[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":163428},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method":3,"nav-reference":1616},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":1609,"extension":1610,"meta":1611,"navigation":407,"path":1612,"seo":1613,"stem":1614,"__hash__":1615},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method.md","Python String count() Method",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":1569},"minimark",[9,19,26,29,59,64,155,158,174,181,188,193,196,210,224,228,261,266,283,290,302,306,311,314,328,343,354,358,361,421,423,431,441,445,450,491,493,501,504,507,548,550,558,568,576,579,654,656,670,674,680,712,715,752,754,763,766,770,774,777,795,797,837,839,847,856,901,903,911,915,920,927,930,970,972,980,985,988,1031,1035,1038,1073,1078,1081,1120,1133,1141,1152,1160,1164,1169,1171,1212,1214,1222,1227,1230,1233,1251,1257,1263,1268,1271,1312,1316,1322,1424,1427,1443,1446,1468,1472,1479,1482,1489,1492,1499,1504,1511,1514,1521,1524,1528,1565],[10,11,13,14,18],"h1",{"id":12},"python-string-count-method","Python String ",[15,16,17],"code",{},"count()"," Method",[20,21,22,23,25],"p",{},"The Python string ",[15,24,17],{}," method returns how many times a substring appears in a string.",[20,27,28],{},"This reference page explains:",[30,31,32,39,42,45,56],"ul",{},[33,34,35,36,38],"li",{},"what ",[15,37,17],{}," does",[33,40,41],{},"its syntax",[33,43,44],{},"what it returns",[33,46,47,48,51,52,55],{},"how ",[15,49,50],{},"start"," and ",[15,53,54],{},"end"," work",[33,57,58],{},"common beginner mistakes",[60,61,63],"h2",{"id":62},"quick-example","Quick example",[65,66,71],"pre",{"className":67,"code":68,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"language-python shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter github-light github-dark","text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n","python","",[15,72,73,97,131],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,75,78,82,86,90,94],"span",{"class":76,"line":77},"line",1,[74,79,81],{"class":80},"su5hD","text ",[74,83,85],{"class":84},"smGrS","=",[74,87,89],{"class":88},"sjJ54"," \"",[74,91,93],{"class":92},"s_sjI","banana",[74,95,96],{"class":88},"\"\n",[74,98,100,104,108,112,115,118,120,123,126,128],{"class":76,"line":99},2,[74,101,103],{"class":102},"sptTA","print",[74,105,107],{"class":106},"sP7_E","(",[74,109,111],{"class":110},"slqww","text",[74,113,114],{"class":106},".",[74,116,117],{"class":110},"count",[74,119,107],{"class":106},[74,121,122],{"class":88},"\"",[74,124,125],{"class":92},"a",[74,127,122],{"class":88},[74,129,130],{"class":106},"))\n",[74,132,134,136,138,140,142,144,146,148,151,153],{"class":76,"line":133},3,[74,135,103],{"class":102},[74,137,107],{"class":106},[74,139,111],{"class":110},[74,141,114],{"class":106},[74,143,117],{"class":110},[74,145,107],{"class":106},[74,147,122],{"class":88},[74,149,150],{"class":92},"na",[74,152,122],{"class":88},[74,154,130],{"class":106},[20,156,157],{},"Output:",[65,159,161],{"className":67,"code":160,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"3\n2\n",[15,162,163,169],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,164,165],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,166,168],{"class":167},"srdBf","3\n",[74,170,171],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,172,173],{"class":167},"2\n",[20,175,176,177,180],{},"Use ",[15,178,179],{},"string.count(value)"," to count how many times a substring appears in a string.",[60,182,184,185,187],{"id":183},"what-the-count-method-does","What the ",[15,186,17],{}," method does",[20,189,190,192],{},[15,191,17],{}," tells you how many times some text appears inside a string.",[20,194,195],{},"Key points:",[30,197,198,201,204,207],{},[33,199,200],{},"It returns how many times a substring appears in a string",[33,202,203],{},"It works with single characters and longer strings",[33,205,206],{},"It returns an integer",[33,208,209],{},"It does not change the original string",[20,211,212,213,216,217,220,221,223],{},"For example, if you want to know how many ",[15,214,215],{},"\"a\""," characters are in ",[15,218,219],{},"\"banana\"",", ",[15,222,17],{}," is a simple choice.",[60,225,227],{"id":226},"basic-syntax","Basic syntax",[65,229,231],{"className":67,"code":230,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"string.count(value, start, end)\n",[15,232,233],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,234,235,238,240,242,244,247,250,253,255,258],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,236,237],{"class":80},"string",[74,239,114],{"class":106},[74,241,117],{"class":110},[74,243,107],{"class":106},[74,245,246],{"class":110},"value",[74,248,249],{"class":106},",",[74,251,252],{"class":110}," start",[74,254,249],{"class":106},[74,256,257],{"class":110}," end",[74,259,260],{"class":106},")\n",[262,263,265],"h3",{"id":264},"parameters","Parameters",[30,267,268,273,278],{},[33,269,270,272],{},[15,271,246],{},": the text to search for",[33,274,275,277],{},[15,276,50],{},": optional; where counting begins",[33,279,280,282],{},[15,281,54],{},": optional; where counting stops",[20,284,285,51,287,289],{},[15,286,50],{},[15,288,54],{}," work like slice positions:",[30,291,292,297],{},[33,293,294,296],{},[15,295,50],{}," is included",[33,298,299,301],{},[15,300,54],{}," is not included",[60,303,305],{"id":304},"return-value","Return value",[20,307,308,310],{},[15,309,17],{}," returns a whole number.",[20,312,313],{},"Examples:",[30,315,316,322],{},[33,317,318,319],{},"If the substring is found 3 times, it returns ",[15,320,321],{},"3",[33,323,324,325],{},"If the substring is not found, it returns ",[15,326,327],{},"0",[20,329,330,331,335,336,339,340,114],{},"It does ",[332,333,334],"strong",{},"not"," return ",[15,337,338],{},"True"," or ",[15,341,342],{},"False",[20,344,345,346,353],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, using the ",[125,347,349,352],{"href":348},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python\u002F",[15,350,351],{},"in"," operator"," is often a better fit.",[60,355,357],{"id":356},"simple-example","Simple example",[20,359,360],{},"Here is a short example that counts one character:",[65,362,364],{"className":67,"code":363,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"apple\"\nresult = text.count(\"p\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,365,366,379,403,409],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,367,368,370,372,374,377],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,369,81],{"class":80},[74,371,85],{"class":84},[74,373,89],{"class":88},[74,375,376],{"class":92},"apple",[74,378,96],{"class":88},[74,380,381,384,386,389,391,393,395,397,399,401],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,382,383],{"class":80},"result ",[74,385,85],{"class":84},[74,387,388],{"class":80}," text",[74,390,114],{"class":106},[74,392,117],{"class":110},[74,394,107],{"class":106},[74,396,122],{"class":88},[74,398,20],{"class":92},[74,400,122],{"class":88},[74,402,260],{"class":106},[74,404,405],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,406,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},true,"\n",[74,410,412,414,416,419],{"class":76,"line":411},4,[74,413,103],{"class":102},[74,415,107],{"class":106},[74,417,418],{"class":110},"result",[74,420,260],{"class":106},[20,422,157],{},[65,424,425],{"className":67,"code":173,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,426,427],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,428,429],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,430,173],{"class":167},[20,432,433,434,437,438,114],{},"This means ",[15,435,436],{},"\"p\""," appears 2 times in ",[15,439,440],{},"\"apple\"",[60,442,444],{"id":443},"counting-a-word-or-substring","Counting a word or substring",[20,446,447,449],{},[15,448,17],{}," can search for more than one character. It can count full words or repeated patterns.",[65,451,453],{"className":67,"code":452,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"cat dog cat bird cat\"\nprint(text.count(\"cat\"))\n",[15,454,455,468],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,456,457,459,461,463,466],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,458,81],{"class":80},[74,460,85],{"class":84},[74,462,89],{"class":88},[74,464,465],{"class":92},"cat dog cat bird cat",[74,467,96],{"class":88},[74,469,470,472,474,476,478,480,482,484,487,489],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,471,103],{"class":102},[74,473,107],{"class":106},[74,475,111],{"class":110},[74,477,114],{"class":106},[74,479,117],{"class":110},[74,481,107],{"class":106},[74,483,122],{"class":88},[74,485,486],{"class":92},"cat",[74,488,122],{"class":88},[74,490,130],{"class":106},[20,492,157],{},[65,494,495],{"className":67,"code":168,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,496,497],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,498,499],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,500,168],{"class":167},[20,502,503],{},"It matches exact text only. That means spacing, punctuation, and letter case matter.",[20,505,506],{},"Example:",[65,508,510],{"className":67,"code":509,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"one One one\"\nprint(text.count(\"one\"))\n",[15,511,512,525],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,513,514,516,518,520,523],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,515,81],{"class":80},[74,517,85],{"class":84},[74,519,89],{"class":88},[74,521,522],{"class":92},"one One one",[74,524,96],{"class":88},[74,526,527,529,531,533,535,537,539,541,544,546],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,528,103],{"class":102},[74,530,107],{"class":106},[74,532,111],{"class":110},[74,534,114],{"class":106},[74,536,117],{"class":110},[74,538,107],{"class":106},[74,540,122],{"class":88},[74,542,543],{"class":92},"one",[74,545,122],{"class":88},[74,547,130],{"class":106},[20,549,157],{},[65,551,552],{"className":67,"code":173,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,553,554],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,555,556],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,557,173],{"class":167},[20,559,560,561,564,565,567],{},"The uppercase ",[15,562,563],{},"\"One\""," is not counted because ",[15,566,17],{}," is case-sensitive.",[60,569,571,572,51,574],{"id":570},"using-start-and-end","Using ",[15,573,50],{},[15,575,54],{},[20,577,578],{},"You can limit the search to only part of the string.",[65,580,582],{"className":67,"code":581,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2))\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2, 5))\n",[15,583,584,596,623],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,585,586,588,590,592,594],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,587,81],{"class":80},[74,589,85],{"class":84},[74,591,89],{"class":88},[74,593,93],{"class":92},[74,595,96],{"class":88},[74,597,598,600,602,604,606,608,610,612,614,616,618,621],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,599,103],{"class":102},[74,601,107],{"class":106},[74,603,111],{"class":110},[74,605,114],{"class":106},[74,607,117],{"class":110},[74,609,107],{"class":106},[74,611,122],{"class":88},[74,613,125],{"class":92},[74,615,122],{"class":88},[74,617,249],{"class":106},[74,619,620],{"class":167}," 2",[74,622,130],{"class":106},[74,624,625,627,629,631,633,635,637,639,641,643,645,647,649,652],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,626,103],{"class":102},[74,628,107],{"class":106},[74,630,111],{"class":110},[74,632,114],{"class":106},[74,634,117],{"class":110},[74,636,107],{"class":106},[74,638,122],{"class":88},[74,640,125],{"class":92},[74,642,122],{"class":88},[74,644,249],{"class":106},[74,646,620],{"class":167},[74,648,249],{"class":106},[74,650,651],{"class":167}," 5",[74,653,130],{"class":106},[20,655,157],{},[65,657,659],{"className":67,"code":658,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"2\n1\n",[15,660,661,665],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,662,663],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,664,173],{"class":167},[74,666,667],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,668,669],{"class":167},"1\n",[262,671,673],{"id":672},"how-this-works","How this works",[20,675,676,677,679],{},"In ",[15,678,219],{},":",[30,681,682,692,701],{},[33,683,684,685,688,689],{},"index ",[15,686,687],{},"2"," starts at the first ",[15,690,691],{},"\"n\"",[33,693,694,697,698,700],{},[15,695,696],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2)"," counts from index ",[15,699,687],{}," to the end",[33,702,703,697,706,708,709],{},[15,704,705],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2, 5)",[15,707,687],{}," up to, but not including, index ",[15,710,711],{},"5",[20,713,714],{},"This is similar to slicing:",[65,716,718],{"className":67,"code":717,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text[2:5])\n",[15,719,720,732],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,721,722,724,726,728,730],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,723,81],{"class":80},[74,725,85],{"class":84},[74,727,89],{"class":88},[74,729,93],{"class":92},[74,731,96],{"class":88},[74,733,734,736,738,740,743,745,747,749],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,735,103],{"class":102},[74,737,107],{"class":106},[74,739,111],{"class":110},[74,741,742],{"class":106},"[",[74,744,687],{"class":167},[74,746,679],{"class":106},[74,748,711],{"class":167},[74,750,751],{"class":106},"])\n",[20,753,157],{},[65,755,757],{"className":67,"code":756,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"nan\n",[15,758,759],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,760,761],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,762,756],{"class":80},[20,764,765],{},"Only that section is searched.",[60,767,769],{"id":768},"case-sensitivity","Case sensitivity",[20,771,772,567],{},[15,773,17],{},[20,775,776],{},"That means:",[30,778,779,787],{},[33,780,781,51,783,786],{},[15,782,215],{},[15,784,785],{},"\"A\""," are different",[33,788,789,51,792,786],{},[15,790,791],{},"\"hello\"",[15,793,794],{},"\"Hello\"",[20,796,506],{},[65,798,800],{"className":67,"code":799,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,801,802,815],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,803,804,806,808,810,813],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,805,81],{"class":80},[74,807,85],{"class":84},[74,809,89],{"class":88},[74,811,812],{"class":92},"Apple apple APPLE",[74,814,96],{"class":88},[74,816,817,819,821,823,825,827,829,831,833,835],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,818,103],{"class":102},[74,820,107],{"class":106},[74,822,111],{"class":110},[74,824,114],{"class":106},[74,826,117],{"class":110},[74,828,107],{"class":106},[74,830,122],{"class":88},[74,832,376],{"class":92},[74,834,122],{"class":88},[74,836,130],{"class":106},[20,838,157],{},[65,840,841],{"className":67,"code":669,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,842,843],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,844,845],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,846,669],{"class":167},[20,848,849,850,679],{},"If you want case-insensitive counting, convert the string first with ",[125,851,853],{"href":852},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method\u002F",[15,854,855],{},"lower()",[65,857,859],{"className":67,"code":858,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,860,861,873],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,862,863,865,867,869,871],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,864,81],{"class":80},[74,866,85],{"class":84},[74,868,89],{"class":88},[74,870,812],{"class":92},[74,872,96],{"class":88},[74,874,875,877,879,881,883,886,889,891,893,895,897,899],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,876,103],{"class":102},[74,878,107],{"class":106},[74,880,111],{"class":110},[74,882,114],{"class":106},[74,884,885],{"class":110},"lower",[74,887,888],{"class":106},"().",[74,890,117],{"class":110},[74,892,107],{"class":106},[74,894,122],{"class":88},[74,896,376],{"class":92},[74,898,122],{"class":88},[74,900,130],{"class":106},[20,902,157],{},[65,904,905],{"className":67,"code":168,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,906,907],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,908,909],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,910,168],{"class":167},[60,912,914],{"id":913},"common-mistakes","Common mistakes",[20,916,917,918,114],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,919,17],{},[262,921,923,924,926],{"id":922},"expecting-count-to-ignore-case-automatically","Expecting ",[15,925,17],{}," to ignore case automatically",[20,928,929],{},"This will not count uppercase and lowercase as the same:",[65,931,933],{"className":67,"code":932,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,934,935,948],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,936,937,939,941,943,946],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,938,81],{"class":80},[74,940,85],{"class":84},[74,942,89],{"class":88},[74,944,945],{"class":92},"Aardvark",[74,947,96],{"class":88},[74,949,950,952,954,956,958,960,962,964,966,968],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,951,103],{"class":102},[74,953,107],{"class":106},[74,955,111],{"class":110},[74,957,114],{"class":106},[74,959,117],{"class":110},[74,961,107],{"class":106},[74,963,122],{"class":88},[74,965,125],{"class":92},[74,967,122],{"class":88},[74,969,130],{"class":106},[20,971,157],{},[65,973,974],{"className":67,"code":173,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,975,976],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,977,978],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,979,173],{"class":167},[20,981,560,982,984],{},[15,983,785],{}," at the start is not counted.",[20,986,987],{},"If needed, convert first:",[65,989,991],{"className":67,"code":990,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\n",[15,992,993,1005],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,994,995,997,999,1001,1003],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,996,81],{"class":80},[74,998,85],{"class":84},[74,1000,89],{"class":88},[74,1002,945],{"class":92},[74,1004,96],{"class":88},[74,1006,1007,1009,1011,1013,1015,1017,1019,1021,1023,1025,1027,1029],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,1008,103],{"class":102},[74,1010,107],{"class":106},[74,1012,111],{"class":110},[74,1014,114],{"class":106},[74,1016,885],{"class":110},[74,1018,888],{"class":106},[74,1020,117],{"class":110},[74,1022,107],{"class":106},[74,1024,122],{"class":88},[74,1026,125],{"class":92},[74,1028,122],{"class":88},[74,1030,130],{"class":106},[262,1032,1034],{"id":1033},"forgetting-quotes-around-the-substring","Forgetting quotes around the substring",[20,1036,1037],{},"This causes an error if the variable does not exist:",[65,1039,1041],{"className":67,"code":1040,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(a))\n",[15,1042,1043,1055],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,1044,1045,1047,1049,1051,1053],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,1046,81],{"class":80},[74,1048,85],{"class":84},[74,1050,89],{"class":88},[74,1052,93],{"class":92},[74,1054,96],{"class":88},[74,1056,1057,1059,1061,1063,1065,1067,1069,1071],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,1058,103],{"class":102},[74,1060,107],{"class":106},[74,1062,111],{"class":110},[74,1064,114],{"class":106},[74,1066,117],{"class":110},[74,1068,107],{"class":106},[74,1070,125],{"class":110},[74,1072,130],{"class":106},[20,1074,1075,1076,114],{},"Python tries to find a variable named ",[15,1077,125],{},[20,1079,1080],{},"Correct version:",[65,1082,1084],{"className":67,"code":1083,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,1085,1086,1098],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,1087,1088,1090,1092,1094,1096],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,1089,81],{"class":80},[74,1091,85],{"class":84},[74,1093,89],{"class":88},[74,1095,93],{"class":92},[74,1097,96],{"class":88},[74,1099,1100,1102,1104,1106,1108,1110,1112,1114,1116,1118],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,1101,103],{"class":102},[74,1103,107],{"class":106},[74,1105,111],{"class":110},[74,1107,114],{"class":106},[74,1109,117],{"class":110},[74,1111,107],{"class":106},[74,1113,122],{"class":88},[74,1115,125],{"class":92},[74,1117,122],{"class":88},[74,1119,130],{"class":106},[262,1121,1123,1124,1126,1127,339,1130],{"id":1122},"confusing-count-with-find-or-index","Confusing ",[15,1125,17],{}," with ",[15,1128,1129],{},"find()",[15,1131,1132],{},"index()",[20,1134,176,1135,1137,1138,114],{},[15,1136,17],{}," when you need the ",[332,1139,1140],{},"number of matches",[20,1142,176,1143,1137,1148,1151],{},[125,1144,1146],{"href":1145},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method\u002F",[15,1147,1129],{},[332,1149,1150],{},"position"," of the first match.",[20,1153,176,1154,1159],{},[125,1155,1157],{"href":1156},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method\u002F",[15,1158,1132],{}," when you also need the position, but want an error if the text is not found.",[262,1161,1163],{"id":1162},"assuming-it-counts-overlapping-matches","Assuming it counts overlapping matches",[20,1165,1166,1168],{},[15,1167,17],{}," counts non-overlapping matches only.",[20,1170,506],{},[65,1172,1174],{"className":67,"code":1173,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"aaaa\"\nprint(text.count(\"aa\"))\n",[15,1175,1176,1189],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,1177,1178,1180,1182,1184,1187],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,1179,81],{"class":80},[74,1181,85],{"class":84},[74,1183,89],{"class":88},[74,1185,1186],{"class":92},"aaaa",[74,1188,96],{"class":88},[74,1190,1191,1193,1195,1197,1199,1201,1203,1205,1208,1210],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,1192,103],{"class":102},[74,1194,107],{"class":106},[74,1196,111],{"class":110},[74,1198,114],{"class":106},[74,1200,117],{"class":110},[74,1202,107],{"class":106},[74,1204,122],{"class":88},[74,1206,1207],{"class":92},"aa",[74,1209,122],{"class":88},[74,1211,130],{"class":106},[20,1213,157],{},[65,1215,1216],{"className":67,"code":173,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,1217,1218],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,1219,1220],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,1221,173],{"class":167},[20,1223,1224,1225,114],{},"It does not return ",[15,1226,321],{},[20,1228,1229],{},"Why not?",[20,1231,1232],{},"Because Python counts these matches:",[30,1234,1235,1244],{},[33,1236,1237,1240,1241],{},[15,1238,1239],{},"\"aa\""," at positions ",[15,1242,1243],{},"0-1",[33,1245,1246,1240,1248],{},[15,1247,1239],{},[15,1249,1250],{},"2-3",[20,1252,1253,1254,114],{},"It does not count overlapping matches like positions ",[15,1255,1256],{},"1-2",[60,1258,1260,1261],{"id":1259},"when-to-use-count","When to use ",[15,1262,17],{},[20,1264,176,1265,1267],{},[15,1266,17],{}," when you need the number of matches in a string.",[20,1269,1270],{},"Choose the right tool for the job:",[30,1272,1273,1282,1292,1303],{},[33,1274,176,1275,1277,1278,1281],{},[15,1276,17],{}," when you need ",[332,1279,1280],{},"how many times"," something appears",[33,1283,176,1284,1277,1288,1291],{},[125,1285,1286],{"href":1145},[15,1287,1129],{},[332,1289,1290],{},"where"," it appears",[33,1293,1294,1295,1299,1300],{},"Use the ",[125,1296,1297,352],{"href":348},[15,1298,351],{}," when you only need to know ",[332,1301,1302],{},"if it exists",[33,1304,176,1305,1311],{},[125,1306,1308],{"href":1307},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-replace-text-in-a-string-in-python\u002F",[15,1309,1310],{},"replace()"," when you want to change matching text",[60,1313,1315],{"id":1314},"debugging-tips","Debugging tips",[20,1317,1318,1319,1321],{},"If ",[15,1320,17],{}," is not giving the result you expect, check these things:",[65,1323,1325],{"className":67,"code":1324,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,1326,1327,1337,1353,1375,1401],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,1328,1329,1331,1333,1335],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,1330,103],{"class":102},[74,1332,107],{"class":106},[74,1334,111],{"class":110},[74,1336,260],{"class":106},[74,1338,1339,1341,1343,1347,1349,1351],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,1340,103],{"class":102},[74,1342,107],{"class":106},[74,1344,1346],{"class":1345},"sZMiF","type",[74,1348,107],{"class":106},[74,1350,111],{"class":110},[74,1352,130],{"class":106},[74,1354,1355,1357,1359,1361,1363,1365,1367,1369,1371,1373],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,1356,103],{"class":102},[74,1358,107],{"class":106},[74,1360,111],{"class":110},[74,1362,114],{"class":106},[74,1364,117],{"class":110},[74,1366,107],{"class":106},[74,1368,122],{"class":88},[74,1370,125],{"class":92},[74,1372,122],{"class":88},[74,1374,130],{"class":106},[74,1376,1377,1379,1381,1383,1385,1387,1389,1391,1393,1395,1397,1399],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,1378,103],{"class":102},[74,1380,107],{"class":106},[74,1382,111],{"class":110},[74,1384,114],{"class":106},[74,1386,885],{"class":110},[74,1388,888],{"class":106},[74,1390,117],{"class":110},[74,1392,107],{"class":106},[74,1394,122],{"class":88},[74,1396,125],{"class":92},[74,1398,122],{"class":88},[74,1400,130],{"class":106},[74,1402,1404,1406,1408,1410,1412,1414,1416,1418,1420,1422],{"class":76,"line":1403},5,[74,1405,103],{"class":102},[74,1407,107],{"class":106},[74,1409,111],{"class":110},[74,1411,114],{"class":106},[74,1413,117],{"class":110},[74,1415,107],{"class":106},[74,1417,122],{"class":88},[74,1419,150],{"class":92},[74,1421,122],{"class":88},[74,1423,130],{"class":106},[20,1425,1426],{},"These checks can help you find problems such as:",[30,1428,1429,1432,1437,1440],{},[33,1430,1431],{},"the string using different uppercase and lowercase letters",[33,1433,1434,1436],{},[15,1435,111],{}," not being a string",[33,1438,1439],{},"counting the wrong substring",[33,1441,1442],{},"expecting overlapping matches",[20,1444,1445],{},"Common causes of confusion include:",[30,1447,1448,1451,1454,1457],{},[33,1449,1450],{},"trying to count text with different letter case",[33,1452,1453],{},"passing a variable name that was not defined",[33,1455,1456],{},"expecting overlapping matches to be counted",[33,1458,1459,1460,1462,1463,339,1465,1467],{},"using ",[15,1461,17],{}," when ",[15,1464,1129],{},[15,1466,351],{}," would be a better fit",[60,1469,1471],{"id":1470},"faq","FAQ",[262,1473,1475,1476,1478],{"id":1474},"does-string-count-change-the-original-string","Does string ",[15,1477,17],{}," change the original string?",[20,1480,1481],{},"No. It only returns a number. The original string stays the same.",[262,1483,1485,1486,1488],{"id":1484},"is-count-case-sensitive","Is ",[15,1487,17],{}," case-sensitive?",[20,1490,1491],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are counted separately.",[262,1493,1495,1496,1498],{"id":1494},"what-does-count-return-if-nothing-is-found","What does ",[15,1497,17],{}," return if nothing is found?",[20,1500,1501,1502,114],{},"It returns ",[15,1503,327],{},[262,1505,1507,1508,1510],{"id":1506},"can-count-count-words-instead-of-letters","Can ",[15,1509,17],{}," count words instead of letters?",[20,1512,1513],{},"Yes. It can count any substring, including full words.",[262,1515,1517,1518,1520],{"id":1516},"does-count-count-overlapping-matches","Does ",[15,1519,17],{}," count overlapping matches?",[20,1522,1523],{},"No. It counts non-overlapping matches only.",[60,1525,1527],{"id":1526},"see-also","See also",[30,1529,1530,1537,1544,1551,1558],{},[33,1531,1532],{},[125,1533,1534],{"href":1145},[15,1535,1536],{},"Python string find() method",[33,1538,1539],{},[125,1540,1541],{"href":1156},[15,1542,1543],{},"Python string index() method",[33,1545,1546],{},[125,1547,1548],{"href":852},[15,1549,1550],{},"Python string lower() method",[33,1552,1553],{},[125,1554,1555],{"href":348},[15,1556,1557],{},"How to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[33,1559,1560],{},[125,1561,1562],{"href":1307},[15,1563,1564],{},"How to replace text in a string in Python",[1566,1567,1568],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":70,"searchDepth":99,"depth":99,"links":1570},[1571,1572,1574,1577,1578,1579,1580,1584,1585,1593,1595,1596,1608],{"id":62,"depth":99,"text":63},{"id":183,"depth":99,"text":1573},"What the count() method does",{"id":226,"depth":99,"text":227,"children":1575},[1576],{"id":264,"depth":133,"text":265},{"id":304,"depth":99,"text":305},{"id":356,"depth":99,"text":357},{"id":443,"depth":99,"text":444},{"id":570,"depth":99,"text":1581,"children":1582},"Using start and end",[1583],{"id":672,"depth":133,"text":673},{"id":768,"depth":99,"text":769},{"id":913,"depth":99,"text":914,"children":1586},[1587,1589,1590,1592],{"id":922,"depth":133,"text":1588},"Expecting count() to ignore case automatically",{"id":1033,"depth":133,"text":1034},{"id":1122,"depth":133,"text":1591},"Confusing count() with find() or index()",{"id":1162,"depth":133,"text":1163},{"id":1259,"depth":99,"text":1594},"When to use count()",{"id":1314,"depth":99,"text":1315},{"id":1470,"depth":99,"text":1471,"children":1597},[1598,1600,1602,1604,1606],{"id":1474,"depth":133,"text":1599},"Does string count() change the original string?",{"id":1484,"depth":133,"text":1601},"Is count() case-sensitive?",{"id":1494,"depth":133,"text":1603},"What does count() return if nothing is found?",{"id":1506,"depth":133,"text":1605},"Can count() count words instead of letters?",{"id":1516,"depth":133,"text":1607},"Does count() count overlapping matches?",{"id":1526,"depth":99,"text":1527},"Master python string count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.","md",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method",{"title":5,"description":1609},"reference\u002Fpython-string-count-method","xCR9DWe-YanJ6UFYPr-2k6HicXjYCslaXeN-KYxccGE",[1617,3215,4926,6626,8765,10969,12486,14660,16866,19321,21160,23725,25821,28103,30051,31962,33959,35396,37221,39746,41905,43133,44502,46150,48468,50311,52293,53986,55239,56933,58678,60650,62399,64497,65852,67803,69366,71356,73150,75050,77490,79568,82208,84237,86200,88388,90391,92704,94386,95831,97025,98203,100043,102482,104186,106201,107725,108970,110133,111515,113586,115483,117257,119123,121242,122982,124275,125869,127792,129469,131404,132893,135677,137254,138813,140841,142793,144256,145445,147331,148742,150438,151992,153414,154817,156715,159109,160940],{"id":1618,"title":1619,"body":1620,"description":3209,"extension":1610,"meta":3210,"navigation":407,"path":3211,"seo":3212,"stem":3213,"__hash__":3214},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained.md","Python abs() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":1621,"toc":3181},[1622,1625,1632,1635,1646,1649,1651,1715,1717,1737,1742,1746,1751,1753,1768,1770,1795,1798,1800,1803,1819,1822,1848,1850,1908,1910,1925,1935,1946,1950,1953,2007,2009,2029,2032,2056,2063,2067,2072,2078,2080,2118,2120,2129,2136,2154,2157,2169,2173,2178,2182,2185,2206,2208,2266,2268,2276,2279,2283,2315,2317,2325,2328,2332,2337,2385,2387,2395,2399,2459,2461,2469,2472,2474,2478,2481,2504,2513,2528,2579,2581,2596,2607,2611,2614,2644,2651,2655,2660,2701,2703,2714,2717,2760,2762,2770,2774,2779,2801,2803,2812,2821,2825,2830,2852,2854,2924,2926,2978,2981,2984,2987,3067,3069,3100,3102,3106,3109,3113,3116,3120,3123,3127,3139,3143,3146,3148,3178],[10,1623,1619],{"id":1624},"python-abs-function-explained",[20,1626,1627,1628,1631],{},"The ",[15,1629,1630],{},"abs()"," function returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,1633,1634],{},"Beginners usually use it when they want:",[30,1636,1637,1640,1643],{},[33,1638,1639],{},"a number without its negative sign",[33,1641,1642],{},"the distance between two numbers",[33,1644,1645],{},"the size of a value without caring whether it is positive or negative",[20,1647,1648],{},"It works with common Python number types such as integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[60,1650,63],{"id":62},[65,1652,1654],{"className":67,"code":1653,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(abs(-7))\nprint(abs(3.5))\nprint(abs(-2+3j))\n",[15,1655,1656,1675,1690],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,1657,1658,1660,1662,1665,1667,1670,1673],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,1659,103],{"class":102},[74,1661,107],{"class":106},[74,1663,1664],{"class":102},"abs",[74,1666,107],{"class":106},[74,1668,1669],{"class":84},"-",[74,1671,1672],{"class":167},"7",[74,1674,130],{"class":106},[74,1676,1677,1679,1681,1683,1685,1688],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,1678,103],{"class":102},[74,1680,107],{"class":106},[74,1682,1664],{"class":102},[74,1684,107],{"class":106},[74,1686,1687],{"class":167},"3.5",[74,1689,130],{"class":106},[74,1691,1692,1694,1696,1698,1700,1702,1704,1707,1709,1713],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,1693,103],{"class":102},[74,1695,107],{"class":106},[74,1697,1664],{"class":102},[74,1699,107],{"class":106},[74,1701,1669],{"class":84},[74,1703,687],{"class":167},[74,1705,1706],{"class":84},"+",[74,1708,321],{"class":167},[74,1710,1712],{"class":1711},"sbsja","j",[74,1714,130],{"class":106},[20,1716,157],{},[65,1718,1720],{"className":67,"code":1719,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"7\n3.5\n3.605551275463989\n",[15,1721,1722,1727,1732],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,1723,1724],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,1725,1726],{"class":167},"7\n",[74,1728,1729],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,1730,1731],{"class":167},"3.5\n",[74,1733,1734],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,1735,1736],{"class":167},"3.605551275463989\n",[20,1738,176,1739,1741],{},[15,1740,1630],{}," to get the absolute value of a number. For complex numbers, it returns the magnitude.",[60,1743,1745],{"id":1744},"what-abs-does","What abs() does",[20,1747,1748,1750],{},[15,1749,1630],{}," returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,1752,776],{},[30,1754,1755,1758,1761],{},[33,1756,1757],{},"negative integers and floats become positive",[33,1759,1760],{},"positive numbers stay the same",[33,1762,1763,1765,1766],{},[15,1764,327],{}," stays ",[15,1767,327],{},[20,1769,313],{},[30,1771,1772,1780,1788],{},[33,1773,1774,1777,1778],{},[15,1775,1776],{},"abs(-5)"," gives ",[15,1779,711],{},[33,1781,1782,1777,1785],{},[15,1783,1784],{},"abs(9)",[15,1786,1787],{},"9",[33,1789,1790,1777,1793],{},[15,1791,1792],{},"abs(0)",[15,1794,327],{},[20,1796,1797],{},"This is useful when you care about how large a number is, but not whether it is positive or negative.",[60,1799,227],{"id":226},[20,1801,1802],{},"The syntax is:",[65,1804,1806],{"className":67,"code":1805,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"abs(x)\n",[15,1807,1808],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,1809,1810,1812,1814,1817],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,1811,1664],{"class":102},[74,1813,107],{"class":106},[74,1815,1816],{"class":110},"x",[74,1818,260],{"class":106},[20,1820,1821],{},"Here:",[30,1823,1824,1840,1845],{},[33,1825,1826,1828,1829,220,1832,1835,1836,1839],{},[15,1827,1816],{}," is usually an ",[15,1830,1831],{},"int",[15,1833,1834],{},"float",", or ",[15,1837,1838],{},"complex"," number",[33,1841,1842,1844],{},[15,1843,1630],{}," returns a new value",[33,1846,1847],{},"it does not change the original variable",[20,1849,506],{},[65,1851,1853],{"className":67,"code":1852,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"number = -12\nresult = abs(number)\n\nprint(number)\nprint(result)\n",[15,1854,1855,1868,1884,1888,1898],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,1856,1857,1860,1862,1865],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,1858,1859],{"class":80},"number ",[74,1861,85],{"class":84},[74,1863,1864],{"class":84}," -",[74,1866,1867],{"class":167},"12\n",[74,1869,1870,1872,1874,1877,1879,1882],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,1871,383],{"class":80},[74,1873,85],{"class":84},[74,1875,1876],{"class":102}," abs",[74,1878,107],{"class":106},[74,1880,1881],{"class":110},"number",[74,1883,260],{"class":106},[74,1885,1886],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,1887,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,1889,1890,1892,1894,1896],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,1891,103],{"class":102},[74,1893,107],{"class":106},[74,1895,1881],{"class":110},[74,1897,260],{"class":106},[74,1899,1900,1902,1904,1906],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,1901,103],{"class":102},[74,1903,107],{"class":106},[74,1905,418],{"class":110},[74,1907,260],{"class":106},[20,1909,157],{},[65,1911,1913],{"className":67,"code":1912,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"-12\n12\n",[15,1914,1915,1921],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,1916,1917,1919],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,1918,1669],{"class":84},[74,1920,1867],{"class":167},[74,1922,1923],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,1924,1867],{"class":167},[20,1926,1927,1928,1930,1931,1934],{},"Notice that ",[15,1929,1881],{}," is still ",[15,1932,1933],{},"-12",". If you want to keep the absolute value, you must store it in a variable.",[20,1936,1937,1938,1945],{},"If you are not sure what type a value has, the ",[125,1939,1941,1944],{"href":1940},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained\u002F",[15,1942,1943],{},"type()"," function"," can help.",[60,1947,1949],{"id":1948},"examples-with-integers-and-floats","Examples with integers and floats",[20,1951,1952],{},"Here are some basic examples:",[65,1954,1956],{"className":67,"code":1955,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(abs(-10))\nprint(abs(8))\nprint(abs(-4.2))\n",[15,1957,1958,1975,1990],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,1959,1960,1962,1964,1966,1968,1970,1973],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,1961,103],{"class":102},[74,1963,107],{"class":106},[74,1965,1664],{"class":102},[74,1967,107],{"class":106},[74,1969,1669],{"class":84},[74,1971,1972],{"class":167},"10",[74,1974,130],{"class":106},[74,1976,1977,1979,1981,1983,1985,1988],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,1978,103],{"class":102},[74,1980,107],{"class":106},[74,1982,1664],{"class":102},[74,1984,107],{"class":106},[74,1986,1987],{"class":167},"8",[74,1989,130],{"class":106},[74,1991,1992,1994,1996,1998,2000,2002,2005],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,1993,103],{"class":102},[74,1995,107],{"class":106},[74,1997,1664],{"class":102},[74,1999,107],{"class":106},[74,2001,1669],{"class":84},[74,2003,2004],{"class":167},"4.2",[74,2006,130],{"class":106},[20,2008,157],{},[65,2010,2012],{"className":67,"code":2011,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"10\n8\n4.2\n",[15,2013,2014,2019,2024],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,2015,2016],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,2017,2018],{"class":167},"10\n",[74,2020,2021],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,2022,2023],{"class":167},"8\n",[74,2025,2026],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,2027,2028],{"class":167},"4.2\n",[20,2030,2031],{},"What each line does:",[30,2033,2034,2042,2049],{},[33,2035,2036,2039,2040],{},[15,2037,2038],{},"abs(-10)"," returns ",[15,2041,1972],{},[33,2043,2044,2039,2047],{},[15,2045,2046],{},"abs(8)",[15,2048,1987],{},[33,2050,2051,2039,2054],{},[15,2052,2053],{},"abs(-4.2)",[15,2055,2004],{},[20,2057,2058,2059,114],{},"This works because integers and floats are standard numeric types in Python. If you want a refresher, see ",[125,2060,2062],{"href":2061},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-numbers-explained-int-float-complex\u002F","Python numbers explained: int, float, complex",[60,2064,2066],{"id":2065},"example-with-complex-numbers","Example with complex numbers",[20,2068,2069,2071],{},[15,2070,1630],{}," also works with complex numbers.",[20,2073,2074,2075,2077],{},"For a complex number, it returns the distance from ",[15,2076,327],{}," in the complex plane. You do not need advanced math to use this. In practice, it gives the size, or magnitude, of the complex number.",[20,2079,506],{},[65,2081,2083],{"className":67,"code":2082,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"value = 3 + 4j\nprint(abs(value))\n",[15,2084,2085,2104],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,2086,2087,2090,2092,2095,2098,2101],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,2088,2089],{"class":80},"value ",[74,2091,85],{"class":84},[74,2093,2094],{"class":167}," 3",[74,2096,2097],{"class":84}," +",[74,2099,2100],{"class":167}," 4",[74,2102,2103],{"class":1711},"j\n",[74,2105,2106,2108,2110,2112,2114,2116],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,2107,103],{"class":102},[74,2109,107],{"class":106},[74,2111,1664],{"class":102},[74,2113,107],{"class":106},[74,2115,246],{"class":110},[74,2117,130],{"class":106},[20,2119,157],{},[65,2121,2123],{"className":67,"code":2122,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"5.0\n",[15,2124,2125],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,2126,2127],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,2128,2122],{"class":167},[20,2130,2131,2132,2135],{},"Why ",[15,2133,2134],{},"5.0","?",[30,2137,2138,2143,2149],{},[33,2139,2140,2141],{},"the real part is ",[15,2142,321],{},[33,2144,2145,2146],{},"the imaginary part is ",[15,2147,2148],{},"4",[33,2150,2151,2152],{},"the magnitude is ",[15,2153,2134],{},[20,2155,2156],{},"For beginners, the main thing to remember is simple:",[30,2158,2159,2166],{},[33,2160,2161,2163,2164],{},[15,2162,1630],{}," on a complex number returns a ",[15,2165,1834],{},[33,2167,2168],{},"it gives the number's magnitude, not a complex number back",[60,2170,2172],{"id":2171},"common-beginner-uses","Common beginner uses",[20,2174,2175,2176,114],{},"Here are some common ways beginners use ",[15,2177,1630],{},[262,2179,2181],{"id":2180},"finding-the-distance-between-two-numbers","Finding the distance between two numbers",[20,2183,2184],{},"A very common pattern is:",[65,2186,2188],{"className":67,"code":2187,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"abs(a - b)\n",[15,2189,2190],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,2191,2192,2194,2196,2199,2201,2204],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,2193,1664],{"class":102},[74,2195,107],{"class":106},[74,2197,2198],{"class":110},"a ",[74,2200,1669],{"class":84},[74,2202,2203],{"class":110}," b",[74,2205,260],{"class":106},[20,2207,506],{},[65,2209,2211],{"className":67,"code":2210,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"a = 3\nb = 10\n\ndistance = abs(a - b)\nprint(distance)\n",[15,2212,2213,2222,2232,2236,2255],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,2214,2215,2217,2219],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,2216,2198],{"class":80},[74,2218,85],{"class":84},[74,2220,2221],{"class":167}," 3\n",[74,2223,2224,2227,2229],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,2225,2226],{"class":80},"b ",[74,2228,85],{"class":84},[74,2230,2231],{"class":167}," 10\n",[74,2233,2234],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,2235,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,2237,2238,2241,2243,2245,2247,2249,2251,2253],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,2239,2240],{"class":80},"distance ",[74,2242,85],{"class":84},[74,2244,1876],{"class":102},[74,2246,107],{"class":106},[74,2248,2198],{"class":110},[74,2250,1669],{"class":84},[74,2252,2203],{"class":110},[74,2254,260],{"class":106},[74,2256,2257,2259,2261,2264],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,2258,103],{"class":102},[74,2260,107],{"class":106},[74,2262,2263],{"class":110},"distance",[74,2265,260],{"class":106},[20,2267,157],{},[65,2269,2270],{"className":67,"code":1726,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,2271,2272],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,2273,2274],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,2275,1726],{"class":167},[20,2277,2278],{},"This tells you how far apart two numbers are.",[262,2280,2282],{"id":2281},"comparing-how-far-a-value-is-from-zero","Comparing how far a value is from zero",[65,2284,2286],{"className":67,"code":2285,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"temperature_change = -6\nprint(abs(temperature_change))\n",[15,2287,2288,2300],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,2289,2290,2293,2295,2297],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,2291,2292],{"class":80},"temperature_change ",[74,2294,85],{"class":84},[74,2296,1864],{"class":84},[74,2298,2299],{"class":167},"6\n",[74,2301,2302,2304,2306,2308,2310,2313],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,2303,103],{"class":102},[74,2305,107],{"class":106},[74,2307,1664],{"class":102},[74,2309,107],{"class":106},[74,2311,2312],{"class":110},"temperature_change",[74,2314,130],{"class":106},[20,2316,157],{},[65,2318,2319],{"className":67,"code":2299,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,2320,2321],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,2322,2323],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,2324,2299],{"class":167},[20,2326,2327],{},"This is useful when the size of the change matters more than the direction.",[262,2329,2331],{"id":2330},"working-with-negative-input-values-safely","Working with negative input values safely",[20,2333,2334,2335,1945],{},"If a user enters a negative number but your program needs a positive value, ",[15,2336,1630],{},[65,2338,2340],{"className":67,"code":2339,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"balance_change = -25\nsafe_value = abs(balance_change)\n\nprint(safe_value)\n",[15,2341,2342,2354,2370,2374],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,2343,2344,2347,2349,2351],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,2345,2346],{"class":80},"balance_change ",[74,2348,85],{"class":84},[74,2350,1864],{"class":84},[74,2352,2353],{"class":167},"25\n",[74,2355,2356,2359,2361,2363,2365,2368],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,2357,2358],{"class":80},"safe_value ",[74,2360,85],{"class":84},[74,2362,1876],{"class":102},[74,2364,107],{"class":106},[74,2366,2367],{"class":110},"balance_change",[74,2369,260],{"class":106},[74,2371,2372],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,2373,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,2375,2376,2378,2380,2383],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,2377,103],{"class":102},[74,2379,107],{"class":106},[74,2381,2382],{"class":110},"safe_value",[74,2384,260],{"class":106},[20,2386,157],{},[65,2388,2389],{"className":67,"code":2353,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,2390,2391],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,2392,2393],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,2394,2353],{"class":167},[262,2396,2398],{"id":2397},"checking-the-absolute-difference-in-simple-programs","Checking the absolute difference in simple programs",[65,2400,2402],{"className":67,"code":2401,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"guess = 42\ntarget = 50\n\ndifference = abs(guess - target)\nprint(difference)\n",[15,2403,2404,2414,2424,2428,2448],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,2405,2406,2409,2411],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,2407,2408],{"class":80},"guess ",[74,2410,85],{"class":84},[74,2412,2413],{"class":167}," 42\n",[74,2415,2416,2419,2421],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,2417,2418],{"class":80},"target ",[74,2420,85],{"class":84},[74,2422,2423],{"class":167}," 50\n",[74,2425,2426],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,2427,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,2429,2430,2433,2435,2437,2439,2441,2443,2446],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,2431,2432],{"class":80},"difference ",[74,2434,85],{"class":84},[74,2436,1876],{"class":102},[74,2438,107],{"class":106},[74,2440,2408],{"class":110},[74,2442,1669],{"class":84},[74,2444,2445],{"class":110}," target",[74,2447,260],{"class":106},[74,2449,2450,2452,2454,2457],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,2451,103],{"class":102},[74,2453,107],{"class":106},[74,2455,2456],{"class":110},"difference",[74,2458,260],{"class":106},[20,2460,157],{},[65,2462,2463],{"className":67,"code":2023,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,2464,2465],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,2466,2467],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,2468,2023],{"class":167},[20,2470,2471],{},"This is useful in guessing games, scoring programs, and simple comparisons.",[60,2473,914],{"id":913},[262,2475,2477],{"id":2476},"passing-a-string-to-abs","Passing a string to abs()",[20,2479,2480],{},"This causes an error:",[65,2482,2484],{"className":67,"code":2483,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(abs(\"5\"))\n",[15,2485,2486],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,2487,2488,2490,2492,2494,2496,2498,2500,2502],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,2489,103],{"class":102},[74,2491,107],{"class":106},[74,2493,1664],{"class":102},[74,2495,107],{"class":106},[74,2497,122],{"class":88},[74,2499,711],{"class":92},[74,2501,122],{"class":88},[74,2503,130],{"class":106},[20,2505,2506,2509,2510,2512],{},[15,2507,2508],{},"\"5\""," is a string, not a number. ",[15,2511,1630],{}," needs a numeric value.",[20,2514,2515,2516,339,2522,679],{},"Fix it by converting the string first with ",[125,2517,2519],{"href":2518},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained\u002F",[15,2520,2521],{},"int()",[125,2523,2525],{"href":2524},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained\u002F",[15,2526,2527],{},"float()",[65,2529,2531],{"className":67,"code":2530,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(abs(int(\"5\")))\nprint(abs(float(\"-3.2\")))\n",[15,2532,2533,2556],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,2534,2535,2537,2539,2541,2543,2545,2547,2549,2551,2553],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,2536,103],{"class":102},[74,2538,107],{"class":106},[74,2540,1664],{"class":102},[74,2542,107],{"class":106},[74,2544,1831],{"class":1345},[74,2546,107],{"class":106},[74,2548,122],{"class":88},[74,2550,711],{"class":92},[74,2552,122],{"class":88},[74,2554,2555],{"class":106},")))\n",[74,2557,2558,2560,2562,2564,2566,2568,2570,2572,2575,2577],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,2559,103],{"class":102},[74,2561,107],{"class":106},[74,2563,1664],{"class":102},[74,2565,107],{"class":106},[74,2567,1834],{"class":1345},[74,2569,107],{"class":106},[74,2571,122],{"class":88},[74,2573,2574],{"class":92},"-3.2",[74,2576,122],{"class":88},[74,2578,2555],{"class":106},[20,2580,157],{},[65,2582,2584],{"className":67,"code":2583,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"5\n3.2\n",[15,2585,2586,2591],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,2587,2588],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,2589,2590],{"class":167},"5\n",[74,2592,2593],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,2594,2595],{"class":167},"3.2\n",[20,2597,2598,2599,2602,2603,114],{},"If you are working with keyboard input, this mistake often happens because ",[15,2600,2601],{},"input()"," always returns a string. See ",[125,2604,2606],{"href":2605},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-int-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to an int in Python",[262,2608,2610],{"id":2609},"passing-a-list-or-dictionary","Passing a list or dictionary",[20,2612,2613],{},"Unsupported types also cause an error:",[65,2615,2617],{"className":67,"code":2616,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(abs([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,2618,2619],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,2620,2621,2623,2625,2627,2630,2633,2635,2637,2639,2641],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,2622,103],{"class":102},[74,2624,107],{"class":106},[74,2626,1664],{"class":102},[74,2628,2629],{"class":106},"([",[74,2631,2632],{"class":167},"1",[74,2634,249],{"class":106},[74,2636,620],{"class":167},[74,2638,249],{"class":106},[74,2640,2094],{"class":167},[74,2642,2643],{"class":106},"]))\n",[20,2645,2646,2647,2650],{},"This raises a ",[15,2648,2649],{},"TypeError"," because lists do not have an absolute value.",[262,2652,2654],{"id":2653},"assuming-abs-changes-the-original-variable","Assuming abs() changes the original variable",[20,2656,2657,2659],{},[15,2658,1630],{}," does not update the variable by itself.",[65,2661,2663],{"className":67,"code":2662,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"x = -9\nabs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,2664,2665,2677,2687,2691],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,2666,2667,2670,2672,2674],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,2668,2669],{"class":80},"x ",[74,2671,85],{"class":84},[74,2673,1864],{"class":84},[74,2675,2676],{"class":167},"9\n",[74,2678,2679,2681,2683,2685],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,2680,1664],{"class":102},[74,2682,107],{"class":106},[74,2684,1816],{"class":110},[74,2686,260],{"class":106},[74,2688,2689],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,2690,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,2692,2693,2695,2697,2699],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,2694,103],{"class":102},[74,2696,107],{"class":106},[74,2698,1816],{"class":110},[74,2700,260],{"class":106},[20,2702,157],{},[65,2704,2706],{"className":67,"code":2705,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"-9\n",[15,2707,2708],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,2709,2710,2712],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,2711,1669],{"class":84},[74,2713,2676],{"class":167},[20,2715,2716],{},"If you want to store the result:",[65,2718,2720],{"className":67,"code":2719,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"x = -9\nx = abs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,2721,2722,2732,2746,2750],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,2723,2724,2726,2728,2730],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,2725,2669],{"class":80},[74,2727,85],{"class":84},[74,2729,1864],{"class":84},[74,2731,2676],{"class":167},[74,2733,2734,2736,2738,2740,2742,2744],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,2735,2669],{"class":80},[74,2737,85],{"class":84},[74,2739,1876],{"class":102},[74,2741,107],{"class":106},[74,2743,1816],{"class":110},[74,2745,260],{"class":106},[74,2747,2748],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,2749,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,2751,2752,2754,2756,2758],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,2753,103],{"class":102},[74,2755,107],{"class":106},[74,2757,1816],{"class":110},[74,2759,260],{"class":106},[20,2761,157],{},[65,2763,2764],{"className":67,"code":2676,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,2765,2766],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,2767,2768],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,2769,2676],{"class":167},[262,2771,2773],{"id":2772},"confusing-absolute-value-with-rounding","Confusing absolute value with rounding",[20,2775,2776,2778],{},[15,2777,1630],{}," does not round numbers.",[65,2780,2782],{"className":67,"code":2781,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(abs(-4.7))\n",[15,2783,2784],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,2785,2786,2788,2790,2792,2794,2796,2799],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,2787,103],{"class":102},[74,2789,107],{"class":106},[74,2791,1664],{"class":102},[74,2793,107],{"class":106},[74,2795,1669],{"class":84},[74,2797,2798],{"class":167},"4.7",[74,2800,130],{"class":106},[20,2802,157],{},[65,2804,2806],{"className":67,"code":2805,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"4.7\n",[15,2807,2808],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,2809,2810],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,2811,2805],{"class":167},[20,2813,2814,2815,2817,2818,2820],{},"If you expected ",[15,2816,711],{},", that is a different operation. ",[15,2819,1630],{}," removes the negative sign. It does not change the decimal part.",[60,2822,2824],{"id":2823},"return-values-and-types","Return values and types",[20,2826,2827,2829],{},[15,2828,1630],{}," returns different types depending on the input:",[30,2831,2832,2839,2846],{},[33,2833,2834,2836,2837],{},[15,2835,1831],{}," input → returns an ",[15,2838,1831],{},[33,2840,2841,2843,2844],{},[15,2842,1834],{}," input → returns a ",[15,2845,1834],{},[33,2847,2848,2843,2850],{},[15,2849,1838],{},[15,2851,1834],{},[20,2853,506],{},[65,2855,2857],{"className":67,"code":2856,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(type(abs(-5)))\nprint(type(abs(-3.2)))\nprint(type(abs(3 + 