":77},[47,150142,5431],{"class":61},[47,150144,668],{"class":77},[47,150146,671],{"class":61},[47,150148,668],{"class":77},[47,150150,676],{"class":61},[47,150152,85],{"class":77},[20,150154,150155],{},"This is useful when your data already exists in another form and you want a tuple version of it.",[33,150157,20736],{"id":20735},[185,150159,150160,150163,150166,150169],{},[188,150161,150162],{},"Commas create tuple items.",[188,150164,150165],{},"Parentheses help readability, but the commas matter most.",[188,150167,150168],{},"Tuples cannot be changed after creation.",[188,150170,150171],{},"If you need to change items often, use a list instead.",[20,150173,150174,150175,914],{},"For a bigger comparison, see ",[360,150176,150178],{"href":150177},"\u002Flearn\u002Fwhen-to-use-lists-vs-tuples-vs-sets-vs-dictionaries\u002F","when to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[33,150180,2775],{"id":2774},[20,150182,150183],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating tuples.",[373,150185,150187],{"id":150186},"forgetting-the-comma-in-a-one-item-tuple","Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple",[20,150189,150190],{},"This creates a normal value, not a tuple:",[38,150192,150194],{"className":40,"code":150193,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"item = (\"apple\")\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,150195,150196,150212],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150197,150198,150200,150202,150204,150206,150208,150210],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150199,28472],{"class":53},[47,150201,58],{"class":57},[47,150203,9169],{"class":77},[47,150205,309],{"class":151},[47,150207,1425],{"class":155},[47,150209,309],{"class":151},[47,150211,85],{"class":77},[47,150213,150214,150216,150218,150220,150222,150224],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,150215,99],{"class":98},[47,150217,78],{"class":77},[47,150219,116],{"class":73},[47,150221,78],{"class":77},[47,150223,23245],{"class":81},[47,150225,123],{"class":77},[20,150227,150228],{},"To fix it, add a comma:",[38,150230,150232],{"className":40,"code":150231,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"item = (\"apple\",)\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,150233,150234,150250],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150235,150236,150238,150240,150242,150244,150246,150248],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150237,28472],{"class":53},[47,150239,58],{"class":57},[47,150241,9169],{"class":77},[47,150243,309],{"class":151},[47,150245,1425],{"class":155},[47,150247,309],{"class":151},[47,150249,149092],{"class":77},[47,150251,150252,150254,150256,150258,150260,150262],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,150253,99],{"class":98},[47,150255,78],{"class":77},[47,150257,116],{"class":73},[47,150259,78],{"class":77},[47,150261,23245],{"class":81},[47,150263,123],{"class":77},[373,150265,150267],{"id":150266},"using-square-brackets-by-mistake","Using square brackets by mistake",[20,150269,150270],{},"This creates a list, not a tuple:",[38,150272,150274],{"className":40,"code":150273,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,150275,150276,150296],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150277,150278,150280,150282,150284,150286,150288,150290,150292,150294],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150279,3758],{"class":53},[47,150281,58],{"class":57},[47,150283,662],{"class":77},[47,150285,665],{"class":61},[47,150287,668],{"class":77},[47,150289,671],{"class":61},[47,150291,668],{"class":77},[47,150293,676],{"class":61},[47,150295,679],{"class":77},[47,150297,150298,150300,150302,150304,150306,150308],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,150299,99],{"class":98},[47,150301,78],{"class":77},[47,150303,116],{"class":73},[47,150305,78],{"class":77},[47,150307,5291],{"class":81},[47,150309,123],{"class":77},[20,150311,150312],{},"If you want a tuple, use parentheses:",[38,150314,150316],{"className":40,"code":150315,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,150317,150318,150338],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150319,150320,150322,150324,150326,150328,150330,150332,150334,150336],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150321,3758],{"class":53},[47,150323,58],{"class":57},[47,150325,9169],{"class":77},[47,150327,665],{"class":61},[47,150329,668],{"class":77},[47,150331,671],{"class":61},[47,150333,668],{"class":77},[47,150335,676],{"class":61},[47,150337,85],{"class":77},[47,150339,150340,150342,150344,150346,150348,150350],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,150341,99],{"class":98},[47,150343,78],{"class":77},[47,150345,116],{"class":73},[47,150347,78],{"class":77},[47,150349,5291],{"class":81},[47,150351,123],{"class":77},[373,150353,150355],{"id":150354},"expecting-tuple-items-to-be-changeable","Expecting tuple items to be changeable",[20,150357,150168],{},[38,150359,150361],{"className":40,"code":150360,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\n# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[15,150362,150363,150383],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150364,150365,150367,150369,150371,150373,150375,150377,150379,150381],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150366,3554],{"class":53},[47,150368,58],{"class":57},[47,150370,9169],{"class":77},[47,150372,665],{"class":61},[47,150374,668],{"class":77},[47,150376,671],{"class":61},[47,150378,668],{"class":77},[47,150380,676],{"class":61},[47,150382,85],{"class":77},[47,150384,150385],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,150386,150387],{"class":1378},"# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[20,150389,150390],{},"If you need to update items, use a list instead.",[373,150392,37138,150394,150397],{"id":150393},"confusing-tupleabc-with-one-string-inside-a-tuple",[15,150395,150396],{},"tuple(\"abc\")"," with one string inside a tuple",[20,150399,1407],{},[38,150401,150402],{"className":40,"code":150020,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,150403,150404,150422],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150405,150406,150408,150410,150412,150414,150416,150418,150420],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150407,36024],{"class":53},[47,150409,58],{"class":57},[47,150411,149102],{"class":73},[47,150413,78],{"class":77},[47,150415,309],{"class":151},[47,150417,41494],{"class":155},[47,150419,309],{"class":151},[47,150421,85],{"class":77},[47,150423,150424,150426,150428,150430],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,150425,99],{"class":98},[47,150427,78],{"class":77},[47,150429,36077],{"class":81},[47,150431,85],{"class":77},[20,150433,150434],{},"gives:",[38,150436,150437],{"className":40,"code":150055,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,150438,150439],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150440,150441,150443,150445,150447,150449,150451,150453,150455,150457,150459,150461,150463,150465],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150442,78],{"class":77},[47,150444,159],{"class":151},[47,150446,360],{"class":155},[47,150448,159],{"class":151},[47,150450,668],{"class":77},[47,150452,152],{"class":151},[47,150454,4696],{"class":155},[47,150456,159],{"class":151},[47,150458,668],{"class":77},[47,150460,152],{"class":151},[47,150462,9671],{"class":155},[47,150464,159],{"class":151},[47,150466,85],{"class":77},[20,150468,150469],{},"If you want one string as a single tuple item, write:",[38,150471,150473],{"className":40,"code":150472,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"word = (\"abc\",)\nprint(word)\n",[15,150474,150475,150491],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150476,150477,150479,150481,150483,150485,150487,150489],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150478,6089],{"class":53},[47,150480,58],{"class":57},[47,150482,9169],{"class":77},[47,150484,309],{"class":151},[47,150486,41494],{"class":155},[47,150488,309],{"class":151},[47,150490,149092],{"class":77},[47,150492,150493,150495,150497,150499],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,150494,99],{"class":98},[47,150496,78],{"class":77},[47,150498,38326],{"class":81},[47,150500,85],{"class":77},[20,150502,129],{},[38,150504,150506],{"className":40,"code":150505,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"('abc',)\n",[15,150507,150508],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150509,150510,150512,150514,150516,150518],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150511,78],{"class":77},[47,150513,159],{"class":151},[47,150515,41494],{"class":155},[47,150517,159],{"class":151},[47,150519,149092],{"class":77},[373,150521,150523],{"id":150522},"simple-debugging-checks","Simple debugging checks",[20,150525,150526],{},"If you are not sure what you created, these checks help:",[38,150528,150530],{"className":40,"code":150529,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_tuple = (\"apple\",)\n\nprint(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,150531,150532,150549,150553,150563,150577],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150533,150534,150537,150539,150541,150543,150545,150547],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150535,150536],{"class":53},"my_tuple ",[47,150538,58],{"class":57},[47,150540,9169],{"class":77},[47,150542,309],{"class":151},[47,150544,1425],{"class":155},[47,150546,309],{"class":151},[47,150548,149092],{"class":77},[47,150550,150551],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,150552,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,150554,150555,150557,150559,150561],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,150556,99],{"class":98},[47,150558,78],{"class":77},[47,150560,147754],{"class":81},[47,150562,85],{"class":77},[47,150564,150565,150567,150569,150571,150573,150575],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,150566,99],{"class":98},[47,150568,78],{"class":77},[47,150570,116],{"class":73},[47,150572,78],{"class":77},[47,150574,147754],{"class":81},[47,150576,123],{"class":77},[47,150578,150579,150581,150583,150585,150587,150589],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,150580,99],{"class":98},[47,150582,78],{"class":77},[47,150584,11095],{"class":98},[47,150586,78],{"class":77},[47,150588,147754],{"class":81},[47,150590,123],{"class":77},[33,150592,1762],{"id":1761},[373,150594,150596],{"id":150595},"how-do-i-create-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I create a tuple with one item?",[20,150598,150599,150600,150603],{},"Add a trailing comma, like ",[15,150601,150602],{},"(\"apple\",)",". Without the comma, Python treats it as a normal value.",[373,150605,150607],{"id":150606},"do-tuples-always-need-parentheses","Do tuples always need parentheses?",[20,150609,150610],{},"Parentheses are common and clearer for beginners, but commas are what make a tuple.",[373,150612,150614],{"id":150613},"can-a-tuple-contain-different-data-types","Can a tuple contain different data types?",[20,150616,150617],{},"Yes. A tuple can contain numbers, strings, booleans, and other objects.",[373,150619,150621],{"id":150620},"what-is-the-difference-between-a-tuple-and-a-list","What is the difference between a tuple and a list?",[20,150623,150624],{},"A tuple cannot be changed after creation. A list can be changed.",[373,150626,1766,150628,12649],{"id":150627},"what-does-tupleabc-return",[15,150629,150396],{},[20,150631,5080,150632,150635],{},[15,150633,150634],{},"('a', 'b', 'c')"," because the string is treated as an iterable of characters.",[33,150637,1825],{"id":1824},[185,150639,150640,150644,150648,150654,150659,150664,150668],{},[188,150641,150642],{},[360,150643,147736],{"href":147735},[188,150645,150646],{},[360,150647,149409],{"href":149408},[188,150649,150650],{},[360,150651,150653],{"href":150652},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained\u002F","Python tuple slicing explained",[188,150655,150656],{},[360,150657,150658],{"href":148974},"Python tuple length with len()",[188,150660,150661],{},[360,150662,150663],{"href":149039},"What is a tuple in Python?",[188,150665,150666],{},[360,150667,63145],{"href":63144},[188,150669,150670],{},[360,150671,150672],{"href":150177},"When to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[1875,150674,150675],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki 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.shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":65,"depth":65,"links":150677},[150678,150679,150680,150681,150682,150683,150689,150695,150696,150704,150712],{"id":35,"depth":65,"text":36},{"id":15096,"depth":65,"text":15097},{"id":149268,"depth":65,"text":149269},{"id":149412,"depth":65,"text":149413},{"id":149505,"depth":65,"text":149506},{"id":149698,"depth":65,"text":149699,"children":150684},[150685,150686,150687,150688],{"id":3584,"depth":88,"text":56389},{"id":5241,"depth":88,"text":56392},{"id":149790,"depth":88,"text":149791},{"id":149833,"depth":88,"text":149834},{"id":149940,"depth":65,"text":150690,"children":150691},"Create a tuple with tuple()",[150692,150693,150694],{"id":105162,"depth":88,"text":105163},{"id":105348,"depth":88,"text":105349},{"id":150091,"depth":88,"text":150092},{"id":20735,"depth":65,"text":20736},{"id":2774,"depth":65,"text":2775,"children":150697},[150698,150699,150700,150701,150703],{"id":150186,"depth":88,"text":150187},{"id":150266,"depth":88,"text":150267},{"id":150354,"depth":88,"text":150355},{"id":150393,"depth":88,"text":150702},"Confusing tuple(\"abc\") with one string inside a tuple",{"id":150522,"depth":88,"text":150523},{"id":1761,"depth":65,"text":1762,"children":150705},[150706,150707,150708,150709,150710],{"id":150595,"depth":88,"text":150596},{"id":150606,"depth":88,"text":150607},{"id":150613,"depth":88,"text":150614},{"id":150620,"depth":88,"text":150621},{"id":150627,"depth":88,"text":150711},"What does tuple(\"abc\") return?",{"id":1824,"depth":65,"text":1825},"Master python tuple creating a tuple in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple",{"title":149025,"description":150713},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple","SQWI2ojc9mwi8pBVXbAE-y8OnaS1gj7HNiNhaF1JyuA",{"id":150720,"title":150721,"body":150722,"description":152267,"extension":1922,"meta":152268,"navigation":91,"path":152269,"seo":152270,"stem":152271,"__hash__":152272},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained.md","Python tuple() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":150723,"toc":152237},[150724,150727,150732,150734,150747,150753,150755,150822,150824,150859,150864,150868,150872,150874,150885,150893,150895,150897,150918,150920,150940,150943,150945,150950,150993,150995,151017,151020,151033,151037,151041,151044,151097,151099,151120,151125,151129,151132,151177,151179,151212,151224,151228,151236,151273,151275,151304,151308,151311,151364,151366,151386,151393,151397,151402,151471,151473,151498,151502,151505,151511,151588,151590,151649,151651,151663,151668,151672,151676,151690,151692,151727,151729,151746,151749,151762,151766,151770,151781,151786,151801,151804,151807,151809,151812,151816,151818,151832,151834,151858,151863,151867,151870,151889,151892,151941,151946,151963,151966,151999,152003,152005,152056,152059,152084,152087,152110,152114,152120,152122,152157,152160,152165,152167,152171,152174,152178,152183,152187,152190,152194,152197,152201,152206,152208,152234],[10,150725,150721],{"id":150726},"python-tuple-function-explained",[20,150728,9055,150729,150731],{},[15,150730,37981],{}," function creates a tuple in Python.",[20,150733,82513],{},[185,150735,150736,150741],{},[188,150737,150738,150740],{},[15,150739,37981],{}," creates an empty tuple",[188,150742,150743,150746],{},[15,150744,150745],{},"tuple(iterable)"," converts an iterable into a tuple",[20,150748,150749,150750,150752],{},"This is useful when you want a fixed, immutable sequence of values. Beginners often use ",[15,150751,37981],{}," to convert a list, string, range, or other iterable into a tuple.",[33,150754,36],{"id":35},[38,150756,150758],{"className":40,"code":150757,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,150759,150760,150780,150794,150798,150808],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150761,150762,150764,150766,150768,150770,150772,150774,150776,150778],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150763,3554],{"class":53},[47,150765,58],{"class":57},[47,150767,662],{"class":77},[47,150769,665],{"class":61},[47,150771,668],{"class":77},[47,150773,671],{"class":61},[47,150775,668],{"class":77},[47,150777,676],{"class":61},[47,150779,679],{"class":77},[47,150781,150782,150784,150786,150788,150790,150792],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,150783,2184],{"class":53},[47,150785,58],{"class":57},[47,150787,149102],{"class":73},[47,150789,78],{"class":77},[47,150791,3584],{"class":81},[47,150793,85],{"class":77},[47,150795,150796],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,150797,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,150799,150800,150802,150804,150806],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,150801,99],{"class":98},[47,150803,78],{"class":77},[47,150805,2218],{"class":81},[47,150807,85],{"class":77},[47,150809,150810,150812,150814,150816,150818,150820],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,150811,99],{"class":98},[47,150813,78],{"class":77},[47,150815,116],{"class":73},[47,150817,78],{"class":77},[47,150819,2218],{"class":81},[47,150821,123],{"class":77},[20,150823,129],{},[38,150825,150827],{"className":40,"code":150826,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(1, 2, 3)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,150828,150829,150845],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150830,150831,150833,150835,150837,150839,150841,150843],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150832,78],{"class":77},[47,150834,665],{"class":61},[47,150836,668],{"class":77},[47,150838,671],{"class":61},[47,150840,668],{"class":77},[47,150842,676],{"class":61},[47,150844,85],{"class":77},[47,150846,150847,150849,150851,150853,150855,150857],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,150848,144],{"class":57},[47,150850,148],{"class":147},[47,150852,152],{"class":151},[47,150854,48878],{"class":155},[47,150856,159],{"class":151},[47,150858,162],{"class":57},[20,150860,165,150861,150863],{},[15,150862,150745],{}," to convert an iterable like a list, string, or range into a tuple.",[33,150865,150867],{"id":150866},"what-tuple-does","What tuple() does",[20,150869,150870,62853],{},[15,150871,37981],{},[20,150873,48852],{},[185,150875,150876,150879,150882],{},[188,150877,150878],{},"creates a tuple object",[188,150880,150881],{},"can make an empty tuple with no arguments",[188,150883,150884],{},"can convert another iterable into a tuple",[20,150886,150887,150888,150890,150891,914],{},"If you are new to tuples, see ",[360,150889,149040],{"href":149039}," or the full guide to ",[360,150892,147736],{"href":147735},[33,150894,245],{"id":244},[20,150896,26420],{},[38,150898,150900],{"className":40,"code":150899,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"tuple()\ntuple(iterable)\n",[15,150901,150902,150908],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150903,150904,150906],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150905,48878],{"class":73},[47,150907,8574],{"class":77},[47,150909,150910,150912,150914,150916],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,150911,48878],{"class":73},[47,150913,78],{"class":77},[47,150915,3655],{"class":81},[47,150917,85],{"class":77},[20,150919,1515],{},[185,150921,150922,150925],{},[188,150923,150924],{},"The argument must be an iterable",[188,150926,150927,150928],{},"Common iterables include:\n",[185,150929,150930,150932,150934,150936,150938],{},[188,150931,5232],{},[188,150933,5241],{},[188,150935,62924],{},[188,150937,5238],{},[188,150939,7183],{},[20,150941,150942],{},"An iterable is a value Python can go through one item at a time.",[33,150944,149413],{"id":149412},[20,150946,29584,150947,150949],{},[15,150948,37981],{}," with no argument returns an empty tuple.",[38,150951,150953],{"className":40,"code":150952,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"empty = tuple()\n\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,150954,150955,150965,150969,150979],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150956,150957,150959,150961,150963],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150958,124600],{"class":53},[47,150960,58],{"class":57},[47,150962,149102],{"class":73},[47,150964,8574],{"class":77},[47,150966,150967],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,150968,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,150970,150971,150973,150975,150977],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,150972,99],{"class":98},[47,150974,78],{"class":77},[47,150976,124651],{"class":81},[47,150978,85],{"class":77},[47,150980,150981,150983,150985,150987,150989,150991],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,150982,99],{"class":98},[47,150984,78],{"class":77},[47,150986,116],{"class":73},[47,150988,78],{"class":77},[47,150990,124651],{"class":81},[47,150992,123],{"class":77},[20,150994,129],{},[38,150996,150997],{"className":40,"code":149458,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,150998,150999,151003],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151000,151001],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151002,8574],{"class":77},[47,151004,151005,151007,151009,151011,151013,151015],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,151006,144],{"class":57},[47,151008,148],{"class":147},[47,151010,152],{"class":151},[47,151012,48878],{"class":155},[47,151014,159],{"class":151},[47,151016,162],{"class":57},[20,151018,151019],{},"This is equivalent to:",[38,151021,151023],{"className":40,"code":151022,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"empty = ()\n",[15,151024,151025],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151026,151027,151029,151031],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151028,124600],{"class":53},[47,151030,58],{"class":57},[47,151032,149078],{"class":77},[33,151034,151036],{"id":151035},"convert-common-iterables-to-a-tuple","Convert common iterables to a tuple",[373,151038,151040],{"id":151039},"list-to-tuple","List to tuple",[20,151042,151043],{},"A list keeps its item order when converted to a tuple.",[38,151045,151047],{"className":40,"code":151046,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151048,151049,151069,151083,151087],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151050,151051,151053,151055,151057,151059,151061,151063,151065,151067],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151052,3554],{"class":53},[47,151054,58],{"class":57},[47,151056,662],{"class":77},[47,151058,193],{"class":61},[47,151060,668],{"class":77},[47,151062,7722],{"class":61},[47,151064,668],{"class":77},[47,151066,7727],{"class":61},[47,151068,679],{"class":77},[47,151070,151071,151073,151075,151077,151079,151081],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,151072,2184],{"class":53},[47,151074,58],{"class":57},[47,151076,149102],{"class":73},[47,151078,78],{"class":77},[47,151080,3584],{"class":81},[47,151082,85],{"class":77},[47,151084,151085],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,151086,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,151088,151089,151091,151093,151095],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,151090,99],{"class":98},[47,151092,78],{"class":77},[47,151094,2218],{"class":81},[47,151096,85],{"class":77},[20,151098,129],{},[38,151100,151102],{"className":40,"code":151101,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(10, 20, 30)\n",[15,151103,151104],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151105,151106,151108,151110,151112,151114,151116,151118],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151107,78],{"class":77},[47,151109,193],{"class":61},[47,151111,668],{"class":77},[47,151113,7722],{"class":61},[47,151115,668],{"class":77},[47,151117,7727],{"class":61},[47,151119,85],{"class":77},[20,151121,151122,151123,914],{},"If you need a changeable sequence instead, see the ",[360,151124,104968],{"href":59983},[373,151126,151128],{"id":151127},"string-to-tuple","String to tuple",[20,151130,151131],{},"A string is iterable, so each character becomes a separate item.",[38,151133,151135],{"className":40,"code":151134,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"cat\"\nresult = tuple(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151136,151137,151149,151163,151167],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151138,151139,151141,151143,151145,151147],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151140,68],{"class":53},[47,151142,58],{"class":57},[47,151144,303],{"class":151},[47,151146,36981],{"class":155},[47,151148,820],{"class":151},[47,151150,151151,151153,151155,151157,151159,151161],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,151152,2184],{"class":53},[47,151154,58],{"class":57},[47,151156,149102],{"class":73},[47,151158,78],{"class":77},[47,151160,104],{"class":81},[47,151162,85],{"class":77},[47,151164,151165],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,151166,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,151168,151169,151171,151173,151175],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,151170,99],{"class":98},[47,151172,78],{"class":77},[47,151174,2218],{"class":81},[47,151176,85],{"class":77},[20,151178,129],{},[38,151180,151182],{"className":40,"code":151181,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"('c', 'a', 't')\n",[15,151183,151184],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151185,151186,151188,151190,151192,151194,151196,151198,151200,151202,151204,151206,151208,151210],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151187,78],{"class":77},[47,151189,159],{"class":151},[47,151191,9671],{"class":155},[47,151193,159],{"class":151},[47,151195,668],{"class":77},[47,151197,152],{"class":151},[47,151199,360],{"class":155},[47,151201,159],{"class":151},[47,151203,668],{"class":77},[47,151205,152],{"class":151},[47,151207,63214],{"class":155},[47,151209,159],{"class":151},[47,151211,85],{"class":77},[20,151213,151214,151215,13989,151218,151220,151221,914],{},"This often surprises beginners. ",[15,151216,151217],{},"tuple(\"cat\")",[127,151219,768],{}," create ",[15,151222,151223],{},"('cat',)",[373,151225,151227],{"id":151226},"range-to-tuple","Range to tuple",[20,151229,151230,151232,151233,151235],{},[15,151231,36132],{}," produces values one at a time, and ",[15,151234,37981],{}," collects them all.",[38,151237,151239],{"className":40,"code":151238,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"result = tuple(range(5))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151240,151241,151259,151263],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151242,151243,151245,151247,151249,151251,151253,151255,151257],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151244,2184],{"class":53},[47,151246,58],{"class":57},[47,151248,149102],{"class":73},[47,151250,78],{"class":77},[47,151252,59926],{"class":98},[47,151254,78],{"class":77},[47,151256,2094],{"class":61},[47,151258,123],{"class":77},[47,151260,151261],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,151262,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,151264,151265,151267,151269,151271],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,151266,99],{"class":98},[47,151268,78],{"class":77},[47,151270,2218],{"class":81},[47,151272,85],{"class":77},[20,151274,129],{},[38,151276,151278],{"className":40,"code":151277,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(0, 1, 2, 3, 4)\n",[15,151279,151280],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151281,151282,151284,151286,151288,151290,151292,151294,151296,151298,151300,151302],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151283,78],{"class":77},[47,151285,2077],{"class":61},[47,151287,668],{"class":77},[47,151289,5431],{"class":61},[47,151291,668],{"class":77},[47,151293,671],{"class":61},[47,151295,668],{"class":77},[47,151297,676],{"class":61},[47,151299,668],{"class":77},[47,151301,2404],{"class":61},[47,151303,85],{"class":77},[373,151305,151307],{"id":151306},"set-to-tuple","Set to tuple",[20,151309,151310],{},"A set can also be converted to a tuple.",[38,151312,151314],{"className":40,"code":151313,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = {1, 2, 3}\nresult = tuple(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151315,151316,151336,151350,151354],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151317,151318,151320,151322,151324,151326,151328,151330,151332,151334],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151319,3758],{"class":53},[47,151321,58],{"class":57},[47,151323,10423],{"class":77},[47,151325,665],{"class":61},[47,151327,668],{"class":77},[47,151329,671],{"class":61},[47,151331,668],{"class":77},[47,151333,676],{"class":61},[47,151335,9240],{"class":77},[47,151337,151338,151340,151342,151344,151346,151348],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,151339,2184],{"class":53},[47,151341,58],{"class":57},[47,151343,149102],{"class":73},[47,151345,78],{"class":77},[47,151347,5291],{"class":81},[47,151349,85],{"class":77},[47,151351,151352],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,151353,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,151355,151356,151358,151360,151362],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,151357,99],{"class":98},[47,151359,78],{"class":77},[47,151361,2218],{"class":81},[47,151363,85],{"class":77},[20,151365,129],{},[38,151367,151368],{"className":40,"code":149315,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,151369,151370],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151371,151372,151374,151376,151378,151380,151382,151384],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151373,78],{"class":77},[47,151375,665],{"class":61},[47,151377,668],{"class":77},[47,151379,671],{"class":61},[47,151381,668],{"class":77},[47,151383,676],{"class":61},[47,151385,85],{"class":77},[20,151387,151388,151389,914],{},"The order may not be predictable, because sets do not store items in a fixed order. If you want to understand sets better, see the ",[360,151390,151392],{"href":151391},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained\u002F","Python set() function explained",[373,151394,151396],{"id":151395},"dictionary-to-tuple","Dictionary to tuple",[20,151398,63467,151399,151401],{},[15,151400,37981],{},", Python uses the dictionary's keys.",[38,151403,151405],{"className":40,"code":151404,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = tuple(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151406,151407,151443,151457,151461],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151408,151409,151411,151413,151415,151417,151419,151421,151423,151425,151427,151429,151431,151433,151435,151437,151439,151441],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151410,13139],{"class":53},[47,151412,58],{"class":57},[47,151414,10423],{"class":77},[47,151416,309],{"class":151},[47,151418,7601],{"class":155},[47,151420,309],{"class":151},[47,151422,2826],{"class":77},[47,151424,303],{"class":151},[47,151426,12814],{"class":155},[47,151428,309],{"class":151},[47,151430,668],{"class":77},[47,151432,303],{"class":151},[47,151434,82],{"class":155},[47,151436,309],{"class":151},[47,151438,2826],{"class":77},[47,151440,900],{"class":61},[47,151442,9240],{"class":77},[47,151444,151445,151447,151449,151451,151453,151455],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,151446,2184],{"class":53},[47,151448,58],{"class":57},[47,151450,149102],{"class":73},[47,151452,78],{"class":77},[47,151454,17243],{"class":81},[47,151456,85],{"class":77},[47,151458,151459],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,151460,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,151462,151463,151465,151467,151469],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,151464,99],{"class":98},[47,151466,78],{"class":77},[47,151468,2218],{"class":81},[47,151470,85],{"class":77},[20,151472,29964],{},[38,151474,151476],{"className":40,"code":151475,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"('name', 'age')\n",[15,151477,151478],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151479,151480,151482,151484,151486,151488,151490,151492,151494,151496],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151481,78],{"class":77},[47,151483,159],{"class":151},[47,151485,7601],{"class":155},[47,151487,159],{"class":151},[47,151489,668],{"class":77},[47,151491,152],{"class":151},[47,151493,82],{"class":155},[47,151495,159],{"class":151},[47,151497,85],{"class":77},[33,151499,151501],{"id":151500},"what-happens-with-dictionaries","What happens with dictionaries",[20,151503,151504],{},"This is a common beginner surprise.",[20,151506,151507,151510],{},[15,151508,151509],{},"tuple(my_dict)"," returns a tuple of dictionary keys, not key-value pairs.",[38,151512,151514],{"className":40,"code":151513,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(tuple(person))\nprint(tuple(person.items()))\n",[15,151515,151516,151552,151556,151570],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151517,151518,151520,151522,151524,151526,151528,151530,151532,151534,151536,151538,151540,151542,151544,151546,151548,151550],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151519,13139],{"class":53},[47,151521,58],{"class":57},[47,151523,10423],{"class":77},[47,151525,309],{"class":151},[47,151527,7601],{"class":155},[47,151529,309],{"class":151},[47,151531,2826],{"class":77},[47,151533,303],{"class":151},[47,151535,12814],{"class":155},[47,151537,309],{"class":151},[47,151539,668],{"class":77},[47,151541,303],{"class":151},[47,151543,82],{"class":155},[47,151545,309],{"class":151},[47,151547,2826],{"class":77},[47,151549,900],{"class":61},[47,151551,9240],{"class":77},[47,151553,151554],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,151555,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,151557,151558,151560,151562,151564,151566,151568],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,151559,99],{"class":98},[47,151561,78],{"class":77},[47,151563,48878],{"class":73},[47,151565,78],{"class":77},[47,151567,17243],{"class":81},[47,151569,123],{"class":77},[47,151571,151572,151574,151576,151578,151580,151582,151584,151586],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,151573,99],{"class":98},[47,151575,78],{"class":77},[47,151577,48878],{"class":73},[47,151579,78],{"class":77},[47,151581,17243],{"class":81},[47,151583,914],{"class":77},[47,151585,692],{"class":81},[47,151587,6225],{"class":77},[20,151589,129],{},[38,151591,151593],{"className":40,"code":151592,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"('name', 'age')\n(('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25))\n",[15,151594,151595,151615],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151596,151597,151599,151601,151603,151605,151607,151609,151611,151613],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151598,78],{"class":77},[47,151600,159],{"class":151},[47,151602,7601],{"class":155},[47,151604,159],{"class":151},[47,151606,668],{"class":77},[47,151608,152],{"class":151},[47,151610,82],{"class":155},[47,151612,159],{"class":151},[47,151614,85],{"class":77},[47,151616,151617,151619,151621,151623,151625,151627,151629,151631,151633,151635,151637,151639,151641,151643,151645,151647],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,151618,5444],{"class":77},[47,151620,159],{"class":151},[47,151622,7601],{"class":155},[47,151624,159],{"class":151},[47,151626,668],{"class":77},[47,151628,152],{"class":151},[47,151630,12814],{"class":155},[47,151632,159],{"class":151},[47,151634,9166],{"class":77},[47,151636,9169],{"class":77},[47,151638,159],{"class":151},[47,151640,82],{"class":155},[47,151642,159],{"class":151},[47,151644,668],{"class":77},[47,151646,900],{"class":61},[47,151648,123],{"class":77},[20,151650,18630],{},[185,151652,151653,151658],{},[188,151654,151655,151657],{},[15,151656,151509],{}," for keys",[188,151659,151660,32491],{},[15,151661,151662],{},"tuple(my_dict.items())",[20,151664,151665,151666,914],{},"This happens because iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default. You can learn more in the ",[360,151667,63477],{"href":63476},[33,151669,151671],{"id":151670},"when-to-use-tuple","When to use tuple()",[20,151673,151674,18254],{},[15,151675,37981],{},[185,151677,151678,151681,151684,151687],{},[188,151679,151680],{},"you need an immutable sequence",[188,151682,151683],{},"you want to convert a list into a tuple",[188,151685,151686],{},"you want to store a fixed group of values",[188,151688,151689],{},"you have data that should not be changed later",[20,151691,800],{},[38,151693,151695],{"className":40,"code":151694,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"coordinates = tuple([4, 7])\nprint(coordinates)\n",[15,151696,151697,151716],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151698,151699,151702,151704,151706,151708,151710,151712,151714],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151700,151701],{"class":53},"coordinates ",[47,151703,58],{"class":57},[47,151705,149102],{"class":73},[47,151707,2928],{"class":77},[47,151709,2451],{"class":61},[47,151711,668],{"class":77},[47,151713,5928],{"class":61},[47,151715,3825],{"class":77},[47,151717,151718,151720,151722,151725],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,151719,99],{"class":98},[47,151721,78],{"class":77},[47,151723,151724],{"class":81},"coordinates",[47,151726,85],{"class":77},[20,151728,129],{},[38,151730,151732],{"className":40,"code":151731,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(4, 7)\n",[15,151733,151734],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151735,151736,151738,151740,151742,151744],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151737,78],{"class":77},[47,151739,2451],{"class":61},[47,151741,668],{"class":77},[47,151743,5928],{"class":61},[47,151745,85],{"class":77},[20,151747,151748],{},"Tuples are often used for values like:",[185,151750,151751,151753,151756,151759],{},[188,151752,151724],{},[188,151754,151755],{},"RGB colors",[188,151757,151758],{},"dates",[188,151760,151761],{},"settings that should stay fixed",[33,151763,151765],{"id":151764},"when-not-to-use-tuple","When not to use tuple()",[20,151767,44360,151768,10533],{},[15,151769,37981],{},[185,151771,151772,151775,151778],{},[188,151773,151774],{},"you need to add, remove, or update items later",[188,151776,151777],{},"a list would be easier to work with",[188,151779,151780],{},"you are passing a non-iterable value",[20,151782,116393,151783,151785],{},[127,151784,768],{}," work:",[38,151787,151789],{"className":40,"code":151788,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"tuple(5)\n",[15,151790,151791],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151792,151793,151795,151797,151799],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151794,48878],{"class":73},[47,151796,78],{"class":77},[47,151798,2094],{"class":61},[47,151800,85],{"class":77},[20,151802,151803],{},"An integer is not iterable, so Python raises an error.",[20,151805,151806],{},"If you need a flexible sequence, use a list instead of a tuple.",[33,151808,115231],{"id":115230},[20,151810,151811],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into.",[373,151813,151815],{"id":151814},"passing-a-non-iterable-value","Passing a non-iterable value",[20,151817,2782],{},[38,151819,151820],{"className":40,"code":151788,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,151821,151822],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151823,151824,151826,151828,151830],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151825,48878],{"class":73},[47,151827,78],{"class":77},[47,151829,2094],{"class":61},[47,151831,85],{"class":77},[20,151833,29615],{},[38,151835,151836],{"className":40,"code":63581,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,151837,151838],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151839,151840,151842,151844,151846,151848,151850,151852,151854,151856],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151841,2947],{"class":73},[47,151843,2826],{"class":77},[47,151845,152],{"class":151},[47,151847,1050],{"class":155},[47,151849,159],{"class":151},[47,151851,24552],{"class":73},[47,151853,8028],{"class":57},[47,151855,8031],{"class":57},[47,151857,63604],{"class":53},[20,151859,151860,151861,914],{},"If you see this, read ",[360,151862,62218],{"href":52526},[373,151864,151866],{"id":151865},"expecting-one-whole-string-item","Expecting one whole string item",[20,151868,151869],{},"This code:",[38,151871,151873],{"className":40,"code":151872,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"tuple(\"hello\")\n",[15,151874,151875],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151876,151877,151879,151881,151883,151885,151887],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151878,48878],{"class":73},[47,151880,78],{"class":77},[47,151882,309],{"class":151},[47,151884,3781],{"class":155},[47,151886,309],{"class":151},[47,151888,85],{"class":77},[20,151890,151891],{},"returns:",[38,151893,151895],{"className":40,"code":151894,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"('h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o')\n",[15,151896,151897],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151898,151899,151901,151903,151905,151907,151909,151911,151913,151915,151917,151919,151921,151923,151925,151927,151929,151931,151933,151935,151937,151939],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151900,78],{"class":77},[47,151902,159],{"class":151},[47,151904,60366],{"class":155},[47,151906,159],{"class":151},[47,151908,668],{"class":77},[47,151910,152],{"class":151},[47,151912,60375],{"class":155},[47,151914,159],{"class":151},[47,151916,668],{"class":77},[47,151918,152],{"class":151},[47,151920,60384],{"class":155},[47,151922,159],{"class":151},[47,151924,668],{"class":77},[47,151926,152],{"class":151},[47,151928,60384],{"class":155},[47,151930,159],{"class":151},[47,151932,668],{"class":77},[47,151934,152],{"class":151},[47,151936,60401],{"class":155},[47,151938,159],{"class":151},[47,151940,85],{"class":77},[20,151942,40839,151943,151945],{},[127,151944,768],{}," return:",[38,151947,151949],{"className":40,"code":151948,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"('hello',)\n",[15,151950,151951],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151952,151953,151955,151957,151959,151961],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151954,78],{"class":77},[47,151956,159],{"class":151},[47,151958,3781],{"class":155},[47,151960,159],{"class":151},[47,151962,149092],{"class":77},[20,151964,151965],{},"If you want a one-item tuple, write:",[38,151967,151969],{"className":40,"code":151968,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"single = (\"hello\",)\nprint(single)\n",[15,151970,151971,151988],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151972,151973,151976,151978,151980,151982,151984,151986],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151974,151975],{"class":53},"single ",[47,151977,58],{"class":57},[47,151979,9169],{"class":77},[47,151981,309],{"class":151},[47,151983,3781],{"class":155},[47,151985,309],{"class":151},[47,151987,149092],{"class":77},[47,151989,151990,151992,151994,151997],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,151991,99],{"class":98},[47,151993,78],{"class":77},[47,151995,151996],{"class":81},"single",[47,151998,85],{"class":77},[373,152000,152002],{"id":152001},"expecting-dictionary-values-too","Expecting dictionary values too",[20,152004,151869],{},[38,152006,152008],{"className":40,"code":152007,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(tuple(data))\n",[15,152009,152010,152042],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,152011,152012,152014,152016,152018,152020,152022,152024,152026,152028,152030,152032,152034,152036,152038,152040],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152013,9098],{"class":53},[47,152015,58],{"class":57},[47,152017,10423],{"class":77},[47,152019,309],{"class":151},[47,152021,360],{"class":155},[47,152023,309],{"class":151},[47,152025,2826],{"class":77},[47,152027,5431],{"class":61},[47,152029,668],{"class":77},[47,152031,303],{"class":151},[47,152033,4696],{"class":155},[47,152035,309],{"class":151},[47,152037,2826],{"class":77},[47,152039,671],{"class":61},[47,152041,9240],{"class":77},[47,152043,152044,152046,152048,152050,152052,152054],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,152045,99],{"class":98},[47,152047,78],{"class":77},[47,152049,48878],{"class":73},[47,152051,78],{"class":77},[47,152053,9137],{"class":81},[47,152055,123],{"class":77},[20,152057,152058],{},"returns only the keys:",[38,152060,152062],{"className":40,"code":152061,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"('a', 'b')\n",[15,152063,152064],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,152065,152066,152068,152070,152072,152074,152076,152078,152080,152082],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152067,78],{"class":77},[47,152069,159],{"class":151},[47,152071,360],{"class":155},[47,152073,159],{"class":151},[47,152075,668],{"class":77},[47,152077,152],{"class":151},[47,152079,4696],{"class":155},[47,152081,159],{"class":151},[47,152083,85],{"class":77},[20,152085,152086],{},"To get key-value pairs, use:",[38,152088,152090],{"className":40,"code":152089,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(tuple(data.items()))\n",[15,152091,152092],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,152093,152094,152096,152098,152100,152102,152104,152106,152108],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152095,99],{"class":98},[47,152097,78],{"class":77},[47,152099,48878],{"class":73},[47,152101,78],{"class":77},[47,152103,9137],{"class":81},[47,152105,914],{"class":77},[47,152107,692],{"class":81},[47,152109,6225],{"class":77},[373,152111,152113],{"id":152112},"thinking-parentheses-always-convert-to-a-tuple","Thinking parentheses always convert to a tuple",[20,152115,152116,152117,152119],{},"Parentheses can create tuples in many cases, but they do not behave the same as ",[15,152118,37981],{}," conversion.",[20,152121,5405],{},[38,152123,152125],{"className":40,"code":152124,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(value)\n",[15,152126,152127,152147],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,152128,152129,152131,152133,152135,152137,152139,152141,152143,152145],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152130,566],{"class":53},[47,152132,58],{"class":57},[47,152134,9169],{"class":77},[47,152136,665],{"class":61},[47,152138,668],{"class":77},[47,152140,671],{"class":61},[47,152142,668],{"class":77},[47,152144,676],{"class":61},[47,152146,85],{"class":77},[47,152148,152149,152151,152153,152155],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,152150,99],{"class":98},[47,152152,78],{"class":77},[47,152154,585],{"class":81},[47,152156,85],{"class":77},[20,152158,152159],{},"This creates a tuple directly.",[20,152161,25440,152162,152164],{},[15,152163,37981],{}," is specifically used to create an empty tuple or convert an iterable into a tuple.",[33,152166,1762],{"id":1761},[373,152168,152170],{"id":152169},"what-does-tuple-do-in-python","What does tuple() do in Python?",[20,152172,152173],{},"It creates a tuple. With an iterable argument, it converts that iterable into a tuple.",[373,152175,152177],{"id":152176},"what-does-tuple-return-with-no-argument","What does tuple() return with no argument?",[20,152179,152180,152181,914],{},"It returns an empty tuple: ",[15,152182,7298],{},[373,152184,152186],{"id":152185},"can-tuple-convert-a-string","Can tuple() convert a string?",[20,152188,152189],{},"Yes. Each character becomes a separate item in the tuple.",[373,152191,152193],{"id":152192},"why-does-tuplemy_dict-only-return-keys","Why does tuple(my_dict) only return keys?",[20,152195,152196],{},"Iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default.",[373,152198,152200],{"id":152199},"can-i-use-tuple-on-an-integer","Can I use tuple() on an integer?",[20,152202,152203,152204,914],{},"No. An integer is not iterable, so Python raises a ",[15,152205,2947],{},[33,152207,1825],{"id":1824},[185,152209,152210,152214,152218,152222,152226,152230],{},[188,152211,152212],{},[360,152213,147736],{"href":147735},[188,152215,152216],{},[360,152217,150663],{"href":149039},[188,152219,152220],{},[360,152221,104968],{"href":59983},[188,152223,152224],{},[360,152225,151392],{"href":151391},[188,152227,152228],{},[360,152229,63477],{"href":63476},[188,152231,152232],{},[360,152233,62218],{"href":52526},[1875,152235,152236],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":65,"depth":65,"links":152238},[152239,152240,152241,152242,152243,152250,152251,152252,152253,152259,152266],{"id":35,"depth":65,"text":36},{"id":150866,"depth":65,"text":150867},{"id":244,"depth":65,"text":245},{"id":149412,"depth":65,"text":149413},{"id":151035,"depth":65,"text":151036,"children":152244},[152245,152246,152247,152248,152249],{"id":151039,"depth":88,"text":151040},{"id":151127,"depth":88,"text":151128},{"id":151226,"depth":88,"text":151227},{"id":151306,"depth":88,"text":151307},{"id":151395,"depth":88,"text":151396},{"id":151500,"depth":65,"text":151501},{"id":151670,"depth":65,"text":151671},{"id":151764,"depth":65,"text":151765},{"id":115230,"depth":65,"text":115231,"children":152254},[152255,152256,152257,152258],{"id":151814,"depth":88,"text":151815},{"id":151865,"depth":88,"text":151866},{"id":152001,"depth":88,"text":152002},{"id":152112,"depth":88,"text":152113},{"id":1761,"depth":65,"text":1762,"children":152260},[152261,152262,152263,152264,152265],{"id":152169,"depth":88,"text":152170},{"id":152176,"depth":88,"text":152177},{"id":152185,"depth":88,"text":152186},{"id":152192,"depth":88,"text":152193},{"id":152199,"depth":88,"text":152200},{"id":1824,"depth":65,"text":1825},"Master python tuple function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained",{"title":150721,"description":152267},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained","pFeq5hNHdIKuIzk8wtloZhtsgtV1EfCv8EepPUEVHYk",{"id":152274,"title":152275,"body":152276,"description":153689,"extension":1922,"meta":153690,"navigation":91,"path":153691,"seo":153692,"stem":153693,"__hash__":153694},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method.md","Python Tuple index() Method",{"type":7,"value":152277,"toc":153661},[152278,152283,152288,152291,152293,152372,152378,152383,152387,152402,152404,152451,152453,152461,152469,152475,152477,152482,152502,152505,152532,152534,152558,152560,152702,152704,152708,152716,152719,152721,152798,152800,152808,152812,152816,152826,152836,152838,152843,152845,152904,152909,152911,153011,153013,153027,153032,153038,153045,153048,153050,153160,153164,153181,153183,153246,153248,153256,153268,153272,153277,153305,153308,153390,153392,153403,153405,153409,153436,153438,153440,153520,153528,153530,153585,153587,153592,153595,153599,153603,153605,153609,153613,153621,153628,153631,153633,153658],[10,152279,147620,152281,11256],{"id":152280},"python-tuple-index-method",[15,152282,58895],{},[20,152284,152285,152287],{},[15,152286,148941],{}," finds the position of a value inside a tuple.",[20,152289,152290],{},"It is useful when you know the value you want to search for and need its index. This method returns the first matching position and raises an error if the value is not found.",[33,152292,36],{"id":35},[38,152294,152296],{"className":40,"code":152295,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nposition = colors.index(\"blue\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,152297,152298,152338,152360],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,152299,152300,152302,152304,152306,152308,152310,152312,152314,152316,152318,152320,152322,152324,152326,152328,152330,152332,152334,152336],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152301,13010],{"class":53},[47,152303,58],{"class":57},[47,152305,9169],{"class":77},[47,152307,309],{"class":151},[47,152309,13027],{"class":155},[47,152311,309],{"class":151},[47,152313,668],{"class":77},[47,152315,303],{"class":151},[47,152317,13044],{"class":155},[47,152319,309],{"class":151},[47,152321,668],{"class":77},[47,152323,303],{"class":151},[47,152325,17390],{"class":155},[47,152327,309],{"class":151},[47,152329,668],{"class":77},[47,152331,303],{"class":151},[47,152333,13044],{"class":155},[47,152335,309],{"class":151},[47,152337,85],{"class":77},[47,152339,152340,152342,152344,152346,152348,152350,152352,152354,152356,152358],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,152341,64846],{"class":53},[47,152343,58],{"class":57},[47,152345,13058],{"class":53},[47,152347,914],{"class":77},[47,152349,35780],{"class":81},[47,152351,78],{"class":77},[47,152353,309],{"class":151},[47,152355,13044],{"class":155},[47,152357,309],{"class":151},[47,152359,85],{"class":77},[47,152361,152362,152364,152366,152368,152370],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,152363,99],{"class":98},[47,152365,78],{"class":77},[47,152367,64873],{"class":81},[47,152369,862],{"class":77},[47,152371,27713],{"class":1378},[20,152373,152374,152377],{},[15,152375,152376],{},"tuple.index(value)"," returns the position of the first matching item.",[33,152379,172,152381,175],{"id":152380},"what-tupleindex-does",[15,152382,148941],{},[20,152384,1939,152385,11347],{},[15,152386,58895],{},[185,152388,152389,152392,152394,152397],{},[188,152390,152391],{},"Finds the position of a value inside a tuple",[188,152393,128218],{},[188,152395,152396],{},"Works only if the value exists in the tuple",[188,152398,152399,152400],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at index ",[15,152401,2077],{},[20,152403,800],{},[38,152405,152407],{"className":40,"code":152406,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 20)\nprint(numbers.index(20))\n",[15,152408,152409,152433],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,152410,152411,152413,152415,152417,152419,152421,152423,152425,152427,152429,152431],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152412,3554],{"class":53},[47,152414,58],{"class":57},[47,152416,9169],{"class":77},[47,152418,193],{"class":61},[47,152420,668],{"class":77},[47,152422,7722],{"class":61},[47,152424,668],{"class":77},[47,152426,7727],{"class":61},[47,152428,668],{"class":77},[47,152430,7722],{"class":61},[47,152432,85],{"class":77},[47,152434,152435,152437,152439,152441,152443,152445,152447,152449],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,152436,99],{"class":98},[47,152438,78],{"class":77},[47,152440,3584],{"class":81},[47,152442,914],{"class":77},[47,152444,35780],{"class":81},[47,152446,78],{"class":77},[47,152448,15689],{"class":61},[47,152450,123],{"class":77},[20,152452,129],{},[38,152454,152455],{"className":40,"code":46844,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,152456,152457],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,152458,152459],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152460,46844],{"class":61},[20,152462,20913,152463,152465,152466,152468],{},[15,152464,15689],{}," appears twice, ",[15,152467,58895],{}," returns only the first match.",[20,152470,150887,152471,914],{},[360,152472,152474],{"href":152473},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python","what a tuple is in Python",[33,152476,245],{"id":244},[20,152478,1526,152479,152481],{},[15,152480,58895],{}," in two ways:",[38,152483,152485],{"className":40,"code":152484,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"tuple_name.index(value)\n",[15,152486,152487],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,152488,152489,152492,152494,152496,152498,152500],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152490,152491],{"class":53},"tuple_name",[47,152493,914],{"class":77},[47,152495,35780],{"class":81},[47,152497,78],{"class":77},[47,152499,585],{"class":81},[47,152501,85],{"class":77},[20,152503,152504],{},"or:",[38,152506,152508],{"className":40,"code":152507,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"tuple_name.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,152509,152510],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,152511,152512,152514,152516,152518,152520,152522,152524,152526,152528,152530],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152513,152491],{"class":53},[47,152515,914],{"class":77},[47,152517,35780],{"class":81},[47,152519,78],{"class":77},[47,152521,585],{"class":81},[47,152523,668],{"class":77},[47,152525,35985],{"class":81},[47,152527,668],{"class":77},[47,152529,64967],{"class":81},[47,152531,85],{"class":77},[373,152533,17331],{"id":17330},[185,152535,152536,152541,152546,152551],{},[188,152537,152538,152540],{},[15,152539,585],{}," — the item to search for",[188,152542,152543,152545],{},[15,152544,36006],{}," — optional starting position",[188,152547,152548,152550],{},[15,152549,52587],{}," — optional ending position",[188,152552,152553,849,152555,152557],{},[15,152554,52587],{},[127,152556,64996],{}," in the search",[20,152559,800],{},[38,152561,152563],{"className":40,"code":152562,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\")\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # 1\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # 3\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 3))  # 1\n",[15,152564,152565,152613,152617,152642,152670],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,152566,152567,152569,152571,152573,152575,152577,152579,152581,152583,152585,152587,152589,152591,152593,152595,152597,152599,152601,152603,152605,152607,152609,152611],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152568,36024],{"class":53},[47,152570,58],{"class":57},[47,152572,9169],{"class":77},[47,152574,309],{"class":151},[47,152576,360],{"class":155},[47,152578,309],{"class":151},[47,152580,668],{"class":77},[47,152582,303],{"class":151},[47,152584,4696],{"class":155},[47,152586,309],{"class":151},[47,152588,668],{"class":77},[47,152590,303],{"class":151},[47,152592,9671],{"class":155},[47,152594,309],{"class":151},[47,152596,668],{"class":77},[47,152598,303],{"class":151},[47,152600,4696],{"class":155},[47,152602,309],{"class":151},[47,152604,668],{"class":77},[47,152606,303],{"class":151},[47,152608,18703],{"class":155},[47,152610,309],{"class":151},[47,152612,85],{"class":77},[47,152614,152615],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,152616,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,152618,152619,152621,152623,152625,152627,152629,152631,152633,152635,152637,152639],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,152620,99],{"class":98},[47,152622,78],{"class":77},[47,152624,36077],{"class":81},[47,152626,914],{"class":77},[47,152628,35780],{"class":81},[47,152630,78],{"class":77},[47,152632,309],{"class":151},[47,152634,4696],{"class":155},[47,152636,309],{"class":151},[47,152638,5294],{"class":77},[47,152640,152641],{"class":1378},"        # 1\n",[47,152643,152644,152646,152648,152650,152652,152654,152656,152658,152660,152662,152664,152666,152668],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,152645,99],{"class":98},[47,152647,78],{"class":77},[47,152649,36077],{"class":81},[47,152651,914],{"class":77},[47,152653,35780],{"class":81},[47,152655,78],{"class":77},[47,152657,309],{"class":151},[47,152659,4696],{"class":155},[47,152661,309],{"class":151},[47,152663,668],{"class":77},[47,152665,671],{"class":61},[47,152667,5294],{"class":77},[47,152669,50844],{"class":1378},[47,152671,152672,152674,152676,152678,152680,152682,152684,152686,152688,152690,152692,152694,152696,152698,152700],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,152673,99],{"class":98},[47,152675,78],{"class":77},[47,152677,36077],{"class":81},[47,152679,914],{"class":77},[47,152681,35780],{"class":81},[47,152683,78],{"class":77},[47,152685,309],{"class":151},[47,152687,4696],{"class":155},[47,152689,309],{"class":151},[47,152691,668],{"class":77},[47,152693,5431],{"class":61},[47,152695,668],{"class":77},[47,152697,676],{"class":61},[47,152699,5294],{"class":77},[47,152701,27713],{"class":1378},[33,152703,103295],{"id":103294},[20,152705,152706,25443],{},[15,152707,148941],{},[185,152709,152710,152713],{},[188,152711,152712],{},"An integer",[188,152714,152715],{},"The position of the first matching item",[20,152717,152718],{},"If the value appears more than once, later matches are ignored.",[20,152720,800],{},[38,152722,152724],{"className":40,"code":152723,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"animals = (\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\", \"dog\")\nresult = animals.index(\"dog\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,152725,152726,152766,152788],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,152727,152728,152730,152732,152734,152736,152738,152740,152742,152744,152746,152748,152750,152752,152754,152756,152758,152760,152762,152764],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152729,108394],{"class":53},[47,152731,58],{"class":57},[47,152733,9169],{"class":77},[47,152735,309],{"class":151},[47,152737,36981],{"class":155},[47,152739,309],{"class":151},[47,152741,668],{"class":77},[47,152743,303],{"class":151},[47,152745,58054],{"class":155},[47,152747,309],{"class":151},[47,152749,668],{"class":77},[47,152751,303],{"class":151},[47,152753,58071],{"class":155},[47,152755,309],{"class":151},[47,152757,668],{"class":77},[47,152759,303],{"class":151},[47,152761,58054],{"class":155},[47,152763,309],{"class":151},[47,152765,85],{"class":77},[47,152767,152768,152770,152772,152774,152776,152778,152780,152782,152784,152786],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,152769,2184],{"class":53},[47,152771,58],{"class":57},[47,152773,108437],{"class":53},[47,152775,914],{"class":77},[47,152777,35780],{"class":81},[47,152779,78],{"class":77},[47,152781,309],{"class":151},[47,152783,58054],{"class":155},[47,152785,309],{"class":151},[47,152787,85],{"class":77},[47,152789,152790,152792,152794,152796],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,152791,99],{"class":98},[47,152793,78],{"class":77},[47,152795,2218],{"class":81},[47,152797,85],{"class":77},[20,152799,129],{},[38,152801,152802],{"className":40,"code":46844,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,152803,152804],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,152805,152806],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152807,46844],{"class":61},[33,152809,152811],{"id":152810},"when-to-use-it","When to use it",[20,152813,165,152814,10533],{},[15,152815,148941],{},[185,152817,152818,152820,152823],{},[188,152819,66025],{},[188,152821,152822],{},"You want to find where an item first appears",[188,152824,152825],{},"You are working with a small fixed collection stored as a tuple",[20,152827,152828,152829,152832,152833,914],{},"If you already know the position, use normal tuple indexing instead, such as ",[15,152830,152831],{},"my_tuple[0]",". For a full explanation, see ",[360,152834,149409],{"href":152835},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained",[33,152837,65557],{"id":65556},[20,152839,152840,152841,914],{},"If the value is not in the tuple, Python raises a ",[15,152842,40637],{},[20,152844,800],{},[38,152846,152848],{"className":40,"code":152847,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\n",[15,152849,152850,152882],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,152851,152852,152854,152856,152858,152860,152862,152864,152866,152868,152870,152872,152874,152876,152878,152880],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152853,13010],{"class":53},[47,152855,58],{"class":57},[47,152857,9169],{"class":77},[47,152859,309],{"class":151},[47,152861,13027],{"class":155},[47,152863,309],{"class":151},[47,152865,668],{"class":77},[47,152867,303],{"class":151},[47,152869,13044],{"class":155},[47,152871,309],{"class":151},[47,152873,668],{"class":77},[47,152875,303],{"class":151},[47,152877,17390],{"class":155},[47,152879,309],{"class":151},[47,152881,85],{"class":77},[47,152883,152884,152886,152888,152890,152892,152894,152896,152898,152900,152902],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,152885,99],{"class":98},[47,152887,78],{"class":77},[47,152889,17437],{"class":81},[47,152891,914],{"class":77},[47,152893,35780],{"class":81},[47,152895,78],{"class":77},[47,152897,309],{"class":151},[47,152899,22458],{"class":155},[47,152901,309],{"class":151},[47,152903,123],{"class":77},[20,152905,39589,152906,152908],{},[15,152907,109719],{}," is not in the tuple.",[20,152910,65632],{},[38,152912,152914],{"className":40,"code":152913,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\n\nif \"yellow\" in colors:\n    print(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,152915,152916,152948,152952,152968,152990,152996],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,152917,152918,152920,152922,152924,152926,152928,152930,152932,152934,152936,152938,152940,152942,152944,152946],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152919,13010],{"class":53},[47,152921,58],{"class":57},[47,152923,9169],{"class":77},[47,152925,309],{"class":151},[47,152927,13027],{"class":155},[47,152929,309],{"class":151},[47,152931,668],{"class":77},[47,152933,303],{"class":151},[47,152935,13044],{"class":155},[47,152937,309],{"class":151},[47,152939,668],{"class":77},[47,152941,303],{"class":151},[47,152943,17390],{"class":155},[47,152945,309],{"class":151},[47,152947,85],{"class":77},[47,152949,152950],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,152951,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,152953,152954,152956,152958,152960,152962,152964,152966],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,152955,6930],{"class":3812},[47,152957,303],{"class":151},[47,152959,22458],{"class":155},[47,152961,309],{"class":151},[47,152963,21109],{"class":57},[47,152965,13058],{"class":53},[47,152967,6329],{"class":77},[47,152969,152970,152972,152974,152976,152978,152980,152982,152984,152986,152988],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,152971,8000],{"class":98},[47,152973,78],{"class":77},[47,152975,17437],{"class":81},[47,152977,914],{"class":77},[47,152979,35780],{"class":81},[47,152981,78],{"class":77},[47,152983,309],{"class":151},[47,152985,22458],{"class":155},[47,152987,309],{"class":151},[47,152989,123],{"class":77},[47,152991,152992,152994],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,152993,27367],{"class":3812},[47,152995,6329],{"class":77},[47,152997,152998,153000,153002,153004,153007,153009],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,152999,8000],{"class":98},[47,153001,78],{"class":77},[47,153003,309],{"class":151},[47,153005,153006],{"class":155},"Value not found",[47,153008,309],{"class":151},[47,153010,85],{"class":77},[20,153012,129],{},[38,153014,153016],{"className":40,"code":153015,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Value not found\n",[15,153017,153018],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,153019,153020,153023,153025],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,153021,153022],{"class":53},"Value ",[47,153024,768],{"class":57},[47,153026,65756],{"class":53},[20,153028,153029,153030,914],{},"If you want to learn more about this kind of error, see ",[360,153031,65766],{"href":65765},[33,153033,1335,153034,4329,153036],{"id":65333},[15,153035,36006],{},[15,153037,52587],{},[20,153039,1939,153040,4329,153042,153044],{},[15,153041,36006],{},[15,153043,52587],{}," arguments let you search only part of a tuple.",[20,153046,153047],{},"This is helpful when the same value appears multiple times.",[20,153049,800],{},[38,153051,153053],{"className":40,"code":153052,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5))        # 0\nprint(values.index(5, 1))     # 2\nprint(values.index(5, 3, 5))  # 4\n",[15,153054,153055,153083,153087,153108,153132],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,153056,153057,153059,153061,153063,153065,153067,153069,153071,153073,153075,153077,153079,153081],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,153058,3758],{"class":53},[47,153060,58],{"class":57},[47,153062,9169],{"class":77},[47,153064,2094],{"class":61},[47,153066,668],{"class":77},[47,153068,5939],{"class":61},[47,153070,668],{"class":77},[47,153072,4540],{"class":61},[47,153074,668],{"class":77},[47,153076,7722],{"class":61},[47,153078,668],{"class":77},[47,153080,4540],{"class":61},[47,153082,85],{"class":77},[47,153084,153085],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,153086,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,153088,153089,153091,153093,153095,153097,153099,153101,153103,153105],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,153090,99],{"class":98},[47,153092,78],{"class":77},[47,153094,5291],{"class":81},[47,153096,914],{"class":77},[47,153098,35780],{"class":81},[47,153100,78],{"class":77},[47,153102,2094],{"class":61},[47,153104,5294],{"class":77},[47,153106,153107],{"class":1378},"        # 0\n",[47,153109,153110,153112,153114,153116,153118,153120,153122,153124,153126,153128,153130],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,153111,99],{"class":98},[47,153113,78],{"class":77},[47,153115,5291],{"class":81},[47,153117,914],{"class":77},[47,153119,35780],{"class":81},[47,153121,78],{"class":77},[47,153123,2094],{"class":61},[47,153125,668],{"class":77},[47,153127,5431],{"class":61},[47,153129,5294],{"class":77},[47,153131,50878],{"class":1378},[47,153133,153134,153136,153138,153140,153142,153144,153146,153148,153150,153152,153154,153156,153158],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,153135,99],{"class":98},[47,153137,78],{"class":77},[47,153139,5291],{"class":81},[47,153141,914],{"class":77},[47,153143,35780],{"class":81},[47,153145,78],{"class":77},[47,153147,2094],{"class":61},[47,153149,668],{"class":77},[47,153151,676],{"class":61},[47,153153,668],{"class":77},[47,153155,4540],{"class":61},[47,153157,5294],{"class":77},[47,153159,50861],{"class":1378},[373,153161,153163],{"id":153162},"how-it-works","How it works",[185,153165,153166,153171,153176],{},[188,153167,153168,153170],{},[15,153169,36006],{}," tells Python where to begin searching",[188,153172,153173,153175],{},[15,153174,52587],{}," tells Python where to stop searching",[188,153177,1939,153178,153180],{},[15,153179,52587],{}," position itself is not included",[20,153182,800],{},[38,153184,153186],{"className":40,"code":153185,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5, 1, 4))\n",[15,153187,153188,153216,153220],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,153189,153190,153192,153194,153196,153198,153200,153202,153204,153206,153208,153210,153212,153214],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,153191,3758],{"class":53},[47,153193,58],{"class":57},[47,153195,9169],{"class":77},[47,153197,2094],{"class":61},[47,153199,668],{"class":77},[47,153201,5939],{"class":61},[47,153203,668],{"class":77},[47,153205,4540],{"class":61},[47,153207,668],{"class":77},[47,153209,7722],{"class":61},[47,153211,668],{"class":77},[47,153213,4540],{"class":61},[47,153215,85],{"class":77},[47,153217,153218],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,153219,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,153221,153222,153224,153226,153228,153230,153232,153234,153236,153238,153240,153242,153244],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,153223,99],{"class":98},[47,153225,78],{"class":77},[47,153227,5291],{"class":81},[47,153229,914],{"class":77},[47,153231,35780],{"class":81},[47,153233,78],{"class":77},[47,153235,2094],{"class":61},[47,153237,668],{"class":77},[47,153239,5431],{"class":61},[47,153241,668],{"class":77},[47,153243,2404],{"class":61},[47,153245,123],{"class":77},[20,153247,129],{},[38,153249,153250],{"className":40,"code":16992,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,153251,153252],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,153253,153254],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,153255,16992],{"class":61},[20,153257,153258,153259,1752,153261,17008,153263,153265,153266,914],{},"Python searches positions ",[15,153260,665],{},[15,153262,2016],{},[15,153264,2021],{},", but not ",[15,153267,2451],{},[33,153269,153271],{"id":153270},"beginner-tips","Beginner tips",[20,153273,153274,153275,2826],{},"Keep these points in mind when using ",[15,153276,148941],{},[185,153278,153279,153287,153292,153299],{},[188,153280,153281,153282,153284,153285],{},"Do not confuse the ",[127,153283,585],{}," with the ",[127,153286,35780],{},[188,153288,153289,153290],{},"Remember that indexing starts at ",[15,153291,2077],{},[188,153293,165,153294,153298],{},[360,153295,148967,153296,10673],{"href":149019},[15,153297,57217],{}," if you need to know how many times a value appears",[188,153300,153301,153302,153304],{},"Use normal indexing like ",[15,153303,152831],{}," when you already know the position",[20,153306,153307],{},"Example of value vs index:",[38,153309,153311],{"className":40,"code":153310,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits.index(\"banana\"))  # 1\nprint(fruits[1])               # banana\n",[15,153312,153313,153345,153349,153373],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,153314,153315,153317,153319,153321,153323,153325,153327,153329,153331,153333,153335,153337,153339,153341,153343],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,153316,36173],{"class":53},[47,153318,58],{"class":57},[47,153320,9169],{"class":77},[47,153322,309],{"class":151},[47,153324,1425],{"class":155},[47,153326,309],{"class":151},[47,153328,668],{"class":77},[47,153330,303],{"class":151},[47,153332,1434],{"class":155},[47,153334,309],{"class":151},[47,153336,668],{"class":77},[47,153338,303],{"class":151},[47,153340,1443],{"class":155},[47,153342,309],{"class":151},[47,153344,85],{"class":77},[47,153346,153347],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,153348,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,153350,153351,153353,153355,153357,153359,153361,153363,153365,153367,153369,153371],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,153352,99],{"class":98},[47,153354,78],{"class":77},[47,153356,36225],{"class":81},[47,153358,914],{"class":77},[47,153360,35780],{"class":81},[47,153362,78],{"class":77},[47,153364,309],{"class":151},[47,153366,1434],{"class":155},[47,153368,309],{"class":151},[47,153370,5294],{"class":77},[47,153372,27713],{"class":1378},[47,153374,153375,153377,153379,153381,153383,153385,153387],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,153376,99],{"class":98},[47,153378,78],{"class":77},[47,153380,36225],{"class":81},[47,153382,736],{"class":77},[47,153384,665],{"class":61},[47,153386,20382],{"class":77},[47,153388,153389],{"class":1378},"               # banana\n",[20,153391,2136],{},[185,153393,153394,153398],{},[188,153395,153396,15181],{},[15,153397,65201],{},[188,153399,153400,153402],{},[15,153401,665],{}," is the index",[33,153404,2775],{"id":2774},[20,153406,106033,153407,2826],{},[15,153408,148941],{},[185,153410,153411,153414,153419,153424,153431],{},[188,153412,153413],{},"Searching for a value that is not inside the tuple",[188,153415,1400,153416,153418],{},[15,153417,58895],{}," to return all matching positions",[188,153420,153421,153422],{},"Forgetting that the first item is at index ",[15,153423,2077],{},[188,153425,153426,153427,4329,153429],{},"Using the wrong search range with ",[15,153428,36006],{},[15,153430,52587],{},[188,153432,37138,153433,153435],{},[15,153434,148941],{}," with similar methods on strings or lists",[373,153437,60638],{"id":60637},[20,153439,94296],{},[38,153441,153443],{"className":40,"code":153442,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(value in my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple.count(value))\nprint(my_tuple.index(value))\n",[15,153444,153445,153455,153469,153484,153502],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,153446,153447,153449,153451,153453],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,153448,99],{"class":98},[47,153450,78],{"class":77},[47,153452,147754],{"class":81},[47,153454,85],{"class":77},[47,153456,153457,153459,153461,153463,153465,153467],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,153458,99],{"class":98},[47,153460,78],{"class":77},[47,153462,11095],{"class":98},[47,153464,78],{"class":77},[47,153466,147754],{"class":81},[47,153468,123],{"class":77},[47,153470,153471,153473,153475,153477,153479,153482],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,153472,99],{"class":98},[47,153474,78],{"class":77},[47,153476,566],{"class":81},[47,153478,3819],{"class":3812},[47,153480,153481],{"class":81}," my_tuple",[47,153483,85],{"class":77},[47,153485,153486,153488,153490,153492,153494,153496,153498,153500],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,153487,99],{"class":98},[47,153489,78],{"class":77},[47,153491,147754],{"class":81},[47,153493,914],{"class":77},[47,153495,41193],{"class":81},[47,153497,78],{"class":77},[47,153499,585],{"class":81},[47,153501,123],{"class":77},[47,153503,153504,153506,153508,153510,153512,153514,153516,153518],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,153505,99],{"class":98},[47,153507,78],{"class":77},[47,153509,147754],{"class":81},[47,153511,914],{"class":77},[47,153513,35780],{"class":81},[47,153515,78],{"class":77},[47,153517,585],{"class":81},[47,153519,123],{"class":77},[20,153521,153522,153523,84321,153525,153527],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will raise a ",[15,153524,40637],{},[15,153526,585],{}," is missing.",[20,153529,129371],{},[38,153531,153533],{"className":40,"code":153532,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"if value in my_tuple:\n    