4j)))\n",[15,2858,2859,2879,2900],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,2860,2861,2863,2865,2867,2869,2871,2873,2875,2877],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,2862,103],{"class":102},[74,2864,107],{"class":106},[74,2866,1346],{"class":1345},[74,2868,107],{"class":106},[74,2870,1664],{"class":102},[74,2872,107],{"class":106},[74,2874,1669],{"class":84},[74,2876,711],{"class":167},[74,2878,2555],{"class":106},[74,2880,2881,2883,2885,2887,2889,2891,2893,2895,2898],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,2882,103],{"class":102},[74,2884,107],{"class":106},[74,2886,1346],{"class":1345},[74,2888,107],{"class":106},[74,2890,1664],{"class":102},[74,2892,107],{"class":106},[74,2894,1669],{"class":84},[74,2896,2897],{"class":167},"3.2",[74,2899,2555],{"class":106},[74,2901,2902,2904,2906,2908,2910,2912,2914,2916,2918,2920,2922],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,2903,103],{"class":102},[74,2905,107],{"class":106},[74,2907,1346],{"class":1345},[74,2909,107],{"class":106},[74,2911,1664],{"class":102},[74,2913,107],{"class":106},[74,2915,321],{"class":167},[74,2917,2097],{"class":84},[74,2919,2100],{"class":167},[74,2921,1712],{"class":1711},[74,2923,2555],{"class":106},[20,2925,157],{},[65,2927,2929],{"className":67,"code":2928,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,2930,2931,2950,2964],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,2932,2933,2936,2939,2942,2944,2947],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,2934,2935],{"class":84},"\u003C",[74,2937,2938],{"class":1711},"class",[74,2940,2941],{"class":88}," '",[74,2943,1831],{"class":92},[74,2945,2946],{"class":88},"'",[74,2948,2949],{"class":84},">\n",[74,2951,2952,2954,2956,2958,2960,2962],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,2953,2935],{"class":84},[74,2955,2938],{"class":1711},[74,2957,2941],{"class":88},[74,2959,1834],{"class":92},[74,2961,2946],{"class":88},[74,2963,2949],{"class":84},[74,2965,2966,2968,2970,2972,2974,2976],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,2967,2935],{"class":84},[74,2969,2938],{"class":1711},[74,2971,2941],{"class":88},[74,2973,1834],{"class":92},[74,2975,2946],{"class":88},[74,2977,2949],{"class":84},[20,2979,2980],{},"This matters because beginners often check value types while debugging.",[20,2982,2983],{},"If your value comes from user input, convert it first and then check the type if needed.",[20,2985,2986],{},"Useful debugging steps:",[65,2988,2990],{"className":67,"code":2989,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"value = \"-5\"\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nuser_input = \"-3.7\"\nprint(abs(float(user_input)))\n",[15,2991,2992,3005,3015,3029,3033,3047],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,2993,2994,2996,2998,3000,3003],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,2995,2089],{"class":80},[74,2997,85],{"class":84},[74,2999,89],{"class":88},[74,3001,3002],{"class":92},"-5",[74,3004,96],{"class":88},[74,3006,3007,3009,3011,3013],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,3008,103],{"class":102},[74,3010,107],{"class":106},[74,3012,246],{"class":110},[74,3014,260],{"class":106},[74,3016,3017,3019,3021,3023,3025,3027],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,3018,103],{"class":102},[74,3020,107],{"class":106},[74,3022,1346],{"class":1345},[74,3024,107],{"class":106},[74,3026,246],{"class":110},[74,3028,130],{"class":106},[74,3030,3031],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,3032,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,3034,3035,3038,3040,3042,3045],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,3036,3037],{"class":80},"user_input ",[74,3039,85],{"class":84},[74,3041,89],{"class":88},[74,3043,3044],{"class":92},"-3.7",[74,3046,96],{"class":88},[74,3048,3050,3052,3054,3056,3058,3060,3062,3065],{"class":76,"line":3049},6,[74,3051,103],{"class":102},[74,3053,107],{"class":106},[74,3055,1664],{"class":102},[74,3057,107],{"class":106},[74,3059,1834],{"class":1345},[74,3061,107],{"class":106},[74,3063,3064],{"class":110},"user_input",[74,3066,2555],{"class":106},[20,3068,157],{},[65,3070,3072],{"className":67,"code":3071,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"-5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n3.7\n",[15,3073,3074,3080,3095],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,3075,3076,3078],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,3077,1669],{"class":84},[74,3079,2590],{"class":167},[74,3081,3082,3084,3086,3088,3091,3093],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,3083,2935],{"class":84},[74,3085,2938],{"class":1711},[74,3087,2941],{"class":88},[74,3089,3090],{"class":92},"str",[74,3092,2946],{"class":88},[74,3094,2949],{"class":84},[74,3096,3097],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,3098,3099],{"class":167},"3.7\n",[60,3101,1471],{"id":1470},[262,3103,3105],{"id":3104},"what-does-abs-mean-in-python","What does abs() mean in Python?",[20,3107,3108],{},"It returns the absolute value of a number. This means the value without a negative sign.",[262,3110,3112],{"id":3111},"does-abs-work-with-floats","Does abs() work with floats?",[20,3114,3115],{},"Yes. It works with integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[262,3117,3119],{"id":3118},"does-abs-change-the-original-variable","Does abs() change the original variable?",[20,3121,3122],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to store the result.",[262,3124,3126],{"id":3125},"why-does-absinput-give-an-error","Why does abs(input()) give an error?",[20,3128,3129,3131,3132,339,3134,3136,3137,114],{},[15,3130,2601],{}," returns a string. Convert it first with ",[15,3133,2521],{},[15,3135,2527],{}," before using ",[15,3138,1630],{},[262,3140,3142],{"id":3141},"what-does-abs-return-for-a-complex-number","What does abs() return for a complex number?",[20,3144,3145],{},"It returns the magnitude as a float.",[60,3147,1527],{"id":1526},[30,3149,3150,3157,3163,3169,3174],{},[33,3151,3152],{},[125,3153,3154,3156],{"href":2518},[15,3155,2521],{}," function explained",[33,3158,3159],{},[125,3160,3161,3156],{"href":2524},[15,3162,2527],{},[33,3164,3165],{},[125,3166,3167,3156],{"href":1940},[15,3168,1943],{},[33,3170,3171],{},[125,3172,3173],{"href":2605},"How to convert a string to an int in Python",[33,3175,3176],{},[125,3177,2062],{"href":2061},[1566,3179,3180],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":70,"searchDepth":99,"depth":99,"links":3182},[3183,3184,3185,3186,3187,3188,3194,3200,3201,3208],{"id":62,"depth":99,"text":63},{"id":1744,"depth":99,"text":1745},{"id":226,"depth":99,"text":227},{"id":1948,"depth":99,"text":1949},{"id":2065,"depth":99,"text":2066},{"id":2171,"depth":99,"text":2172,"children":3189},[3190,3191,3192,3193],{"id":2180,"depth":133,"text":2181},{"id":2281,"depth":133,"text":2282},{"id":2330,"depth":133,"text":2331},{"id":2397,"depth":133,"text":2398},{"id":913,"depth":99,"text":914,"children":3195},[3196,3197,3198,3199],{"id":2476,"depth":133,"text":2477},{"id":2609,"depth":133,"text":2610},{"id":2653,"depth":133,"text":2654},{"id":2772,"depth":133,"text":2773},{"id":2823,"depth":99,"text":2824},{"id":1470,"depth":99,"text":1471,"children":3202},[3203,3204,3205,3206,3207],{"id":3104,"depth":133,"text":3105},{"id":3111,"depth":133,"text":3112},{"id":3118,"depth":133,"text":3119},{"id":3125,"depth":133,"text":3126},{"id":3141,"depth":133,"text":3142},{"id":1526,"depth":99,"text":1527},"Master python abs function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained",{"title":1619,"description":3209},"reference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained","xZAUASskbMCeUoHg_mObxnwl-ISSbujkBvQOGfQBzh4",{"id":3216,"title":3217,"body":3218,"description":4920,"extension":1610,"meta":4921,"navigation":407,"path":4922,"seo":4923,"stem":4924,"__hash__":4925},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained.md","Python all() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":3219,"toc":4884},[3220,3228,3234,3237,3253,3257,3316,3325,3331,3335,3354,3357,3374,3377,3381,3389,3406,3409,3449,3452,3459,3465,3541,3543,3574,3580,3584,3588,3627,3629,3638,3645,3649,3688,3690,3699,3709,3713,3767,3769,3777,3780,3783,3830,3832,3840,3846,3853,3858,3861,3864,3931,3933,3941,3944,4011,4013,4021,4035,4038,4049,4053,4059,4062,4064,4080,4082,4090,4093,4096,4099,4116,4119,4122,4152,4154,4167,4171,4175,4178,4193,4198,4201,4228,4235,4238,4277,4283,4289,4297,4300,4352,4359,4424,4429,4438,4441,4459,4465,4468,4610,4615,4620,4623,4634,4637,4693,4695,4703,4706,4765,4767,4775,4778,4789,4791,4797,4805,4813,4816,4822,4825,4834,4847,4849,4881],[10,3221,3223,3224,3227],{"id":3222},"python-all-function-explained","Python ",[15,3225,3226],{},"all()"," Function Explained",[20,3229,3230,3231,3233],{},"Python’s ",[15,3232,3226],{}," function checks whether every item in an iterable is truthy.",[20,3235,3236],{},"It is a small function, but it causes a lot of beginner confusion because:",[30,3238,3239,3242,3245],{},[33,3240,3241],{},"it works with truthy and falsy values",[33,3243,3244],{},"it takes one iterable argument",[33,3246,3247,2039,3250,3252],{},[15,3248,3249],{},"all([])",[15,3251,338],{},", which often seems strange at first",[60,3254,3256],{"id":3255},"quick-answer","Quick answer",[65,3258,3260],{"className":67,"code":3259,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(numbers)\nprint(result)  # True\n",[15,3261,3262,3285,3301],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,3263,3264,3267,3269,3272,3274,3276,3278,3280,3282],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,3265,3266],{"class":80},"numbers ",[74,3268,85],{"class":84},[74,3270,3271],{"class":106}," [",[74,3273,2632],{"class":167},[74,3275,249],{"class":106},[74,3277,620],{"class":167},[74,3279,249],{"class":106},[74,3281,2094],{"class":167},[74,3283,3284],{"class":106},"]\n",[74,3286,3287,3289,3291,3294,3296,3299],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,3288,383],{"class":80},[74,3290,85],{"class":84},[74,3292,3293],{"class":102}," all",[74,3295,107],{"class":106},[74,3297,3298],{"class":110},"numbers",[74,3300,260],{"class":106},[74,3302,3303,3305,3307,3309,3312],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,3304,103],{"class":102},[74,3306,107],{"class":106},[74,3308,418],{"class":110},[74,3310,3311],{"class":106},")",[74,3313,3315],{"class":3314},"sutJx","  # True\n",[20,3317,3318,2039,3320,3322,3323,114],{},[15,3319,3226],{},[15,3321,338],{}," only if every item in the iterable is truthy. If even one item is falsy, it returns ",[15,3324,342],{},[60,3326,3328,3329,38],{"id":3327},"what-all-does","What ",[15,3330,3226],{},[20,3332,3333,679],{},[15,3334,3226],{},[30,3336,3337,3340,3346,3351],{},[33,3338,3339],{},"checks every item in an iterable",[33,3341,3342,3343,3345],{},"returns ",[15,3344,338],{}," if all items are truthy",[33,3347,3342,3348,3350],{},[15,3349,342],{}," if any item is falsy",[33,3352,3353],{},"works with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterables",[20,3355,3356],{},"Basic syntax:",[65,3358,3360],{"className":67,"code":3359,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"all(iterable)\n",[15,3361,3362],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,3363,3364,3367,3369,3372],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,3365,3366],{"class":102},"all",[74,3368,107],{"class":106},[74,3370,3371],{"class":110},"iterable",[74,3373,260],{"class":106},[20,3375,3376],{},"The argument must be a single iterable, not several separate values.",[60,3378,3380],{"id":3379},"what-truthy-and-falsy-mean","What truthy and falsy mean",[20,3382,3383,3384,339,3386,3388],{},"In Python, values are often treated as either ",[15,3385,338],{},[15,3387,342],{}," in conditions.",[30,3390,3391,3399],{},[33,3392,3393,3396,3397],{},[332,3394,3395],{},"Truthy"," values act like ",[15,3398,338],{},[33,3400,3401,3396,3404],{},[332,3402,3403],{},"Falsy",[15,3405,342],{},[20,3407,3408],{},"Common falsy values include:",[30,3410,3411,3415,3420,3425,3430,3434,3439,3444],{},[33,3412,3413],{},[15,3414,327],{},[33,3416,3417],{},[15,3418,3419],{},"0.0",[33,3421,3422],{},[15,3423,3424],{},"''",[33,3426,3427],{},[15,3428,3429],{},"None",[33,3431,3432],{},[15,3433,342],{},[33,3435,3436],{},[15,3437,3438],{},"[]",[33,3440,3441],{},[15,3442,3443],{},"{}",[33,3445,3446],{},[15,3447,3448],{},"set()",[20,3450,3451],{},"Most other values are truthy.",[20,3453,3454,3455,114],{},"If you are new to this idea, see ",[125,3456,3458],{"href":3457},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false","Python booleans explained: true and false",[20,3460,3461,3462,679],{},"You can test this with ",[15,3463,3464],{},"bool()",[65,3466,3468],{"className":67,"code":3467,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"values = [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]\n\nprint([bool(x) for x in values])\n",[15,3469,3470,3508,3512],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,3471,3472,3475,3477,3479,3481,3483,3486,3488,3491,3493,3495,3498,3500,3502,3506],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,3473,3474],{"class":80},"values ",[74,3476,85],{"class":84},[74,3478,3271],{"class":106},[74,3480,2632],{"class":167},[74,3482,249],{"class":106},[74,3484,3485],{"class":167}," 0",[74,3487,249],{"class":106},[74,3489,3490],{"class":88}," ''",[74,3492,249],{"class":106},[74,3494,2941],{"class":88},[74,3496,3497],{"class":92},"hello",[74,3499,2946],{"class":88},[74,3501,249],{"class":106},[74,3503,3505],{"class":3504},"s39Yj"," None",[74,3507,3284],{"class":106},[74,3509,3510],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,3511,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,3513,3514,3516,3518,3521,3523,3525,3527,3531,3534,3536,3539],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,3515,103],{"class":102},[74,3517,2629],{"class":106},[74,3519,3520],{"class":1345},"bool",[74,3522,107],{"class":106},[74,3524,1816],{"class":110},[74,3526,3311],{"class":106},[74,3528,3530],{"class":3529},"sVHd0"," for",[74,3532,3533],{"class":110}," x ",[74,3535,351],{"class":3529},[74,3537,3538],{"class":110}," values",[74,3540,751],{"class":106},[20,3542,157],{},[65,3544,3546],{"className":67,"code":3545,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"[True, False, False, True, False]\n",[15,3547,3548],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,3549,3550,3552,3554,3556,3559,3561,3563,3565,3568,3570,3572],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,3551,742],{"class":106},[74,3553,338],{"class":3504},[74,3555,249],{"class":106},[74,3557,3558],{"class":3504}," False",[74,3560,249],{"class":106},[74,3562,3558],{"class":3504},[74,3564,249],{"class":106},[74,3566,3567],{"class":3504}," True",[74,3569,249],{"class":106},[74,3571,3558],{"class":3504},[74,3573,3284],{"class":106},[20,3575,3576,3577,3579],{},"This matters because ",[15,3578,3226],{}," does not compare values. It checks whether each value is truthy.",[60,3581,3583],{"id":3582},"basic-examples","Basic examples",[262,3585,3587],{"id":3586},"example-all-numbers-are-non-zero","Example: all numbers are non-zero",[65,3589,3591],{"className":67,"code":3590,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,3592,3593,3613],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,3594,3595,3597,3599,3601,3603,3605,3607,3609,3611],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,3596,3266],{"class":80},[74,3598,85],{"class":84},[74,3600,3271],{"class":106},[74,3602,2632],{"class":167},[74,3604,249],{"class":106},[74,3606,620],{"class":167},[74,3608,249],{"class":106},[74,3610,2094],{"class":167},[74,3612,3284],{"class":106},[74,3614,3615,3617,3619,3621,3623,3625],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,3616,103],{"class":102},[74,3618,107],{"class":106},[74,3620,3366],{"class":102},[74,3622,107],{"class":106},[74,3624,3298],{"class":110},[74,3626,130],{"class":106},[20,3628,157],{},[65,3630,3632],{"className":67,"code":3631,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"True\n",[15,3633,3634],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,3635,3636],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,3637,3631],{"class":3504},[20,3639,3640,3641,2039,3643,114],{},"Each number is truthy, so ",[15,3642,3226],{},[15,3644,338],{},[262,3646,3648],{"id":3647},"example-one-number-is-zero","Example: one number is zero",[65,3650,3652],{"className":67,"code":3651,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [1, 0, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,3653,3654,3674],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,3655,3656,3658,3660,3662,3664,3666,3668,3670,3672],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,3657,3266],{"class":80},[74,3659,85],{"class":84},[74,3661,3271],{"class":106},[74,3663,2632],{"class":167},[74,3665,249],{"class":106},[74,3667,3485],{"class":167},[74,3669,249],{"class":106},[74,3671,2094],{"class":167},[74,3673,3284],{"class":106},[74,3675,3676,3678,3680,3682,3684,3686],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,3677,103],{"class":102},[74,3679,107],{"class":106},[74,3681,3366],{"class":102},[74,3683,107],{"class":106},[74,3685,3298],{"class":110},[74,3687,130],{"class":106},[20,3689,157],{},[65,3691,3693],{"className":67,"code":3692,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"False\n",[15,3694,3695],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,3696,3697],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,3698,3692],{"class":3504},[20,3700,3701,3702,3704,3705,2039,3707,114],{},"The value ",[15,3703,327],{}," is falsy, so ",[15,3706,3226],{},[15,3708,342],{},[262,3710,3712],{"id":3711},"example-strings","Example: strings",[65,3714,3716],{"className":67,"code":3715,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"words = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,3717,3718,3752],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,3719,3720,3723,3725,3727,3729,3731,3733,3735,3737,3739,3741,3743,3745,3748,3750],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,3721,3722],{"class":80},"words ",[74,3724,85],{"class":84},[74,3726,3271],{"class":106},[74,3728,2946],{"class":88},[74,3730,376],{"class":92},[74,3732,2946],{"class":88},[74,3734,249],{"class":106},[74,3736,2941],{"class":88},[74,3738,93],{"class":92},[74,3740,2946],{"class":88},[74,3742,249],{"class":106},[74,3744,2941],{"class":88},[74,3746,3747],{"class":92},"cherry",[74,3749,2946],{"class":88},[74,3751,3284],{"class":106},[74,3753,3754,3756,3758,3760,3762,3765],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,3755,103],{"class":102},[74,3757,107],{"class":106},[74,3759,3366],{"class":102},[74,3761,107],{"class":106},[74,3763,3764],{"class":110},"words",[74,3766,130],{"class":106},[20,3768,157],{},[65,3770,3771],{"className":67,"code":3631,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,3772,3773],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,3774,3775],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,3776,3631],{"class":3504},[20,3778,3779],{},"All strings are non-empty, so they are truthy.",[20,3781,3782],{},"Now look at a list with an empty string:",[65,3784,3786],{"className":67,"code":3785,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"words = ['apple', '', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,3787,3788,3816],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,3789,3790,3792,3794,3796,3798,3800,3802,3804,3806,3808,3810,3812,3814],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,3791,3722],{"class":80},[74,3793,85],{"class":84},[74,3795,3271],{"class":106},[74,3797,2946],{"class":88},[74,3799,376],{"class":92},[74,3801,2946],{"class":88},[74,3803,249],{"class":106},[74,3805,3490],{"class":88},[74,3807,249],{"class":106},[74,3809,2941],{"class":88},[74,3811,3747],{"class":92},[74,3813,2946],{"class":88},[74,3815,3284],{"class":106},[74,3817,3818,3820,3822,3824,3826,3828],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,3819,103],{"class":102},[74,3821,107],{"class":106},[74,3823,3366],{"class":102},[74,3825,107],{"class":106},[74,3827,3764],{"class":110},[74,3829,130],{"class":106},[20,3831,157],{},[65,3833,3834],{"className":67,"code":3692,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,3835,3836],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,3837,3838],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,3839,3692],{"class":3504},[20,3841,3842,3843,3845],{},"The empty string ",[15,3844,3424],{}," is falsy.",[60,3847,3849,3850,3852],{"id":3848},"how-all-works-with-conditions","How ",[15,3851,3226],{}," works with conditions",[20,3854,3855,3857],{},[15,3856,3226],{}," is often used with a generator expression.",[20,3859,3860],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether every item matches a rule.",[20,3862,3863],{},"For example, to check whether all numbers are positive:",[65,3865,3867],{"className":67,"code":3866,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,3868,3869,3889,3917,3921],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,3870,3871,3873,3875,3877,3879,3881,3883,3885,3887],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,3872,3266],{"class":80},[74,3874,85],{"class":84},[74,3876,3271],{"class":106},[74,3878,2632],{"class":167},[74,3880,249],{"class":106},[74,3882,620],{"class":167},[74,3884,249],{"class":106},[74,3886,2094],{"class":167},[74,3888,3284],{"class":106},[74,3890,3891,3893,3895,3897,3899,3901,3904,3906,3908,3910,3912,3915],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,3892,383],{"class":80},[74,3894,85],{"class":84},[74,3896,3293],{"class":102},[74,3898,107],{"class":106},[74,3900,2669],{"class":110},[74,3902,3903],{"class":84},">",[74,3905,3485],{"class":167},[74,3907,3530],{"class":3529},[74,3909,3533],{"class":110},[74,3911,351],{"class":3529},[74,3913,3914],{"class":110}," numbers",[74,3916,260],{"class":106},[74,3918,3919],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,3920,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,3922,3923,3925,3927,3929],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,3924,103],{"class":102},[74,3926,107],{"class":106},[74,3928,418],{"class":110},[74,3930,260],{"class":106},[20,3932,157],{},[65,3934,3935],{"className":67,"code":3631,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,3936,3937],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,3938,3939],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,3940,3631],{"class":3504},[20,3942,3943],{},"Here is one that fails:",[65,3945,3947],{"className":67,"code":3946,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [1, -2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,3948,3949,3971,3997,4001],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,3950,3951,3953,3955,3957,3959,3961,3963,3965,3967,3969],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,3952,3266],{"class":80},[74,3954,85],{"class":84},[74,3956,3271],{"class":106},[74,3958,2632],{"class":167},[74,3960,249],{"class":106},[74,3962,1864],{"class":84},[74,3964,687],{"class":167},[74,3966,249],{"class":106},[74,3968,2094],{"class":167},[74,3970,3284],{"class":106},[74,3972,3973,3975,3977,3979,3981,3983,3985,3987,3989,3991,3993,3995],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,3974,383],{"class":80},[74,3976,85],{"class":84},[74,3978,3293],{"class":102},[74,3980,107],{"class":106},[74,3982,2669],{"class":110},[74,3984,3903],{"class":84},[74,3986,3485],{"class":167},[74,3988,3530],{"class":3529},[74,3990,3533],{"class":110},[74,3992,351],{"class":3529},[74,3994,3914],{"class":110},[74,3996,260],{"class":106},[74,3998,3999],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,4000,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,4002,4003,4005,4007,4009],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,4004,103],{"class":102},[74,4006,107],{"class":106},[74,4008,418],{"class":110},[74,4010,260],{"class":106},[20,4012,157],{},[65,4014,4015],{"className":67,"code":3692,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,4016,4017],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,4018,4019],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,4020,3692],{"class":3504},[20,4022,4023,4024,4027,4028,4030,4031,2039,4033,114],{},"The expression ",[15,4025,4026],{},"x > 0"," is checked for each number. If every check is ",[15,4029,338],{},", then ",[15,4032,3226],{},[15,4034,338],{},[20,4036,4037],{},"This pattern keeps code short and readable.",[20,4039,4040,4041,51,4045,114],{},"If you want more practice with this style, see ",[125,4042,4044],{"href":4043},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-list-comprehensions-in-python","how to use list comprehensions in Python",[125,4046,4048],{"href":4047},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-an-iterable-in-python","what is an iterable in Python",[60,4050,4052],{"id":4051},"empty-iterable-behavior","Empty iterable behavior",[20,4054,4055,2039,4057,114],{},[15,4056,3249],{},[15,4058,338],{},[20,4060,4061],{},"This surprises many beginners.",[20,4063,506],{},[65,4065,4067],{"className":67,"code":4066,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(all([]))\n",[15,4068,4069],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,4070,4071,4073,4075,4077],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,4072,103],{"class":102},[74,4074,107],{"class":106},[74,4076,3366],{"class":102},[74,4078,4079],{"class":106},"([]))\n",[20,4081,157],{},[65,4083,4084],{"className":67,"code":3631,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,4085,4086],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,4087,4088],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,4089,3631],{"class":3504},[20,4091,4092],{},"Why?",[20,4094,4095],{},"Because there is no item in the iterable that fails the test.",[20,4097,4098],{},"Think of it this way:",[30,4100,4101,4108,4111],{},[33,4102,4103,2039,4105,4107],{},[15,4104,3226],{},[15,4106,342],{}," when it finds a falsy item",[33,4109,4110],{},"an empty iterable has no items at all",[33,4112,4113,4114],{},"so there is nothing that makes it return ",[15,4115,342],{},[20,4117,4118],{},"This is normal Python behavior, even if it feels odd at first.",[20,4120,4121],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables too:",[65,4123,4125],{"className":67,"code":4124,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(all(()))\nprint(all(''))\n",[15,4126,4127,4138],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,4128,4129,4131,4133,4135],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,4130,103],{"class":102},[74,4132,107],{"class":106},[74,4134,3366],{"class":102},[74,4136,4137],{"class":106},"(()))\n",[74,4139,4140,4142,4144,4146,4148,4150],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,4141,103],{"class":102},[74,4143,107],{"class":106},[74,4145,3366],{"class":102},[74,4147,107],{"class":106},[74,4149,3424],{"class":88},[74,4151,130],{"class":106},[20,4153,157],{},[65,4155,4157],{"className":67,"code":4156,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"True\nTrue\n",[15,4158,4159,4163],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,4160,4161],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,4162,3631],{"class":3504},[74,4164,4165],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,4166,3631],{"class":3504},[60,4168,4170],{"id":4169},"common-beginner-mistakes","Common beginner mistakes",[262,4172,4174],{"id":4173},"passing-multiple-arguments","Passing multiple arguments",[20,4176,4177],{},"This is wrong:",[65,4179,4181],{"className":67,"code":4180,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"# Wrong\n# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[15,4182,4183,4188],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,4184,4185],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,4186,4187],{"class":3314},"# Wrong\n",[74,4189,4190],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,4191,4192],{"class":3314},"# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[20,4194,4195,4197],{},[15,4196,3226],{}," does not take multiple separate values.",[20,4199,4200],{},"Use one iterable instead:",[65,4202,4204],{"className":67,"code":4203,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,4205,4206],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,4207,4208,4210,4212,4214,4216,4218,4220,4222,4224,4226],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,4209,103],{"class":102},[74,4211,107],{"class":106},[74,4213,3366],{"class":102},[74,4215,2629],{"class":106},[74,4217,2632],{"class":167},[74,4219,249],{"class":106},[74,4221,620],{"class":167},[74,4223,249],{"class":106},[74,4225,2094],{"class":167},[74,4227,2643],{"class":106},[262,4229,4231,4232,4234],{"id":4230},"assuming-all-compares-values-automatically","Assuming ",[15,4233,3226],{}," compares values automatically",[20,4236,4237],{},"Some beginners expect this:",[65,4239,4241],{"className":67,"code":4240,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4242,4243,4263],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,4244,4245,4247,4249,4251,4253,4255,4257,4259,4261],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,4246,3266],{"class":80},[74,4248,85],{"class":84},[74,4250,3271],{"class":106},[74,4252,711],{"class":167},[74,4254,249],{"class":106},[74,4256,651],{"class":167},[74,4258,249],{"class":106},[74,4260,651],{"class":167},[74,4262,3284],{"class":106},[74,4264,4265,4267,4269,4271,4273,4275],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,4266,103],{"class":102},[74,4268,107],{"class":106},[74,4270,3366],{"class":102},[74,4272,107],{"class":106},[74,4274,3298],{"class":110},[74,4276,130],{"class":106},[20,4278,4279,4280,4282],{},"This does ",[332,4281,334],{}," check whether all values are equal.",[20,4284,4285,4286,4288],{},"It only checks whether all values are truthy. Since ",[15,4287,711],{}," is truthy, the result is:",[65,4290,4291],{"className":67,"code":3631,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,4292,4293],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,4294,4295],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,4296,3631],{"class":3504},[20,4298,4299],{},"If you want to check whether all values are equal, you need a condition:",[65,4301,4303],{"className":67,"code":4302,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(x == 5 for x in numbers))\n",[15,4304,4305,4325],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,4306,4307,4309,4311,4313,4315,4317,4319,4321,4323],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,4308,3266],{"class":80},[74,4310,85],{"class":84},[74,4312,3271],{"class":106},[74,4314,711],{"class":167},[74,4316,249],{"class":106},[74,4318,651],{"class":167},[74,4320,249],{"class":106},[74,4322,651],{"class":167},[74,4324,3284],{"class":106},[74,4326,4327,4329,4331,4333,4335,4337,4340,4342,4344,4346,4348,4350],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,4328,103],{"class":102},[74,4330,107],{"class":106},[74,4332,3366],{"class":102},[74,4334,107],{"class":106},[74,4336,2669],{"class":110},[74,4338,4339],{"class":84},"==",[74,4341,651],{"class":167},[74,4343,3530],{"class":3529},[74,4345,3533],{"class":110},[74,4347,351],{"class":3529},[74,4349,3914],{"class":110},[74,4351,130],{"class":106},[262,4353,4355,4356,4358],{"id":4354},"forgetting-that-0-and-empty-strings-are-falsy","Forgetting that ",[15,4357,327],{}," and empty strings are falsy",[65,4360,4362],{"className":67,"code":4361,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(all([1, 2, 0]))       # False\nprint(all(['a', 'b', '']))  # False\n",[15,4363,4364,4390],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,4365,4366,4368,4370,4372,4374,4376,4378,4380,4382,4384,4387],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,4367,103],{"class":102},[74,4369,107],{"class":106},[74,4371,3366],{"class":102},[74,4373,2629],{"class":106},[74,4375,2632],{"class":167},[74,4377,249],{"class":106},[74,4379,620],{"class":167},[74,4381,249],{"class":106},[74,4383,3485],{"class":167},[74,4385,4386],{"class":106},"]))",[74,4388,4389],{"class":3314},"       # False\n",[74,4391,4392,4394,4396,4398,4400,4402,4404,4406,4408,4410,4413,4415,4417,4419,4421],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,4393,103],{"class":102},[74,4395,107],{"class":106},[74,4397,3366],{"class":102},[74,4399,2629],{"class":106},[74,4401,2946],{"class":88},[74,4403,125],{"class":92},[74,4405,2946],{"class":88},[74,4407,249],{"class":106},[74,4409,2941],{"class":88},[74,4411,4412],{"class":92},"b",[74,4414,2946],{"class":88},[74,4416,249],{"class":106},[74,4418,3490],{"class":88},[74,4420,4386],{"class":106},[74,4422,4423],{"class":3314},"  # False\n",[20,4425,4426,4427,114],{},"A single falsy value makes the whole result ",[15,4428,342],{},[262,4430,4432,4433,4435,4436],{"id":4431},"not-understanding-why-all-is-true","Not understanding why ",[15,4434,3249],{}," is ",[15,4437,338],{},[20,4439,4440],{},"This is expected behavior:",[65,4442,4444],{"className":67,"code":4443,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(all([]))  # True\n",[15,4445,4446],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,4447,4448,4450,4452,4454,4457],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,4449,103],{"class":102},[74,4451,107],{"class":106},[74,4453,3366],{"class":102},[74,4455,4456],{"class":106},"([]))",[74,4458,3315],{"class":3314},[20,4460,4461,4462,4464],{},"It does not mean the list contains ",[15,4463,338],{},". It means there is no item that fails the check.",[20,4466,4467],{},"Useful quick tests:",[65,4469,4471],{"className":67,"code":4470,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([1, 0, 3]))\nprint([bool(x) for x in [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]])\nprint(all(x > 0 for x in [1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([]))\n",[15,4472,4473,4495,4517,4564,4600],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,4474,4475,4477,4479,4481,4483,4485,4487,4489,4491,4493],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,4476,103],{"class":102},[74,4478,107],{"class":106},[74,4480,3366],{"class":102},[74,4482,2629],{"class":106},[74,4484,2632],{"class":167},[74,4486,249],{"class":106},[74,4488,620],{"class":167},[74,4490,249],{"class":106},[74,4492,2094],{"class":167},[74,4494,2643],{"class":106},[74,4496,4497,4499,4501,4503,4505,4507,4509,4511,4513,4515],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,4498,103],{"class":102},[74,4500,107],{"class":106},[74,4502,3366],{"class":102},[74,4504,2629],{"class":106},[74,4506,2632],{"class":167},[74,4508,249],{"class":106},[74,4510,3485],{"class":167},[74,4512,249],{"class":106},[74,4514,2094],{"class":167},[74,4516,2643],{"class":106},[74,4518,4519,4521,4523,4525,4527,4529,4531,4533,4535,4537,4539,4541,4543,4545,4547,4549,4551,4553,4555,4557,4559,4561],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,4520,103],{"class":102},[74,4522,2629],{"class":106},[74,4524,3520],{"class":1345},[74,4526,107],{"class":106},[74,4528,1816],{"class":110},[74,4530,3311],{"class":106},[74,4532,3530],{"class":3529},[74,4534,3533],{"class":110},[74,4536,351],{"class":3529},[74,4538,3271],{"class":106},[74,4540,2632],{"class":167},[74,4542,249],{"class":106},[74,4544,3485],{"class":167},[74,4546,249],{"class":106},[74,4548,3490],{"class":88},[74,4550,249],{"class":106},[74,4552,2941],{"class":88},[74,4554,3497],{"class":92},[74,4556,2946],{"class":88},[74,4558,249],{"class":106},[74,4560,3505],{"class":3504},[74,4562,4563],{"class":106},"]])\n",[74,4565,4566,4568,4570,4572,4574,4576,4578,4580,4582,4584,4586,4588,4590,4592,4594,4596,4598],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,4567,103],{"class":102},[74,4569,107],{"class":106},[74,4571,3366],{"class":102},[74,4573,107],{"class":106},[74,4575,2669],{"class":110},[74,4577,3903],{"class":84},[74,4579,3485],{"class":167},[74,4581,3530],{"class":3529},[74,4583,3533],{"class":110},[74,4585,351],{"class":3529},[74,4587,3271],{"class":106},[74,4589,2632],{"class":167},[74,4591,249],{"class":106},[74,4593,620],{"class":167},[74,4595,249],{"class":106},[74,4597,2094],{"class":167},[74,4599,2643],{"class":106},[74,4601,4602,4604,4606,4608],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,4603,103],{"class":102},[74,4605,107],{"class":106},[74,4607,3366],{"class":102},[74,4609,4079],{"class":106},[60,4611,1260,4613],{"id":4612},"when-to-use-all",[15,4614,3226],{},[20,4616,4617,4619],{},[15,4618,3226],{}," is useful when you want to check that every item passes a simple test.",[20,4621,4622],{},"Common use cases:",[30,4624,4625,4628,4631],{},[33,4626,4627],{},"check if every string in a list is non-empty",[33,4629,4630],{},"validate that all numbers meet a condition",[33,4632,4633],{},"make sure all values are valid before processing data",[20,4635,4636],{},"Example: check that every name is non-empty",[65,4638,4640],{"className":67,"code":4639,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"names = ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\nprint(all(names))\n",[15,4641,4642,4678],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,4643,4644,4647,4649,4651,4653,4656,4658,4660,4662,4665,4667,4669,4671,4674,4676],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,4645,4646],{"class":80},"names ",[74,4648,85],{"class":84},[74,4650,3271],{"class":106},[74,4652,2946],{"class":88},[74,4654,4655],{"class":92},"Alice",[74,4657,2946],{"class":88},[74,4659,249],{"class":106},[74,4661,2941],{"class":88},[74,4663,4664],{"class":92},"Bob",[74,4666,2946],{"class":88},[74,4668,249],{"class":106},[74,4670,2941],{"class":88},[74,4672,4673],{"class":92},"Charlie",[74,4675,2946],{"class":88},[74,4677,3284],{"class":106},[74,4679,4680,4682,4684,4686,4688,4691],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,4681,103],{"class":102},[74,4683,107],{"class":106},[74,4685,3366],{"class":102},[74,4687,107],{"class":106},[74,4689,4690],{"class":110},"names",[74,4692,130],{"class":106},[20,4694,157],{},[65,4696,4697],{"className":67,"code":3631,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,4698,4699],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,4700,4701],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,4702,3631],{"class":3504},[20,4704,4705],{},"Example: check that every score is at least 50",[65,4707,4709],{"className":67,"code":4708,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"scores = [75, 80, 50]\nprint(all(score >= 50 for score in scores))\n",[15,4710,4711,4735],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,4712,4713,4716,4718,4720,4723,4725,4728,4730,4733],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,4714,4715],{"class":80},"scores ",[74,4717,85],{"class":84},[74,4719,3271],{"class":106},[74,4721,4722],{"class":167},"75",[74,4724,249],{"class":106},[74,4726,4727],{"class":167}," 80",[74,4729,249],{"class":106},[74,4731,4732],{"class":167}," 50",[74,4734,3284],{"class":106},[74,4736,4737,4739,4741,4743,4745,4748,4751,4753,4755,4758,4760,4763],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,4738,103],{"class":102},[74,4740,107],{"class":106},[74,4742,3366],{"class":102},[74,4744,107],{"class":106},[74,4746,4747],{"class":110},"score ",[74,4749,4750],{"class":84},">=",[74,4752,4732],{"class":167},[74,4754,3530],{"class":3529},[74,4756,4757],{"class":110}," score ",[74,4759,351],{"class":3529},[74,4761,4762],{"class":110}," scores",[74,4764,130],{"class":106},[20,4766,157],{},[65,4768,4769],{"className":67,"code":3631,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,4770,4771],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,4772,4773],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,4774,3631],{"class":3504},[20,4776,4777],{},"If the logic becomes hard to read, a plain loop is often better for beginners.",[20,4779,4780,4781,51,4785,114],{},"For related tasks, see ",[125,4782,4784],{"href":4783},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python","how to filter a list in Python",[125,4786,4788],{"href":4787},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained","iterators and iterable objects explained",[60,4790,1471],{"id":1470},[262,4792,1495,4794,4796],{"id":4793},"what-does-all-return-in-python",[15,4795,3226],{}," return in Python?",[20,4798,1501,4799,4801,4802,4804],{},[15,4800,338],{}," if every item in the iterable is truthy. It returns ",[15,4803,342],{}," if at least one item is falsy.",[262,4806,4808,4809,335,4811,2135],{"id":4807},"why-does-all-return-true","Why does ",[15,4810,3249],{},[15,4812,338],{},[20,4814,4815],{},"Because there are no items in the iterable that fail the test.",[262,4817,1507,4819,4821],{"id":4818},"can-all-take-multiple-values-directly",[15,4820,3226],{}," take multiple values directly?",[20,4823,4824],{},"No. It takes one iterable argument, such as a list or tuple.",[262,4826,4828,4829,51,4831,2135],{"id":4827},"what-is-the-difference-between-all-and-any","What is the difference between ",[15,4830,3226],{},[15,4832,4833],{},"any()",[20,4835,4836,4838,4839,4841,4842,114],{},[15,4837,3226],{}," needs every item to be truthy. ",[15,4840,4833],{}," needs at least one item to be truthy. See ",[125,4843,3223,4845,3156],{"href":4844},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained",[15,4846,4833],{},[60,4848,1527],{"id":1526},[30,4850,4851,4857,4861,4866,4871,4876],{},[33,4852,4853],{},[125,4854,3223,4855,3156],{"href":4844},[15,4856,4833],{},[33,4858,4859],{},[125,4860,3458],{"href":3457},[33,4862,4863],{},[125,4864,4865],{"href":4787},"Iterators and iterable objects explained",[33,4867,4868],{},[125,4869,4870],{"href":4783},"How to filter a list in Python",[33,4872,4873],{},[125,4874,4875],{"href":4043},"How to use list comprehensions in Python",[33,4877,4878],{},[125,4879,4880],{"href":4047},"What is an iterable in Python",[1566,4882,4883],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":70,"searchDepth":99,"depth":99,"links":4885},[4886,4887,4889,4890,4895,4897,4898,4907,4909,4919],{"id":3255,"depth":99,"text":3256},{"id":3327,"depth":99,"text":4888},"What all() does",{"id":3379,"depth":99,"text":3380},{"id":3582,"depth":99,"text":3583,"children":4891},[4892,4893,4894],{"id":3586,"depth":133,"text":3587},{"id":3647,"depth":133,"text":3648},{"id":3711,"depth":133,"text":3712},{"id":3848,"depth":99,"text":4896},"How all() works with conditions",{"id":4051,"depth":99,"text":4052},{"id":4169,"depth":99,"text":4170,"children":4899},[4900,4901,4903,4905],{"id":4173,"depth":133,"text":4174},{"id":4230,"depth":133,"text":4902},"Assuming all() compares values automatically",{"id":4354,"depth":133,"text":4904},"Forgetting that 0 and empty strings are falsy",{"id":4431,"depth":133,"text":4906},"Not understanding why all([]) is True",{"id":4612,"depth":99,"text":4908},"When to use all()",{"id":1470,"depth":99,"text":1471,"children":4910},[4911,4913,4915,4917],{"id":4793,"depth":133,"text":4912},"What does all() return in Python?",{"id":4807,"depth":133,"text":4914},"Why does all([]) return True?",{"id":4818,"depth":133,"text":4916},"Can all() take multiple values directly?",{"id":4827,"depth":133,"text":4918},"What is the difference between all() and any()?",{"id":1526,"depth":99,"text":1527},"Master python all function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained",{"title":3217,"description":4920},"reference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained","INFNBux1C5bbGXXd7ksmaHdJKP1Sy8TpO9oKs-3BZC8",{"id":4927,"title":4928,"body":4929,"description":6621,"extension":1610,"meta":6622,"navigation":407,"path":4844,"seo":6623,"stem":6624,"__hash__":6625},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained.md","Python any() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":4930,"toc":6599},[4931,4934,4942,4945,4962,4970,5014,5023,5027,5032,5035,5052,5055,5066,5078,5082,5085,5100,5105,5108,5120,5123,5208,5211,5232,5238,5240,5248,5262,5264,5298,5300,5303,5364,5366,5383,5386,5413,5415,5423,5435,5439,5442,5481,5483,5491,5493,5509,5517,5520,5563,5565,5573,5578,5582,5590,5593,5620,5623,5626,5700,5702,5710,5717,5741,5752,5755,5834,5836,5844,5851,5855,5860,5875,5877,5885,5888,5894,5897,5943,5945,5962,5966,5971,5982,5985,6100,6103,6162,6168,6170,6175,6179,6181,6200,6206,6209,6228,6232,6240,6267,6269,6277,6285,6289,6295,6318,6320,6328,6335,6339,6342,6393,6396,6447,6450,6452,6456,6463,6467,6474,6478,6486,6490,6493,6515,6517,6567,6569,6596],[10,4932,4928],{"id":4933},"python-any-function-explained",[20,4935,4936,4938,4939,114],{},[15,4937,4833],{}," is a built-in Python function that checks an iterable and tells you whether ",[332,4940,4941],{},"at least one item is truthy",[20,4943,4944],{},"You will usually use it with values like:",[30,4946,4947,4950,4953,4956,4959],{},[33,4948,4949],{},"lists",[33,4951,4952],{},"tuples",[33,4954,4955],{},"sets",[33,4957,4958],{},"strings",[33,4960,4961],{},"generator expressions",[20,4963,4964,4965,339,4967,4969],{},"It is useful when you want a quick ",[15,4966,338],{},[15,4968,342],{}," answer without writing a full loop.",[65,4971,4973],{"className":67,"code":4972,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))  # True\n",[15,4974,4975,4995],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,4976,4977,4979,4981,4983,4985,4987,4989,4991,4993],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,4978,3474],{"class":80},[74,4980,85],{"class":84},[74,4982,3271],{"class":106},[74,4984,327],{"class":167},[74,4986,249],{"class":106},[74,4988,3490],{"class":88},[74,4990,249],{"class":106},[74,4992,651],{"class":167},[74,4994,3284],{"class":106},[74,4996,4997,4999,5001,5004,5006,5009,5012],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,4998,103],{"class":102},[74,5000,107],{"class":106},[74,5002,5003],{"class":102},"any",[74,5005,107],{"class":106},[74,5007,5008],{"class":110},"values",[74,5010,5011],{"class":106},"))",[74,5013,3315],{"class":3314},[20,5015,176,5016,5019,5020,5022],{},[15,5017,5018],{},"any(iterable)"," when you want ",[15,5021,338],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy.",[60,5024,5026],{"id":5025},"what-any-does","What any() does",[20,5028,5029,5031],{},[15,5030,4833],{}," checks an iterable such as a list, tuple, set, or generator.",[20,5033,5034],{},"It returns:",[30,5036,5037,5042,5047],{},[33,5038,5039,5041],{},[15,5040,338],{}," if at least one item is truthy",[33,5043,5044,5046],{},[15,5045,342],{}," if all items are falsy",[33,5048,5049,5051],{},[15,5050,342],{}," if the iterable is empty",[20,5053,5054],{},"This makes it a good choice for simple checks like:",[30,5056,5057,5060,5063],{},[33,5058,5059],{},"\"Does this list contain at least one real value?\"",[33,5061,5062],{},"\"Does any number match this condition?\"",[33,5064,5065],{},"\"Is there at least one non-empty string?\"",[20,5067,5068,5069,5072,5073,114],{},"If you want the opposite behavior, where ",[332,5070,5071],{},"every"," item must be truthy, see ",[125,5074,5076],{"href":5075},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained\u002F",[15,5077,3226],{},[60,5079,5081],{"id":5080},"syntax","Syntax",[20,5083,5084],{},"The syntax is simple:",[65,5086,5088],{"className":67,"code":5087,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"any(iterable)\n",[15,5089,5090],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,5091,5092,5094,5096,5098],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,5093,5003],{"class":102},[74,5095,107],{"class":106},[74,5097,3371],{"class":110},[74,5099,260],{"class":106},[20,5101,5102,5103,114],{},"The argument must be an ",[332,5104,3371],{},[20,5106,5107],{},"Common inputs include:",[30,5109,5110,5112,5114,5116,5118],{},[33,5111,4949],{},[33,5113,4952],{},[33,5115,4955],{},[33,5117,4958],{},[33,5119,4961],{},[20,5121,5122],{},"For example:",[65,5124,5126],{"className":67,"code":5125,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(any([0, 0, 1]))\nprint(any((False, False)))\nprint(any({0, 2}))\nprint(any(\"hello\"))\n",[15,5127,5128,5151,5170,5190],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,5129,5130,5132,5134,5136,5138,5140,5142,5144,5146,5149],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,5131,103],{"class":102},[74,5133,107],{"class":106},[74,5135,5003],{"class":102},[74,5137,2629],{"class":106},[74,5139,327],{"class":167},[74,5141,249],{"class":106},[74,5143,3485],{"class":167},[74,5145,249],{"class":106},[74,5147,5148],{"class":167}," 1",[74,5150,2643],{"class":106},[74,5152,5153,5155,5157,5159,5162,5164,5166,5168],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,5154,103],{"class":102},[74,5156,107],{"class":106},[74,5158,5003],{"class":102},[74,5160,5161],{"class":106},"((",[74,5163,342],{"class":3504},[74,5165,249],{"class":106},[74,5167,3558],{"class":3504},[74,5169,2555],{"class":106},[74,5171,5172,5174,5176,5178,5181,5183,5185,5187],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,5173,103],{"class":102},[74,5175,107],{"class":106},[74,5177,5003],{"class":102},[74,5179,5180],{"class":106},"({",[74,5182,327],{"class":167},[74,5184,249],{"class":106},[74,5186,620],{"class":167},[74,5188,5189],{"class":106},"}))\n",[74,5191,5192,5194,5196,5198,5200,5202,5204,5206],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,5193,103],{"class":102},[74,5195,107],{"class":106},[74,5197,5003],{"class":102},[74,5199,107],{"class":106},[74,5201,122],{"class":88},[74,5203,3497],{"class":92},[74,5205,122],{"class":88},[74,5207,130],{"class":106},[20,5209,5210],{},"Expected output:",[65,5212,5214],{"className":67,"code":5213,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"True\nFalse\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,5215,5216,5220,5224,5228],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,5217,5218],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,5219,3631],{"class":3504},[74,5221,5222],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,5223,3692],{"class":3504},[74,5225,5226],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,5227,3631],{"class":3504},[74,5229,5230],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,5231,3631],{"class":3504},[20,5233,5234,5235,114],{},"If you are not sure what an iterable is, read ",[125,5236,4788],{"href":5237},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained\u002F",[60,5239,3380],{"id":3379},[20,5241,3383,5242,339,5245,3388],{},[332,5243,5244],{},"truthy",[332,5246,5247],{},"falsy",[30,5249,5250,5256],{},[33,5251,5252,3396,5254],{},[332,5253,3395],{},[15,5255,338],{},[33,5257,5258,3396,5260],{},[332,5259,3403],{},[15,5261,342],{},[20,5263,3408],{},[30,5265,5266,5270,5274,5278,5282,5286,5290,5294],{},[33,5267,5268],{},[15,5269,342],{},[33,5271,5272],{},[15,5273,327],{},[33,5275,5276],{},[15,5277,3419],{},[33,5279,5280],{},[15,5281,3424],{},[33,5283,5284],{},[15,5285,3438],{},[33,5287,5288],{},[15,5289,3443],{},[33,5291,5292],{},[15,5293,3448],{},[33,5295,5296],{},[15,5297,3429],{},[20,5299,3451],{},[20,5301,5302],{},"That means these values are truthy:",[65,5304,5306],{"className":67,"code":5305,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(any([1]))\nprint(any(['hello']))\nprint(any([[1, 2, 3]]))\n",[15,5307,5308,5322,5340],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,5309,5310,5312,5314,5316,5318,5320],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,5311,103],{"class":102},[74,5313,107],{"class":106},[74,5315,5003],{"class":102},[74,5317,2629],{"class":106},[74,5319,2632],{"class":167},[74,5321,2643],{"class":106},[74,5323,5324,5326,5328,5330,5332,5334,5336,5338],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,5325,103],{"class":102},[74,5327,107],{"class":106},[74,5329,5003],{"class":102},[74,5331,2629],{"class":106},[74,5333,2946],{"class":88},[74,5335,3497],{"class":92},[74,5337,2946],{"class":88},[74,5339,2643],{"class":106},[74,5341,5342,5344,5346,5348,5351,5353,5355,5357,5359,5361],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,5343,103],{"class":102},[74,5345,107],{"class":106},[74,5347,5003],{"class":102},[74,5349,5350],{"class":106},"([[",[74,5352,2632],{"class":167},[74,5354,249],{"class":106},[74,5356,620],{"class":167},[74,5358,249],{"class":106},[74,5360,2094],{"class":167},[74,5362,5363],{"class":106},"]]))\n",[20,5365,5210],{},[65,5367,5369],{"className":67,"code":5368,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"True\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,5370,5371,5375,5379],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,5372,5373],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,5374,3631],{"class":3504},[74,5376,5377],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,5378,3631],{"class":3504},[74,5380,5381],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,5382,3631],{"class":3504},[20,5384,5385],{},"And these are all falsy:",[65,5387,5389],{"className":67,"code":5388,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(any([0, '', None]))\n",[15,5390,5391],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,5392,5393,5395,5397,5399,5401,5403,5405,5407,5409,5411],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,5394,103],{"class":102},[74,5396,107],{"class":106},[74,5398,5003],{"class":102},[74,5400,2629],{"class":106},[74,5402,327],{"class":167},[74,5404,249],{"class":106},[74,5406,3490],{"class":88},[74,5408,249],{"class":106},[74,5410,3505],{"class":3504},[74,5412,2643],{"class":106},[20,5414,5210],{},[65,5416,5417],{"className":67,"code":3692,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,5418,5419],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,5420,5421],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,5422,3692],{"class":3504},[20,5424,5425,5426,51,5429,114],{},"If you want to understand this more clearly, see ",[125,5427,3458],{"href":5428},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false\u002F",[125,5430,5432,5434],{"href":5431},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained\u002F",[15,5433,3464],{}," explained",[60,5436,5438],{"id":5437},"basic-example","Basic example",[20,5440,5441],{},"Here is a simple example with one truthy value:",[65,5443,5445],{"className":67,"code":5444,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,5446,5447,5467],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,5448,5449,5451,5453,5455,5457,5459,5461,5463,5465],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,5450,3474],{"class":80},[74,5452,85],{"class":84},[74,5454,3271],{"class":106},[74,5456,327],{"class":167},[74,5458,249],{"class":106},[74,5460,3490],{"class":88},[74,5462,249],{"class":106},[74,5464,651],{"class":167},[74,5466,3284],{"class":106},[74,5468,5469,5471,5473,5475,5477,5479],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,5470,103],{"class":102},[74,5472,107],{"class":106},[74,5474,5003],{"class":102},[74,5476,107],{"class":106},[74,5478,5008],{"class":110},[74,5480,130],{"class":106},[20,5482,157],{},[65,5484,5485],{"className":67,"code":3631,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,5486,5487],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,5488,5489],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,5490,3631],{"class":3504},[20,5492,4092],{},[30,5494,5495,5500,5504],{},[33,5496,5497,5499],{},[15,5498,327],{}," is falsy",[33,5501,5502,5499],{},[15,5503,3424],{},[33,5505,5506,5508],{},[15,5507,711],{}," is truthy",[20,5510,5511,5512,2039,5515,114],{},"Since at least one item is truthy, ",[15,5513,5514],{},"any(values)",[15,5516,338],{},[20,5518,5519],{},"Now look at a list where every item is falsy:",[65,5521,5523],{"className":67,"code":5522,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"values = [0, '', None, False]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,5524,5525,5549],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,5526,5527,5529,5531,5533,5535,5537,5539,5541,5543,5545,5547],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,5528,3474],{"class":80},[74,5530,85],{"class":84},[74,5532,3271],{"class":106},[74,5534,327],{"class":167},[74,5536,249],{"class":106},[74,5538,3490],{"class":88},[74,5540,249],{"class":106},[74,5542,3505],{"class":3504},[74,5544,249],{"class":106},[74,5546,3558],{"class":3504},[74,5548,3284],{"class":106},[74,5550,5551,5553,5555,5557,5559,5561],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,5552,103],{"class":102},[74,5554,107],{"class":106},[74,5556,5003],{"class":102},[74,5558,107],{"class":106},[74,5560,5008],{"class":110},[74,5562,130],{"class":106},[20,5564,157],{},[65,5566,5567],{"className":67,"code":3692,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,5568,5569],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,5570,5571],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,5572,3692],{"class":3504},[20,5574,5575,5576,114],{},"Here, none of the items are truthy, so the result is ",[15,5577,342],{},[60,5579,5581],{"id":5580},"using-any-with-conditions","Using any() with conditions",[20,5583,5584,5586,5587,114],{},[15,5585,4833],{}," is often used with a ",[332,5588,5589],{},"generator expression",[20,5591,5592],{},"This is a common pattern:",[65,5594,5596],{"className":67,"code":5595,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"any(condition for item in items)\n",[15,5597,5598],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,5599,5600,5602,5604,5607,5610,5613,5615,5618],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,5601,5003],{"class":102},[74,5603,107],{"class":106},[74,5605,5606],{"class":110},"condition ",[74,5608,5609],{"class":3529},"for",[74,5611,5612],{"class":110}," item ",[74,5614,351],{"class":3529},[74,5616,5617],{"class":110}," items",[74,5619,260],{"class":106},[20,5621,5622],{},"It is useful when you want to check whether any item matches a rule.",[20,5624,5625],{},"For example, to check whether any number is negative:",[65,5627,5629],{"className":67,"code":5628,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [4, 7, -2, 10]\n\nresult = any(x \u003C 0 for x in numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,5630,5631,5659,5663,5690],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,5632,5633,5635,5637,5639,5641,5643,5646,5648,5650,5652,5654,5657],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,5634,3266],{"class":80},[74,5636,85],{"class":84},[74,5638,3271],{"class":106},[74,5640,2148],{"class":167},[74,5642,249],{"class":106},[74,5644,5645],{"class":167}," 7",[74,5647,249],{"class":106},[74,5649,1864],{"class":84},[74,5651,687],{"class":167},[74,5653,249],{"class":106},[74,5655,5656],{"class":167}," 