print(my_tuple.index(value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,153534,153535,153547,153565,153571],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,153536,153537,153539,153541,153543,153545],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,153538,6930],{"class":3812},[47,153540,21520],{"class":53},[47,153542,3819],{"class":57},[47,153544,153481],{"class":53},[47,153546,6329],{"class":77},[47,153548,153549,153551,153553,153555,153557,153559,153561,153563],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,153550,8000],{"class":98},[47,153552,78],{"class":77},[47,153554,147754],{"class":81},[47,153556,914],{"class":77},[47,153558,35780],{"class":81},[47,153560,78],{"class":77},[47,153562,585],{"class":81},[47,153564,123],{"class":77},[47,153566,153567,153569],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,153568,27367],{"class":3812},[47,153570,6329],{"class":77},[47,153572,153573,153575,153577,153579,153581,153583],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,153574,8000],{"class":98},[47,153576,78],{"class":77},[47,153578,309],{"class":151},[47,153580,153006],{"class":155},[47,153582,309],{"class":151},[47,153584,85],{"class":77},[33,153586,1762],{"id":1761},[373,153588,1766,153590,12649],{"id":153589},"what-does-tupleindex-return",[15,153591,148941],{},[20,153593,153594],{},"It returns the index of the first matching value in the tuple.",[373,153596,153598],{"id":153597},"what-if-the-value-appears-more-than-once","What if the value appears more than once?",[20,153600,153601,152468],{},[15,153602,148941],{},[373,153604,148920],{"id":148919},[20,153606,76782,153607,914],{},[15,153608,40637],{},[373,153610,153612],{"id":153611},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-tuple","Can I search only part of a tuple?",[20,153614,153615,153616,4329,153618,153620],{},"Yes. You can use ",[15,153617,36006],{},[15,153619,52587],{}," arguments to limit the search.",[373,153622,1806,153624,1809,153626,1812],{"id":153623},"is-tupleindex-the-same-as-listindex",[15,153625,148941],{},[15,153627,64792],{},[20,153629,153630],{},"They work in a very similar way, but one is for tuples and the other is for lists.",[33,153632,1825],{"id":1824},[185,153634,153635,153641,153645,153650,153654],{},[188,153636,153637],{},[360,153638,148967,153639,10673],{"href":149019},[15,153640,57217],{},[188,153642,153643],{},[360,153644,149409],{"href":152835},[188,153646,153647],{},[360,153648,153649],{"href":150715},"Creating a tuple in Python",[188,153651,153652],{},[360,153653,65766],{"href":65765},[188,153655,153656],{},[360,153657,150663],{"href":152473},[1875,153659,153660],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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does",{"id":244,"depth":65,"text":245,"children":153667},[153668],{"id":17330,"depth":88,"text":17331},{"id":103294,"depth":65,"text":103295},{"id":152810,"depth":65,"text":152811},{"id":65556,"depth":65,"text":65557},{"id":65333,"depth":65,"text":66116,"children":153673},[153674],{"id":153162,"depth":88,"text":153163},{"id":153270,"depth":65,"text":153271},{"id":2774,"depth":65,"text":2775,"children":153677},[153678],{"id":60637,"depth":88,"text":60638},{"id":1761,"depth":65,"text":1762,"children":153680},[153681,153683,153684,153685,153686],{"id":153589,"depth":88,"text":153682},"What does tuple.index() return?",{"id":153597,"depth":88,"text":153598},{"id":148919,"depth":88,"text":148920},{"id":153611,"depth":88,"text":153612},{"id":153623,"depth":88,"text":153687},"Is tuple.index() the same as list.index()?",{"id":1824,"depth":65,"text":1825},"Master python tuple index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method",{"title":152275,"description":153689},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method","hFeA-En5My_vANu8tP2TUrxcbB-PyXux8kIT29TBrmo",{"id":153696,"title":153697,"body":153698,"description":155093,"extension":1922,"meta":155094,"navigation":91,"path":152835,"seo":155095,"stem":155096,"__hash__":155097},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained.md","Python Tuple Indexing Explained",{"type":7,"value":153699,"toc":155075},[153700,153703,153706,153709,153723,153725,153728,153822,153832,153838,153842,153845,153848,153850,153868,153870,153941,153943,153960,153964,153968,153971,153988,153991,154006,154008,154099,154102,154106,154109,154126,154128,154223,154226,154229,154233,154236,154330,154332,154351,154354,154358,154361,154363,154418,154420,154455,154458,154472,154480,154573,154582,154586,154589,154596,154599,154646,154648,154656,154659,154710,154712,154729,154734,154738,154741,154744,154746,154797,154800,154855,154858,154861,154863,154866,154886,154888,154961,154964,154977,154979,154983,154988,154992,154997,155014,155018,155021,155038,155042,155045,155047,155072],[10,153701,153697],{"id":153702},"python-tuple-indexing-explained",[20,153704,153705],{},"Tuple indexing is how you access one item in a tuple by its position.",[20,153707,153708],{},"Use this when you want to read a specific value from a tuple. On this page, the focus is on:",[185,153710,153711,153714,153717,153720],{},[188,153712,153713],{},"positive indexes",[188,153715,153716],{},"negative indexes",[188,153718,153719],{},"common indexing mistakes",[188,153721,153722],{},"what happens when an index does not exist",[33,153724,3544],{"id":3543},[20,153726,153727],{},"Use square brackets with a number after the tuple name.",[38,153729,153731],{"className":40,"code":153730,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n\nprint(colors[0])   # red\nprint(colors[1])   # green\nprint(colors[-1])  # blue\n",[15,153732,153733,153765,153769,153786,153803],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,153734,153735,153737,153739,153741,153743,153745,153747,153749,153751,153753,153755,153757,153759,153761,153763],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,153736,13010],{"class":53},[47,153738,58],{"class":57},[47,153740,9169],{"class":77},[47,153742,309],{"class":151},[47,153744,13027],{"class":155},[47,153746,309],{"class":151},[47,153748,668],{"class":77},[47,153750,303],{"class":151},[47,153752,17390],{"class":155},[47,153754,309],{"class":151},[47,153756,668],{"class":77},[47,153758,303],{"class":151},[47,153760,13044],{"class":155},[47,153762,309],{"class":151},[47,153764,85],{"class":77},[47,153766,153767],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,153768,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,153770,153771,153773,153775,153777,153779,153781,153783],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,153772,99],{"class":98},[47,153774,78],{"class":77},[47,153776,17437],{"class":81},[47,153778,736],{"class":77},[47,153780,2077],{"class":61},[47,153782,20382],{"class":77},[47,153784,153785],{"class":1378},"   # red\n",[47,153787,153788,153790,153792,153794,153796,153798,153800],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,153789,99],{"class":98},[47,153791,78],{"class":77},[47,153793,17437],{"class":81},[47,153795,736],{"class":77},[47,153797,665],{"class":61},[47,153799,20382],{"class":77},[47,153801,153802],{"class":1378},"   # green\n",[47,153804,153805,153807,153809,153811,153813,153815,153817,153819],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,153806,99],{"class":98},[47,153808,78],{"class":77},[47,153810,17437],{"class":81},[47,153812,736],{"class":77},[47,153814,1981],{"class":57},[47,153816,665],{"class":61},[47,153818,20382],{"class":77},[47,153820,153821],{"class":1378},"  # blue\n",[185,153823,153824,153829],{},[188,153825,132160,153826,153828],{},[15,153827,2077],{}," is the first item.",[188,153830,153831],{},"Negative indexes count from the end.",[20,153833,153834,153835,914],{},"If you need help creating tuples first, see ",[360,153836,153837],{"href":147739},"how to create a tuple in Python",[33,153839,153841],{"id":153840},"what-tuple-indexing-means","What tuple indexing means",[20,153843,153844],{},"An index is the position of an item in a tuple.",[20,153846,153847],{},"Tuple indexing works because tuples are ordered. That means each item has a fixed position.",[20,153849,1515],{},[185,153851,153852,153855,153862,153865],{},[188,153853,153854],{},"An index tells Python which item you want",[188,153856,153857,153858,18899,153860],{},"Python starts counting at ",[15,153859,2077],{},[15,153861,665],{},[188,153863,153864],{},"Indexing reads one item at a time",[188,153866,153867],{},"The tuple itself does not change when you read from it",[20,153869,800],{},[38,153871,153873],{"className":40,"code":153872,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[0])\nprint(numbers[1])\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,153874,153875,153895,153899,153913,153927],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,153876,153877,153879,153881,153883,153885,153887,153889,153891,153893],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,153878,3554],{"class":53},[47,153880,58],{"class":57},[47,153882,9169],{"class":77},[47,153884,193],{"class":61},[47,153886,668],{"class":77},[47,153888,7722],{"class":61},[47,153890,668],{"class":77},[47,153892,7727],{"class":61},[47,153894,85],{"class":77},[47,153896,153897],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,153898,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,153900,153901,153903,153905,153907,153909,153911],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,153902,99],{"class":98},[47,153904,78],{"class":77},[47,153906,3584],{"class":81},[47,153908,736],{"class":77},[47,153910,2077],{"class":61},[47,153912,3825],{"class":77},[47,153914,153915,153917,153919,153921,153923,153925],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,153916,99],{"class":98},[47,153918,78],{"class":77},[47,153920,3584],{"class":81},[47,153922,736],{"class":77},[47,153924,665],{"class":61},[47,153926,3825],{"class":77},[47,153928,153929,153931,153933,153935,153937,153939],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,153930,99],{"class":98},[47,153932,78],{"class":77},[47,153934,3584],{"class":81},[47,153936,736],{"class":77},[47,153938,2016],{"class":61},[47,153940,3825],{"class":77},[20,153942,129],{},[38,153944,153946],{"className":40,"code":153945,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"10\n20\n30\n",[15,153947,153948,153952,153956],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,153949,153950],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,153951,448],{"class":61},[47,153953,153954],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,153955,71151],{"class":61},[47,153957,153958],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,153959,69767],{"class":61},[20,153961,59320,153962,914],{},[360,153963,147736],{"href":147735},[33,153965,153967],{"id":153966},"how-positive-indexes-work","How positive indexes work",[20,153969,153970],{},"Positive indexes count from the beginning of the tuple.",[185,153972,153973,153978,153983],{},[188,153974,153975,153977],{},[15,153976,2077],{}," = first item",[188,153979,153980,153982],{},[15,153981,665],{}," = second item",[188,153984,153985,153987],{},[15,153986,2016],{}," = third item",[20,153989,153990],{},"Pattern:",[38,153992,153994],{"className":40,"code":153993,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"tuple_name[index]\n",[15,153995,153996],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,153997,153998,154000,154002,154004],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,153999,152491],{"class":53},[47,154001,736],{"class":77},[47,154003,35780],{"class":53},[47,154005,679],{"class":77},[20,154007,800],{},[38,154009,154011],{"className":40,"code":154010,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[0])  # apple\nprint(fruits[1])  # banana\nprint(fruits[2])  # cherry\n",[15,154012,154013,154045,154049,154066,154082],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,154014,154015,154017,154019,154021,154023,154025,154027,154029,154031,154033,154035,154037,154039,154041,154043],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,154016,36173],{"class":53},[47,154018,58],{"class":57},[47,154020,9169],{"class":77},[47,154022,309],{"class":151},[47,154024,1425],{"class":155},[47,154026,309],{"class":151},[47,154028,668],{"class":77},[47,154030,303],{"class":151},[47,154032,1434],{"class":155},[47,154034,309],{"class":151},[47,154036,668],{"class":77},[47,154038,303],{"class":151},[47,154040,4031],{"class":155},[47,154042,309],{"class":151},[47,154044,85],{"class":77},[47,154046,154047],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,154048,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,154050,154051,154053,154055,154057,154059,154061,154063],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,154052,99],{"class":98},[47,154054,78],{"class":77},[47,154056,36225],{"class":81},[47,154058,736],{"class":77},[47,154060,2077],{"class":61},[47,154062,20382],{"class":77},[47,154064,154065],{"class":1378},"  # apple\n",[47,154067,154068,154070,154072,154074,154076,154078,154080],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,154069,99],{"class":98},[47,154071,78],{"class":77},[47,154073,36225],{"class":81},[47,154075,736],{"class":77},[47,154077,665],{"class":61},[47,154079,20382],{"class":77},[47,154081,51412],{"class":1378},[47,154083,154084,154086,154088,154090,154092,154094,154096],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,154085,99],{"class":98},[47,154087,78],{"class":77},[47,154089,36225],{"class":81},[47,154091,736],{"class":77},[47,154093,2016],{"class":61},[47,154095,20382],{"class":77},[47,154097,154098],{"class":1378},"  # cherry\n",[20,154100,154101],{},"This is the most common way to access tuple items when you know the position from the start.",[33,154103,154105],{"id":154104},"how-negative-indexes-work","How negative indexes work",[20,154107,154108],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the tuple.",[185,154110,154111,154116,154121],{},[188,154112,154113,154115],{},[15,154114,65781],{}," = last item",[188,154117,154118,154120],{},[15,154119,95325],{}," = second-to-last item",[188,154122,154123,154125],{},[15,154124,47598],{}," = third-to-last item",[20,154127,800],{},[38,154129,154131],{"className":40,"code":154130,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[-1])  # cherry\nprint(fruits[-2])  # banana\nprint(fruits[-3])  # apple\n",[15,154132,154133,154165,154169,154187,154205],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,154134,154135,154137,154139,154141,154143,154145,154147,154149,154151,154153,154155,154157,154159,154161,154163],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,154136,36173],{"class":53},[47,154138,58],{"class":57},[47,154140,9169],{"class":77},[47,154142,309],{"class":151},[47,154144,1425],{"class":155},[47,154146,309],{"class":151},[47,154148,668],{"class":77},[47,154150,303],{"class":151},[47,154152,1434],{"class":155},[47,154154,309],{"class":151},[47,154156,668],{"class":77},[47,154158,303],{"class":151},[47,154160,4031],{"class":155},[47,154162,309],{"class":151},[47,154164,85],{"class":77},[47,154166,154167],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,154168,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,154170,154171,154173,154175,154177,154179,154181,154183,154185],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,154172,99],{"class":98},[47,154174,78],{"class":77},[47,154176,36225],{"class":81},[47,154178,736],{"class":77},[47,154180,1981],{"class":57},[47,154182,665],{"class":61},[47,154184,20382],{"class":77},[47,154186,154098],{"class":1378},[47,154188,154189,154191,154193,154195,154197,154199,154201,154203],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,154190,99],{"class":98},[47,154192,78],{"class":77},[47,154194,36225],{"class":81},[47,154196,736],{"class":77},[47,154198,1981],{"class":57},[47,154200,2016],{"class":61},[47,154202,20382],{"class":77},[47,154204,51412],{"class":1378},[47,154206,154207,154209,154211,154213,154215,154217,154219,154221],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,154208,99],{"class":98},[47,154210,78],{"class":77},[47,154212,36225],{"class":81},[47,154214,736],{"class":77},[47,154216,1981],{"class":57},[47,154218,2021],{"class":61},[47,154220,20382],{"class":77},[47,154222,154065],{"class":1378},[20,154224,154225],{},"Negative indexing is useful when you need the last item but do not want to calculate its position manually.",[20,154227,154228],{},"This is especially helpful when the tuple size may change.",[33,154230,154232],{"id":154231},"example-with-a-simple-tuple","Example with a simple tuple",[20,154234,154235],{},"Here is a simple example that reads the first, middle, and last item from a tuple.",[38,154237,154239],{"className":40,"code":154238,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = (\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\")\n\nprint(names[0])   # first item\nprint(names[1])   # middle item\nprint(names[-1])  # last item\n",[15,154240,154241,154273,154277,154294,154311],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,154242,154243,154245,154247,154249,154251,154253,154255,154257,154259,154261,154263,154265,154267,154269,154271],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,154244,4929],{"class":53},[47,154246,58],{"class":57},[47,154248,9169],{"class":77},[47,154250,309],{"class":151},[47,154252,12814],{"class":155},[47,154254,309],{"class":151},[47,154256,668],{"class":77},[47,154258,303],{"class":151},[47,154260,35875],{"class":155},[47,154262,309],{"class":151},[47,154264,668],{"class":77},[47,154266,303],{"class":151},[47,154268,35884],{"class":155},[47,154270,309],{"class":151},[47,154272,85],{"class":77},[47,154274,154275],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,154276,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,154278,154279,154281,154283,154285,154287,154289,154291],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,154280,99],{"class":98},[47,154282,78],{"class":77},[47,154284,4973],{"class":81},[47,154286,736],{"class":77},[47,154288,2077],{"class":61},[47,154290,20382],{"class":77},[47,154292,154293],{"class":1378},"   # first item\n",[47,154295,154296,154298,154300,154302,154304,154306,154308],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,154297,99],{"class":98},[47,154299,78],{"class":77},[47,154301,4973],{"class":81},[47,154303,736],{"class":77},[47,154305,665],{"class":61},[47,154307,20382],{"class":77},[47,154309,154310],{"class":1378},"   # middle item\n",[47,154312,154313,154315,154317,154319,154321,154323,154325,154327],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,154314,99],{"class":98},[47,154316,78],{"class":77},[47,154318,4973],{"class":81},[47,154320,736],{"class":77},[47,154322,1981],{"class":57},[47,154324,665],{"class":61},[47,154326,20382],{"class":77},[47,154328,154329],{"class":1378},"  # last item\n",[20,154331,129],{},[38,154333,154335],{"className":40,"code":154334,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Ana\nBen\nCara\n",[15,154336,154337,154341,154346],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,154338,154339],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,154340,49965],{"class":53},[47,154342,154343],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,154344,154345],{"class":53},"Ben\n",[47,154347,154348],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,154349,154350],{"class":53},"Cara\n",[20,154352,154353],{},"Notice that indexing only reads values. It does not modify the tuple.",[33,154355,154357],{"id":154356},"indexerror-when-the-position-does-not-exist","IndexError when the position does not exist",[20,154359,154360],{},"If you try to access an index that is outside the tuple length, Python raises an error.",[20,154362,800],{},[38,154364,154366],{"className":40,"code":154365,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(letters[5])\n",[15,154367,154368,154400,154404],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,154369,154370,154372,154374,154376,154378,154380,154382,154384,154386,154388,154390,154392,154394,154396,154398],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,154371,36024],{"class":53},[47,154373,58],{"class":57},[47,154375,9169],{"class":77},[47,154377,309],{"class":151},[47,154379,360],{"class":155},[47,154381,309],{"class":151},[47,154383,668],{"class":77},[47,154385,303],{"class":151},[47,154387,4696],{"class":155},[47,154389,309],{"class":151},[47,154391,668],{"class":77},[47,154393,303],{"class":151},[47,154395,9671],{"class":155},[47,154397,309],{"class":151},[47,154399,85],{"class":77},[47,154401,154402],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,154403,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,154405,154406,154408,154410,154412,154414,154416],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,154407,99],{"class":98},[47,154409,78],{"class":77},[47,154411,36077],{"class":81},[47,154413,736],{"class":77},[47,154415,2094],{"class":61},[47,154417,3825],{"class":77},[20,154419,129],{},[38,154421,154423],{"className":40,"code":154422,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Traceback (most recent call last):\n  ...\nIndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,154424,154425,154437,154442],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,154426,154427,154430,154432,154435],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,154428,154429],{"class":81},"Traceback ",[47,154431,78],{"class":77},[47,154433,154434],{"class":81},"most recent call last",[47,154436,8273],{"class":77},[47,154438,154439],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,154440,154441],{"class":34387},"  ...\n",[47,154443,154444,154446,154448,154450,154453],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,154445,70658],{"class":73},[47,154447,2826],{"class":77},[47,154449,149102],{"class":73},[47,154451,154452],{"class":53}," index out of ",[47,154454,70850],{"class":98},[20,154456,154457],{},"This happens because the tuple has only 3 items, so valid positive indexes are:",[185,154459,154460,154464,154468],{},[188,154461,154462],{},[15,154463,2077],{},[188,154465,154466],{},[15,154467,665],{},[188,154469,154470],{},[15,154471,2016],{},[20,154473,154474,154475,914],{},"One simple way to avoid this is to check the length first with ",[360,154476,154477,154479],{"href":148974},[15,154478,42292],{}," on a tuple",[38,154481,154483],{"className":40,"code":154482,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(len(letters))  # 3\n\nif len(letters) > 2:\n    print(letters[2])\n",[15,154484,154485,154517,154521,154537,154541,154559],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,154486,154487,154489,154491,154493,154495,154497,154499,154501,154503,154505,154507,154509,154511,154513,154515],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,154488,36024],{"class":53},[47,154490,58],{"class":57},[47,154492,9169],{"class":77},[47,154494,309],{"class":151},[47,154496,360],{"class":155},[47,154498,309],{"class":151},[47,154500,668],{"class":77},[47,154502,303],{"class":151},[47,154504,4696],{"class":155},[47,154506,309],{"class":151},[47,154508,668],{"class":77},[47,154510,303],{"class":151},[47,154512,9671],{"class":155},[47,154514,309],{"class":151},[47,154516,85],{"class":77},[47,154518,154519],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,154520,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,154522,154523,154525,154527,154529,154531,154533,154535],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,154524,99],{"class":98},[47,154526,78],{"class":77},[47,154528,11095],{"class":98},[47,154530,78],{"class":77},[47,154532,36077],{"class":81},[47,154534,5294],{"class":77},[47,154536,50696],{"class":1378},[47,154538,154539],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,154540,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,154542,154543,154545,154547,154549,154551,154553,154555,154557],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,154544,6930],{"class":3812},[47,154546,38321],{"class":98},[47,154548,78],{"class":77},[47,154550,36077],{"class":81},[47,154552,862],{"class":77},[47,154554,38331],{"class":57},[47,154556,671],{"class":61},[47,154558,6329],{"class":77},[47,154560,154561,154563,154565,154567,154569,154571],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,154562,8000],{"class":98},[47,154564,78],{"class":77},[47,154566,36077],{"class":81},[47,154568,736],{"class":77},[47,154570,2016],{"class":61},[47,154572,3825],{"class":77},[20,154574,154575,154576,914],{},"If you are dealing with this error now, see ",[360,154577,1652,154579],{"href":154578},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix\u002F",[15,154580,154581],{},"IndexError: tuple index out of range",[33,154583,154585],{"id":154584},"tuple-indexing-vs-tuple-slicing","Tuple indexing vs tuple slicing",[20,154587,154588],{},"Indexing and slicing are related, but they are not the same.",[185,154590,154591,154593],{},[188,154592,76799],{},[188,154594,154595],{},"Slicing gets a range of items",[20,154597,154598],{},"Indexing example:",[38,154600,154602],{"className":40,"code":154601,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1])\n",[15,154603,154604,154628,154632],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,154605,154606,154608,154610,154612,154614,154616,154618,154620,154622,154624,154626],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,154607,3554],{"class":53},[47,154609,58],{"class":57},[47,154611,9169],{"class":77},[47,154613,193],{"class":61},[47,154615,668],{"class":77},[47,154617,7722],{"class":61},[47,154619,668],{"class":77},[47,154621,7727],{"class":61},[47,154623,668],{"class":77},[47,154625,50769],{"class":61},[47,154627,85],{"class":77},[47,154629,154630],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,154631,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,154633,154634,154636,154638,154640,154642,154644],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,154635,99],{"class":98},[47,154637,78],{"class":77},[47,154639,3584],{"class":81},[47,154641,736],{"class":77},[47,154643,665],{"class":61},[47,154645,3825],{"class":77},[20,154647,129],{},[38,154649,154650],{"className":40,"code":71151,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,154651,154652],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,154653,154654],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,154655,71151],{"class":61},[20,154657,154658],{},"Slicing example:",[38,154660,154662],{"className":40,"code":154661,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,154663,154664,154688,154692],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,154665,154666,154668,154670,154672,154674,154676,154678,154680,154682,154684,154686],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,154667,3554],{"class":53},[47,154669,58],{"class":57},[47,154671,9169],{"class":77},[47,154673,193],{"class":61},[47,154675,668],{"class":77},[47,154677,7722],{"class":61},[47,154679,668],{"class":77},[47,154681,7727],{"class":61},[47,154683,668],{"class":77},[47,154685,50769],{"class":61},[47,154687,85],{"class":77},[47,154689,154690],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,154691,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,154693,154694,154696,154698,154700,154702,154704,154706,154708],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,154695,99],{"class":98},[47,154697,78],{"class":77},[47,154699,3584],{"class":81},[47,154701,736],{"class":77},[47,154703,665],{"class":61},[47,154705,2826],{"class":77},[47,154707,2021],{"class":61},[47,154709,3825],{"class":77},[20,154711,129],{},[38,154713,154715],{"className":40,"code":154714,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(20, 30)\n",[15,154716,154717],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,154718,154719,154721,154723,154725,154727],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,154720,78],{"class":77},[47,154722,15689],{"class":61},[47,154724,668],{"class":77},[47,154726,7727],{"class":61},[47,154728,85],{"class":77},[20,154730,154731,154732,914],{},"This page focuses on getting one item by position. If you want to get multiple items, see ",[360,154733,150653],{"href":150652},[33,154735,154737],{"id":154736},"important-beginner-note-about-tuples","Important beginner note about tuples",[20,154739,154740],{},"You can read tuple items by index, but you cannot change them by index.",[20,154742,154743],{},"Tuples are immutable. That means their values cannot be changed after creation.",[20,154745,1275],{},[38,154747,154749],{"className":40,"code":154748,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors[1])\n",[15,154750,154751,154783],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,154752,154753,154755,154757,154759,154761,154763,154765,154767,154769,154771,154773,154775,154777,154779,154781],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,154754,13010],{"class":53},[47,154756,58],{"class":57},[47,154758,9169],{"class":77},[47,154760,309],{"class":151},[47,154762,13027],{"class":155},[47,154764,309],{"class":151},[47,154766,668],{"class":77},[47,154768,303],{"class":151},[47,154770,17390],{"class":155},[47,154772,309],{"class":151},[47,154774,668],{"class":77},[47,154776,303],{"class":151},[47,154778,13044],{"class":155},[47,154780,309],{"class":151},[47,154782,85],{"class":77},[47,154784,154785,154787,154789,154791,154793,154795],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,154786,99],{"class":98},[47,154788,78],{"class":77},[47,154790,17437],{"class":81},[47,154792,736],{"class":77},[47,154794,665],{"class":61},[47,154796,3825],{"class":77},[20,154798,154799],{},"But this does not work:",[38,154801,154803],{"className":40,"code":154802,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\ncolors[1] = \"yellow\"\n",[15,154804,154805,154837],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,154806,154807,154809,154811,154813,154815,154817,154819,154821,154823,154825,154827,154829,154831,154833,154835],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,154808,13010],{"class":53},[47,154810,58],{"class":57},[47,154812,9169],{"class":77},[47,154814,309],{"class":151},[47,154816,13027],{"class":155},[47,154818,309],{"class":151},[47,154820,668],{"class":77},[47,154822,303],{"class":151},[47,154824,17390],{"class":155},[47,154826,309],{"class":151},[47,154828,668],{"class":77},[47,154830,303],{"class":151},[47,154832,13044],{"class":155},[47,154834,309],{"class":151},[47,154836,85],{"class":77},[47,154838,154839,154841,154843,154845,154847,154849,154851,154853],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,154840,17437],{"class":53},[47,154842,736],{"class":77},[47,154844,665],{"class":61},[47,154846,13208],{"class":77},[47,154848,13211],{"class":57},[47,154850,303],{"class":151},[47,154852,22458],{"class":155},[47,154854,820],{"class":151},[20,154856,154857],{},"Python will raise an error because tuple items cannot be reassigned.",[20,154859,154860],{},"If you need a collection where items can be changed, use a list instead.",[33,154862,2775],{"id":2774},[20,154864,154865],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with tuple indexing:",[185,154867,154868,154874,154877,154880],{},[188,154869,132464,154870,11025,154872],{},[15,154871,665],{},[15,154873,2077],{},[188,154875,154876],{},"Using an index that is too large",[188,154878,154879],{},"Confusing negative indexes with subtraction",[188,154881,154882,154883],{},"Trying to assign a new value to ",[15,154884,154885],{},"tuple[index]",[20,154887,62222],{},[38,154889,154891],{"className":40,"code":154890,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(my_tuple[0])\nprint(my_tuple[-1])\nprint(type(my_tuple))\n",[15,154892,154893,154903,154917,154931,154947],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,154894,154895,154897,154899,154901],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,154896,99],{"class":98},[47,154898,78],{"class":77},[47,154900,147754],{"class":81},[47,154902,85],{"class":77},[47,154904,154905,154907,154909,154911,154913,154915],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,154906,99],{"class":98},[47,154908,78],{"class":77},[47,154910,11095],{"class":98},[47,154912,78],{"class":77},[47,154914,147754],{"class":81},[47,154916,123],{"class":77},[47,154918,154919,154921,154923,154925,154927,154929],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,154920,99],{"class":98},[47,154922,78],{"class":77},[47,154924,147754],{"class":81},[47,154926,736],{"class":77},[47,154928,2077],{"class":61},[47,154930,3825],{"class":77},[47,154932,154933,154935,154937,154939,154941,154943,154945],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,154934,99],{"class":98},[47,154936,78],{"class":77},[47,154938,147754],{"class":81},[47,154940,736],{"class":77},[47,154942,1981],{"class":57},[47,154944,665],{"class":61},[47,154946,3825],{"class":77},[47,154948,154949,154951,154953,154955,154957,154959],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,154950,99],{"class":98},[47,154952,78],{"class":77},[47,154954,116],{"class":73},[47,154956,78],{"class":77},[47,154958,147754],{"class":81},[47,154960,123],{"class":77},[20,154962,154963],{},"These can help you confirm:",[185,154965,154966,154969,154971,154974],{},[188,154967,154968],{},"what the tuple contains",[188,154970,60712],{},[188,154972,154973],{},"what the first and last items are",[188,154975,154976],{},"whether the variable is really a tuple",[33,154978,1762],{"id":1761},[373,154980,154982],{"id":154981},"does-tuple-indexing-start-at-0","Does tuple indexing start at 0?",[20,154984,154985,154986,914],{},"Yes. The first item is at index ",[15,154987,2077],{},[373,154989,154991],{"id":154990},"how-do-i-get-the-last-item-in-a-tuple","How do I get the last item in a tuple?",[20,154993,165,154994,154996],{},[15,154995,65781],{}," as the index:",[38,154998,155000],{"className":40,"code":154999,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_tuple[-1]\n",[15,155001,155002],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155003,155004,155006,155008,155010,155012],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155005,147754],{"class":53},[47,155007,736],{"class":77},[47,155009,1981],{"class":57},[47,155011,665],{"class":61},[47,155013,679],{"class":77},[373,155015,155017],{"id":155016},"what-happens-if-i-use-an-invalid-index","What happens if I use an invalid index?",[20,155019,155020],{},"Python raises:",[38,155022,155024],{"className":40,"code":155023,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"IndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,155025,155026],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155027,155028,155030,155032,155034,155036],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155029,70658],{"class":73},[47,155031,2826],{"class":77},[47,155033,149102],{"class":73},[47,155035,154452],{"class":53},[47,155037,70850],{"class":98},[373,155039,155041],{"id":155040},"can-i-change-a-tuple-item-using-its-index","Can I change a tuple item using its index?",[20,155043,155044],{},"No. Tuples are immutable, so indexed assignment is not allowed.",[33,155046,1825],{"id":1824},[185,155048,155049,155054,155058,155062,155068],{},[188,155050,155051],{},[360,155052,155053],{"href":147739},"How to create a tuple in Python",[188,155055,155056],{},[360,155057,150653],{"href":150652},[188,155059,155060],{},[360,155061,150658],{"href":148974},[188,155063,155064],{},[360,155065,26055,155066],{"href":154578},[15,155067,154581],{},[188,155069,155070],{},[360,155071,147736],{"href":147735},[1875,155073,155074],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":65,"depth":65,"links":155076},[155077,155078,155079,155080,155081,155082,155083,155084,155085,155086,155092],{"id":3543,"depth":65,"text":3544},{"id":153840,"depth":65,"text":153841},{"id":153966,"depth":65,"text":153967},{"id":154104,"depth":65,"text":154105},{"id":154231,"depth":65,"text":154232},{"id":154356,"depth":65,"text":154357},{"id":154584,"depth":65,"text":154585},{"id":154736,"depth":65,"text":154737},{"id":2774,"depth":65,"text":2775},{"id":1761,"depth":65,"text":1762,"children":155087},[155088,155089,155090,155091],{"id":154981,"depth":88,"text":154982},{"id":154990,"depth":88,"text":154991},{"id":155016,"depth":88,"text":155017},{"id":155040,"depth":88,"text":155041},{"id":1824,"depth":65,"text":1825},"Master python tuple indexing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":153697,"description":155093},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained","oh8flZok-CuLGMVXExWuVV18PBZcnk3hpgYpNXAAb9g",{"id":155099,"title":155100,"body":155101,"description":156990,"extension":1922,"meta":156991,"navigation":91,"path":156992,"seo":156993,"stem":156994,"__hash__":156995},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len.md","Python Tuple Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":155102,"toc":156947},[155103,155109,155114,155165,155169,155177,155183,155185,155201,155203,155206,155221,155223,155236,155238,155295,155299,155307,155314,155320,155326,155330,155381,155385,155393,155397,155426,155430,155438,155442,155475,155479,155487,155491,155494,155545,155549,155557,155559,155576,155580,155584,155643,155647,155655,155658,155685,155689,155697,155701,155707,155782,155786,155823,155831,155835,155898,155902,155910,155915,155919,155925,155968,155972,155980,155986,155989,156036,156040,156048,156057,156063,156118,156122,156130,156133,156137,156139,156170,156174,156193,156196,156241,156245,156268,156274,156279,156281,156328,156333,156336,156384,156388,156396,156400,156405,156409,156459,156463,156478,156482,156540,156544,156559,156563,156634,156638,156647,156651,156730,156734,156756,156764,156766,156769,156794,156796,156849,156851,156868,156870,156874,156880,156885,156890,156894,156899,156903,156908,156914,156917,156919,156944],[10,155104,155106,155107,862],{"id":155105},"python-tuple-length-len","Python Tuple Length (",[15,155108,11095],{},[20,155110,165,155111,155113],{},[15,155112,42292],{}," to get the number of items in a tuple.",[38,155115,155117],{"className":40,"code":155116,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,155118,155119,155151],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155120,155121,155123,155125,155127,155129,155131,155133,155135,155137,155139,155141,155143,155145,155147,155149],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155122,13010],{"class":53},[47,155124,58],{"class":57},[47,155126,9169],{"class":77},[47,155128,309],{"class":151},[47,155130,13027],{"class":155},[47,155132,309],{"class":151},[47,155134,668],{"class":77},[47,155136,303],{"class":151},[47,155138,17390],{"class":155},[47,155140,309],{"class":151},[47,155142,668],{"class":77},[47,155144,303],{"class":151},[47,155146,13044],{"class":155},[47,155148,309],{"class":151},[47,155150,85],{"class":77},[47,155152,155153,155155,155157,155159,155161,155163],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,155154,99],{"class":98},[47,155156,78],{"class":77},[47,155158,11095],{"class":98},[47,155160,78],{"class":77},[47,155162,17437],{"class":81},[47,155164,123],{"class":77},[20,155166,155167],{},[127,155168,129],{},[38,155170,155171],{"className":40,"code":46544,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,155172,155173],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155174,155175],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155176,46544],{"class":61},[20,155178,165,155179,155182],{},[15,155180,155181],{},"len(tuple_name)"," to count how many items are in a tuple.",[33,155184,15097],{"id":15096},[185,155186,155187,155192,155196,155199],{},[188,155188,4133,155189,155191],{},[15,155190,42292],{}," works with tuples",[188,155193,68185,155194,11639],{},[15,155195,42292],{},[188,155197,155198],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty tuples",[188,155200,1131],{},[33,155202,245],{"id":244},[20,155204,155205],{},"Use this pattern:",[38,155207,155209],{"className":40,"code":155208,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"len(my_tuple)\n",[15,155210,155211],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155212,155213,155215,155217,155219],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155214,11095],{"class":98},[47,155216,78],{"class":77},[47,155218,147754],{"class":81},[47,155220,85],{"class":77},[20,155222,1515],{},[185,155224,155225,155228,155231],{},[188,155226,155227],{},"Pass the tuple inside the parentheses",[188,155229,155230],{},"The result is an integer",[188,155232,155233,155235],{},[15,155234,42292],{}," does not change the tuple",[20,155237,800],{},[38,155239,155241],{"className":40,"code":155240,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\ncount = len(numbers)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,155242,155243,155267,155281,155285],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155244,155245,155247,155249,155251,155253,155255,155257,155259,155261,155263,155265],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155246,3554],{"class":53},[47,155248,58],{"class":57},[47,155250,9169],{"class":77},[47,155252,193],{"class":61},[47,155254,668],{"class":77},[47,155256,7722],{"class":61},[47,155258,668],{"class":77},[47,155260,7727],{"class":61},[47,155262,668],{"class":77},[47,155264,50769],{"class":61},[47,155266,85],{"class":77},[47,155268,155269,155271,155273,155275,155277,155279],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,155270,41175],{"class":53},[47,155272,58],{"class":57},[47,155274,38321],{"class":98},[47,155276,78],{"class":77},[47,155278,3584],{"class":81},[47,155280,85],{"class":77},[47,155282,155283],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,155284,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,155286,155287,155289,155291,155293],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,155288,99],{"class":98},[47,155290,78],{"class":77},[47,155292,41193],{"class":81},[47,155294,85],{"class":77},[20,155296,155297],{},[127,155298,129],{},[38,155300,155301],{"className":40,"code":48576,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,155302,155303],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155304,155305],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155306,48576],{"class":61},[20,155308,155309,155310,914],{},"If you want a broader explanation of this built-in function, see ",[360,155311,13,155312,1834],{"href":42289},[15,155313,42292],{},[33,155315,172,155317,155319],{"id":155316},"what-len-returns-for-a-tuple",[15,155318,42292],{}," returns for a tuple",[20,155321,155322,155323,155325],{},"For a tuple, ",[15,155324,42292],{}," returns the number of items in the tuple.",[373,155327,155329],{"id":155328},"regular-tuple","Regular tuple",[38,155331,155333],{"className":40,"code":155332,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\nprint(len(fruits))\n",[15,155334,155335,155367],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155336,155337,155339,155341,155343,155345,155347,155349,155351,155353,155355,155357,155359,155361,155363,155365],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155338,36173],{"class":53},[47,155340,58],{"class":57},[47,155342,9169],{"class":77},[47,155344,309],{"class":151},[47,155346,1425],{"class":155},[47,155348,309],{"class":151},[47,155350,668],{"class":77},[47,155352,303],{"class":151},[47,155354,1434],{"class":155},[47,155356,309],{"class":151},[47,155358,668],{"class":77},[47,155360,303],{"class":151},[47,155362,1443],{"class":155},[47,155364,309],{"class":151},[47,155366,85],{"class":77},[47,155368,155369,155371,155373,155375,155377,155379],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,155370,99],{"class":98},[47,155372,78],{"class":77},[47,155374,11095],{"class":98},[47,155376,78],{"class":77},[47,155378,36225],{"class":81},[47,155380,123],{"class":77},[20,155382,155383],{},[127,155384,129],{},[38,155386,155387],{"className":40,"code":46544,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,155388,155389],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155390,155391],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155392,46544],{"class":61},[373,155394,155396],{"id":155395},"empty-tuple","Empty tuple",[38,155398,155400],{"className":40,"code":155399,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"empty_tuple = ()\nprint(len(empty_tuple))\n",[15,155401,155402,155411],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155403,155404,155407,155409],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155405,155406],{"class":53},"empty_tuple ",[47,155408,58],{"class":57},[47,155410,149078],{"class":77},[47,155412,155413,155415,155417,155419,155421,155424],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,155414,99],{"class":98},[47,155416,78],{"class":77},[47,155418,11095],{"class":98},[47,155420,78],{"class":77},[47,155422,155423],{"class":81},"empty_tuple",[47,155425,123],{"class":77},[20,155427,155428],{},[127,155429,129],{},[38,155431,155432],{"className":40,"code":47179,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,155433,155434],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155435,155436],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155437,47179],{"class":61},[373,155439,155441],{"id":155440},"one-item-tuple","One-item tuple",[38,155443,155445],{"className":40,"code":155444,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"single_value = (5,)\nprint(len(single_value))\n",[15,155446,155447,155460],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155448,155449,155452,155454,155456,155458],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155450,155451],{"class":53},"single_value ",[47,155453,58],{"class":57},[47,155455,9169],{"class":77},[47,155457,2094],{"class":61},[47,155459,149092],{"class":77},[47,155461,155462,155464,155466,155468,155470,155473],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,155463,99],{"class":98},[47,155465,78],{"class":77},[47,155467,11095],{"class":98},[47,155469,78],{"class":77},[47,155471,155472],{"class":81},"single_value",[47,155474,123],{"class":77},[20,155476,155477],{},[127,155478,129],{},[38,155480,155481],{"className":40,"code":46844,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,155482,155483],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155484,155485],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155486,46844],{"class":61},[373,155488,155490],{"id":155489},"nested-items","Nested items",[20,155492,155493],{},"Nested values still count as one top-level item each.",[38,155495,155497],{"className":40,"code":155496,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = (1, (2, 3), [4, 5])\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,155498,155499,155531],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155500,155501,155503,155505,155507,155509,155511,155513,155515,155517,155519,155521,155523,155525,155527,155529],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155502,9098],{"class":53},[47,155504,58],{"class":57},[47,155506,9169],{"class":77},[47,155508,665],{"class":61},[47,155510,668],{"class":77},[47,155512,9169],{"class":77},[47,155514,2016],{"class":61},[47,155516,668],{"class":77},[47,155518,676],{"class":61},[47,155520,9166],{"class":77},[47,155522,662],{"class":77},[47,155524,2451],{"class":61},[47,155526,668],{"class":77},[47,155528,4540],{"class":61},[47,155530,3825],{"class":77},[47,155532,155533,155535,155537,155539,155541,155543],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,155534,99],{"class":98},[47,155536,78],{"class":77},[47,155538,11095],{"class":98},[47,155540,78],{"class":77},[47,155542,9137],{"class":81},[47,155544,123],{"class":77},[20,155546,155547],{},[127,155548,129],{},[38,155550,155551],{"className":40,"code":46544,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,155552,155553],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155554,155555],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155556,46544],{"class":61},[20,155558,19893],{},[185,155560,155561,155566,155571],{},[188,155562,155563,155565],{},[15,155564,665],{}," is one item",[188,155567,155568,155565],{},[15,155569,155570],{},"(2, 3)",[188,155572,155573,155565],{},[15,155574,155575],{},"[4, 5]",[33,155577,155579],{"id":155578},"important-tuple-examples","Important tuple examples",[373,155581,155583],{"id":155582},"regular-tuple-with-several-values","Regular tuple with several values",[38,155585,155587],{"className":40,"code":155586,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", \"yellow\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,155588,155589,155629],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155590,155591,155593,155595,155597,155599,155601,155603,155605,155607,155609,155611,155613,155615,155617,155619,155621,155623,155625,155627],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155592,13010],{"class":53},[47,155594,58],{"class":57},[47,155596,9169],{"class":77},[47,155598,309],{"class":151},[47,155600,13027],{"class":155},[47,155602,309],{"class":151},[47,155604,668],{"class":77},[47,155606,303],{"class":151},[47,155608,17390],{"class":155},[47,155610,309],{"class":151},[47,155612,668],{"class":77},[47,155614,303],{"class":151},[47,155616,13044],{"class":155},[47,155618,309],{"class":151},[47,155620,668],{"class":77},[47,155622,303],{"class":151},[47,155624,22458],{"class":155},[47,155626,309],{"class":151},[47,155628,85],{"class":77},[47,155630,155631,155633,155635,155637,155639,155641],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,155632,99],{"class":98},[47,155634,78],{"class":77},[47,155636,11095],{"class":98},[47,155638,78],{"class":77},[47,155640,17437],{"class":81},[47,155642,123],{"class":77},[20,155644,155645],{},[127,155646,129],{},[38,155648,155649],{"className":40,"code":48576,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,155650,155651],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155652,155653],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155654,48576],{"class":61},[373,155656,155396],{"id":155657},"empty-tuple-1",[38,155659,155661],{"className":40,"code":155660,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = ()\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,155662,155663,155671],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155664,155665,155667,155669],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155666,657],{"class":53},[47,155668,58],{"class":57},[47,155670,149078],{"class":77},[47,155672,155673,155675,155677,155679,155681,155683],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,155674,99],{"class":98},[47,155676,78],{"class":77},[47,155678,11095],{"class":98},[47,155680,78],{"class":77},[47,155682,692],{"class":81},[47,155684,123],{"class":77},[20,155686,155687],{},[127,155688,129],{},[38,155690,155691],{"className":40,"code":47179,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,155692,155693],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155694,155695],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155696,47179],{"class":61},[373,155698,155700],{"id":155699},"single-item-tuple-with-trailing-comma","Single-item tuple with trailing comma",[20,155702,155703,155704,155706],{},"A single value in parentheses is ",[127,155705,768],{}," always a tuple.",[38,155708,155710],{"className":40,"code":155709,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = (5)\nb = (5,)\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\nprint(len(b))\n",[15,155711,155712,155724,155736,155740,155754,155768],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155713,155714,155716,155718,155720,155722],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155715,2501],{"class":53},[47,155717,58],{"class":57},[47,155719,9169],{"class":77},[47,155721,2094],{"class":61},[47,155723,85],{"class":77},[47,155725,155726,155728,155730,155732,155734],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,155727,2529],{"class":53},[47,155729,58],{"class":57},[47,155731,9169],{"class":77},[47,155733,2094],{"class":61},[47,155735,149092],{"class":77},[47,155737,155738],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,155739,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,155741,155742,155744,155746,155748,155750,155752],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,155743,99],{"class":98},[47,155745,78],{"class":77},[47,155747,116],{"class":73},[47,155749,78],{"class":77},[47,155751,360],{"class":81},[47,155753,123],{"class":77},[47,155755,155756,155758,155760,155762,155764,155766],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,155757,99],{"class":98},[47,155759,78],{"class":77},[47,155761,116],{"class":73},[47,155763,78],{"class":77},[47,155765,4696],{"class":81},[47,155767,123],{"class":77},[47,155769,155770,155772,155774,155776,155778,155780],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,155771,99],{"class":98},[47,155773,78],{"class":77},[47,155775,11095],{"class":98},[47,155777,78],{"class":77},[47,155779,4696],{"class":81},[47,155781,123],{"class":77},[20,155783,155784],{},[127,155785,129],{},[38,155787,155789],{"className":40,"code":155788,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,155790,155791,155805,155819],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155792,155793,155795,155797,155799,155801,155803],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155794,144],{"class":57},[47,155796,148],{"class":147},[47,155798,152],{"class":151},[47,155800,1050],{"class":155},[47,155802,159],{"class":151},[47,155804,162],{"class":57},[47,155806,155807,155809,155811,155813,155815,155817],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,155808,144],{"class":57},[47,155810,148],{"class":147},[47,155812,152],{"class":151},[47,155814,48878],{"class":155},[47,155816,159],{"class":151},[47,155818,162],{"class":57},[47,155820,155821],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,155822,46844],{"class":61},[20,155824,155825,155826,4329,155829,914],{},"If you are new to tuple syntax, see ",[360,155827,155828],{"href":147739},"Python tuple: creating a tuple",[360,155830,149040],{"href":149039},[373,155832,155834],{"id":155833},"tuple-containing-lists-or-other-tuples","Tuple containing lists or other tuples",[38,155836,155838],{"className":40,"code":155837,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"mixed = (\"apple\", [1, 2], (\"x\", \"y\"))\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,155839,155840,155884],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155841,155842,155844,155846,155848,155850,155852,155854,155856,155858,155860,155862,155864,155866,155868,155870,155872,155874,155876,155878,155880,155882],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155843,59400],{"class":53},[47,155845,58],{"class":57},[47,155847,9169],{"class":77},[47,155849,309],{"class":151},[47,155851,1425],{"class":155},[47,155853,309],{"class":151},[47,155855,668],{"class":77},[47,155857,662],{"class":77},[47,155859,665],{"class":61},[47,155861,668],{"class":77},[47,155863,671],{"class":61},[47,155865,17997],{"class":77},[47,155867,9169],{"class":77},[47,155869,309],{"class":151},[47,155871,2131],{"class":155},[47,155873,309],{"class":151},[47,155875,668],{"class":77},[47,155877,303],{"class":151},[47,155879,11679],{"class":155},[47,155881,309],{"class":151},[47,155883,123],{"class":77},[47,155885,155886,155888,155890,155892,155894,155896],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,155887,99],{"class":98},[47,155889,78],{"class":77},[47,155891,11095],{"class":98},[47,155893,78],{"class":77},[47,155895,59453],{"class":81},[47,155897,123],{"class":77},[20,155899,155900],{},[127,155901,129],{},[38,155903,155904],{"className":40,"code":46544,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,155905,155906],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155907,155908],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155909,46544],{"class":61},[20,155911,155912,155914],{},[15,155913,42292],{}," counts the outer tuple's items only.",[33,155916,155918],{"id":155917},"things-beginners-often-misunderstand","Things beginners often misunderstand",[373,155920,155922,155924],{"id":155921},"len-counts-items-not-characters-inside-strings",[15,155923,42292],{}," counts items, not characters inside strings",[38,155926,155928],{"className":40,"code":155927,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,155929,155930,155954],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155931,155932,155934,155936,155938,155940,155942,155944,155946,155948,155950,155952],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155933,4006],{"class":53},[47,155935,58],{"class":57},[47,155937,9169],{"class":77},[47,155939,309],{"class":151},[47,155941,63523],{"class":155},[47,155943,309],{"class":151},[47,155945,668],{"class":77},[47,155947,303],{"class":151},[47,155949,42],{"class":155},[47,155951,309],{"class":151},[47,155953,85],{"class":77},[47,155955,155956,155958,155960,155962,155964,155966],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,155957,99],{"class":98},[47,155959,78],{"class":77},[47,155961,11095],{"class":98},[47,155963,78],{"class":77},[47,155965,4048],{"class":81},[47,155967,123],{"class":77},[20,155969,155970],{},[127,155971,129],{},[38,155973,155974],{"className":40,"code":16992,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,155975,155976],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155977,155978],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155979,16992],{"class":61},[20,155981,155982,155983,155985],{},"This result is ",[15,155984,2016],{}," because the tuple has two items.",[20,155987,155988],{},"If you check the length of one string item, that is different:",[38,155990,155992],{"className":40,"code":155991,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words[0]))\n",[15,155993,155994,156018],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155995,155996,155998,156000,156002,156004,156006,156008,156010,156012,156014,156016],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155997,4006],{"class":53},[47,155999,58],{"class":57},[47,156001,9169],{"class":77},[47,156003,309],{"class":151},[47,156005,63523],{"class":155},[47,156007,309],{"class":151},[47,156009,668],{"class":77},[47,156011,303],{"class":151},[47,156013,42],{"class":155},[47,156015,309],{"class":151},[47,156017,85],{"class":77},[47,156019,156020,156022,156024,156026,156028,156030,156032,156034],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,156021,99],{"class":98},[47,156023,78],{"class":77},[47,156025,11095],{"class":98},[47,156027,78],{"class":77},[47,156029,4048],{"class":81},[47,156031,736],{"class":77},[47,156033,2077],{"class":61},[47,156035,2941],{"class":77},[20,156037,156038],{},[127,156039,129],{},[38,156041,156042],{"className":40,"code":16992,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,156043,156044],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156045,156046],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156047,16992],{"class":61},[20,156049,267,156050,156053,156054,914],{},[15,156051,156052],{},"len(words[0])"," counts the characters in ",[15,156055,156056],{},"\"hi\"",[373,156058,156060,156062],{"id":156059},"len-counts-top-level-tuple-elements-only",[15,156061,42292],{}," counts top-level tuple elements only",[38,156064,156066],{"className":40,"code":156065,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = ((1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6))\nprint(len(values))\n",[15,156067,156068,156104],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156069,156070,156072,156074,156076,156078,156080,156082,156084,156086,156088,156090,156092,156094,156096,156098,156100,156102],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156071,3758],{"class":53},[47,156073,58],{"class":57},[47,156075,9927],{"class":77},[47,156077,665],{"class":61},[47,156079,668],{"class":77},[47,156081,671],{"class":61},[47,156083,9166],{"class":77},[47,156085,9169],{"class":77},[47,156087,2021],{"class":61},[47,156089,668],{"class":77},[47,156091,2404],{"class":61},[47,156093,9166],{"class":77},[47,156095,9169],{"class":77},[47,156097,2094],{"class":61},[47,156099,668],{"class":77},[47,156101,37578],{"class":61},[47,156103,123],{"class":77},[47,156105,156106,156108,156110,156112,156114,156116],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,156107,99],{"class":98},[47,156109,78],{"class":77},[47,156111,11095],{"class":98},[47,156113,78],{"class":77},[47,156115,5291],{"class":81},[47,156117,123],{"class":77},[20,156119,156120],{},[127,156121,129],{},[38,156123,156124],{"className":40,"code":46544,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,156125,156126],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156127,156128],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156129,46544],{"class":61},[20,156131,156132],{},"The outer tuple contains three items.",[373,156134,156136],{"id":156135},"parentheses-alone-do-not-always-create-a-one-item-tuple","Parentheses alone do not always create a one-item tuple",[20,156138,25624],{},[38,156140,156142],{"className":40,"code":156141,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = (10)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,156143,156144,156156],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156145,156146,156148,156150,156152,156154],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156147,566],{"class":53},[47,156149,58],{"class":57},[47,156151,9169],{"class":77},[47,156153,193],{"class":61},[47,156155,85],{"class":77},[47,156157,156158,156160,156162,156164,156166,156168],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,156159,99],{"class":98},[47,156161,78],{"class":77},[47,156163,116],{"class":73},[47,156165,78],{"class":77},[47,156167,585],{"class":81},[47,156169,123],{"class":77},[20,156171,156172],{},[127,156173,129],{},[38,156175,156177],{"className":40,"code":156176,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,156178,156179],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156180,156181,156183,156185,156187,156189,156191],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156182,144],{"class":57},[47,156184,148],{"class":147},[47,156186,152],{"class":151},[47,156188,1050],{"class":155},[47,156190,159],{"class":151},[47,156192,162],{"class":57},[20,156194,156195],{},"To make a one-item tuple, add a comma:",[38,156197,156199],{"className":40,"code":156198,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = (10,)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,156200,156201,156213,156227],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156202,156203,156205,156207,156209,156211],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156204,566],{"class":53},[47,156206,58],{"class":57},[47,156208,9169],{"class":77},[47,156210,193],{"class":61},[47,156212,149092],{"class":77},[47,156214,156215,156217,156219,156221,156223,156225],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,156216,99],{"class":98},[47,156218,78],{"class":77},[47,156220,116],{"class":73},[47,156222,78],{"class":77},[47,156224,585],{"class":81},[47,156226,123],{"class":77},[47,156228,156229,156231,156233,156235,156237,156239],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,156230,99],{"class":98},[47,156232,78],{"class":77},[47,156234,11095],{"class":98},[47,156236,78],{"class":77},[47,156238,585],{"class":81},[47,156240,123],{"class":77},[20,156242,156243],{},[127,156244,129],{},[38,156246,156248],{"className":40,"code":156247,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,156249,156250,156264],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156251,156252,156254,156256,156258,156260,156262],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156253,144],{"class":57},[47,156255,148],{"class":147},[47,156257,152],{"class":151},[47,156259,48878],{"class":155},[47,156261,159],{"class":151},[47,156263,162],{"class":57},[47,156265,156266],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,156267,46844],{"class":61},[373,156269,156271,156273],{"id":156270},"len-is-a-function-name-and-should-not-be-overwritten",[15,156272,11095],{}," is a function name and should not be overwritten",[20,156275,44360,156276,156278],{},[15,156277,11095],{}," as a variable name.",[20,156280,44391],{},[38,156282,156284],{"className":40,"code":156283,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"len = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,156285,156286,156294,156314],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156287,156288,156290,156292],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156289,11095],{"class":98},[47,156291,13211],{"class":57},[47,156293,391],{"class":61},[47,156295,156296,156298,156300,156302,156304,156306,156308,156310,156312],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,156297,3554],{"class":53},[47,156299,58],{"class":57},[47,156301,9169],{"class":77},[47,156303,665],{"class":61},[47,156305,668],{"class":77},[47,156307,671],{"class":61},[47,156309,668],{"class":77},[47,156311,676],{"class":61},[47,156313,85],{"class":77},[47,156315,156316,156318,156320,156322,156324,156326],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,156317,99],{"class":98},[47,156319,78],{"class":77},[47,156321,11095],{"class":98},[47,156323,78],{"class":77},[47,156325,3584],{"class":81},[47,156327,123],{"class":77},[20,156329,39589,156330,156332],{},[15,156331,11095],{}," no longer refers to the built-in function.",[20,156334,156335],{},"Use a different variable name instead:",[38,156337,156339],{"className":40,"code":156338,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"length_value = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,156340,156341,156350,156370],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156342,156343,156346,156348],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156344,156345],{"class":53},"length_value ",[47,156347,58],{"class":57},[47,156349,391],{"class":61},[47,156351,156352,156354,156356,156358,156360,156362,156364,156366,156368],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,156353,3554],{"class":53},[47,156355,58],{"class":57},[47,156357,9169],{"class":77},[47,156359,665],{"class":61},[47,156361,668],{"class":77},[47,156363,671],{"class":61},[47,156365,668],{"class":77},[47,156367,676],{"class":61},[47,156369,85],{"class":77},[47,156371,156372,156374,156376,156378,156380,156382],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,156373,99],{"class":98},[47,156375,78],{"class":77},[47,156377,11095],{"class":98},[47,156379,78],{"class":77},[47,156381,3584],{"class":81},[47,156383,123],{"class":77},[20,156385,156386],{},[127,156387,129],{},[38,156389,156390],{"className":40,"code":46544,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,156391,156392],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156393,156394],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156395,46544],{"class":61},[33,156397,156399],{"id":156398},"when-this-is-useful","When this is useful",[20,156401,156402,156404],{},[15,156403,42292],{}," is helpful when you need to work with tuple size.",[373,156406,156408],{"id":156407},"checking-whether-a-tuple-is-empty","Checking whether a tuple is empty",[38,156410,156412],{"className":40,"code":156411,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = ()\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The tuple is empty\")\n",[15,156413,156414,156422,156426,156444],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156415,156416,156418,156420],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156417,657],{"class":53},[47,156419,58],{"class":57},[47,156421,149078],{"class":77},[47,156423,156424],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,156425,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,156427,156428,156430,156432,156434,156436,156438,156440,156442],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,156429,6930],{"class":3812},[47,156431,38321],{"class":98},[47,156433,78],{"class":77},[47,156435,692],{"class":81},[47,156437,862],{"class":77},[47,156439,6344],{"class":57},[47,156441,3769],{"class":61},[47,156443,6329],{"class":77},[47,156445,156446,156448,156450,156452,156455,156457],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,156447,8000],{"class":98},[47,156449,78],{"class":77},[47,156451,309],{"class":151},[47,156453,156454],{"class":155},"The tuple is empty",[47,156456,309],{"class":151},[47,156458,85],{"class":77},[20,156460,156461],{},[127,156462,129],{},[38,156464,156466],{"className":40,"code":156465,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"The tuple is empty\n",[15,156467,156468],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156469,156470,156472,156474,156476],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156471,1939],{"class":53},[47,156473,48878],{"class":73},[47,156475,8028],{"class":57},[47,156477,8034],{"class":53},[373,156479,156481],{"id":156480},"validating-how-many-values-were-stored","Validating how many values were stored",[38,156483,156485],{"className":40,"code":156484,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"point = (4, 7)\n\nif len(point) == 2:\n    print(\"This looks like an x, y coordinate\")\n",[15,156486,156487,156503,156507,156525],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156488,156489,156491,156493,156495,156497,156499,156501],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156490,51311],{"class":53},[47,156492,58],{"class":57},[47,156494,9169],{"class":77},[47,156496,2451],{"class":61},[47,156498,668],{"class":77},[47,156500,5928],{"class":61},[47,156502,85],{"class":77},[47,156504,156505],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,156506,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,156508,156509,156511,156513,156515,156517,156519,156521,156523],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,156510,6930],{"class":3812},[47,156512,38321],{"class":98},[47,156514,78],{"class":77},[47,156516,51336],{"class":81},[47,156518,862],{"class":77},[47,156520,6344],{"class":57},[47,156522,671],{"class":61},[47,156524,6329],{"class":77},[47,156526,156527,156529,156531,156533,156536,156538],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,156528,8000],{"class":98},[47,156530,78],{"class":77},[47,156532,309],{"class":151},[47,156534,156535],{"class":155},"This looks like an x, y coordinate",[47,156537,309],{"class":151},[47,156539,85],{"class":77},[20,156541,156542],{},[127,156543,129],{},[38,156545,156547],{"className":40,"code":156546,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"This looks like an x, y coordinate\n",[15,156548,156549],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156550,156551,156554,156556],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156552,156553],{"class":53},"This looks like an x",[47,156555,668],{"class":77},[47,156557,156558],{"class":53}," y coordinate\n",[373,156560,156562],{"id":156561},"using-tuple-size-in-conditions","Using tuple size in conditions",[38,156564,156566],{"className":40,"code":156565,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"user = (\"Ana\", 25, \"Canada\")\n\nif len(user) == 3:\n    print(\"User record has the expected number of values\")\n",[15,156567,156568,156597,156601,156619],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156569,156570,156572,156574,156576,156578,156580,156582,156584,156586,156588,156590,156593,156595],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156571,11422],{"class":53},[47,156573,58],{"class":57},[47,156575,9169],{"class":77},[47,156577,309],{"class":151},[47,156579,12814],{"class":155},[47,156581,309],{"class":151},[47,156583,668],{"class":77},[47,156585,900],{"class":61},[47,156587,668],{"class":77},[47,156589,303],{"class":151},[47,156591,156592],{"class":155},"Canada",[47,156594,309],{"class":151},[47,156596,85],{"class":77},[47,156598,156599],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,156600,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,156602,156603,156605,156607,156609,156611,156613,156615,156617],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,156604,6930],{"class":3812},[47,156606,38321],{"class":98},[47,156608,78],{"class":77},[47,156610,11515],{"class":81},[47,156612,862],{"class":77},[47,156614,6344],{"class":57},[47,156616,676],{"class":61},[47,156618,6329],{"class":77},[47,156620,156621,156623,156625,156627,156630,156632],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,156622,8000],{"class":98},[47,156624,78],{"class":77},[47,156626,309],{"class":151},[47,156628,156629],{"class":155},"User record has the expected number of values",[47,156631,309],{"class":151},[47,156633,85],{"class":77},[20,156635,156636],{},[127,156637,129],{},[38,156639,156641],{"className":40,"code":156640,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"User record has the expected number of values\n",[15,156642,156643],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156644,156645],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156646,156640],{"class":53},[373,156648,156650],{"id":156649},"looping-based-on-the-number-of-items","Looping based on the number of items",[38,156652,156654],{"className":40,"code":156653,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nfor i in range(len(letters)):\n    print(i, letters[i])\n",[15,156655,156656,156688,156692,156712],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156657,156658,156660,156662,156664,156666,156668,156670,156672,156674,156676,156678,156680,156682,156684,156686],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156659,36024],{"class":53},[47,156661,58],{"class":57},[47,156663,9169],{"class":77},[47,156665,309],{"class":151},[47,156667,360],{"class":155},[47,156669,309],{"class":151},[47,156671,668],{"class":77},[47,156673,303],{"class":151},[47,156675,4696],{"class":155},[47,156677,309],{"class":151},[47,156679,668],{"class":77},[47,156681,303],{"class":151},[47,156683,9671],{"class":155},[47,156685,309],{"class":151},[47,156687,85],{"class":77},[47,156689,156690],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,156691,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,156693,156694,156696,156698,156700,156702,156704,156706,156708,156710],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,156695,5892],{"class":3812},[47,156697,69475],{"class":53},[47,156699,3819],{"class":3812},[47,156701,53997],{"class":98},[47,156703,78],{"class":77},[47,156705,11095],{"class":98},[47,156707,78],{"class":77},[47,156709,36077],{"class":81},[47,156711,69490],{"class":77},[47,156713,156714,156716,156718,156720,156722,156724,156726,156728],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,156715,8000],{"class":98},[47,156717,78],{"class":77},[47,156719,36088],{"class":81},[47,156721,668],{"class":77},[47,156723,70023],{"class":81},[47,156725,736],{"class":77},[47,156727,36088],{"class":81},[47,156729,3825],{"class":77},[20,156731,156732],{},[127,156733,129],{},[38,156735,156736],{"className":40,"code":36100,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,156737,156738,156744,156750],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156739,156740,156742],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156741,2077],{"class":61},[47,156743,36109],{"class":53},[47,156745,156746,156748],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,156747,665],{"class":61},[47,156749,36116],{"class":53},[47,156751,156752,156754],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,156753,2016],{"class":61},[47,156755,36123],{"class":53},[20,156757,156758,156759,156761,156762,914],{},"If you want to access values by position, read ",[360,156760,149409],{"href":149408},". To work with parts of a tuple, see ",[360,156763,150653],{"href":150652},[33,156765,2775],{"id":2774},[20,156767,156768],{},"These are some common causes of confusion:",[185,156770,156771,156779,156786,156791],{},[188,156772,156773,156774,11025,156777],{},"Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple, such as writing ",[15,156775,156776],{},"(5)",[15,156778,149243],{},[188,156780,1335,156781,156783,156784],{},[15,156782,11095],{}," as a variable name and then trying to call ",[15,156785,42292],{},[188,156787,1400,156788,156790],{},[15,156789,42292],{}," to count characters across all tuple items",[188,156792,156793],{},"Passing a non-tuple value by mistake",[20,156795,32017],{},[38,156797,156799],{"className":40,"code":156798,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nhelp(len)\n",[15,156800,156801,156811,156825,156839],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156802,156803,156805,156807,156809],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156804,99],{"class":98},[47,156806,78],{"class":77},[47,156808,147754],{"class":81},[47,156810,85],{"class":77},[47,156812,156813,156815,156817,156819,156821,156823],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,156814,99],{"class":98},[47,156816,78],{"class":77},[47,156818,116],{"class":73},[47,156820,78],{"class":77},[47,156822,147754],{"class":81},[47,156824,123],{"class":77},[47,156826,156827,156829,156831,156833,156835,156837],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,156828,99],{"class":98},[47,156830,78],{"class":77},[47,156832,11095],{"class":98},[47,156834,78],{"class":77},[47,156836,147754],{"class":81},[47,156838,123],{"class":77},[47,156840,156841,156843,156845,156847],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,156842,32087],{"class":98},[47,156844,78],{"class":77},[47,156846,11095],{"class":98},[47,156848,85],{"class":77},[20,156850,154963],{},[185,156852,156853,156856,156859,156863],{},[188,156854,156855],{},"what value you are using",[188,156857,156858],{},"whether it is really a tuple",[188,156860,25952,156861,11639],{},[15,156862,42292],{},[188,156864,123127,156865,156867],{},[15,156866,42292],{}," is documented in Python",[33,156869,1762],{"id":1761},[373,156871,156873],{"id":156872},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-tuple-in-python","How do I get the length of a tuple in Python?",[20,156875,165,156876,156879],{},[15,156877,156878],{},"len(your_tuple)",". It returns the number of items in the tuple.",[373,156881,1776,156883,148913],{"id":156882},"does-len-change-the-tuple",[15,156884,42292],{},[20,156886,1815,156887,156889],{},[15,156888,42292],{}," only returns a count. It does not modify the tuple.",[373,156891,156893],{"id":156892},"what-is-the-length-of-an-empty-tuple","What is the length of an empty tuple?",[20,156895,156896,156897,914],{},"The length is ",[15,156898,2077],{},[373,156900,156902],{"id":156901},"how-do-i-make-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I