10",[74,5658,3284],{"class":106},[74,5660,5661],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,5662,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,5664,5665,5667,5669,5672,5674,5676,5678,5680,5682,5684,5686,5688],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,5666,383],{"class":80},[74,5668,85],{"class":84},[74,5670,5671],{"class":102}," any",[74,5673,107],{"class":106},[74,5675,2669],{"class":110},[74,5677,2935],{"class":84},[74,5679,3485],{"class":167},[74,5681,3530],{"class":3529},[74,5683,3533],{"class":110},[74,5685,351],{"class":3529},[74,5687,3914],{"class":110},[74,5689,260],{"class":106},[74,5691,5692,5694,5696,5698],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,5693,103],{"class":102},[74,5695,107],{"class":106},[74,5697,418],{"class":110},[74,5699,260],{"class":106},[20,5701,157],{},[65,5703,5704],{"className":67,"code":3631,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,5705,5706],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,5707,5708],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,5709,3631],{"class":3504},[20,5711,5712,5713,5716],{},"This works because ",[15,5714,5715],{},"x \u003C 0"," is checked for each number:",[30,5718,5719,5727,5734],{},[33,5720,5721,5724,5725],{},[15,5722,5723],{},"4 \u003C 0"," → ",[15,5726,342],{},[33,5728,5729,5724,5732],{},[15,5730,5731],{},"7 \u003C 0",[15,5733,342],{},[33,5735,5736,5724,5739],{},[15,5737,5738],{},"-2 \u003C 0",[15,5740,338],{},[20,5742,5743,5744,5746,5747,5749,5750,114],{},"As soon as Python finds one ",[15,5745,338],{}," result, ",[15,5748,4833],{}," can return ",[15,5751,338],{},[20,5753,5754],{},"Here is another example:",[65,5756,5758],{"className":67,"code":5757,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"words = [\"apple\", \"\", \"banana\"]\n\nhas_empty_string = any(word == \"\" for word in words)\nprint(has_empty_string)\n",[15,5759,5760,5789,5793,5823],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,5761,5762,5764,5766,5768,5770,5772,5774,5776,5779,5781,5783,5785,5787],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,5763,3722],{"class":80},[74,5765,85],{"class":84},[74,5767,3271],{"class":106},[74,5769,122],{"class":88},[74,5771,376],{"class":92},[74,5773,122],{"class":88},[74,5775,249],{"class":106},[74,5777,5778],{"class":88}," \"\"",[74,5780,249],{"class":106},[74,5782,89],{"class":88},[74,5784,93],{"class":92},[74,5786,122],{"class":88},[74,5788,3284],{"class":106},[74,5790,5791],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,5792,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,5794,5795,5798,5800,5802,5804,5807,5809,5811,5813,5816,5818,5821],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,5796,5797],{"class":80},"has_empty_string ",[74,5799,85],{"class":84},[74,5801,5671],{"class":102},[74,5803,107],{"class":106},[74,5805,5806],{"class":110},"word ",[74,5808,4339],{"class":84},[74,5810,5778],{"class":88},[74,5812,3530],{"class":3529},[74,5814,5815],{"class":110}," word ",[74,5817,351],{"class":3529},[74,5819,5820],{"class":110}," words",[74,5822,260],{"class":106},[74,5824,5825,5827,5829,5832],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,5826,103],{"class":102},[74,5828,107],{"class":106},[74,5830,5831],{"class":110},"has_empty_string",[74,5833,260],{"class":106},[20,5835,157],{},[65,5837,5838],{"className":67,"code":3631,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,5839,5840],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,5841,5842],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,5843,3631],{"class":3504},[20,5845,5846,5847,114],{},"This style is often cleaner than writing a full loop for a simple match check. For related list-checking examples, see ",[125,5848,5850],{"href":5849},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-value-exists-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[60,5852,5854],{"id":5853},"empty-iterables","Empty iterables",[20,5856,5857,5858,679],{},"An empty iterable returns ",[15,5859,342],{},[65,5861,5863],{"className":67,"code":5862,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(any([]))\n",[15,5864,5865],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,5866,5867,5869,5871,5873],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,5868,103],{"class":102},[74,5870,107],{"class":106},[74,5872,5003],{"class":102},[74,5874,4079],{"class":106},[20,5876,157],{},[65,5878,5879],{"className":67,"code":3692,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,5880,5881],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,5882,5883],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,5884,3692],{"class":3504},[20,5886,5887],{},"This can surprise beginners.",[20,5889,5890,5891,5893],{},"The reason is simple: ",[15,5892,4833],{}," looks for at least one truthy item. In an empty iterable, there are no items at all, so there is nothing truthy to find.",[20,5895,5896],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables:",[65,5898,5900],{"className":67,"code":5899,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(any(()))\nprint(any(\"\"))\nprint(any(set()))\n",[15,5901,5902,5912,5927],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,5903,5904,5906,5908,5910],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,5905,103],{"class":102},[74,5907,107],{"class":106},[74,5909,5003],{"class":102},[74,5911,4137],{"class":106},[74,5913,5914,5916,5918,5920,5922,5925],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,5915,103],{"class":102},[74,5917,107],{"class":106},[74,5919,5003],{"class":102},[74,5921,107],{"class":106},[74,5923,5924],{"class":88},"\"\"",[74,5926,130],{"class":106},[74,5928,5929,5931,5933,5935,5937,5940],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,5930,103],{"class":102},[74,5932,107],{"class":106},[74,5934,5003],{"class":102},[74,5936,107],{"class":106},[74,5938,5939],{"class":1345},"set",[74,5941,5942],{"class":106},"()))\n",[20,5944,157],{},[65,5946,5948],{"className":67,"code":5947,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"False\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,5949,5950,5954,5958],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,5951,5952],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,5953,3692],{"class":3504},[74,5955,5956],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,5957,3692],{"class":3504},[74,5959,5960],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,5961,3692],{"class":3504},[60,5963,5965],{"id":5964},"when-to-use-any","When to use any()",[20,5967,176,5968,5970],{},[15,5969,4833],{}," when you want to:",[30,5972,5973,5976,5979],{},[33,5974,5975],{},"check whether a list contains at least one matching value",[33,5977,5978],{},"simplify loops that only need one match",[33,5980,5981],{},"make condition checks shorter and easier to read",[20,5983,5984],{},"For example, instead of writing this:",[65,5986,5988],{"className":67,"code":5987,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\n\nfound_even = False\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        found_even = True\n        break\n\nprint(found_even)\n",[15,5989,5990,6015,6019,6029,6033,6047,6066,6077,6083,6088],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,5991,5992,5994,5996,5998,6000,6002,6004,6006,6008,6010,6013],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,5993,3266],{"class":80},[74,5995,85],{"class":84},[74,5997,3271],{"class":106},[74,5999,2632],{"class":167},[74,6001,249],{"class":106},[74,6003,2094],{"class":167},[74,6005,249],{"class":106},[74,6007,651],{"class":167},[74,6009,249],{"class":106},[74,6011,6012],{"class":167}," 8",[74,6014,3284],{"class":106},[74,6016,6017],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,6018,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,6020,6021,6024,6026],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,6022,6023],{"class":80},"found_even ",[74,6025,85],{"class":84},[74,6027,6028],{"class":3504}," False\n",[74,6030,6031],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,6032,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,6034,6035,6037,6040,6042,6044],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,6036,5609],{"class":3529},[74,6038,6039],{"class":80}," number ",[74,6041,351],{"class":3529},[74,6043,3914],{"class":80},[74,6045,6046],{"class":106},":\n",[74,6048,6049,6052,6054,6057,6059,6062,6064],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,6050,6051],{"class":3529},"    if",[74,6053,6039],{"class":80},[74,6055,6056],{"class":84},"%",[74,6058,620],{"class":167},[74,6060,6061],{"class":84}," ==",[74,6063,3485],{"class":167},[74,6065,6046],{"class":106},[74,6067,6069,6072,6074],{"class":76,"line":6068},7,[74,6070,6071],{"class":80},"        found_even ",[74,6073,85],{"class":84},[74,6075,6076],{"class":3504}," True\n",[74,6078,6080],{"class":76,"line":6079},8,[74,6081,6082],{"class":3529},"        break\n",[74,6084,6086],{"class":76,"line":6085},9,[74,6087,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,6089,6091,6093,6095,6098],{"class":76,"line":6090},10,[74,6092,103],{"class":102},[74,6094,107],{"class":106},[74,6096,6097],{"class":110},"found_even",[74,6099,260],{"class":106},[20,6101,6102],{},"You can write:",[65,6104,6106],{"className":67,"code":6105,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\nprint(any(number % 2 == 0 for number in numbers))\n",[15,6107,6108,6132],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,6109,6110,6112,6114,6116,6118,6120,6122,6124,6126,6128,6130],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,6111,3266],{"class":80},[74,6113,85],{"class":84},[74,6115,3271],{"class":106},[74,6117,2632],{"class":167},[74,6119,249],{"class":106},[74,6121,2094],{"class":167},[74,6123,249],{"class":106},[74,6125,651],{"class":167},[74,6127,249],{"class":106},[74,6129,6012],{"class":167},[74,6131,3284],{"class":106},[74,6133,6134,6136,6138,6140,6142,6144,6146,6148,6150,6152,6154,6156,6158,6160],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,6135,103],{"class":102},[74,6137,107],{"class":106},[74,6139,5003],{"class":102},[74,6141,107],{"class":106},[74,6143,1859],{"class":110},[74,6145,6056],{"class":84},[74,6147,620],{"class":167},[74,6149,6061],{"class":84},[74,6151,3485],{"class":167},[74,6153,3530],{"class":3529},[74,6155,6039],{"class":110},[74,6157,351],{"class":3529},[74,6159,3914],{"class":110},[74,6161,130],{"class":106},[20,6163,6164,6165,6167],{},"Both work, but ",[15,6166,4833],{}," is shorter and easier to read when you only need a yes-or-no answer.",[60,6169,4170],{"id":4169},[20,6171,6172,6173,114],{},"Here are some common mistakes with ",[15,6174,4833],{},[262,6176,6178],{"id":6177},"passing-a-single-number-instead-of-an-iterable","Passing a single number instead of an iterable",[20,6180,4177],{},[65,6182,6184],{"className":67,"code":6183,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(any(5))\n",[15,6185,6186],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,6187,6188,6190,6192,6194,6196,6198],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,6189,103],{"class":102},[74,6191,107],{"class":106},[74,6193,5003],{"class":102},[74,6195,107],{"class":106},[74,6197,711],{"class":167},[74,6199,130],{"class":106},[20,6201,6202,6203,6205],{},"It causes an error because ",[15,6204,711],{}," is not iterable.",[20,6207,6208],{},"Use an iterable instead:",[65,6210,6212],{"className":67,"code":6211,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(any([5]))\n",[15,6213,6214],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,6215,6216,6218,6220,6222,6224,6226],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,6217,103],{"class":102},[74,6219,107],{"class":106},[74,6221,5003],{"class":102},[74,6223,2629],{"class":106},[74,6225,711],{"class":167},[74,6227,2643],{"class":106},[262,6229,6231],{"id":6230},"thinking-any-checks-whether-all-values-are-true","Thinking any() checks whether all values are True",[20,6233,6234,6236,6237,6239],{},[15,6235,4833],{}," needs only ",[332,6238,543],{}," truthy item.",[65,6241,6243],{"className":67,"code":6242,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(any([False, False, True]))\n",[15,6244,6245],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,6246,6247,6249,6251,6253,6255,6257,6259,6261,6263,6265],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,6248,103],{"class":102},[74,6250,107],{"class":106},[74,6252,5003],{"class":102},[74,6254,2629],{"class":106},[74,6256,342],{"class":3504},[74,6258,249],{"class":106},[74,6260,3558],{"class":3504},[74,6262,249],{"class":106},[74,6264,3567],{"class":3504},[74,6266,2643],{"class":106},[20,6268,157],{},[65,6270,6271],{"className":67,"code":3631,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,6272,6273],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,6274,6275],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,6276,3631],{"class":3504},[20,6278,6279,6280,6284],{},"If you need every item to be truthy, use ",[125,6281,6282],{"href":5075},[15,6283,3226],{}," instead.",[262,6286,6288],{"id":6287},"forgetting-that-non-empty-strings-are-truthy","Forgetting that non-empty strings are truthy",[20,6290,6291,6292,114],{},"A non-empty string is truthy, even if it is not ",[15,6293,6294],{},"\"True\"",[65,6296,6298],{"className":67,"code":6297,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(any([\"False\"]))\n",[15,6299,6300],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,6301,6302,6304,6306,6308,6310,6312,6314,6316],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,6303,103],{"class":102},[74,6305,107],{"class":106},[74,6307,5003],{"class":102},[74,6309,2629],{"class":106},[74,6311,122],{"class":88},[74,6313,342],{"class":92},[74,6315,122],{"class":88},[74,6317,2643],{"class":106},[20,6319,157],{},[65,6321,6322],{"className":67,"code":3631,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,6323,6324],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,6325,6326],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,6327,3631],{"class":3504},[20,6329,6330,6331,6334],{},"That is because ",[15,6332,6333],{},"\"False\""," is a non-empty string.",[262,6336,6338],{"id":6337},"using-a-list-comprehension-when-a-generator-expression-is-enough","Using a list comprehension when a generator expression is enough",[20,6340,6341],{},"This works:",[65,6343,6345],{"className":67,"code":6344,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any([x > 2 for x in numbers]))\n",[15,6346,6347,6367],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,6348,6349,6351,6353,6355,6357,6359,6361,6363,6365],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,6350,3266],{"class":80},[74,6352,85],{"class":84},[74,6354,3271],{"class":106},[74,6356,2632],{"class":167},[74,6358,249],{"class":106},[74,6360,620],{"class":167},[74,6362,249],{"class":106},[74,6364,2094],{"class":167},[74,6366,3284],{"class":106},[74,6368,6369,6371,6373,6375,6377,6379,6381,6383,6385,6387,6389,6391],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,6370,103],{"class":102},[74,6372,107],{"class":106},[74,6374,5003],{"class":102},[74,6376,2629],{"class":106},[74,6378,2669],{"class":110},[74,6380,3903],{"class":84},[74,6382,620],{"class":167},[74,6384,3530],{"class":3529},[74,6386,3533],{"class":110},[74,6388,351],{"class":3529},[74,6390,3914],{"class":110},[74,6392,2643],{"class":106},[20,6394,6395],{},"But this is usually better:",[65,6397,6399],{"className":67,"code":6398,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any(x > 2 for x in numbers))\n",[15,6400,6401,6421],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,6402,6403,6405,6407,6409,6411,6413,6415,6417,6419],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,6404,3266],{"class":80},[74,6406,85],{"class":84},[74,6408,3271],{"class":106},[74,6410,2632],{"class":167},[74,6412,249],{"class":106},[74,6414,620],{"class":167},[74,6416,249],{"class":106},[74,6418,2094],{"class":167},[74,6420,3284],{"class":106},[74,6422,6423,6425,6427,6429,6431,6433,6435,6437,6439,6441,6443,6445],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,6424,103],{"class":102},[74,6426,107],{"class":106},[74,6428,5003],{"class":102},[74,6430,107],{"class":106},[74,6432,2669],{"class":110},[74,6434,3903],{"class":84},[74,6436,620],{"class":167},[74,6438,3530],{"class":3529},[74,6440,3533],{"class":110},[74,6442,351],{"class":3529},[74,6444,3914],{"class":110},[74,6446,130],{"class":106},[20,6448,6449],{},"The second version avoids creating an unnecessary list.",[60,6451,1471],{"id":1470},[262,6453,6455],{"id":6454},"what-does-any-return-in-python","What does any() return in Python?",[20,6457,1501,6458,6460,6461,114],{},[15,6459,338],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy. Otherwise it returns ",[15,6462,342],{},[262,6464,6466],{"id":6465},"what-happens-if-the-iterable-is-empty","What happens if the iterable is empty?",[20,6468,6469,2039,6471,6473],{},[15,6470,4833],{},[15,6472,342],{}," for an empty iterable.",[262,6475,6477],{"id":6476},"what-is-the-difference-between-any-and-all","What is the difference between any() and all()?",[20,6479,6480,6482,6483,6485],{},[15,6481,4833],{}," needs one truthy item. ",[15,6484,3226],{}," needs every item to be truthy.",[262,6487,6489],{"id":6488},"can-i-use-any-with-a-condition","Can I use any() with a condition?",[20,6491,6492],{},"Yes. A common pattern is:",[65,6494,6495],{"className":67,"code":5595,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,6496,6497],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,6498,6499,6501,6503,6505,6507,6509,6511,6513],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,6500,5003],{"class":102},[74,6502,107],{"class":106},[74,6504,5606],{"class":110},[74,6506,5609],{"class":3529},[74,6508,5612],{"class":110},[74,6510,351],{"class":3529},[74,6512,5617],{"class":110},[74,6514,260],{"class":106},[20,6516,5122],{},[65,6518,6519],{"className":67,"code":6398,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,6520,6521,6541],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,6522,6523,6525,6527,6529,6531,6533,6535,6537,6539],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,6524,3266],{"class":80},[74,6526,85],{"class":84},[74,6528,3271],{"class":106},[74,6530,2632],{"class":167},[74,6532,249],{"class":106},[74,6534,620],{"class":167},[74,6536,249],{"class":106},[74,6538,2094],{"class":167},[74,6540,3284],{"class":106},[74,6542,6543,6545,6547,6549,6551,6553,6555,6557,6559,6561,6563,6565],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,6544,103],{"class":102},[74,6546,107],{"class":106},[74,6548,5003],{"class":102},[74,6550,107],{"class":106},[74,6552,2669],{"class":110},[74,6554,3903],{"class":84},[74,6556,620],{"class":167},[74,6558,3530],{"class":3529},[74,6560,3533],{"class":110},[74,6562,351],{"class":3529},[74,6564,3914],{"class":110},[74,6566,130],{"class":106},[60,6568,1527],{"id":1526},[30,6570,6571,6577,6581,6585,6590],{},[33,6572,6573],{},[125,6574,6575,3156],{"href":5075},[15,6576,3226],{},[33,6578,6579],{},[125,6580,3458],{"href":5428},[33,6582,6583],{},[125,6584,4865],{"href":5237},[33,6586,6587],{},[125,6588,6589],{"href":5849},"How to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[33,6591,6592],{},[125,6593,6594,3156],{"href":5431},[15,6595,3464],{},[1566,6597,6598],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":70,"searchDepth":99,"depth":99,"links":6600},[6601,6602,6603,6604,6605,6606,6607,6608,6614,6620],{"id":5025,"depth":99,"text":5026},{"id":5080,"depth":99,"text":5081},{"id":3379,"depth":99,"text":3380},{"id":5437,"depth":99,"text":5438},{"id":5580,"depth":99,"text":5581},{"id":5853,"depth":99,"text":5854},{"id":5964,"depth":99,"text":5965},{"id":4169,"depth":99,"text":4170,"children":6609},[6610,6611,6612,6613],{"id":6177,"depth":133,"text":6178},{"id":6230,"depth":133,"text":6231},{"id":6287,"depth":133,"text":6288},{"id":6337,"depth":133,"text":6338},{"id":1470,"depth":99,"text":1471,"children":6615},[6616,6617,6618,6619],{"id":6454,"depth":133,"text":6455},{"id":6465,"depth":133,"text":6466},{"id":6476,"depth":133,"text":6477},{"id":6488,"depth":133,"text":6489},{"id":1526,"depth":99,"text":1527},"Master python any function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":4928,"description":6621},"reference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained","uL7-T2Lk2YfmN9VEO8KlebxCO6XTQT36wCuJPf1m2Jw",{"id":6627,"title":6628,"body":6629,"description":8759,"extension":1610,"meta":8760,"navigation":407,"path":8761,"seo":8762,"stem":8763,"__hash__":8764},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained.md","Python bool() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":6630,"toc":8722},[6631,6634,6643,6653,6655,6752,6754,6783,6799,6803,6808,6811,6821,6827,6833,6849,6851,6859,6866,6870,6873,6888,6893,6911,6916,6918,6966,6968,6985,6989,6995,6998,7033,7035,7141,7143,7180,7184,7192,7194,7214,7216,7337,7339,7368,7371,7394,7396,7404,7412,7416,7422,7426,7469,7471,7479,7482,7510,7512,7520,7524,7553,7555,7563,7595,7597,7605,7609,7660,7662,7670,7678,7682,7685,7738,7740,7761,7768,7772,7778,7781,7789,7811,7813,7821,7829,7852,7854,7862,7867,7872,7884,7886,7927,7938,7942,7951,7954,7957,8016,8019,8071,8074,8079,8095,8101,8103,8108,8116,8119,8141,8143,8151,8156,8159,8194,8196,8204,8208,8213,8251,8263,8266,8319,8327,8331,8334,8356,8364,8367,8408,8410,8433,8439,8445,8460,8462,8482,8485,8504,8506,8525,8529,8534,8613,8616,8630,8637,8639,8643,8650,8654,8658,8662,8667,8671,8676,8680,8687,8689,8719],[10,6632,6628],{"id":6633},"python-bool-function-explained",[20,6635,1627,6636,6638,6639,339,6641,114],{},[15,6637,3464],{}," function converts a value to either ",[15,6640,338],{},[15,6642,342],{},[20,6644,6645,6646,6648,6649,6652],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a value counts as \"true\" or \"false\" in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,6647,3464],{}," to understand how values behave in ",[15,6650,6651],{},"if"," statements and other conditions.",[60,6654,3256],{"id":3255},[65,6656,6658],{"className":67,"code":6657,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(1))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,6659,6660,6674,6688,6702,6720,6730],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,6661,6662,6664,6666,6668,6670,6672],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,6663,103],{"class":102},[74,6665,107],{"class":106},[74,6667,3520],{"class":1345},[74,6669,107],{"class":106},[74,6671,327],{"class":167},[74,6673,130],{"class":106},[74,6675,6676,6678,6680,6682,6684,6686],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,6677,103],{"class":102},[74,6679,107],{"class":106},[74,6681,3520],{"class":1345},[74,6683,107],{"class":106},[74,6685,2632],{"class":167},[74,6687,130],{"class":106},[74,6689,6690,6692,6694,6696,6698,6700],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,6691,103],{"class":102},[74,6693,107],{"class":106},[74,6695,3520],{"class":1345},[74,6697,107],{"class":106},[74,6699,5924],{"class":88},[74,6701,130],{"class":106},[74,6703,6704,6706,6708,6710,6712,6714,6716,6718],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,6705,103],{"class":102},[74,6707,107],{"class":106},[74,6709,3520],{"class":1345},[74,6711,107],{"class":106},[74,6713,122],{"class":88},[74,6715,3497],{"class":92},[74,6717,122],{"class":88},[74,6719,130],{"class":106},[74,6721,6722,6724,6726,6728],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,6723,103],{"class":102},[74,6725,107],{"class":106},[74,6727,3520],{"class":1345},[74,6729,4079],{"class":106},[74,6731,6732,6734,6736,6738,6740,6742,6744,6746,6748,6750],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,6733,103],{"class":102},[74,6735,107],{"class":106},[74,6737,3520],{"class":1345},[74,6739,2629],{"class":106},[74,6741,2632],{"class":167},[74,6743,249],{"class":106},[74,6745,620],{"class":167},[74,6747,249],{"class":106},[74,6749,2094],{"class":167},[74,6751,2643],{"class":106},[20,6753,5210],{},[65,6755,6757],{"className":67,"code":6756,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"False\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,6758,6759,6763,6767,6771,6775,6779],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,6760,6761],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,6762,3692],{"class":3504},[74,6764,6765],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,6766,3631],{"class":3504},[74,6768,6769],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,6770,3692],{"class":3504},[74,6772,6773],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,6774,3631],{"class":3504},[74,6776,6777],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,6778,3692],{"class":3504},[74,6780,6781],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,6782,3631],{"class":3504},[20,6784,176,6785,6788,6789,339,6791,6793,6794,6796,6797,114],{},[15,6786,6787],{},"bool(value)"," to convert a value to ",[15,6790,338],{},[15,6792,342],{},". Empty and zero-like values become ",[15,6795,342],{},". Most other values become ",[15,6798,338],{},[60,6800,6802],{"id":6801},"what-bool-does","What bool() does",[20,6804,6805,6807],{},[15,6806,3464],{}," converts a value into a Boolean result.",[20,6809,6810],{},"A Boolean value can only be one of these:",[30,6812,6813,6817],{},[33,6814,6815],{},[15,6816,338],{},[33,6818,6819],{},[15,6820,342],{},[20,6822,6823,6824,6826],{},"This is especially useful in conditions such as ",[15,6825,6651],{}," statements.",[20,6828,6829,6830,6832],{},"You can also call ",[15,6831,3464],{}," with no argument:",[65,6834,6836],{"className":67,"code":6835,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(bool())\n",[15,6837,6838],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,6839,6840,6842,6844,6846],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,6841,103],{"class":102},[74,6843,107],{"class":106},[74,6845,3520],{"class":1345},[74,6847,6848],{"class":106},"())\n",[20,6850,157],{},[65,6852,6853],{"className":67,"code":3692,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,6854,6855],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,6856,6857],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,6858,3692],{"class":3504},[20,6860,6861,6862,114],{},"If you are new to Boolean values, see ",[125,6863,6865],{"href":6864},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-boolean-in-python\u002F","what a Boolean means in Python",[60,6867,6869],{"id":6868},"bool-syntax","bool() syntax",[20,6871,6872],{},"The basic syntax is:",[65,6874,6876],{"className":67,"code":6875,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"bool(value)\n",[15,6877,6878],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,6879,6880,6882,6884,6886],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,6881,3520],{"class":1345},[74,6883,107],{"class":106},[74,6885,246],{"class":110},[74,6887,260],{"class":106},[20,6889,1627,6890,6892],{},[15,6891,246],{}," can be many different types, such as:",[30,6894,6895,6897,6899,6901,6903,6906,6908],{},[33,6896,3298],{},[33,6898,4958],{},[33,6900,4949],{},[33,6902,4952],{},[33,6904,6905],{},"dictionaries",[33,6907,4955],{},[33,6909,6910],{},"other objects",[20,6912,6913,6914,114],{},"If you do not pass any value, Python returns ",[15,6915,342],{},[20,6917,506],{},[65,6919,6921],{"className":67,"code":6920,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(bool(10))\nprint(bool(\"Python\"))\nprint(bool())\n",[15,6922,6923,6937,6956],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,6924,6925,6927,6929,6931,6933,6935],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,6926,103],{"class":102},[74,6928,107],{"class":106},[74,6930,3520],{"class":1345},[74,6932,107],{"class":106},[74,6934,1972],{"class":167},[74,6936,130],{"class":106},[74,6938,6939,6941,6943,6945,6947,6949,6952,6954],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,6940,103],{"class":102},[74,6942,107],{"class":106},[74,6944,3520],{"class":1345},[74,6946,107],{"class":106},[74,6948,122],{"class":88},[74,6950,6951],{"class":92},"Python",[74,6953,122],{"class":88},[74,6955,130],{"class":106},[74,6957,6958,6960,6962,6964],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,6959,103],{"class":102},[74,6961,107],{"class":106},[74,6963,3520],{"class":1345},[74,6965,6848],{"class":106},[20,6967,157],{},[65,6969,6971],{"className":67,"code":6970,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"True\nTrue\nFalse\n",[15,6972,6973,6977,6981],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,6974,6975],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,6976,3631],{"class":3504},[74,6978,6979],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,6980,3631],{"class":3504},[74,6982,6983],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,6984,3692],{"class":3504},[60,6986,6988],{"id":6987},"values-that-become-false","Values that become False",[20,6990,6991,6992,6994],{},"Some values are treated as false in Python. These are often called ",[332,6993,5247],{}," values.",[20,6996,6997],{},"Common examples:",[30,6999,7000,7004,7008,7012,7016,7021,7025,7029],{},[33,7001,7002],{},[15,7003,327],{},[33,7005,7006],{},[15,7007,3419],{},[33,7009,7010],{},[15,7011,5924],{},[33,7013,7014],{},[15,7015,3438],{},[33,7017,7018],{},[15,7019,7020],{},"()",[33,7022,7023],{},[15,7024,3443],{},[33,7026,7027],{},[15,7028,3448],{},[33,7030,7031],{},[15,7032,3429],{},[20,7034,506],{},[65,7036,7038],{"className":67,"code":7037,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(0.0))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool(()))\nprint(bool({}))\nprint(bool(set()))\nprint(bool(None))\n",[15,7039,7040,7054,7068,7082,7092,7102,7113,7127],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,7041,7042,7044,7046,7048,7050,7052],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,7043,103],{"class":102},[74,7045,107],{"class":106},[74,7047,3520],{"class":1345},[74,7049,107],{"class":106},[74,7051,327],{"class":167},[74,7053,130],{"class":106},[74,7055,7056,7058,7060,7062,7064,7066],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,7057,103],{"class":102},[74,7059,107],{"class":106},[74,7061,3520],{"class":1345},[74,7063,107],{"class":106},[74,7065,3419],{"class":167},[74,7067,130],{"class":106},[74,7069,7070,7072,7074,7076,7078,7080],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,7071,103],{"class":102},[74,7073,107],{"class":106},[74,7075,3520],{"class":1345},[74,7077,107],{"class":106},[74,7079,5924],{"class":88},[74,7081,130],{"class":106},[74,7083,7084,7086,7088,7090],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,7085,103],{"class":102},[74,7087,107],{"class":106},[74,7089,3520],{"class":1345},[74,7091,4079],{"class":106},[74,7093,7094,7096,7098,7100],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,7095,103],{"class":102},[74,7097,107],{"class":106},[74,7099,3520],{"class":1345},[74,7101,4137],{"class":106},[74,7103,7104,7106,7108,7110],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,7105,103],{"class":102},[74,7107,107],{"class":106},[74,7109,3520],{"class":1345},[74,7111,7112],{"class":106},"({}))\n",[74,7114,7115,7117,7119,7121,7123,7125],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,7116,103],{"class":102},[74,7118,107],{"class":106},[74,7120,3520],{"class":1345},[74,7122,107],{"class":106},[74,7124,5939],{"class":1345},[74,7126,5942],{"class":106},[74,7128,7129,7131,7133,7135,7137,7139],{"class":76,"line":6079},[74,7130,103],{"class":102},[74,7132,107],{"class":106},[74,7134,3520],{"class":1345},[74,7136,107],{"class":106},[74,7138,3429],{"class":3504},[74,7140,130],{"class":106},[20,7142,157],{},[65,7144,7146],{"className":67,"code":7145,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"False\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,7147,7148,7152,7156,7160,7164,7168,7172,7176],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,7149,7150],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,7151,3692],{"class":3504},[74,7153,7154],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,7155,3692],{"class":3504},[74,7157,7158],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,7159,3692],{"class":3504},[74,7161,7162],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,7163,3692],{"class":3504},[74,7165,7166],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,7167,3692],{"class":3504},[74,7169,7170],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,7171,3692],{"class":3504},[74,7173,7174],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,7175,3692],{"class":3504},[74,7177,7178],{"class":76,"line":6079},[74,7179,3692],{"class":3504},[60,7181,7183],{"id":7182},"values-that-become-true","Values that become True",[20,7185,7186,7187,7189,7190,6994],{},"Many values become ",[15,7188,338],{},". These are often called ",[332,7191,5244],{},[20,7193,6997],{},[30,7195,7196,7199,7202,7205,7208,7211],{},[33,7197,7198],{},"non-zero numbers",[33,7200,7201],{},"non-empty strings",[33,7203,7204],{},"non-empty lists",[33,7206,7207],{},"non-empty tuples",[33,7209,7210],{},"non-empty sets",[33,7212,7213],{},"non-empty dictionaries",[20,7215,506],{},[65,7217,7219],{"className":67,"code":7218,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(bool(5))\nprint(bool(-2))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(bool((1, 2)))\nprint(bool({\"name\": \"Sam\"}))\n",[15,7220,7221,7235,7251,7269,7291,7309],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,7222,7223,7225,7227,7229,7231,7233],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,7224,103],{"class":102},[74,7226,107],{"class":106},[74,7228,3520],{"class":1345},[74,7230,107],{"class":106},[74,7232,711],{"class":167},[74,7234,130],{"class":106},[74,7236,7237,7239,7241,7243,7245,7247,7249],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,7238,103],{"class":102},[74,7240,107],{"class":106},[74,7242,3520],{"class":1345},[74,7244,107],{"class":106},[74,7246,1669],{"class":84},[74,7248,687],{"class":167},[74,7250,130],{"class":106},[74,7252,7253,7255,7257,7259,7261,7263,7265,7267],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,7254,103],{"class":102},[74,7256,107],{"class":106},[74,7258,3520],{"class":1345},[74,7260,107],{"class":106},[74,7262,122],{"class":88},[74,7264,3497],{"class":92},[74,7266,122],{"class":88},[74,7268,130],{"class":106},[74,7270,7271,7273,7275,7277,7279,7281,7283,7285,7287,7289],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,7272,103],{"class":102},[74,7274,107],{"class":106},[74,7276,3520],{"class":1345},[74,7278,2629],{"class":106},[74,7280,2632],{"class":167},[74,7282,249],{"class":106},[74,7284,620],{"class":167},[74,7286,249],{"class":106},[74,7288,2094],{"class":167},[74,7290,2643],{"class":106},[74,7292,7293,7295,7297,7299,7301,7303,7305,7307],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,7294,103],{"class":102},[74,7296,107],{"class":106},[74,7298,3520],{"class":1345},[74,7300,5161],{"class":106},[74,7302,2632],{"class":167},[74,7304,249],{"class":106},[74,7306,620],{"class":167},[74,7308,2555],{"class":106},[74,7310,7311,7313,7315,7317,7319,7321,7324,7326,7328,7330,7333,7335],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,7312,103],{"class":102},[74,7314,107],{"class":106},[74,7316,3520],{"class":1345},[74,7318,5180],{"class":106},[74,7320,122],{"class":88},[74,7322,7323],{"class":92},"name",[74,7325,122],{"class":88},[74,7327,679],{"class":106},[74,7329,89],{"class":88},[74,7331,7332],{"class":92},"Sam",[74,7334,122],{"class":88},[74,7336,5189],{"class":106},[20,7338,157],{},[65,7340,7342],{"className":67,"code":7341,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"True\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,7343,7344,7348,7352,7356,7360,7364],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,7345,7346],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,7347,3631],{"class":3504},[74,7349,7350],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,7351,3631],{"class":3504},[74,7353,7354],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,7355,3631],{"class":3504},[74,7357,7358],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,7359,3631],{"class":3504},[74,7361,7362],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,7363,3631],{"class":3504},[74,7365,7366],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,7367,3631],{"class":3504},[20,7369,7370],{},"One important example is this:",[65,7372,7374],{"className":67,"code":7373,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(bool(\"False\"))\n",[15,7375,7376],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,7377,7378,7380,7382,7384,7386,7388,7390,7392],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,7379,103],{"class":102},[74,7381,107],{"class":106},[74,7383,3520],{"class":1345},[74,7385,107],{"class":106},[74,7387,122],{"class":88},[74,7389,342],{"class":92},[74,7391,122],{"class":88},[74,7393,130],{"class":106},[20,7395,157],{},[65,7397,7398],{"className":67,"code":3631,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,7399,7400],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,7401,7402],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,7403,3631],{"class":3504},[20,7405,7406,7407,7409,7410,114],{},"Even though the text says ",[15,7408,6333],{},", it is still a non-empty string, so Python treats it as ",[15,7411,338],{},[60,7413,7415],{"id":7414},"using-bool-in-real-code","Using bool() in real code",[20,7417,7418,7419,7421],{},"You can use ",[15,7420,3464],{}," in simple programs to make your code easier to understand.",[262,7423,7425],{"id":7424},"check-whether-a-list-has-items","Check whether a list has items",[65,7427,7429],{"className":67,"code":7428,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,7430,7431,7454],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,7432,7433,7436,7438,7440,7442,7444,7447,7449,7452],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,7434,7435],{"class":80},"items ",[74,7437,85],{"class":84},[74,7439,3271],{"class":106},[74,7441,1972],{"class":167},[74,7443,249],{"class":106},[74,7445,7446],{"class":167}," 20",[74,7448,249],{"class":106},[74,7450,7451],{"class":167}," 30",[74,7453,3284],{"class":106},[74,7455,7456,7458,7460,7462,7464,7467],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,7457,103],{"class":102},[74,7459,107],{"class":106},[74,7461,3520],{"class":1345},[74,7463,107],{"class":106},[74,7465,7466],{"class":110},"items",[74,7468,130],{"class":106},[20,7470,157],{},[65,7472,7473],{"className":67,"code":3631,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,7474,7475],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,7476,7477],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,7478,3631],{"class":3504},[20,7480,7481],{},"With an empty list:",[65,7483,7485],{"className":67,"code":7484,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"items = []\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,7486,7487,7496],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,7488,7489,7491,7493],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,7490,7435],{"class":80},[74,7492,85],{"class":84},[74,7494,7495],{"class":106}," []\n",[74,7497,7498,7500,7502,7504,7506,7508],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,7499,103],{"class":102},[74,7501,107],{"class":106},[74,7503,3520],{"class":1345},[74,7505,107],{"class":106},[74,7507,7466],{"class":110},[74,7509,130],{"class":106},[20,7511,157],{},[65,7513,7514],{"className":67,"code":3692,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,7515,7516],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,7517,7518],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,7519,3692],{"class":3504},[262,7521,7523],{"id":7522},"check-whether-a-string-is-empty","Check whether a string is empty",[65,7525,7527],{"className":67,"code":7526,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"name = \"\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,7528,7529,7539],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,7530,7531,7534,7536],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,7532,7533],{"class":80},"name ",[74,7535,85],{"class":84},[74,7537,7538],{"class":88}," \"\"\n",[74,7540,7541,7543,7545,7547,7549,7551],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,7542,103],{"class":102},[74,7544,107],{"class":106},[74,7546,3520],{"class":1345},[74,7548,107],{"class":106},[74,7550,7323],{"class":110},[74,7552,130],{"class":106},[20,7554,157],{},[65,7556,7557],{"className":67,"code":3692,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,7558,7559],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,7560,7561],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,7562,3692],{"class":3504},[65,7564,7566],{"className":67,"code":7565,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"name = \"Mia\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,7567,7568,7581],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,7569,7570,7572,7574,7576,7579],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,7571,7533],{"class":80},[74,7573,85],{"class":84},[74,7575,89],{"class":88},[74,7577,7578],{"class":92},"Mia",[74,7580,96],{"class":88},[74,7582,7583,7585,7587,7589,7591,7593],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,7584,103],{"class":102},[74,7586,107],{"class":106},[74,7588,3520],{"class":1345},[74,7590,107],{"class":106},[74,7592,7323],{"class":110},[74,7594,130],{"class":106},[20,7596,157],{},[65,7598,7599],{"className":67,"code":3631,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,7600,7601],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,7602,7603],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,7604,3631],{"class":3504},[262,7606,7608],{"id":7607},"convert-a-result-before-printing-or-storing-it","Convert a result before printing or storing it",[65,7610,7612],{"className":67,"code":7611,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"username = \"alex\"\nhas_name = bool(username)\n\nprint(has_name)\n",[15,7613,7614,7628,7645,7649],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,7615,7616,7619,7621,7623,7626],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,7617,7618],{"class":80},"username ",[74,7620,85],{"class":84},[74,7622,89],{"class":88},[74,7624,7625],{"class":92},"alex",[74,7627,96],{"class":88},[74,7629,7630,7633,7635,7638,7640,7643],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,7631,7632],{"class":80},"has_name ",[74,7634,85],{"class":84},[74,7636,7637],{"class":1345}," bool",[74,7639,107],{"class":106},[74,7641,7642],{"class":110},"username",[74,7644,260],{"class":106},[74,7646,7647],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,7648,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,7650,7651,7653,7655,7658],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,7652,103],{"class":102},[74,7654,107],{"class":106},[74,7656,7657],{"class":110},"has_name",[74,7659,260],{"class":106},[20,7661,157],{},[65,7663,7664],{"className":67,"code":3631,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,7665,7666],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,7667,7668],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,7669,3631],{"class":3504},[20,7671,7672,7673,339,7675,7677],{},"This can be useful when you want a clear ",[15,7674,338],{},[15,7676,342],{}," value instead of checking the original value later.",[262,7679,7681],{"id":7680},"help-understand-conditions","Help understand conditions",[20,7683,7684],{},"Python already checks truthy and falsy values in conditions.",[65,7686,7688],{"className":67,"code":7687,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif numbers:\n    print(\"The list is not empty\")\n",[15,7689,7690,7710,7714,7722],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,7691,7692,7694,7696,7698,7700,7702,7704,7706,7708],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,7693,3266],{"class":80},[74,7695,85],{"class":84},[74,7697,3271],{"class":106},[74,7699,2632],{"class":167},[74,7701,249],{"class":106},[74,7703,620],{"class":167},[74,7705,249],{"class":106},[74,7707,2094],{"class":167},[74,7709,3284],{"class":106},[74,7711,7712],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,7713,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,7715,7716,7718,7720],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,7717,6651],{"class":3529},[74,7719,3914],{"class":80},[74,7721,6046],{"class":106},[74,7723,7724,7727,7729,7731,7734,7736],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,7725,7726],{"class":102},"    print",[74,7728,107],{"class":106},[74,7730,122],{"class":88},[74,7732,7733],{"class":92},"The list is not empty",[74,7735,122],{"class":88},[74,7737,260],{"class":106},[20,7739,157],{},[65,7741,7743],{"className":67,"code":7742,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"The list is not empty\n",[15,7744,7745],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,7746,7747,7749,7752,7755,7758],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,7748,1627],{"class":80},[74,7750,7751],{"class":1345},"list",[74,7753,7754],{"class":84}," is",[74,7756,7757],{"class":84}," not",[74,7759,7760],{"class":80}," empty\n",[20,7762,7763,7764,114],{},"To learn more about conditions, see ",[125,7765,7767],{"href":7766},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-if-statements-explained\u002F","Python if statements explained",[60,7769,7771],{"id":7770},"important-beginner-warning","Important beginner warning",[20,7773,7774,7775,7777],{},"A very common mistake is expecting ",[15,7776,3464],{}," to understand the meaning of text.",[20,7779,7780],{},"It does not do that.",[262,7782,7784,2039,7787],{"id":7783},"boolfalse-returns-true",[15,7785,7786],{},"bool(\"False\")",[15,7788,338],{},[65,7790,7791],{"className":67,"code":7373,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,7792,7793],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,7794,7795,7797,7799,7801,7803,7805,7807,7809],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,7796,103],{"class":102},[74,7798,107],{"class":106},[74,7800,3520],{"class":1345},[74,7802,107],{"class":106},[74,7804,122],{"class":88},[74,7806,342],{"class":92},[74,7808,122],{"class":88},[74,7810,130],{"class":106},[20,7812,157],{},[65,7814,7815],{"className":67,"code":3631,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,7816,7817],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,7818,7819],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,7820,3631],{"class":3504},[262,7822,7824,2039,7827],{"id":7823},"bool0-returns-true",[15,7825,7826],{},"bool(\"0\")",[15,7828,338],{},[65,7830,7832],{"className":67,"code":7831,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(bool(\"0\"))\n",[15,7833,7834],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,7835,7836,7838,7840,7842,7844,7846,7848,7850],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,7837,103],{"class":102},[74,7839,107],{"class":106},[74,7841,3520],{"class":1345},[74,7843,107],{"class":106},[74,7845,122],{"class":88},[74,7847,327],{"class":92},[74,7849,122],{"class":88},[74,7851,130],{"class":106},[20,7853,157],{},[65,7855,7856],{"className":67,"code":3631,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,7857,7858],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,7859,7860],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,7861,3631],{"class":3504},[20,7863,7864,7865,114],{},"This happens because both values are ",[332,7866,7201],{},[20,7868,7869,7871],{},[15,7870,3464],{}," does not read the word and decide what it means. It only checks whether the value is empty or not.",[20,7873,7874,7875,7880,7881,7883],{},"This matters a lot when working with ",[125,7876,7878],{"href":7877},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained\u002F",[15,7879,2601],{},", because ",[15,7882,2601],{}," always returns a string.",[20,7885,506],{},[65,7887,7889],{"className":67,"code":7888,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"user_value = input(\"Enter True or False: \")\nprint(bool(user_value))\n",[15,7890,7891,7912],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,7892,7893,7896,7898,7901,7903,7905,7908,7910],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,7894,7895],{"class":80},"user_value ",[74,7897,85],{"class":84},[74,7899,7900],{"class":102}," input",[74,7902,107],{"class":106},[74,7904,122],{"class":88},[74,7906,7907],{"class":92},"Enter True or False: ",[74,7909,122],{"class":88},[74,7911,260],{"class":106},[74,7913,7914,7916,7918,7920,7922,7925],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,7915,103],{"class":102},[74,7917,107],{"class":106},[74,7919,3520],{"class":1345},[74,7921,107],{"class":106},[74,7923,7924],{"class":110},"user_value",[74,7926,130],{"class":106},[20,7928,7929,7930,7932,7933,7880,7935,7937],{},"If the user types ",[15,7931,342],{},", the result will still be ",[15,7934,338],{},[15,7936,6333],{}," is not empty.",[60,7939,7941],{"id":7940},"when-you-may-not-need-bool","When you may not need bool()",[20,7943,7944,7945,7947,7948,7950],{},"In many ",[15,7946,6651],{}," statements, you do not need to write ",[15,7949,3464],{}," yourself.",[20,7952,7953],{},"Python already checks truthiness for you.",[20,7955,7956],{},"Instead of this:",[65,7958,7960],{"className":67,"code":7959,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif bool(my_list):\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,7961,7962,7983,7987,8001],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,7963,7964,7967,7969,7971,7973,7975,7977,7979,7981],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,7965,7966],{"class":80},"my_list ",[74,7968,85],{"class":84},[74,7970,3271],{"class":106},[74,7972,2632],{"class":167},[74,7974,249],{"class":106},[74,7976,620],{"class":167},[74,7978,249],{"class":106},[74,7980,2094],{"class":167},[74,7982,3284],{"class":106},[74,7984,7985],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,7986,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,7988,7989,7991,7993,7995,7998],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,7990,6651],{"class":3529},[74,7992,7637],{"class":1345},[74,7994,107],{"class":106},[74,7996,7997],{"class":110},"my_list",[74,7999,8000],{"class":106},"):\n",[74,8002,8003,8005,8007,8009,8012,8014],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,8004,7726],{"class":102},[74,8006,107],{"class":106},[74,8008,122],{"class":88},[74,8010,8011],{"class":92},"List has items",[74,8013,122],{"class":88},[74,8015,260],{"class":106},[20,8017,8018],{},"You can simply write:",[65,8020,8022],{"className":67,"code":8021,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif my_list:\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,8023,8024,8044,8048,8057],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,8025,8026,8028,8030,8032,8034,8036,8038,8040,8042],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,8027,7966],{"class":80},[74,8029,85],{"class":84},[74,8031,3271],{"class":106},[74,8033,2632],{"class":167},[74,8035,249],{"class":106},[74,8037,620],{"class":167},[74,8039,249],{"class":106},[74,8041,2094],{"class":167},[74,8043,3284],{"class":106},[74,8045,8046],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,8047,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,8049,8050,8052,8055],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,8051,6651],{"class":3529},[74,8053,8054],{"class":80}," my_list",[74,8056,6046],{"class":106},[74,8058,8059,8061,8063,8065,8067,8069],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,8060,7726],{"class":102},[74,8062,107],{"class":106},[74,8064,122],{"class":88},[74,8066,8011],{"class":92},[74,8068,122],{"class":88},[74,8070,260],{"class":106},[20,8072,8073],{},"Both examples work.",[20,8075,571,8076,8078],{},[15,8077,3464],{}," is still helpful when:",[30,8080,8081,8084,8092],{},[33,8082,8083],{},"you are learning how truthy and falsy values work",[33,8085,8086,8087,339,8089,8091],{},"you want to store a real ",[15,8088,338],{},[15,8090,342],{}," value",[33,8093,8094],{},"you want to print the result clearly while debugging",[20,8096,8097,8098,114],{},"If you want to inspect the type of a value, see ",[125,8099,8100],{"href":1940},"Python type() function explained",[60,8102,914],{"id":913},[20,8104,8105,8106,114],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with ",[15,8107,3464],{},[262,8109,923,8111,8113,8114],{"id":8110},"expecting-boolfalse-to-return-false",[15,8112,7786],{}," to return ",[15,8115,342],{},[20,8117,8118],{},"This is one of the most common problems.",[65,8120,8121],{"className":67,"code":7373,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,8122,8123],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,8124,8125,8127,8129,8131,8133,8135,8137,8139],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,8126,103],{"class":102},[74,8128,107],{"class":106},[74,8130,3520],{"class":1345},[74,8132,107],{"class":106},[74,8134,122],{"class":88},[74,8136,342],{"class":92},[74,8138,122],{"class":88},[74,8140,130],{"class":106},[20,8142,157],{},[65,8144,8145],{"className":67,"code":3631,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,8146,8147],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,8148,8149],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,8150,3631],{"class":3504},[20,8152,8153,8154,6334],{},"Why? Because ",[15,8155,6333],{},[20,8157,8158],{},"If you want to check the actual text, compare the string directly:",[65,8160,8162],{"className":67,"code":8161,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"value = \"False\"\nprint(value == \"True\")\n",[15,8163,8164,8176],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,8165,8166,8168,8170,8172,8174],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,8167,2089],{"class":80},[74,8169,85],{"class":84},[74,8171,89],{"class":88},[74,8173,342],{"class":92},[74,8175,96],{"class":88},[74,8177,8178,8180,8182,8184,8186,8188,8190,8192],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,8179,103],{"class":102},[74,8181,107],{"class":106},[74,8183,2089],{"class":110},[74,8185,4339],{"class":84},[74,8187,89],{"class":88},[74,8189,338],{"class":92},[74,8191,122],{"class":88},[74,8193,260],{"class":106},[20,8195,157],{},[65,8197,8198],{"className":67,"code":3692,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,8199,8200],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,8201,8202],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,8203,3692],{"class":3504},[262,8205,8207],{"id":8206},"using-strings-from-input-and-expecting-automatic-yesno-conversion","Using strings from input() and expecting automatic yes\u002Fno conversion",[20,8209,8210,8212],{},[15,8211,2601],{}," returns text, not real Boolean values.",[65,8214,8216],{"className":67,"code":8215,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \")\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,8217,8218,8237],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,8219,8220,8222,8224,8226,8228,8230,8233,8235],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,8221,2089],{"class":80},[74,8223,85],{"class":84},[74,8225,7900],{"class":102},[74,8227,107],{"class":106},[74,8229,122],{"class":88},[74,8231,8232],{"class":92},"Enter yes or no: ",[74,8234,122],{"class":88},[74,8236,260],{"class":106},[74,8238,8239,8241,8243,8245,8247,8249],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,8240,103],{"class":102},[74,8242,107],{"class":106},[74,8244,3520],{"class":1345},[74,8246,107],{"class":106},[74,8248,246],{"class":110},[74,8250,130],{"class":106},[20,8252,7929,8253,8256,8257,8259,8260,7937],{},[15,8254,8255],{},"no",", the result is still ",[15,8258,338],{}," because ",[15,8261,8262],{},"\"no\"",[20,8264,8265],{},"A safer approach is to clean the text and compare it:",[65,8267,8269],{"className":67,"code":8268,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \").strip().lower()\nprint(value == \"yes\")\n",[15,8270,8271,8300],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,8272,8273,8275,8277,8279,8281,8283,8285,8287,8290,8293,8295,8297],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,8274,2089],{"class":80},[74,8276,85],{"class":84},[74,8278,7900],{"class":102},[74,8280,107],{"class":106},[74,8282,122],{"class":88},[74,8284,8232],{"class":92},[74,8286,122],{"class":88},[74,8288,8289],{"class":106},").",[74,8291,8292],{"class":110},"strip",[74,8294,888],{"class":106},[74,8296,885],{"class":110},[74,8298,8299],{"class":106},"()\n",[74,8301,8302,8304,8306,8308,8310,8312,8315,8317],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,8303,103],{"class":102},[74,8305,107],{"class":106},[74,8307,2089],{"class":110},[74,8309,4339],{"class":84},[74,8311,89],{"class":88},[74,8313,8314],{"class":92},"yes",[74,8316,122],{"class":88},[74,8318,260],{"class":106},[20,8320,8321,8322,8324,8325,114],{},"This gives ",[15,8323,338],{}," only when the user enters ",[15,8326,8314],{},[262,8328,8330],{"id":8329},"confusing-empty-values-with-the-actual-value-false","Confusing empty values with the actual value False",[20,8332,8333],{},"These are different:",[30,8335,8336,8340,8344,8348,8352],{},[33,8337,8338],{},[15,8339,342],{},[33,8341,8342],{},[15,8343,327],{},[33,8345,8346],{},[15,8347,5924],{},[33,8349,8350],{},[15,8351,3438],{},[33,8353,8354],{},[15,8355,3429],{},[20,8357,8358,8359,1126,8361,8363],{},"They all become ",[15,8360,342],{},[15,8362,3464],{},", but they are not the same value.",[20,8365,8366],{},"You can check the type if needed:",[65,8368,8370],{"className":67,"code":8369,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"value = []\nprint(type(value))\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,8371,8372,8380,8394],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,8373,8374,8376,8378],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,8375,2089],{"class":80},[74,8377,85],{"class":84},[74,8379,7495],{"class":106},[74,8381,8382,8384,8386,8388,8390,8392],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,8383,103],{"class":102},[74,8385,107],{"class":106},[74,8387,1346],{"class":1345},[74,8389,107],{"class":106},[74,8391,246],{"class":110},[74,8393,130],{"class":106},[74,8395,8396,8398,8400,8402,8404,8406],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,8397,103],{"class":102},[74,8399,107],{"class":106},[74,8401,3520],{"class":1345},[74,8403,107],{"class":106},[74,8405,246],{"class":110},[74,8407,130],{"class":106},[20,8409,157],{},[65,8411,8413],{"className":67,"code":8412,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"\u003Cclass 'list'>\nFalse\n",[15,8414,8415,8429],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,8416,8417,8419,8421,8423,8425,8427],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,8418,2935],{"class":84},[74,8420,2938],{"class":1711},[74,8422,2941],{"class":88},[74,8424,7751],{"class":92},[74,8426,2946],{"class":88},[74,8428,2949],{"class":84},[74,8430,8431],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,8432,3692],{"class":3504},[262,8434,571,8436,8438],{"id":8435},"using-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,8437,3443],{}," expecting an empty set",[20,8440,8441,8442,8444],{},"In Python, ",[15,8443,3443],{}," creates an empty dictionary, not an empty set.",[65,8446,8448],{"className":67,"code":8447,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(type({}))\n",[15,8449,8450],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,8451,8452,8454,8456,8458],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,8453,103],{"class":102},[74,8455,107],{"class":106},[74,8457,1346],{"class":1345},[74,8459,7112],{"class":106},[20,8461,157],{},[65,8463,8465],{"className":67,"code":8464,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,8466,8467],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,8468,8469,8471,8473,8475,8478,8480],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,8470,2935],{"class":84},[74,8472,2938],{"class":1711},[74,8474,2941],{"class":88},[74,8476,8477],{"class":92},"dict",[74,8479,2946],{"class":88},[74,8481,2949],{"class":84},[20,8483,8484],{},"To make an empty set, use:",[65,8486,8488],{"className":67,"code":8487,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(type(set()))\n",[15,8489,8490],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,8491,8492,8494,8496,8498,8500,8502],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,8493,103],{"class":102},[74,8495,107],{"class":106},[74,8497,1346],{"class":1345},[74,8499,107],{"class":106},[74,8501,5939],{"class":1345},[74,8503,5942],{"class":106},[20,8505,157],{},[65,8507,8509],{"className":67,"code":8508,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,8510,8511],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,8512,8513,8515,8517,8519,8521,8523],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,8514,2935],{"class":84},[74,8516,2938],{"class":1711},[74,8518,2941],{"class":88},[74,8520,5939],{"class":92},[74,8522,2946],{"class":88},[74,8524,2949],{"class":84},[60,8526,8528],{"id":8527},"helpful-debugging-checks","Helpful debugging checks",[20,8530,1318,8531,8533],{},[15,8532,3464],{}," gives a result you did not expect, these checks can help:",[65,8535,8537],{"className":67,"code":8536,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(bool(value))\nprint(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(value == \"True\")\nprint(value.strip().lower())\n",[15,8538,8539,8553,8567,8577,8595],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,8540,8541,8543,8545,8547,8549,8551],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,8542,103],{"class":102},[74,8544,107],{"class":106},[74,8546,3520],{"class":1345},[74,8548,107],{"class":106},[74,8550,246],{"class":110},[74,8552,130],{"class":106},[74,8554,8555,8557,8559,8561,8563,8565],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,8556,103],{"class":102},[74,8558,107],{"class":106},[74,8560,1346],{"class":1345},[74,8562,107],{"class":106},[74,8564,246],{"class":110},[74,8566,130],{"class":106},[74,8568,8569,8571,8573,8575],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,8570,103],{"class":102},[74,8572,107],{"class":106},[74,8574,246],{"class":110},[74,8576,260],{"class":106},[74,8578,8579,8581,8583,8585,8587,8589,8591,8593],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,8580,103],{"class":102},[74,8582,107],{"class":106},[74,8584,2089],{"class":110},[74,8586,4339],{"class":84},[74,8588,89],{"class":88},[74,8590,338],{"class":92},[74,8592,122],{"class":88},[74,8594,260],{"class":106},[74,8596,8597,8599,8601,8603,8605,8607,8609,8611],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,8598,103],{"class":102},[74,8600,107],{"class":106},[74,8602,246],{"class":110},[74,8604,114],{"class":106},[74,8606,8292],{"class":110},[74,8608,888],{"class":106},[74,8610,885],{"class":110},[74,8612,6848],{"class":106},[20,8614,8615],{},"These are useful for finding out:",[30,8617,8618,8621,8624,8627],{},[33,8619,8620],{},"what the value really is",[33,8622,8623],{},"whether it is a string",[33,8625,8626],{},"whether it contains spaces",[33,8628,8629],{},"whether it matches the text you expected",[20,8631,8632,8633,114],{},"This is especially helpful when handling user input. You may also want to read ",[125,8634,8636],{"href":8635},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-user-input-to-numbers-in-python\u002F","how to convert user input to numbers in Python",[60,8638,1471],{"id":1470},[262,8640,8642],{"id":8641},"what-does-bool-return-in-python","What does bool() return in Python?",[20,8644,8645,8646,339,8648,114],{},"It returns either ",[15,8647,338],{},[15,8649,342],{},[262,8651,8653],{"id":8652},"what-happens-if-i-call-bool-with-no-argument","What happens if I call bool() with no argument?",[20,8655,1501,8656,114],{},[15,8657,342],{},[262,8659,8661],{"id":8660},"why-does-boolfalse-return-true","Why does bool(\"False\") return True?",[20,8663,8664,8665,114],{},"Because the string is not empty. Non-empty strings are ",[15,8666,338],{},[262,8668,8670],{"id":8669},"does-bool0-return-false","Does bool(0) return False?",[20,8672,8673,8674,114],{},"Yes. Zero values are ",[15,8675,342],{},[262,8677,8679],{"id":8678},"should-i-use-bool-inside-every-if-statement","Should I use bool() inside every if statement?",[20,8681,8682,8683,339,8685,3388],{},"No. Python already treats many values as ",[15,8684,338],{},[15,8686,342],{},[60,8688,1527],{"id":1526},[30,8690,8691,8696,8700,8705,8709,8714],{},[33,8692,8693],{},[125,8694,8695],{"href":5428},"Python booleans explained: True and False",[33,8697,8698],{},[125,8699,7767],{"href":7766},[33,8701,8702],{},[125,8703,8704],{"href":7877},"Python input() function explained",[33,8706,8707],{},[125,8708,8100],{"href":1940},[33,8710,8711],{},[125,8712,8713],{"href":8635},"How to convert user input to numbers in Python",[33,8715,8716],{},[125,8717,8718],{"href":6864},"What is a Boolean in Python?",[1566,8720,8721],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":70,"searchDepth":99,"depth":99,"links":8723},[8724,8725,8726,8727,8728,8729,8735,8741,8742,8750,8751,8758],{"id":3255,"depth":99,"text":3256},{"id":6801,"depth":99,"text":6802},{"id":6868,"depth":99,"text":6869},{"id":6987,"depth":99,"text":6988},{"id":7182,"depth":99,"text":7183},{"id":7414,"depth":99,"text":7415,"children":8730},[8731,8732,8733,8734],{"id":7424,"depth":133,"text":7425},{"id":7522,"depth":133,"text":7523},{"id":7607,"depth":133,"text":7608},{"id":7680,"depth":133,"text":7681},{"id":7770,"depth":99,"text":7771,"children":8736},[8737,8739],{"id":7783,"depth":133,"text":8738},"bool(\"False\") returns True",{"id":7823,"depth":133,"text":8740},"bool(\"0\") returns True",{"id":7940,"depth":99,"text":7941},{"id":913,"depth":99,"text":914,"children":8743},[8744,8746,8747,8748],{"id":8110,"depth":133,"text":8745},"Expecting bool(\"False\") to return False",{"id":8206,"depth":133,"text":8207},{"id":8329,"depth":133,"text":8330},{"id":8435,"depth":133,"text":8749},"Using {} expecting an empty set",{"id":8527,"depth":99,"text":8528},{"id":1470,"depth":99,"text":1471,"children":8752},[8753,8754,8755,8756,8757],{"id":8641,"depth":133,"text":8642},{"id":8652,"depth":133,"text":8653},{"id":8660,"depth":133,"text":8661},{"id":8669,"depth":133,"text":8670},{"id":8678,"depth":133,"text":8679},{"id":1526,"depth":99,"text":1527},"Master python bool function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained",{"title":6628,"description":8759},"reference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained","pI2oMfdg_YnAHiyOUFPGbqEmJXu7efHhSyUkPc3C068",{"id":8766,"title":8767,"body":8768,"description":10963,"extension":1610,"meta":10964,"navigation":407,"path":10965,"seo":10966,"stem":10967,"__hash__":10968},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained.md","Python dict() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":8769,"toc":10925},[8770,8776,8782,8789,8794,8805,8812,8921,8925,8994,8999,9004,9009,9012,9023,9028,9031,9042,9049,9051,9056,9060,9085,9089,9098,9102,9165,9169,9202,9206,9251,9255,9292,9296,9299,9355,9359,9405,9408,9413,9452,9456,9479,9482,9496,9509,9513,9518,9585,9589,9625,9628,9636,9639,9703,9707,9739,9745,9747,9807,9814,9817,9895,9899,9932,9936,9939,9983,9987,10023,10026,10043,10046,10049,10102,10105,10116,10123,10132,10135,10193,10197,10238,10246,10254,10260,10268,10280,10285,10296,10369,10372,10384,10400,10404,10409,10413,10415,10458,10464,10466,10529,10533,10536,10545,10550,10587,10591,10594,10602,10605,10644,10648,10651,10702,10706,10727,10734,10736,10742,10769,10772,10827,10830,10841,10843,10850,10858,10864,10869,10876,10879,10886,10893,10895,10922],[10,8771,3223,8773,3227],{"id":8772},"python-dict-function-explained",[15,8774,8775],{},"dict()",[20,8777,8778,8779,8781],{},"The built-in ",[15,8780,8775],{}," function creates a new dictionary.",[20,8783,8784,8785,8788],{},"A dictionary stores data as ",[332,8786,8787],{},"key-value pairs",". You use it when you want to connect one piece of data to another, such as a name to an age or a product to a price.",[20,8790,8791,8793],{},[15,8792,8775],{}," is commonly used to:",[30,8795,8796,8799,8802],{},[33,8797,8798],{},"create an empty dictionary",[33,8800,8801],{},"convert key-value pairs into a dictionary",[33,8803,8804],{},"build a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,8806,8807,8808,114],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, see ",[125,8809,8811],{"href":8810},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained\u002F","Python dictionaries explained",[65,8813,8815],{"className":67,"code":8814,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n\npairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\nprint(dict(pairs))\n",[15,8816,8817,8852,8863,8867,8906],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,8818,8819,8822,8824,8827,8829,8832,8834,8836,8838,8840,8842,8845,8847,8850],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,8820,8821],{"class":80},"data ",[74,8823,85],{"class":84},[74,8825,8826],{"class":1345}," dict",[74,8828,107],{"class":106},[74,8830,7323],{"class":8831},"s99_P",[74,8833,85],{"class":84},[74,8835,2946],{"class":88},[74,8837,4655],{"class":92},[74,8839,2946],{"class":88},[74,8841,249],{"class":106},[74,8843,8844],{"class":8831}," age",[74,8846,85],{"class":84},[74,8848,8849],{"class":167},"25",[74,8851,260],{"class":106},[74,8853,8854,8856,8858,8861],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,8855,103],{"class":102},[74,8857,107],{"class":106},[74,8859,8860],{"class":110},"data",[74,8862,260],{"class":106},[74,8864,8865],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,8866,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,8868,8869,8872,8874,8877,8879,8881,8883,8885,8887,8890,8893,8895,8897,8899,8901,8903],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,8870,8871],{"class":80},"pairs ",[74,8873,85],{"class":84},[74,8875,8876],{"class":106}," [(",[74,8878,2946],{"class":88},[74,8880,125],{"class":92},[74,8882,2946],{"class":88},[74,8884,249],{"class":106},[74,8886,5148],{"class":167},[74,8888,8889],{"class":106},"),",[74,8891,8892],{"class":106}," (",[74,8894,2946],{"class":88},[74,8896,4412],{"class":92},[74,8898,2946],{"class":88},[74,8900,249],{"class":106},[74,8902,620],{"class":167},[74,8904,8905],{"class":106},")]\n",[74,8907,8908,8910,8912,8914,8916,8919],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,8909,103],{"class":102},[74,8911,107],{"class":106},[74,8913,8477],{"class":1345},[74,8915,107],{"class":106},[74,8917,8918],{"class":110},"pairs",[74,8920,130],{"class":106},[20,8922,8923],{},[332,8924,157],{},[65,8926,8928],{"className":67,"code":8927,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,8929,8930,8966],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,8931,8932,8935,8937,8939,8941,8943,8945,8947,8949,8951,8953,8956,8958,8960,8963],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,8933,8934],{"class":106},"{",[74,8936,2946],{"class":88},[74,8938,7323],{"class":92},[74,8940,2946],{"class":88},[74,8942,679],{"class":106},[74,8944,2941],{"class":88},[74,8946,4655],{"class":92},[74,8948,2946],{"class":88},[74,8950,249],{"class":106},[74,8952,2941],{"class":88},[74,8954,8955],{"class":92},"age",[74,8957,2946],{"class":88},[74,8959,679],{"class":106},[74,8961,8962],{"class":167}," 25",[74,8964,8965],{"class":106},"}\n",[74,8967,8968,8970,8972,8974,8976,8978,8980,8982,8984,8986,8988,8990,8992],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,8969,8934],{"class":106},[74,8971,2946],{"class":88},[74,8973,125],{"class":92},[74,8975,2946],{"class":88},[74,8977,679],{"class":106},[74,8979,5148],{"class":167},[74,8981,249],{"class":106},[74,8983,2941],{"class":88},[74,8985,4412],{"class":92},[74,8987,2946],{"class":88},[74,8989,679],{"class":106},[74,8991,620],{"class":167},[74,8993,8965],{"class":106},[20,8995,176,8996,8998],{},[15,8997,8775],{}," to create a dictionary from keyword arguments or from key-value pairs.",[60,9000,3328,9002,38],{"id":9001},"what-dict-does",[15,9003,8775],{},[20,9005,9006,9008],{},[15,9007,8775],{}," creates a new dictionary object.",[20,9010,9011],{},"A dictionary:",[30,9013,9014,9017,9020],{},[33,9015,9016],{},"stores data in key-value pairs",[33,9018,9019],{},"lets you look up values by key",[33,9021,9022],{},"is one of the most common Python data types",[20,9024,9025,9027],{},[15,9026,8775],{}," is a built-in Python function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[20,9029,9030],{},"Common uses include:",[30,9032,9033,9036,9039],{},[33,9034,9035],{},"making an empty dictionary",[33,9037,9038],{},"converting pairs into a dictionary",[33,9040,9041],{},"building a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,9043,9044,9045,114],{},"If you want a broader introduction to dictionary creation, see ",[125,9046,9048],{"href":9047},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary\u002F","creating a dictionary in Python",[60,9050,227],{"id":226},[20,9052,9053,9055],{},[15,9054,8775],{}," can be used in a few different ways.",[262,9057,9059],{"id":9058},"create-an-empty-dictionary","Create an empty dictionary",[65,9061,9063],{"className":67,"code":9062,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"data = dict()\nprint(data)\n",[15,9064,9065,9075],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,9066,9067,9069,9071,9073],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,9068,8821],{"class":80},[74,9070,85],{"class":84},[74,9072,8826],{"class":1345},[74,9074,8299],{"class":106},[74,9076,9077,9079,9081,9083],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,9078,103],{"class":102},[74,9080,107],{"class":106},[74,9082,8860],{"class":110},[74,9084,260],{"class":106},[20,9086,9087],{},[332,9088,157],{},[65,9090,9092],{"className":67,"code":9091,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"{}\n",[15,9093,9094],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,9095,9096],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,9097,9091],{"class":106},[262,9099,9101],{"id":9100},"create-a-dictionary-from-pairs","Create a dictionary from pairs",[65,9103,9105],{"className":67,"code":9104,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9106,9107,9141,9155],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,9108,9109,9111,9113,9115,9117,9119,9121,9123,9125,9127,9129,9131,9133,9135,9137,9139],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,9110,8871],{"class":80},[74,9112,85],{"class":84},[74,9114,8876],{"class":106},[74,9116,2946],{"class":88},[74,9118,125],{"class":92},[74,9120,2946],{"class":88},[74,9122,249],{"class":106},[74,9124,5148],{"class":167},[74,9126,8889],{"class":106},[74,9128,8892],{"class":106},[74,9130,2946],{"class":88},[74,9132,4412],{"class":92},[74,9134,2946],{"class":88},[74,9136,249],{"class":106},[74,9138,620],{"class":167},[74,9140,8905],{"class":106},[74,9142,9143,9145,9147,9149,9151,9153],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,9144,8821],{"class":80},[74,9146,85],{"class":84},[74,9148,8826],{"class":1345},[74,9150,107],{"class":106},[74,9152,8918],{"class":110},[74,9154,260],{"class":106},[74,9156,9157,9159,9161,9163],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,9158,103],{"class":102},[74,9160,107],{"class":106},[74,9162,8860],{"class":110},[74,9164,260],{"class":106},[20,9166,9167],{},[332,9168,157],{},[65,9170,9172],{"className":67,"code":9171,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,9173,9174],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,9175,9176,9178,9180,9182,9184,9186,9188,9190,9192,9194,9196,9198,9200],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,9177,8934],{"class":106},[74,9179,2946],{"class":88},[74,9181,125],{"class":92},[74,9183,2946],{"class":88},[74,9185,679],{"class":106},[74,9187,5148],{"class":167},[74,9189,249],{"class":106},[74,9191,2941],{"class":88},[74,9193,4412],{"class":92},[74,9195,2946],{"class":88},[74,9197,679],{"class":106},[74,9199,620],{"class":167},[74,9201,8965],{"class":106},[262,9203,9205],{"id":9204},"create-a-dictionary-from-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary from keyword arguments",[65,9207,9209],{"className":67,"code":9208,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9210,9211,9241],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,9212,9213,9215,9217,9219,9221,9223,9225,9227,9229,9231,9233,9235,9237,9239],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,9214,8821],{"class":80},[74,9216,85],{"class":84},[74,9218,8826],{"class":1345},[74,9220,107],{"class":106},[74,9222,7323],{"class":8831},[74,9224,85],{"class":84},[74,9226,2946],{"class":88},[74,9228,4655],{"class":92},[74,9230,2946],{"class":88},[74,9232,249],{"class":106},[74,9234,8844],{"class":8831},[74,9236,85],{"class":84},[74,9238,8849],{"class":167},[74,9240,260],{"class":106},[74,9242,9243,9245,9247,9249],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,9244,103],{"class":102},[74,9246,107],{"class":106},[74,9248,8860],{"class":110},[74,9250,260],{"class":106},[20,9252,9253],{},[332,9254,157],{},[65,9256,9258],{"className":67,"code":9257,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n",[15,9259,9260],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,9261,9262,9264,9266,9268,9270,9272,9274,9276,9278,9280,9282,9284,9286,9288,9290],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,9263,8934],{"class":106},[74,9265,2946],{"class":88},[74,9267,7323],{"class":92},[74,9269,2946],{"class":88},[74,9271,679],{"class":106},[74,9273,2941],{"class":88},[74,9275,4655],{"class":92},[74,9277,2946],{"class":88},[74,9279,249],{"class":106},[74,9281,2941],{"class":88},[74,9283,8955],{"class":92},[74,9285,2946],{"class":88},[74,9287,679],{"class":106},[74,9289,8962],{"class":167},[74,9291,8965],{"class":106},[262,9293,9295],{"id":9294},"combine-pairs-or-a-mapping-with-keyword-arguments","Combine pairs or a mapping with keyword arguments",[20,9297,9298],{},"You can also start with existing data and add more values:",[65,9300,9302],{"className":67,"code":9301,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"data = dict([('a', 1)], b=2, c=3)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9303,9304,9345],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,9305,9306,9308,9310,9312,9315,9317,9319,9321,9323,9325,9328,9330,9332,9334,9336,9339,9341,9343],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,9307,8821],{"class":80},[74,9309,85],{"class":84},[74,9311,8826],{"class":1345},[74,9313,9314],{"class":106},"([(",[74,9316,2946],{"class":88},[74,9318,125],{"class":92},[74,9320,2946],{"class":88},[74,9322,249],{"class":106},[74,9324,5148],{"class":167},[74,9326,9327],{"class":106},")],",[74,9329,2203],{"class":8831},[74,9331,85],{"class":84},[74,9333,687],{"class":167},[74,9335,249],{"class":106},[74,9337,9338],{"class":8831}," c",[74,9340,85],{"class":84},[74,9342,321],{"class":167},[74,9344,260],{"class":106},[74,9346,9347,9349,9351,9353],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,9348,103],{"class":102},[74,9350,107],{"class":106},[74,9352,8860],{"class":110},[74,9354,260],{"class":106},[20,9356,9357],{},[332,9358,157],{},[65,9360,9362],{"className":67,"code":9361,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}\n",[15,9363,9364],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,9365,9366,9368,9370,9372,9374,9376,9378,9380,9382,9384,9386,9388,9390,9392,9394,9397,9399,9401,9403],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,9367,8934],{"class":106},[74,9369,2946],{"class":88},[74,9371,125],{"class":92},[74,9373,2946],{"class":88},[74,9375,679],{"class":106},[74,9377,5148],{"class":167},[74,9379,249],{"class":106},[74,9381,2941],{"class":88},[74,9383,4412],{"class":92},[74,9385,2946],{"class":88},[74,9387,679],{"class":106},[74,9389,620],{"class":167},[74,9391,249],{"class":106},[74,9393,2941],{"class":88},[74,9395,9396],{"class":92},"c",[74,9398,2946],{"class":88},[74,9400,679],{"class":106},[74,9402,2094],{"class":167},[74,9404,8965],{"class":106},[60,9406,9059],{"id":9407},"create-an-empty-dictionary-1",[20,9409,176,9410,9412],{},[15,9411,8775],{}," when you want a clear function-style way to create an empty dictionary.",[65,9414,9416],{"className":67,"code":9415,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"data = dict()\nprint(type(data))\nprint(data)\n",[15,9417,9418,9428,9442],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,9419,9420,9422,9424,9426],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,9421,8821],{"class":80},[74,9423,85],{"class":84},[74,9425,8826],{"class":1345},[74,9427,8299],{"class":106},[74,9429,9430,9432,9434,9436,9438,9440],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,9431,103],{"class":102},[74,9433,107],{"class":106},[74,9435,1346],{"class":1345},[74,9437,107],{"class":106},[74,9439,8860],{"class":110},[74,9441,130],{"class":106},[74,9443,9444,9446,9448,9450],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,9445,103],{"class":102},[74,9447,107],{"class":106},[74,9449,8860],{"class":110},[74,9451,260],{"class":106},[20,9453,9454],{},[332,9455,157],{},[65,9457,9459],{"className":67,"code":9458,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n{}\n",[15,9460,9461,9475],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,9462,9463,9465,9467,9469,9471,9473],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,9464,2935],{"class":84},[74,9466,2938],{"class":1711},[74,9468,2941],{"class":88},[74,9470,8477],{"class":92},[74,9472,2946],{"class":88},[74,9474,2949],{"class":84},[74,9476,9477],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,9478,9091],{"class":106},[20,9480,9481],{},"This gives the same result as:",[65,9483,9485],{"className":67,"code":9484,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"data = {}\n",[15,9486,9487],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,9488,9489,9491,9493],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,9490,8821],{"class":80},[74,9492,85],{"class":84},[74,9494,9495],{"class":106}," {}\n",[20,9497,9498,9499,9501,9502,9505,9506,9508],{},"For empty dictionaries, ",[15,9500,3443],{}," is more common because it is shorter.",[9503,9504],"br",{},"\nStill, ",[15,9507,8775],{}," is useful to know because it can do more than just create an empty dictionary.",[60,9510,9512],{"id":9511},"create-a-dictionary-from-key-value-pairs","Create a dictionary from key-value pairs",[20,9514,9515,9516,114],{},"You can pass an iterable of 2-item pairs to ",[15,9517,8775],{},[65,9519,9521],{"className":67,"code":9520,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"pairs = [('name', 'Alice'), ('age', 25)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9522,9523,9561,9575],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,9524,9525,9527,9529,9531,9533,9535,9537,9539,9541,9543,9545,9547,9549,9551,9553,9555,9557,9559],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,9526,8871],{"class":80},[74,9528,85],{"class":84},[74,9530,8876],{"class":106},[74,9532,2946],{"class":88},[74,9534,7323],{"class":92},[74,9536,2946],{"class":88},[74,9538,249],{"class":106},[74,9540,2941],{"class":88},[74,9542,4655],{"class":92},[74,9544,2946],{"class":88},[74,9546,8889],{"class":106},[74,9548,8892],{"class":106},[74,9550,2946],{"class":88},[74,9552,8955],{"class":92},[74,9554,2946],{"class":88},[74,9556,249],{"class":106},[74,9558,8962],{"class":167},[74,9560,8905],{"class":106},[74,9562,9563,9565,9567,9569,9571,9573],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,9564,8821],{"class":80},[74,9566,85],{"class":84},[74,9568,8826],{"class":1345},[74,9570,107],{"class":106},[74,9572,8918],{"class":110},[74,9574,260],{"class":106},[74,9576,9577,9579,9581,9583],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,9578,103],{"class":102},[74,9580,107],{"class":106},[74,9582,8860],{"class":110},[74,9584,260],{"class":106},[20,9586,9587],{},[332,9588,157],{},[65,9590,9591],{"className":67,"code":9257,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,9592,9593],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,9594,9595,9597,9599,9601,9603,9605,9607,9609,9611,9613,9615,9617,9619,9621,9623],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,9596,8934],{"class":106},[74,9598,2946],{"class":88},[74,9600,7323],{"class":92},[74,9602,2946],{"class":88},[74,9604,679],{"class":106},[74,9606,2941],{"class":88},[74,9608,4655],{"class":92},[74,9610,2946],{"class":88},[74,9612,249],{"class":106},[74,9614,2941],{"class":88},[74,9616,8955],{"class":92},[74,9618,2946],{"class":88},[74,9620,679],{"class":106},[74,9622,8962],{"class":167},[74,9624,8965],{"class":106},[20,9626,9627],{},"Each pair becomes:",[30,9629,9630,9633],{},[33,9631,9632],{},"the first item as the key",[33,9634,9635],{},"the second item as the value",[20,9637,9638],{},"For example, this also works with tuples:",[65,9640,9642],{"className":67,"code":9641,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"pairs = (('a', 1), ('b', 2))\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9643,9644,9679,9693],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,9645,9646,9648,9650,9653,9655,9657,9659,9661,9663,9665,9667,9669,9671,9673,9675,9677],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,9647,8871],{"class":80},[74,9649,85],{"class":84},[74,9651,9652],{"class":106}," ((",[74,9654,2946],{"class":88},[74,9656,125],{"class":92},[74,9658,2946],{"class":88},[74,9660,249],{"class":106},[74,9662,5148],{"class":167},[74,9664,8889],{"class":106},[74,9666,8892],{"class":106},[74,9668,2946],{"class":88},[74,9670,4412],{"class":92},[74,9672,2946],{"class":88},[74,9674,249],{"class":106},[74,9676,620],{"class":167},[74,9678,130],{"class":106},[74,9680,9681,9683,9685,9687,9689,9691],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,9682,8821],{"class":80},[74,9684,85],{"class":84},[74,9686,8826],{"class":1345},[74,9688,107],{"class":106},[74,9690,8918],{"class":110},[74,9692,260],{"class":106},[74,9694,9695,9697,9699,9701],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,9696,103],{"class":102},[74,9698,107],{"class":106},[74,9700,8860],{"class":110},[74,9702,260],{"class":106},[20,9704,9705],{},[332,9706,157],{},[65,9708,9709],{"className":67,"code":9171,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,9710,9711],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,9712,9713,9715,9717,9719,9721,9723,9725,9727,9729,9731,9733,9735,9737],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,9714,8934],{"class":106},[74,9716,2946],{"class":88},[74,9718,125],{"class":92},[74,9720,2946],{"class":88},[74,9722,679],{"class":106},[74,9724,5148],{"class":167},[74,9726,249],{"class":106},[74,9728,2941],{"class":88},[74,9730,4412],{"class":92},[74,9732,2946],{"class":88},[74,9734,679],{"class":106},[74,9736,620],{"class":167},[74,9738,8965],{"class":106},[20,9740,9741,9742,114],{},"Each item must contain ",[332,9743,9744],{},"exactly two elements",[20,9746,2480],{},[65,9748,9750],{"className":67,"code":9749,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"bad_data = [('a', 1, 100), ('b', 2)]\nresult = dict(bad_data)\n",[15,9751,9752,9792],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,9753,9754,9757,9759,9761,9763,9765,9767,9769,9771,9773,9776,9778,9780,9782,9784,9786,9788,9790],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,9755,9756],{"class":80},"bad_data ",[74,9758,85],{"class":84},[74,9760,8876],{"class":106},[74,9762,2946],{"class":88},[74,9764,125],{"class":92},[74,9766,2946],{"class":88},[74,9768,249],{"class":106},[74,9770,5148],{"class":167},[74,9772,249],{"class":106},[74,9774,9775],{"class":167}," 100",[74,9777,8889],{"class":106},[74,9779,8892],{"class":106},[74,9781,2946],{"class":88},[74,9783,4412],{"class":92},[74,9785,2946],{"class":88},[74,9787,249],{"class":106},[74,9789,620],{"class":167},[74,9791,8905],{"class":106},[74,9793,9794,9796,9798,9800,9802,9805],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,9795,383],{"class":80},[74,9797,85],{"class":84},[74,9799,8826],{"class":1345},[74,9801,107],{"class":106},[74,9803,9804],{"class":110},"bad_data",[74,9806,260],{"class":106},[20,9808,9809,9810,9813],{},"Python raises an error because ",[15,9811,9812],{},"('a', 1, 100)"," has three values, not two.",[20,9815,9816],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the later value replaces the earlier one:",[65,9818,9820],{"className":67,"code":9819,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('a', 99), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9821,9822,9871,9885],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,9823,9824,9826,9828,9830,9832,9834,9836,9838,9840,9842,9844,9846,9848,9850,9852,9855,9857,9859,9861,9863,9865,9867,9869],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,9825,8871],{"class":80},[74,9827,85],{"class":84},[74,9829,8876],{"class":106},[74,9831,2946],{"class":88},[74,9833,125],{"class":92},[74,9835,2946],{"class":88},[74,9837,249],{"class":106},[74,9839,5148],{"class":167},[74,9841,8889],{"class":106},[74,9843,8892],{"class":106},[74,9845,2946],{"class":88},[74,9847,125],{"class":92},[74,9849,2946],{"class":88},[74,9851,249],{"class":106},[74,9853,9854],{"class":167}," 99",[74,9856,8889],{"class":106},[74,9858,8892],{"class":106},[74,9860,2946],{"class":88},[74,9862,4412],{"class":92},[74,9864,2946],{"class":88},[74,9866,249],{"class":106},[74,9868,620],{"class":167},[74,9870,8905],{"class":106},[74,9872,9873,9875,9877,9879,9881,9883],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,9874,8821],{"class":80},[74,9876,85],{"class":84},[74,9878,8826],{"class":1345},[74,9880,107],{"class":106},[74,9882,8918],{"class":110},[74,9884,260],{"class":106},[74,9886,9887,9889,9891,9893],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,9888,103],{"class":102},[74,9890,107],{"class":106},[74,9892,8860],{"class":110},[74,9894,260],{"class":106},[20,9896,9897],{},[332,9898,157],{},[65,9900,9902],{"className":67,"code":9901,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"{'a': 99, 'b': 2}\n",[15,9903,9904],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,9905,9906,9908,9910,9912,9914,9916,9918,9920,9922,9924,9926,9928,9930],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,9907,8934],{"class":106},[74,9909,2946],{"class":88},[74,9911,125],{"class":92},[74,9913,2946],{"class":88},[74,9915,679],{"class":106},[74,9917,9854],{"class":167},[74,9919,249],{"class":106},[74,9921,2941],{"class":88},[74,9923,4412],{"class":92},[74,9925,2946],{"class":88},[74,9927,679],{"class":106},[74,9929,620],{"class":167},[74,9931,8965],{"class":106},[60,9933,9935],{"id":9934},"create-a-dictionary-with-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary with keyword arguments",[20,9937,9938],{},"You can also build a dictionary using keyword arguments:",[65,9940,9941],{"className":67,"code":9208,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,9942,9943,9973],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,9944,9945,9947,9949,9951,9953,9955,9957,9959,9961,9963,9965,9967,9969,9971],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,9946,8821],{"class":80},[74,9948,85],{"class":84},[74,9950,8826],{"class":1345},[74,9952,107],{"class":106},[74,9954,7323],{"class":8831},[74,9956,85],{"class":84},[74,9958,2946],{"class":88},[74,9960,4655],{"class":92},[74,9962,2946],{"class":88},[74,9964,249],{"class":106},[74,9966,8844],{"class":8831},[74,9968,85],{"class":84},[74,9970,8849],{"class":167},[74,9972,260],{"class":106},[74,9974,9975,9977,9979,9981],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,9976,103],{"class":102},[74,9978,107],{"class":106},[74,9980,8860],{"class":110},[74,9982,260],{"class":106},[20,9984,9985],{},[332,9986,157],{},[65,9988,9989],{"className":67,"code":9257,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,9990,9991],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,9992,9993,9995,9997,9999,10001,10003,10005,10007,10009,10011,10013,10015,10017,10019,10021],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,9994,8934],{"class":106},[74,9996,2946],{"class":88},[74,9998,7323],{"class":92},[74,10000,2946],{"class":88},[74,10002,679],{"class":106},[74,10004,2941],{"class":88},[74,10006,4655],{"class":92},[74,10008,2946],{"class":88},[74,10010,249],{"class":106},[74,10012,2941],{"class":88},[74,10014,8955],{"class":92},[74,10016,2946],{"class":88},[74,10018,679],{"class":106},[74,10020,8962],{"class":167},[74,10022,8965],{"class":106},[20,10024,10025],{},"In this form:",[30,10027,10028,10036],{},[33,10029,10030,10032,10033],{},[15,10031,7323],{}," becomes the string key ",[15,10034,10035],{},"'name'",[33,10037,10038,10032,10040],{},[15,10039,8955],{},[15,10041,10042],{},"'age'",[20,10044,10045],{},"This only works when the key names are valid Python identifiers.",[20,10047,10048],{},"Valid examples:",[65,10050,10052],{"className":67,"code":10051,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"data = dict(city='Paris', country='France')\nprint(data)\n",[15,10053,10054,10092],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,10055,10056,10058,10060,10062,10064,10067,10069,10071,10074,10076,10078,10081,10083,10085,10088,10090],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,10057,8821],{"class":80},[74,10059,85],{"class":84},[74,10061,8826],{"class":1345},[74,10063,107],{"class":106},[74,10065,10066],{"class":8831},"city",[74,10068,85],{"class":84},[74,10070,2946],{"class":88},[74,10072,10073],{"class":92},"Paris",[74,10075,2946],{"class":88},[74,10077,249],{"class":106},[74,10079,10080],{"class":8831}," country",[74,10082,85],{"class":84},[74,10084,2946],{"class":88},[74,10086,10087],{"class":92},"France",[74,10089,2946],{"class":88},[74,10091,260],{"class":106},[74,10093,10094,10096,10098,10100],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,10095,103],{"class":102},[74,10097,107],{"class":106},[74,10099,8860],{"class":110},[74,10101,260],{"class":106},[20,10103,10104],{},"Invalid key names include ones with:",[30,10106,10107,10110,10113],{},[33,10108,10109],{},"spaces",[33,10111,10112],{},"hyphens",[33,10114,10115],{},"names that start with numbers",[20,10117,10118,10119,10122],{},"For example, this is ",[332,10120,10121],{},"not valid"," syntax:",[65,10124,10126],{"className":67,"code":10125,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"# dict(first-name='Sam')\n",[15,10127,10128],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,10129,10130],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,10131,10125],{"class":3314},[20,10133,10134],{},"If you need keys like that, use normal dictionary syntax instead:",[65,10136,10138],{"className":67,"code":10137,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,10139,10140,10183],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,10141,10142,10144,10146,10149,10151,10154,10156,10158,10160,10162,10164,10166,10168,10171,10173,10175,10177,10179,10181],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,10143,8821],{"class":80},[74,10145,85],{"class":84},[74,10147,10148],{"class":106}," {",[74,10150,2946],{"class":88},[74,10152,10153],{"class":92},"first-name",[74,10155,2946],{"class":88},[74,10157,679],{"class":106},[74,10159,2941],{"class":88},[74,10161,7332],{"class":92},[74,10163,2946],{"class":88},[74,10165,249],{"class":106},[74,10167,2941],{"class":88},[74,10169,10170],{"class":92},"first name",[74,10172,2946],{"class":88},[74,10174,679],{"class":106},[74,10176,2941],{"class":88},[74,10178,7332],{"class":92},[74,10180,2946],{"class":88},[74,10182,8965],{"class":106},[74,10184,10185,10187,10189,10191],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,10186,103],{"class":102},[74,10188,107],{"class":106},[74,10190,8860],{"class":110},[74,10192,260],{"class":106},[20,10194,10195],{},[332,10196,157],{},[65,10198,10200],{"className":67,"code":10199,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"{'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\n",[15,10201,10202],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,10203,10204,10206,10208,10210,10212,10214,10216,10218,10220,10222,10224,10226,10228,10230,10232,10234,10236],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,10205,8934],{"class":106},[74,10207,2946],{"class":88},[74,10209,10153],{"class":92},[74,10211,2946],{"class":88},[74,10213,679],{"class":106},[74,10215,2941],{"class":88},[74,10217,7332],{"class":92},[74,10219,2946],{"class":88},[74,10221,249],{"class":106},[74,10223,2941],{"class":88},[74,10225,10170],{"class":92},[74,10227,2946],{"class":88},[74,10229,679],{"class":106},[74,10231,2941],{"class":88},[74,10233,7332],{"class":92},[74,10235,2946],{"class":88},[74,10237,8965],{"class":106},[60,10239,10241,10243,10244],{"id":10240},"dict-vs",[15,10242,8775],{}," vs ",[15,10245,3443],{},[20,10247,10248,10249,51,10251,10253],{},"Both ",[15,10250,8775],{},[15,10252,3443],{}," create dictionaries, but they are used in slightly different situations.",[262,10255,176,10257,10259],{"id":10256},"use-when",[15,10258,3443],{}," when:",[30,10261,10262,10265],{},[33,10263,10264],{},"you want an empty dictionary",[33,10266,10267],{},"you want the shortest and most common syntax",[65,10269,10270],{"className":67,"code":9484,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,10271,10272],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,10273,10274,10276,10278],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,10275,8821],{"class":80},[74,10277,85],{"class":84},[74,10279,9495],{"class":106},[262,10281,176,10283,10259],{"id":10282},"use-dict-when",[15,10284,8775],{},[30,10286,10287,10290,10293],{},[33,10288,10289],{},"you want to convert existing key-value pairs into a dictionary",[33,10291,10292],{},"you want to use keyword arguments",[33,10294,10295],{},"the function form makes the code easier to read",[65,10297,10299],{"className":67,"code":10298,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"data = dict([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\ninfo = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\n",[15,10300,10301,10338],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,10302,10303,10305,10307,10309,10311,10313,10315,10317,10319,10321,10323,10325,10327,10329,10331,10333,10335],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,10304,8821],{"class":80},[74,10306,85],{"class":84},[74,10308,8826],{"class":1345},[74,10310,9314],{"class":106},[74,10312,2946],{"class":88},[74,10314,125],{"class":92},[74,10316,2946],{"class":88},[74,10318,249],{"class":106},[74,10320,5148],{"class":167},[74,10322,8889],{"class":106},[74,10324,8892],{"class":106},[74,10326,2946],{"class":88},[74,10328,4412],{"class":92},[74,10330,2946],{"class":88},[74,10332,249],{"class":106},[74,10334,620],{"class":167},[74,10336,10337],{"class":106},")])\n",[74,10339,10340,10343,10345,10347,10349,10351,10353,10355,10357,10359,10361,10363,10365,10367],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,10341,10342],{"class":80},"info ",[74,10344,85],{"class":84},[74,10346,8826],{"class":1345},[74,10348,107],{"class":106},[74,10350,7323],{"class":8831},[74,10352,85],{"class":84},[74,10354,2946],{"class":88},[74,10356,4655],{"class":92},[74,10358,2946],{"class":88},[74,10360,249],{"class":106},[74,10362,8844],{"class":8831},[74,10364,85],{"class":84},[74,10366,8849],{"class":167},[74,10368,260],{"class":106},[20,10370,10371],{},"So:",[30,10373,10374,10379],{},[33,10375,10376,10378],{},[15,10377,3443],{}," is shorter for an empty dictionary",[33,10380,10381,10383],{},[15,10382,8775],{}," is more flexible when building a dictionary from other data",[20,10385,10386,10387,10391,10392,114],{},"After creating a dictionary, you may want to ",[125,10388,10390],{"href":10389},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","add a key to a dictionary in Python"," or safely read values with the ",[125,10393,10395,10396,10399],{"href":10394},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method\u002F","Python dictionary ",[15,10397,10398],{},"get()"," method",[60,10401,10403],{"id":10402},"common-errors-and-limits","Common errors and limits",[20,10405,10406,10407,114],{},"Here are the most common problems beginners run into with ",[15,10408,8775],{},[262,10410,10412],{"id":10411},"passing-items-that-are-not-2-value-pairs","Passing items that are not 2-value pairs",[20,10414,4177],{},[65,10416,10418],{"className":67,"code":10417,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"items = ['a', 'b']\ndata = dict(items)\n",[15,10419,10420,10444],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,10421,10422,10424,10426,10428,10430,10432,10434,10436,10438,10440,10442],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,10423,7435],{"class":80},[74,10425,85],{"class":84},[74,10427,3271],{"class":106},[74,10429,2946],{"class":88},[74,10431,125],{"class":92},[74,10433,2946],{"class":88},[74,10435,249],{"class":106},[74,10437,2941],{"class":88},[74,10439,4412],{"class":92},[74,10441,2946],{"class":88},[74,10443,3284],{"class":106},[74,10445,10446,10448,10450,10452,10454,10456],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,10447,8821],{"class":80},[74,10449,85],{"class":84},[74,10451,8826],{"class":1345},[74,10453,107],{"class":106},[74,10455,7466],{"class":110},[74,10457,260],{"class":106},[20,10459,10460,10461,114],{},"This fails because each item must be a pair like ",[15,10462,10463],{},"('a', 1)",[20,10465,1080],{},[65,10467,10469],{"className":67,"code":10468,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"items = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(items)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10470,10471,10505,10519],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,10472,10473,10475,10477,10479,10481,10483,10485,10487,10489,10491,10493,10495,10497,10499,10501,10503],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,10474,7435],{"class":80},[74,10476,85],{"class":84},[74,10478,8876],{"class":106},[74,10480,2946],{"class":88},[74,10482,125],{"class":92},[74,10484,2946],{"class":88},[74,10486,249],{"class":106},[74,10488,5148],{"class":167},[74,10490,8889],{"class":106},[74,10492,8892],{"class":106},[74,10494,2946],{"class":88},[74,10496,4412],{"class":92},[74,10498,2946],{"class":88},[74,10500,249],{"class":106},[74,10502,620],{"class":167},[74,10504,8905],{"class":106},[74,10506,10507,10509,10511,10513,10515,10517],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,10508,8821],{"class":80},[74,10510,85],{"class":84},[74,10512,8826],{"class":1345},[74,10514,107],{"class":106},[74,10516,7466],{"class":110},[74,10518,260],{"class":106},[74,10520,10521,10523,10525,10527],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,10522,103],{"class":102},[74,10524,107],{"class":106},[74,10526,8860],{"class":110},[74,10528,260],{"class":106},[262,10530,10532],{"id":10531},"using-invalid-keyword-syntax","Using invalid keyword syntax",[20,10534,10535],{},"This is not valid Python syntax:",[65,10537,10539],{"className":67,"code":10538,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"# dict(name: 'Alice')\n",[15,10540,10541],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,10542,10543],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,10544,10538],{"class":3314},[20,10546,10547,10548,679],{},"Keyword arguments must use ",[15,10549,85],{},[65,10551,10553],{"className":67,"code":10552,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"data = dict(name='Alice')\nprint(data)\n",[15,10554,10555,10577],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,10556,10557,10559,10561,10563,10565,10567,10569,10571,10573,10575],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,10558,8821],{"class":80},[74,10560,85],{"class":84},[74,10562,8826],{"class":1345},[74,10564,107],{"class":106},[74,10566,7323],{"class":8831},[74,10568,85],{"class":84},[74,10570,2946],{"class":88},[74,10572,4655],{"class":92},[74,10574,2946],{"class":88},[74,10576,260],{"class":106},[74,10578,10579,10581,10583,10585],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,10580,103],{"class":102},[74,10582,107],{"class":106},[74,10584,8860],{"class":110},[74,10586,260],{"class":106},[262,10588,10590],{"id":10589},"using-key-names-that-are-not-valid-identifiers","Using key names that are not valid identifiers",[20,10592,10593],{},"This will not work:",[65,10595,10596],{"className":67,"code":10125,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,10597,10598],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,10599,10600],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,10601,10125],{"class":3314},[20,10603,10604],{},"Use standard dictionary syntax instead:",[65,10606,10608],{"className":67,"code":10607,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,10609,10610,10634],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,10611,10612,10614,10616,10618,10620,10622,10624,10626,10628,10630,10632],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,10613,8821],{"class":80},[74,10615,85],{"class":84},[74,10617,10148],{"class":106},[74,10619,2946],{"class":88},[74,10621,10153],{"class":92},[74,10623,2946],{"class":88},[74,10625,679],{"class":106},[74,10627,2941],{"class":88},[74,10629,7332],{"class":92},[74,10631,2946],{"class":88},[74,10633,8965],{"class":106},[74,10635,10636,10638,10640,10642],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,10637,103],{"class":102},[74,10639,107],{"class":106},[74,10641,8860],{"class":110},[74,10643,260],{"class":106},[262,10645,10647],{"id":10646},"expecting-duplicate-keys-to-be-kept","Expecting duplicate keys to be kept",[20,10649,10650],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins:",[65,10652,10654],{"className":67,"code":10653,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"data = dict([('x', 1), ('x', 2)])\nprint(data)\n",[15,10655,10656,10692],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,10657,10658,10660,10662,10664,10666,10668,10670,10672,10674,10676,10678,10680,10682,10684,10686,10688,10690],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,10659,8821],{"class":80},[74,10661,85],{"class":84},[74,10663,8826],{"class":1345},[74,10665,9314],{"class":106},[74,10667,2946],{"class":88},[74,10669,1816],{"class":92},[74,10671,2946],{"class":88},[74,10673,249],{"class":106},[74,10675,5148],{"class":167},[74,10677,8889],{"class":106},[74,10679,8892],{"class":106},[74,10681,2946],{"class":88},[74,10683,1816],{"class":92},[74,10685,2946],{"class":88},[74,10687,249],{"class":106},[74,10689,620],{"class":167},[74,10691,10337],{"class":106},[74,10693,10694,10696,10698,10700],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,10695,103],{"class":102},[74,10697,107],{"class":106},[74,10699,8860],{"class":110},[74,10701,260],{"class":106},[20,10703,10704],{},[332,10705,157],{},[65,10707,10709],{"className":67,"code":10708,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"{'x': 2}\n",[15,10710,10711],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,10712,10713,10715,10717,10719,10721,10723,10725],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,10714,8934],{"class":106},[74,10716,2946],{"class":88},[74,10718,1816],{"class":92},[74,10720,2946],{"class":88},[74,10722,679],{"class":106},[74,10724,620],{"class":167},[74,10726,8965],{"class":106},[20,10728,10729,10730,114],{},"If you are getting missing-key problems later, you may also run into ",[125,10731,10733],{"href":10732},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F","KeyError in Python",[60,10735,914],{"id":913},[20,10737,10738,10739,10741],{},"Common causes of problems with ",[15,10740,8775],{}," include:",[30,10743,10744,10754,10760,10763],{},[33,10745,10746,10747,10750,10751],{},"passing a list like ",[15,10748,10749],{},"['a', 'b']"," instead of ",[15,10752,10753],{},"[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]",[33,10755,10756,10757],{},"using invalid keyword-style keys such as ",[15,10758,10759],{},"dict(first-name='Sam')",[33,10761,10762],{},"expecting duplicate keys to be kept separately",[33,10764,10765,10766,10768],{},"confusing ",[15,10767,8775],{}," with the broader topic of dictionary creation in general",[20,10770,10771],{},"If something is not working, these quick checks can help:",[65,10773,10775],{"className":67,"code":10774,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(list_of_pairs)\nprint(len(list_of_pairs))\n",[15,10776,10777,10791,10801,10812],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,10778,10779,10781,10783,10785,10787,10789],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,10780,103],{"class":102},[74,10782,107],{"class":106},[74,10784,1346],{"class":1345},[74,10786,107],{"class":106},[74,10788,8860],{"class":110},[74,10790,130],{"class":106},[74,10792,10793,10795,10797,10799],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,10794,103],{"class":102},[74,10796,107],{"class":106},[74,10798,8860],{"class":110},[74,10800,260],{"class":106},[74,10802,10803,10805,10807,10810],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,10804,103],{"class":102},[74,10806,107],{"class":106},[74,10808,10809],{"class":110},"list_of_pairs",[74,10811,260],{"class":106},[74,10813,10814,10816,10818,10821,10823,10825],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,10815,103],{"class":102},[74,10817,107],{"class":106},[74,10819,10820],{"class":102},"len",[74,10822,107],{"class":106},[74,10824,10809],{"class":110},[74,10826,130],{"class":106},[20,10828,10829],{},"These checks help you confirm:",[30,10831,10832,10835,10838],{},[33,10833,10834],{},"whether your result is really a dictionary",[33,10836,10837],{},"what data is being passed in",[33,10839,10840],{},"whether your list of pairs has the expected structure",[60,10842,1471],{"id":1470},[262,10844,4828,10846,51,10848,2135],{"id":10845},"what-is-the-difference-between-dict-and",[15,10847,8775],{},[15,10849,3443],{},[20,10851,10852,10854,10855,10857],{},[15,10853,3443],{}," is the short literal form. ",[15,10856,8775],{}," is a function that can also convert pairs or use keyword arguments.",[262,10859,1507,10861,10863],{"id":10860},"can-dict-create-a-dictionary-from-a-list",[15,10862,8775],{}," create a dictionary from a list?",[20,10865,10866,10867,114],{},"Yes, if the list contains 2-item pairs such as ",[15,10868,10753],{},[262,10870,4808,10872,10875],{"id":10871},"why-does-dictnamealice-use-string-keys",[15,10873,10874],{},"dict(name='Alice')"," use string keys?",[20,10877,10878],{},"In keyword form, Python turns the keyword names into string keys automatically.",[262,10880,10882,10883,10885],{"id":10881},"can-i-use-spaces-in-keys-with-dict-keyword-arguments","Can I use spaces in keys with ",[15,10884,8775],{}," keyword arguments?",[20,10887,10888,10889,10892],{},"No. For keys with spaces or other invalid identifier characters, use ",[15,10890,10891],{},"{'first name': 'Alice'}"," or pass pairs.",[60,10894,1527],{"id":1526},[30,10896,10897,10902,10906,10911,10917],{},[33,10898,10899],{},[125,10900,10901],{"href":9047},"Creating a dictionary in Python",[33,10903,10904],{},[125,10905,8811],{"href":8810},[33,10907,10908],{},[125,10909,10910],{"href":10389},"How to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[33,10912,10913],{},[125,10914,10395,10915,10399],{"href":10394},[15,10916,10398],{},[33,10918,10919],{},[125,10920,10921],{"href":10732},"KeyError in Python: causes and fixes",[1566,10923,10924],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":70,"searchDepth":99,"depth":99,"links":10926},[10927,10929,10935,10936,10937,10938,10945,10951,10952,10962],{"id":9001,"depth":99,"text":10928},"What dict() does",{"id":226,"depth":99,"text":227,"children":10930},[10931,10932,10933,10934],{"id":9058,"depth":133,"text":9059},{"id":9100,"depth":133,"text":9101},{"id":9204,"depth":133,"text":9205},{"id":9294,"depth":133,"text":9295},{"id":9407,"depth":99,"text":9059},{"id":9511,"depth":99,"text":9512},{"id":9934,"depth":99,"text":9935},{"id":10240,"depth":99,"text":10939,"children":10940},"dict() vs {}",[10941,10943],{"id":10256,"depth":133,"text":10942},"Use {} when:",{"id":10282,"depth":133,"text":10944},"Use dict() when:",{"id":10402,"depth":99,"text":10403,"children":10946},[10947,10948,10949,10950],{"id":10411,"depth":133,"text":10412},{"id":10531,"depth":133,"text":10532},{"id":10589,"depth":133,"text":10590},{"id":10646,"depth":133,"text":10647},{"id":913,"depth":99,"text":914},{"id":1470,"depth":99,"text":1471,"children":10953},[10954,10956,10958,10960],{"id":10845,"depth":133,"text":10955},"What is the difference between dict() and {}?",{"id":10860,"depth":133,"text":10957},"Can dict() create a dictionary from a list?",{"id":10871,"depth":133,"text":10959},"Why does dict(name='Alice') use string keys?",{"id":10881,"depth":133,"text":10961},"Can I use spaces in keys with dict() keyword arguments?",{"id":1526,"depth":99,"text":1527},"Master python dict function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained",{"title":8767,"description":10963},"reference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained","pnY0ft_AcouoxXnqOTEjZDN1f3GnmsuukIHgiulbVfc",{"id":10970,"title":10971,"body":10972,"description":12480,"extension":1610,"meta":12481,"navigation":407,"path":12482,"seo":12483,"stem":12484,"__hash__":12485},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method.md","Python Dictionary clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":10973,"toc":12449},[10974,10981,10987,10994,10996,11057,11062,11067,11072,11090,11093,11097,11099,11115,11118,11131,11133,11136,11270,11272,11339,11342,11358,11364,11370,11373,11455,11457,11471,11475,11481,11546,11548,11556,11559,11582,11588,11651,11657,11660,11674,11687,11691,11702,11707,11718,11725,11729,11735,11857,11859,11885,11888,11905,11908,12019,12021,12070,12072,12085,12094,12099,12104,12115,12117,12220,12243,12245,12249,12268,12271,12329,12332,12358,12360,12366,12369,12375,12379,12386,12394,12400,12403,12405,12446],[10,10975,10977,10978,18],{"id":10976},"python-dictionary-clear-method","Python Dictionary ",[15,10979,10980],{},"clear()",[20,10982,10983,10986],{},[15,10984,10985],{},"dict.clear()"," removes all items from a dictionary.",[20,10988,10989,10990,10993],{},"Use it when you want to empty a dictionary without replacing the variable with a new dictionary. This method changes the original dictionary ",[332,10991,10992],{},"in place",", which means the same dictionary object is kept, but all key-value pairs are removed.",[60,10995,63],{"id":62},[65,10997,10999],{"className":67,"code":10998,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata.clear()\nprint(data)  # {}\n",[15,11000,11001,11033,11044],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,11002,11003,11005,11007,11009,11011,11013,11015,11017,11019,11021,11023,11025,11027,11029,11031],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,11004,8821],{"class":80},[74,11006,85],{"class":84},[74,11008,10148],{"class":106},[74,11010,122],{"class":88},[74,11012,125],{"class":92},[74,11014,122],{"class":88},[74,11016,679],{"class":106},[74,11018,5148],{"class":167},[74,11020,249],{"class":106},[74,11022,89],{"class":88},[74,11024,4412],{"class":92},[74,11026,122],{"class":88},[74,11028,679],{"class":106},[74,11030,620],{"class":167},[74,11032,8965],{"class":106},[74,11034,11035,11037,11039,11042],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,11036,8860],{"class":80},[74,11038,114],{"class":106},[74,11040,11041],{"class":110},"clear",[74,11043,8299],{"class":106},[74,11045,11046,11048,11050,11052,11054],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,11047,103],{"class":102},[74,11049,107],{"class":106},[74,11051,8860],{"class":110},[74,11053,3311],{"class":106},[74,11055,11056],{"class":3314},"  # {}\n",[20,11058,11059,11061],{},[15,11060,10980],{}," removes all items from the same dictionary object.",[60,11063,3328,11065,38],{"id":11064},"what-clear-does",[15,11066,10980],{},[20,11068,1627,11069,11071],{},[15,11070,10980],{}," method:",[30,11073,11074,11077,11080,11085],{},[33,11075,11076],{},"Removes all key-value pairs from a dictionary",[33,11078,11079],{},"Changes the original dictionary in place",[33,11081,11082,11083],{},"Returns ",[15,11084,3429],{},[33,11086,11087,11088],{},"Leaves you with an empty dictionary: ",[15,11089,3443],{},[20,11091,11092],{},"This is one of the standard ways to remove dictionary contents without deleting the variable itself.",[20,11094,8807,11095,114],{},[125,11096,8811],{"href":8810},[60,11098,227],{"id":226},[65,11100,11102],{"className":67,"code":11101,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"my_dict.clear()\n",[15,11103,11104],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,11105,11106,11109,11111,11113],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,11107,11108],{"class":80},"my_dict",[74,11110,114],{"class":106},[74,11112,11041],{"class":110},[74,11114,8299],{"class":106},[20,11116,11117],{},"Important points:",[30,11119,11120,11125,11128],{},[33,11121,11122,11124],{},[15,11123,10980],{}," takes no arguments",[33,11126,11127],{},"You call it on a dictionary object",[33,11129,11130],{},"It empties that dictionary",[60,11132,357],{"id":356},[20,11134,11135],{},"Here is a basic example:",[65,11137,11139],{"className":67,"code":11138,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"user = {\n    \"name\": \"Maya\",\n    \"age\": 25,\n    \"city\": \"Berlin\"\n}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", user)\n\nuser.clear()\n\nprint(\"After:\", user)\n",[15,11140,11141,11151,11172,11186,11203,11207,11211,11231,11235,11246,11250],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,11142,11143,11146,11148],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,11144,11145],{"class":80},"user ",[74,11147,85],{"class":84},[74,11149,11150],{"class":106}," {\n",[74,11152,11153,11156,11158,11160,11162,11164,11167,11169],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,11154,11155],{"class":88},"    \"",[74,11157,7323],{"class":92},[74,11159,122],{"class":88},[74,11161,679],{"class":106},[74,11163,89],{"class":88},[74,11165,11166],{"class":92},"Maya",[74,11168,122],{"class":88},[74,11170,11171],{"class":106},",\n",[74,11173,11174,11176,11178,11180,11182,11184],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,11175,11155],{"class":88},[74,11177,8955],{"class":92},[74,11179,122],{"class":88},[74,11181,679],{"class":106},[74,11183,8962],{"class":167},[74,11185,11171],{"class":106},[74,11187,11188,11190,11192,11194,11196,11198,11201],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,11189,11155],{"class":88},[74,11191,10066],{"class":92},[74,11193,122],{"class":88},[74,11195,679],{"class":106},[74,11197,89],{"class":88},[74,11199,11200],{"class":92},"Berlin",[74,11202,96],{"class":88},[74,11204,11205],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,11206,8965],{"class":106},[74,11208,11209],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,11210,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,11212,11213,11215,11217,11219,11222,11224,11226,11229],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,11214,103],{"class":102},[74,11216,107],{"class":106},[74,11218,122],{"class":88},[74,11220,11221],{"class":92},"Before:",[74,11223,122],{"class":88},[74,11225,249],{"class":106},[74,11227,11228],{"class":110}," user",[74,11230,260],{"class":106},[74,11232,11233],{"class":76,"line":6079},[74,11234,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,11236,11237,11240,11242,11244],{"class":76,"line":6085},[74,11238,11239],{"class":80},"user",[74,11241,114],{"class":106},[74,11243,11041],{"class":110},[74,11245,8299],{"class":106},[74,11247,11248],{"class":76,"line":6090},[74,11249,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,11251,11253,11255,11257,11259,11262,11264,11266,11268],{"class":76,"line":11252},11,[74,11254,103],{"class":102},[74,11256,107],{"class":106},[74,11258,122],{"class":88},[74,11260,11261],{"class":92},"After:",[74,11263,122],{"class":88},[74,11265,249],{"class":106},[74,11267,11228],{"class":110},[74,11269,260],{"class":106},[20,11271,5210],{},[65,11273,11275],{"className":67,"code":11274,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"Before: {'name': 'Maya', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Berlin'}\nAfter: {}\n",[15,11276,11277,11330],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,11278,11279,11282,11284,11286,11288,11290,11292,11294,11296,11298,11300,11302,11304,11306,11308,11310,11312,11314,11316,11318,11320,11322,11324,11326,11328],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,11280,11281],{"class":80},"Before",[74,11283,679],{"class":106},[74,11285,10148],{"class":106},[74,11287,2946],{"class":88},[74,11289,7323],{"class":92},[74,11291,2946],{"class":88},[74,11293,679],{"class":106},[74,11295,2941],{"class":88},[74,11297,11166],{"class":92},[74,11299,2946],{"class":88},[74,11301,249],{"class":106},[74,11303,2941],{"class":88},[74,11305,8955],{"class":92},[74,11307,2946],{"class":88},[74,11309,679],{"class":106},[74,11311,8962],{"class":167},[74,11313,249],{"class":106},[74,11315,2941],{"class":88},[74,11317,10066],{"class":92},[74,11319,2946],{"class":88},[74,11321,679],{"class":106},[74,11323,2941],{"class":88},[74,11325,11200],{"class":92},[74,11327,2946],{"class":88},[74,11329,8965],{"class":106},[74,11331,11332,11335,11337],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,11333,11334],{"class":80},"After",[74,11336,679],{"class":106},[74,11338,9495],{"class":106},[20,11340,11341],{},"What happens here:",[30,11343,11344,11349,11355],{},[33,11345,11346,11348],{},[15,11347,11239],{}," starts with three items",[33,11350,11351,11354],{},[15,11352,11353],{},"user.clear()"," removes them all",[33,11356,11357],{},"The dictionary still exists, but it is now empty",[60,11359,3328,11361,11363],{"id":11360},"what-clear-returns",[15,11362,10980],{}," returns",[20,11365,11366,2039,11368,114],{},[15,11367,10980],{},[15,11369,3429],{},[20,11371,11372],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake:",[65,11374,11376],{"className":67,"code":11375,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nresult = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,11377,11378,11412,11416,11431,11435,11445],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,11379,11380,11383,11385,11387,11389,11391,11393,11395,11397,11399,11401,11404,11406,11408,11410],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,11381,11382],{"class":80},"my_dict ",[74,11384,85],{"class":84},[74,11386,10148],{"class":106},[74,11388,122],{"class":88},[74,11390,1816],{"class":92},[74,11392,122],{"class":88},[74,11394,679],{"class":106},[74,11396,5148],{"class":167},[74,11398,249],{"class":106},[74,11400,89],{"class":88},[74,11402,11403],{"class":92},"y",[74,11405,122],{"class":88},[74,11407,679],{"class":106},[74,11409,620],{"class":167},[74,11411,8965],{"class":106},[74,11413,11414],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,11415,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,11417,11418,11420,11422,11425,11427,11429],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,11419,383],{"class":80},[74,11421,85],{"class":84},[74,11423,11424],{"class":80}," my_dict",[74,11426,114],{"class":106},[74,11428,11041],{"class":110},[74,11430,8299],{"class":106},[74,11432,11433],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,11434,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,11436,11437,11439,11441,11443],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,11438,103],{"class":102},[74,11440,107],{"class":106},[74,11442,418],{"class":110},[74,11444,260],{"class":106},[74,11446,11447,11449,11451,11453],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,11448,103],{"class":102},[74,11450,107],{"class":106},[74,11452,11108],{"class":110},[74,11454,260],{"class":106},[20,11456,157],{},[65,11458,11460],{"className":67,"code":11459,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"None\n{}\n",[15,11461,11462,11467],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,11463,11464],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,11465,11466],{"class":3504},"None\n",[74,11468,11469],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,11470,9091],{"class":106},[262,11472,11474],{"id":11473},"common-mistake","Common mistake",[20,11476,11477,11478,11480],{},"Do ",[332,11479,334],{}," do this:",[65,11482,11484],{"className":67,"code":11483,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,11485,11486,11518,11532,11536],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,11487,11488,11490,11492,11494,11496,11498,11500,11502,11504,11506,11508,11510,11512,11514,11516],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,11489,11382],{"class":80},[74,11491,85],{"class":84},[74,11493,10148],{"class":106},[74,11495,122],{"class":88},[74,11497,1816],{"class":92},[74,11499,122],{"class":88},[74,11501,679],{"class":106},[74,11503,5148],{"class":167},[74,11505,249],{"class":106},[74,11507,89],{"class":88},[74,11509,11403],{"class":92},[74,11511,122],{"class":88},[74,11513,679],{"class":106},[74,11515,620],{"class":167},[74,11517,8965],{"class":106},[74,11519,11520,11522,11524,11526,11528,11530],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,11521,11382],{"class":80},[74,11523,85],{"class":84},[74,11525,11424],{"class":80},[74,11527,114],{"class":106},[74,11529,11041],{"class":110},[74,11531,8299],{"class":106},[74,11533,11534],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,11535,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,11537,11538,11540,11542,11544],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,11539,103],{"class":102},[74,11541,107],{"class":106},[74,11543,11108],{"class":110},[74,11545,260],{"class":106},[20,11547,157],{},[65,11549,11550],{"className":67,"code":11466,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,11551,11552],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,11553,11554],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,11555,11466],{"class":3504},[20,11557,11558],{},"Why this happens:",[30,11560,11561,11567,11572],{},[33,11562,11563,11566],{},[15,11564,11565],{},"my_dict.clear()"," empties the dictionary",[33,11568,11569,11570],{},"The method returns ",[15,11571,3429],{},[33,11573,11574,11575,11578,11579,11581],{},"Then ",[15,11576,11577],{},"my_dict = ..."," stores ",[15,11580,3429],{}," in the variable",[20,11583,11584,11585,11587],{},"If you want to keep using the dictionary, just call ",[15,11586,10980],{}," by itself:",[65,11589,11591],{"className":67,"code":11590,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)  # {}\n",[15,11592,11593,11625,11635,11639],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,11594,11595,11597,11599,11601,11603,11605,11607,11609,11611,11613,11615,11617,11619,11621,11623],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,11596,11382],{"class":80},[74,11598,85],{"class":84},[74,11600,10148],{"class":106},[74,11602,122],{"class":88},[74,11604,1816],{"class":92},[74,11606,122],{"class":88},[74,11608,679],{"class":106},[74,11610,5148],{"class":167},[74,11612,249],{"class":106},[74,11614,89],{"class":88},[74,11616,11403],{"class":92},[74,11618,122],{"class":88},[74,11620,679],{"class":106},[74,11622,620],{"class":167},[74,11624,8965],{"class":106},[74,11626,11627,11629,11631,11633],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,11628,11108],{"class":80},[74,11630,114],{"class":106},[74,11632,11041],{"class":110},[74,11634,8299],{"class":106},[74,11636,11637],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,11638,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,11640,11641,11643,11645,11647,11649],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,11642,103],{"class":102},[74,11644,107],{"class":106},[74,11646,11108],{"class":110},[74,11648,3311],{"class":106},[74,11650,11056],{"class":3314},[60,11652,11654,11656],{"id":11653},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-dictionary",[15,11655,10980],{}," vs creating a new empty dictionary",[20,11658,11659],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they do different things:",[65,11661,11662],{"className":67,"code":11101,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,11663,11664],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,11665,11666,11668,11670,11672],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,11667,11108],{"class":80},[74,11669,114],{"class":106},[74,11671,11041],{"class":110},[74,11673,8299],{"class":106},[65,11675,11677],{"className":67,"code":11676,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"my_dict = {}\n",[15,11678,11679],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,11680,11681,11683,11685],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,11682,11382],{"class":80},[74,11684,85],{"class":84},[74,11686,9495],{"class":106},[262,11688,11689],{"id":11041},[15,11690,10980],{},[30,11692,11693,11696,11699],{},[33,11694,11695],{},"Empties the existing dictionary object",[33,11697,11698],{},"Keeps the same object in memory",[33,11700,11701],{},"Affects all variables that refer to that same dictionary",[262,11703,11704],{"id":11108},[15,11705,11706],{},"my_dict = {}",[30,11708,11709,11712,11715],{},[33,11710,11711],{},"Creates a new empty dictionary object",[33,11713,11714],{},"Reassigns the variable to that new object",[33,11716,11717],{},"Other variables pointing to the old dictionary are unchanged",[20,11719,11720,11721,114],{},"This difference matters when you are working with shared references. It is also related to ",[125,11722,11724],{"href":11723},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types\u002F","mutable vs immutable types in Python",[60,11726,11728],{"id":11727},"shared-reference-example","Shared reference example",[20,11730,11731,11732,11734],{},"If two variables point to the same dictionary, ",[15,11733,10980],{}," affects both because both names refer to the same object.",[65,11736,11738],{"className":67,"code":11737,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal.clear()\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,11739,11740,11773,11783,11787,11798,11802,11822,11842],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,11741,11742,11745,11747,11749,11751,11753,11755,11757,11759,11761,11763,11765,11767,11769,11771],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,11743,11744],{"class":80},"original ",[74,11746,85],{"class":84},[74,11748,10148],{"class":106},[74,11750,122],{"class":88},[74,11752,125],{"class":92},[74,11754,122],{"class":88},[74,11756,679],{"class":106},[74,11758,5148],{"class":167},[74,11760,249],{"class":106},[74,11762,89],{"class":88},[74,11764,4412],{"class":92},[74,11766,122],{"class":88},[74,11768,679],{"class":106},[74,11770,620],{"class":167},[74,11772,8965],{"class":106},[74,11774,11775,11778,11780],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,11776,11777],{"class":80},"other_ref ",[74,11779,85],{"class":84},[74,11781,11782],{"class":80}," original\n",[74,11784,11785],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,11786,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,11788,11789,11792,11794,11796],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,11790,11791],{"class":80},"original",[74,11793,114],{"class":106},[74,11795,11041],{"class":110},[74,11797,8299],{"class":106},[74,11799,11800],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,11801,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,11803,11804,11806,11808,11810,11813,11815,11817,11820],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,11805,103],{"class":102},[74,11807,107],{"class":106},[74,11809,122],{"class":88},[74,11811,11812],{"class":92},"original:",[74,11814,122],{"class":88},[74,11816,249],{"class":106},[74,11818,11819],{"class":110}," original",[74,11821,260],{"class":106},[74,11823,11824,11826,11828,11830,11833,11835,11837,11840],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,11825,103],{"class":102},[74,11827,107],{"class":106},[74,11829,122],{"class":88},[74,11831,11832],{"class":92},"other_ref:",[74,11834,122],{"class":88},[74,11836,249],{"class":106},[74,11838,11839],{"class":110}," other_ref",[74,11841,260],{"class":106},[74,11843,11844,11846,11848,11850,11853,11855],{"class":76,"line":6079},[74,11845,103],{"class":102},[74,11847,107],{"class":106},[74,11849,11744],{"class":110},[74,11851,11852],{"class":3529},"is",[74,11854,11839],{"class":110},[74,11856,260],{"class":106},[20,11858,157],{},[65,11860,11862],{"className":67,"code":11861,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"original: {}\nother_ref: {}\nTrue\n",[15,11863,11864,11872,11881],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,11865,11866,11868,11870],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,11867,11791],{"class":80},[74,11869,679],{"class":106},[74,11871,9495],{"class":106},[74,11873,11874,11877,11879],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,11875,11876],{"class":80},"other_ref",[74,11878,679],{"class":106},[74,11880,9495],{"class":106},[74,11882,11883],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,11884,3631],{"class":3504},[20,11886,11887],{},"This shows:",[30,11889,11890,11897,11902],{},[33,11891,11892,51,11894,11896],{},[15,11893,11791],{},[15,11895,11876],{}," refer to the same dictionary",[33,11898,11899,11901],{},[15,11900,10980],{}," changes that dictionary in place",[33,11903,11904],{},"Both variables now show an empty dictionary",[20,11906,11907],{},"Now compare that with reassignment:",[65,11909,11911],{"className":67,"code":11910,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal = {}\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,11912,11913,11945,11953,11957,11965,11969,11987,12005],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,11914,11915,11917,11919,11921,11923,11925,11927,11929,11931,11933,11935,11937,11939,11941,11943],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,11916,11744],{"class":80},[74,11918,85],{"class":84},[74,11920,10148],{"class":106},[74,11922,122],{"class":88},[74,11924,125],{"class":92},[74,11926,122],{"class":88},[74,11928,679],{"class":106},[74,11930,5148],{"class":167},[74,11932,249],{"class":106},[74,11934,89],{"class":88},[74,11936,4412],{"class":92},[74,11938,122],{"class":88},[74,11940,679],{"class":106},[74,11942,620],{"class":167},[74,11944,8965],{"class":106},[74,11946,11947,11949,11951],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,11948,11777],{"class":80},[74,11950,85],{"class":84},[74,11952,11782],{"class":80},[74,11954,11955],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,11956,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,11958,11959,11961,11963],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,11960,11744],{"class":80},[74,11962,85],{"class":84},[74,11964,9495],{"class":106},[74,11966,11967],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,11968,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,11970,11971,11973,11975,11977,11979,11981,11983,11985],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,11972,103],{"class":102},[74,11974,107],{"class":106},[74,11976,122],{"class":88},[74,11978,11812],{"class":92},[74,11980,122],{"class":88},[74,11982,249],{"class":106},[74,11984,11819],{"class":110},[74,11986,260],{"class":106},[74,11988,11989,11991,11993,11995,11997,11999,12001,12003],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,11990,103],{"class":102},[74,11992,107],{"class":106},[74,11994,122],{"class":88},[74,11996,11832],{"class":92},[74,11998,122],{"class":88},[74,12000,249],{"class":106},[74,12002,11839],{"class":110},[74,12004,260],{"class":106},[74,12006,12007,12009,12011,12013,12015,12017],{"class":76,"line":6079},[74,12008,103],{"class":102},[74,12010,107],{"class":106},[74,12012,11744],{"class":110},[74,12014,11852],{"class":3529},[74,12016,11839],{"class":110},[74,12018,260],{"class":106},[20,12020,157],{},[65,12022,12024],{"className":67,"code":12023,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"original: {}\nother_ref: {'a': 1, 'b': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,12025,12026,12034,12066],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,12027,12028,12030,12032],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,12029,11791],{"class":80},[74,12031,679],{"class":106},[74,12033,9495],{"class":106},[74,12035,12036,12038,12040,12042,12044,12046,12048,12050,12052,12054,12056,12058,12060,12062,12064],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,12037,11876],{"class":80},[74,12039,679],{"class":106},[74,12041,10148],{"class":106},[74,12043,2946],{"class":88},[74,12045,125],{"class":92},[74,12047,2946],{"class":88},[74,12049,679],{"class":106},[74,12051,5148],{"class":167},[74,12053,249],{"class":106},[74,12055,2941],{"class":88},[74,12057,4412],{"class":92},[74,12059,2946],{"class":88},[74,12061,679],{"class":106},[74,12063,620],{"class":167},[74,12065,8965],{"class":106},[74,12067,12068],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,12069,3692],{"class":3504},[20,12071,1821],{},[30,12073,12074,12080],{},[33,12075,12076,12079],{},[15,12077,12078],{},"original = {}"," creates a new dictionary",[33,12081,12082,12084],{},[15,12083,11876],{}," still points to the old one",[20,12086,12087,12088,114],{},"If you want to make a separate dictionary before changing it, see ",[125,12089,12091],{"href":12090},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method\u002F",[15,12092,12093],{},"dict.copy()",[60,12095,1260,12097],{"id":12096},"when-to-use-clear",[15,12098,10980],{},[20,12100,12101,12103],{},[15,12102,10980],{}," is useful when you want to:",[30,12105,12106,12109,12112],{},[33,12107,12108],{},"Reset stored data before reusing a dictionary",[33,12110,12111],{},"Empty a cache or temporary mapping",[33,12113,12114],{},"Remove all items without deleting the variable",[20,12116,506],{},[65,12118,12120],{"className":67,"code":12119,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"session_data = {\n    \"user_id\": 101,\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\n# Reset for a new session\nsession_data.clear()\n\nprint(session_data)  # {}\n",[15,12121,12122,12131,12147,12167,12180,12184,12188,12193,12204,12208],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,12123,12124,12127,12129],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,12125,12126],{"class":80},"session_data ",[74,12128,85],{"class":84},[74,12130,11150],{"class":106},[74,12132,12133,12135,12138,12140,12142,12145],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,12134,11155],{"class":88},[74,12136,12137],{"class":92},"user_id",[74,12139,122],{"class":88},[74,12141,679],{"class":106},[74,12143,12144],{"class":167}," 101",[74,12146,11171],{"class":106},[74,12148,12149,12151,12154,12156,12158,12160,12163,12165],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,12150,11155],{"class":88},[74,12152,12153],{"class":92},"theme",[74,12155,122],{"class":88},[74,12157,679],{"class":106},[74,12159,89],{"class":88},[74,12161,12162],{"class":92},"dark",[74,12164,122],{"class":88},[74,12166,11171],{"class":106},[74,12168,12169,12171,12174,12176,12178],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,12170,11155],{"class":88},[74,12172,12173],{"class":92},"logged_in",[74,12175,122],{"class":88},[74,12177,679],{"class":106},[74,12179,6076],{"class":3504},[74,12181,12182],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,12183,8965],{"class":106},[74,12185,12186],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,12187,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,12189,12190],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,12191,12192],{"class":3314},"# Reset for a new session\n",[74,12194,12195,12198,12200,12202],{"class":76,"line":6079},[74,12196,12197],{"class":80},"session_data",[74,12199,114],{"class":106},[74,12201,11041],{"class":110},[74,12203,8299],{"class":106},[74,12205,12206],{"class":76,"line":6085},[74,12207,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,12209,12210,12212,12214,12216,12218],{"class":76,"line":6090},[74,12211,103],{"class":102},[74,12213,107],{"class":106},[74,12215,12197],{"class":110},[74,12217,3311],{"class":106},[74,12219,11056],{"class":3314},[20,12221,12222,12223,12229,12230,114,12234,12236,12237,114],{},"If you only want to remove one item, use a more specific method like ",[125,12224,12226],{"href":12225},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method\u002F",[15,12227,12228],{},"dict.pop()"," or read ",[125,12231,12233],{"href":12232},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-a-key-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[9503,12235],{},"\nIf you want to remove the last inserted item, see ",[125,12238,12240],{"href":12239},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method\u002F",[15,12241,12242],{},"dict.popitem()",[60,12244,914],{"id":913},[20,12246,10406,12247,679],{},[15,12248,10980],{},[30,12250,12251,12257,12262,12265],{},[33,12252,12253,12254,12256],{},"Assigning the result of ",[15,12255,10980],{}," to a variable",[33,12258,923,12259,12261],{},[15,12260,10980],{}," to return a new dictionary",[33,12263,12264],{},"Not realizing the dictionary is changed in place",[33,12266,12267],{},"Clearing a dictionary that is shared by another variable",[20,12269,12270],{},"If something looks wrong, these quick checks can help:",[65,12272,12274],{"className":67,"code":12273,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(id(my_dict))\nprint(other_ref is my_dict)\n",[15,12275,12276,12286,12300,12315],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,12277,12278,12280,12282,12284],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,12279,103],{"class":102},[74,12281,107],{"class":106},[74,12283,11108],{"class":110},[74,12285,260],{"class":106},[74,12287,12288,12290,12292,12294,12296,12298],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,12289,103],{"class":102},[74,12291,107],{"class":106},[74,12293,1346],{"class":1345},[74,12295,107],{"class":106},[74,12297,11108],{"class":110},[74,12299,130],{"class":106},[74,12301,12302,12304,12306,12309,12311,12313],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,12303,103],{"class":102},[74,12305,107],{"class":106},[74,12307,12308],{"class":102},"id",[74,12310,107],{"class":106},[74,12312,11108],{"class":110},[74,12314,130],{"class":106},[74,12316,12317,12319,12321,12323,12325,12327],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,12318,103],{"class":102},[74,12320,107],{"class":106},[74,12322,11777],{"class":110},[74,12324,11852],{"class":3529},[74,12326,11424],{"class":110},[74,12328,260],{"class":106},[20,12330,12331],{},"What these show:",[30,12333,12334,12340,12346,12352],{},[33,12335,12336,12339],{},[15,12337,12338],{},"print(my_dict)"," shows the current contents",[33,12341,12342,12345],{},[15,12343,12344],{},"print(type(my_dict))"," confirms it is still a dictionary",[33,12347,12348,12351],{},[15,12349,12350],{},"print(id(my_dict))"," helps you check whether it is the same object as before",[33,12353,12354,12357],{},[15,12355,12356],{},"print(other_ref is my_dict)"," tells you whether two variables point to the same object",[60,12359,1471],{"id":1470},[262,12361,1517,12363,12365],{"id":12362},"does-clear-delete-the-dictionary",[15,12364,10980],{}," delete the dictionary?",[20,12367,12368],{},"No. It keeps the dictionary object but removes all items from it.",[262,12370,1495,12372,12374],{"id":12371},"what-does-dictclear-return",[15,12373,10985],{}," return?",[20,12376,1501,12377,114],{},[15,12378,3429],{},[262,12380,4828,12382,51,12384,2135],{"id":12381},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and",[15,12383,10980],{},[15,12385,3443],{},[20,12387,12388,12390,12391,12393],{},[15,12389,10980],{}," empties the same dictionary object. Assigning ",[15,12392,3443],{}," creates a new empty dictionary.",[262,12395,1517,12397,12399],{"id":12396},"does-clear-work-on-nested-dictionaries",[15,12398,10980],{}," work on nested dictionaries?",[20,12401,12402],{},"It removes the top-level items. If nested dictionaries were inside it, those references are removed from this dictionary.",[60,12404,1527],{"id":1526},[30,12406,12407,12411,12415,12422,12429,12436,12441],{},[33,12408,12409],{},[125,12410,8811],{"href":8810},[33,12412,12413],{},[125,12414,10901],{"href":9047},[33,12416,12417],{},[125,12418,10395,12419,10399],{"href":12225},[15,12420,12421],{},"pop()",[33,12423,12424],{},[125,12425,10395,12426,10399],{"href":12239},[15,12427,12428],{},"popitem()",[33,12430,12431],{},[125,12432,10395,12433,10399],{"href":12090},[15,12434,12435],{},"copy()",[33,12437,12438],{},[125,12439,12440],{"href":11723},"Mutable vs immutable types in Python",[33,12442,12443],{},[125,12444,12445],{"href":12232},"How to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[1566,12447,12448],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":70,"searchDepth":99,"depth":99,"links":12450},[12451,12452,12454,12455,12456,12460,12465,12466,12468,12469,12479],{"id":62,"depth":99,"text":63},{"id":11064,"depth":99,"text":12453},"What clear() does",{"id":226,"depth":99,"text":227},{"id":356,"depth":99,"text":357},{"id":11360,"depth":99,"text":12457,"children":12458},"What clear() returns",[12459],{"id":11473,"depth":133,"text":11474},{"id":11653,"depth":99,"text":12461,"children":12462},"clear() vs creating a new empty dictionary",[12463,12464],{"id":11041,"depth":133,"text":10980},{"id":11108,"depth":133,"text":11706},{"id":11727,"depth":99,"text":11728},{"id":12096,"depth":99,"text":12467},"When to use clear()",{"id":913,"depth":99,"text":914},{"id":1470,"depth":99,"text":1471,"children":12470},[12471,12473,12475,12477],{"id":12362,"depth":133,"text":12472},"Does clear() delete the dictionary?",{"id":12371,"depth":133,"text":12474},"What does dict.clear() return?",{"id":12381,"depth":133,"text":12476},"What is the difference between clear() and {}?",{"id":12396,"depth":133,"text":12478},"Does clear() work on nested dictionaries?",{"id":1526,"depth":99,"text":1527},"Master python dictionary clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method",{"title":10971,"description":12480},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method","xe2WHgVVqBBDcVsY_J76LhYda8_TxsqdNPbHatiN8IU",{"id":12487,"title":12488,"body":12489,"description":14654,"extension":1610,"meta":14655,"navigation":407,"path":14656,"seo":14657,"stem":14658,"__hash__":14659},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method.md","Python Dictionary copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":12490,"toc":14626},[12491,12496,12501,12511,12513,12602,12606,12647,12652,12657,12675,12684,12686,12707,12709,12721,12723,12802,12806,12847,12849,12852,12980,12984,13064,13067,13085,13088,13092,13098,13100,13111,13113,13308,13312,13418,13421,13439,13442,13449,13454,13458,13472,13474,13601,13605,13685,13698,13704,13707,13715,13719,13845,13849,13923,13928,14059,14063,14137,14140,14154,14158,14162,14176,14178,14314,14318,14387,14389,14394,14416,14419,14526,14529,14540,14547,14549,14555,14558,14564,14567,14574,14582,14586,14589,14591,14623],[10,12492,10977,12494,18],{"id":12493},"python-dictionary-copy-method",[15,12495,12435],{},[20,12497,12498,12500],{},[15,12499,12093],{}," creates a new dictionary with the same key-value pairs as the original.",[20,12502,12503,12504,12506,12507,12510],{},"This method is useful when you want a separate dictionary object instead of another variable pointing to the same dictionary. It is important to know that ",[15,12505,12435],{}," makes a ",[332,12508,12509],{},"shallow copy",", not a deep copy.",[60,12512,63],{"id":62},[65,12514,12516],{"className":67,"code":12515,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nprint(student_copy)\nprint(student_copy is student)\n",[15,12517,12518,12556,12573,12577,12588],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,12519,12520,12523,12525,12527,12529,12531,12533,12535,12537,12540,12542,12544,12546,12548,12550,12552,12554],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,12521,12522],{"class":80},"student ",[74,12524,85],{"class":84},[74,12526,10148],{"class":106},[74,12528,122],{"class":88},[74,12530,7323],{"class":92},[74,12532,122],{"class":88},[74,12534,679],{"class":106},[74,12536,89],{"class":88},[74,12538,12539],{"class":92},"Ana",[74,12541,122],{"class":88},[74,12543,249],{"class":106},[74,12545,89],{"class":88},[74,12547,8955],{"class":92},[74,12549,122],{"class":88},[74,12551,679],{"class":106},[74,12553,7446],{"class":167},[74,12555,8965],{"class":106},[74,12557,12558,12561,12563,12566,12568,12571],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,12559,12560],{"class":80},"student_copy ",[74,12562,85],{"class":84},[74,12564,12565],{"class":80}," student",[74,12567,114],{"class":106},[74,12569,12570],{"class":110},"copy",[74,12572,8299],{"class":106},[74,12574,12575],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,12576,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,12578,12579,12581,12583,12586],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,12580,103],{"class":102},[74,12582,107],{"class":106},[74,12584,12585],{"class":110},"student_copy",[74,12587,260],{"class":106},[74,12589,12590,12592,12594,12596,12598,12600],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,12591,103],{"class":102},[74,12593,107],{"class":106},[74,12595,12560],{"class":110},[74,12597,11852],{"class":3529},[74,12599,12565],{"class":110},[74,12601,260],{"class":106},[20,12603,12604],{},[332,12605,157],{},[65,12607,12609],{"className":67,"code":12608,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\nFalse\n",[15,12610,12611,12643],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,12612,12613,12615,12617,12619,12621,12623,12625,12627,12629,12631,12633,12635,12637,12639,12641],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,12614,8934],{"class":106},[74,12616,2946],{"class":88},[74,12618,7323],{"class":92},[74,12620,2946],{"class":88},[74,12622,679],{"class":106},[74,12624,2941],{"class":88},[74,12626,12539],{"class":92},[74,12628,2946],{"class":88},[74,12630,249],{"class":106},[74,12632,2941],{"class":88},[74,12634,8955],{"class":92},[74,12636,2946],{"class":88},[74,12638,679],{"class":106},[74,12640,7446],{"class":167},[74,12642,8965],{"class":106},[74,12644,12645],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,12646,3692],{"class":3504},[20,12648,176,12649,12651],{},[15,12650,12435],{}," to create a new dictionary object with the same contents. The result is a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[60,12653,184,12655,187],{"id":12654},"what-the-copy-method-does",[15,12656,12435],{},[30,12658,12659,12664,12667,12672],{},[33,12660,12661,12663],{},[15,12662,12093],{}," returns a new dictionary",[33,12665,12666],{},"The new dictionary starts with the same keys and values as the original",[33,12668,12669,12670],{},"The original dictionary is not changed by calling ",[15,12671,12435],{},[33,12673,12674],{},"It is useful when you want a separate dictionary object",[20,12676,12677,12678,339,12681,114],{},"If you are still learning how dictionaries work, see ",[125,12679,8811],{"href":12680},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained",[125,12682,9048],{"href":12683},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[60,12685,227],{"id":226},[65,12687,12689],{"className":67,"code":12688,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"new_dict = old_dict.copy()\n",[15,12690,12691],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,12692,12693,12696,12698,12701,12703,12705],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,12694,12695],{"class":80},"new_dict ",[74,12697,85],{"class":84},[74,12699,12700],{"class":80}," old_dict",[74,12702,114],{"class":106},[74,12704,12570],{"class":110},[74,12706,8299],{"class":106},[20,12708,195],{},[30,12710,12711,12715,12718],{},[33,12712,12713,11124],{},[15,12714,12435],{},[33,12716,12717],{},"It returns the copied dictionary",[33,12719,12720],{},"You should store the result in a variable if you want to use the new dictionary",[20,12722,506],{},[65,12724,12726],{"className":67,"code":12725,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"colors = {\"a\": \"red\", \"b\": \"blue\"}\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,12727,12728,12771,12787,12791],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,12729,12730,12733,12735,12737,12739,12741,12743,12745,12747,12750,12752,12754,12756,12758,12760,12762,12764,12767,12769],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,12731,12732],{"class":80},"colors ",[74,12734,85],{"class":84},[74,12736,10148],{"class":106},[74,12738,122],{"class":88},[74,12740,125],{"class":92},[74,12742,122],{"class":88},[74,12744,679],{"class":106},[74,12746,89],{"class":88},[74,12748,12749],{"class":92},"red",[74,12751,122],{"class":88},[74,12753,249],{"class":106},[74,12755,89],{"class":88},[74,12757,4412],{"class":92},[74,12759,122],{"class":88},[74,12761,679],{"class":106},[74,12763,89],{"class":88},[74,12765,12766],{"class":92},"blue",[74,12768,122],{"class":88},[74,12770,8965],{"class":106},[74,12772,12773,12776,12778,12781,12783,12785],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,12774,12775],{"class":80},"new_colors ",[74,12777,85],{"class":84},[74,12779,12780],{"class":80}," colors",[74,12782,114],{"class":106},[74,12784,12570],{"class":110},[74,12786,8299],{"class":106},[74,12788,12789],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,12790,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,12792,12793,12795,12797,12800],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,12794,103],{"class":102},[74,12796,107],{"class":106},[74,12798,12799],{"class":110},"new_colors",[74,12801,260],{"class":106},[20,12803,12804],{},[332,12805,157],{},[65,12807,12809],{"className":67,"code":12808,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"{'a': 'red', 'b': 'blue'}\n",[15,12810,12811],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,12812,12813,12815,12817,12819,12821,12823,12825,12827,12829,12831,12833,12835,12837,12839,12841,12843,12845],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,12814,8934],{"class":106},[74,12816,2946],{"class":88},[74,12818,125],{"class":92},[74,12820,2946],{"class":88},[74,12822,679],{"class":106},[74,12824,2941],{"class":88},[74,12826,12749],{"class":92},[74,12828,2946],{"class":88},[74,12830,249],{"class":106},[74,12832,2941],{"class":88},[74,12834,4412],{"class":92},[74,12836,2946],{"class":88},[74,12838,679],{"class":106},[74,12840,2941],{"class":88},[74,12842,12766],{"class":92},[74,12844,2946],{"class":88},[74,12846,8965],{"class":106},[60,12848,357],{"id":356},[20,12850,12851],{},"Here is a basic example with simple values:",[65,12853,12855],{"className":67,"code":12854,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\nperson_copy = person.copy()\n\nperson_copy[\"age\"] = 26\n\nprint(\"Original:\", person)\nprint(\"Copy:\", person_copy)\n",[15,12856,12857,12895,12911,12915,12937,12941,12960],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,12858,12859,12862,12864,12866,12868,12870,12872,12874,12876,12879,12881,12883,12885,12887,12889,12891,12893],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,12860,12861],{"class":80},"person ",[74,12863,85],{"class":84},[74,12865,10148],{"class":106},[74,12867,122],{"class":88},[74,12869,7323],{"class":92},[74,12871,122],{"class":88},[74,12873,679],{"class":106},[74,12875,89],{"class":88},[74,12877,12878],{"class":92},"Liam",[74,12880,122],{"class":88},[74,12882,249],{"class":106},[74,12884,89],{"class":88},[74,12886,8955],{"class":92},[74,12888,122],{"class":88},[74,12890,679],{"class":106},[74,12892,8962],{"class":167},[74,12894,8965],{"class":106},[74,12896,12897,12900,12902,12905,12907,12909],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,12898,12899],{"class":80},"person_copy ",[74,12901,85],{"class":84},[74,12903,12904],{"class":80}," person",[74,12906,114],{"class":106},[74,12908,12570],{"class":110},[74,12910,8299],{"class":106},[74,12912,12913],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,12914,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,12916,12917,12920,12922,12924,12926,12928,12931,12934],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,12918,12919],{"class":80},"person_copy",[74,12921,742],{"class":106},[74,12923,122],{"class":88},[74,12925,8955],{"class":92},[74,12927,122],{"class":88},[74,12929,12930],{"class":106},"]",[74,12932,12933],{"class":84}," =",[74,12935,12936],{"class":167}," 26\n",[74,12938,12939],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,12940,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,12942,12943,12945,12947,12949,12952,12954,12956,12958],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,12944,103],{"class":102},[74,12946,107],{"class":106},[74,12948,122],{"class":88},[74,12950,12951],{"class":92},"Original:",[74,12953,122],{"class":88},[74,12955,249],{"class":106},[74,12957,12904],{"class":110},[74,12959,260],{"class":106},[74,12961,12962,12964,12966,12968,12971,12973,12975,12978],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,12963,103],{"class":102},[74,12965,107],{"class":106},[74,12967,122],{"class":88},[74,12969,12970],{"class":92},"Copy:",[74,12972,122],{"class":88},[74,12974,249],{"class":106},[74,12976,12977],{"class":110}," person_copy",[74,12979,260],{"class":106},[20,12981,12982],{},[332,12983,157],{},[65,12985,12987],{"className":67,"code":12986,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"Original: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 25}\nCopy: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 26}\n",[15,12988,12989,13026],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,12990,12991,12994,12996,12998,13000,13002,13004,13006,13008,13010,13012,13014,13016,13018,13020,13022,13024],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,12992,12993],{"class":80},"Original",[74,12995,679],{"class":106},[74,12997,10148],{"class":106},[74,12999,2946],{"class":88},[74,13001,7323],{"class":92},[74,13003,2946],{"class":88},[74,13005,679],{"class":106},[74,13007,2941],{"class":88},[74,13009,12878],{"class":92},[74,13011,2946],{"class":88},[74,13013,249],{"class":106},[74,13015,2941],{"class":88},[74,13017,8955],{"class":92},[74,13019,2946],{"class":88},[74,13021,679],{"class":106},[74,13023,8962],{"class":167},[74,13025,8965],{"class":106},[74,13027,13028,13031,13033,13035,13037,13039,13041,13043,13045,13047,13049,13051,13053,13055,13057,13059,13062],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,13029,13030],{"class":80},"Copy",[74,13032,679],{"class":106},[74,13034,10148],{"class":106},[74,13036,2946],{"class":88},[74,13038,7323],{"class":92},[74,13040,2946],{"class":88},[74,13042,679],{"class":106},[74,13044,2941],{"class":88},[74,13046,12878],{"class":92},[74,13048,2946],{"class":88},[74,13050,249],{"class":106},[74,13052,2941],{"class":88},[74,13054,8955],{"class":92},[74,13056,2946],{"class":88},[74,13058,679],{"class":106},[74,13060,13061],{"class":167}," 26",[74,13063,8965],{"class":106},[20,13065,13066],{},"What happened here:",[30,13068,13069,13075,13082],{},[33,13070,13071,13074],{},[15,13072,13073],{},"person.copy()"," created a new dictionary",[33,13076,13077,13078,13081],{},"Changing ",[15,13079,13080],{},"person_copy[\"age\"]"," changed only the copied dictionary",[33,13083,13084],{},"The original dictionary stayed the same",[20,13086,13087],{},"This works as beginners usually expect when the dictionary contains simple values like strings, numbers, or booleans.",[60,13089,13091],{"id":13090},"shallow-copy-explained","Shallow copy explained",[20,13093,13094,12506,13096,114],{},[15,13095,12435],{},[332,13097,12509],{},[20,13099,776],{},[30,13101,13102,13105,13108],{},[33,13103,13104],{},"The top-level dictionary is new",[33,13106,13107],{},"But nested mutable values are still shared",[33,13109,13110],{},"This includes values like lists and dictionaries inside the dictionary",[20,13112,506],{},[65,13114,13116],{"className":67,"code":13115,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"grades\": [90, 85]\n}\n\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nstudent_copy[\"grades\"].append(100)\n\nprint(\"Original:\", student)\nprint(\"Copy:\", student_copy)\nprint(student is student_copy)\nprint(student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"])\n",[15,13117,13118,13126,13144,13167,13171,13175,13189,13193,13218,13222,13240,13259,13274],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,13119,13120,13122,13124],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,13121,12522],{"class":80},[74,13123,85],{"class":84},[74,13125,11150],{"class":106},[74,13127,13128,13130,13132,13134,13136,13138,13140,13142],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,13129,11155],{"class":88},[74,13131,7323],{"class":92},[74,13133,122],{"class":88},[74,13135,679],{"class":106},[74,13137,89],{"class":88},[74,13139,12539],{"class":92},[74,13141,122],{"class":88},[74,13143,11171],{"class":106},[74,13145,13146,13148,13151,13153,13155,13157,13160,13162,13165],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,13147,11155],{"class":88},[74,13149,13150],{"class":92},"grades",[74,13152,122],{"class":88},[74,13154,679],{"class":106},[74,13156,3271],{"class":106},[74,13158,13159],{"class":167},"90",[74,13161,249],{"class":106},[74,13163,13164],{"class":167}," 85",[74,13166,3284],{"class":106},[74,13168,13169],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,13170,8965],{"class":106},[74,13172,13173],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,13174,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,13176,13177,13179,13181,13183,13185,13187],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,13178,12560],{"class":80},[74,13180,85],{"class":84},[74,13182,12565],{"class":80},[74,13184,114],{"class":106},[74,13186,12570],{"class":110},[74,13188,8299],{"class":106},[74,13190,13191],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,13192,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,13194,13195,13197,13199,13201,13203,13205,13208,13211,13213,13216],{"class":76,"line":6079},[74,13196,12585],{"class":80},[74,13198,742],{"class":106},[74,13200,122],{"class":88},[74,13202,13150],{"class":92},[74,13204,122],{"class":88},[74,13206,13207],{"class":106},"].",[74,13209,13210],{"class":110},"append",[74,13212,107],{"class":106},[74,13214,13215],{"class":167},"100",[74,13217,260],{"class":106},[74,13219,13220],{"class":76,"line":6085},[74,13221,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,13223,13224,13226,13228,13230,13232,13234,13236,13238],{"class":76,"line":6090},[74,13225,103],{"class":102},[74,13227,107],{"class":106},[74,13229,122],{"class":88},[74,13231,12951],{"class":92},[74,13233,122],{"class":88},[74,13235,249],{"class":106},[74,13237,12565],{"class":110},[74,13239,260],{"class":106},[74,13241,13242,13244,13246,13248,13250,13252,13254,13257],{"class":76,"line":11252},[74,13243,103],{"class":102},[74,13245,107],{"class":106},[74,13247,122],{"class":88},[74,13249,12970],{"class":92},[74,13251,122],{"class":88},[74,13253,249],{"class":106},[74,13255,13256],{"class":110}," student_copy",[74,13258,260],{"class":106},[74,13260,13262,13264,13266,13268,13270,13272],{"class":76,"line":13261},12,[74,13263,103],{"class":102},[74,13265,107],{"class":106},[74,13267,12522],{"class":110},[74,13269,11852],{"class":3529},[74,13271,13256],{"class":110},[74,13273,260],{"class":106},[74,13275,13277,13279,13281,13284,13286,13288,13290,13292,13294,13296,13298,13300,13302,13304,13306],{"class":76,"line":13276},13,[74,13278,103],{"class":102},[74,13280,107],{"class":106},[74,13282,13283],{"class":110},"student",[74,13285,742],{"class":106},[74,13287,122],{"class":88},[74,13289,13150],{"class":92},[74,13291,122],{"class":88},[74,13293,12930],{"class":106},[74,13295,7754],{"class":3529},[74,13297,13256],{"class":110},[74,13299,742],{"class":106},[74,13301,122],{"class":88},[74,13303,13150],{"class":92},[74,13305,122],{"class":88},[74,13307,751],{"class":106},[20,13309,13310],{},[332,13311,157],{},[65,13313,13315],{"className":67,"code":13314,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"Original: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nCopy: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,13316,13317,13364,13410,13414],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,13318,13319,13321,13323,13325,13327,13329,13331,13333,13335,13337,13339,13341,13343,13345,13347,13349,13351,13353,13355,13357,13359,13361],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,13320,12993],{"class":80},[74,13322,679],{"class":106},[74,13324,10148],{"class":106},[74,13326,2946],{"class":88},[74,13328,7323],{"class":92},[74,13330,2946],{"class":88},[74,13332,679],{"class":106},[74,13334,2941],{"class":88},[74,13336,12539],{"class":92},[74,13338,2946],{"class":88},[74,13340,249],{"class":106},[74,13342,2941],{"class":88},[74,13344,13150],{"class":92},[74,13346,2946],{"class":88},[74,13348,679],{"class":106},[74,13350,3271],{"class":106},[74,13352,13159],{"class":167},[74,13354,249],{"class":106},[74,13356,13164],{"class":167},[74,13358,249],{"class":106},[74,13360,9775],{"class":167},[74,13362,13363],{"class":106},"]}\n",[74,13365,13366,13368,13370,13372,13374,13376,13378,13380,13382,13384,13386,13388,13390,13392,13394,13396,13398,13400,13402,13404,13406,13408],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,13367,13030],{"class":80},[74,13369,679],{"class":106},[74,13371,10148],{"class":106},[74,13373,2946],{"class":88},[74,13375,7323],{"class":92},[74,13377,2946],{"class":88},[74,13379,679],{"class":106},[74,13381,2941],{"class":88},[74,13383,12539],{"class":92},[74,13385,2946],{"class":88},[74,13387,249],{"class":106},[74,13389,2941],{"class":88},[74,13391,13150],{"class":92},[74,13393,2946],{"class":88},[74,13395,679],{"class":106},[74,13397,3271],{"class":106},[74,13399,13159],{"class":167},[74,13401,249],{"class":106},[74,13403,13164],{"class":167},[74,13405,249],{"class":106},[74,13407,9775],{"class":167},[74,13409,13363],{"class":106},[74,13411,13412],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,13413,3692],{"class":3504},[74,13415,13416],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,13417,3631],{"class":3504},[20,13419,13420],{},"Notice the difference:",[30,13422,13423,13431],{},[33,13424,13425,4435,13428,13430],{},[15,13426,13427],{},"student is student_copy",[15,13429,342],{},", so they are different dictionaries",[33,13432,13433,4435,13436,13438],{},[15,13434,13435],{},"student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"]",[15,13437,338],{},", so both dictionaries share the same list",[20,13440,13441],{},"Because of that, changing the nested list in the copy also changed the original.",[20,13443,13444,13445,114],{},"If you want to understand this in more detail, see ",[125,13446,13448],{"href":13447},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","Python shallow copy vs deep copy explained",[60,13450,1260,13452],{"id":13451},"when-to-use-copy",[15,13453,12435],{},[20,13455,176,13456,10259],{},[15,13457,12435],{},[30,13459,13460,13463,13466,13469],{},[33,13461,13462],{},"You want to edit a dictionary without changing the original",[33,13464,13465],{},"You need a backup before making updates",[33,13467,13468],{},"You pass a dictionary to code that may modify it",[33,13470,13471],{},"Your dictionary contains only simple values, so a shallow copy is enough",[20,13473,506],{},[65,13475,13477],{"className":67,"code":13476,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\", \"font_size\": 14}\nsettings_backup = settings.copy()\n\nsettings[\"font_size\"] = 16\n\nprint(\"Current:\", settings)\nprint(\"Backup:\", settings_backup)\n",[15,13478,13479,13518,13534,13538,13558,13562,13581],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,13480,13481,13484,13486,13488,13490,13492,13494,13496,13498,13500,13502,13504,13506,13509,13511,13513,13516],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,13482,13483],{"class":80},"settings ",[74,13485,85],{"class":84},[74,13487,10148],{"class":106},[74,13489,122],{"class":88},[74,13491,12153],{"class":92},[74,13493,122],{"class":88},[74,13495,679],{"class":106},[74,13497,89],{"class":88},[74,13499,12162],{"class":92},[74,13501,122],{"class":88},[74,13503,249],{"class":106},[74,13505,89],{"class":88},[74,13507,13508],{"class":92},"font_size",[74,13510,122],{"class":88},[74,13512,679],{"class":106},[74,13514,13515],{"class":167}," 14",[74,13517,8965],{"class":106},[74,13519,13520,13523,13525,13528,13530,13532],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,13521,13522],{"class":80},"settings_backup ",[74,13524,85],{"class":84},[74,13526,13527],{"class":80}," settings",[74,13529,114],{"class":106},[74,13531,12570],{"class":110},[74,13533,8299],{"class":106},[74,13535,13536],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,13537,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,13539,13540,13543,13545,13547,13549,13551,13553,13555],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,13541,13542],{"class":80},"settings",[74,13544,742],{"class":106},[74,13546,122],{"class":88},[74,13548,13508],{"class":92},[74,13550,122],{"class":88},[74,13552,12930],{"class":106},[74,13554,12933],{"class":84},[74,13556,13557],{"class":167}," 16\n",[74,13559,13560],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,13561,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,13563,13564,13566,13568,13570,13573,13575,13577,13579],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,13565,103],{"class":102},[74,13567,107],{"class":106},[74,13569,122],{"class":88},[74,13571,13572],{"class":92},"Current:",[74,13574,122],{"class":88},[74,13576,249],{"class":106},[74,13578,13527],{"class":110},[74,13580,260],{"class":106},[74,13582,13583,13585,13587,13589,13592,13594,13596,13599],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,13584,103],{"class":102},[74,13586,107],{"class":106},[74,13588,122],{"class":88},[74,13590,13591],{"class":92},"Backup:",[74,13593,122],{"class":88},[74,13595,249],{"class":106},[74,13597,13598],{"class":110}," settings_backup",[74,13600,260],{"class":106},[20,13602,13603],{},[332,13604,157],{},[65,13606,13608],{"className":67,"code":13607,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"Current: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 16}\nBackup: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 14}\n",[15,13609,13610,13648],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,13611,13612,13615,13617,13619,13621,13623,13625,13627,13629,13631,13633,13635,13637,13639,13641,13643,13646],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,13613,13614],{"class":80},"Current",[74,13616,679],{"class":106},[74,13618,10148],{"class":106},[74,13620,2946],{"class":88},[74,13622,12153],{"class":92},[74,13624,2946],{"class":88},[74,13626,679],{"class":106},[74,13628,2941],{"class":88},[74,13630,12162],{"class":92},[74,13632,2946],{"class":88},[74,13634,249],{"class":106},[74,13636,2941],{"class":88},[74,13638,13508],{"class":92},[74,13640,2946],{"class":88},[74,13642,679],{"class":106},[74,13644,13645],{"class":167}," 16",[74,13647,8965],{"class":106},[74,13649,13650,13653,13655,13657,13659,13661,13663,13665,13667,13669,13671,13673,13675,13677,13679,13681,13683],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,13651,13652],{"class":80},"Backup",[74,13654,679],{"class":106},[74,13656,10148],{"class":106},[74,13658,2946],{"class":88},[74,13660,12153],{"class":92},[74,13662,2946],{"class":88},[74,13664,679],{"class":106},[74,13666,2941],{"class":88},[74,13668,12162],{"class":92},[74,13670,2946],{"class":88},[74,13672,249],{"class":106},[74,13674,2941],{"class":88},[74,13676,13508],{"class":92},[74,13678,2946],{"class":88},[74,13680,679],{"class":106},[74,13682,13515],{"class":167},[74,13684,8965],{"class":106},[20,13686,13687,13688,339,13694,114],{},"This is a common pattern before using methods that change a dictionary, such as ",[125,13689,13691],{"href":13690},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method",[15,13692,13693],{},"dict.update()",[125,13695,13696],{"href":12482},[15,13697,10985],{},[60,13699,13701,13703],{"id":13700},"copy-vs-assignment",[15,13702,12435],{}," vs assignment",[20,13705,13706],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes.",[20,13708,571,13709,13711,13712,13714],{},[15,13710,85],{}," does ",[332,13713,334],{}," make a new dictionary. It only creates another variable that refers to the same object.",[262,13716,13718],{"id":13717},"using-assignment","Using assignment",[65,13720,13722],{"className":67,"code":13721,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nassigned = original\n\nassigned[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Assigned:\", assigned)\nprint(original is assigned)\n",[15,13723,13724,13756,13765,13769,13789,13793,13811,13831],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,13725,13726,13728,13730,13732,13734,13736,13738,13740,13742,13744,13746,13748,13750,13752,13754],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,13727,11744],{"class":80},[74,13729,85],{"class":84},[74,13731,10148],{"class":106},[74,13733,122],{"class":88},[74,13735,1816],{"class":92},[74,13737,122],{"class":88},[74,13739,679],{"class":106},[74,13741,5148],{"class":167},[74,13743,249],{"class":106},[74,13745,89],{"class":88},[74,13747,11403],{"class":92},[74,13749,122],{"class":88},[74,13751,679],{"class":106},[74,13753,620],{"class":167},[74,13755,8965],{"class":106},[74,13757,13758,13761,13763],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,13759,13760],{"class":80},"assigned ",[74,13762,85],{"class":84},[74,13764,11782],{"class":80},[74,13766,13767],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,13768,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,13770,13771,13774,13776,13778,13780,13782,13784,13786],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,13772,13773],{"class":80},"assigned",[74,13775,742],{"class":106},[74,13777,122],{"class":88},[74,13779,1816],{"class":92},[74,13781,122],{"class":88},[74,13783,12930],{"class":106},[74,13785,12933],{"class":84},[74,13787,13788],{"class":167}," 