make a tuple with one item?",[20,156904,150599,156905,156907],{},[15,156906,150602],{},". Without the comma, Python does not treat it as a one-item tuple.",[373,156909,1776,156911,156913],{"id":156910},"does-len-count-items-inside-nested-tuples",[15,156912,42292],{}," count items inside nested tuples?",[20,156915,156916],{},"It counts only the top-level items in the outer tuple.",[33,156918,1825],{"id":1824},[185,156920,156921,156927,156931,156935,156939],{},[188,156922,156923],{},[360,156924,13,156925,1834],{"href":42289},[15,156926,42292],{},[188,156928,156929],{},[360,156930,155828],{"href":147739},[188,156932,156933],{},[360,156934,149409],{"href":149408},[188,156936,156937],{},[360,156938,150653],{"href":150652},[188,156940,156941],{},[360,156942,156943],{"href":149039},"What is a tuple in Python",[1875,156945,156946],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":65,"depth":65,"links":156948},[156949,156950,156951,156958,156964,156973,156979,156980,156989],{"id":15096,"depth":65,"text":15097},{"id":244,"depth":65,"text":245},{"id":155316,"depth":65,"text":156952,"children":156953},"What len() returns for a tuple",[156954,156955,156956,156957],{"id":155328,"depth":88,"text":155329},{"id":155395,"depth":88,"text":155396},{"id":155440,"depth":88,"text":155441},{"id":155489,"depth":88,"text":155490},{"id":155578,"depth":65,"text":155579,"children":156959},[156960,156961,156962,156963],{"id":155582,"depth":88,"text":155583},{"id":155657,"depth":88,"text":155396},{"id":155699,"depth":88,"text":155700},{"id":155833,"depth":88,"text":155834},{"id":155917,"depth":65,"text":155918,"children":156965},[156966,156968,156970,156971],{"id":155921,"depth":88,"text":156967},"len() counts items, not characters inside strings",{"id":156059,"depth":88,"text":156969},"len() counts top-level tuple elements only",{"id":156135,"depth":88,"text":156136},{"id":156270,"depth":88,"text":156972},"len is a function name and should not be overwritten",{"id":156398,"depth":65,"text":156399,"children":156974},[156975,156976,156977,156978],{"id":156407,"depth":88,"text":156408},{"id":156480,"depth":88,"text":156481},{"id":156561,"depth":88,"text":156562},{"id":156649,"depth":88,"text":156650},{"id":2774,"depth":65,"text":2775},{"id":1761,"depth":65,"text":1762,"children":156981},[156982,156983,156985,156986,156987],{"id":156872,"depth":88,"text":156873},{"id":156882,"depth":88,"text":156984},"Does len() change the tuple?",{"id":156892,"depth":88,"text":156893},{"id":156901,"depth":88,"text":156902},{"id":156910,"depth":88,"text":156988},"Does len() count items inside nested tuples?",{"id":1824,"depth":65,"text":1825},"Master python tuple length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len",{"title":155100,"description":156990},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len","g9bXnSTfHR3GhI-V2fOG-ILQ3BF1aF8i67PNhSzLJFU",{"id":156997,"title":156998,"body":156999,"description":159384,"extension":1922,"meta":159385,"navigation":91,"path":159386,"seo":159387,"stem":159388,"__hash__":159389},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained.md","Python Tuple Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":157000,"toc":159345},[157001,157004,157007,157010,157033,157039,157041,157152,157156,157159,157169,157171,157270,157272,157349,157355,157359,157362,157385,157388,157405,157408,157410,157473,157475,157492,157503,157508,157510,157513,157519,157570,157572,157592,157596,157647,157649,157670,157674,157729,157731,157752,157756,157811,157813,157834,157838,157891,157893,157922,157924,157926,157929,157933,157990,157992,158013,158017,158070,158072,158097,158102,158106,158111,158129,158132,158195,158197,158218,158221,158282,158284,158305,158308,158351,158354,158358,158363,158367,158446,158448,158479,158483,158558,158560,158587,158591,158638,158640,158648,158653,158657,158660,158675,158677,158765,158767,158792,158795,158838,158847,158849,158852,158867,158870,158874,158928,158930,158950,158955,158959,158961,158999,159002,159052,159056,159129,159131,159168,159171,159173,159176,159196,159199,159268,159270,159283,159285,159289,159292,159296,159299,159304,159307,159313,159318,159320,159342],[10,157002,156998],{"id":157003},"python-tuple-slicing-explained",[20,157005,157006],{},"Tuple slicing lets you get part of a tuple by using square brackets and colons. It is a simple way to take a range of values, skip values with a step, or reverse a tuple.",[20,157008,157009],{},"Use this format:",[38,157011,157013],{"className":40,"code":157012,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,157014,157015],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,157016,157017,157019,157021,157023,157025,157027,157029,157031],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157018,48878],{"class":53},[47,157020,736],{"class":77},[47,157022,36006],{"class":53},[47,157024,2826],{"class":77},[47,157026,75350],{"class":53},[47,157028,2826],{"class":77},[47,157030,75353],{"class":53},[47,157032,679],{"class":77},[20,157034,1939,157035,75386,157037,914],{},[15,157036,75350],{},[127,157038,64996],{},[33,157040,36],{"id":35},[38,157042,157044],{"className":40,"code":157043,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # (20, 30, 40)\nprint(numbers[:3])    # (10, 20, 30)\nprint(numbers[::2])   # (10, 30, 50)\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,157045,157046,157074,157078,157099,157116,157133],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,157047,157048,157050,157052,157054,157056,157058,157060,157062,157064,157066,157068,157070,157072],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157049,3554],{"class":53},[47,157051,58],{"class":57},[47,157053,9169],{"class":77},[47,157055,193],{"class":61},[47,157057,668],{"class":77},[47,157059,7722],{"class":61},[47,157061,668],{"class":77},[47,157063,7727],{"class":61},[47,157065,668],{"class":77},[47,157067,50769],{"class":61},[47,157069,668],{"class":77},[47,157071,5015],{"class":61},[47,157073,85],{"class":77},[47,157075,157076],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,157077,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,157079,157080,157082,157084,157086,157088,157090,157092,157094,157096],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,157081,99],{"class":98},[47,157083,78],{"class":77},[47,157085,3584],{"class":81},[47,157087,736],{"class":77},[47,157089,665],{"class":61},[47,157091,2826],{"class":77},[47,157093,2451],{"class":61},[47,157095,20382],{"class":77},[47,157097,157098],{"class":1378},"   # (20, 30, 40)\n",[47,157100,157101,157103,157105,157107,157109,157111,157113],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,157102,99],{"class":98},[47,157104,78],{"class":77},[47,157106,3584],{"class":81},[47,157108,75459],{"class":77},[47,157110,2021],{"class":61},[47,157112,20382],{"class":77},[47,157114,157115],{"class":1378},"    # (10, 20, 30)\n",[47,157117,157118,157120,157122,157124,157126,157128,157130],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,157119,99],{"class":98},[47,157121,78],{"class":77},[47,157123,3584],{"class":81},[47,157125,74048],{"class":77},[47,157127,2016],{"class":61},[47,157129,20382],{"class":77},[47,157131,157132],{"class":1378},"   # (10, 30, 50)\n",[47,157134,157135,157137,157139,157141,157143,157145,157147,157149],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,157136,99],{"class":98},[47,157138,78],{"class":77},[47,157140,3584],{"class":81},[47,157142,74048],{"class":77},[47,157144,1981],{"class":57},[47,157146,665],{"class":61},[47,157148,20382],{"class":77},[47,157150,157151],{"class":1378},"  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[33,157153,157155],{"id":157154},"what-tuple-slicing-means","What tuple slicing means",[20,157157,157158],{},"Slicing gets part of a tuple.",[185,157160,157161,157163,157166],{},[188,157162,75653],{},[188,157164,157165],{},"The result is a new tuple",[188,157167,157168],{},"It does not change the original tuple",[20,157170,800],{},[38,157172,157174],{"className":40,"code":157173,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\")\n\npart = letters[1:4]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,157175,157176,157224,157228,157246,157250,157260],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,157177,157178,157180,157182,157184,157186,157188,157190,157192,157194,157196,157198,157200,157202,157204,157206,157208,157210,157212,157214,157216,157218,157220,157222],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157179,36024],{"class":53},[47,157181,58],{"class":57},[47,157183,9169],{"class":77},[47,157185,309],{"class":151},[47,157187,360],{"class":155},[47,157189,309],{"class":151},[47,157191,668],{"class":77},[47,157193,303],{"class":151},[47,157195,4696],{"class":155},[47,157197,309],{"class":151},[47,157199,668],{"class":77},[47,157201,303],{"class":151},[47,157203,9671],{"class":155},[47,157205,309],{"class":151},[47,157207,668],{"class":77},[47,157209,303],{"class":151},[47,157211,18703],{"class":155},[47,157213,309],{"class":151},[47,157215,668],{"class":77},[47,157217,303],{"class":151},[47,157219,60375],{"class":155},[47,157221,309],{"class":151},[47,157223,85],{"class":77},[47,157225,157226],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,157227,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,157229,157230,157232,157234,157236,157238,157240,157242,157244],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,157231,75583],{"class":53},[47,157233,58],{"class":57},[47,157235,70023],{"class":53},[47,157237,736],{"class":77},[47,157239,665],{"class":61},[47,157241,2826],{"class":77},[47,157243,2451],{"class":61},[47,157245,679],{"class":77},[47,157247,157248],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,157249,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,157251,157252,157254,157256,157258],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,157253,99],{"class":98},[47,157255,78],{"class":77},[47,157257,75606],{"class":81},[47,157259,85],{"class":77},[47,157261,157262,157264,157266,157268],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,157263,99],{"class":98},[47,157265,78],{"class":77},[47,157267,36077],{"class":81},[47,157269,85],{"class":77},[20,157271,129],{},[38,157273,157275],{"className":40,"code":157274,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"('b', 'c', 'd')\n('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e')\n",[15,157276,157277,157305],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,157278,157279,157281,157283,157285,157287,157289,157291,157293,157295,157297,157299,157301,157303],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157280,78],{"class":77},[47,157282,159],{"class":151},[47,157284,4696],{"class":155},[47,157286,159],{"class":151},[47,157288,668],{"class":77},[47,157290,152],{"class":151},[47,157292,9671],{"class":155},[47,157294,159],{"class":151},[47,157296,668],{"class":77},[47,157298,152],{"class":151},[47,157300,18703],{"class":155},[47,157302,159],{"class":151},[47,157304,85],{"class":77},[47,157306,157307,157309,157311,157313,157315,157317,157319,157321,157323,157325,157327,157329,157331,157333,157335,157337,157339,157341,157343,157345,157347],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,157308,78],{"class":77},[47,157310,159],{"class":151},[47,157312,360],{"class":155},[47,157314,159],{"class":151},[47,157316,668],{"class":77},[47,157318,152],{"class":151},[47,157320,4696],{"class":155},[47,157322,159],{"class":151},[47,157324,668],{"class":77},[47,157326,152],{"class":151},[47,157328,9671],{"class":155},[47,157330,159],{"class":151},[47,157332,668],{"class":77},[47,157334,152],{"class":151},[47,157336,18703],{"class":155},[47,157338,159],{"class":151},[47,157340,668],{"class":77},[47,157342,152],{"class":151},[47,157344,60375],{"class":155},[47,157346,159],{"class":151},[47,157348,85],{"class":77},[20,157350,157351,157352,914],{},"The original tuple stays the same because tuples are immutable. If you are new to tuples, see ",[360,157353,147736],{"href":157354},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained",[33,157356,157358],{"id":157357},"basic-slice-syntax","Basic slice syntax",[20,157360,157361],{},"The full syntax is:",[38,157363,157365],{"className":40,"code":157364,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,157366,157367],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,157368,157369,157371,157373,157375,157377,157379,157381,157383],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157370,147754],{"class":53},[47,157372,736],{"class":77},[47,157374,36006],{"class":53},[47,157376,2826],{"class":77},[47,157378,75350],{"class":53},[47,157380,2826],{"class":77},[47,157382,75353],{"class":53},[47,157384,679],{"class":77},[20,157386,157387],{},"Each part has a job:",[185,157389,157390,157395,157400],{},[188,157391,157392,157394],{},[15,157393,36006],{},": where slicing begins",[188,157396,157397,157399],{},[15,157398,75350],{},": where slicing ends, but that index is not included",[188,157401,157402,157404],{},[15,157403,75353],{},": how many positions to move each time",[20,157406,157407],{},"All three parts are optional.",[20,157409,800],{},[38,157411,157413],{"className":40,"code":157412,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:5:2])\n",[15,157414,157415,157447,157451],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,157416,157417,157419,157421,157423,157425,157427,157429,157431,157433,157435,157437,157439,157441,157443,157445],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157418,3554],{"class":53},[47,157420,58],{"class":57},[47,157422,9169],{"class":77},[47,157424,193],{"class":61},[47,157426,668],{"class":77},[47,157428,7722],{"class":61},[47,157430,668],{"class":77},[47,157432,7727],{"class":61},[47,157434,668],{"class":77},[47,157436,50769],{"class":61},[47,157438,668],{"class":77},[47,157440,5015],{"class":61},[47,157442,668],{"class":77},[47,157444,76024],{"class":61},[47,157446,85],{"class":77},[47,157448,157449],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,157450,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,157452,157453,157455,157457,157459,157461,157463,157465,157467,157469,157471],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,157454,99],{"class":98},[47,157456,78],{"class":77},[47,157458,3584],{"class":81},[47,157460,736],{"class":77},[47,157462,665],{"class":61},[47,157464,2826],{"class":77},[47,157466,2094],{"class":61},[47,157468,2826],{"class":77},[47,157470,2016],{"class":61},[47,157472,3825],{"class":77},[20,157474,129],{},[38,157476,157478],{"className":40,"code":157477,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(20, 40)\n",[15,157479,157480],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,157481,157482,157484,157486,157488,157490],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157483,78],{"class":77},[47,157485,15689],{"class":61},[47,157487,668],{"class":77},[47,157489,50769],{"class":61},[47,157491,85],{"class":77},[20,157493,157494,157495,157497,157498,157500,157501,914],{},"This starts at index ",[15,157496,665],{},", stops before index ",[15,157499,2094],{},", and moves by ",[15,157502,2016],{},[20,157504,157505,157506,914],{},"If you need a refresher on getting a single value, read ",[360,157507,149409],{"href":152835},[33,157509,75940],{"id":75939},[20,157511,157512],{},"These are the most common tuple slice patterns you will use.",[373,157514,157516,157517,5900],{"id":157515},"get-the-first-n-items","Get the first ",[15,157518,75954],{},[38,157520,157522],{"className":40,"code":157521,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:3])\n",[15,157523,157524,157552,157556],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,157525,157526,157528,157530,157532,157534,157536,157538,157540,157542,157544,157546,157548,157550],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157527,3554],{"class":53},[47,157529,58],{"class":57},[47,157531,9169],{"class":77},[47,157533,193],{"class":61},[47,157535,668],{"class":77},[47,157537,7722],{"class":61},[47,157539,668],{"class":77},[47,157541,7727],{"class":61},[47,157543,668],{"class":77},[47,157545,50769],{"class":61},[47,157547,668],{"class":77},[47,157549,5015],{"class":61},[47,157551,85],{"class":77},[47,157553,157554],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,157555,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,157557,157558,157560,157562,157564,157566,157568],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,157559,99],{"class":98},[47,157561,78],{"class":77},[47,157563,3584],{"class":81},[47,157565,75459],{"class":77},[47,157567,2021],{"class":61},[47,157569,3825],{"class":77},[20,157571,129],{},[38,157573,157574],{"className":40,"code":151101,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,157575,157576],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,157577,157578,157580,157582,157584,157586,157588,157590],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157579,78],{"class":77},[47,157581,193],{"class":61},[47,157583,668],{"class":77},[47,157585,7722],{"class":61},[47,157587,668],{"class":77},[47,157589,7727],{"class":61},[47,157591,85],{"class":77},[373,157593,157595],{"id":157594},"get-items-from-an-index-to-the-end","Get items from an index to the end",[38,157597,157599],{"className":40,"code":157598,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[2:])\n",[15,157600,157601,157629,157633],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,157602,157603,157605,157607,157609,157611,157613,157615,157617,157619,157621,157623,157625,157627],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157604,3554],{"class":53},[47,157606,58],{"class":57},[47,157608,9169],{"class":77},[47,157610,193],{"class":61},[47,157612,668],{"class":77},[47,157614,7722],{"class":61},[47,157616,668],{"class":77},[47,157618,7727],{"class":61},[47,157620,668],{"class":77},[47,157622,50769],{"class":61},[47,157624,668],{"class":77},[47,157626,5015],{"class":61},[47,157628,85],{"class":77},[47,157630,157631],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,157632,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,157634,157635,157637,157639,157641,157643,157645],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,157636,99],{"class":98},[47,157638,78],{"class":77},[47,157640,3584],{"class":81},[47,157642,736],{"class":77},[47,157644,2016],{"class":61},[47,157646,77640],{"class":77},[20,157648,129],{},[38,157650,157652],{"className":40,"code":157651,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(30, 40, 50)\n",[15,157653,157654],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,157655,157656,157658,157660,157662,157664,157666,157668],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157657,78],{"class":77},[47,157659,36775],{"class":61},[47,157661,668],{"class":77},[47,157663,50769],{"class":61},[47,157665,668],{"class":77},[47,157667,5015],{"class":61},[47,157669,85],{"class":77},[373,157671,157673],{"id":157672},"get-a-range-of-items","Get a range of items",[38,157675,157677],{"className":40,"code":157676,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,157678,157679,157707,157711],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,157680,157681,157683,157685,157687,157689,157691,157693,157695,157697,157699,157701,157703,157705],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157682,3554],{"class":53},[47,157684,58],{"class":57},[47,157686,9169],{"class":77},[47,157688,193],{"class":61},[47,157690,668],{"class":77},[47,157692,7722],{"class":61},[47,157694,668],{"class":77},[47,157696,7727],{"class":61},[47,157698,668],{"class":77},[47,157700,50769],{"class":61},[47,157702,668],{"class":77},[47,157704,5015],{"class":61},[47,157706,85],{"class":77},[47,157708,157709],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,157710,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,157712,157713,157715,157717,157719,157721,157723,157725,157727],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,157714,99],{"class":98},[47,157716,78],{"class":77},[47,157718,3584],{"class":81},[47,157720,736],{"class":77},[47,157722,665],{"class":61},[47,157724,2826],{"class":77},[47,157726,2451],{"class":61},[47,157728,3825],{"class":77},[20,157730,129],{},[38,157732,157734],{"className":40,"code":157733,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(20, 30, 40)\n",[15,157735,157736],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,157737,157738,157740,157742,157744,157746,157748,157750],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157739,78],{"class":77},[47,157741,15689],{"class":61},[47,157743,668],{"class":77},[47,157745,7727],{"class":61},[47,157747,668],{"class":77},[47,157749,50769],{"class":61},[47,157751,85],{"class":77},[373,157753,157755],{"id":157754},"get-every-second-item","Get every second item",[38,157757,157759],{"className":40,"code":157758,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[::2])\n",[15,157760,157761,157793,157797],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,157762,157763,157765,157767,157769,157771,157773,157775,157777,157779,157781,157783,157785,157787,157789,157791],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157764,3554],{"class":53},[47,157766,58],{"class":57},[47,157768,9169],{"class":77},[47,157770,193],{"class":61},[47,157772,668],{"class":77},[47,157774,7722],{"class":61},[47,157776,668],{"class":77},[47,157778,7727],{"class":61},[47,157780,668],{"class":77},[47,157782,50769],{"class":61},[47,157784,668],{"class":77},[47,157786,5015],{"class":61},[47,157788,668],{"class":77},[47,157790,76024],{"class":61},[47,157792,85],{"class":77},[47,157794,157795],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,157796,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,157798,157799,157801,157803,157805,157807,157809],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,157800,99],{"class":98},[47,157802,78],{"class":77},[47,157804,3584],{"class":81},[47,157806,74048],{"class":77},[47,157808,2016],{"class":61},[47,157810,3825],{"class":77},[20,157812,129],{},[38,157814,157816],{"className":40,"code":157815,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(10, 30, 50)\n",[15,157817,157818],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,157819,157820,157822,157824,157826,157828,157830,157832],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157821,78],{"class":77},[47,157823,193],{"class":61},[47,157825,668],{"class":77},[47,157827,7727],{"class":61},[47,157829,668],{"class":77},[47,157831,5015],{"class":61},[47,157833,85],{"class":77},[373,157835,157837],{"id":157836},"reverse-a-tuple","Reverse a tuple",[38,157839,157841],{"className":40,"code":157840,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[::-1])\n",[15,157842,157843,157871,157875],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,157844,157845,157847,157849,157851,157853,157855,157857,157859,157861,157863,157865,157867,157869],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157846,3554],{"class":53},[47,157848,58],{"class":57},[47,157850,9169],{"class":77},[47,157852,193],{"class":61},[47,157854,668],{"class":77},[47,157856,7722],{"class":61},[47,157858,668],{"class":77},[47,157860,7727],{"class":61},[47,157862,668],{"class":77},[47,157864,50769],{"class":61},[47,157866,668],{"class":77},[47,157868,5015],{"class":61},[47,157870,85],{"class":77},[47,157872,157873],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,157874,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,157876,157877,157879,157881,157883,157885,157887,157889],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,157878,99],{"class":98},[47,157880,78],{"class":77},[47,157882,3584],{"class":81},[47,157884,74048],{"class":77},[47,157886,1981],{"class":57},[47,157888,665],{"class":61},[47,157890,3825],{"class":77},[20,157892,129],{},[38,157894,157896],{"className":40,"code":157895,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,157897,157898],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,157899,157900,157902,157904,157906,157908,157910,157912,157914,157916,157918,157920],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157901,78],{"class":77},[47,157903,76718],{"class":61},[47,157905,668],{"class":77},[47,157907,50769],{"class":61},[47,157909,668],{"class":77},[47,157911,7727],{"class":61},[47,157913,668],{"class":77},[47,157915,7722],{"class":61},[47,157917,668],{"class":77},[47,157919,5939],{"class":61},[47,157921,85],{"class":77},[33,157923,76234],{"id":76233},[20,157925,154108],{},[20,157927,157928],{},"This is useful when you want values near the end without calculating the tuple length first.",[373,157930,157932],{"id":157931},"get-the-last-3-items","Get the last 3 items",[38,157934,157936],{"className":40,"code":157935,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[-3:])\n",[15,157937,157938,157970,157974],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,157939,157940,157942,157944,157946,157948,157950,157952,157954,157956,157958,157960,157962,157964,157966,157968],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157941,3554],{"class":53},[47,157943,58],{"class":57},[47,157945,9169],{"class":77},[47,157947,193],{"class":61},[47,157949,668],{"class":77},[47,157951,7722],{"class":61},[47,157953,668],{"class":77},[47,157955,7727],{"class":61},[47,157957,668],{"class":77},[47,157959,50769],{"class":61},[47,157961,668],{"class":77},[47,157963,5015],{"class":61},[47,157965,668],{"class":77},[47,157967,76024],{"class":61},[47,157969,85],{"class":77},[47,157971,157972],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,157973,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,157975,157976,157978,157980,157982,157984,157986,157988],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,157977,99],{"class":98},[47,157979,78],{"class":77},[47,157981,3584],{"class":81},[47,157983,736],{"class":77},[47,157985,1981],{"class":57},[47,157987,2021],{"class":61},[47,157989,77640],{"class":77},[20,157991,129],{},[38,157993,157995],{"className":40,"code":157994,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(40, 50, 60)\n",[15,157996,157997],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,157998,157999,158001,158003,158005,158007,158009,158011],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158000,78],{"class":77},[47,158002,56620],{"class":61},[47,158004,668],{"class":77},[47,158006,5015],{"class":61},[47,158008,668],{"class":77},[47,158010,76024],{"class":61},[47,158012,85],{"class":77},[373,158014,158016],{"id":158015},"get-everything-except-the-last-item","Get everything except the last item",[38,158018,158020],{"className":40,"code":158019,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:-1])\n",[15,158021,158022,158050,158054],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158023,158024,158026,158028,158030,158032,158034,158036,158038,158040,158042,158044,158046,158048],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158025,3554],{"class":53},[47,158027,58],{"class":57},[47,158029,9169],{"class":77},[47,158031,193],{"class":61},[47,158033,668],{"class":77},[47,158035,7722],{"class":61},[47,158037,668],{"class":77},[47,158039,7727],{"class":61},[47,158041,668],{"class":77},[47,158043,50769],{"class":61},[47,158045,668],{"class":77},[47,158047,5015],{"class":61},[47,158049,85],{"class":77},[47,158051,158052],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,158053,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,158055,158056,158058,158060,158062,158064,158066,158068],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,158057,99],{"class":98},[47,158059,78],{"class":77},[47,158061,3584],{"class":81},[47,158063,75459],{"class":77},[47,158065,1981],{"class":57},[47,158067,665],{"class":61},[47,158069,3825],{"class":77},[20,158071,129],{},[38,158073,158075],{"className":40,"code":158074,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,158076,158077],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158078,158079,158081,158083,158085,158087,158089,158091,158093,158095],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158080,78],{"class":77},[47,158082,193],{"class":61},[47,158084,668],{"class":77},[47,158086,7722],{"class":61},[47,158088,668],{"class":77},[47,158090,7727],{"class":61},[47,158092,668],{"class":77},[47,158094,50769],{"class":61},[47,158096,85],{"class":77},[20,158098,158099,158100,914],{},"Negative values are especially helpful when the tuple size may change. If you want to check the size first, see ",[360,158101,150658],{"href":156992},[33,158103,158105],{"id":158104},"step-values-and-reversing","Step values and reversing",[20,158107,1939,158108,158110],{},[15,158109,75353],{}," value controls how slicing moves.",[185,158112,158113,158115,158117,158123],{},[188,158114,76490],{},[188,158116,76493],{},[188,158118,158119,158122],{},[15,158120,158121],{},"tuple[::-1]"," is a common way to reverse a tuple",[188,158124,158125,158126,158128],{},"A step of ",[15,158127,2077],{}," is not allowed",[20,158130,158131],{},"Example with a positive step:",[38,158133,158135],{"className":40,"code":158134,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:6:2])\n",[15,158136,158137,158169,158173],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158138,158139,158141,158143,158145,158147,158149,158151,158153,158155,158157,158159,158161,158163,158165,158167],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158140,3554],{"class":53},[47,158142,58],{"class":57},[47,158144,9169],{"class":77},[47,158146,193],{"class":61},[47,158148,668],{"class":77},[47,158150,7722],{"class":61},[47,158152,668],{"class":77},[47,158154,7727],{"class":61},[47,158156,668],{"class":77},[47,158158,50769],{"class":61},[47,158160,668],{"class":77},[47,158162,5015],{"class":61},[47,158164,668],{"class":77},[47,158166,76024],{"class":61},[47,158168,85],{"class":77},[47,158170,158171],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,158172,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,158174,158175,158177,158179,158181,158183,158185,158187,158189,158191,158193],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,158176,99],{"class":98},[47,158178,78],{"class":77},[47,158180,3584],{"class":81},[47,158182,736],{"class":77},[47,158184,665],{"class":61},[47,158186,2826],{"class":77},[47,158188,80518],{"class":61},[47,158190,2826],{"class":77},[47,158192,2016],{"class":61},[47,158194,3825],{"class":77},[20,158196,129],{},[38,158198,158200],{"className":40,"code":158199,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(20, 40, 60)\n",[15,158201,158202],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158203,158204,158206,158208,158210,158212,158214,158216],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158205,78],{"class":77},[47,158207,15689],{"class":61},[47,158209,668],{"class":77},[47,158211,50769],{"class":61},[47,158213,668],{"class":77},[47,158215,76024],{"class":61},[47,158217,85],{"class":77},[20,158219,158220],{},"Example with a negative step:",[38,158222,158224],{"className":40,"code":158223,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])\n",[15,158225,158226,158254,158258],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158227,158228,158230,158232,158234,158236,158238,158240,158242,158244,158246,158248,158250,158252],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158229,3554],{"class":53},[47,158231,58],{"class":57},[47,158233,9169],{"class":77},[47,158235,193],{"class":61},[47,158237,668],{"class":77},[47,158239,7722],{"class":61},[47,158241,668],{"class":77},[47,158243,7727],{"class":61},[47,158245,668],{"class":77},[47,158247,50769],{"class":61},[47,158249,668],{"class":77},[47,158251,5015],{"class":61},[47,158253,85],{"class":77},[47,158255,158256],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,158257,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,158259,158260,158262,158264,158266,158268,158270,158272,158274,158276,158278,158280],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,158261,99],{"class":98},[47,158263,78],{"class":77},[47,158265,3584],{"class":81},[47,158267,736],{"class":77},[47,158269,2451],{"class":61},[47,158271,2826],{"class":77},[47,158273,665],{"class":61},[47,158275,2826],{"class":77},[47,158277,1981],{"class":57},[47,158279,665],{"class":61},[47,158281,3825],{"class":77},[20,158283,129],{},[38,158285,158287],{"className":40,"code":158286,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(50, 40, 30)\n",[15,158288,158289],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158290,158291,158293,158295,158297,158299,158301,158303],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158292,78],{"class":77},[47,158294,76718],{"class":61},[47,158296,668],{"class":77},[47,158298,50769],{"class":61},[47,158300,668],{"class":77},[47,158302,7727],{"class":61},[47,158304,85],{"class":77},[20,158306,158307],{},"Be careful with this invalid slice:",[38,158309,158311],{"className":40,"code":158310,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,158312,158313,158333,158337],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158314,158315,158317,158319,158321,158323,158325,158327,158329,158331],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158316,3554],{"class":53},[47,158318,58],{"class":57},[47,158320,9169],{"class":77},[47,158322,193],{"class":61},[47,158324,668],{"class":77},[47,158326,7722],{"class":61},[47,158328,668],{"class":77},[47,158330,7727],{"class":61},[47,158332,85],{"class":77},[47,158334,158335],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,158336,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,158338,158339,158341,158343,158345,158347,158349],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,158340,99],{"class":98},[47,158342,78],{"class":77},[47,158344,3584],{"class":81},[47,158346,74048],{"class":77},[47,158348,2077],{"class":61},[47,158350,3825],{"class":77},[20,158352,158353],{},"This raises an error because the step cannot be zero.",[33,158355,158357],{"id":158356},"what-slicing-returns","What slicing returns",[20,158359,158360,158361,33675],{},"A tuple slice returns a ",[127,158362,48878],{},[373,158364,158366],{"id":158365},"a-normal-slice-returns-a-tuple","A normal slice returns a tuple",[38,158368,158370],{"className":40,"code":158369,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nresult = numbers[1:3]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,158371,158372,158396,158400,158418,158422,158432],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158373,158374,158376,158378,158380,158382,158384,158386,158388,158390,158392,158394],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158375,3554],{"class":53},[47,158377,58],{"class":57},[47,158379,9169],{"class":77},[47,158381,193],{"class":61},[47,158383,668],{"class":77},[47,158385,7722],{"class":61},[47,158387,668],{"class":77},[47,158389,7727],{"class":61},[47,158391,668],{"class":77},[47,158393,50769],{"class":61},[47,158395,85],{"class":77},[47,158397,158398],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,158399,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,158401,158402,158404,158406,158408,158410,158412,158414,158416],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,158403,2184],{"class":53},[47,158405,58],{"class":57},[47,158407,4198],{"class":53},[47,158409,736],{"class":77},[47,158411,665],{"class":61},[47,158413,2826],{"class":77},[47,158415,2021],{"class":61},[47,158417,679],{"class":77},[47,158419,158420],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,158421,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,158423,158424,158426,158428,158430],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,158425,99],{"class":98},[47,158427,78],{"class":77},[47,158429,2218],{"class":81},[47,158431,85],{"class":77},[47,158433,158434,158436,158438,158440,158442,158444],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,158435,99],{"class":98},[47,158437,78],{"class":77},[47,158439,116],{"class":73},[47,158441,78],{"class":77},[47,158443,2218],{"class":81},[47,158445,123],{"class":77},[20,158447,129],{},[38,158449,158451],{"className":40,"code":158450,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(20, 30)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,158452,158453,158465],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158454,158455,158457,158459,158461,158463],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158456,78],{"class":77},[47,158458,15689],{"class":61},[47,158460,668],{"class":77},[47,158462,7727],{"class":61},[47,158464,85],{"class":77},[47,158466,158467,158469,158471,158473,158475,158477],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,158468,144],{"class":57},[47,158470,148],{"class":147},[47,158472,152],{"class":151},[47,158474,48878],{"class":155},[47,158476,159],{"class":151},[47,158478,162],{"class":57},[373,158480,158482],{"id":158481},"a-one-item-slice-is-still-a-tuple","A one-item slice is still a tuple",[38,158484,158486],{"className":40,"code":158485,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nresult = numbers[1:2]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,158487,158488,158508,158512,158530,158534,158544],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158489,158490,158492,158494,158496,158498,158500,158502,158504,158506],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158491,3554],{"class":53},[47,158493,58],{"class":57},[47,158495,9169],{"class":77},[47,158497,193],{"class":61},[47,158499,668],{"class":77},[47,158501,7722],{"class":61},[47,158503,668],{"class":77},[47,158505,7727],{"class":61},[47,158507,85],{"class":77},[47,158509,158510],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,158511,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,158513,158514,158516,158518,158520,158522,158524,158526,158528],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,158515,2184],{"class":53},[47,158517,58],{"class":57},[47,158519,4198],{"class":53},[47,158521,736],{"class":77},[47,158523,665],{"class":61},[47,158525,2826],{"class":77},[47,158527,2016],{"class":61},[47,158529,679],{"class":77},[47,158531,158532],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,158533,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,158535,158536,158538,158540,158542],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,158537,99],{"class":98},[47,158539,78],{"class":77},[47,158541,2218],{"class":81},[47,158543,85],{"class":77},[47,158545,158546,158548,158550,158552,158554,158556],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,158547,99],{"class":98},[47,158549,78],{"class":77},[47,158551,116],{"class":73},[47,158553,78],{"class":77},[47,158555,2218],{"class":81},[47,158557,123],{"class":77},[20,158559,129],{},[38,158561,158563],{"className":40,"code":158562,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(20,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,158564,158565,158573],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158566,158567,158569,158571],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158568,78],{"class":77},[47,158570,15689],{"class":61},[47,158572,149092],{"class":77},[47,158574,158575,158577,158579,158581,158583,158585],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,158576,144],{"class":57},[47,158578,148],{"class":147},[47,158580,152],{"class":151},[47,158582,48878],{"class":155},[47,158584,159],{"class":151},[47,158586,162],{"class":57},[373,158588,158590],{"id":158589},"an-empty-slice-returns-an-empty-tuple","An