99\n",[74,13790,13791],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,13792,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,13794,13795,13797,13799,13801,13803,13805,13807,13809],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,13796,103],{"class":102},[74,13798,107],{"class":106},[74,13800,122],{"class":88},[74,13802,12951],{"class":92},[74,13804,122],{"class":88},[74,13806,249],{"class":106},[74,13808,11819],{"class":110},[74,13810,260],{"class":106},[74,13812,13813,13815,13817,13819,13822,13824,13826,13829],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,13814,103],{"class":102},[74,13816,107],{"class":106},[74,13818,122],{"class":88},[74,13820,13821],{"class":92},"Assigned:",[74,13823,122],{"class":88},[74,13825,249],{"class":106},[74,13827,13828],{"class":110}," assigned",[74,13830,260],{"class":106},[74,13832,13833,13835,13837,13839,13841,13843],{"class":76,"line":6079},[74,13834,103],{"class":102},[74,13836,107],{"class":106},[74,13838,11744],{"class":110},[74,13840,11852],{"class":3529},[74,13842,13828],{"class":110},[74,13844,260],{"class":106},[20,13846,13847],{},[332,13848,157],{},[65,13850,13852],{"className":67,"code":13851,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"Original: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nAssigned: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nTrue\n",[15,13853,13854,13886,13919],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,13855,13856,13858,13860,13862,13864,13866,13868,13870,13872,13874,13876,13878,13880,13882,13884],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,13857,12993],{"class":80},[74,13859,679],{"class":106},[74,13861,10148],{"class":106},[74,13863,2946],{"class":88},[74,13865,1816],{"class":92},[74,13867,2946],{"class":88},[74,13869,679],{"class":106},[74,13871,9854],{"class":167},[74,13873,249],{"class":106},[74,13875,2941],{"class":88},[74,13877,11403],{"class":92},[74,13879,2946],{"class":88},[74,13881,679],{"class":106},[74,13883,620],{"class":167},[74,13885,8965],{"class":106},[74,13887,13888,13891,13893,13895,13897,13899,13901,13903,13905,13907,13909,13911,13913,13915,13917],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,13889,13890],{"class":80},"Assigned",[74,13892,679],{"class":106},[74,13894,10148],{"class":106},[74,13896,2946],{"class":88},[74,13898,1816],{"class":92},[74,13900,2946],{"class":88},[74,13902,679],{"class":106},[74,13904,9854],{"class":167},[74,13906,249],{"class":106},[74,13908,2941],{"class":88},[74,13910,11403],{"class":92},[74,13912,2946],{"class":88},[74,13914,679],{"class":106},[74,13916,620],{"class":167},[74,13918,8965],{"class":106},[74,13920,13921],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,13922,3631],{"class":3504},[262,13924,571,13926],{"id":13925},"using-copy",[15,13927,12435],{},[65,13929,13931],{"className":67,"code":13930,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Copied:\", copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,13932,13933,13965,13980,13984,14003,14007,14025,14045],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,13934,13935,13937,13939,13941,13943,13945,13947,13949,13951,13953,13955,13957,13959,13961,13963],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,13936,11744],{"class":80},[74,13938,85],{"class":84},[74,13940,10148],{"class":106},[74,13942,122],{"class":88},[74,13944,1816],{"class":92},[74,13946,122],{"class":88},[74,13948,679],{"class":106},[74,13950,5148],{"class":167},[74,13952,249],{"class":106},[74,13954,89],{"class":88},[74,13956,11403],{"class":92},[74,13958,122],{"class":88},[74,13960,679],{"class":106},[74,13962,620],{"class":167},[74,13964,8965],{"class":106},[74,13966,13967,13970,13972,13974,13976,13978],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,13968,13969],{"class":80},"copied ",[74,13971,85],{"class":84},[74,13973,11819],{"class":80},[74,13975,114],{"class":106},[74,13977,12570],{"class":110},[74,13979,8299],{"class":106},[74,13981,13982],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,13983,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,13985,13986,13989,13991,13993,13995,13997,13999,14001],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,13987,13988],{"class":80},"copied",[74,13990,742],{"class":106},[74,13992,122],{"class":88},[74,13994,1816],{"class":92},[74,13996,122],{"class":88},[74,13998,12930],{"class":106},[74,14000,12933],{"class":84},[74,14002,13788],{"class":167},[74,14004,14005],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,14006,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,14008,14009,14011,14013,14015,14017,14019,14021,14023],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,14010,103],{"class":102},[74,14012,107],{"class":106},[74,14014,122],{"class":88},[74,14016,12951],{"class":92},[74,14018,122],{"class":88},[74,14020,249],{"class":106},[74,14022,11819],{"class":110},[74,14024,260],{"class":106},[74,14026,14027,14029,14031,14033,14036,14038,14040,14043],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,14028,103],{"class":102},[74,14030,107],{"class":106},[74,14032,122],{"class":88},[74,14034,14035],{"class":92},"Copied:",[74,14037,122],{"class":88},[74,14039,249],{"class":106},[74,14041,14042],{"class":110}," copied",[74,14044,260],{"class":106},[74,14046,14047,14049,14051,14053,14055,14057],{"class":76,"line":6079},[74,14048,103],{"class":102},[74,14050,107],{"class":106},[74,14052,11744],{"class":110},[74,14054,11852],{"class":3529},[74,14056,14042],{"class":110},[74,14058,260],{"class":106},[20,14060,14061],{},[332,14062,157],{},[65,14064,14066],{"className":67,"code":14065,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"Original: {'x': 1, 'y': 2}\nCopied: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,14067,14068,14100,14133],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,14069,14070,14072,14074,14076,14078,14080,14082,14084,14086,14088,14090,14092,14094,14096,14098],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,14071,12993],{"class":80},[74,14073,679],{"class":106},[74,14075,10148],{"class":106},[74,14077,2946],{"class":88},[74,14079,1816],{"class":92},[74,14081,2946],{"class":88},[74,14083,679],{"class":106},[74,14085,5148],{"class":167},[74,14087,249],{"class":106},[74,14089,2941],{"class":88},[74,14091,11403],{"class":92},[74,14093,2946],{"class":88},[74,14095,679],{"class":106},[74,14097,620],{"class":167},[74,14099,8965],{"class":106},[74,14101,14102,14105,14107,14109,14111,14113,14115,14117,14119,14121,14123,14125,14127,14129,14131],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,14103,14104],{"class":80},"Copied",[74,14106,679],{"class":106},[74,14108,10148],{"class":106},[74,14110,2946],{"class":88},[74,14112,1816],{"class":92},[74,14114,2946],{"class":88},[74,14116,679],{"class":106},[74,14118,9854],{"class":167},[74,14120,249],{"class":106},[74,14122,2941],{"class":88},[74,14124,11403],{"class":92},[74,14126,2946],{"class":88},[74,14128,679],{"class":106},[74,14130,620],{"class":167},[74,14132,8965],{"class":106},[74,14134,14135],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,14136,3692],{"class":3504},[20,14138,14139],{},"Summary:",[30,14141,14142,14148],{},[33,14143,14144,14147],{},[15,14145,14146],{},"assigned = original"," → same dictionary",[33,14149,14150,14153],{},[15,14151,14152],{},"copied = original.copy()"," → new dictionary",[60,14155,14157],{"id":14156},"return-value-and-method-behavior","Return value and method behavior",[20,14159,14160,679],{},[15,14161,12435],{},[30,14163,14164,14167,14170,14173],{},[33,14165,14166],{},"Returns a dictionary",[33,14168,14169],{},"Does not modify the original dictionary",[33,14171,14172],{},"Copies the contents as they are at the time of copying",[33,14174,14175],{},"Keeps later top-level changes separate between the two dictionaries",[20,14177,506],{},[65,14179,14181],{"className":67,"code":14180,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata_copy = data.copy()\n\ndata[\"a\"] = 10\ndata_copy[\"b\"] = 20\n\nprint(\"Original:\", data)\nprint(\"Copy:\", data_copy)\n",[15,14182,14183,14215,14231,14235,14253,14273,14277,14295],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,14184,14185,14187,14189,14191,14193,14195,14197,14199,14201,14203,14205,14207,14209,14211,14213],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,14186,8821],{"class":80},[74,14188,85],{"class":84},[74,14190,10148],{"class":106},[74,14192,122],{"class":88},[74,14194,125],{"class":92},[74,14196,122],{"class":88},[74,14198,679],{"class":106},[74,14200,5148],{"class":167},[74,14202,249],{"class":106},[74,14204,89],{"class":88},[74,14206,4412],{"class":92},[74,14208,122],{"class":88},[74,14210,679],{"class":106},[74,14212,620],{"class":167},[74,14214,8965],{"class":106},[74,14216,14217,14220,14222,14225,14227,14229],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,14218,14219],{"class":80},"data_copy ",[74,14221,85],{"class":84},[74,14223,14224],{"class":80}," data",[74,14226,114],{"class":106},[74,14228,12570],{"class":110},[74,14230,8299],{"class":106},[74,14232,14233],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,14234,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,14236,14237,14239,14241,14243,14245,14247,14249,14251],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,14238,8860],{"class":80},[74,14240,742],{"class":106},[74,14242,122],{"class":88},[74,14244,125],{"class":92},[74,14246,122],{"class":88},[74,14248,12930],{"class":106},[74,14250,12933],{"class":84},[74,14252,2231],{"class":167},[74,14254,14255,14258,14260,14262,14264,14266,14268,14270],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,14256,14257],{"class":80},"data_copy",[74,14259,742],{"class":106},[74,14261,122],{"class":88},[74,14263,4412],{"class":92},[74,14265,122],{"class":88},[74,14267,12930],{"class":106},[74,14269,12933],{"class":84},[74,14271,14272],{"class":167}," 20\n",[74,14274,14275],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,14276,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,14278,14279,14281,14283,14285,14287,14289,14291,14293],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,14280,103],{"class":102},[74,14282,107],{"class":106},[74,14284,122],{"class":88},[74,14286,12951],{"class":92},[74,14288,122],{"class":88},[74,14290,249],{"class":106},[74,14292,14224],{"class":110},[74,14294,260],{"class":106},[74,14296,14297,14299,14301,14303,14305,14307,14309,14312],{"class":76,"line":6079},[74,14298,103],{"class":102},[74,14300,107],{"class":106},[74,14302,122],{"class":88},[74,14304,12970],{"class":92},[74,14306,122],{"class":88},[74,14308,249],{"class":106},[74,14310,14311],{"class":110}," data_copy",[74,14313,260],{"class":106},[20,14315,14316],{},[332,14317,157],{},[65,14319,14321],{"className":67,"code":14320,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"Original: {'a': 10, 'b': 2}\nCopy: {'a': 1, 'b': 20}\n",[15,14322,14323,14355],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,14324,14325,14327,14329,14331,14333,14335,14337,14339,14341,14343,14345,14347,14349,14351,14353],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,14326,12993],{"class":80},[74,14328,679],{"class":106},[74,14330,10148],{"class":106},[74,14332,2946],{"class":88},[74,14334,125],{"class":92},[74,14336,2946],{"class":88},[74,14338,679],{"class":106},[74,14340,5656],{"class":167},[74,14342,249],{"class":106},[74,14344,2941],{"class":88},[74,14346,4412],{"class":92},[74,14348,2946],{"class":88},[74,14350,679],{"class":106},[74,14352,620],{"class":167},[74,14354,8965],{"class":106},[74,14356,14357,14359,14361,14363,14365,14367,14369,14371,14373,14375,14377,14379,14381,14383,14385],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,14358,13030],{"class":80},[74,14360,679],{"class":106},[74,14362,10148],{"class":106},[74,14364,2946],{"class":88},[74,14366,125],{"class":92},[74,14368,2946],{"class":88},[74,14370,679],{"class":106},[74,14372,5148],{"class":167},[74,14374,249],{"class":106},[74,14376,2941],{"class":88},[74,14378,4412],{"class":92},[74,14380,2946],{"class":88},[74,14382,679],{"class":106},[74,14384,7446],{"class":167},[74,14386,8965],{"class":106},[60,14388,914],{"id":913},[20,14390,14391,14392,679],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into with ",[15,14393,12093],{},[30,14395,14396,14403,14408,14413],{},[33,14397,571,14398,10750,14400,14402],{},[15,14399,85],{},[15,14401,12435],{}," and expecting an independent dictionary",[33,14404,4231,14405,14407],{},[15,14406,12435],{}," also duplicates nested lists and nested dictionaries",[33,14409,14410,14411],{},"Forgetting to save the return value of ",[15,14412,12435],{},[33,14414,14415],{},"Changing a nested value in the copied dictionary and being surprised that the original also changes",[20,14417,14418],{},"These print statements can help you debug:",[65,14420,14422],{"className":67,"code":14421,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[\"key\"]))\nprint(id(copied[\"key\"]))\n",[15,14423,14424,14434,14444,14458,14481,14504],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,14425,14426,14428,14430,14432],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,14427,103],{"class":102},[74,14429,107],{"class":106},[74,14431,11791],{"class":110},[74,14433,260],{"class":106},[74,14435,14436,14438,14440,14442],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,14437,103],{"class":102},[74,14439,107],{"class":106},[74,14441,13988],{"class":110},[74,14443,260],{"class":106},[74,14445,14446,14448,14450,14452,14454,14456],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,14447,103],{"class":102},[74,14449,107],{"class":106},[74,14451,11744],{"class":110},[74,14453,11852],{"class":3529},[74,14455,14042],{"class":110},[74,14457,260],{"class":106},[74,14459,14460,14462,14464,14466,14468,14470,14472,14475,14477,14479],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,14461,103],{"class":102},[74,14463,107],{"class":106},[74,14465,12308],{"class":102},[74,14467,107],{"class":106},[74,14469,11791],{"class":110},[74,14471,8889],{"class":106},[74,14473,14474],{"class":102}," id",[74,14476,107],{"class":106},[74,14478,13988],{"class":110},[74,14480,130],{"class":106},[74,14482,14483,14485,14487,14489,14491,14493,14495,14497,14500,14502],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,14484,103],{"class":102},[74,14486,107],{"class":106},[74,14488,12308],{"class":102},[74,14490,107],{"class":106},[74,14492,11791],{"class":110},[74,14494,742],{"class":106},[74,14496,122],{"class":88},[74,14498,14499],{"class":92},"key",[74,14501,122],{"class":88},[74,14503,2643],{"class":106},[74,14505,14506,14508,14510,14512,14514,14516,14518,14520,14522,14524],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,14507,103],{"class":102},[74,14509,107],{"class":106},[74,14511,12308],{"class":102},[74,14513,107],{"class":106},[74,14515,13988],{"class":110},[74,14517,742],{"class":106},[74,14519,122],{"class":88},[74,14521,14499],{"class":92},[74,14523,122],{"class":88},[74,14525,2643],{"class":106},[20,14527,14528],{},"What these help you check:",[30,14530,14531,14534,14537],{},[33,14532,14533],{},"Whether the dictionaries have the same contents",[33,14535,14536],{},"Whether the two variables point to the same dictionary",[33,14538,14539],{},"Whether a nested value is shared between both dictionaries",[20,14541,14542,14543,114],{},"If you need to copy nested data structures too, you may need a deep copy. A related example is ",[125,14544,14546],{"href":14545},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python","how to copy a list in Python",[60,14548,1471],{"id":1470},[262,14550,1517,14552,14554],{"id":14551},"does-dictcopy-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,14553,12093],{}," change the original dictionary?",[20,14556,14557],{},"No. It returns a new dictionary and leaves the original unchanged.",[262,14559,1485,14561,14563],{"id":14560},"is-dictcopy-a-deep-copy",[15,14562,12093],{}," a deep copy?",[20,14565,14566],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable objects are still shared.",[262,14568,4828,14570,51,14572,2135],{"id":14569},"what-is-the-difference-between-copy-and",[15,14571,12435],{},[15,14573,85],{},[20,14575,14576,14578,14579,14581],{},[15,14577,12435],{}," creates a new dictionary object. ",[15,14580,85],{}," makes a new variable name pointing to the same dictionary.",[262,14583,14585],{"id":14584},"when-should-i-use-a-deep-copy-instead","When should I use a deep copy instead?",[20,14587,14588],{},"Use a deep copy when your dictionary contains nested mutable objects and you want fully independent copies.",[60,14590,1527],{"id":1526},[30,14592,14593,14597,14601,14605,14612,14618],{},[33,14594,14595],{},[125,14596,10901],{"href":12683},[33,14598,14599],{},[125,14600,8811],{"href":12680},[33,14602,14603],{},[125,14604,13448],{"href":13447},[33,14606,14607],{},[125,14608,10395,14609,10399],{"href":13690},[15,14610,14611],{},"update()",[33,14613,14614],{},[125,14615,10395,14616,10399],{"href":12482},[15,14617,10980],{},[33,14619,14620],{},[125,14621,14622],{"href":14545},"How to copy a list in Python",[1566,14624,14625],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":70,"searchDepth":99,"depth":99,"links":14627},[14628,14629,14631,14632,14633,14634,14636,14642,14643,14644,14653],{"id":62,"depth":99,"text":63},{"id":12654,"depth":99,"text":14630},"What the copy() method does",{"id":226,"depth":99,"text":227},{"id":356,"depth":99,"text":357},{"id":13090,"depth":99,"text":13091},{"id":13451,"depth":99,"text":14635},"When to use copy()",{"id":13700,"depth":99,"text":14637,"children":14638},"copy() vs assignment",[14639,14640],{"id":13717,"depth":133,"text":13718},{"id":13925,"depth":133,"text":14641},"Using copy()",{"id":14156,"depth":99,"text":14157},{"id":913,"depth":99,"text":914},{"id":1470,"depth":99,"text":1471,"children":14645},[14646,14648,14650,14652],{"id":14551,"depth":133,"text":14647},"Does dict.copy() change the original dictionary?",{"id":14560,"depth":133,"text":14649},"Is dict.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":14569,"depth":133,"text":14651},"What is the difference between copy() and =?",{"id":14584,"depth":133,"text":14585},{"id":1526,"depth":99,"text":1527},"Master python dictionary copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method",{"title":12488,"description":14654},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method","b4gPFp73mvuYzt0UIHo5udng8ybOHeuBHmfXr7S8Gq0",{"id":14661,"title":14662,"body":14663,"description":16861,"extension":1610,"meta":16862,"navigation":407,"path":12683,"seo":16863,"stem":16864,"__hash__":16865},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary.md","Python Dictionary: Creating a Dictionary",{"type":7,"value":14664,"toc":16823},[14665,14668,14674,14683,14685,14761,14765,14814,14817,14821,14835,14838,14842,14855,14858,14891,14905,14908,14920,14924,14927,14935,15015,15019,15072,15076,15094,15096,15178,15181,15183,15186,15189,15212,15236,15240,15248,15251,15255,15264,15269,15327,15331,15364,15370,15376,15379,15434,15438,15488,15491,15497,15500,15508,15510,15555,15560,15569,15572,15575,15622,15624,15629,15632,15726,15730,15783,15786,15842,15845,15849,15852,15866,15870,15936,15940,15965,15968,15972,16050,16054,16057,16060,16080,16083,16136,16140,16143,16146,16159,16161,16250,16257,16260,16271,16273,16276,16296,16300,16303,16312,16315,16354,16358,16360,16369,16378,16380,16418,16422,16469,16473,16494,16498,16501,16613,16618,16715,16737,16739,16743,16750,16754,16760,16764,16767,16771,16774,16781,16789,16791,16817,16820],[10,14666,14662],{"id":14667},"python-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[20,14669,14670,14671,14673],{},"A dictionary in Python stores data as ",[332,14672,8787],{},". This page shows the main ways to create a dictionary, the basic syntax, and a few common beginner mistakes to avoid.",[20,14675,14676,14677,339,14679,114],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, you may also want to read ",[125,14678,8811],{"href":8810},[125,14680,14682],{"href":14681},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","what is a dictionary in Python",[60,14684,63],{"id":62},[65,14686,14688],{"className":67,"code":14687,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"is_active\": True\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,14689,14690,14698,14716,14730,14743,14747,14751],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,14691,14692,14694,14696],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,14693,12522],{"class":80},[74,14695,85],{"class":84},[74,14697,11150],{"class":106},[74,14699,14700,14702,14704,14706,14708,14710,14712,14714],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,14701,11155],{"class":88},[74,14703,7323],{"class":92},[74,14705,122],{"class":88},[74,14707,679],{"class":106},[74,14709,89],{"class":88},[74,14711,12539],{"class":92},[74,14713,122],{"class":88},[74,14715,11171],{"class":106},[74,14717,14718,14720,14722,14724,14726,14728],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,14719,11155],{"class":88},[74,14721,8955],{"class":92},[74,14723,122],{"class":88},[74,14725,679],{"class":106},[74,14727,7446],{"class":167},[74,14729,11171],{"class":106},[74,14731,14732,14734,14737,14739,14741],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,14733,11155],{"class":88},[74,14735,14736],{"class":92},"is_active",[74,14738,122],{"class":88},[74,14740,679],{"class":106},[74,14742,6076],{"class":3504},[74,14744,14745],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,14746,8965],{"class":106},[74,14748,14749],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,14750,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,14752,14753,14755,14757,14759],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,14754,103],{"class":102},[74,14756,107],{"class":106},[74,14758,13283],{"class":110},[74,14760,260],{"class":106},[20,14762,14763],{},[332,14764,157],{},[65,14766,14768],{"className":67,"code":14767,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'is_active': True}\n",[15,14769,14770],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,14771,14772,14774,14776,14778,14780,14782,14784,14786,14788,14790,14792,14794,14796,14798,14800,14802,14804,14806,14808,14810,14812],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,14773,8934],{"class":106},[74,14775,2946],{"class":88},[74,14777,7323],{"class":92},[74,14779,2946],{"class":88},[74,14781,679],{"class":106},[74,14783,2941],{"class":88},[74,14785,12539],{"class":92},[74,14787,2946],{"class":88},[74,14789,249],{"class":106},[74,14791,2941],{"class":88},[74,14793,8955],{"class":92},[74,14795,2946],{"class":88},[74,14797,679],{"class":106},[74,14799,7446],{"class":167},[74,14801,249],{"class":106},[74,14803,2941],{"class":88},[74,14805,14736],{"class":92},[74,14807,2946],{"class":88},[74,14809,679],{"class":106},[74,14811,3567],{"class":3504},[74,14813,8965],{"class":106},[20,14815,14816],{},"Use curly braces with key-value pairs separated by commas. Keys and values are joined with a colon.",[60,14818,14820],{"id":14819},"what-this-page-covers","What this page covers",[30,14822,14823,14826,14829,14832],{},[33,14824,14825],{},"What a dictionary is",[33,14827,14828],{},"The basic syntax for creating one",[33,14830,14831],{},"Common ways to make a dictionary",[33,14833,14834],{},"Beginner mistakes to avoid",[60,14836,14825],{"id":14837},"what-a-dictionary-is",[20,14839,8784,14840,114],{},[332,14841,8787],{},[30,14843,14844,14850],{},[33,14845,14846,14847,14849],{},"A ",[332,14848,14499],{}," is the label",[33,14851,14846,14852,14854],{},[332,14853,246],{}," is the data connected to that label",[20,14856,14857],{},"For example, in this dictionary:",[65,14859,14861],{"className":67,"code":14860,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\"\n}\n",[15,14862,14863,14871,14887],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,14864,14865,14867,14869],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,14866,12522],{"class":80},[74,14868,85],{"class":84},[74,14870,11150],{"class":106},[74,14872,14873,14875,14877,14879,14881,14883,14885],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,14874,11155],{"class":88},[74,14876,7323],{"class":92},[74,14878,122],{"class":88},[74,14880,679],{"class":106},[74,14882,89],{"class":88},[74,14884,12539],{"class":92},[74,14886,96],{"class":88},[74,14888,14889],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,14890,8965],{"class":106},[30,14892,14893,14899],{},[33,14894,14895,14898],{},[15,14896,14897],{},"\"name\""," is the key",[33,14900,14901,14904],{},[15,14902,14903],{},"\"Ana\""," is the value",[20,14906,14907],{},"Dictionaries are useful when your data has labels, such as:",[30,14909,14910,14912,14914,14917],{},[33,14911,7323],{},[33,14913,8955],{},[33,14915,14916],{},"email",[33,14918,14919],{},"country",[60,14921,14923],{"id":14922},"create-a-dictionary-with-curly-braces","Create a dictionary with curly braces",[20,14925,14926],{},"This is the most common way to create a dictionary.",[20,14928,176,14929,14931,14932,114],{},[15,14930,3443],{}," and write each item as ",[15,14933,14934],{},"key: value",[65,14936,14938],{"className":67,"code":14937,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"course\": \"Python\"\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,14939,14940,14948,14966,14980,14997,15001,15005],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,14941,14942,14944,14946],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,14943,12522],{"class":80},[74,14945,85],{"class":84},[74,14947,11150],{"class":106},[74,14949,14950,14952,14954,14956,14958,14960,14962,14964],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,14951,11155],{"class":88},[74,14953,7323],{"class":92},[74,14955,122],{"class":88},[74,14957,679],{"class":106},[74,14959,89],{"class":88},[74,14961,12539],{"class":92},[74,14963,122],{"class":88},[74,14965,11171],{"class":106},[74,14967,14968,14970,14972,14974,14976,14978],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,14969,11155],{"class":88},[74,14971,8955],{"class":92},[74,14973,122],{"class":88},[74,14975,679],{"class":106},[74,14977,7446],{"class":167},[74,14979,11171],{"class":106},[74,14981,14982,14984,14987,14989,14991,14993,14995],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,14983,11155],{"class":88},[74,14985,14986],{"class":92},"course",[74,14988,122],{"class":88},[74,14990,679],{"class":106},[74,14992,89],{"class":88},[74,14994,6951],{"class":92},[74,14996,96],{"class":88},[74,14998,14999],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,15000,8965],{"class":106},[74,15002,15003],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,15004,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,15006,15007,15009,15011,15013],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,15008,103],{"class":102},[74,15010,107],{"class":106},[74,15012,13283],{"class":110},[74,15014,260],{"class":106},[20,15016,15017],{},[332,15018,157],{},[65,15020,15022],{"className":67,"code":15021,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'course': 'Python'}\n",[15,15023,15024],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,15025,15026,15028,15030,15032,15034,15036,15038,15040,15042,15044,15046,15048,15050,15052,15054,15056,15058,15060,15062,15064,15066,15068,15070],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,15027,8934],{"class":106},[74,15029,2946],{"class":88},[74,15031,7323],{"class":92},[74,15033,2946],{"class":88},[74,15035,679],{"class":106},[74,15037,2941],{"class":88},[74,15039,12539],{"class":92},[74,15041,2946],{"class":88},[74,15043,249],{"class":106},[74,15045,2941],{"class":88},[74,15047,8955],{"class":92},[74,15049,2946],{"class":88},[74,15051,679],{"class":106},[74,15053,7446],{"class":167},[74,15055,249],{"class":106},[74,15057,2941],{"class":88},[74,15059,14986],{"class":92},[74,15061,2946],{"class":88},[74,15063,679],{"class":106},[74,15065,2941],{"class":88},[74,15067,6951],{"class":92},[74,15069,2946],{"class":88},[74,15071,8965],{"class":106},[262,15073,15075],{"id":15074},"syntax-rules","Syntax rules",[30,15077,15078,15083,15088,15091],{},[33,15079,176,15080,15082],{},[15,15081,3443],{}," to start and end the dictionary",[33,15084,15085,15086],{},"Write each item as ",[15,15087,14934],{},[33,15089,15090],{},"Separate items with commas",[33,15092,15093],{},"String keys are usually written in quotes",[20,15095,506],{},[65,15097,15099],{"className":67,"code":15098,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"book = {\n    \"title\": \"Python Basics\",\n    \"pages\": 150,\n    \"available\": True\n}\n\nprint(book)\n",[15,15100,15101,15110,15130,15146,15159,15163,15167],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,15102,15103,15106,15108],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,15104,15105],{"class":80},"book ",[74,15107,85],{"class":84},[74,15109,11150],{"class":106},[74,15111,15112,15114,15117,15119,15121,15123,15126,15128],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,15113,11155],{"class":88},[74,15115,15116],{"class":92},"title",[74,15118,122],{"class":88},[74,15120,679],{"class":106},[74,15122,89],{"class":88},[74,15124,15125],{"class":92},"Python Basics",[74,15127,122],{"class":88},[74,15129,11171],{"class":106},[74,15131,15132,15134,15137,15139,15141,15144],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,15133,11155],{"class":88},[74,15135,15136],{"class":92},"pages",[74,15138,122],{"class":88},[74,15140,679],{"class":106},[74,15142,15143],{"class":167}," 150",[74,15145,11171],{"class":106},[74,15147,15148,15150,15153,15155,15157],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,15149,11155],{"class":88},[74,15151,15152],{"class":92},"available",[74,15154,122],{"class":88},[74,15156,679],{"class":106},[74,15158,6076],{"class":3504},[74,15160,15161],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,15162,8965],{"class":106},[74,15164,15165],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,15166,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,15168,15169,15171,15173,15176],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,15170,103],{"class":102},[74,15172,107],{"class":106},[74,15174,15175],{"class":110},"book",[74,15177,260],{"class":106},[20,15179,15180],{},"This style is best when you already know the keys and values you want to add.",[60,15182,9059],{"id":9058},[20,15184,15185],{},"Sometimes you want to start with an empty dictionary and add items later.",[20,15187,15188],{},"You can create an empty dictionary in two ways:",[65,15190,15192],{"className":67,"code":15191,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"data = {}\nprint(data)\n",[15,15193,15194,15202],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,15195,15196,15198,15200],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,15197,8821],{"class":80},[74,15199,85],{"class":84},[74,15201,9495],{"class":106},[74,15203,15204,15206,15208,15210],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,15205,103],{"class":102},[74,15207,107],{"class":106},[74,15209,8860],{"class":110},[74,15211,260],{"class":106},[65,15213,15214],{"className":67,"code":9062,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,15215,15216,15226],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,15217,15218,15220,15222,15224],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,15219,8821],{"class":80},[74,15221,85],{"class":84},[74,15223,8826],{"class":1345},[74,15225,8299],{"class":106},[74,15227,15228,15230,15232,15234],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,15229,103],{"class":102},[74,15231,107],{"class":106},[74,15233,8860],{"class":110},[74,15235,260],{"class":106},[20,15237,15238],{},[332,15239,157],{},[65,15241,15242],{"className":67,"code":9091,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,15243,15244],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,15245,15246],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,15247,9091],{"class":106},[20,15249,15250],{},"Both are correct.",[262,15252,15254],{"id":15253},"important-beginner-note","Important beginner note",[20,15256,15257,15259,15260,15263],{},[15,15258,3443],{}," creates an empty ",[332,15261,15262],{},"dictionary",", not an empty set.",[20,15265,15266,15267,114],{},"If you want an empty set, you must use ",[15,15268,3448],{},[65,15270,15272],{"className":67,"code":15271,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"my_dict = {}\nmy_set = set()\n\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(type(my_set))\n",[15,15273,15274,15282,15294,15298,15312],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,15275,15276,15278,15280],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,15277,11382],{"class":80},[74,15279,85],{"class":84},[74,15281,9495],{"class":106},[74,15283,15284,15287,15289,15292],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,15285,15286],{"class":80},"my_set ",[74,15288,85],{"class":84},[74,15290,15291],{"class":1345}," set",[74,15293,8299],{"class":106},[74,15295,15296],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,15297,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,15299,15300,15302,15304,15306,15308,15310],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,15301,103],{"class":102},[74,15303,107],{"class":106},[74,15305,1346],{"class":1345},[74,15307,107],{"class":106},[74,15309,11108],{"class":110},[74,15311,130],{"class":106},[74,15313,15314,15316,15318,15320,15322,15325],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,15315,103],{"class":102},[74,15317,107],{"class":106},[74,15319,1346],{"class":1345},[74,15321,107],{"class":106},[74,15323,15324],{"class":110},"my_set",[74,15326,130],{"class":106},[20,15328,15329],{},[332,15330,157],{},[65,15332,15334],{"className":67,"code":15333,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,15335,15336,15350],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,15337,15338,15340,15342,15344,15346,15348],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,15339,2935],{"class":84},[74,15341,2938],{"class":1711},[74,15343,2941],{"class":88},[74,15345,8477],{"class":92},[74,15347,2946],{"class":88},[74,15349,2949],{"class":84},[74,15351,15352,15354,15356,15358,15360,15362],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,15353,2935],{"class":84},[74,15355,2938],{"class":1711},[74,15357,2941],{"class":88},[74,15359,5939],{"class":92},[74,15361,2946],{"class":88},[74,15363,2949],{"class":84},[60,15365,15367,15368],{"id":15366},"create-a-dictionary-with-dict","Create a dictionary with ",[15,15369,8775],{},[20,15371,15372,15373,15375],{},"You can also use ",[15,15374,8775],{}," to create a dictionary.",[20,15377,15378],{},"One simple way is with keyword arguments:",[65,15380,15382],{"className":67,"code":15381,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"student = dict(name=\"Ana\", age=20, active=True)\nprint(student)\n",[15,15383,15384,15424],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,15385,15386,15388,15390,15392,15394,15396,15398,15400,15402,15404,15406,15408,15410,15413,15415,15418,15420,15422],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,15387,12522],{"class":80},[74,15389,85],{"class":84},[74,15391,8826],{"class":1345},[74,15393,107],{"class":106},[74,15395,7323],{"class":8831},[74,15397,85],{"class":84},[74,15399,122],{"class":88},[74,15401,12539],{"class":92},[74,15403,122],{"class":88},[74,15405,249],{"class":106},[74,15407,8844],{"class":8831},[74,15409,85],{"class":84},[74,15411,15412],{"class":167},"20",[74,15414,249],{"class":106},[74,15416,15417],{"class":8831}," active",[74,15419,85],{"class":84},[74,15421,338],{"class":3504},[74,15423,260],{"class":106},[74,15425,15426,15428,15430,15432],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,15427,103],{"class":102},[74,15429,107],{"class":106},[74,15431,13283],{"class":110},[74,15433,260],{"class":106},[20,15435,15436],{},[332,15437,157],{},[65,15439,15441],{"className":67,"code":15440,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'active': True}\n",[15,15442,15443],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,15444,15445,15447,15449,15451,15453,15455,15457,15459,15461,15463,15465,15467,15469,15471,15473,15475,15477,15480,15482,15484,15486],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,15446,8934],{"class":106},[74,15448,2946],{"class":88},[74,15450,7323],{"class":92},[74,15452,2946],{"class":88},[74,15454,679],{"class":106},[74,15456,2941],{"class":88},[74,15458,12539],{"class":92},[74,15460,2946],{"class":88},[74,15462,249],{"class":106},[74,15464,2941],{"class":88},[74,15466,8955],{"class":92},[74,15468,2946],{"class":88},[74,15470,679],{"class":106},[74,15472,7446],{"class":167},[74,15474,249],{"class":106},[74,15476,2941],{"class":88},[74,15478,15479],{"class":92},"active",[74,15481,2946],{"class":88},[74,15483,679],{"class":106},[74,15485,3567],{"class":3504},[74,15487,8965],{"class":106},[20,15489,15490],{},"This can be easy to read for small dictionaries.",[262,15492,15494,15495],{"id":15493},"important-rule-for-dict","Important rule for ",[15,15496,8775],{},[20,15498,15499],{},"When using keyword arguments:",[30,15501,15502,15505],{},[33,15503,15504],{},"keys must be valid Python names",[33,15506,15507],{},"you do not put quotes around the keys",[20,15509,6341],{},[65,15511,15513],{"className":67,"code":15512,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"user = dict(name=\"Sam\", age=25)\nprint(user)\n",[15,15514,15515,15545],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,15516,15517,15519,15521,15523,15525,15527,15529,15531,15533,15535,15537,15539,15541,15543],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,15518,11145],{"class":80},[74,15520,85],{"class":84},[74,15522,8826],{"class":1345},[74,15524,107],{"class":106},[74,15526,7323],{"class":8831},[74,15528,85],{"class":84},[74,15530,122],{"class":88},[74,15532,7332],{"class":92},[74,15534,122],{"class":88},[74,15536,249],{"class":106},[74,15538,8844],{"class":8831},[74,15540,85],{"class":84},[74,15542,8849],{"class":167},[74,15544,260],{"class":106},[74,15546,15547,15549,15551,15553],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,15548,103],{"class":102},[74,15550,107],{"class":106},[74,15552,11239],{"class":110},[74,15554,260],{"class":106},[20,15556,4279,15557,15559],{},[332,15558,334],{}," work as keyword syntax:",[65,15561,15563],{"className":67,"code":15562,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"# dict(first-name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,15564,15565],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,15566,15567],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,15568,15562],{"class":3314},[20,15570,15571],{},"That key is not a valid Python name because it contains a hyphen.",[20,15573,15574],{},"If your keys are not valid Python names, use curly braces instead:",[65,15576,15578],{"className":67,"code":15577,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"user = {\n    \"first-name\": \"Sam\"\n}\n\nprint(user)\n",[15,15579,15580,15588,15604,15608,15612],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,15581,15582,15584,15586],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,15583,11145],{"class":80},[74,15585,85],{"class":84},[74,15587,11150],{"class":106},[74,15589,15590,15592,15594,15596,15598,15600,15602],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,15591,11155],{"class":88},[74,15593,10153],{"class":92},[74,15595,122],{"class":88},[74,15597,679],{"class":106},[74,15599,89],{"class":88},[74,15601,7332],{"class":92},[74,15603,96],{"class":88},[74,15605,15606],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,15607,8965],{"class":106},[74,15609,15610],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,15611,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,15613,15614,15616,15618,15620],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,15615,103],{"class":102},[74,15617,107],{"class":106},[74,15619,11239],{"class":110},[74,15621,260],{"class":106},[60,15623,9101],{"id":9100},[20,15625,15626,15628],{},[15,15627,8775],{}," can also build a dictionary from key-value pairs.",[20,15630,15631],{},"This is useful when your data already exists as pairs, such as a list of tuples.",[65,15633,15635],{"className":67,"code":15634,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"pairs = [(\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20), (\"city\", \"Lima\")]\n\nstudent = dict(pairs)\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,15636,15637,15694,15698,15712,15716],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,15638,15639,15641,15643,15645,15647,15649,15651,15653,15655,15657,15659,15661,15663,15665,15667,15669,15671,15673,15675,15677,15679,15681,15683,15685,15687,15690,15692],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,15640,8871],{"class":80},[74,15642,85],{"class":84},[74,15644,8876],{"class":106},[74,15646,122],{"class":88},[74,15648,7323],{"class":92},[74,15650,122],{"class":88},[74,15652,249],{"class":106},[74,15654,89],{"class":88},[74,15656,12539],{"class":92},[74,15658,122],{"class":88},[74,15660,8889],{"class":106},[74,15662,8892],{"class":106},[74,15664,122],{"class":88},[74,15666,8955],{"class":92},[74,15668,122],{"class":88},[74,15670,249],{"class":106},[74,15672,7446],{"class":167},[74,15674,8889],{"class":106},[74,15676,8892],{"class":106},[74,15678,122],{"class":88},[74,15680,10066],{"class":92},[74,15682,122],{"class":88},[74,15684,249],{"class":106},[74,15686,89],{"class":88},[74,15688,15689],{"class":92},"Lima",[74,15691,122],{"class":88},[74,15693,8905],{"class":106},[74,15695,15696],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,15697,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,15699,15700,15702,15704,15706,15708,15710],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,15701,12522],{"class":80},[74,15703,85],{"class":84},[74,15705,8826],{"class":1345},[74,15707,107],{"class":106},[74,15709,8918],{"class":110},[74,15711,260],{"class":106},[74,15713,15714],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,15715,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,15717,15718,15720,15722,15724],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,15719,103],{"class":102},[74,15721,107],{"class":106},[74,15723,13283],{"class":110},[74,15725,260],{"class":106},[20,15727,15728],{},[332,15729,157],{},[65,15731,15733],{"className":67,"code":15732,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,15734,15735],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,15736,15737,15739,15741,15743,15745,15747,15749,15751,15753,15755,15757,15759,15761,15763,15765,15767,15769,15771,15773,15775,15777,15779,15781],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,15738,8934],{"class":106},[74,15740,2946],{"class":88},[74,15742,7323],{"class":92},[74,15744,2946],{"class":88},[74,15746,679],{"class":106},[74,15748,2941],{"class":88},[74,15750,12539],{"class":92},[74,15752,2946],{"class":88},[74,15754,249],{"class":106},[74,15756,2941],{"class":88},[74,15758,8955],{"class":92},[74,15760,2946],{"class":88},[74,15762,679],{"class":106},[74,15764,7446],{"class":167},[74,15766,249],{"class":106},[74,15768,2941],{"class":88},[74,15770,10066],{"class":92},[74,15772,2946],{"class":88},[74,15774,679],{"class":106},[74,15776,2941],{"class":88},[74,15778,15689],{"class":92},[74,15780,2946],{"class":88},[74,15782,8965],{"class":106},[20,15784,15785],{},"You can also use tuples directly:",[65,15787,15789],{"className":67,"code":15788,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"student = dict(((\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20)))\nprint(student)\n",[15,15790,15791,15832],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,15792,15793,15795,15797,15799,15802,15804,15806,15808,15810,15812,15814,15816,15818,15820,15822,15824,15826,15828,15830],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,15794,12522],{"class":80},[74,15796,85],{"class":84},[74,15798,8826],{"class":1345},[74,15800,15801],{"class":106},"(((",[74,15803,122],{"class":88},[74,15805,7323],{"class":92},[74,15807,122],{"class":88},[74,15809,249],{"class":106},[74,15811,89],{"class":88},[74,15813,12539],{"class":92},[74,15815,122],{"class":88},[74,15817,8889],{"class":106},[74,15819,8892],{"class":106},[74,15821,122],{"class":88},[74,15823,8955],{"class":92},[74,15825,122],{"class":88},[74,15827,249],{"class":106},[74,15829,7446],{"class":167},[74,15831,2555],{"class":106},[74,15833,15834,15836,15838,15840],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,15835,103],{"class":102},[74,15837,107],{"class":106},[74,15839,13283],{"class":110},[74,15841,260],{"class":106},[20,15843,15844],{},"This approach is helpful when you receive data in pair form and want to turn it into a dictionary.",[60,15846,15848],{"id":15847},"rules-beginners-should-know","Rules beginners should know",[20,15850,15851],{},"Here are a few important dictionary rules:",[30,15853,15854,15857,15860,15863],{},[33,15855,15856],{},"Keys must be unique",[33,15858,15859],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value replaces earlier ones",[33,15861,15862],{},"Values can repeat",[33,15864,15865],{},"Keys are often strings, but other immutable types can also be keys",[262,15867,15869],{"id":15868},"duplicate-key-example","Duplicate key example",[65,15871,15873],{"className":67,"code":15872,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"data = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"name\": \"Maria\"\n}\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,15874,15875,15883,15901,15918,15922,15926],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,15876,15877,15879,15881],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,15878,8821],{"class":80},[74,15880,85],{"class":84},[74,15882,11150],{"class":106},[74,15884,15885,15887,15889,15891,15893,15895,15897,15899],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,15886,11155],{"class":88},[74,15888,7323],{"class":92},[74,15890,122],{"class":88},[74,15892,679],{"class":106},[74,15894,89],{"class":88},[74,15896,12539],{"class":92},[74,15898,122],{"class":88},[74,15900,11171],{"class":106},[74,15902,15903,15905,15907,15909,15911,15913,15916],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,15904,11155],{"class":88},[74,15906,7323],{"class":92},[74,15908,122],{"class":88},[74,15910,679],{"class":106},[74,15912,89],{"class":88},[74,15914,15915],{"class":92},"Maria",[74,15917,96],{"class":88},[74,15919,15920],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,15921,8965],{"class":106},[74,15923,15924],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,15925,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,15927,15928,15930,15932,15934],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,15929,103],{"class":102},[74,15931,107],{"class":106},[74,15933,8860],{"class":110},[74,15935,260],{"class":106},[20,15937,15938],{},[332,15939,157],{},[65,15941,15943],{"className":67,"code":15942,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"{'name': 'Maria'}\n",[15,15944,15945],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,15946,15947,15949,15951,15953,15955,15957,15959,15961,15963],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,15948,8934],{"class":106},[74,15950,2946],{"class":88},[74,15952,7323],{"class":92},[74,15954,2946],{"class":88},[74,15956,679],{"class":106},[74,15958,2941],{"class":88},[74,15960,15915],{"class":92},[74,15962,2946],{"class":88},[74,15964,8965],{"class":106},[20,15966,15967],{},"Only the last value is kept.",[262,15969,15971],{"id":15970},"keys-can-be-numbers-too","Keys can be numbers too",[65,15973,15975],{"className":67,"code":15974,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"scores = {\n    1: \"low\",\n    2: \"medium\",\n    3: \"high\"\n}\n\nprint(scores)\n",[15,15976,15977,15985,16001,16017,16031,16035,16039],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,15978,15979,15981,15983],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,15980,4715],{"class":80},[74,15982,85],{"class":84},[74,15984,11150],{"class":106},[74,15986,15987,15990,15992,15994,15997,15999],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,15988,15989],{"class":167},"    1",[74,15991,679],{"class":106},[74,15993,89],{"class":88},[74,15995,15996],{"class":92},"low",[74,15998,122],{"class":88},[74,16000,11171],{"class":106},[74,16002,16003,16006,16008,16010,16013,16015],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,16004,16005],{"class":167},"    2",[74,16007,679],{"class":106},[74,16009,89],{"class":88},[74,16011,16012],{"class":92},"medium",[74,16014,122],{"class":88},[74,16016,11171],{"class":106},[74,16018,16019,16022,16024,16026,16029],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,16020,16021],{"class":167},"    3",[74,16023,679],{"class":106},[74,16025,89],{"class":88},[74,16027,16028],{"class":92},"high",[74,16030,96],{"class":88},[74,16032,16033],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,16034,8965],{"class":106},[74,16036,16037],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,16038,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,16040,16041,16043,16045,16048],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,16042,103],{"class":102},[74,16044,107],{"class":106},[74,16046,16047],{"class":110},"scores",[74,16049,260],{"class":106},[262,16051,16053],{"id":16052},"mutable-types-cannot-be-keys","Mutable types cannot be keys",[20,16055,16056],{},"A list cannot be a dictionary key because lists are mutable.",[20,16058,16059],{},"This will cause an error:",[65,16061,16063],{"className":67,"code":16062,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"# bad = {\n#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n# }\n",[15,16064,16065,16070,16075],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,16066,16067],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,16068,16069],{"class":3314},"# bad = {\n",[74,16071,16072],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,16073,16074],{"class":3314},"#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n",[74,16076,16077],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,16078,16079],{"class":3314},"# }\n",[20,16081,16082],{},"But a tuple can be used as a key because tuples are immutable:",[65,16084,16086],{"className":67,"code":16085,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"good = {\n    (1, 2): \"numbers\"\n}\n\nprint(good)\n",[15,16087,16088,16097,16117,16121,16125],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,16089,16090,16093,16095],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,16091,16092],{"class":80},"good ",[74,16094,85],{"class":84},[74,16096,11150],{"class":106},[74,16098,16099,16102,16104,16106,16108,16111,16113,16115],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,16100,16101],{"class":106},"    (",[74,16103,2632],{"class":167},[74,16105,249],{"class":106},[74,16107,620],{"class":167},[74,16109,16110],{"class":106},"):",[74,16112,89],{"class":88},[74,16114,3298],{"class":92},[74,16116,96],{"class":88},[74,16118,16119],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,16120,8965],{"class":106},[74,16122,16123],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,16124,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,16126,16127,16129,16131,16134],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,16128,103],{"class":102},[74,16130,107],{"class":106},[74,16132,16133],{"class":110},"good",[74,16135,260],{"class":106},[60,16137,16139],{"id":16138},"when-to-use-a-dictionary","When to use a dictionary",[20,16141,16142],{},"Use a dictionary when each value has a label.",[20,16144,16145],{},"Dictionaries are a good choice for:",[30,16147,16148,16151,16153,16156],{},[33,16149,16150],{},"user data",[33,16152,13542],{},[33,16154,16155],{},"counters",[33,16157,16158],{},"lookups",[20,16160,506],{},[65,16162,16164],{"className":67,"code":16163,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"user = {\n    \"username\": \"ana123\",\n    \"email\": \"ana@example.com\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\nprint(user[\"email\"])\n",[15,16165,16166,16174,16193,16212,16224,16228,16232],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,16167,16168,16170,16172],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,16169,11145],{"class":80},[74,16171,85],{"class":84},[74,16173,11150],{"class":106},[74,16175,16176,16178,16180,16182,16184,16186,16189,16191],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,16177,11155],{"class":88},[74,16179,7642],{"class":92},[74,16181,122],{"class":88},[74,16183,679],{"class":106},[74,16185,89],{"class":88},[74,16187,16188],{"class":92},"ana123",[74,16190,122],{"class":88},[74,16192,11171],{"class":106},[74,16194,16195,16197,16199,16201,16203,16205,16208,16210],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,16196,11155],{"class":88},[74,16198,14916],{"class":92},[74,16200,122],{"class":88},[74,16202,679],{"class":106},[74,16204,89],{"class":88},[74,16206,16207],{"class":92},"ana@example.com",[74,16209,122],{"class":88},[74,16211,11171],{"class":106},[74,16213,16214,16216,16218,16220,16222],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,16215,11155],{"class":88},[74,16217,12173],{"class":92},[74,16219,122],{"class":88},[74,16221,679],{"class":106},[74,16223,6076],{"class":3504},[74,16225,16226],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,16227,8965],{"class":106},[74,16229,16230],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,16231,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,16233,16234,16236,16238,16240,16242,16244,16246,16248],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,16235,103],{"class":102},[74,16237,107],{"class":106},[74,16239,11239],{"class":110},[74,16241,742],{"class":106},[74,16243,122],{"class":88},[74,16245,14916],{"class":92},[74,16247,122],{"class":88},[74,16249,751],{"class":106},[20,16251,16252,16253,114],{},"If you want to learn how to read values from a dictionary, see ",[125,16254,16256],{"href":16255},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-access-values-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to access values in a dictionary in Python",[20,16258,16259],{},"A list is usually a better choice when:",[30,16261,16262,16265,16268],{},[33,16263,16264],{},"labels are not needed",[33,16266,16267],{},"you mostly care about position",[33,16269,16270],{},"order matters more than named fields",[60,16272,914],{"id":913},[20,16274,16275],{},"Beginners often make these mistakes when creating dictionaries:",[30,16277,16278,16281,16284,16287,16290],{},[33,16279,16280],{},"Using commas instead of colons between keys and values",[33,16282,16283],{},"Forgetting quotes around string keys when needed",[33,16285,16286],{},"Repeating the same key and expecting both values to stay",[33,16288,16289],{},"Using a mutable type like a list as a dictionary key",[33,16291,16292,16293,16295],{},"Mixing up ",[15,16294,3443],{}," for dictionaries and sets",[262,16297,16299],{"id":16298},"mistake-using-a-comma-instead-of-a-colon","Mistake: using a comma instead of a colon",[20,16301,16302],{},"Wrong:",[65,16304,16306],{"className":67,"code":16305,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"# student = {\"name\", \"Ana\"}\n",[15,16307,16308],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,16309,16310],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,16311,16305],{"class":3314},[20,16313,16314],{},"Correct:",[65,16316,16318],{"className":67,"code":16317,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student)\n",[15,16319,16320,16344],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,16321,16322,16324,16326,16328,16330,16332,16334,16336,16338,16340,16342],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,16323,12522],{"class":80},[74,16325,85],{"class":84},[74,16327,10148],{"class":106},[74,16329,122],{"class":88},[74,16331,7323],{"class":92},[74,16333,122],{"class":88},[74,16335,679],{"class":106},[74,16337,89],{"class":88},[74,16339,12539],{"class":92},[74,16341,122],{"class":88},[74,16343,8965],{"class":106},[74,16345,16346,16348,16350,16352],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,16347,103],{"class":102},[74,16349,107],{"class":106},[74,16351,13283],{"class":110},[74,16353,260],{"class":106},[262,16355,16357],{"id":16356},"mistake-forgetting-quotes-around-a-string-key","Mistake: forgetting quotes around a string key",[20,16359,16302],{},[65,16361,16363],{"className":67,"code":16362,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"# student = {name: \"Ana\"}\n",[15,16364,16365],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,16366,16367],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,16368,16362],{"class":3314},[20,16370,16371,16372,16374,16375,16377],{},"This only works if ",[15,16373,7323],{}," is already a variable. If you want the key to be the text ",[15,16376,14897],{},", use quotes.",[20,16379,16314],{},[65,16381,16382],{"className":67,"code":16317,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,16383,16384,16408],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,16385,16386,16388,16390,16392,16394,16396,16398,16400,16402,16404,16406],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,16387,12522],{"class":80},[74,16389,85],{"class":84},[74,16391,10148],{"class":106},[74,16393,122],{"class":88},[74,16395,7323],{"class":92},[74,16397,122],{"class":88},[74,16399,679],{"class":106},[74,16401,89],{"class":88},[74,16403,12539],{"class":92},[74,16405,122],{"class":88},[74,16407,8965],{"class":106},[74,16409,16410,16412,16414,16416],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,16411,103],{"class":102},[74,16413,107],{"class":106},[74,16415,13283],{"class":110},[74,16417,260],{"class":106},[262,16419,16421],{"id":16420},"mistake-expecting-duplicate-keys-to-stay","Mistake: expecting duplicate keys to stay",[65,16423,16425],{"className":67,"code":16424,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"data = {\"age\": 20, \"age\": 30}\nprint(data)\n",[15,16426,16427,16459],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,16428,16429,16431,16433,16435,16437,16439,16441,16443,16445,16447,16449,16451,16453,16455,16457],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,16430,8821],{"class":80},[74,16432,85],{"class":84},[74,16434,10148],{"class":106},[74,16436,122],{"class":88},[74,16438,8955],{"class":92},[74,16440,122],{"class":88},[74,16442,679],{"class":106},[74,16444,7446],{"class":167},[74,16446,249],{"class":106},[74,16448,89],{"class":88},[74,16450,8955],{"class":92},[74,16452,122],{"class":88},[74,16454,679],{"class":106},[74,16456,7451],{"class":167},[74,16458,8965],{"class":106},[74,16460,16461,16463,16465,16467],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,16462,103],{"class":102},[74,16464,107],{"class":106},[74,16466,8860],{"class":110},[74,16468,260],{"class":106},[20,16470,16471],{},[332,16472,157],{},[65,16474,16476],{"className":67,"code":16475,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"{'age': 30}\n",[15,16477,16478],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,16479,16480,16482,16484,16486,16488,16490,16492],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,16481,8934],{"class":106},[74,16483,2946],{"class":88},[74,16485,8955],{"class":92},[74,16487,2946],{"class":88},[74,16489,679],{"class":106},[74,16491,7451],{"class":167},[74,16493,8965],{"class":106},[60,16495,16497],{"id":16496},"helpful-checks-while-learning","Helpful checks while learning",[20,16499,16500],{},"These quick commands can help you inspect a dictionary:",[65,16502,16504],{"className":67,"code":16503,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(len(my_dict))\n",[15,16505,16506,16542,16546,16556,16570,16585,16599],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,16507,16508,16510,16512,16514,16516,16518,16520,16522,16524,16526,16528,16530,16532,16534,16536,16538,16540],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,16509,11382],{"class":80},[74,16511,85],{"class":84},[74,16513,10148],{"class":106},[74,16515,122],{"class":88},[74,16517,7323],{"class":92},[74,16519,122],{"class":88},[74,16521,679],{"class":106},[74,16523,89],{"class":88},[74,16525,12539],{"class":92},[74,16527,122],{"class":88},[74,16529,249],{"class":106},[74,16531,89],{"class":88},[74,16533,8955],{"class":92},[74,16535,122],{"class":88},[74,16537,679],{"class":106},[74,16539,7446],{"class":167},[74,16541,8965],{"class":106},[74,16543,16544],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,16545,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,16547,16548,16550,16552,16554],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,16549,103],{"class":102},[74,16551,107],{"class":106},[74,16553,11108],{"class":110},[74,16555,260],{"class":106},[74,16557,16558,16560,16562,16564,16566,16568],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,16559,103],{"class":102},[74,16561,107],{"class":106},[74,16563,1346],{"class":1345},[74,16565,107],{"class":106},[74,16567,11108],{"class":110},[74,16569,130],{"class":106},[74,16571,16572,16574,16576,16578,16580,16583],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,16573,103],{"class":102},[74,16575,107],{"class":106},[74,16577,11108],{"class":110},[74,16579,114],{"class":106},[74,16581,16582],{"class":110},"keys",[74,16584,6848],{"class":106},[74,16586,16587,16589,16591,16593,16595,16597],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,16588,103],{"class":102},[74,16590,107],{"class":106},[74,16592,11108],{"class":110},[74,16594,114],{"class":106},[74,16596,5008],{"class":110},[74,16598,6848],{"class":106},[74,16600,16601,16603,16605,16607,16609,16611],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,16602,103],{"class":102},[74,16604,107],{"class":106},[74,16606,10820],{"class":102},[74,16608,107],{"class":106},[74,16610,11108],{"class":110},[74,16612,130],{"class":106},[20,16614,16615],{},[332,16616,16617],{},"Example output:",[65,16619,16621],{"className":67,"code":16620,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\ndict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\n2\n",[15,16622,16623,16655,16669,16692,16711],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,16624,16625,16627,16629,16631,16633,16635,16637,16639,16641,16643,16645,16647,16649,16651,16653],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,16626,8934],{"class":106},[74,16628,2946],{"class":88},[74,16630,7323],{"class":92},[74,16632,2946],{"class":88},[74,16634,679],{"class":106},[74,16636,2941],{"class":88},[74,16638,12539],{"class":92},[74,16640,2946],{"class":88},[74,16642,249],{"class":106},[74,16644,2941],{"class":88},[74,16646,8955],{"class":92},[74,16648,2946],{"class":88},[74,16650,679],{"class":106},[74,16652,7446],{"class":167},[74,16654,8965],{"class":106},[74,16656,16657,16659,16661,16663,16665,16667],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,16658,2935],{"class":84},[74,16660,2938],{"class":1711},[74,16662,2941],{"class":88},[74,16664,8477],{"class":92},[74,16666,2946],{"class":88},[74,16668,2949],{"class":84},[74,16670,16671,16674,16676,16678,16680,16682,16684,16686,16688,16690],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,16672,16673],{"class":110},"dict_keys",[74,16675,2629],{"class":106},[74,16677,2946],{"class":88},[74,16679,7323],{"class":92},[74,16681,2946],{"class":88},[74,16683,249],{"class":106},[74,16685,2941],{"class":88},[74,16687,8955],{"class":92},[74,16689,2946],{"class":88},[74,16691,751],{"class":106},[74,16693,16694,16697,16699,16701,16703,16705,16707,16709],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,16695,16696],{"class":110},"dict_values",[74,16698,2629],{"class":106},[74,16700,2946],{"class":88},[74,16702,12539],{"class":92},[74,16704,2946],{"class":88},[74,16706,249],{"class":106},[74,16708,7446],{"class":167},[74,16710,751],{"class":106},[74,16712,16713],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,16714,173],{"class":167},[20,16716,16717,16718,220,16724,16730,16731,114],{},"If you want to learn these methods in more detail, see ",[125,16719,10395,16721],{"href":16720},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method\u002F",[15,16722,16723],{},"keys()",[125,16725,10395,16727],{"href":16726},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method\u002F",[15,16728,16729],{},"values()",", and ",[125,16732,10395,16734],{"href":16733},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method\u002F",[15,16735,16736],{},"items()",[60,16738,1471],{"id":1470},[262,16740,16742],{"id":16741},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-dictionary-in-python","How do I create an empty dictionary in Python?",[20,16744,176,16745,339,16747,16749],{},[15,16746,3443],{},[15,16748,8775],{},". Both create an empty dictionary.",[262,16751,16753],{"id":16752},"what-is-the-easiest-way-to-create-a-dictionary","What is the easiest way to create a dictionary?",[20,16755,16756,16757,114],{},"The easiest way is usually curly braces with key-value pairs, like ",[15,16758,16759],{},"{\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}",[262,16761,16763],{"id":16762},"can-dictionary-keys-be-numbers","Can dictionary keys be numbers?",[20,16765,16766],{},"Yes. Keys can be numbers, strings, tuples, and other immutable types.",[262,16768,16770],{"id":16769},"can-a-dictionary-have-duplicate-keys","Can a dictionary have duplicate keys?",[20,16772,16773],{},"A dictionary can be written with duplicate keys, but only the last value for that key is kept.",[262,16775,4828,16777,51,16779,2135],{"id":16776},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-dict",[15,16778,3443],{},[15,16780,8775],{},[20,16782,16783,16785,16786,16788],{},[15,16784,3443],{}," is the most common literal syntax. ",[15,16787,8775],{}," is a constructor and is useful for empty dictionaries, keyword arguments, or key-value pair data.",[60,16790,1527],{"id":1526},[30,16792,16793,16797,16803,16807,16813],{},[33,16794,16795],{},[125,16796,8811],{"href":8810},[33,16798,16799],{},[125,16800,10395,16801,10399],{"href":10394},[15,16802,10398],{},[33,16804,16805],{},[125,16806,10910],{"href":10389},[33,16808,16809],{},[125,16810,16812],{"href":16811},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-key-exists-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[33,16814,16815],{},[125,16816,10921],{"href":10732},[20,16818,16819],{},"Next step: learn how to access, add, and safely read dictionary values.",[1566,16821,16822],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":70,"searchDepth":99,"depth":99,"links":16824},[16825,16826,16827,16828,16831,16834,16839,16840,16845,16846,16851,16852,16860],{"id":62,"depth":99,"text":63},{"id":14819,"depth":99,"text":14820},{"id":14837,"depth":99,"text":14825},{"id":14922,"depth":99,"text":14923,"children":16829},[16830],{"id":15074,"depth":133,"text":15075},{"id":9058,"depth":99,"text":9059,"children":16832},[16833],{"id":15253,"depth":133,"text":15254},{"id":15366,"depth":99,"text":16835,"children":16836},"Create a dictionary with dict()",[16837],{"id":15493,"depth":133,"text":16838},"Important rule for dict()",{"id":9100,"depth":99,"text":9101},{"id":15847,"depth":99,"text":15848,"children":16841},[16842,16843,16844],{"id":15868,"depth":133,"text":15869},{"id":15970,"depth":133,"text":15971},{"id":16052,"depth":133,"text":16053},{"id":16138,"depth":99,"text":16139},{"id":913,"depth":99,"text":914,"children":16847},[16848,16849,16850],{"id":16298,"depth":133,"text":16299},{"id":16356,"depth":133,"text":16357},{"id":16420,"depth":133,"text":16421},{"id":16496,"depth":99,"text":16497},{"id":1470,"depth":99,"text":1471,"children":16853},[16854,16855,16856,16857,16858],{"id":16741,"depth":133,"text":16742},{"id":16752,"depth":133,"text":16753},{"id":16762,"depth":133,"text":16763},{"id":16769,"depth":133,"text":16770},{"id":16776,"depth":133,"text":16859},"What is the difference between {} and dict()?",{"id":1526,"depth":99,"text":1527},"Master python dictionary creating a dictionary in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":14662,"description":16861},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary","O7TVqwZDB3TCnmmRLHQ65qMF8VSifRb5cK3N-83y3Fg",{"id":16867,"title":16868,"body":16869,"description":19315,"extension":1610,"meta":19316,"navigation":407,"path":19317,"seo":19318,"stem":19319,"__hash__":19320},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method.md","Python Dictionary fromkeys() Method",{"type":7,"value":16870,"toc":19271},[16871,16877,16883,16886,16889,16891,16973,16979,16984,16988,17006,17018,17023,17027,17050,17052,17064,17072,17074,17080,17082,17085,17160,17162,17207,17209,17226,17231,17237,17242,17316,17318,17363,17366,17377,17379,17498,17500,17553,17560,17564,17567,17584,17590,17594,17692,17694,17746,17752,17756,17762,17765,17768,17795,17800,17804,17807,17911,17913,17958,17961,17964,17969,17974,17985,17987,18048,18108,18114,18122,18128,18133,18138,18198,18202,18269,18272,18276,18347,18350,18363,18370,18372,18376,18380,18451,18453,18490,18493,18496,18559,18566,18569,18611,18621,18624,18693,18699,18704,18788,18790,18839,18846,18852,18897,18899,18932,18937,18941,18947,18986,19030,19098,19141,19143,19149,19152,19156,19161,19165,19168,19172,19174,19235,19237,19263,19268],[10,16872,10977,16874,18],{"id":16873},"python-dictionary-fromkeys-method",[15,16875,16876],{},"fromkeys()",[20,16878,16879,16882],{},[15,16880,16881],{},"dict.fromkeys()"," creates a new dictionary from a group of keys.",[20,16884,16885],{},"It is useful when you already know the keys you want, and every key should start with the same value.",[20,16887,16888],{},"One important beginner mistake to watch for is using a mutable value like a list or dictionary. In that case, all keys share the same object.",[60,16890,63],{"id":62},[65,16892,16894],{"className":67,"code":16893,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nperson = dict.fromkeys(keys, \"unknown\")\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[15,16895,16896,16929,16957,16968],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,16897,16898,16901,16903,16905,16907,16909,16911,16913,16915,16917,16919,16921,16923,16925,16927],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,16899,16900],{"class":80},"keys ",[74,16902,85],{"class":84},[74,16904,3271],{"class":106},[74,16906,122],{"class":88},[74,16908,7323],{"class":92},[74,16910,122],{"class":88},[74,16912,249],{"class":106},[74,16914,89],{"class":88},[74,16916,8955],{"class":92},[74,16918,122],{"class":88},[74,16920,249],{"class":106},[74,16922,89],{"class":88},[74,16924,10066],{"class":92},[74,16926,122],{"class":88},[74,16928,3284],{"class":106},[74,16930,16931,16933,16935,16937,16939,16942,16944,16946,16948,16950,16953,16955],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,16932,12861],{"class":80},[74,16934,85],{"class":84},[74,16936,8826],{"class":1345},[74,16938,114],{"class":106},[74,16940,16941],{"class":110},"fromkeys",[74,16943,107],{"class":106},[74,16945,16582],{"class":110},[74,16947,249],{"class":106},[74,16949,89],{"class":88},[74,16951,16952],{"class":92},"unknown",[74,16954,122],{"class":88},[74,16956,260],{"class":106},[74,16958,16959,16961,16963,16966],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,16960,103],{"class":102},[74,16962,107],{"class":106},[74,16964,16965],{"class":110},"person",[74,16967,260],{"class":106},[74,16969,16970],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,16971,16972],{"class":3314},"# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[20,16974,176,16975,16978],{},[15,16976,16977],{},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)"," to create a new dictionary where each key starts with the same value.",[60,16980,3328,16982,38],{"id":16981},"what-dictfromkeys-does",[15,16983,16881],{},[20,16985,16986,679],{},[15,16987,16881],{},[30,16989,16990,16993,16996,16999],{},[33,16991,16992],{},"Creates a new dictionary from a sequence of keys",[33,16994,16995],{},"Assigns the same value to every key",[33,16997,16998],{},"Returns a new dictionary",[33,17000,17001,17002,17005],{},"Is called as ",[15,17003,17004],{},"dict.fromkeys(...)",", not on an existing dictionary",[20,17007,17008,17009,17011,17012,17014,17015,114],{},"This is a class method on ",[15,17010,8477],{},", so you write ",[15,17013,17004],{}," instead of something like ",[15,17016,17017],{},"my_dict.fromkeys(...)",[20,17019,17020,17021,114],{},"If you need a refresher on dictionaries first, see ",[125,17022,8811],{"href":12680},[60,17024,17026],{"id":17025},"syntax-and-parameters","Syntax and parameters",[65,17028,17030],{"className":67,"code":17029,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)\n",[15,17031,17032],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,17033,17034,17036,17038,17040,17042,17044,17046,17048],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,17035,8477],{"class":1345},[74,17037,114],{"class":106},[74,17039,16941],{"class":110},[74,17041,107],{"class":106},[74,17043,3371],{"class":110},[74,17045,249],{"class":106},[74,17047,8091],{"class":110},[74,17049,260],{"class":106},[262,17051,265],{"id":264},[30,17053,17054,17059],{},[33,17055,17056,17058],{},[15,17057,3371],{},": the keys to use",[33,17060,17061,17063],{},[15,17062,246],{},": optional starting value for every key",[20,17065,17066,17067,17069,17070,114],{},"If you leave out ",[15,17068,246],{},", each key gets ",[15,17071,3429],{},[262,17073,305],{"id":304},[20,17075,17076,17077,114],{},"It returns a ",[332,17078,17079],{},"new dictionary",[60,17081,5438],{"id":5437},[20,17083,17084],{},"Here is a simple example using a list of strings as keys:",[65,17086,17088],{"className":67,"code":17087,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"keys = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,17089,17090,17123,17145,17149],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,17091,17092,17094,17096,17098,17100,17102,17104,17106,17108,17111,17113,17115,17117,17119,17121],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,17093,16900],{"class":80},[74,17095,85],{"class":84},[74,17097,3271],{"class":106},[74,17099,122],{"class":88},[74,17101,12749],{"class":92},[74,17103,122],{"class":88},[74,17105,249],{"class":106},[74,17107,89],{"class":88},[74,17109,17110],{"class":92},"green",[74,17112,122],{"class":88},[74,17114,249],{"class":106},[74,17116,89],{"class":88},[74,17118,12766],{"class":92},[74,17120,122],{"class":88},[74,17122,3284],{"class":106},[74,17124,17125,17127,17129,17131,17133,17135,17137,17139,17141,17143],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,17126,12732],{"class":80},[74,17128,85],{"class":84},[74,17130,8826],{"class":1345},[74,17132,114],{"class":106},[74,17134,16941],{"class":110},[74,17136,107],{"class":106},[74,17138,16582],{"class":110},[74,17140,249],{"class":106},[74,17142,3485],{"class":167},[74,17144,260],{"class":106},[74,17146,17147],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,17148,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,17150,17151,17153,17155,17158],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,17152,103],{"class":102},[74,17154,107],{"class":106},[74,17156,17157],{"class":110},"colors",[74,17159,260],{"class":106},[20,17161,157],{},[65,17163,17165],{"className":67,"code":17164,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"{'red': 0, 'green': 0, 'blue': 0}\n",[15,17166,17167],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,17168,17169,17171,17173,17175,17177,17179,17181,17183,17185,17187,17189,17191,17193,17195,17197,17199,17201,17203,17205],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,17170,8934],{"class":106},[74,17172,2946],{"class":88},[74,17174,12749],{"class":92},[74,17176,2946],{"class":88},[74,17178,679],{"class":106},[74,17180,3485],{"class":167},[74,17182,249],{"class":106},[74,17184,2941],{"class":88},[74,17186,17110],{"class":92},[74,17188,2946],{"class":88},[74,17190,679],{"class":106},[74,17192,3485],{"class":167},[74,17194,249],{"class":106},[74,17196,2941],{"class":88},[74,17198,12766],{"class":92},[74,17200,2946],{"class":88},[74,17202,679],{"class":106},[74,17204,3485],{"class":167},[74,17206,8965],{"class":106},[20,17208,11341],{},[30,17210,17211,17216,17221],{},[33,17212,17213,17215],{},[15,17214,16582],{}," contains the dictionary keys",[33,17217,17218,17220],{},[15,17219,327],{}," is used as the starting value for every key",[33,17222,17223,17225],{},[15,17224,16881],{}," returns the new dictionary",[20,17227,17228,17229,114],{},"If you want to learn more ways to create dictionaries, see ",[125,17230,9048],{"href":12683},[60,17232,571,17234,17236],{"id":17233},"using-fromkeys-without-a-value",[15,17235,16876],{}," without a value",[20,17238,17239,17240,114],{},"If you do not pass the second argument, the default value is ",[15,17241,3429],{},[65,17243,17245],{"className":67,"code":17244,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,17246,17247,17281,17301,17305],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,17248,17249,17252,17254,17256,17258,17260,17262,17264,17266,17268,17270,17272,17274,17277,17279],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,17250,17251],{"class":80},"fields ",[74,17253,85],{"class":84},[74,17255,3271],{"class":106},[74,17257,122],{"class":88},[74,17259,7642],{"class":92},[74,17261,122],{"class":88},[74,17263,249],{"class":106},[74,17265,89],{"class":88},[74,17267,14916],{"class":92},[74,17269,122],{"class":88},[74,17271,249],{"class":106},[74,17273,89],{"class":88},[74,17275,17276],{"class":92},"password",[74,17278,122],{"class":88},[74,17280,3284],{"class":106},[74,17282,17283,17286,17288,17290,17292,17294,17296,17299],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,17284,17285],{"class":80},"user_data ",[74,17287,85],{"class":84},[74,17289,8826],{"class":1345},[74,17291,114],{"class":106},[74,17293,16941],{"class":110},[74,17295,107],{"class":106},[74,17297,17298],{"class":110},"fields",[74,17300,260],{"class":106},[74,17302,17303],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,17304,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,17306,17307,17309,17311,17314],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,17308,103],{"class":102},[74,17310,107],{"class":106},[74,17312,17313],{"class":110},"user_data",[74,17315,260],{"class":106},[20,17317,157],{},[65,17319,17321],{"className":67,"code":17320,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"{'username': None, 'email': None, 'password': None}\n",[15,17322,17323],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,17324,17325,17327,17329,17331,17333,17335,17337,17339,17341,17343,17345,17347,17349,17351,17353,17355,17357,17359,17361],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,17326,8934],{"class":106},[74,17328,2946],{"class":88},[74,17330,7642],{"class":92},[74,17332,2946],{"class":88},[74,17334,679],{"class":106},[74,17336,3505],{"class":3504},[74,17338,249],{"class":106},[74,17340,2941],{"class":88},[74,17342,14916],{"class":92},[74,17344,2946],{"class":88},[74,17346,679],{"class":106},[74,17348,3505],{"class":3504},[74,17350,249],{"class":106},[74,17352,2941],{"class":88},[74,17354,17276],{"class":92},[74,17356,2946],{"class":88},[74,17358,679],{"class":106},[74,17360,3505],{"class":3504},[74,17362,8965],{"class":106},[20,17364,17365],{},"This is useful when:",[30,17367,17368,17371,17374],{},[33,17369,17370],{},"You want to create the keys first",[33,17372,17373],{},"You plan to fill in the real values later",[33,17375,17376],{},"You need placeholder values during setup",[20,17378,506],{},[65,17380,17382],{"className":67,"code":17381,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nuser_data[\"username\"] = \"alice\"\nuser_data[\"email\"] = \"alice@example.com\"\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,17383,17384,17416,17434,17438,17461,17484,17488],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,17385,17386,17388,17390,17392,17394,17396,17398,17400,17402,17404,17406,17408,17410,17412,17414],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,17387,17251],{"class":80},[74,17389,85],{"class":84},[74,17391,3271],{"class":106},[74,17393,122],{"class":88},[74,17395,7642],{"class":92},[74,17397,122],{"class":88},[74,17399,249],{"class":106},[74,17401,89],{"class":88},[74,17403,14916],{"class":92},[74,17405,122],{"class":88},[74,17407,249],{"class":106},[74,17409,89],{"class":88},[74,17411,17276],{"class":92},[74,17413,122],{"class":88},[74,17415,3284],{"class":106},[74,17417,17418,17420,17422,17424,17426,17428,17430,17432],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,17419,17285],{"class":80},[74,17421,85],{"class":84},[74,17423,8826],{"class":1345},[74,17425,114],{"class":106},[74,17427,16941],{"class":110},[74,17429,107],{"class":106},[74,17431,17298],{"class":110},[74,17433,260],{"class":106},[74,17435,17436],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,17437,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,17439,17440,17442,17444,17446,17448,17450,17452,17454,17456,17459],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,17441,17313],{"class":80},[74,17443,742],{"class":106},[74,17445,122],{"class":88},[74,17447,7642],{"class":92},[74,17449,122],{"class":88},[74,17451,12930],{"class":106},[74,17453,12933],{"class":84},[74,17455,89],{"class":88},[74,17457,17458],{"class":92},"alice",[74,17460,96],{"class":88},[74,17462,17463,17465,17467,17469,17471,17473,17475,17477,17479,17482],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,17464,17313],{"class":80},[74,17466,742],{"class":106},[74,17468,122],{"class":88},[74,17470,14916],{"class":92},[74,17472,122],{"class":88},[74,17474,12930],{"class":106},[74,17476,12933],{"class":84},[74,17478,89],{"class":88},[74,17480,17481],{"class":92},"alice@example.com",[74,17483,96],{"class":88},[74,17485,17486],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,17487,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,17489,17490,17492,17494,17496],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,17491,103],{"class":102},[74,17493,107],{"class":106},[74,17495,17313],{"class":110},[74,17497,260],{"class":106},[20,17499,157],{},[65,17501,17503],{"className":67,"code":17502,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"{'username': 'alice', 'email': 'alice@example.com', 'password': None}\n",[15,17504,17505],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,17506,17507,17509,17511,17513,17515,17517,17519,17521,17523,17525,17527,17529,17531,17533,17535,17537,17539,17541,17543,17545,17547,17549,17551],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,17508,8934],{"class":106},[74,17510,2946],{"class":88},[74,17512,7642],{"class":92},[74,17514,2946],{"class":88},[74,17516,679],{"class":106},[74,17518,2941],{"class":88},[74,17520,17458],{"class":92},[74,17522,2946],{"class":88},[74,17524,249],{"class":106},[74,17526,2941],{"class":88},[74,17528,14916],{"class":92},[74,17530,2946],{"class":88},[74,17532,679],{"class":106},[74,17534,2941],{"class":88},[74,17536,17481],{"class":92},[74,17538,2946],{"class":88},[74,17540,249],{"class":106},[74,17542,2941],{"class":88},[74,17544,17276],{"class":92},[74,17546,2946],{"class":88},[74,17548,679],{"class":106},[74,17550,3505],{"class":3504},[74,17552,8965],{"class":106},[20,17554,17555,17556,114],{},"If you want to add or change keys later, see ",[125,17557,17559],{"href":17558},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python","how to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[60,17561,17563],{"id":17562},"important-warning-about-mutable-values","Important warning about mutable values",[20,17565,17566],{},"Be careful when using a mutable value such as:",[30,17568,17569,17574,17579],{},[33,17570,17571,17573],{},[15,17572,3438],{}," (list)",[33,17575,17576,17578],{},[15,17577,3443],{}," (dictionary)",[33,17580,17581,17583],{},[15,17582,3448],{}," (set)",[20,17585,17586,17587,114],{},"All keys will point to the ",[332,17588,17589],{},"same object",[262,17591,17593],{"id":17592},"example-of-the-problem","Example of the problem",[65,17595,17597],{"className":67,"code":17596,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = dict.fromkeys(keys, [])\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,17598,17599,17631,17652,17656,17678,17682],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,17600,17601,17603,17605,17607,17609,17611,17613,17615,17617,17619,17621,17623,17625,17627,17629],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,17602,16900],{"class":80},[74,17604,85],{"class":84},[74,17606,3271],{"class":106},[74,17608,122],{"class":88},[74,17610,125],{"class":92},[74,17612,122],{"class":88},[74,17614,249],{"class":106},[74,17616,89],{"class":88},[74,17618,4412],{"class":92},[74,17620,122],{"class":88},[74,17622,249],{"class":106},[74,17624,89],{"class":88},[74,17626,9396],{"class":92},[74,17628,122],{"class":88},[74,17630,3284],{"class":106},[74,17632,17633,17635,17637,17639,17641,17643,17645,17647,17649],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,17634,8821],{"class":80},[74,17636,85],{"class":84},[74,17638,8826],{"class":1345},[74,17640,114],{"class":106},[74,17642,16941],{"class":110},[74,17644,107],{"class":106},[74,17646,16582],{"class":110},[74,17648,249],{"class":106},[74,17650,17651],{"class":106}," [])\n",[74,17653,17654],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,17655,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,17657,17658,17660,17662,17664,17666,17668,17670,17672,17674,17676],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,17659,8860],{"class":80},[74,17661,742],{"class":106},[74,17663,122],{"class":88},[74,17665,125],{"class":92},[74,17667,122],{"class":88},[74,17669,13207],{"class":106},[74,17671,13210],{"class":110},[74,17673,107],{"class":106},[74,17675,2632],{"class":167},[74,17677,260],{"class":106},[74,17679,17680],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,17681,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,17683,17684,17686,17688,17690],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,17685,103],{"class":102},[74,17687,107],{"class":106},[74,17689,8860],{"class":110},[74,17691,260],{"class":106},[20,17693,157],{},[65,17695,17697],{"className":67,"code":17696,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1], 'c': [1]}\n",[15,17698,17699],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,17700,17701,17703,17705,17707,17709,17711,17713,17715,17718,17720,17722,17724,17726,17728,17730,17732,17734,17736,17738,17740,17742,17744],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,17702,8934],{"class":106},[74,17704,2946],{"class":88},[74,17706,125],{"class":92},[74,17708,2946],{"class":88},[74,17710,679],{"class":106},[74,17712,3271],{"class":106},[74,17714,2632],{"class":167},[74,17716,17717],{"class":106},"],",[74,17719,2941],{"class":88},[74,17721,4412],{"class":92},[74,17723,2946],{"class":88},[74,17725,679],{"class":106},[74,17727,3271],{"class":106},[74,17729,2632],{"class":167},[74,17731,17717],{"class":106},[74,17733,2941],{"class":88},[74,17735,9396],{"class":92},[74,17737,2946],{"class":88},[74,17739,679],{"class":106},[74,17741,3271],{"class":106},[74,17743,2632],{"class":167},[74,17745,13363],{"class":106},[20,17747,17748,17749,17751],{},"Many beginners expect only ",[15,17750,215],{}," to change, but all keys change because they share the same list.",[262,17753,17755],{"id":17754},"why-this-happens","Why this happens",[20,17757,17758,17761],{},[15,17759,17760],{},"dict.fromkeys(keys, [])"," creates one list object.",[20,17763,17764],{},"That same list is then used for every key.",[20,17766,17767],{},"So this:",[65,17769,17771],{"className":67,"code":17770,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"data[\"a\"].append(1)\n",[15,17772,17773],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,17774,17775,17777,17779,17781,17783,17785,17787,17789,17791,17793],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,17776,8860],{"class":80},[74,17778,742],{"class":106},[74,17780,122],{"class":88},[74,17782,125],{"class":92},[74,17784,122],{"class":88},[74,17786,13207],{"class":106},[74,17788,13210],{"class":110},[74,17790,107],{"class":106},[74,17792,2632],{"class":167},[74,17794,260],{"class":106},[20,17796,17797,17798,114],{},"changes the shared list, not a separate list just for key ",[15,17799,215],{},[262,17801,17803],{"id":17802},"the-better-way-when-each-key-needs-its-own-list","The better way when each key needs its own list",[20,17805,17806],{},"Use a dictionary comprehension:",[65,17808,17810],{"className":67,"code":17809,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,17811,17812,17844,17871,17875,17897,17901],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,17813,17814,17816,17818,17820,17822,17824,17826,17828,17830,17832,17834,17836,17838,17840,17842],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,17815,16900],{"class":80},[74,17817,85],{"class":84},[74,17819,3271],{"class":106},[74,17821,122],{"class":88},[74,17823,125],{"class":92},[74,17825,122],{"class":88},[74,17827,249],{"class":106},[74,17829,89],{"class":88},[74,17831,4412],{"class":92},[74,17833,122],{"class":88},[74,17835,249],{"class":106},[74,17837,89],{"class":88},[74,17839,9396],{"class":92},[74,17841,122],{"class":88},[74,17843,3284],{"class":106},[74,17845,17846,17848,17850,17852,17854,17856,17859,17861,17864,17866,17869],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,17847,8821],{"class":80},[74,17849,85],{"class":84},[74,17851,10148],{"class":106},[74,17853,14499],{"class":80},[74,17855,679],{"class":106},[74,17857,17858],{"class":106}," []",[74,17860,3530],{"class":3529},[74,17862,17863],{"class":80}," key ",[74,17865,351],{"class":3529},[74,17867,17868],{"class":80}," keys",[74,17870,8965],{"class":106},[74,17872,17873],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,17874,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,17876,17877,17879,17881,17883,17885,17887,17889,17891,17893,17895],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,17878,8860],{"class":80},[74,17880,742],{"class":106},[74,17882,122],{"class":88},[74,17884,125],{"class":92},[74,17886,122],{"class":88},[74,17888,13207],{"class":106},[74,17890,13210],{"class":110},[74,17892,107],{"class":106},[74,17894,2632],{"class":167},[74,17896,260],{"class":106},[74,17898,17899],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,17900,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,17902,17903,17905,17907,17909],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,17904,103],{"class":102},[74,17906,107],{"class":106},[74,17908,8860],{"class":110},[74,17910,260],{"class":106},[20,17912,157],{},[65,17914,17916],{"className":67,"code":17915,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"{'a': [1], 'b': [], 'c': []}\n",[15,17917,17918],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,17919,17920,17922,17924,17926,17928,17930,17932,17934,17936,17938,17940,17942,17944,17947,17949,17951,17953,17955],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,17921,8934],{"class":106},[74,17923,2946],{"class":88},[74,17925,125],{"class":92},[74,17927,2946],{"class":88},[74,17929,679],{"class":106},[74,17931,3271],{"class":106},[74,17933,2632],{"class":167},[74,17935,17717],{"class":106},[74,17937,2941],{"class":88},[74,17939,4412],{"class":92},[74,17941,2946],{"class":88},[74,17943,679],{"class":106},[74,17945,17946],{"class":106}," [],",[74,17948,2941],{"class":88},[74,17950,9396],{"class":92},[74,17952,2946],{"class":88},[74,17954,679],{"class":106},[74,17956,17957],{"class":106}," []}\n",[20,17959,17960],{},"Now each key has its own separate list.",[20,17962,17963],{},"This same rule applies if you want each key to have its own dictionary or set.",[60,17965,1260,17967],{"id":17966},"when-to-use-fromkeys",[15,17968,16876],{},[20,17970,17971,17973],{},[15,17972,16881],{}," is a good choice when:",[30,17975,17976,17979,17982],{},[33,17977,17978],{},"You want to quickly create a dictionary with known keys",[33,17980,17981],{},"Every key should start with the same simple value",[33,17983,17984],{},"You need default flags, counters, or placeholders",[20,17986,313],{},[65,17988,17990],{"className":67,"code":17989,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"flags = dict.fromkeys([\"is_admin\", \"is_active\", \"is_verified\"], False)\nprint(flags)\n",[15,17991,17992,18037],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,17993,17994,17997,17999,18001,18003,18005,18007,18009,18012,18014,18016,18018,18020,18022,18024,18026,18029,18031,18033,18035],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,17995,17996],{"class":80},"flags ",[74,17998,85],{"class":84},[74,18000,8826],{"class":1345},[74,18002,114],{"class":106},[74,18004,16941],{"class":110},[74,18006,2629],{"class":106},[74,18008,122],{"class":88},[74,18010,18011],{"class":92},"is_admin",[74,18013,122],{"class":88},[74,18015,249],{"class":106},[74,18017,89],{"class":88},[74,18019,14736],{"class":92},[74,18021,122],{"class":88},[74,18023,249],{"class":106},[74,18025,89],{"class":88},[74,18027,18028],{"class":92},"is_verified",[74,18030,122],{"class":88},[74,18032,17717],{"class":106},[74,18034,3558],{"class":3504},[74,18036,260],{"class":106},[74,18038,18039,18041,18043,18046],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,18040,103],{"class":102},[74,18042,107],{"class":106},[74,18044,18045],{"class":110},"flags",[74,18047,260],{"class":106},[65,18049,18051],{"className":67,"code":18050,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"scores = dict.fromkeys([\"math\", \"science\", \"history\"], 0)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,18052,18053,18098],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,18054,18055,18057,18059,18061,18063,18065,18067,18069,18072,18074,18076,18078,18081,18083,18085,18087,18090,18092,18094,18096],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,18056,4715],{"class":80},[74,18058,85],{"class":84},[74,18060,8826],{"class":1345},[74,18062,114],{"class":106},[74,18064,16941],{"class":110},[74,18066,2629],{"class":106},[74,18068,122],{"class":88},[74,18070,18071],{"class":92},"math",[74,18073,122],{"class":88},[74,18075,249],{"class":106},[74,18077,89],{"class":88},[74,18079,18080],{"class":92},"science",[74,18082,122],{"class":88},[74,18084,249],{"class":106},[74,18086,89],{"class":88},[74,18088,18089],{"class":92},"history",[74,18091,122],{"class":88},[74,18093,17717],{"class":106},[74,18095,3485],{"class":167},[74,18097,260],{"class":106},[74,18099,18100,18102,18104,18106],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,18101,103],{"class":102},[74,18103,107],{"class":106},[74,18105,16047],{"class":110},[74,18107,260],{"class":106},[20,18109,18110,18111,18113],{},"It is ",[332,18112,334],{}," the best choice when:",[30,18115,18116,18119],{},[33,18117,18118],{},"Each key needs a different starting value",[33,18120,18121],{},"Each key needs its own new list or dictionary",[60,18123,18125,18127],{"id":18124},"fromkeys-vs-creating-a-dictionary-manually",[15,18126,16876],{}," vs creating a dictionary manually",[20,18129,18130,18132],{},[15,18131,16876],{}," is shorter when all keys share the same value.",[262,18134,571,18136],{"id":18135},"using-fromkeys",[15,18137,16876],{},[65,18139,18141],{"className":67,"code":18140,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"settings = dict.fromkeys([\"sound\", \"music\", \"notifications\"], True)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,18142,18143,18188],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,18144,18145,18147,18149,18151,18153,18155,18157,18159,18162,18164,18166,18168,18171,18173,18175,18177,18180,18182,18184,18186],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,18146,13483],{"class":80},[74,18148,85],{"class":84},[74,18150,8826],{"class":1345},[74,18152,114],{"class":106},[74,18154,16941],{"class":110},[74,18156,2629],{"class":106},[74,18158,122],{"class":88},[74,18160,18161],{"class":92},"sound",[74,18163,122],{"class":88},[74,18165,249],{"class":106},[74,18167,89],{"class":88},[74,18169,18170],{"class":92},"music",[74,18172,122],{"class":88},[74,18174,249],{"class":106},[74,18176,89],{"class":88},[74,18178,18179],{"class":92},"notifications",[74,18181,122],{"class":88},[74,18183,17717],{"class":106},[74,18185,3567],{"class":3504},[74,18187,260],{"class":106},[74,18189,18190,18192,18194,18196],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,18191,103],{"class":102},[74,18193,107],{"class":106},[74,18195,13542],{"class":110},[74,18197,260],{"class":106},[262,18199,18201],{"id":18200},"creating-a-dictionary-manually","Creating a dictionary manually",[65,18203,18205],{"className":67,"code":18204,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"settings = {\n    \"sound\": True,\n    \"music\": False,\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\nprint(settings)\n",[15,18206,18207,18215,18229,18243,18255,18259],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,18208,18209,18211,18213],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,18210,13483],{"class":80},[74,18212,85],{"class":84},[74,18214,11150],{"class":106},[74,18216,18217,18219,18221,18223,18225,18227],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,18218,11155],{"class":88},[74,18220,18161],{"class":92},[74,18222,122],{"class":88},[74,18224,679],{"class":106},[74,18226,3567],{"class":3504},[74,18228,11171],{"class":106},[74,18230,18231,18233,18235,18237,18239,18241],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,18232,11155],{"class":88},[74,18234,18170],{"class":92},[74,18236,122],{"class":88},[74,18238,679],{"class":106},[74,18240,3558],{"class":3504},[74,18242,11171],{"class":106},[74,18244,18245,18247,18249,18251,18253],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,18246,11155],{"class":88},[74,18248,18179],{"class":92},[74,18250,122],{"class":88},[74,18252,679],{"class":106},[74,18254,6076],{"class":3504},[74,18256,18257],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,18258,8965],{"class":106},[74,18260,18261,18263,18265,18267],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,18262,103],{"class":102},[74,18264,107],{"class":106},[74,18266,13542],{"class":110},[74,18268,260],{"class":106},[20,18270,18271],{},"Manual creation is clearer when the values are different.",[262,18273,18275],{"id":18274},"using-a-comprehension-for-separate-mutable-values","Using a comprehension for separate mutable values",[65,18277,18279],{"className":67,"code":18278,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(data)\n",[15,18280,18281,18313,18337],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,18282,18283,18285,18287,18289,18291,18293,18295,18297,18299,18301,18303,18305,18307,18309,18311],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,18284,16900],{"class":80},[74,18286,85],{"class":84},[74,18288,3271],{"class":106},[74,18290,122],{"class":88},[74,18292,125],{"class":92},[74,18294,122],{"class":88},[74,18296,249],{"class":106},[74,18298,89],{"class":88},[74,18300,4412],{"class":92},[74,18302,122],{"class":88},[74,18304,249],{"class":106},[74,18306,89],{"class":88},[74,18308,9396],{"class":92},[74,18310,122],{"class":88},[74,18312,3284],{"class":106},[74,18314,18315,18317,18319,18321,18323,18325,18327,18329,18331,18333,18335],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,18316,8821],{"class":80},[74,18318,85],{"class":84},[74,18320,10148],{"class":106},[74,18322,14499],{"class":80},[74,18324,679],{"class":106},[74,18326,17858],{"class":106},[74,18328,3530],{"class":3529},[74,18330,17863],{"class":80},[74,18332,351],{"class":3529},[74,18334,17868],{"class":80},[74,18336,8965],{"class":106},[74,18338,18339,18341,18343,18345],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,18340,103],{"class":102},[74,18342,107],{"class":106},[74,18344,8860],{"class":110},[74,18346,260],{"class":106},[20,18348,18349],{},"Use:",[30,18351,18352,18357,18360],{},[33,18353,18354,18356],{},[15,18355,16876],{}," when one shared simple default makes sense",[33,18358,18359],{},"Manual dictionary creation when values differ",[33,18361,18362],{},"A comprehension when each key needs its own new list or dict",[20,18364,18365,18366,114],{},"If you later want to change several values at once, you may also want to learn the ",[125,18367,10395,18368,10399],{"href":13690},[15,18369,14611],{},[60,18371,914],{"id":913},[20,18373,14391,18374,114],{},[15,18375,16881],{},[262,18377,18379],{"id":18378},"using-a-mutable-default-value-by-mistake","Using a mutable default value by mistake",[65,18381,18383],{"className":67,"code":18382,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], [])\nd[\"a\"].append(1)\nprint(d)\n",[15,18384,18385,18418,18441],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,18386,18387,18390,18392,18394,18396,18398,18400,18402,18404,18406,18408,18410,18412,18414,18416],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,18388,18389],{"class":80},"d ",[74,18391,85],{"class":84},[74,18393,8826],{"class":1345},[74,18395,114],{"class":106},[74,18397,16941],{"class":110},[74,18399,2629],{"class":106},[74,18401,122],{"class":88},[74,18403,125],{"class":92},[74,18405,122],{"class":88},[74,18407,249],{"class":106},[74,18409,89],{"class":88},[74,18411,4412],{"class":92},[74,18413,122],{"class":88},[74,18415,17717],{"class":106},[74,18417,17651],{"class":106},[74,18419,18420,18423,18425,18427,18429,18431,18433,18435,18437,18439],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,18421,18422],{"class":80},"d",[74,18424,742],{"class":106},[74,18426,122],{"class":88},[74,18428,125],{"class":92},[74,18430,122],{"class":88},[74,18432,13207],{"class":106},[74,18434,13210],{"class":110},[74,18436,107],{"class":106},[74,18438,2632],{"class":167},[74,18440,260],{"class":106},[74,18442,18443,18445,18447,18449],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,18444,103],{"class":102},[74,18446,107],{"class":106},[74,18448,18422],{"class":110},[74,18450,260],{"class":106},[20,18452,157],{},[65,18454,18456],{"className":67,"code":18455,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1]}\n",[15,18457,18458],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,18459,18460,18462,18464,18466,18468,18470,18472,18474,18476,18478,18480,18482,18484,18486,18488],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,18461,8934],{"class":106},[74,18463,2946],{"class":88},[74,18465,125],{"class":92},[74,18467,2946],{"class":88},[74,18469,679],{"class":106},[74,18471,3271],{"class":106},[74,18473,2632],{"class":167},[74,18475,17717],{"class":106},[74,18477,2941],{"class":88},[74,18479,4412],{"class":92},[74,18481,2946],{"class":88},[74,18483,679],{"class":106},[74,18485,3271],{"class":106},[74,18487,2632],{"class":167},[74,18489,13363],{"class":106},[20,18491,18492],{},"This happens because both keys share the same list.",[20,18494,18495],{},"Use this instead:",[65,18497,18499],{"className":67,"code":18498,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\"]\nd = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(d)\n",[15,18500,18501,18525,18549],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,18502,18503,18505,18507,18509,18511,18513,18515,18517,18519,18521,18523],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,18504,16900],{"class":80},[74,18506,85],{"class":84},[74,18508,3271],{"class":106},[74,18510,122],{"class":88},[74,18512,125],{"class":92},[74,18514,122],{"class":88},[74,18516,249],{"class":106},[74,18518,89],{"class":88},[74,18520,4412],{"class":92},[74,18522,122],{"class":88},[74,18524,3284],{"class":106},[74,18526,18527,18529,18531,18533,18535,18537,18539,18541,18543,18545,18547],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,18528,18389],{"class":80},[74,18530,85],{"class":84},[74,18532,10148],{"class":106},[74,18534,14499],{"class":80},[74,18536,679],{"class":106},[74,18538,17858],{"class":106},[74,18540,3530],{"class":3529},[74,18542,17863],{"class":80},[74,18544,351],{"class":3529},[74,18546,17868],{"class":80},[74,18548,8965],{"class":106},[74,18550,18551,18553,18555,18557],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,18552,103],{"class":102},[74,18554,107],{"class":106},[74,18556,18422],{"class":110},[74,18558,260],{"class":106},[262,18560,18562,18563,18565],{"id":18561},"trying-to-call-fromkeys-on-a-list","Trying to call ",[15,18564,16876],{}," on a list",[20,18567,18568],{},"Wrong idea:",[65,18570,18572],{"className":67,"code":18571,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[15,18573,18574,18606],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,18575,18576,18578,18580,18582,18584,18586,18588,18590,18592,18594,18596,18598,18600,18602,18604],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,18577,16900],{"class":80},[74,18579,85],{"class":84},[74,18581,3271],{"class":106},[74,18583,122],{"class":88},[74,18585,125],{"class":92},[74,18587,122],{"class":88},[74,18589,249],{"class":106},[74,18591,89],{"class":88},[74,18593,4412],{"class":92},[74,18595,122],{"class":88},[74,18597,249],{"class":106},[74,18599,89],{"class":88},[74,18601,9396],{"class":92},[74,18603,122],{"class":88},[74,18605,3284],{"class":106},[74,18607,18608],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,18609,18610],{"class":3314},"# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[20,18612,18613,18615,18616,18618,18619,114],{},[15,18614,16876],{}," belongs to ",[15,18617,8477],{},", not ",[15,18620,7751],{},[20,18622,18623],{},"Correct usage:",[65,18625,18627],{"className":67,"code":18626,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nd = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\nprint(d)\n",[15,18628,18629,18661,18683],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,18630,18631,18633,18635,18637,18639,18641,18643,18645,18647,18649,18651,18653,18655,18657,18659],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,18632,16900],{"class":80},[74,18634,85],{"class":84},[74,18636,3271],{"class":106},[74,18638,122],{"class":88},[74,18640,125],{"class":92},[74,18642,122],{"class":88},[74,18644,249],{"class":106},[74,18646,89],{"class":88},[74,18648,4412],{"class":92},[74,18650,122],{"class":88},[74,18652,249],{"class":106},[74,18654,89],{"class":88},[74,18656,9396],{"class":92},[74,18658,122],{"class":88},[74,18660,3284],{"class":106},[74,18662,18663,18665,18667,18669,18671,18673,18675,18677,18679,18681],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,18664,18389],{"class":80},[74,18666,85],{"class":84},[74,18668,8826],{"class":1345},[74,18670,114],{"class":106},[74,18672,16941],{"class":110},[74,18674,107],{"class":106},[74,18676,16582],{"class":110},[74,18678,249],{"class":106},[74,18680,3485],{"class":167},[74,18682,260],{"class":106},[74,18684,18685,18687,18689,18691],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,18686,103],{"class":102},[74,18688,107],{"class":106},[74,18690,18422],{"class":110},[74,18692,260],{"class":106},[262,18694,923,18696,18698],{"id":18695},"expecting-fromkeys-to-update-an-existing-dictionary",[15,18697,16876],{}," to update an existing dictionary",[20,18700,18701,18703],{},[15,18702,16881],{}," does not change an existing dictionary. It creates a new one.",[65,18705,18707],{"className":67,"code":18706,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"original = {\"x\": 1}\nnew_dict = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(new_dict)\n",[15,18708,18709,18729,18763,18767,18777],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,18710,18711,18713,18715,18717,18719,18721,18723,18725,18727],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,18712,11744],{"class":80},[74,18714,85],{"class":84},[74,18716,10148],{"class":106},[74,18718,122],{"class":88},[74,18720,1816],{"class":92},[74,18722,122],{"class":88},[74,18724,679],{"class":106},[74,18726,5148],{"class":167},[74,18728,8965],{"class":106},[74,18730,18731,18733,18735,18737,18739,18741,18743,18745,18747,18749,18751,18753,18755,18757,18759,18761],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,18732,12695],{"class":80},[74,18734,85],{"class":84},[74,18736,8826],{"class":1345},[74,18738,114],{"class":106},[74,18740,16941],{"class":110},[74,18742,2629],{"class":106},[74,18744,122],{"class":88},[74,18746,125],{"class":92},[74,18748,122],{"class":88},[74,18750,249],{"class":106},[74,18752,89],{"class":88},[74,18754,4412],{"class":92},[74,18756,122],{"class":88},[74,18758,17717],{"class":106},[74,18760,3485],{"class":167},[74,18762,260],{"class":106},[74,18764,18765],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,18766,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,18768,18769,18771,18773,18775],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,18770,103],{"class":102},[74,18772,107],{"class":106},[74,18774,11791],{"class":110},[74,18776,260],{"class":106},[74,18778,18779,18781,18783,18786],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,18780,103],{"class":102},[74,18782,107],{"class":106},[74,18784,18785],{"class":110},"new_dict",[74,18787,260],{"class":106},[20,18789,157],{},[65,18791,18793],{"className":67,"code":18792,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"{'x': 1}\n{'a': 0, 'b': 0}\n",[15,18794,18795,18811],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,18796,18797,18799,18801,18803,18805,18807,18809],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,18798,8934],{"class":106},[74,18800,2946],{"class":88},[74,18802,1816],{"class":92},[74,18804,2946],{"class":88},[74,18806,679],{"class":106},[74,18808,5148],{"class":167},[74,18810,8965],{"class":106},[74,18812,18813,18815,18817,18819,18821,18823,18825,18827,18829,18831,18833,18835,18837],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,18814,8934],{"class":106},[74,18816,2946],{"class":88},[74,18818,125],{"class":92},[74,18820,2946],{"class":88},[74,18822,679],{"class":106},[74,18824,3485],{"class":167},[74,18826,249],{"class":106},[74,18828,2941],{"class":88},[74,18830,4412],{"class":92},[74,18832,2946],{"class":88},[74,18834,679],{"class":106},[74,18836,3485],{"class":167},[74,18838,8965],{"class":106},[20,18840,18841,18842,114],{},"If you want to modify an existing dictionary, see the ",[125,18843,10395,18844,10399],{"href":13690},[15,18845,14611],{},[262,18847,18849,18850],{"id":18848},"forgetting-that-the-default-value-is-none","Forgetting that the default value is ",[15,18851,3429],{},[65,18853,18855],{"className":67,"code":18854,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"x\", \"y\"])\nprint(d)\n",[15,18856,18857,18887],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,18858,18859,18861,18863,18865,18867,18869,18871,18873,18875,18877,18879,18881,18883,18885],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,18860,18389],{"class":80},[74,18862,85],{"class":84},[74,18864,8826],{"class":1345},[74,18866,114],{"class":106},[74,18868,16941],{"class":110},[74,18870,2629],{"class":106},[74,18872,122],{"class":88},[74,18874,1816],{"class":92},[74,18876,122],{"class":88},[74,18878,249],{"class":106},[74,18880,89],{"class":88},[74,18882,11403],{"class":92},[74,18884,122],{"class":88},[74,18886,751],{"class":106},[74,18888,18889,18891,18893,18895],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,18890,103],{"class":102},[74,18892,107],{"class":106},[74,18894,18422],{"class":110},[74,18896,260],{"class":106},[20,18898,157],{},[65,18900,18902],{"className":67,"code":18901,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"{'x': None, 'y': None}\n",[15,18903,18904],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,18905,18906,18908,18910,18912,18914,18916,18918,18920,18922,18924,18926,18928,18930],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,18907,8934],{"class":106},[74,18909,2946],{"class":88},[74,18911,1816],{"class":92},[74,18913,2946],{"class":88},[74,18915,679],{"class":106},[74,18917,3505],{"class":3504},[74,18919,249],{"class":106},[74,18921,2941],{"class":88},[74,18923,11403],{"class":92},[74,18925,2946],{"class":88},[74,18927,679],{"class":106},[74,18929,3505],{"class":3504},[74,18931,8965],{"class":106},[20,18933,18934,18935,114],{},"If you do not pass a second argument, every key gets ",[15,18936,3429],{},[60,18938,18940],{"id":18939},"useful-checks","Useful checks",[20,18942,18943,18944,18946],{},"You can run these small examples to understand how ",[15,18945,16876],{}," works.",[65,18948,18950],{"className":67,"code":18949,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0))\n",[15,18951,18952],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,18953,18954,18956,18958,18960,18962,18964,18966,18968,18970,18972,18974,18976,18978,18980,18982,18984],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,18955,103],{"class":102},[74,18957,107],{"class":106},[74,18959,8477],{"class":1345},[74,18961,114],{"class":106},[74,18963,16941],{"class":110},[74,18965,2629],{"class":106},[74,18967,122],{"class":88},[74,18969,125],{"class":92},[74,18971,122],{"class":88},[74,18973,249],{"class":106},[74,18975,89],{"class":88},[74,18977,4412],{"class":92},[74,18979,122],{"class":88},[74,18981,17717],{"class":106},[74,18983,3485],{"class":167},[74,18985,130],{"class":106},[65,18987,18988],{"className":67,"code":18854,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,18989,18990,19020],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,18991,18992,18994,18996,18998,19000,19002,19004,19006,19008,19010,19012,19014,19016,19018],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,18993,18389],{"class":80},[74,18995,85],{"class":84},[74,18997,8826],{"class":1345},[74,18999,114],{"class":106},[74,19001,16941],{"class":110},[74,19003,2629],{"class":106},[74,19005,122],{"class":88},[74,19007,1816],{"class":92},[74,19009,122],{"class":88},[74,19011,249],{"class":106},[74,19013,89],{"class":88},[74,19015,11403],{"class":92},[74,19017,122],{"class":88},[74,19019,751],{"class":106},[74,19021,19022,19024,19026,19028],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,19023,103],{"class":102},[74,19025,107],{"class":106},[74,19027,18422],{"class":110},[74,19029,260],{"class":106},[65,19031,19032],{"className":67,"code":18382,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,19033,19034,19066,19088],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,19035,19036,19038,19040,19042,19044,19046,19048,19050,19052,19054,19056,19058,19060,19062,19064],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,19037,18389],{"class":80},[74,19039,85],{"class":84},[74,19041,8826],{"class":1345},[74,19043,114],{"class":106},[74,19045,16941],{"class":110},[74,19047,2629],{"class":106},[74,19049,122],{"class":88},[74,19051,125],{"class":92},[74,19053,122],{"class":88},[74,19055,249],{"class":106},[74,19057,89],{"class":88},[74,19059,4412],{"class":92},[74,19061,122],{"class":88},[74,19063,17717],{"class":106},[74,19065,17651],{"class":106},[74,19067,19068,19070,19072,19074,19076,19078,19080,19082,19084,19086],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,19069,18422],{"class":80},[74,19071,742],{"class":106},[74,19073,122],{"class":88},[74,19075,125],{"class":92},[74,19077,122],{"class":88},[74,19079,13207],{"class":106},[74,19081,13210],{"class":110},[74,19083,107],{"class":106},[74,19085,2632],{"class":167},[74,19087,260],{"class":106},[74,19089,19090,19092,19094,19096],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,19091,103],{"class":102},[74,19093,107],{"class":106},[74,19095,18422],{"class":110},[74,19097,260],{"class":106},[65,19099,19101],{"className":67,"code":19100,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(type(dict.fromkeys([1, 2, 