empty slice returns an empty tuple",[38,158592,158594],{"className":40,"code":158593,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5:8])\n",[15,158595,158596,158616,158620],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158597,158598,158600,158602,158604,158606,158608,158610,158612,158614],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158599,3554],{"class":53},[47,158601,58],{"class":57},[47,158603,9169],{"class":77},[47,158605,193],{"class":61},[47,158607,668],{"class":77},[47,158609,7722],{"class":61},[47,158611,668],{"class":77},[47,158613,7727],{"class":61},[47,158615,85],{"class":77},[47,158617,158618],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,158619,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,158621,158622,158624,158626,158628,158630,158632,158634,158636],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,158623,99],{"class":98},[47,158625,78],{"class":77},[47,158627,3584],{"class":81},[47,158629,736],{"class":77},[47,158631,2094],{"class":61},[47,158633,2826],{"class":77},[47,158635,2295],{"class":61},[47,158637,3825],{"class":77},[20,158639,129],{},[38,158641,158642],{"className":40,"code":8574,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,158643,158644],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158645,158646],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158647,8574],{"class":77},[20,158649,158650,158651,914],{},"If you need help creating tuples correctly, including one-item tuples, see ",[360,158652,155828],{"href":150715},[33,158654,158656],{"id":158655},"tuple-slicing-vs-tuple-indexing","Tuple slicing vs tuple indexing",[20,158658,158659],{},"Slicing and indexing are related, but they are not the same.",[185,158661,158662,158664,158667,158672],{},[188,158663,76799],{},[188,158665,158666],{},"Slicing gets multiple items or a range",[188,158668,158669,158670],{},"Indexing can raise ",[15,158671,70658],{},[188,158673,158674],{},"Slicing usually returns an empty tuple if the range does not match",[20,158676,800],{},[38,158678,158680],{"className":40,"code":158679,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[1])    # one item\nprint(numbers[1:5])  # slice\nprint(numbers[5:8])  # empty slice\n",[15,158681,158682,158702,158706,158723,158744],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158683,158684,158686,158688,158690,158692,158694,158696,158698,158700],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158685,3554],{"class":53},[47,158687,58],{"class":57},[47,158689,9169],{"class":77},[47,158691,193],{"class":61},[47,158693,668],{"class":77},[47,158695,7722],{"class":61},[47,158697,668],{"class":77},[47,158699,7727],{"class":61},[47,158701,85],{"class":77},[47,158703,158704],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,158705,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,158707,158708,158710,158712,158714,158716,158718,158720],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,158709,99],{"class":98},[47,158711,78],{"class":77},[47,158713,3584],{"class":81},[47,158715,736],{"class":77},[47,158717,665],{"class":61},[47,158719,20382],{"class":77},[47,158721,158722],{"class":1378},"    # one item\n",[47,158724,158725,158727,158729,158731,158733,158735,158737,158739,158741],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,158726,99],{"class":98},[47,158728,78],{"class":77},[47,158730,3584],{"class":81},[47,158732,736],{"class":77},[47,158734,665],{"class":61},[47,158736,2826],{"class":77},[47,158738,2094],{"class":61},[47,158740,20382],{"class":77},[47,158742,158743],{"class":1378},"  # slice\n",[47,158745,158746,158748,158750,158752,158754,158756,158758,158760,158762],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,158747,99],{"class":98},[47,158749,78],{"class":77},[47,158751,3584],{"class":81},[47,158753,736],{"class":77},[47,158755,2094],{"class":61},[47,158757,2826],{"class":77},[47,158759,2295],{"class":61},[47,158761,20382],{"class":77},[47,158763,158764],{"class":1378},"  # empty slice\n",[20,158766,129],{},[38,158768,158770],{"className":40,"code":158769,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"20\n(20, 30)\n()\n",[15,158771,158772,158776,158788],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158773,158774],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158775,71151],{"class":61},[47,158777,158778,158780,158782,158784,158786],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,158779,78],{"class":77},[47,158781,15689],{"class":61},[47,158783,668],{"class":77},[47,158785,7727],{"class":61},[47,158787,85],{"class":77},[47,158789,158790],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,158791,8574],{"class":77},[20,158793,158794],{},"Now compare that with invalid indexing:",[38,158796,158798],{"className":40,"code":158797,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,158799,158800,158820,158824],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158801,158802,158804,158806,158808,158810,158812,158814,158816,158818],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158803,3554],{"class":53},[47,158805,58],{"class":57},[47,158807,9169],{"class":77},[47,158809,193],{"class":61},[47,158811,668],{"class":77},[47,158813,7722],{"class":61},[47,158815,668],{"class":77},[47,158817,7727],{"class":61},[47,158819,85],{"class":77},[47,158821,158822],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,158823,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,158825,158826,158828,158830,158832,158834,158836],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,158827,99],{"class":98},[47,158829,78],{"class":77},[47,158831,3584],{"class":81},[47,158833,736],{"class":77},[47,158835,2094],{"class":61},[47,158837,3825],{"class":77},[20,158839,158840,158841,158843,158844,914],{},"This raises an ",[15,158842,70658],{},". If you run into that problem, read ",[360,158845,154581],{"href":158846},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix",[33,158848,15111],{"id":77066},[20,158850,158851],{},"These are the most common tuple slicing mistakes:",[185,158853,158854,158857,158859,158862],{},[188,158855,158856],{},"Thinking the stop index is included",[188,158858,60620],{},[188,158860,158861],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original tuple",[188,158863,158864,158865],{},"Forgetting that step cannot be ",[15,158866,2077],{},[20,158868,158869],{},"Here are a few examples.",[373,158871,158873],{"id":158872},"mistake-thinking-the-stop-index-is-included","Mistake: thinking the stop index is included",[38,158875,158876],{"className":40,"code":157676,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,158877,158878,158906,158910],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158879,158880,158882,158884,158886,158888,158890,158892,158894,158896,158898,158900,158902,158904],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158881,3554],{"class":53},[47,158883,58],{"class":57},[47,158885,9169],{"class":77},[47,158887,193],{"class":61},[47,158889,668],{"class":77},[47,158891,7722],{"class":61},[47,158893,668],{"class":77},[47,158895,7727],{"class":61},[47,158897,668],{"class":77},[47,158899,50769],{"class":61},[47,158901,668],{"class":77},[47,158903,5015],{"class":61},[47,158905,85],{"class":77},[47,158907,158908],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,158909,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,158911,158912,158914,158916,158918,158920,158922,158924,158926],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,158913,99],{"class":98},[47,158915,78],{"class":77},[47,158917,3584],{"class":81},[47,158919,736],{"class":77},[47,158921,665],{"class":61},[47,158923,2826],{"class":77},[47,158925,2451],{"class":61},[47,158927,3825],{"class":77},[20,158929,129],{},[38,158931,158932],{"className":40,"code":157733,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,158933,158934],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158935,158936,158938,158940,158942,158944,158946,158948],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158937,78],{"class":77},[47,158939,15689],{"class":61},[47,158941,668],{"class":77},[47,158943,7727],{"class":61},[47,158945,668],{"class":77},[47,158947,50769],{"class":61},[47,158949,85],{"class":77},[20,158951,132160,158952,158954],{},[15,158953,2451],{}," is not included.",[373,158956,158958],{"id":158957},"mistake-using-parentheses","Mistake: using parentheses",[20,158960,4460],{},[38,158962,158964],{"className":40,"code":158963,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\n# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[15,158965,158966,158990,158994],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158967,158968,158970,158972,158974,158976,158978,158980,158982,158984,158986,158988],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158969,3554],{"class":53},[47,158971,58],{"class":57},[47,158973,9169],{"class":77},[47,158975,193],{"class":61},[47,158977,668],{"class":77},[47,158979,7722],{"class":61},[47,158981,668],{"class":77},[47,158983,7727],{"class":61},[47,158985,668],{"class":77},[47,158987,50769],{"class":61},[47,158989,85],{"class":77},[47,158991,158992],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,158993,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,158995,158996],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,158997,158998],{"class":1378},"# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[20,159000,159001],{},"Use square brackets instead:",[38,159003,159004],{"className":40,"code":154661,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,159005,159006,159030,159034],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,159007,159008,159010,159012,159014,159016,159018,159020,159022,159024,159026,159028],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,159009,3554],{"class":53},[47,159011,58],{"class":57},[47,159013,9169],{"class":77},[47,159015,193],{"class":61},[47,159017,668],{"class":77},[47,159019,7722],{"class":61},[47,159021,668],{"class":77},[47,159023,7727],{"class":61},[47,159025,668],{"class":77},[47,159027,50769],{"class":61},[47,159029,85],{"class":77},[47,159031,159032],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,159033,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,159035,159036,159038,159040,159042,159044,159046,159048,159050],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,159037,99],{"class":98},[47,159039,78],{"class":77},[47,159041,3584],{"class":81},[47,159043,736],{"class":77},[47,159045,665],{"class":61},[47,159047,2826],{"class":77},[47,159049,2021],{"class":61},[47,159051,3825],{"class":77},[373,159053,159055],{"id":159054},"mistake-expecting-the-original-tuple-to-change","Mistake: expecting the original tuple to change",[38,159057,159059],{"className":40,"code":159058,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nslice_result = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(slice_result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,159060,159061,159085,159089,159104,159108,159119],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,159062,159063,159065,159067,159069,159071,159073,159075,159077,159079,159081,159083],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,159064,3554],{"class":53},[47,159066,58],{"class":57},[47,159068,9169],{"class":77},[47,159070,193],{"class":61},[47,159072,668],{"class":77},[47,159074,7722],{"class":61},[47,159076,668],{"class":77},[47,159078,7727],{"class":61},[47,159080,668],{"class":77},[47,159082,50769],{"class":61},[47,159084,85],{"class":77},[47,159086,159087],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,159088,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,159090,159091,159094,159096,159098,159100,159102],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,159092,159093],{"class":53},"slice_result ",[47,159095,58],{"class":57},[47,159097,4198],{"class":53},[47,159099,75459],{"class":77},[47,159101,2016],{"class":61},[47,159103,679],{"class":77},[47,159105,159106],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,159107,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,159109,159110,159112,159114,159117],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,159111,99],{"class":98},[47,159113,78],{"class":77},[47,159115,159116],{"class":81},"slice_result",[47,159118,85],{"class":77},[47,159120,159121,159123,159125,159127],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,159122,99],{"class":98},[47,159124,78],{"class":77},[47,159126,3584],{"class":81},[47,159128,85],{"class":77},[20,159130,129],{},[38,159132,159134],{"className":40,"code":159133,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(10, 20)\n(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,159135,159136,159148],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,159137,159138,159140,159142,159144,159146],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,159139,78],{"class":77},[47,159141,193],{"class":61},[47,159143,668],{"class":77},[47,159145,7722],{"class":61},[47,159147,85],{"class":77},[47,159149,159150,159152,159154,159156,159158,159160,159162,159164,159166],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,159151,78],{"class":77},[47,159153,193],{"class":61},[47,159155,668],{"class":77},[47,159157,7722],{"class":61},[47,159159,668],{"class":77},[47,159161,7727],{"class":61},[47,159163,668],{"class":77},[47,159165,50769],{"class":61},[47,159167,85],{"class":77},[20,159169,159170],{},"The original tuple is unchanged.",[33,159172,1623],{"id":1622},[20,159174,159175],{},"Many tuple slicing problems come from a few simple misunderstandings:",[185,159177,159178,159181,159184,159190,159193],{},[188,159179,159180],{},"Confusing slicing with indexing",[188,159182,159183],{},"Expecting the stop index to be included",[188,159185,159186,159187],{},"Using a zero step like ",[15,159188,159189],{},"tuple[::0]",[188,159191,159192],{},"Assuming tuple slices return a list",[188,159194,159195],{},"Using parentheses instead of brackets",[20,159197,159198],{},"If your slice is not giving the result you expect, print the tuple, the slice, and its type.",[38,159200,159202],{"className":40,"code":159201,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple[1:4])\nprint(type(my_tuple[1:4]))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,159203,159204,159214,159232,159254],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,159205,159206,159208,159210,159212],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,159207,99],{"class":98},[47,159209,78],{"class":77},[47,159211,147754],{"class":81},[47,159213,85],{"class":77},[47,159215,159216,159218,159220,159222,159224,159226,159228,159230],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,159217,99],{"class":98},[47,159219,78],{"class":77},[47,159221,147754],{"class":81},[47,159223,736],{"class":77},[47,159225,665],{"class":61},[47,159227,2826],{"class":77},[47,159229,2451],{"class":61},[47,159231,3825],{"class":77},[47,159233,159234,159236,159238,159240,159242,159244,159246,159248,159250,159252],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,159235,99],{"class":98},[47,159237,78],{"class":77},[47,159239,116],{"class":73},[47,159241,78],{"class":77},[47,159243,147754],{"class":81},[47,159245,736],{"class":77},[47,159247,665],{"class":61},[47,159249,2826],{"class":77},[47,159251,2451],{"class":61},[47,159253,2941],{"class":77},[47,159255,159256,159258,159260,159262,159264,159266],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,159257,99],{"class":98},[47,159259,78],{"class":77},[47,159261,11095],{"class":98},[47,159263,78],{"class":77},[47,159265,147754],{"class":81},[47,159267,123],{"class":77},[20,159269,11104],{},[185,159271,159272,159274,159277,159280],{},[188,159273,154968],{},[188,159275,159276],{},"what the slice actually returns",[188,159278,159279],{},"that the result is a tuple",[188,159281,159282],{},"how many items are in the original tuple",[33,159284,1762],{"id":1761},[373,159286,159288],{"id":159287},"does-tuple-slicing-change-the-original-tuple","Does tuple slicing change the original tuple?",[20,159290,159291],{},"No. It returns a new tuple and leaves the original tuple unchanged.",[373,159293,159295],{"id":159294},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-tuple-slice","Is the stop index included in a tuple slice?",[20,159297,159298],{},"No. The stop index is excluded.",[373,159300,1766,159302,39896],{"id":159301},"what-does-tuple-1-do",[15,159303,158121],{},[20,159305,159306],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the tuple.",[373,159308,159310,159311,1812],{"id":159309},"can-tuple-slicing-cause-an-indexerror","Can tuple slicing cause an ",[15,159312,70658],{},[20,159314,159315,159316,914],{},"Normal slicing usually does not. Invalid indexing is more likely to cause ",[15,159317,70658],{},[33,159319,1825],{"id":1824},[185,159321,159322,159326,159330,159334,159338],{},[188,159323,159324],{},[360,159325,155828],{"href":150715},[188,159327,159328],{},[360,159329,149409],{"href":152835},[188,159331,159332],{},[360,159333,150658],{"href":156992},[188,159335,159336],{},[360,159337,147736],{"href":157354},[188,159339,159340],{},[360,159341,154581],{"href":158846},[1875,159343,159344],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":65,"depth":65,"links":159346},[159347,159348,159349,159350,159358,159362,159363,159368,159369,159374,159375,159383],{"id":35,"depth":65,"text":36},{"id":157154,"depth":65,"text":157155},{"id":157357,"depth":65,"text":157358},{"id":75939,"depth":65,"text":75940,"children":159351},[159352,159354,159355,159356,159357],{"id":157515,"depth":88,"text":159353},"Get the first n items",{"id":157594,"depth":88,"text":157595},{"id":157672,"depth":88,"text":157673},{"id":157754,"depth":88,"text":157755},{"id":157836,"depth":88,"text":157837},{"id":76233,"depth":65,"text":76234,"children":159359},[159360,159361],{"id":157931,"depth":88,"text":157932},{"id":158015,"depth":88,"text":158016},{"id":158104,"depth":65,"text":158105},{"id":158356,"depth":65,"text":158357,"children":159364},[159365,159366,159367],{"id":158365,"depth":88,"text":158366},{"id":158481,"depth":88,"text":158482},{"id":158589,"depth":88,"text":158590},{"id":158655,"depth":65,"text":158656},{"id":77066,"depth":65,"text":15111,"children":159370},[159371,159372,159373],{"id":158872,"depth":88,"text":158873},{"id":158957,"depth":88,"text":158958},{"id":159054,"depth":88,"text":159055},{"id":1622,"depth":65,"text":1623},{"id":1761,"depth":65,"text":1762,"children":159376},[159377,159378,159379,159381],{"id":159287,"depth":88,"text":159288},{"id":159294,"depth":88,"text":159295},{"id":159301,"depth":88,"text":159380},"What does tuple[::-1] do?",{"id":159309,"depth":88,"text":159382},"Can tuple slicing cause an IndexError?",{"id":1824,"depth":65,"text":1825},"Master python tuple slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained",{"title":156998,"description":159384},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained","ROkj949_3FkekNafMx2xqeTKvYABAUil42nCZh0Pr8s",{"id":159391,"title":159392,"body":159393,"description":161216,"extension":1922,"meta":161217,"navigation":91,"path":34741,"seo":161218,"stem":161219,"__hash__":161220},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained.md","Python type() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":159394,"toc":161182},[159395,159400,159405,159409,159427,159430,159445,159451,159453,159510,159512,159544,159556,159562,159567,159570,159605,159611,159613,159616,159630,159633,159635,159658,159660,159678,159681,159697,159699,159702,159815,159817,159906,159909,159914,159920,159923,159926,160025,160027,160086,160091,160094,160163,160167,160199,160215,160220,160227,160234,160246,160248,160297,160299,160322,160328,160376,160381,160388,160396,160402,160405,160429,160432,160434,160510,160512,160537,160543,160546,160551,160555,160569,160571,160634,160636,160668,160671,160687,160689,160695,160702,160704,160723,160725,160743,160750,160755,160762,160764,160801,160804,160811,160815,160818,160876,160879,160882,160937,160939,160951,160957,160959,160963,160996,161003,161005,161068,161071,161073,161078,161092,161099,161107,161116,161125,161131,161137,161139,161179],[10,159396,13,159398,18],{"id":159397},"python-type-function-explained",[15,159399,365],{},[20,159401,22,159402,159404],{},[15,159403,365],{}," function tells you what kind of value an object is.",[20,159406,62694,159407,104486],{},[15,159408,365],{},[185,159410,159411,159414,159417,159420],{},[188,159412,159413],{},"check whether a value is a string, number, list, or dictionary",[188,159415,159416],{},"understand what a variable currently contains",[188,159418,159419],{},"debug confusing code",[188,159421,159422,159423],{},"inspect values returned by functions such as ",[360,159424,159425],{"href":8151},[15,159426,2900],{},[20,159428,159429],{},"In most beginner code, you will use the one-argument form:",[38,159431,159433],{"className":40,"code":159432,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"type(object)\n",[15,159434,159435],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,159436,159437,159439,159441,159443],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,159438,116],{"class":73},[47,159440,78],{"class":77},[47,159442,262],{"class":73},[47,159444,85],{"class":77},[20,159446,159447,159448,159450],{},"Python also has a three-argument form of ",[15,159449,365],{},", but that is an advanced feature for creating classes dynamically.",[33,159452,3544],{"id":3543},[38,159454,159456],{"className":40,"code":159455,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(type(name))\n\nnumber = 10\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,159457,159458,159470,159484,159488,159496],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,159459,159460,159462,159464,159466,159468],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,159461,810],{"class":53},[47,159463,58],{"class":57},[47,159465,303],{"class":151},[47,159467,4938],{"class":155},[47,159469,820],{"class":151},[47,159471,159472,159474,159476,159478,159480,159482],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,159473,99],{"class":98},[47,159475,78],{"class":77},[47,159477,116],{"class":73},[47,159479,78],{"class":77},[47,159481,7601],{"class":81},[47,159483,123],{"class":77},[47,159485,159486],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,159487,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,159489,159490,159492,159494],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,159491,386],{"class":53},[47,159493,58],{"class":57},[47,159495,391],{"class":61},[47,159497,159498,159500,159502,159504,159506,159508],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,159499,99],{"class":98},[47,159501,78],{"class":77},[47,159503,116],{"class":73},[47,159505,78],{"class":77},[47,159507,404],{"class":81},[47,159509,123],{"class":77},[20,159511,129],{},[38,159513,159514],{"className":40,"code":124821,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,159515,159516,159530],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,159517,159518,159520,159522,159524,159526,159528],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,159519,144],{"class":57},[47,159521,148],{"class":147},[47,159523,152],{"class":151},[47,159525,156],{"class":155},[47,159527,159],{"class":151},[47,159529,162],{"class":57},[47,159531,159532,159534,159536,159538,159540,159542],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,159533,144],{"class":57},[47,159535,148],{"class":147},[47,159537,152],{"class":151},[47,159539,1050],{"class":155},[47,159541,159],{"class":151},[47,159543,162],{"class":57},[20,159545,165,159546,159549,159550,4329,159553,914],{},[15,159547,159548],{},"type(value)"," to see the type of a value or variable. Output will look like ",[15,159551,159552],{},"\u003Cclass 'str'>",[15,159554,159555],{},"\u003Cclass 'int'>",[33,159557,12930,159559,159561],{"id":159558},"what-the-type-function-does",[15,159560,365],{}," function does",[20,159563,159564,159566],{},[15,159565,365],{}," returns the type of an object.",[20,159568,159569],{},"A type tells you what kind of value something is. For example:",[185,159571,159572,159577,159582,159587,159592,159597],{},[188,159573,159574,159576],{},[15,159575,156],{}," for text",[188,159578,159579,159581],{},[15,159580,1050],{}," for whole numbers",[188,159583,159584,159586],{},[15,159585,1755],{}," for decimal numbers",[188,159588,159589,159591],{},[15,159590,8025],{}," for lists",[188,159593,159594,159596],{},[15,159595,8753],{}," for dictionaries",[188,159598,159599,69022,159601,4329,159603],{},[15,159600,3803],{},[15,159602,212],{},[15,159604,3609],{},[20,159606,159607,159608,159610],{},"This is especially useful while debugging. If your code is behaving strangely, ",[15,159609,365],{}," can help you confirm what kind of value you are actually working with.",[33,159612,245],{"id":244},[20,159614,159615],{},"The main beginner form is:",[38,159617,159618],{"className":40,"code":159432,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,159619,159620],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,159621,159622,159624,159626,159628],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,159623,116],{"class":73},[47,159625,78],{"class":77},[47,159627,262],{"class":73},[47,159629,85],{"class":77},[20,159631,159632],{},"It returns the class of the object.",[20,159634,800],{},[38,159636,159638],{"className":40,"code":159637,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(type(\"hello\"))\n",[15,159639,159640],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,159641,159642,159644,159646,159648,159650,159652,159654,159656],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,159643,99],{"class":98},[47,159645,78],{"class":77},[47,159647,116],{"class":73},[47,159649,78],{"class":77},[47,159651,309],{"class":151},[47,159653,3781],{"class":155},[47,159655,309],{"class":151},[47,159657,123],{"class":77},[20,159659,129],{},[38,159661,159662],{"className":40,"code":45701,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,159663,159664],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,159665,159666,159668,159670,159672,159674,159676],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,159667,144],{"class":57},[47,159669,148],{"class":147},[47,159671,152],{"class":151},[47,159673,156],{"class":155},[47,159675,159],{"class":151},[47,159677,162],{"class":57},[20,159679,159680],{},"You can pass either:",[185,159682,159683,159690],{},[188,159684,159685,159686,1389,159688],{},"a literal value such as ",[15,159687,64462],{},[15,159689,46454],{},[188,159691,159692,159693,1389,159695],{},"a variable such as ",[15,159694,7601],{},[15,159696,82],{},[33,159698,371],{"id":370},[20,159700,159701],{},"Here are a few common examples.",[38,159703,159705],{"className":40,"code":159704,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(type(\"hello\"))\nprint(type(10))\nprint(type(3.14))\nprint(type([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(type({\"name\": \"Alice\"}))\nprint(type(True))\n",[15,159706,159707,159725,159739,159753,159775,159801],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,159708,159709,159711,159713,159715,159717,159719,159721,159723],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,159710,99],{"class":98},[47,159712,78],{"class":77},[47,159714,116],{"class":73},[47,159716,78],{"class":77},[47,159718,309],{"class":151},[47,159720,3781],{"class":155},[47,159722,309],{"class":151},[47,159724,123],{"class":77},[47,159726,159727,159729,159731,159733,159735,159737],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,159728,99],{"class":98},[47,159730,78],{"class":77},[47,159732,116],{"class":73},[47,159734,78],{"class":77},[47,159736,193],{"class":61},[47,159738,123],{"class":77},[47,159740,159741,159743,159745,159747,159749,159751],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,159742,99],{"class":98},[47,159744,78],{"class":77},[47,159746,116],{"class":73},[47,159748,78],{"class":77},[47,159750,203],{"class":61},[47,159752,123],{"class":77},[47,159754,159755,159757,159759,159761,159763,159765,159767,159769,159771,159773],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,159756,99],{"class":98},[47,159758,78],{"class":77},[47,159760,116],{"class":73},[47,159762,2928],{"class":77},[47,159764,665],{"class":61},[47,159766,668],{"class":77},[47,159768,671],{"class":61},[47,159770,668],{"class":77},[47,159772,676],{"class":61},[47,159774,2941],{"class":77},[47,159776,159777,159779,159781,159783,159785,159787,159789,159791,159793,159795,159797,159799],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,159778,99],{"class":98},[47,159780,78],{"class":77},[47,159782,116],{"class":73},[47,159784,5463],{"class":77},[47,159786,309],{"class":151},[47,159788,7601],{"class":155},[47,159790,309],{"class":151},[47,159792,2826],{"class":77},[47,159794,303],{"class":151},[47,159796,4938],{"class":155},[47,159798,309],{"class":151},[47,159800,5472],{"class":77},[47,159802,159803,159805,159807,159809,159811,159813],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,159804,99],{"class":98},[47,159806,78],{"class":77},[47,159808,116],{"class":73},[47,159810,78],{"class":77},[47,159812,212],{"class":571},[47,159814,123],{"class":77},[20,159816,129],{},[38,159818,159820],{"className":40,"code":159819,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'bool'>\n",[15,159821,159822,159836,159850,159864,159878,159892],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,159823,159824,159826,159828,159830,159832,159834],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,159825,144],{"class":57},[47,159827,148],{"class":147},[47,159829,152],{"class":151},[47,159831,156],{"class":155},[47,159833,159],{"class":151},[47,159835,162],{"class":57},[47,159837,159838,159840,159842,159844,159846,159848],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,159839,144],{"class":57},[47,159841,148],{"class":147},[47,159843,152],{"class":151},[47,159845,1050],{"class":155},[47,159847,159],{"class":151},[47,159849,162],{"class":57},[47,159851,159852,159854,159856,159858,159860,159862],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,159853,144],{"class":57},[47,159855,148],{"class":147},[47,159857,152],{"class":151},[47,159859,1755],{"class":155},[47,159861,159],{"class":151},[47,159863,162],{"class":57},[47,159865,159866,159868,159870,159872,159874,159876],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,159867,144],{"class":57},[47,159869,148],{"class":147},[47,159871,152],{"class":151},[47,159873,8025],{"class":155},[47,159875,159],{"class":151},[47,159877,162],{"class":57},[47,159879,159880,159882,159884,159886,159888,159890],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,159881,144],{"class":57},[47,159883,148],{"class":147},[47,159885,152],{"class":151},[47,159887,8753],{"class":155},[47,159889,159],{"class":151},[47,159891,162],{"class":57},[47,159893,159894,159896,159898,159900,159902,159904],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,159895,144],{"class":57},[47,159897,148],{"class":147},[47,159899,152],{"class":151},[47,159901,3803],{"class":155},[47,159903,159],{"class":151},[47,159905,162],{"class":57},[20,159907,159908],{},"These results show the exact type of each value.",[20,159910,159911,159912,914],{},"If you are still learning Python data types, see ",[360,159913,44729],{"href":48903},[33,159915,1335,159917,159919],{"id":159916},"using-type-with-variables",[15,159918,365],{}," with variables",[20,159921,159922],{},"In Python, variables do not have one fixed type forever.",[20,159924,159925],{},"A variable can point to different kinds of values at different times.",[38,159927,159929],{"className":40,"code":159928,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 10\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = \"ten\"\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = [10]\nprint(value, type(value))\n",[15,159930,159931,159939,159957,159961,159973,159991,159995,160007],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,159932,159933,159935,159937],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,159934,566],{"class":53},[47,159936,58],{"class":57},[47,159938,391],{"class":61},[47,159940,159941,159943,159945,159947,159949,159951,159953,159955],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,159942,99],{"class":98},[47,159944,78],{"class":77},[47,159946,585],{"class":81},[47,159948,668],{"class":77},[47,159950,49315],{"class":73},[47,159952,78],{"class":77},[47,159954,585],{"class":81},[47,159956,123],{"class":77},[47,159958,159959],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,159960,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,159962,159963,159965,159967,159969,159971],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,159964,566],{"class":53},[47,159966,58],{"class":57},[47,159968,303],{"class":151},[47,159970,45838],{"class":155},[47,159972,820],{"class":151},[47,159974,159975,159977,159979,159981,159983,159985,159987,159989],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,159976,99],{"class":98},[47,159978,78],{"class":77},[47,159980,585],{"class":81},[47,159982,668],{"class":77},[47,159984,49315],{"class":73},[47,159986,78],{"class":77},[47,159988,585],{"class":81},[47,159990,123],{"class":77},[47,159992,159993],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,159994,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,159996,159997,159999,160001,160003,160005],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,159998,566],{"class":53},[47,160000,58],{"class":57},[47,160002,662],{"class":77},[47,160004,193],{"class":61},[47,160006,679],{"class":77},[47,160008,160009,160011,160013,160015,160017,160019,160021,160023],{"class":49,"line":1734},[47,160010,99],{"class":98},[47,160012,78],{"class":77},[47,160014,585],{"class":81},[47,160016,668],{"class":77},[47,160018,49315],{"class":73},[47,160020,78],{"class":77},[47,160022,585],{"class":81},[47,160024,123],{"class":77},[20,160026,129],{},[38,160028,160030],{"className":40,"code":160029,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"10 \u003Cclass 'int'>\nten \u003Cclass 'str'>\n[10] \u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,160031,160032,160049,160066],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,160033,160034,160036,160039,160041,160043,160045,160047],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,160035,193],{"class":61},[47,160037,160038],{"class":57}," \u003C",[47,160040,148],{"class":147},[47,160042,152],{"class":151},[47,160044,1050],{"class":155},[47,160046,159],{"class":151},[47,160048,162],{"class":57},[47,160050,160051,160054,160056,160058,160060,160062,160064],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,160052,160053],{"class":53},"ten ",[47,160055,144],{"class":57},[47,160057,148],{"class":147},[47,160059,152],{"class":151},[47,160061,156],{"class":155},[47,160063,159],{"class":151},[47,160065,162],{"class":57},[47,160067,160068,160070,160072,160074,160076,160078,160080,160082,160084],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,160069,736],{"class":77},[47,160071,193],{"class":61},[47,160073,13208],{"class":77},[47,160075,160038],{"class":57},[47,160077,148],{"class":147},[47,160079,152],{"class":151},[47,160081,8025],{"class":155},[47,160083,159],{"class":151},[47,160085,162],{"class":57},[20,160087,160088,160090],{},[15,160089,365],{}," shows the current type of the value stored in the variable.",[20,160092,160093],{},"This is helpful when values come from user input or conversions.",[38,160095,160097],{"className":40,"code":160096,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"user_input = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(user_input))\n\nconverted = int(user_input)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,160098,160099,160117,160131,160135,160149],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,160100,160101,160103,160105,160107,160109,160111,160113,160115],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,160102,3330],{"class":53},[47,160104,58],{"class":57},[47,160106,8173],{"class":98},[47,160108,78],{"class":77},[47,160110,309],{"class":151},[47,160112,41805],{"class":155},[47,160114,309],{"class":151},[47,160116,85],{"class":77},[47,160118,160119,160121,160123,160125,160127,160129],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,160120,99],{"class":98},[47,160122,78],{"class":77},[47,160124,116],{"class":73},[47,160126,78],{"class":77},[47,160128,3356],{"class":81},[47,160130,123],{"class":77},[47,160132,160133],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,160134,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,160136,160137,160139,160141,160143,160145,160147],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,160138,1552],{"class":53},[47,160140,58],{"class":57},[47,160142,45207],{"class":73},[47,160144,78],{"class":77},[47,160146,3356],{"class":81},[47,160148,85],{"class":77},[47,160150,160151,160153,160155,160157,160159,160161],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,160152,99],{"class":98},[47,160154,78],{"class":77},[47,160156,116],{"class":73},[47,160158,78],{"class":77},[47,160160,1575],{"class":81},[47,160162,123],{"class":77},[20,160164,41054,160165,41058],{},[15,160166,9126],{},[38,160168,160169],{"className":40,"code":124821,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,160170,160171,160185],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,160172,160173,160175,160177,160179,160181,160183],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,160174,144],{"class":57},[47,160176,148],{"class":147},[47,160178,152],{"class":151},[47,160180,156],{"class":155},[47,160182,159],{"class":151},[47,160184,162],{"class":57},[47,160186,160187,160189,160191,160193,160195,160197],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,160188,144],{"class":57},[47,160190,148],{"class":147},[47,160192,152],{"class":151},[47,160194,1050],{"class":155},[47,160196,159],{"class":151},[47,160198,162],{"class":57},[20,160200,45634,160201,160205,160206,1389,160210,160214],{},[360,160202,160203],{"href":8151},[15,160204,2900],{}," always returns a string. You must convert it with a function like ",[360,160207,160208],{"href":1385},[15,160209,1388],{},[360,160211,160212],{"href":1392},[15,160213,1395],{}," if you need a number.",[20,160216,160217,160218,914],{},"For a step-by-step guide, see ",[360,160219,8913],{"href":8912},[33,160221,160223,920,160225],{"id":160222},"type-vs-isinstance",[15,160224,365],{},[15,160226,44737],{},[20,160228,160229,4329,160231,160233],{},[15,160230,365],{},[15,160232,44737],{}," are related, but they do different jobs.",[185,160235,160236,160241],{},[188,160237,160238,160240],{},[15,160239,365],{}," tells you the exact type",[188,160242,160243,160245],{},[15,160244,44737],{}," checks whether a value matches a type",[20,160247,800],{},[38,160249,160251],{"className":40,"code":160250,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,160252,160253,160261,160265,160279],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,160254,160255,160257,160259],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,160256,566],{"class":53},[47,160258,58],{"class":57},[47,160260,34775],{"class":61},[47,160262,160263],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,160264,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,160266,160267,160269,160271,160273,160275,160277],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,160268,99],{"class":98},[47,160270,78],{"class":77},[47,160272,116],{"class":73},[47,160274,78],{"class":77},[47,160276,585],{"class":81},[47,160278,123],{"class":77},[47,160280,160281,160283,160285,160287,160289,160291,160293,160295],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,160282,99],{"class":98},[47,160284,78],{"class":77},[47,160286,48801],{"class":98},[47,160288,78],{"class":77},[47,160290,585],{"class":81},[47,160292,668],{"class":77},[47,160294,45207],{"class":73},[47,160296,123],{"class":77},[20,160298,129],{},[38,160300,160302],{"className":40,"code":160301,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\nTrue\n",[15,160303,160304,160318],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,160305,160306,160308,160310,160312,160314,160316],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,160307,144],{"class":57},[47,160309,148],{"class":147},[47,160311,152],{"class":151},[47,160313,1050],{"class":155},[47,160315,159],{"class":151},[47,160317,162],{"class":57},[47,160319,160320],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,160321,629],{"class":571},[20,160323,160324,160325,160327],{},"For many beginner condition checks, ",[15,160326,44737],{}," is more practical.",[38,160329,160331],{"className":40,"code":160330,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 5\n\nif isinstance(value, int):\n    print(\"This is an integer\")\n",[15,160332,160333,160341,160345,160361],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,160334,160335,160337,160339],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,160336,566],{"class":53},[47,160338,58],{"class":57},[47,160340,34775],{"class":61},[47,160342,160343],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,160344,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,160346,160347,160349,160351,160353,160355,160357,160359],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,160348,6930],{"class":3812},[47,160350,49538],{"class":98},[47,160352,78],{"class":77},[47,160354,585],{"class":81},[47,160356,668],{"class":77},[47,160358,45207],{"class":73},[47,160360,8273],{"class":77},[47,160362,160363,160365,160367,160369,160372,160374],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,160364,8000],{"class":98},[47,160366,78],{"class":77},[47,160368,309],{"class":151},[47,160370,160371],{"class":155},"This is an integer",[47,160373,309],{"class":151},[47,160375,85],{"class":77},[20,160377,165,160378,160380],{},[15,160379,365],{}," when you want to inspect or print the exact type.",[20,160382,165,160383,160385,160386,7105],{},[15,160384,44737],{}," when you want to check a type inside logic such as ",[15,160387,6930],{},[20,160389,160390,160391,914],{},"See the dedicated guide for more detail: ",[360,160392,13,160394,1834],{"href":160393},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained\u002F",[15,160395,44737],{},[33,160397,160399,160400],{"id":160398},"the-three-argument-form-of-type","The three-argument form of ",[15,160401,365],{},[20,160403,160404],{},"Python also supports this advanced form:",[38,160406,160408],{"className":40,"code":160407,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"type(name, bases, dict)\n",[15,160409,160410],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,160411,160412,160414,160416,160418,160420,160423,160425,160427],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,160413,116],{"class":73},[47,160415,78],{"class":77},[47,160417,7601],{"class":81},[47,160419,668],{"class":77},[47,160421,160422],{"class":81}," bases",[47,160424,668],{"class":77},[47,160426,9103],{"class":73},[47,160428,85],{"class":77},[20,160430,160431],{},"This creates a new class dynamically.",[20,160433,800],{},[38,160435,160437],{"className":40,"code":160436,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Person = type(\"Person\", (), {\"species\": \"human\"})\n\nprint(Person)\nprint(Person.species)\n",[15,160438,160439,160482,160486,160496],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,160440,160441,160444,160446,160448,160450,160452,160455,160457,160459,160462,160464,160466,160469,160471,160473,160475,160478,160480],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,160442,160443],{"class":53},"Person ",[47,160445,58],{"class":57},[47,160447,49315],{"class":73},[47,160449,78],{"class":77},[47,160451,309],{"class":151},[47,160453,160454],{"class":155},"Person",[47,160456,309],{"class":151},[47,160458,668],{"class":77},[47,160460,160461],{"class":77}," (),",[47,160463,10423],{"class":77},[47,160465,309],{"class":151},[47,160467,160468],{"class":155},"species",[47,160470,309],{"class":151},[47,160472,2826],{"class":77},[47,160474,303],{"class":151},[47,160476,160477],{"class":155},"human",[47,160479,309],{"class":151},[47,160481,30430],{"class":77},[47,160483,160484],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,160485,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,160487,160488,160490,160492,160494],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,160489,99],{"class":98},[47,160491,78],{"class":77},[47,160493,160454],{"class":81},[47,160495,85],{"class":77},[47,160497,160498,160500,160502,160504,160506,160508],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,160499,99],{"class":98},[47,160501,78],{"class":77},[47,160503,160454],{"class":81},[47,160505,914],{"class":77},[47,160507,160468],{"class":24685},[47,160509,85],{"class":77},[20,160511,129],{},[38,160513,160515],{"className":40,"code":160514,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass '__main__.Person'>\nhuman\n",[15,160516,160517,160532],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,160518,160519,160521,160523,160525,160528,160530],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,160520,144],{"class":57},[47,160522,148],{"class":147},[47,160524,152],{"class":151},[47,160526,160527],{"class":155},"__main__.Person",[47,160529,159],{"class":151},[47,160531,162],{"class":57},[47,160533,160534],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,160535,160536],{"class":53},"human\n",[20,160538,160539,160540,160542],{},"Most beginners do ",[127,160541,768],{}," need this form.",[20,160544,160545],{},"It is mainly used in advanced Python code involving classes and metaprogramming. For everyday learning and debugging, the one-argument form is the important one.",[33,160547,773,160549],{"id":160548},"when-to-use-type",[15,160550,365],{},[20,160552,160553,12378],{},[15,160554,365],{},[185,160556,160557,160560,160563,160566],{},[188,160558,160559],{},"debug unexpected values",[188,160561,160562],{},"check what a conversion produced",[188,160564,160565],{},"learn Python data types",[188,160567,160568],{},"inspect objects while reading examples",[20,160570,5405],{},[38,160572,160574],{"className":40,"code":160573,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,160575,160576,160588,160602,160606,160620],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,160577,160578,160580,160582,160584,160586],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,160579,68],{"class":53},[47,160581,58],{"class":57},[47,160583,303],{"class":151},[47,160585,50171],{"class":155},[47,160587,820],{"class":151},[47,160589,160590,160592,160594,160596,160598,160600],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,160591,386],{"class":53},[47,160593,58],{"class":57},[47,160595,45207],{"class":73},[47,160597,78],{"class":77},[47,160599,104],{"class":81},[47,160601,85],{"class":77},[47,160603,160604],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,160605,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,160607,160608,160610,160612,160614,160616,160618],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,160609,99],{"class":98},[47,160611,78],{"class":77},[47,160613,116],{"class":73},[47,160615,78],{"class":77},[47,160617,104],{"class":81},[47,160619,123],{"class":77},[47,160621,160622,160624,160626,160628,160630,160632],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,160623,99],{"class":98},[47,160625,78],{"class":77},[47,160627,116],{"class":73},[47,160629,78],{"class":77},[47,160631,404],{"class":81},[47,160633,123],{"class":77},[20,160635,129],{},[38,160637,160638],{"className":40,"code":124821,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,160639,160640,160654],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,160641,160642,160644,160646,160648,160650,160652],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,160643,144],{"class":57},[47,160645,148],{"class":147},[47,160647,152],{"class":151},[47,160649,156],{"class":155},[47,160651,159],{"class":151},[47,160653,162],{"class":57},[47,160655,160656,160658,160660,160662,160664,160666],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,160657,144],{"class":57},[47,160659,148],{"class":147},[47,160661,152],{"class":151},[47,160663,1050],{"class":155},[47,160665,159],{"class":151},[47,160667,162],{"class":57},[20,160669,160670],{},"This helps you see the difference between text and numbers clearly.",[20,160672,160673,160674,1752,160678,17008,160682,160686],{},"If you need to convert values after checking them, functions like ",[360,160675,160676],{"href":42107},[15,160677,17],{},[360,160679,160680],{"href":1385},[15,160681,1388],{},[360,160683,160684],{"href":1392},[15,160685,1395],{}," are often the next step.",[33,160688,25292],{"id":25291},[20,160690,160691,160692,160694],{},"A few things about ",[15,160693,365],{}," often confuse beginners.",[373,160696,160698,160701],{"id":160697},"type5-does-not-return-plain-text",[15,160699,160700],{},"type(5)"," does not return plain text",[20,160703,1407],{},[38,160705,160707],{"className":40,"code":160706,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(type(5))\n",[15,160708,160709],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,160710,160711,160713,160715,160717,160719,160721],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,160712,99],{"class":98},[47,160714,78],{"class":77},[47,160716,116],{"class":73},[47,160718,78],{"class":77},[47,160720,2094],{"class":61},[47,160722,123],{"class":77},[20,160724,1464],{},[38,160726,160727],{"className":40,"code":156176,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,160728,160729],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,160730,160731,160733,160735,160737,160739,160741],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,160732,144],{"class":57},[47,160734,148],{"class":147},[47,160736,152],{"class":151},[47,160738,1050],{"class":155},[47,160740,159],{"class":151},[47,160742,162],{"class":57},[20,160744,40839,160745,160747,160748,914],{},[127,160746,768],{}," print just ",[15,160749,1050],{},[20,160751,6610,160752,160754],{},[15,160753,365],{}," returns a class object.",[373,160756,160758,2346,160760],{"id":160757},"input-returns-str",[15,160759,2900],{},[15,160761,156],{},[20,160763,79466],{},[38,160765,160767],{"className":40,"code":160766,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,160768,160769,160787],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,160770,160771,160773,160775,160777,160779,160781,160783,160785],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,160772,566],{"class":53},[47,160774,58],{"class":57},[47,160776,8173],{"class":98},[47,160778,78],{"class":77},[47,160780,309],{"class":151},[47,160782,46241],{"class":155},[47,160784,309],{"class":151},[47,160786,85],{"class":77},[47,160788,160789,160791,160793,160795,160797,160799],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,160790,99],{"class":98},[47,160792,78],{"class":77},[47,160794,116],{"class":73},[47,160796,78],{"class":77},[47,160798,585],{"class":81},[47,160800,123],{"class":77},[20,160802,160803],{},"No matter what the user types, the result is a string unless you convert it.",[20,160805,160806,160807,1389,160809,914],{},"If you need a number, use ",[15,160808,1388],{},[15,160810,1395],{},[373,160812,160814],{"id":160813},"comparing-type-names-as-strings-is-usually-not-the-best-idea","Comparing type names as strings is usually not the best idea",[20,160816,160817],{},"Avoid code like this:",[38,160819,160821],{"className":40,"code":160820,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 5\n\nif str(type(value)) == \"\u003Cclass 'int'>\":\n    print(\"It is an int\")\n",[15,160822,160823,160831,160835,160861],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,160824,160825,160827,160829],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,160826,566],{"class":53},[47,160828,58],{"class":57},[47,160830,34775],{"class":61},[47,160832,160833],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,160834,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,160836,160837,160839,160841,160843,160845,160847,160849,160851,160853,160855,160857,160859],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,160838,6930],{"class":3812},[47,160840,74],{"class":73},[47,160842,78],{"class":77},[47,160844,116],{"class":73},[47,160846,78],{"class":77},[47,160848,585],{"class":81},[47,160850,5294],{"class":77},[47,160852,6344],{"class":57},[47,160854,303],{"class":151},[47,160856,159555],{"class":155},[47,160858,309],{"class":151},[47,160860,6329],{"class":77},[47,160862,160863,160865,160867,160869,160872,160874],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,160864,8000],{"class":98},[47,160866,78],{"class":77},[47,160868,309],{"class":151},[47,160870,160871],{"class":155},"It is an int",[47,160873,309],{"class":151},[47,160875,85],{"class":77},[20,160877,160878],{},"This works, but it is not a good approach.",[20,160880,160881],{},"Better options:",[38,160883,160885],{"className":40,"code":160884,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value) == int)\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,160886,160887,160895,160899,160919],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,160888,160889,160891,160893],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,160890,566],{"class":53},[47,160892,58],{"class":57},[47,160894,34775],{"class":61},[47,160896,160897],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,160898,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,160900,160901,160903,160905,160907,160909,160911,160913,160915,160917],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,160902,99],{"class":98},[47,160904,78],{"class":77},[47,160906,116],{"class":73},[47,160908,78],{"class":77},[47,160910,585],{"class":81},[47,160912,862],{"class":77},[47,160914,6344],{"class":57},[47,160916,45207],{"class":73},[47,160918,85],{"class":77},[47,160920,160921,160923,160925,160927,160929,160931,160933,160935],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,160922,99],{"class":98},[47,160924,78],{"class":77},[47,160926,48801],{"class":98},[47,160928,78],{"class":77},[47,160930,585],{"class":81},[47,160932,668],{"class":77},[47,160934,45207],{"class":73},[47,160936,123],{"class":77},[20,160938,129],{},[38,160940,160941],{"className":40,"code":4441,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,160942,160943,160947],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,160944,160945],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,160946,629],{"class":571},[47,160948,160949],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,160950,629],{"class":571},[20,160952,160953,160954,160956],{},"In most real code, ",[15,160955,44737],{}," is the more useful check.",[33,160958,2775],{"id":2774},[20,160960,14668,160961,2826],{},[15,160962,365],{},[185,160964,160965,160975,160984,160993],{},[188,160966,1335,160967,160969,160970,160974],{},[15,160968,365],{}," to check user input and forgetting that ",[360,160971,160972],{"href":8151},[15,160973,2900],{}," always returns a string",[188,160976,1400,160977,160979,160980,11025,160982],{},[15,160978,365],{}," to return plain text like ",[15,160981,1050],{},[15,160983,159555],{},[188,160985,1335,160986,44561,160989,160992],{},[15,160987,160988],{},"type(x) == SomeType",[15,160990,160991],{},"isinstance(x, SomeType)"," is more appropriate",[188,160994,160995],{},"Confusing the basic one-argument form with the advanced class-creation form",[20,160997,160998,160999,914],{},"If your problem is really about bad input or failed conversion, you may also want to read ",[360,161000,161002],{"href":161001},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained\u002F","TypeError vs ValueError in Python explained",[20,161004,144330],{},[38,161006,161008],{"className":40,"code":161007,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(repr(value))\nhelp(type)\ndir(value)\n",[15,161009,161010,161024,161034,161048,161058],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,161011,161012,161014,161016,161018,161020,161022],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,161013,99],{"class":98},[47,161015,78],{"class":77},[47,161017,116],{"class":73},[47,161019,78],{"class":77},[47,161021,585],{"class":81},[47,161023,123],{"class":77},[47,161025,161026,161028,161030,161032],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,161027,99],{"class":98},[47,161029,78],{"class":77},[47,161031,585],{"class":81},[47,161033,85],{"class":77},[47,161035,161036,161038,161040,161042,161044,161046],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,161037,99],{"class":98},[47,161039,78],{"class":77},[47,161041,41713],{"class":98},[47,161043,78],{"class":77},[47,161045,585],{"class":81},[47,161047,123],{"class":77},[47,161049,161050,161052,161054,161056],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,161051,32087],{"class":98},[47,161053,78],{"class":77},[47,161055,116],{"class":73},[47,161057,85],{"class":77},[47,161059,161060,161062,161064,161066],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,161061,34306],{"class":98},[47,161063,78],{"class":77},[47,161065,585],{"class":81},[47,161067,85],{"class":77},[20,161069,161070],{},"These can help you understand both the value and the object you are working with.",[33,161072,1762],{"id":1761},[373,161074,1766,161076,1769],{"id":161075},"what-does-type-return-in-python",[15,161077,365],{},[20,161079,161080,161081,1752,161083,1752,161085,2148,161087,161089,161090,914],{},"It returns the type of an object, such as ",[15,161082,156],{},[15,161084,1050],{},[15,161086,8025],{},[15,161088,8753],{},", shown as a class object like ",[15,161091,159552],{},[373,161093,1806,161095,1809,161097,1812],{"id":161094},"is-type-the-same-as-isinstance",[15,161096,365],{},[15,161098,44737],{},[20,161100,1815,161101,161103,161104,161106],{},[15,161102,365],{}," shows the exact type. ",[15,161105,44737],{}," checks whether a value is an instance of a type.",[373,161108,5090,161110,161113,161114,1812],{"id":161109},"why-does-typeinputenter-show-str",[15,161111,161112],{},"type(input(\"Enter: \"))"," show ",[15,161115,156],{},[20,161117,28995,161118,161120,161121,1389,161123,160214],{},[15,161119,2900],{}," always returns text. Convert it with ",[15,161122,1388],{},[15,161124,1395],{},[373,161126,1786,161128,161130],{"id":161127},"can-type-create-classes",[15,161129,365],{}," create classes?",[20,161132,161133,161134,914],{},"Yes, in its three-argument form, but most beginners only need ",[15,161135,161136],{},"type(object)",[33,161138,1825],{"id":1824},[185,161140,161141,161145,161151,161157,161161,161167,161173],{},[188,161142,161143],{},[360,161144,44729],{"href":48903},[188,161146,161147],{},[360,161148,13,161149,1834],{"href":160393},[15,161150,44737],{},[188,161152,161153],{},[360,161154,13,161155,1834],{"href":8151},[15,161156,2900],{},[188,161158,161159],{},[360,161160,8990],{"href":8912},[188,161162,161163],{},[360,161164,13,161165,1834],{"href":1385},[15,161166,1388],{},[188,161168,161169],{},[360,161170,13,161171,1834],{"href":1392},[15,161172,1395],{},[188,161174,161175],{},[360,161176,13,161177,1834],{"href":42107},[15,161178,17],{},[1875,161180,161181],{},"html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":65,"depth":65,"links":161183},[161184,161185,161187,161188,161189,161191,161193,161195,161197,161204,161205,161215],{"id":3543,"depth":65,"text":3544},{"id":159558,"depth":65,"text":161186},"What the type() function does",{"id":244,"depth":65,"text":245},{"id":370,"depth":65,"text":371},{"id":159916,"depth":65,"text":161190},"Using type() with variables",{"id":160222,"depth":65,"text":161192},"type() vs isinstance()",{"id":160398,"depth":65,"text":161194},"The three-argument form of type()",{"id":160548,"depth":65,"text":161196},"When to use type()",{"id":25291,"depth":65,"text":25292,"children":161198},[161199,161201,161203],{"id":160697,"depth":88,"text":161200},"type(5) does not return plain text",{"id":160757,"depth":88,"text":161202},"input() returns str",{"id":160813,"depth":88,"text":160814},{"id":2774,"depth":65,"text":2775},{"id":1761,"depth":65,"text":1762,"children":161206},[161207,161209,161211,161213],{"id":161075,"depth":88,"text":161208},"What does type() return in Python?",{"id":161094,"depth":88,"text":161210},"Is type() the same as isinstance()?",{"id":161109,"depth":88,"text":161212},"Why does type(input(\"Enter: \")) show str?",{"id":161127,"depth":88,"text":161214},"Can type() create classes?",{"id":1824,"depth":65,"text":1825},"Master python type function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":159392,"description":161216},"reference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained","lFC3dTd8qBenijQclazGCNFBbd8GpCTjh_Z1roTe7DM",{"id":161222,"title":161223,"body":161224,"description":163703,"extension":1922,"meta":163704,"navigation":91,"path":163705,"seo":163706,"stem":163707,"__hash__":163708},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained.md","Python zip() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":161225,"toc":163660},[161226,161231,161236,161245,161247,161347,161349,161374,161379,161384,161400,161403,161405,161407,161432,161435,161438,161521,161523,161572,161575,161697,161699,161772,161776,161779,161893,161895,161921,161923,161944,161949,161953,161958,161961,162065,162067,162084,162093,162096,162183,162185,162196,162201,162207,162212,162218,162221,162314,162316,162365,162371,162374,162475,162477,162530,162535,162539,162542,162641,162643,162682,162685,162690,162692,162697,162701,162814,162818,162915,162919,163007,163009,163026,163030,163153,163159,163165,163171,163176,163179,163206,163210,163212,163306,163309,163313,163316,163403,163406,163441,163443,163480,163483,163491,163496,163501,163575,163582,163584,163589,163592,163598,163601,163607,163612,163618,163623,163627,163630,163632,163657],[10,161227,13,161229,18],{"id":161228},"python-zip-function-explained",[15,161230,64247],{},[20,161232,161233,161235],{},[15,161234,64247],{}," is a built-in Python function that combines items from two or more iterables by position.",[20,161237,161238,161239,161241,161242,161244],{},"It is useful when you want to work with related values at the same time, such as names and scores, or keys and values. Beginners often use ",[15,161240,64247],{}," inside a ",[15,161243,5892],{}," loop or convert its result into a list or dictionary.",[33,161246,36],{"id":35},[38,161248,161250],{"className":40,"code":161249,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,161251,161252,161284,161304,161308,161333],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,161253,161254,161256,161258,161260,161262,161264,161266,161268,161270,161272,161274,161276,161278,161280,161282],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,161255,4929],{"class":53},[47,161257,58],{"class":57},[47,161259,662],{"class":77},[47,161261,309],{"class":151},[47,161263,12814],{"class":155},[47,161265,309],{"class":151},[47,161267,668],{"class":77},[47,161269,303],{"class":151},[47,161271,35875],{"class":155},[47,161273,309],{"class":151},[47,161275,668],{"class":77},[47,161277,303],{"class":151},[47,161279,35884],{"class":155},[47,161281,309],{"class":151},[47,161283,679],{"class":77},[47,161285,161286,161288,161290,161292,161294,161296,161298,161300,161302],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,161287,4998],{"class":53},[47,161289,58],{"class":57},[47,161291,662],{"class":77},[47,161293,13437],{"class":61},[47,161295,668],{"class":77},[47,161297,13442],{"class":61},[47,161299,668],{"class":77},[47,161301,28854],{"class":61},[47,161303,679],{"class":77},[47,161305,161306],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,161307,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,161309,161310,161312,161314,161316,161318,161320,161323,161325,161327,161329,161331],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,161311,5892],{"class":3812},[47,161313,35925],{"class":53},[47,161315,668],{"class":77},[47,161317,5039],{"class":53},[47,161319,3819],{"class":3812},[47,161321,161322],{"class":98}," zip",[47,161324,78],{"class":77},[47,161326,4973],{"class":81},[47,161328,668],{"class":77},[47,161330,5044],{"class":81},[47,161332,8273],{"class":77},[47,161334,161335,161337,161339,161341,161343,161345],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,161336,8000],{"class":98},[47,161338,78],{"class":77},[47,161340,7601],{"class":81},[47,161342,668],{"class":77},[47,161344,130610],{"class":81},[47,161346,85],{"class":77},[20,161348,129],{},[38,161350,161352],{"className":40,"code":161351,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Ana 90\nBen 85\nCara 88\n",[15,161353,161354,161360,161367],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,161355,161356,161358],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,161357,133629],{"class":53},[47,161359,33070],{"class":61},[47,161361,161362,161365],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,161363,161364],{"class":53},"Ben ",[47,161366,33075],{"class":61},[47,161368,161369,161372],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,161370,161371],{"class":53},"Cara ",[47,161373,33080],{"class":61},[20,161375,165,161376,161378],{},[15,161377,64247],{}," when you want to loop through two or more iterables at the same time. It pairs items by position.",[33,161380,172,161382,175],{"id":161381},"what-zip-does",[15,161383,64247],{},[185,161385,161386,161391,161394,161397],{},[188,161387,161388,161390],{},[15,161389,64247],{}," combines items from two or more iterables",[188,161392,161393],{},"It groups items by matching positions",[188,161395,161396],{},"The result is a zip object, which is an iterator",[188,161398,161399],{},"A zip object can be looped over or converted to a list",[20,161401,161402],{},"For example, if you combine two lists, the first item from each list becomes one pair, the second item from each list becomes another pair, and so on.",[33,161404,245],{"id":244},[20,161406,248],{},[38,161408,161410],{"className":40,"code":161409,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"zip(iterable1, iterable2, ...)\n",[15,161411,161412],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,161413,161414,161416,161418,161421,161423,161426,161428,161430],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,161415,64317],{"class":98},[47,161417,78],{"class":77},[47,161419,161420],{"class":81},"iterable1",[47,161422,668],{"class":77},[47,161424,161425],{"class":81}," iterable2",[47,161427,668],{"class":77},[47,161429,34388],{"class":98},[47,161431,85],{"class":77},[20,161433,161434],{},"Each step creates one tuple of matched items.",[20,161436,161437],{},"If you pass two iterables, each result item has two values:",[38,161439,161441],{"className":40,"code":161440,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nletters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(numbers, letters)))\n",[15,161442,161443,161463,161495,161499],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,161444,161445,161447,161449,161451,161453,161455,161457,161459,161461],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,161446,3554],{"class":53},[47,161448,58],{"class":57},[47,161450,662],{"class":77},[47,161452,665],{"class":61},[47,161454,668],{"class":77},[47,161456,671],{"class":61},[47,161458,668],{"class":77},[47,161460,676],{"class":61},[47,161462,679],{"class":77},[47,161464,161465,161467,161469,161471,161473,161475,161477,161479,161481,161483,161485,161487,161489,161491,161493],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,161466,36024],{"class":53},[47,161468,58],{"class":57},[47,161470,662],{"class":77},[47,161472,309],{"class":151},[47,161474,360],{"class":155},[47,161476,309],{"class":151},[47,161478,668],{"class":77},[47,161480,303],{"class":151},[47,161482,4696],{"class":155},[47,161484,309],{"class":151},[47,161486,668],{"class":77},[47,161488,303],{"class":151},[47,161490,9671],{"class":155},[47,161492,309],{"class":151},[47,161494,679],{"class":77},[47,161496,161497],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,161498,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,161500,161501,161503,161505,161507,161509,161511,161513,161515,161517,161519],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,161502,99],{"class":98},[47,161504,78],{"class":77},[47,161506,8025],{"class":73},[47,161508,78],{"class":77},[47,161510,64317],{"class":98},[47,161512,78],{"class":77},[47,161514,3584],{"class":81},[47,161516,668],{"class":77},[47,161518,70023],{"class":81},[47,161520,2854],{"class":77},[20,161522,129],{},[38,161524,161526],{"className":40,"code":161525,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[(1, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (3, 'c')]\n",[15,161527,161528],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,161529,161530,161532,161534,161536,161538,161540,161542,161544,161546,161548,161550,161552,161554,161556,161558,161560,161562,161564,161566,161568,161570],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,161531,21675],{"class":77},[47,161533,665],{"class":61},[47,161535,668],{"class":77},[47,161537,152],{"class":151},[47,161539,360],{"class":155},[47,161541,159],{"class":151},[47,161543,9166],{"class":77},[47,161545,9169],{"class":77},[47,161547,2016],{"class":61},[47,161549,668],{"class":77},[47,161551,152],{"class":151},[47,161553,4696],{"class":155},[47,161555,159],{"class":151},[47,161557,9166],{"class":77},[47,161559,9169],{"class":77},[47,161561,2021],{"class":61},[47,161563,668],{"class":77},[47,161565,152],{"class":151},[47,161567,9671],{"class":155},[47,161569,159],{"class":151},[47,161571,9182],{"class":77},[20,161573,161574],{},"If you pass three iterables, each result item has three values:",[38,161576,161578],{"className":40,"code":161577,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\ngrades = [\"A\", \"B\", \"B+\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(names, scores, grades)))\n",[15,161579,161580,161612,161632,161666,161670],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,161581,161582,161584,161586,161588,161590,161592,161594,161596,161598,161600,161602,161604,161606,161608,161610],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,161583,4929],{"class":53},[47,161585,58],{"class":57},[47,161587,662],{"class":77},[47,161589,309],{"class":151},[47,161591,12814],{"class":155},[47,161593,309],{"class":151},[47,161595,668],{"class":77},[47,161597,303],{"class":151},[47,161599,35875],{"class":155},[47,161601,309],{"class":151},[47,161603,668],{"class":77},[47,161605,303],{"class":151},[47,161607,35884],{"class":155},[47,161609,309],{"class":151},[47,161611,679],{"class":77},[47,161613,161614,161616,161618,161620,161622,161624,161626,161628,161630],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,161615,4998],{"class":53},[47,161617,58],{"class":57},[47,161619,662],{"class":77},[47,161621,13437],{"class":61},[47,161623,668],{"class":77},[47,161625,13442],{"class":61},[47,161627,668],{"class":77},[47,161629,28854],{"class":61},[47,161631,679],{"class":77},[47,161633,161634,161637,161639,161641,161643,161645,161647,161649,161651,161653,161655,161657,161659,161662,161664],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,161635,161636],{"class":53},"grades ",[47,161638,58],{"class":57},[47,161640,662],{"class":77},[47,161642,309],{"class":151},[47,161644,22179],{"class":155},[47,161646,309],{"class":151},[47,161648,668],{"class":77},[47,161650,303],{"class":151},[47,161652,30534],{"class":155},[47,161654,309],{"class":151},[47,161656,668],{"class":77},[47,161658,303],{"class":151},[47,161660,161661],{"class":155},"B+",[47,161663,309],{"class":151},[47,161665,679],{"class":77},[47,161667,161668],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,161669,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,161671,161672,161674,161676,161678,161680,161682,161684,161686,161688,161690,161692,161695],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,161673,99],{"class":98},[47,161675,78],{"class":77},[47,161677,8025],{"class":73},[47,161679,78],{"class":77},[47,161681,64317],{"class":98},[47,161683,78],{"class":77},[47,161685,4973],{"class":81},[47,161687,668],{"class":77},[47,161689,5044],{"class":81},[47,161691,668],{"class":77},[47,161693,161694],{"class":81}," grades",[47,161696,2854],{"class":77},[20,161698,129],{},[38,161700,161702],{"className":40,"code":161701,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[('Ana', 90, 'A'), ('Ben', 85, 'B'), ('Cara', 88, 'B+')]\n",[15,161703,161704],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,161705,161706,161708,161710,161712,161714,161716,161718,161720,161722,161724,161726,161728,161730,161732,161734,161736,161738,161740,161742,161744,161746,161748,161750,161752,161754,161756,161758,161760,161762,161764,161766,161768,161770],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,161707,21675],{"class":77},[47,161709,159],{"class":151},[47,161711,12814],{"class":155},[47,161713,159],{"class":151},[47,161715,668],{"class":77},[47,161717,19834],{"class":61},[47,161719,668],{"class":77},[47,161721,152],{"class":151},[47,161723,22179],{"class":155},[47,161725,159],{"class":151},[47,161727,9166],{"class":77},[47,161729,9169],{"class":77},[47,161731,159],{"class":151},[47,161733,35875],{"class":155},[47,161735,159],{"class":151},[47,161737,668],{"class":77},[47,161739,13442],{"class":61},[47,161741,668],{"class":77},[47,161743,152],{"class":151},[47,161745,30534],{"class":155},[47,161747,159],{"class":151},[47,161749,9166],{"class":77},[47,161751,9169],{"class":77},[47,161753,159],{"class":151},[47,161755,35884],{"class":155},[47,161757,159],{"class":151},[47,161759,668],{"class":77},[47,161761,28854],{"class":61},[47,161763,668],{"class":77},[47,161765,152],{"class":151},[47,161767,161661],{"class":155},[47,161769,159],{"class":151},[47,161771,9182],{"class":77},[33,161773,161775],{"id":161774},"simple-example-with-two-lists","Simple example with two lists",[20,161777,161778],{},"A common beginner use is looping through two related lists at the same time.",[38,161780,161782],{"className":40,"code":161781,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name} scored {score}\")\n",[15,161783,161784,161816,161836,161840,161864],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,161785,161786,161788,161790,161792,161794,161796,161798,161800,161802,161804,161806,161808,161810,161812,161814],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,161787,4929],{"class":53},[47,161789,58],{"class":57},[47,161791,662],{"class":77},[47,161793,309],{"class":151},[47,161795,12814],{"class":155},[47,161797,309],{"class":151},[47,161799,668],{"class":77},[47,161801,303],{"class":151},[47,161803,35875],{"class":155},[47,161805,309],{"class":151},[47,161807,668],{"class":77},[47,161809,303],{"class":151},[47,161811,35884],{"class":155},[47,161813,309],{"class":151},[47,161815,679],{"class":77},[47,161817,161818,161820,161822,161824,161826,161828,161830,161832,161834],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,161819,4998],{"class":53},[47,161821,58],{"class":57},[47,161823,662],{"class":77},[47,161825,13437],{"class":61},[47,161827,668],{"class":77},[47,161829,13442],{"class":61},[47,161831,668],{"class":77},[47,161833,28854],{"class":61},[47,161835,679],{"class":77},[47,161837,161838],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,161839,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,161841,161842,161844,161846,161848,161850,161852,161854,161856,161858,161860,161862],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,161843,5892],{"class":3812},[47,161845,35925],{"class":53},[47,161847,668],{"class":77},[47,161849,5039],{"class":53},[47,161851,3819],{"class":3812},[47,161853,161322],{"class":98},[47,161855,78],{"class":77},[47,161857,4973],{"class":81},[47,161859,668],{"class":77},[47,161861,5044],{"class":81},[47,161863,8273],{"class":77},[47,161865,161866,161868,161870,161872,161874,161876,161878,161880,161883,161885,161887,161889,161891],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,161867,8000],{"class":98},[47,161869,78],{"class":77},[47,161871,22228],{"class":147},[47,161873,309],{"class":155},[47,161875,9211],{"class":61},[47,161877,7601],{"class":81},[47,161879,22237],{"class":61},[47,161881,161882],{"class":155}," scored ",[47,161884,9211],{"class":61},[47,161886,319],{"class":81},[47,161888,22237],{"class":61},[47,161890,309],{"class":155},[47,161892,85],{"class":77},[20,161894,129],{},[38,161896,161898],{"className":40,"code":161897,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Ana scored 90\nBen scored 85\nCara scored 88\n",[15,161899,161900,161907,161914],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,161901,161902,161905],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,161903,161904],{"class":53},"Ana scored ",[47,161906,33070],{"class":61},[47,161908,161909,161912],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,161910,161911],{"class":53},"Ben scored ",[47,161913,33075],{"class":61},[47,161915,161916,161919],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,161917,161918],{"class":53},"Cara scored ",[47,161920,33080],{"class":61},[20,161922,44862],{},[185,161924,161925,161934,161937],{},[188,161926,161927,161930,161931],{},[15,161928,161929],{},"zip(names, scores)"," creates pairs like ",[15,161932,161933],{},"(\"Ana\", 90)",[188,161935,161936],{},"The loop runs once for each pair",[188,161938,161939,4329,161941,161943],{},[15,161940,7601],{},[15,161942,319],{}," unpack the tuple into separate variables",[20,161945,161946,161947,914],{},"If tuple unpacking feels unfamiliar, it may help to first practice ",[360,161948,69540],{"href":69539},[33,161950,161952],{"id":161951},"what-happens-when-lengths-are-different","What happens when lengths are different",[20,161954,161955,161957],{},[15,161956,64247],{}," stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,161959,161960],{},"That means extra items in longer iterables are ignored.",[38,161962,161964],{"className":40,"code":161963,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,161965,161966,162007,162023,162027,162051],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,161967,161968,161970,161972,161974,161976,161978,161980,161982,161984,161986,161988,161990,161992,161994,161996,161998,162000,162003,162005],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,161969,4929],{"class":53},[47,161971,58],{"class":57},[47,161973,662],{"class":77},[47,161975,309],{"class":151},[47,161977,12814],{"class":155},[47,161979,309],{"class":151},[47,161981,668],{"class":77},[47,161983,303],{"class":151},[47,161985,35875],{"class":155},[47,161987,309],{"class":151},[47,161989,668],{"class":77},[47,161991,303],{"class":151},[47,161993,35884],{"class":155},[47,161995,309],{"class":151},[47,161997,668],{"class":77},[47,161999,303],{"class":151},[47,162001,162002],{"class":155},"Dan",[47,162004,309],{"class":151},[47,162006,679],{"class":77},[47,162008,162009,162011,162013,162015,162017,162019,162021],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,162010,4998],{"class":53},[47,162012,58],{"class":57},[47,162014,662],{"class":77},[47,162016,13437],{"class":61},[47,162018,668],{"class":77},[47,162020,13442],{"class":61},[47,162022,679],{"class":77},[47,162024,162025],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,162026,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,162028,162029,162031,162033,162035,162037,162039,162041,162043,162045,162047,162049],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,162030,5892],{"class":3812},[47,162032,35925],{"class":53},[47,162034,668],{"class":77},[47,162036,5039],{"class":53},[47,162038,3819],{"class":3812},[47,162040,161322],{"class":98},[47,162042,78],{"class":77},[47,162044,4973],{"class":81},[47,162046,668],{"class":77},[47,162048,5044],{"class":81},[47,162050,8273],{"class":77},[47,162052,162053,162055,162057,162059,162061,162063],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,162054,8000],{"class":98},[47,162056,78],{"class":77},[47,162058,7601],{"class":81},[47,162060,668],{"class":77},[47,162062,130610],{"class":81},[47,162064,85],{"class":77},[20,162066,129],{},[38,162068,162070],{"className":40,"code":162069,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Ana 90\nBen 85\n",[15,162071,162072,162078],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,162073,162074,162076],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,162075,133629],{"class":53},[47,162077,33070],{"class":61},[47,162079,162080,162082],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,162081,161364],{"class":53},[47,162083,33075],{"class":61},[20,162085,2240,162086,4329,162089,162092],{},[15,162087,162088],{},"\"Cara\"",[15,162090,162091],{},"\"Dan\""," are not used.",[20,162094,162095],{},"This behavior is often helpful, but it can also hide mistakes. If you expected all items to be paired, check the lengths first:",[38,162097,162099],{"className":40,"code":162098,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nprint(len(names), len(scores))\n",[15,162100,162101,162141,162157,162161],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,162102,162103,162105,162107,162109,162111,162113,162115,162117,162119,162121,162123,162125,162127,162129,162131,162133,162135,162137,162139],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,162104,4929],{"class":53},[47,162106,58],{"class":57},[47,162108,662],{"class":77},[47,162110,309],{"class":151},[47,162112,12814],{"class":155},[47,162114,309],{"class":151},[47,162116,668],{"class":77},[47,162118,303],{"class":151},[47,162120,35875],{"class":155},[47,162122,309],{"class":151},[47,162124,668],{"class":77},[47,162126,303],{"class":151},[47,162128,35884],{"class":155},[47,162130,309],{"class":151},[47,162132,668],{"class":77},[47,162134,303],{"class":151},[47,162136,162002],{"class":155},[47,162138,309],{"class":151},[47,162140,679],{"class":77},[47,162142,162143,162145,162147,162149,162151,162153,162155],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,162144,4998],{"class":53},[47,162146,58],{"class":57},[47,162148,662],{"class":77},[47,162150,13437],{"class":61},[47,162152,668],{"class":77},[47,162154,13442],{"class":61},[47,162156,679],{"class":77},[47,162158,162159],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,162160,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,162162,162163,162165,162167,162169,162171,162173,162175,162177,162179,162181],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,162164,99],{"class":98},[47,162166,78],{"class":77},[47,162168,11095],{"class":98},[47,162170,78],{"class":77},[47,162172,4973],{"class":81},[47,162174,9166],{"class":77},[47,162176,38321],{"class":98},[47,162178,78],{"class":77},[47,162180,16324],{"class":81},[47,162182,123],{"class":77},[20,162184,129],{},[38,162186,162188],{"className":40,"code":162187,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"4 2\n",[15,162189,162190],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,162191,162192,162194],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,162193,2451],{"class":61},[47,162195,45520],{"class":61},[20,162197,162198,162199,914],{},"If missing pairs are unexpected, compare the lengths before using ",[15,162200,64247],{},[33,162202,92027,162204,162206],{"id":162203},"converting-zip-output",[15,162205,64247],{}," output",[20,162208,28995,162209,162211],{},[15,162210,64247],{}," returns a zip object, you often need to convert it.",[373,162213,165,162215],{"id":162214},"use-listzip",[15,162216,162217],{},"list(zip(...))",[20,162219,162220],{},"This is the easiest way to see all pairs at once.",[38,162222,162224],{"className":40,"code":162223,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,162225,162226,162258,162278,162282,162304],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,162227,162228,162230,162232,162234,162236,162238,162240,162242,162244,162246,162248,162250,162252,162254,162256],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,162229,4929],{"class":53},[47,162231,58],{"class":57},[47,162233,662],{"class":77},[47,162235,309],{"class":151},[47,162237,12814],{"class":155},[47,162239,309],{"class":151},[47,162241,668],{"class":77},[47,162243,303],{"class":151},[47,162245,35875],{"class":155},[47,162247,309],{"class":151},[47,162249,668],{"class":77},[47,162251,303],{"class":151},[47,162253,35884],{"class":155},[47,162255,309],{"class":151},[47,162257,679],{"class":77},[47,162259,162260,162262,162264,162266,162268,162270,162272,162274,162276],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,162261,4998],{"class":53},[47,162263,58],{"class":57},[47,162265,662],{"class":77},[47,162267,13437],{"class":61},[47,162269,668],{"class":77},[47,162271,13442],{"class":61},[47,162273,668],{"class":77},[47,162275,28854],{"class":61},[47,162277,679],{"class":77},[47,162279,162280],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,162281,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,162283,162284,162286,162288,162290,162292,162294,162296,162298,162300,162302],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,162285,9148],{"class":53},[47,162287,58],{"class":57},[47,162289,22494],{"class":73},[47,162291,78],{"class":77},[47,162293,64317],{"class":98},[47,162295,78],{"class":77},[47,162297,4973],{"class":81},[47,162299,668],{"class":77},[47,162301,5044],{"class":81},[47,162303,123],{"class":77},[47,162305,162306,162308,162310,162312],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,162307,99],{"class":98},[47,162309,78],{"class":77},[47,162311,9195],{"class":81},[47,162313,85],{"class":77},[20,162315,129],{},[38,162317,162319],{"className":40,"code":162318,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85), ('Cara', 88)]\n",[15,162320,162321],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,162322,162323,162325,162327,162329,162331,162333,162335,162337,162339,162341,162343,162345,162347,162349,162351,162353,162355,162357,162359,162361,162363],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,162324,21675],{"class":77},[47,162326,159],{"class":151},[47,162328,12814],{"class":155},[47,162330,159],{"class":151},[47,162332,668],{"class":77},[47,162334,19834],{"class":61},[47,162336,9166],{"class":77},[47,162338,9169],{"class":77},[47,162340,159],{"class":151},[47,162342,35875],{"class":155},[47,162344,159],{"class":151},[47,162346,668],{"class":77},[47,162348,13442],{"class":61},[47,162350,9166],{"class":77},[47,162352,9169],{"class":77},[47,162354,159],{"class":151},[47,162356,35884],{"class":155},[47,162358,159],{"class":151},[47,162360,668],{"class":77},[47,162362,28854],{"class":61},[47,162364,9182],{"class":77},[373,162366,165,162368],{"id":162367},"use-dictzipkeys-values",[15,162369,162370],{},"dict(zip(keys, values))",[20,162372,162373],{},"This is a common way to build a dictionary.",[38,162375,162377],{"className":40,"code":162376,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nvalues = [\"Ana\", 25, \"Lima\"]\n\nperson = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(person)\n",[15,162378,162379,162411,162439,162443,162465],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,162380,162381,162383,162385,162387,162389,162391,162393,162395,162397,162399,162401,162403,162405,162407,162409],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,162382,17178],{"class":53},[47,162384,58],{"class":57},[47,162386,662],{"class":77},[47,162388,309],{"class":151},[47,162390,7601],{"class":155},[47,162392,309],{"class":151},[47,162394,668],{"class":77},[47,162396,303],{"class":151},[47,162398,82],{"class":155},[47,162400,309],{"class":151},[47,162402,668],{"class":77},[47,162404,303],{"class":151},[47,162406,10341],{"class":155},[47,162408,309],{"class":151},[47,162410,679],{"class":77},[47,162412,162413,162415,162417,162419,162421,162423,162425,162427,162429,162431,162433,162435,162437],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,162414,3758],{"class":53},[47,162416,58],{"class":57},[47,162418,662],{"class":77},[47,162420,309],{"class":151},[47,162422,12814],{"class":155},[47,162424,309],{"class":151},[47,162426,668],{"class":77},[47,162428,900],{"class":61},[47,162430,668],{"class":77},[47,162432,303],{"class":151},[47,162434,15966],{"class":155},[47,162436,309],{"class":151},[47,162438,679],{"class":77},[47,162440,162441],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,162442,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,162444,162445,162447,162449,162451,162453,162455,162457,162459,162461,162463],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,162446,13139],{"class":53},[47,162448,58],{"class":57},[47,162450,9103],{"class":73},[47,162452,78],{"class":77},[47,162454,64317],{"class":98},[47,162456,78],{"class":77},[47,162458,16859],{"class":81},[47,162460,668],{"class":77},[47,162462,3822],{"class":81},[47,162464,123],{"class":77},[47,162466,162467,162469,162471,162473],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,162468,99],{"class":98},[47,162470,78],{"class":77},[47,162472,17243],{"class":81},[47,162474,85],{"class":77},[20,162476,129],{},[38,162478,162480],{"className":40,"code":162479,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,162481,162482],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,162483,162484,162486,162488,162490,162492,162494,162496,162498,162500,162502,162504,162506,162508,162510,162512,162514,162516,162518,162520,162522,162524,162526,162528],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,162485,9211],{"class":77},[47,162487,159],{"class":151},[47,162489,7601],{"class":155},[47,162491,159],{"class":151},[47,162493,2826],{"class":77},[47,162495,152],{"class":151},[47,162497,12814],{"class":155},[47,162499,159],{"class":151},[47,162501,668],{"class":77},[47,162503,152],{"class":151},[47,162505,82],{"class":155},[47,162507,159],{"class":151},[47,162509,2826],{"class":77},[47,162511,900],{"class":61},[47,162513,668],{"class":77},[47,162515,152],{"class":151},[47,162517,10341],{"class":155},[47,162519,159],{"class":151},[47,162521,2826],{"class":77},[47,162523,152],{"class":151},[47,162525,15966],{"class":155},[47,162527,159],{"class":151},[47,162529,9240],{"class":77},[20,162531,162532,162533,914],{},"If you want more dictionary examples, see ",[360,162534,31021],{"href":31020},[373,162536,162538],{"id":162537},"a-zip-object-is-consumed-after-use","A zip object is consumed after use",[20,162540,162541],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After you loop over it once, it is exhausted.",[38,162543,162545],{"className":40,"code":162544,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = zip(names, scores)\n\nprint(list(pairs))\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,162546,162547,162571,162587,162591,162609,162613,162627],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,162548,162549,162551,162553,162555,162557,162559,162561,162563,162565,162567,162569],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,162550,4929],{"class":53},[47,162552,58],{"class":57},[47,162554,662],{"class":77},[47,162556,309],{"class":151},[47,162558,12814],{"class":155},[47,162560,309],{"class":151},[47,162562,668],{"class":77},[47,162564,303],{"class":151},[47,162566,35875],{"class":155},[47,162568,309],{"class":151},[47,162570,679],{"class":77},[47,162572,162573,162575,162577,162579,162581,162583,162585],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,162574,4998],{"class":53},[47,162576,58],{"class":57},[47,162578,662],{"class":77},[47,162580,13437],{"class":61},[47,162582,668],{"class":77},[47,162584,13442],{"class":61},[47,162586,679],{"class":77},[47,162588,162589],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,162590,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,162592,162593,162595,162597,162599,162601,162603,162605,162607],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,162594,9148],{"class":53},[47,162596,58],{"class":57},[47,162598,161322],{"class":98},[47,162600,78],{"class":77},[47,162602,4973],{"class":81},[47,162604,668],{"class":77},[47,162606,5044],{"class":81},[47,162608,85],{"class":77},[47,162610,162611],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,162612,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,162614,162615,162617,162619,162621,162623,162625],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,162616,99],{"class":98},[47,162618,78],{"class":77},[47,162620,8025],{"class":73},[47,162622,78],{"class":77},[47,162624,9195],{"class":81},[47,162626,123],{"class":77},[47,162628,162629,162631,162633,162635,162637,162639],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,162630,99],{"class":98},[47,162632,78],{"class":77},[47,162634,8025],{"class":73},[47,162636,78],{"class":77},[47,162638,9195],{"class":81},[47,162640,123],{"class":77},[20,162642,129],{},[38,162644,162646],{"className":40,"code":162645,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n[]\n",[15,162647,162648,162678],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,162649,162650,162652,162654,162656,162658,162660,162662,162664,162666,162668,162670,162672,162674,162676],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,162651,21675],{"class":77},[47,162653,159],{"class":151},[47,162655,12814],{"class":155},[47,162657,159],{"class":151},[47,162659,668],{"class":77},[47,162661,19834],{"class":61},[47,162663,9166],{"class":77},[47,162665,9169],{"class":77},[47,162667,159],{"class":151},[47,162669,35875],{"class":155},[47,162671,159],{"class":151},[47,162673,668],{"class":77},[47,162675,13442],{"class":61},[47,162677,9182],{"class":77},[47,162679,162680],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,162681,38232],{"class":77},[20,162683,162684],{},"If you need the data again, convert it to a list first or create a new zip object.",[20,162686,162687,162688,914],{},"For a deeper explanation, see ",[360,162689,5070],{"href":5520},[33,162691,40979],{"id":40978},[20,162693,162694,162695,914],{},"Here are some simple ways beginners use ",[15,162696,64247],{},[373,162698,162700],{"id":162699},"loop-through-names-and-scores-together","Loop through names and scores together",[38,162702,162704],{"className":40,"code":162703,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name}: {score}\")\n",[15,162705,162706,162738,162758,162762,162786],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,162707,162708,162710,162712,162714,162716,162718,162720,162722,162724,162726,162728,162730,162732,162734,162736],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,162709,4929],{"class":53},[47,162711,58],{"class":57},[47,162713,662],{"class":77},[47,162715,309],{"class":151},[47,162717,12814],{"class":155},[47,162719,309],{"class":151},[47,162721,668],{"class":77},[47,162723,303],{"class":151},[47,162725,35875],{"class":155},[47,162727,309],{"class":151},[47,162729,668],{"class":77},[47,162731,303],{"class":151},[47,162733,35884],{"class":155},[47,162735,309],{"class":151},[47,162737,679],{"class":77},[47,162739,162740,162742,162744,162746,162748,162750,162752,162754,162756],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,162741,4998],{"class":53},[47,162743,58],{"class":57},[47,162745,662],{"class":77},[47,162747,13437],{"class":61},[47,162749,668],{"class":77},[47,162751,13442],{"class":61},[47,162753,668],{"class":77},[47,162755,28854],{"class":61},[47,162757,679],{"class":77},[47,162759,162760],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,162761,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,162763,162764,162766,162768,162770,162772,162774,162776,162778,162780,162782,162784],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,162765,5892],{"class":3812},[47,162767,35925],{"class":53},[47,162769,668],{"class":77},[47,162771,5039],{"class":53},[47,162773,3819],{"class":3812},[47,162775,161322],{"class":98},[47,162777,78],{"class":77},[47,162779,4973],{"class":81},[47,162781,668],{"class":77},[47,162783,5044],{"class":81},[47,162785,8273],{"class":77},[47,162787,162788,162790,162792,162794,162796,162798,162800,162802,162804,162806,162808,162810,162812],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,162789,8000],{"class":98},[47,162791,78],{"class":77},[47,162793,22228],{"class":147},[47,162795,309],{"class":155},[47,162797,9211],{"class":61},[47,162799,7601],{"class":81},[47,162801,22237],{"class":61},[47,162803,22240],{"class":155},[47,162805,9211],{"class":61},[47,162807,319],{"class":81},[47,162809,22237],{"class":61},[47,162811,309],{"class":155},[47,162813,85],{"class":77},[373,162815,162817],{"id":162816},"combine-keys-and-values-into-a-dictionary","Combine keys and values into a dictionary",[38,162819,162821],{"className":40,"code":162820,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"keys = [\"id\", \"name\", \"active\"]\nvalues = [101, \"Ana\", True]\n\ndata = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(data)\n",[15,162822,162823,162855,162879,162883,162905],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,162824,162825,162827,162829,162831,162833,162835,162837,162839,162841,162843,162845,162847,162849,162851,162853],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,162826,17178],{"class":53},[47,162828,58],{"class":57},[47,162830,662],{"class":77},[47,162832,309],{"class":151},[47,162834,12583],{"class":155},[47,162836,309],{"class":151},[47,162838,668],{"class":77},[47,162840,303],{"class":151},[47,162842,7601],{"class":155},[47,162844,309],{"class":151},[47,162846,668],{"class":77},[47,162848,303],{"class":151},[47,162850,15756],{"class":155},[47,162852,309],{"class":151},[47,162854,679],{"class":77},[47,162856,162857,162859,162861,162863,162865,162867,162869,162871,162873,162875,162877],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,162858,3758],{"class":53},[47,162860,58],{"class":57},[47,162862,662],{"class":77},[47,162864,46520],{"class":61},[47,162866,668],{"class":77},[47,162868,303],{"class":151},[47,162870,12814],{"class":155},[47,162872,309],{"class":151},[47,162874,668],{"class":77},[47,162876,3852],{"class":571},[47,162878,679],{"class":77},[47,162880,162881],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,162882,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,162884,162885,162887,162889,162891,162893,162895,162897,162899,162901,162903],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,162886,9098],{"class":53},[47,162888,58],{"class":57},[47,162890,9103],{"class":73},[47,162892,78],{"class":77},[47,162894,64317],{"class":98},[47,162896,78],{"class":77},[47,162898,16859],{"class":81},[47,162900,668],{"class":77},[47,162902,3822],{"class":81},[47,162904,123],{"class":77},[47,162906,162907,162909,162911,162913],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,162908,99],{"class":98},[47,162910,78],{"class":77},[47,162912,9137],{"class":81},[47,162914,85],{"class":77},[373,162916,162918],{"id":162917},"compare-two-lists-item-by-item","Compare two lists item by item",[38,162920,162922],{"className":40,"code":162921,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"list1 = [10, 20, 30]\nlist2 = [10, 25, 30]\n\nfor a, b in zip(list1, list2):\n    print(a == b)\n",[15,162923,162924,162944,162964,162968,162993],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,162925,162926,162928,162930,162932,162934,162936,162938,162940,162942],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,162927,80582],{"class":53},[47,162929,58],{"class":57},[47,162931,662],{"class":77},[47,162933,193],{"class":61},[47,162935,668],{"class":77},[47,162937,7722],{"class":61},[47,162939,668],{"class":77},[47,162941,7727],{"class":61},[47,162943,679],{"class":77},[47,162945,162946,162948,162950,162952,162954,162956,162958,162960,162962],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,162947,80603],{"class":53},[47,162949,58],{"class":57},[47,162951,662],{"class":77},[47,162953,193],{"class":61},[47,162955,668],{"class":77},[47,162957,900],{"class":61},[47,162959,668],{"class":77},[47,162961,7727],{"class":61},[47,162963,679],{"class":77},[47,162965,162966],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,162967,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,162969,162970,162972,162974,162976,162979,162981,162983,162985,162987,162989,162991],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,162971,5892],{"class":3812},[47,162973,56815],{"class":53},[47,162975,668],{"class":77},[47,162977,162978],{"class":53}," b ",[47,162980,3819],{"class":3812},[47,162982,161322],{"class":98},[47,162984,78],{"class":77},[47,162986,111665],{"class":81},[47,162988,668],{"class":77},[47,162990,80646],{"class":81},[47,162992,8273],{"class":77},[47,162994,162995,162997,162999,163001,163003,163005],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,162996,8000],{"class":98},[47,162998,78],{"class":77},[47,163000,2501],{"class":81},[47,163002,4623],{"class":57},[47,163004,2506],{"class":81},[47,163006,85],{"class":77},[20,163008,129],{},[38,163010,163012],{"className":40,"code":163011,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"True\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,163013,163014,163018,163022],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,163015,163016],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,163017,629],{"class":571},[47,163019,163020],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,163021,3976],{"class":571},[47,163023,163024],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,163025,629],{"class":571},[373,163027,163029],{"id":163028},"print-related-values-in-the-same-loop","Print related values in the same loop",[38,163031,163033],{"className":40,"code":163032,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"products = [\"Book\", \"Pen\", \"Bag\"]\nprices = [12.5, 1.2, 25.0]\n\nfor product, price in zip(products, prices):\n    print(f\"{product} costs ${price}\")\n",[15,163034,163035,163070,163093,163097,163124],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,163036,163037,163040,163042,163044,163046,163048,163050,163052,163054,163057,163059,163061,163063,163066,163068],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,163038,163039],{"class":53},"products ",[47,163041,58],{"class":57},[47,163043,662],{"class":77},[47,163045,309],{"class":151},[47,163047,25076],{"class":155},[47,163049,309],{"class":151},[47,163051,668],{"class":77},[47,163053,303],{"class":151},[47,163055,163056],{"class":155},"Pen",[47,163058,309],{"class":151},[47,163060,668],{"class":77},[47,163062,303],{"class":151},[47,163064,163065],{"class":155},"Bag",[47,163067,309],{"class":151},[47,163069,679],{"class":77},[47,163071,163072,163074,163076,163078,163081,163083,163086,163088,163091],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,163073,82972],{"class":53},[47,163075,58],{"class":57},[47,163077,662],{"class":77},[47,163079,163080],{"class":61},"12.5",[47,163082,668],{"class":77},[47,163084,163085],{"class":61}," 1.2",[47,163087,668],{"class":77},[47,163089,163090],{"class":61}," 25.0",[47,163092,679],{"class":77},[47,163094,163095],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,163096,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,163098,163099,163101,163103,163105,163108,163110,163112,163114,163117,163119,163122],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,163100,5892],{"class":3812},[47,163102,25136],{"class":53},[47,163104,668],{"class":77},[47,163106,163107],{"class":53}," price ",[47,163109,3819],{"class":3812},[47,163111,161322],{"class":98},[47,163113,78],{"class":77},[47,163115,163116],{"class":81},"products",[47,163118,668],{"class":77},[47,163120,163121],{"class":81}," prices",[47,163123,8273],{"class":77},[47,163125,163126,163128,163130,163132,163134,163136,163138,163140,163143,163145,163147,163149,163151],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,163127,8000],{"class":98},[47,163129,78],{"class":77},[47,163131,22228],{"class":147},[47,163133,309],{"class":155},[47,163135,9211],{"class":61},[47,163137,26942],{"class":81},[47,163139,22237],{"class":61},[47,163141,163142],{"class":155}," costs $",[47,163144,9211],{"class":61},[47,163146,494],{"class":81},[47,163148,22237],{"class":61},[47,163150,309],{"class":155},[47,163152,85],{"class":77},[20,163154,36535,163155,914],{},[360,163156,163158],{"href":163157},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-zip-in-python\u002F","how to use zip in Python",[33,163160,163162,163163],{"id":163161},"common-mistakes-with-zip","Common mistakes with ",[15,163164,64247],{},[373,163166,1400,163168,163170],{"id":163167},"expecting-zip-to-keep-going-to-the-longest-iterable",[15,163169,64247],{}," to keep going to the longest iterable",[20,163172,163173,163175],{},[15,163174,64247],{}," does not do that. It stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,163177,163178],{},"If values seem to be missing, compare the lengths:",[38,163180,163182],{"className":40,"code":163181,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(len(list1), len(list2))\n",[15,163183,163184],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,163185,163186,163188,163190,163192,163194,163196,163198,163200,163202,163204],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,163187,99],{"class":98},[47,163189,78],{"class":77},[47,163191,11095],{"class":98},[47,163193,78],{"class":77},[47,163195,111665],{"class":81},[47,163197,9166],{"class":77},[47,163199,38321],{"class":98},[47,163201,78],{"class":77},[47,163203,80869],{"class":81},[47,163205,123],{"class":77},[373,163207,163209],{"id":163208},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-zip-object-after-looping-once","Trying to reuse the same zip object after looping once",[20,163211,68763],{},[38,163213,163215],{"className":40,"code":163214,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"pairs = zip([1, 2], [\"a\", \"b\"])\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n",[15,163216,163217,163253,163257,163270,163280,163284,163296],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,163218,163219,163221,163223,163225,163227,163229,163231,163233,163235,163237,163239,163241,163243,163245,163247,163249,163251],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,163220,9148],{"class":53},[47,163222,58],{"class":57},[47,163224,161322],{"class":98},[47,163226,2928],{"class":77},[47,163228,665],{"class":61},[47,163230,668],{"class":77},[47,163232,671],{"class":61},[47,163234,17997],{"class":77},[47,163236,662],{"class":77},[47,163238,309],{"class":151},[47,163240,360],{"class":155},[47,163242,309],{"class":151},[47,163244,668],{"class":77},[47,163246,303],{"class":151},[47,163248,4696],{"class":155},[47,163250,309],{"class":151},[47,163252,3825],{"class":77},[47,163254,163255],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,163256,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,163258,163259,163261,163263,163265,163268],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,163260,5892],{"class":3812},[47,163262,5895],{"class":53},[47,163264,3819],{"class":3812},[47,163266,163267],{"class":53}," pairs",[47,163269,6329],{"class":77},[47,163271,163272,163274,163276,163278],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,163273,8000],{"class":98},[47,163275,78],{"class":77},[47,163277,23245],{"class":81},[47,163279,85],{"class":77},[47,163281,163282],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,163283,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,163285,163286,163288,163290,163292,163294],{"class":49,"line":999},[47,163287,5892],{"class":3812},[47,163289,5895],{"class":53},[47,163291,3819],{"class":3812},[47,163293,163267],{"class":53},[47,163295,6329],{"class":77},[47,163297,163298,163300,163302,163304],{"class":49,"line":1211},[47,163299,8000],{"class":98},[47,163301,78],{"class":77},[47,163303,23245],{"class":81},[47,163305,85],{"class":77},[20,163307,163308],{},"The second loop prints nothing because the zip object has already been used.",[373,163310,163312],{"id":163311},"forgetting-to-unpack-tuple-values-in-a-loop","Forgetting to unpack tuple values in a loop",[20,163314,163315],{},"This is correct:",[38,163317,163319],{"className":40,"code":163318,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,163320,163321,163345,163361,163365,163389],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,163322,163323,163325,163327,163329,163331,163333,163335,163337,163339,163341,163343],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,163324,4929],{"class":53},[47,163326,58],{"class":57},[47,163328,662],{"class":77},[47,163330,309],{"class":151},[47,163332,12814],{"class":155},[47,163334,309],{"class":151},[47,163336,668],{"class":77},[47,163338,303],{"class":151},[47,163340,35875],{"class":155},[47,163342,309],{"class":151},[47,163344,679],{"class":77},[47,163346,163347,163349,163351,163353,163355,163357,163359],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,163348,4998],{"class":53},[47,163350,58],{"class":57},[47,163352,662],{"class":77},[47,163354,13437],{"class":61},[47,163356,668],{"class":77},[47,163358,13442],{"class":61},[47,163360,679],{"class":77},[47,163362,163363],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,163364,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,163366,163367,163369,163371,163373,163375,163377,163379,163381,163383,163385,163387],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,163368,5892],{"class":3812},[47,163370,35925],{"class":53},[47,163372,668],{"class":77},[47,163374,5039],{"class":53},[47,163376,3819],{"class":3812},[47,163378,161322],{"class":98},[47,163380,78],{"class":77},[47,163382,4973],{"class":81},[47,163384,668],{"class":77},[47,163386,5044],{"class":81},[47,163388,8273],{"class":77},[47,163390,163391,163393,163395,163397,163399,163401],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,163392,8000],{"class":98},[47,163394,78],{"class":77},[47,163396,7601],{"class":81},[47,163398,668],{"class":77},[47,163400,130610],{"class":81},[47,163402,85],{"class":77},[20,163404,163405],{},"If you use only one variable, you get the whole tuple:",[38,163407,163409],{"className":40,"code":163408,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"for item in zip(names, scores):\n    print(item)\n",[15,163410,163411,163431],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,163412,163413,163415,163417,163419,163421,163423,163425,163427,163429],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,163414,5892],{"class":3812},[47,163416,5895],{"class":53},[47,163418,3819],{"class":3812},[47,163420,161322],{"class":98},[47,163422,78],{"class":77},[47,163424,4973],{"class":81},[47,163426,668],{"class":77},[47,163428,5044],{"class":81},[47,163430,8273],{"class":77},[47,163432,163433,163435,163437,163439],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,163434,8000],{"class":98},[47,163436,78],{"class":77},[47,163438,23245],{"class":81},[47,163440,85],{"class":77},[20,163442,129],{},[38,163444,163446],{"className":40,"code":163445,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"('Ana', 90)\n('Ben', 85)\n",[15,163447,163448,163464],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,163449,163450,163452,163454,163456,163458,163460,163462],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,163451,78],{"class":77},[47,163453,159],{"class":151},[47,163455,12814],{"class":155},[47,163457,159],{"class":151},[47,163459,668],{"class":77},[47,163461,19834],{"class":61},[47,163463,85],{"class":77},[47,163465,163466,163468,163470,163472,163474,163476,163478],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,163467,78],{"class":77},[47,163469,159],{"class":151},[47,163471,35875],{"class":155},[47,163473,159],{"class":151},[47,163475,668],{"class":77},[47,163477,13442],{"class":61},[47,163479,85],{"class":77},[20,163481,163482],{},"Both forms are valid, but they do different things.",[373,163484,1335,163486,163488,163489],{"id":163485},"using-zip-when-you-actually-need-indexes-with-enumerate",[15,163487,64247],{}," when you actually need indexes with ",[15,163490,35683],{},[20,163492,165,163493,163495],{},[15,163494,64247],{}," when you want values from multiple iterables.",[20,163497,165,163498,163500],{},[15,163499,35683],{}," when you need a counter or index.",[38,163502,163503],{"className":40,"code":35852,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,163504,163505,163537,163541,163561],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,163506,163507,163509,163511,163513,163515,163517,163519,163521,163523,163525,163527,163529,163531,163533,163535],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,163508,4929],{"class":53},[47,163510,58],{"class":57},[47,163512,662],{"class":77},[47,163514,309],{"class":151},[47,163516,12814],{"class":155},[47,163518,309],{"class":151},[47,163520,668],{"class":77},[47,163522,303],{"class":151},[47,163524,35875],{"class":155},[47,163526,309],{"class":151},[47,163528,668],{"class":77},[47,163530,303],{"class":151},[47,163532,35884],{"class":155},[47,163534,309],{"class":151},[47,163536,679],{"class":77},[47,163538,163539],{"class":49,"line":65},[47,163540,92],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":91},[47,163542,163543,163545,163547,163549,163551,163553,163555,163557,163559],{"class":49,"line":88},[47,163544,5892],{"class":3812},[47,163546,35755],{"class":53},[47,163548,668],{"class":77},[47,163550,841],{"class":53},[47,163552,3819],{"class":3812},[47,163554,35765],{"class":98},[47,163556,78],{"class":77},[47,163558,4973],{"class":81},[47,163560,8273],{"class":77},[47,163562,163563,163565,163567,163569,163571,163573],{"class":49,"line":95},[47,163564,8000],{"class":98},[47,163566,78],{"class":77},[47,163568,35780],{"class":81},[47,163570,668],{"class":77},[47,163572,35925],{"class":81},[47,163574,85],{"class":77},[20,163576,163577,163578,914],{},"If that pattern is what you need, read ",[360,163579,13,163580,1834],{"href":91939},[15,163581,35683],{},[33,163583,1762],{"id":1761},[373,163585,1766,163587,1769],{"id":163586},"what-does-zip-return-in-python",[15,163588,64247],{},[20,163590,163591],{},"It returns a zip object, which is an iterator that produces tuples of matched items.",[373,163593,1776,163595,163597],{"id":163594},"does-zip-work-with-different-lengths",[15,163596,64247],{}," work with different lengths?",[20,163599,163600],{},"Yes, but it stops when the shortest iterable runs out of items.",[373,163602,163604,163605,1812],{"id":163603},"how-do-i-see-the-values-from-zip","How do I see the values from ",[15,163606,64247],{},[20,163608,163609,163610,914],{},"Loop over it or convert it with ",[15,163611,162217],{},[373,163613,163615,163616,1812],{"id":163614},"can-i-make-a-dictionary-with-zip","Can I make a dictionary with ",[15,163617,64247],{},[20,163619,127975,163620,163622],{},[15,163621,162370],{}," when one iterable has keys and the other has values.",[373,163624,163626],{"id":163625},"why-is-my-zip-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my zip object empty the second time?",[20,163628,163629],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After it has been used once, it is exhausted.",[33,163631,1825],{"id":1824},[185,163633,163634,163639,163645,163649,163653],{},[188,163635,163636],{},[360,163637,163638],{"href":163157},"How to use zip in Python",[188,163640,163641],{},[360,163642,13,163643,1834],{"href":91939},[15,163644,35683],{},[188,163646,163647],{},[360,163648,5148],{"href":5520},[188,163650,163651],{},[360,163652,69616],{"href":69539},[188,163654,163655],{},[360,163656,32195],{"href":31020},[1875,163658,163659],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":65,"depth":65,"links":163661},[163662,163663,163665,163666,163667,163668,163676,163682,163691,163702],{"id":35,"depth":65,"text":36},{"id":161381,"depth":65,"text":163664},"What zip() does",{"id":244,"depth":65,"text":245},{"id":161774,"depth":65,"text":161775},{"id":161951,"depth":65,"text":161952},{"id":162203,"depth":65,"text":163669,"children":163670},"Converting zip() output",[163671,163673,163675],{"id":162214,"depth":88,"text":163672},"Use list(zip(...))",{"id":162367,"depth":88,"text":163674},"Use dict(zip(keys, values))",{"id":162537,"depth":88,"text":162538},{"id":40978,"depth":65,"text":40979,"children":163677},[163678,163679,163680,163681],{"id":162699,"depth":88,"text":162700},{"id":162816,"depth":88,"text":162817},{"id":162917,"depth":88,"text":162918},{"id":163028,"depth":88,"text":163029},{"id":163161,"depth":65,"text":163683,"children":163684},"Common mistakes with zip()",[163685,163687,163688,163689],{"id":163167,"depth":88,"text":163686},"Expecting zip() to keep going to the longest iterable",{"id":163208,"depth":88,"text":163209},{"id":163311,"depth":88,"text":163312},{"id":163485,"depth":88,"text":163690},"Using zip() when you actually need indexes with enumerate()",{"id":1761,"depth":65,"text":1762,"children":163692},[163693,163695,163697,163699,163701],{"id":163586,"depth":88,"text":163694},"What does zip() return in Python?",{"id":163594,"depth":88,"text":163696},"Does zip() work with different lengths?",{"id":163603,"depth":88,"text":163698},"How do I see the values from zip()?",{"id":163614,"depth":88,"text":163700},"Can I make a dictionary with zip()?",{"id":163625,"depth":88,"text":163626},{"id":1824,"depth":65,"text":1825},"Master python zip function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained",{"title":161223,"description":163703},"reference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained","ZunBvxBXnO_OOhvHVmM9GY-KSTXZ7twigdvzrnPWr4U",1776944949270]