3], \"value\")))\n",[15,19102,19103],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,19104,19105,19107,19109,19111,19113,19115,19117,19119,19121,19123,19125,19127,19129,19131,19133,19135,19137,19139],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,19106,103],{"class":102},[74,19108,107],{"class":106},[74,19110,1346],{"class":1345},[74,19112,107],{"class":106},[74,19114,8477],{"class":1345},[74,19116,114],{"class":106},[74,19118,16941],{"class":110},[74,19120,2629],{"class":106},[74,19122,2632],{"class":167},[74,19124,249],{"class":106},[74,19126,620],{"class":167},[74,19128,249],{"class":106},[74,19130,2094],{"class":167},[74,19132,17717],{"class":106},[74,19134,89],{"class":88},[74,19136,246],{"class":92},[74,19138,122],{"class":88},[74,19140,2555],{"class":106},[60,19142,1471],{"id":1470},[262,19144,1517,19146,19148],{"id":19145},"does-fromkeys-change-an-existing-dictionary",[15,19147,16876],{}," change an existing dictionary?",[20,19150,19151],{},"No. It creates and returns a new dictionary.",[262,19153,19155],{"id":19154},"what-value-is-used-if-i-do-not-pass-the-second-argument","What value is used if I do not pass the second argument?",[20,19157,19158,19159,114],{},"Each key gets ",[15,19160,3429],{},[262,19162,19164],{"id":19163},"can-i-use-a-list-as-the-default-value","Can I use a list as the default value?",[20,19166,19167],{},"Yes, but all keys will share the same list object.",[262,19169,19171],{"id":19170},"how-do-i-give-each-key-its-own-empty-list","How do I give each key its own empty list?",[20,19173,17806],{},[65,19175,19177],{"className":67,"code":19176,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n",[15,19178,19179,19211],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,19180,19181,19183,19185,19187,19189,19191,19193,19195,19197,19199,19201,19203,19205,19207,19209],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,19182,16900],{"class":80},[74,19184,85],{"class":84},[74,19186,3271],{"class":106},[74,19188,122],{"class":88},[74,19190,125],{"class":92},[74,19192,122],{"class":88},[74,19194,249],{"class":106},[74,19196,89],{"class":88},[74,19198,4412],{"class":92},[74,19200,122],{"class":88},[74,19202,249],{"class":106},[74,19204,89],{"class":88},[74,19206,9396],{"class":92},[74,19208,122],{"class":88},[74,19210,3284],{"class":106},[74,19212,19213,19215,19217,19219,19221,19223,19225,19227,19229,19231,19233],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,19214,8821],{"class":80},[74,19216,85],{"class":84},[74,19218,10148],{"class":106},[74,19220,14499],{"class":80},[74,19222,679],{"class":106},[74,19224,17858],{"class":106},[74,19226,3530],{"class":3529},[74,19228,17863],{"class":80},[74,19230,351],{"class":3529},[74,19232,17868],{"class":80},[74,19234,8965],{"class":106},[60,19236,1527],{"id":1526},[30,19238,19239,19243,19247,19251,19257],{},[33,19240,19241],{},[125,19242,10901],{"href":12683},[33,19244,19245],{},[125,19246,8811],{"href":12680},[33,19248,19249],{},[125,19250,10910],{"href":17558},[33,19252,19253],{},[125,19254,10395,19255,10399],{"href":13690},[15,19256,14611],{},[33,19258,19259],{},[125,19260,10395,19261,10399],{"href":14656},[15,19262,12435],{},[20,19264,176,19265,19267],{},[15,19266,16881],{}," when all keys should start with the same simple value. If each key needs its own separate list or dictionary, use a dictionary comprehension instead.",[1566,19269,19270],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":70,"searchDepth":99,"depth":99,"links":19272},[19273,19274,19276,19280,19281,19283,19288,19290,19297,19306,19307,19314],{"id":62,"depth":99,"text":63},{"id":16981,"depth":99,"text":19275},"What dict.fromkeys() does",{"id":17025,"depth":99,"text":17026,"children":19277},[19278,19279],{"id":264,"depth":133,"text":265},{"id":304,"depth":133,"text":305},{"id":5437,"depth":99,"text":5438},{"id":17233,"depth":99,"text":19282},"Using fromkeys() without a value",{"id":17562,"depth":99,"text":17563,"children":19284},[19285,19286,19287],{"id":17592,"depth":133,"text":17593},{"id":17754,"depth":133,"text":17755},{"id":17802,"depth":133,"text":17803},{"id":17966,"depth":99,"text":19289},"When to use fromkeys()",{"id":18124,"depth":99,"text":19291,"children":19292},"fromkeys() vs creating a dictionary manually",[19293,19295,19296],{"id":18135,"depth":133,"text":19294},"Using fromkeys()",{"id":18200,"depth":133,"text":18201},{"id":18274,"depth":133,"text":18275},{"id":913,"depth":99,"text":914,"children":19298},[19299,19300,19302,19304],{"id":18378,"depth":133,"text":18379},{"id":18561,"depth":133,"text":19301},"Trying to call fromkeys() on a list",{"id":18695,"depth":133,"text":19303},"Expecting fromkeys() to update an existing dictionary",{"id":18848,"depth":133,"text":19305},"Forgetting that the default value is None",{"id":18939,"depth":99,"text":18940},{"id":1470,"depth":99,"text":1471,"children":19308},[19309,19311,19312,19313],{"id":19145,"depth":133,"text":19310},"Does fromkeys() change an existing dictionary?",{"id":19154,"depth":133,"text":19155},{"id":19163,"depth":133,"text":19164},{"id":19170,"depth":133,"text":19171},{"id":1526,"depth":99,"text":1527},"Master python dictionary fromkeys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method",{"title":16868,"description":19315},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method","2yJ4KIc9BK_9yVeJ8MeOaa9ypdRp2WVvVsnxvO7dWyw",{"id":19322,"title":19323,"body":19324,"description":21154,"extension":1610,"meta":21155,"navigation":407,"path":21156,"seo":21157,"stem":21158,"__hash__":21159},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method.md","Python Dictionary get() Method",{"type":7,"value":19325,"toc":21121},[19326,19331,19337,19348,19478,19485,19490,19494,19510,19512,19610,19613,19630,19634,19636,19641,19679,19682,19700,19702,19820,19825,19829,19845,19848,19984,19987,19992,19998,20001,20038,20041,20045,20050,20126,20130,20135,20217,20219,20235,20240,20244,20250,20319,20322,20339,20342,20424,20430,20433,20453,20457,20462,20468,20474,20545,20548,20554,20557,20631,20638,20644,20652,20662,20664,20759,20765,20770,20857,20863,20865,20870,20892,20895,20990,20993,21024,21037,21039,21047,21053,21059,21062,21068,21073,21080,21085,21087,21118],[10,19327,10977,19329,18],{"id":19328},"python-dictionary-get-method",[15,19330,10398],{},[20,19332,19333,19334,19336],{},"The dictionary ",[15,19335,10398],{}," method lets you safely read a value from a dictionary.",[20,19338,19339,19340,220,19343,2039,19345,19347],{},"It is useful when a key might be missing. Instead of crashing with a ",[15,19341,19342],{},"KeyError",[15,19344,10398],{},[15,19346,3429],{}," by default, or a custom fallback value if you provide one.",[65,19349,19351],{"className":67,"code":19350,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.get(\"name\"))           # Ana\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))           # None\nprint(person.get(\"city\", \"N\u002FA\"))    # N\u002FA\n",[15,19352,19353,19389,19393,19419,19444],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,19354,19355,19357,19359,19361,19363,19365,19367,19369,19371,19373,19375,19377,19379,19381,19383,19385,19387],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,19356,12861],{"class":80},[74,19358,85],{"class":84},[74,19360,10148],{"class":106},[74,19362,122],{"class":88},[74,19364,7323],{"class":92},[74,19366,122],{"class":88},[74,19368,679],{"class":106},[74,19370,89],{"class":88},[74,19372,12539],{"class":92},[74,19374,122],{"class":88},[74,19376,249],{"class":106},[74,19378,89],{"class":88},[74,19380,8955],{"class":92},[74,19382,122],{"class":88},[74,19384,679],{"class":106},[74,19386,8962],{"class":167},[74,19388,8965],{"class":106},[74,19390,19391],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,19392,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,19394,19395,19397,19399,19401,19403,19406,19408,19410,19412,19414,19416],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,19396,103],{"class":102},[74,19398,107],{"class":106},[74,19400,16965],{"class":110},[74,19402,114],{"class":106},[74,19404,19405],{"class":110},"get",[74,19407,107],{"class":106},[74,19409,122],{"class":88},[74,19411,7323],{"class":92},[74,19413,122],{"class":88},[74,19415,5011],{"class":106},[74,19417,19418],{"class":3314},"           # Ana\n",[74,19420,19421,19423,19425,19427,19429,19431,19433,19435,19437,19439,19441],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,19422,103],{"class":102},[74,19424,107],{"class":106},[74,19426,16965],{"class":110},[74,19428,114],{"class":106},[74,19430,19405],{"class":110},[74,19432,107],{"class":106},[74,19434,122],{"class":88},[74,19436,10066],{"class":92},[74,19438,122],{"class":88},[74,19440,5011],{"class":106},[74,19442,19443],{"class":3314},"           # None\n",[74,19445,19446,19448,19450,19452,19454,19456,19458,19460,19462,19464,19466,19468,19471,19473,19475],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,19447,103],{"class":102},[74,19449,107],{"class":106},[74,19451,16965],{"class":110},[74,19453,114],{"class":106},[74,19455,19405],{"class":110},[74,19457,107],{"class":106},[74,19459,122],{"class":88},[74,19461,10066],{"class":92},[74,19463,122],{"class":88},[74,19465,249],{"class":106},[74,19467,89],{"class":88},[74,19469,19470],{"class":92},"N\u002FA",[74,19472,122],{"class":88},[74,19474,5011],{"class":106},[74,19476,19477],{"class":3314},"    # N\u002FA\n",[20,19479,176,19480,19482,19483,114],{},[15,19481,10398],{}," when a dictionary key may be missing and you want a safe result instead of a ",[15,19484,19342],{},[60,19486,3328,19488,38],{"id":19487},"what-get-does",[15,19489,10398],{},[20,19491,1627,19492,11071],{},[15,19493,10398],{},[30,19495,19496,19499,19504,19507],{},[33,19497,19498],{},"Returns the value for a given key",[33,19500,11082,19501,19503],{},[15,19502,3429],{}," if the key does not exist",[33,19505,19506],{},"Can return a custom default value instead",[33,19508,19509],{},"Works on dictionary objects only",[20,19511,506],{},[65,19513,19515],{"className":67,"code":19514,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"student = {\"name\": \"Lina\", \"grade\": 90}\n\nprint(student.get(\"name\"))     # Lina\nprint(student.get(\"email\"))    # None\n",[15,19516,19517,19556,19560,19585],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,19518,19519,19521,19523,19525,19527,19529,19531,19533,19535,19538,19540,19542,19544,19547,19549,19551,19554],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,19520,12522],{"class":80},[74,19522,85],{"class":84},[74,19524,10148],{"class":106},[74,19526,122],{"class":88},[74,19528,7323],{"class":92},[74,19530,122],{"class":88},[74,19532,679],{"class":106},[74,19534,89],{"class":88},[74,19536,19537],{"class":92},"Lina",[74,19539,122],{"class":88},[74,19541,249],{"class":106},[74,19543,89],{"class":88},[74,19545,19546],{"class":92},"grade",[74,19548,122],{"class":88},[74,19550,679],{"class":106},[74,19552,19553],{"class":167}," 90",[74,19555,8965],{"class":106},[74,19557,19558],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,19559,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,19561,19562,19564,19566,19568,19570,19572,19574,19576,19578,19580,19582],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,19563,103],{"class":102},[74,19565,107],{"class":106},[74,19567,13283],{"class":110},[74,19569,114],{"class":106},[74,19571,19405],{"class":110},[74,19573,107],{"class":106},[74,19575,122],{"class":88},[74,19577,7323],{"class":92},[74,19579,122],{"class":88},[74,19581,5011],{"class":106},[74,19583,19584],{"class":3314},"     # Lina\n",[74,19586,19587,19589,19591,19593,19595,19597,19599,19601,19603,19605,19607],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,19588,103],{"class":102},[74,19590,107],{"class":106},[74,19592,13283],{"class":110},[74,19594,114],{"class":106},[74,19596,19405],{"class":110},[74,19598,107],{"class":106},[74,19600,122],{"class":88},[74,19602,14916],{"class":92},[74,19604,122],{"class":88},[74,19606,5011],{"class":106},[74,19608,19609],{"class":3314},"    # None\n",[20,19611,19612],{},"In this example:",[30,19614,19615,19620],{},[33,19616,19617,19619],{},[15,19618,14897],{}," exists, so its value is returned",[33,19621,19622,19625,19626,2039,19628],{},[15,19623,19624],{},"\"email\""," does not exist, so ",[15,19627,10398],{},[15,19629,3429],{},[20,19631,12677,19632,114],{},[125,19633,8811],{"href":8810},[60,19635,227],{"id":226},[20,19637,19638,19639,679],{},"There are two common forms of ",[15,19640,10398],{},[65,19642,19644],{"className":67,"code":19643,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"dictionary.get(key)\ndictionary.get(key, default_value)\n",[15,19645,19646,19660],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,19647,19648,19650,19652,19654,19656,19658],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,19649,15262],{"class":80},[74,19651,114],{"class":106},[74,19653,19405],{"class":110},[74,19655,107],{"class":106},[74,19657,14499],{"class":110},[74,19659,260],{"class":106},[74,19661,19662,19664,19666,19668,19670,19672,19674,19677],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,19663,15262],{"class":80},[74,19665,114],{"class":106},[74,19667,19405],{"class":110},[74,19669,107],{"class":106},[74,19671,14499],{"class":110},[74,19673,249],{"class":106},[74,19675,19676],{"class":110}," default_value",[74,19678,260],{"class":106},[20,19680,19681],{},"What each part means:",[30,19683,19684,19689,19695],{},[33,19685,19686,19688],{},[15,19687,14499],{}," is the dictionary key you want to look up",[33,19690,19691,19694],{},[15,19692,19693],{},"default_value"," is optional",[33,19696,19697,19698],{},"If you do not provide a default, Python uses ",[15,19699,3429],{},[20,19701,506],{},[65,19703,19705],{"className":67,"code":19704,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\"}\n\nprint(settings.get(\"theme\"))            # dark\nprint(settings.get(\"language\"))         # None\nprint(settings.get(\"language\", \"en\"))   # en\n",[15,19706,19707,19731,19735,19760,19786],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,19708,19709,19711,19713,19715,19717,19719,19721,19723,19725,19727,19729],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,19710,13483],{"class":80},[74,19712,85],{"class":84},[74,19714,10148],{"class":106},[74,19716,122],{"class":88},[74,19718,12153],{"class":92},[74,19720,122],{"class":88},[74,19722,679],{"class":106},[74,19724,89],{"class":88},[74,19726,12162],{"class":92},[74,19728,122],{"class":88},[74,19730,8965],{"class":106},[74,19732,19733],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,19734,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,19736,19737,19739,19741,19743,19745,19747,19749,19751,19753,19755,19757],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,19738,103],{"class":102},[74,19740,107],{"class":106},[74,19742,13542],{"class":110},[74,19744,114],{"class":106},[74,19746,19405],{"class":110},[74,19748,107],{"class":106},[74,19750,122],{"class":88},[74,19752,12153],{"class":92},[74,19754,122],{"class":88},[74,19756,5011],{"class":106},[74,19758,19759],{"class":3314},"            # dark\n",[74,19761,19762,19764,19766,19768,19770,19772,19774,19776,19779,19781,19783],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,19763,103],{"class":102},[74,19765,107],{"class":106},[74,19767,13542],{"class":110},[74,19769,114],{"class":106},[74,19771,19405],{"class":110},[74,19773,107],{"class":106},[74,19775,122],{"class":88},[74,19777,19778],{"class":92},"language",[74,19780,122],{"class":88},[74,19782,5011],{"class":106},[74,19784,19785],{"class":3314},"         # None\n",[74,19787,19788,19790,19792,19794,19796,19798,19800,19802,19804,19806,19808,19810,19813,19815,19817],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,19789,103],{"class":102},[74,19791,107],{"class":106},[74,19793,13542],{"class":110},[74,19795,114],{"class":106},[74,19797,19405],{"class":110},[74,19799,107],{"class":106},[74,19801,122],{"class":88},[74,19803,19778],{"class":92},[74,19805,122],{"class":88},[74,19807,249],{"class":106},[74,19809,89],{"class":88},[74,19811,19812],{"class":92},"en",[74,19814,122],{"class":88},[74,19816,5011],{"class":106},[74,19818,19819],{"class":3314},"   # en\n",[60,19821,1260,19823],{"id":19822},"when-to-use-get",[15,19824,10398],{},[20,19826,176,19827,10259],{},[15,19828,10398],{},[30,19830,19831,19834,19839,19842],{},[33,19832,19833],{},"A key might not exist",[33,19835,19836,19837],{},"You want to avoid ",[15,19838,19342],{},[33,19840,19841],{},"You are reading optional data",[33,19843,19844],{},"You are working with JSON, user input, or config data",[20,19846,19847],{},"Example with optional user data:",[65,19849,19851],{"className":67,"code":19850,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"user = {\"username\": \"sam\", \"email\": \"sam@example.com\"}\n\nprint(user.get(\"username\"))              # sam\nprint(user.get(\"phone\"))                 # None\nprint(user.get(\"phone\", \"Not provided\")) # Not provided\n",[15,19852,19853,19895,19899,19924,19950],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,19854,19855,19857,19859,19861,19863,19865,19867,19869,19871,19874,19876,19878,19880,19882,19884,19886,19888,19891,19893],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,19856,11145],{"class":80},[74,19858,85],{"class":84},[74,19860,10148],{"class":106},[74,19862,122],{"class":88},[74,19864,7642],{"class":92},[74,19866,122],{"class":88},[74,19868,679],{"class":106},[74,19870,89],{"class":88},[74,19872,19873],{"class":92},"sam",[74,19875,122],{"class":88},[74,19877,249],{"class":106},[74,19879,89],{"class":88},[74,19881,14916],{"class":92},[74,19883,122],{"class":88},[74,19885,679],{"class":106},[74,19887,89],{"class":88},[74,19889,19890],{"class":92},"sam@example.com",[74,19892,122],{"class":88},[74,19894,8965],{"class":106},[74,19896,19897],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,19898,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,19900,19901,19903,19905,19907,19909,19911,19913,19915,19917,19919,19921],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,19902,103],{"class":102},[74,19904,107],{"class":106},[74,19906,11239],{"class":110},[74,19908,114],{"class":106},[74,19910,19405],{"class":110},[74,19912,107],{"class":106},[74,19914,122],{"class":88},[74,19916,7642],{"class":92},[74,19918,122],{"class":88},[74,19920,5011],{"class":106},[74,19922,19923],{"class":3314},"              # sam\n",[74,19925,19926,19928,19930,19932,19934,19936,19938,19940,19943,19945,19947],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,19927,103],{"class":102},[74,19929,107],{"class":106},[74,19931,11239],{"class":110},[74,19933,114],{"class":106},[74,19935,19405],{"class":110},[74,19937,107],{"class":106},[74,19939,122],{"class":88},[74,19941,19942],{"class":92},"phone",[74,19944,122],{"class":88},[74,19946,5011],{"class":106},[74,19948,19949],{"class":3314},"                 # None\n",[74,19951,19952,19954,19956,19958,19960,19962,19964,19966,19968,19970,19972,19974,19977,19979,19981],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,19953,103],{"class":102},[74,19955,107],{"class":106},[74,19957,11239],{"class":110},[74,19959,114],{"class":106},[74,19961,19405],{"class":110},[74,19963,107],{"class":106},[74,19965,122],{"class":88},[74,19967,19942],{"class":92},[74,19969,122],{"class":88},[74,19971,249],{"class":106},[74,19973,89],{"class":88},[74,19975,19976],{"class":92},"Not provided",[74,19978,122],{"class":88},[74,19980,5011],{"class":106},[74,19982,19983],{"class":3314}," # Not provided\n",[20,19985,19986],{},"This is common when some fields are optional.",[20,19988,19989,19990,114],{},"If you want more help with reading dictionary values, see ",[125,19991,16256],{"href":16255},[60,19993,19995,19997],{"id":19994},"get-vs-square-brackets",[15,19996,10398],{}," vs square brackets",[20,19999,20000],{},"You can access dictionary values in two common ways:",[65,20002,20004],{"className":67,"code":20003,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"data[\"key\"]\ndata.get(\"key\")\n",[15,20005,20006,20020],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,20007,20008,20010,20012,20014,20016,20018],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,20009,8860],{"class":80},[74,20011,742],{"class":106},[74,20013,122],{"class":88},[74,20015,14499],{"class":92},[74,20017,122],{"class":88},[74,20019,3284],{"class":106},[74,20021,20022,20024,20026,20028,20030,20032,20034,20036],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,20023,8860],{"class":80},[74,20025,114],{"class":106},[74,20027,19405],{"class":110},[74,20029,107],{"class":106},[74,20031,122],{"class":88},[74,20033,14499],{"class":92},[74,20035,122],{"class":88},[74,20037,260],{"class":106},[20,20039,20040],{},"The difference is important.",[262,20042,20044],{"id":20043},"square-brackets","Square brackets",[20,20046,20047,20048,114],{},"Square brackets are strict. If the key is missing, Python raises a ",[15,20049,19342],{},[65,20051,20053],{"className":67,"code":20052,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data[\"name\"])   # Ana\nprint(data[\"city\"])   # KeyError\n",[15,20054,20055,20079,20083,20105],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,20056,20057,20059,20061,20063,20065,20067,20069,20071,20073,20075,20077],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,20058,8821],{"class":80},[74,20060,85],{"class":84},[74,20062,10148],{"class":106},[74,20064,122],{"class":88},[74,20066,7323],{"class":92},[74,20068,122],{"class":88},[74,20070,679],{"class":106},[74,20072,89],{"class":88},[74,20074,12539],{"class":92},[74,20076,122],{"class":88},[74,20078,8965],{"class":106},[74,20080,20081],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,20082,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,20084,20085,20087,20089,20091,20093,20095,20097,20099,20102],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,20086,103],{"class":102},[74,20088,107],{"class":106},[74,20090,8860],{"class":110},[74,20092,742],{"class":106},[74,20094,122],{"class":88},[74,20096,7323],{"class":92},[74,20098,122],{"class":88},[74,20100,20101],{"class":106},"])",[74,20103,20104],{"class":3314},"   # Ana\n",[74,20106,20107,20109,20111,20113,20115,20117,20119,20121,20123],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,20108,103],{"class":102},[74,20110,107],{"class":106},[74,20112,8860],{"class":110},[74,20114,742],{"class":106},[74,20116,122],{"class":88},[74,20118,10066],{"class":92},[74,20120,122],{"class":88},[74,20122,20101],{"class":106},[74,20124,20125],{"class":3314},"   # KeyError\n",[262,20127,20128],{"id":19405},[15,20129,10398],{},[20,20131,20132,20134],{},[15,20133,10398],{}," is safe for missing keys.",[65,20136,20138],{"className":67,"code":20137,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data.get(\"name\"))   # Ana\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))   # None\n",[15,20139,20140,20164,20168,20192],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,20141,20142,20144,20146,20148,20150,20152,20154,20156,20158,20160,20162],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,20143,8821],{"class":80},[74,20145,85],{"class":84},[74,20147,10148],{"class":106},[74,20149,122],{"class":88},[74,20151,7323],{"class":92},[74,20153,122],{"class":88},[74,20155,679],{"class":106},[74,20157,89],{"class":88},[74,20159,12539],{"class":92},[74,20161,122],{"class":88},[74,20163,8965],{"class":106},[74,20165,20166],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,20167,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,20169,20170,20172,20174,20176,20178,20180,20182,20184,20186,20188,20190],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,20171,103],{"class":102},[74,20173,107],{"class":106},[74,20175,8860],{"class":110},[74,20177,114],{"class":106},[74,20179,19405],{"class":110},[74,20181,107],{"class":106},[74,20183,122],{"class":88},[74,20185,7323],{"class":92},[74,20187,122],{"class":88},[74,20189,5011],{"class":106},[74,20191,20104],{"class":3314},[74,20193,20194,20196,20198,20200,20202,20204,20206,20208,20210,20212,20214],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,20195,103],{"class":102},[74,20197,107],{"class":106},[74,20199,8860],{"class":110},[74,20201,114],{"class":106},[74,20203,19405],{"class":110},[74,20205,107],{"class":106},[74,20207,122],{"class":88},[74,20209,10066],{"class":92},[74,20211,122],{"class":88},[74,20213,5011],{"class":106},[74,20215,20216],{"class":3314},"   # None\n",[20,20218,18349],{},[30,20220,20221,20227],{},[33,20222,20223,20224],{},"Square brackets when the key ",[332,20225,20226],{},"must exist",[33,20228,20229,20231,20232],{},[15,20230,10398],{}," when the key is ",[332,20233,20234],{},"optional",[20,20236,20237,20238,114],{},"If you are seeing crashes from missing keys, read ",[125,20239,10921],{"href":10732},[60,20241,20243],{"id":20242},"using-a-default-value","Using a default value",[20,20245,20246,20247,20249],{},"You can pass a second argument to ",[15,20248,10398],{}," to choose what should be returned if the key is missing.",[65,20251,20253],{"className":67,"code":20252,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"profile = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(profile.get(\"country\", \"Unknown\"))  # Unknown\n",[15,20254,20255,20280,20284],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,20256,20257,20260,20262,20264,20266,20268,20270,20272,20274,20276,20278],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,20258,20259],{"class":80},"profile ",[74,20261,85],{"class":84},[74,20263,10148],{"class":106},[74,20265,122],{"class":88},[74,20267,7323],{"class":92},[74,20269,122],{"class":88},[74,20271,679],{"class":106},[74,20273,89],{"class":88},[74,20275,7578],{"class":92},[74,20277,122],{"class":88},[74,20279,8965],{"class":106},[74,20281,20282],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,20283,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,20285,20286,20288,20290,20293,20295,20297,20299,20301,20303,20305,20307,20309,20312,20314,20316],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,20287,103],{"class":102},[74,20289,107],{"class":106},[74,20291,20292],{"class":110},"profile",[74,20294,114],{"class":106},[74,20296,19405],{"class":110},[74,20298,107],{"class":106},[74,20300,122],{"class":88},[74,20302,14919],{"class":92},[74,20304,122],{"class":88},[74,20306,249],{"class":106},[74,20308,89],{"class":88},[74,20310,20311],{"class":92},"Unknown",[74,20313,122],{"class":88},[74,20315,5011],{"class":106},[74,20317,20318],{"class":3314},"  # Unknown\n",[20,20320,20321],{},"This is useful for display text:",[30,20323,20324,20329,20334],{},[33,20325,20326],{},[15,20327,20328],{},"\"Unknown\"",[33,20330,20331],{},[15,20332,20333],{},"\"Not set\"",[33,20335,20336],{},[15,20337,20338],{},"\"N\u002FA\"",[20,20340,20341],{},"It is also useful in calculations:",[65,20343,20345],{"className":67,"code":20344,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"scores = {\"math\": 10, \"science\": 8}\n\ntotal_history = scores.get(\"history\", 0)\nprint(total_history)   # 0\n",[15,20346,20347,20379,20383,20410],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,20348,20349,20351,20353,20355,20357,20359,20361,20363,20365,20367,20369,20371,20373,20375,20377],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,20350,4715],{"class":80},[74,20352,85],{"class":84},[74,20354,10148],{"class":106},[74,20356,122],{"class":88},[74,20358,18071],{"class":92},[74,20360,122],{"class":88},[74,20362,679],{"class":106},[74,20364,5656],{"class":167},[74,20366,249],{"class":106},[74,20368,89],{"class":88},[74,20370,18080],{"class":92},[74,20372,122],{"class":88},[74,20374,679],{"class":106},[74,20376,6012],{"class":167},[74,20378,8965],{"class":106},[74,20380,20381],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,20382,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,20384,20385,20388,20390,20392,20394,20396,20398,20400,20402,20404,20406,20408],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,20386,20387],{"class":80},"total_history ",[74,20389,85],{"class":84},[74,20391,4762],{"class":80},[74,20393,114],{"class":106},[74,20395,19405],{"class":110},[74,20397,107],{"class":106},[74,20399,122],{"class":88},[74,20401,18089],{"class":92},[74,20403,122],{"class":88},[74,20405,249],{"class":106},[74,20407,3485],{"class":167},[74,20409,260],{"class":106},[74,20411,20412,20414,20416,20419,20421],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,20413,103],{"class":102},[74,20415,107],{"class":106},[74,20417,20418],{"class":110},"total_history",[74,20420,3311],{"class":106},[74,20422,20423],{"class":3314},"   # 0\n",[20,20425,20426,20427,20429],{},"Here, ",[15,20428,327],{}," is a good default because the code expects a number.",[20,20431,20432],{},"Try to choose a default value that matches the type you expect:",[30,20434,20435,20438,20443,20448],{},[33,20436,20437],{},"Use a string for text",[33,20439,176,20440,20442],{},[15,20441,327],{}," for numbers",[33,20444,176,20445,20447],{},[15,20446,3438],{}," for lists if needed",[33,20449,176,20450,20452],{},[15,20451,3443],{}," for dictionaries if needed",[60,20454,20456],{"id":20455},"important-beginner-notes","Important beginner notes",[20,20458,20459,20460,114],{},"There are a few things beginners often miss about ",[15,20461,10398],{},[262,20463,20465,20467],{"id":20464},"get-does-not-add-a-missing-key",[15,20466,10398],{}," does not add a missing key",[20,20469,20470,20471,20473],{},"This code does ",[332,20472,334],{}," create a new key:",[65,20475,20477],{"className":67,"code":20476,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))  # None\nprint(person)              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,20478,20479,20503,20507,20532],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,20480,20481,20483,20485,20487,20489,20491,20493,20495,20497,20499,20501],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,20482,12861],{"class":80},[74,20484,85],{"class":84},[74,20486,10148],{"class":106},[74,20488,122],{"class":88},[74,20490,7323],{"class":92},[74,20492,122],{"class":88},[74,20494,679],{"class":106},[74,20496,89],{"class":88},[74,20498,12539],{"class":92},[74,20500,122],{"class":88},[74,20502,8965],{"class":106},[74,20504,20505],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,20506,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,20508,20509,20511,20513,20515,20517,20519,20521,20523,20525,20527,20529],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,20510,103],{"class":102},[74,20512,107],{"class":106},[74,20514,16965],{"class":110},[74,20516,114],{"class":106},[74,20518,19405],{"class":110},[74,20520,107],{"class":106},[74,20522,122],{"class":88},[74,20524,10066],{"class":92},[74,20526,122],{"class":88},[74,20528,5011],{"class":106},[74,20530,20531],{"class":3314},"  # None\n",[74,20533,20534,20536,20538,20540,20542],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,20535,103],{"class":102},[74,20537,107],{"class":106},[74,20539,16965],{"class":110},[74,20541,3311],{"class":106},[74,20543,20544],{"class":3314},"              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[20,20546,20547],{},"The dictionary stays the same.",[262,20549,20551,20553],{"id":20550},"get-does-not-change-the-dictionary",[15,20552,10398],{}," does not change the dictionary",[20,20555,20556],{},"It only reads a value safely.",[65,20558,20560],{"className":67,"code":20559,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"settings = {\"mode\": \"light\"}\n\nsettings.get(\"theme\", \"dark\")\nprint(settings)   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[15,20561,20562,20588,20592,20618],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,20563,20564,20566,20568,20570,20572,20575,20577,20579,20581,20584,20586],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,20565,13483],{"class":80},[74,20567,85],{"class":84},[74,20569,10148],{"class":106},[74,20571,122],{"class":88},[74,20573,20574],{"class":92},"mode",[74,20576,122],{"class":88},[74,20578,679],{"class":106},[74,20580,89],{"class":88},[74,20582,20583],{"class":92},"light",[74,20585,122],{"class":88},[74,20587,8965],{"class":106},[74,20589,20590],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,20591,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,20593,20594,20596,20598,20600,20602,20604,20606,20608,20610,20612,20614,20616],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,20595,13542],{"class":80},[74,20597,114],{"class":106},[74,20599,19405],{"class":110},[74,20601,107],{"class":106},[74,20603,122],{"class":88},[74,20605,12153],{"class":92},[74,20607,122],{"class":88},[74,20609,249],{"class":106},[74,20611,89],{"class":88},[74,20613,12162],{"class":92},[74,20615,122],{"class":88},[74,20617,260],{"class":106},[74,20619,20620,20622,20624,20626,20628],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,20621,103],{"class":102},[74,20623,107],{"class":106},[74,20625,13542],{"class":110},[74,20627,3311],{"class":106},[74,20629,20630],{"class":3314},"   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[20,20632,20633,20634,20637],{},"Even though ",[15,20635,20636],{},"\"dark\""," was returned as a default, it was not saved into the dictionary.",[262,20639,20641,20642],{"id":20640},"a-stored-value-can-also-be-none","A stored value can also be ",[15,20643,3429],{},[20,20645,20646,20647,2039,20649,20651],{},"Sometimes ",[15,20648,10398],{},[15,20650,3429],{}," because:",[30,20653,20654,20657],{},[33,20655,20656],{},"The key is missing, or",[33,20658,20659,20660],{},"The key exists and its value is actually ",[15,20661,3429],{},[20,20663,506],{},[65,20665,20667],{"className":67,"code":20666,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(data.get(\"nickname\"))  # None\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))      # None\n",[15,20668,20669,20706,20710,20734],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,20670,20671,20673,20675,20677,20679,20681,20683,20685,20687,20689,20691,20693,20695,20698,20700,20702,20704],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,20672,8821],{"class":80},[74,20674,85],{"class":84},[74,20676,10148],{"class":106},[74,20678,122],{"class":88},[74,20680,7323],{"class":92},[74,20682,122],{"class":88},[74,20684,679],{"class":106},[74,20686,89],{"class":88},[74,20688,12539],{"class":92},[74,20690,122],{"class":88},[74,20692,249],{"class":106},[74,20694,89],{"class":88},[74,20696,20697],{"class":92},"nickname",[74,20699,122],{"class":88},[74,20701,679],{"class":106},[74,20703,3505],{"class":3504},[74,20705,8965],{"class":106},[74,20707,20708],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,20709,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,20711,20712,20714,20716,20718,20720,20722,20724,20726,20728,20730,20732],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,20713,103],{"class":102},[74,20715,107],{"class":106},[74,20717,8860],{"class":110},[74,20719,114],{"class":106},[74,20721,19405],{"class":110},[74,20723,107],{"class":106},[74,20725,122],{"class":88},[74,20727,20697],{"class":92},[74,20729,122],{"class":88},[74,20731,5011],{"class":106},[74,20733,20531],{"class":3314},[74,20735,20736,20738,20740,20742,20744,20746,20748,20750,20752,20754,20756],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,20737,103],{"class":102},[74,20739,107],{"class":106},[74,20741,8860],{"class":110},[74,20743,114],{"class":106},[74,20745,19405],{"class":110},[74,20747,107],{"class":106},[74,20749,122],{"class":88},[74,20751,10066],{"class":92},[74,20753,122],{"class":88},[74,20755,5011],{"class":106},[74,20757,20758],{"class":3314},"      # None\n",[20,20760,20761,20762,20764],{},"Both lines print ",[15,20763,3429],{},", but they mean different things.",[20,20766,20767,20768,679],{},"If you need to know whether the key exists, check with ",[15,20769,351],{},[65,20771,20773],{"className":67,"code":20772,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(\"nickname\" in data)  # True\nprint(\"city\" in data)      # False\n",[15,20774,20775,20811,20815,20836],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,20776,20777,20779,20781,20783,20785,20787,20789,20791,20793,20795,20797,20799,20801,20803,20805,20807,20809],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,20778,8821],{"class":80},[74,20780,85],{"class":84},[74,20782,10148],{"class":106},[74,20784,122],{"class":88},[74,20786,7323],{"class":92},[74,20788,122],{"class":88},[74,20790,679],{"class":106},[74,20792,89],{"class":88},[74,20794,12539],{"class":92},[74,20796,122],{"class":88},[74,20798,249],{"class":106},[74,20800,89],{"class":88},[74,20802,20697],{"class":92},[74,20804,122],{"class":88},[74,20806,679],{"class":106},[74,20808,3505],{"class":3504},[74,20810,8965],{"class":106},[74,20812,20813],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,20814,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,20816,20817,20819,20821,20823,20825,20827,20830,20832,20834],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,20818,103],{"class":102},[74,20820,107],{"class":106},[74,20822,122],{"class":88},[74,20824,20697],{"class":92},[74,20826,122],{"class":88},[74,20828,20829],{"class":3529}," in",[74,20831,14224],{"class":110},[74,20833,3311],{"class":106},[74,20835,3315],{"class":3314},[74,20837,20838,20840,20842,20844,20846,20848,20850,20852,20854],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,20839,103],{"class":102},[74,20841,107],{"class":106},[74,20843,122],{"class":88},[74,20845,10066],{"class":92},[74,20847,122],{"class":88},[74,20849,20829],{"class":3529},[74,20851,14224],{"class":110},[74,20853,3311],{"class":106},[74,20855,20856],{"class":3314},"      # False\n",[20,20858,20859,20860,114],{},"For a full beginner guide, see ",[125,20861,20862],{"href":16811},"how to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[60,20864,914],{"id":913},[20,20866,20867,20868,679],{},"Here are some common problems when using ",[15,20869,10398],{},[30,20871,20872,20877,20884,20889],{},[33,20873,20874,20875],{},"Using square brackets for optional keys and getting a ",[15,20876,19342],{},[33,20878,4355,20879,2039,20881,20883],{},[15,20880,10398],{},[15,20882,3429],{}," if no default is provided",[33,20885,4231,20886,20888],{},[15,20887,10398],{}," creates a key automatically",[33,20890,20891],{},"Using a default value of the wrong type",[20,20893,20894],{},"Debugging steps that help:",[65,20896,20898],{"className":67,"code":20897,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.get('name'))\nprint(type(my_dict.get('name')))\n",[15,20899,20900,20910,20924,20942,20964],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,20901,20902,20904,20906,20908],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,20903,103],{"class":102},[74,20905,107],{"class":106},[74,20907,11108],{"class":110},[74,20909,260],{"class":106},[74,20911,20912,20914,20916,20918,20920,20922],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,20913,103],{"class":102},[74,20915,107],{"class":106},[74,20917,11108],{"class":110},[74,20919,114],{"class":106},[74,20921,16582],{"class":110},[74,20923,6848],{"class":106},[74,20925,20926,20928,20930,20932,20934,20936,20938,20940],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,20927,103],{"class":102},[74,20929,107],{"class":106},[74,20931,2946],{"class":88},[74,20933,7323],{"class":92},[74,20935,2946],{"class":88},[74,20937,20829],{"class":3529},[74,20939,11424],{"class":110},[74,20941,260],{"class":106},[74,20943,20944,20946,20948,20950,20952,20954,20956,20958,20960,20962],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,20945,103],{"class":102},[74,20947,107],{"class":106},[74,20949,11108],{"class":110},[74,20951,114],{"class":106},[74,20953,19405],{"class":110},[74,20955,107],{"class":106},[74,20957,2946],{"class":88},[74,20959,7323],{"class":92},[74,20961,2946],{"class":88},[74,20963,130],{"class":106},[74,20965,20966,20968,20970,20972,20974,20976,20978,20980,20982,20984,20986,20988],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,20967,103],{"class":102},[74,20969,107],{"class":106},[74,20971,1346],{"class":1345},[74,20973,107],{"class":106},[74,20975,11108],{"class":110},[74,20977,114],{"class":106},[74,20979,19405],{"class":110},[74,20981,107],{"class":106},[74,20983,2946],{"class":88},[74,20985,7323],{"class":92},[74,20987,2946],{"class":88},[74,20989,2555],{"class":106},[20,20991,20992],{},"What these checks tell you:",[30,20994,20995,21000,21006,21012,21018],{},[33,20996,20997,20999],{},[15,20998,12338],{}," shows the full dictionary",[33,21001,21002,21005],{},[15,21003,21004],{},"print(my_dict.keys())"," shows which keys exist",[33,21007,21008,21011],{},[15,21009,21010],{},"print('name' in my_dict)"," checks if a specific key exists",[33,21013,21014,21017],{},[15,21015,21016],{},"print(my_dict.get('name'))"," shows the returned value",[33,21019,21020,21023],{},[15,21021,21022],{},"print(type(my_dict.get('name')))"," shows the value type",[20,21025,21026,21027,51,21032,21036],{},"You may also want to learn about ",[125,21028,21029,21030,10399],{"href":16720},"the dictionary ",[15,21031,16723],{},[125,21033,21029,21034,10399],{"href":16733},[15,21035,16736],{}," when inspecting dictionary contents.",[60,21038,1471],{"id":1470},[262,21040,1517,21042,21044,21045,2135],{"id":21041},"does-get-raise-keyerror",[15,21043,10398],{}," raise ",[15,21046,19342],{},[20,21048,21049,21050,21052],{},"No. If the key is missing, it returns ",[15,21051,3429],{}," or the default value you provide.",[262,21054,1517,21056,21058],{"id":21055},"does-get-add-a-key-to-the-dictionary",[15,21057,10398],{}," add a key to the dictionary?",[20,21060,21061],{},"No. It only reads a value safely.",[262,21063,21065,21066,2135],{"id":21064},"what-is-the-default-return-value-of-get","What is the default return value of ",[15,21067,10398],{},[20,21069,21070,21072],{},[15,21071,3429],{},", unless you pass a second argument.",[262,21074,21076,21077,21079],{"id":21075},"should-i-use-get-or-square-brackets","Should I use ",[15,21078,10398],{}," or square brackets?",[20,21081,176,21082,21084],{},[15,21083,10398],{}," for optional keys. Use square brackets when the key must exist.",[60,21086,1527],{"id":1526},[30,21088,21089,21093,21099,21105,21109,21114],{},[33,21090,21091],{},[125,21092,8811],{"href":8810},[33,21094,21095],{},[125,21096,10395,21097,10399],{"href":16720},[15,21098,16723],{},[33,21100,21101],{},[125,21102,10395,21103,10399],{"href":16733},[15,21104,16736],{},[33,21106,21107],{},[125,21108,16812],{"href":16811},[33,21110,21111],{},[125,21112,21113],{"href":16255},"How to access values in a dictionary in Python",[33,21115,21116],{},[125,21117,10921],{"href":10732},[1566,21119,21120],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":70,"searchDepth":99,"depth":99,"links":21122},[21123,21125,21126,21128,21133,21134,21142,21143,21153],{"id":19487,"depth":99,"text":21124},"What get() does",{"id":226,"depth":99,"text":227},{"id":19822,"depth":99,"text":21127},"When to use get()",{"id":19994,"depth":99,"text":21129,"children":21130},"get() vs square brackets",[21131,21132],{"id":20043,"depth":133,"text":20044},{"id":19405,"depth":133,"text":10398},{"id":20242,"depth":99,"text":20243},{"id":20455,"depth":99,"text":20456,"children":21135},[21136,21138,21140],{"id":20464,"depth":133,"text":21137},"get() does not add a missing key",{"id":20550,"depth":133,"text":21139},"get() does not change the dictionary",{"id":20640,"depth":133,"text":21141},"A stored value can also be None",{"id":913,"depth":99,"text":914},{"id":1470,"depth":99,"text":1471,"children":21144},[21145,21147,21149,21151],{"id":21041,"depth":133,"text":21146},"Does get() raise KeyError?",{"id":21055,"depth":133,"text":21148},"Does get() add a key to the dictionary?",{"id":21064,"depth":133,"text":21150},"What is the default return value of get()?",{"id":21075,"depth":133,"text":21152},"Should I use get() or square brackets?",{"id":1526,"depth":99,"text":1527},"Master python dictionary get method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method",{"title":19323,"description":21154},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method","nLl6HZ6KZg7GUYDF-4amCD2Q5QTayzRXFN3p-YK5PQI",{"id":21161,"title":21162,"body":21163,"description":23719,"extension":1610,"meta":23720,"navigation":407,"path":23721,"seo":23722,"stem":23723,"__hash__":23724},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method.md","Python Dictionary items() Method",{"type":7,"value":21164,"toc":23685},[21165,21170,21176,21182,21184,21266,21270,21287,21292,21297,21302,21304,21318,21320,21383,21387,21427,21435,21437,21439,21454,21457,21470,21472,21551,21555,21621,21623,21627,21635,21637,21648,21650,21760,21764,21843,21849,21855,21860,21973,21977,22009,22012,22119,22125,22132,22136,22139,22242,22246,22307,22310,22313,22324,22333,22336,22353,22355,22454,22458,22533,22536,22559,22564,22569,22586,22588,22709,22713,22747,22749,22753,22760,22770,22772,22850,22853,22924,22934,22937,22969,22972,23011,23017,23024,23027,23118,23122,23203,23209,23212,23215,23320,23323,23326,23448,23452,23455,23522,23526,23563,23569,23571,23577,23582,23588,23595,23601,23604,23643,23649,23652,23654,23682],[10,21166,10977,21168,18],{"id":21167},"python-dictionary-items-method",[15,21169,16736],{},[20,21171,1627,21172,21175],{},[15,21173,21174],{},"dict.items()"," method lets you get both the keys and values from a dictionary at the same time.",[20,21177,21178,21179,21181],{},"Beginners usually use it when looping through a dictionary. Instead of getting a key first and then looking up its value, ",[15,21180,16736],{}," gives you each key-value pair together.",[60,21183,63],{"id":62},[65,21185,21187],{"className":67,"code":21186,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,21188,21189,21225,21229,21252],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,21190,21191,21193,21195,21197,21199,21201,21203,21205,21207,21209,21211,21213,21215,21217,21219,21221,21223],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,21192,12861],{"class":80},[74,21194,85],{"class":84},[74,21196,10148],{"class":106},[74,21198,122],{"class":88},[74,21200,7323],{"class":92},[74,21202,122],{"class":88},[74,21204,679],{"class":106},[74,21206,89],{"class":88},[74,21208,12539],{"class":92},[74,21210,122],{"class":88},[74,21212,249],{"class":106},[74,21214,89],{"class":88},[74,21216,8955],{"class":92},[74,21218,122],{"class":88},[74,21220,679],{"class":106},[74,21222,8962],{"class":167},[74,21224,8965],{"class":106},[74,21226,21227],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,21228,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,21230,21231,21233,21236,21238,21241,21243,21245,21247,21249],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,21232,5609],{"class":3529},[74,21234,21235],{"class":80}," key",[74,21237,249],{"class":106},[74,21239,21240],{"class":80}," value ",[74,21242,351],{"class":3529},[74,21244,12904],{"class":80},[74,21246,114],{"class":106},[74,21248,7466],{"class":110},[74,21250,21251],{"class":106},"():\n",[74,21253,21254,21256,21258,21260,21262,21264],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,21255,7726],{"class":102},[74,21257,107],{"class":106},[74,21259,14499],{"class":110},[74,21261,249],{"class":106},[74,21263,8091],{"class":110},[74,21265,260],{"class":106},[20,21267,21268],{},[332,21269,157],{},[65,21271,21273],{"className":67,"code":21272,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"name Ana\nage 25\n",[15,21274,21275,21280],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,21276,21277],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,21278,21279],{"class":80},"name Ana\n",[74,21281,21282,21285],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,21283,21284],{"class":80},"age ",[74,21286,2353],{"class":167},[20,21288,176,21289,21291],{},[15,21290,16736],{}," when you need both the dictionary key and its value in the same loop.",[60,21293,3328,21295,38],{"id":21294},"what-items-does",[15,21296,16736],{},[20,21298,21299,21301],{},[15,21300,16736],{}," returns all key-value pairs from a dictionary.",[20,21303,11117],{},[30,21305,21306,21312,21315],{},[33,21307,21308,21309],{},"Each result is a pair in the form ",[15,21310,21311],{},"(key, value)",[33,21313,21314],{},"Each pair is a tuple",[33,21316,21317],{},"The most common use is looping through a dictionary",[20,21319,506],{},[65,21321,21323],{"className":67,"code":21322,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,21324,21325,21361,21365],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,21326,21327,21329,21331,21333,21335,21337,21339,21341,21343,21345,21347,21349,21351,21353,21355,21357,21359],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,21328,12861],{"class":80},[74,21330,85],{"class":84},[74,21332,10148],{"class":106},[74,21334,122],{"class":88},[74,21336,7323],{"class":92},[74,21338,122],{"class":88},[74,21340,679],{"class":106},[74,21342,89],{"class":88},[74,21344,12539],{"class":92},[74,21346,122],{"class":88},[74,21348,249],{"class":106},[74,21350,89],{"class":88},[74,21352,8955],{"class":92},[74,21354,122],{"class":88},[74,21356,679],{"class":106},[74,21358,8962],{"class":167},[74,21360,8965],{"class":106},[74,21362,21363],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,21364,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,21366,21367,21369,21371,21373,21375,21377,21379,21381],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,21368,103],{"class":102},[74,21370,107],{"class":106},[74,21372,7751],{"class":1345},[74,21374,107],{"class":106},[74,21376,16965],{"class":110},[74,21378,114],{"class":106},[74,21380,7466],{"class":110},[74,21382,5942],{"class":106},[20,21384,21385],{},[332,21386,157],{},[65,21388,21390],{"className":67,"code":21389,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,21391,21392],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,21393,21394,21397,21399,21401,21403,21405,21407,21409,21411,21413,21415,21417,21419,21421,21423,21425],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,21395,21396],{"class":106},"[(",[74,21398,2946],{"class":88},[74,21400,7323],{"class":92},[74,21402,2946],{"class":88},[74,21404,249],{"class":106},[74,21406,2941],{"class":88},[74,21408,12539],{"class":92},[74,21410,2946],{"class":88},[74,21412,8889],{"class":106},[74,21414,8892],{"class":106},[74,21416,2946],{"class":88},[74,21418,8955],{"class":92},[74,21420,2946],{"class":88},[74,21422,249],{"class":106},[74,21424,8962],{"class":167},[74,21426,8905],{"class":106},[20,21428,21429,21430,339,21432,114],{},"If you are still learning dictionaries, see ",[125,21431,8811],{"href":12680},[125,21433,14682],{"href":21434},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python",[60,21436,227],{"id":226},[20,21438,5084],{},[65,21440,21442],{"className":67,"code":21441,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"my_dict.items()\n",[15,21443,21444],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,21445,21446,21448,21450,21452],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,21447,11108],{"class":80},[74,21449,114],{"class":106},[74,21451,7466],{"class":110},[74,21453,8299],{"class":106},[20,21455,21456],{},"Things to remember:",[30,21458,21459,21464,21467],{},[33,21460,21461,21463],{},[15,21462,16736],{}," does not take any arguments",[33,21465,21466],{},"It does not change the original dictionary",[33,21468,21469],{},"It gives you a way to access key-value pairs",[20,21471,506],{},[65,21473,21475],{"className":67,"code":21474,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"scores = {\"Alice\": 90, \"Bob\": 85}\n\nresult = scores.items()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,21476,21477,21509,21513,21527,21531,21541],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,21478,21479,21481,21483,21485,21487,21489,21491,21493,21495,21497,21499,21501,21503,21505,21507],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,21480,4715],{"class":80},[74,21482,85],{"class":84},[74,21484,10148],{"class":106},[74,21486,122],{"class":88},[74,21488,4655],{"class":92},[74,21490,122],{"class":88},[74,21492,679],{"class":106},[74,21494,19553],{"class":167},[74,21496,249],{"class":106},[74,21498,89],{"class":88},[74,21500,4664],{"class":92},[74,21502,122],{"class":88},[74,21504,679],{"class":106},[74,21506,13164],{"class":167},[74,21508,8965],{"class":106},[74,21510,21511],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,21512,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,21514,21515,21517,21519,21521,21523,21525],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,21516,383],{"class":80},[74,21518,85],{"class":84},[74,21520,4762],{"class":80},[74,21522,114],{"class":106},[74,21524,7466],{"class":110},[74,21526,8299],{"class":106},[74,21528,21529],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,21530,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,21532,21533,21535,21537,21539],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,21534,103],{"class":102},[74,21536,107],{"class":106},[74,21538,418],{"class":110},[74,21540,260],{"class":106},[74,21542,21543,21545,21547,21549],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,21544,103],{"class":102},[74,21546,107],{"class":106},[74,21548,16047],{"class":110},[74,21550,260],{"class":106},[20,21552,21553],{},[332,21554,157],{},[65,21556,21558],{"className":67,"code":21557,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"dict_items([('Alice', 90), ('Bob', 85)])\n{'Alice': 90, 'Bob': 85}\n",[15,21559,21560,21593],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,21561,21562,21565,21567,21569,21571,21573,21575,21577,21579,21581,21583,21585,21587,21589,21591],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,21563,21564],{"class":110},"dict_items",[74,21566,9314],{"class":106},[74,21568,2946],{"class":88},[74,21570,4655],{"class":92},[74,21572,2946],{"class":88},[74,21574,249],{"class":106},[74,21576,19553],{"class":167},[74,21578,8889],{"class":106},[74,21580,8892],{"class":106},[74,21582,2946],{"class":88},[74,21584,4664],{"class":92},[74,21586,2946],{"class":88},[74,21588,249],{"class":106},[74,21590,13164],{"class":167},[74,21592,10337],{"class":106},[74,21594,21595,21597,21599,21601,21603,21605,21607,21609,21611,21613,21615,21617,21619],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,21596,8934],{"class":106},[74,21598,2946],{"class":88},[74,21600,4655],{"class":92},[74,21602,2946],{"class":88},[74,21604,679],{"class":106},[74,21606,19553],{"class":167},[74,21608,249],{"class":106},[74,21610,2941],{"class":88},[74,21612,4664],{"class":92},[74,21614,2946],{"class":88},[74,21616,679],{"class":106},[74,21618,13164],{"class":167},[74,21620,8965],{"class":106},[20,21622,20547],{},[60,21624,21626],{"id":21625},"what-it-returns","What it returns",[20,21628,21629,21631,21632,21634],{},[15,21630,16736],{}," returns a ",[15,21633,21564],{}," view object.",[20,21636,776],{},[30,21638,21639,21642,21645],{},[33,21640,21641],{},"You can loop over it",[33,21643,21644],{},"You can convert it to a list if needed",[33,21646,21647],{},"It reflects changes made to the dictionary",[20,21649,506],{},[65,21651,21653],{"className":67,"code":21652,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\npairs = data.items()\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n\ndata[\"z\"] = 3\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,21654,21655,21687,21701,21705,21719,21723,21742,21746],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,21656,21657,21659,21661,21663,21665,21667,21669,21671,21673,21675,21677,21679,21681,21683,21685],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,21658,8821],{"class":80},[74,21660,85],{"class":84},[74,21662,10148],{"class":106},[74,21664,122],{"class":88},[74,21666,1816],{"class":92},[74,21668,122],{"class":88},[74,21670,679],{"class":106},[74,21672,5148],{"class":167},[74,21674,249],{"class":106},[74,21676,89],{"class":88},[74,21678,11403],{"class":92},[74,21680,122],{"class":88},[74,21682,679],{"class":106},[74,21684,620],{"class":167},[74,21686,8965],{"class":106},[74,21688,21689,21691,21693,21695,21697,21699],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,21690,8871],{"class":80},[74,21692,85],{"class":84},[74,21694,14224],{"class":80},[74,21696,114],{"class":106},[74,21698,7466],{"class":110},[74,21700,8299],{"class":106},[74,21702,21703],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,21704,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,21706,21707,21709,21711,21713,21715,21717],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,21708,103],{"class":102},[74,21710,107],{"class":106},[74,21712,7751],{"class":1345},[74,21714,107],{"class":106},[74,21716,8918],{"class":110},[74,21718,130],{"class":106},[74,21720,21721],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,21722,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,21724,21725,21727,21729,21731,21734,21736,21738,21740],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,21726,8860],{"class":80},[74,21728,742],{"class":106},[74,21730,122],{"class":88},[74,21732,21733],{"class":92},"z",[74,21735,122],{"class":88},[74,21737,12930],{"class":106},[74,21739,12933],{"class":84},[74,21741,2221],{"class":167},[74,21743,21744],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,21745,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,21747,21748,21750,21752,21754,21756,21758],{"class":76,"line":6079},[74,21749,103],{"class":102},[74,21751,107],{"class":106},[74,21753,7751],{"class":1345},[74,21755,107],{"class":106},[74,21757,8918],{"class":110},[74,21759,130],{"class":106},[20,21761,21762],{},[332,21763,157],{},[65,21765,21767],{"className":67,"code":21766,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"[('x', 1), ('y', 2)]\n[('x', 1), ('y', 2), ('z', 3)]\n",[15,21768,21769,21799],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,21770,21771,21773,21775,21777,21779,21781,21783,21785,21787,21789,21791,21793,21795,21797],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,21772,21396],{"class":106},[74,21774,2946],{"class":88},[74,21776,1816],{"class":92},[74,21778,2946],{"class":88},[74,21780,249],{"class":106},[74,21782,5148],{"class":167},[74,21784,8889],{"class":106},[74,21786,8892],{"class":106},[74,21788,2946],{"class":88},[74,21790,11403],{"class":92},[74,21792,2946],{"class":88},[74,21794,249],{"class":106},[74,21796,620],{"class":167},[74,21798,8905],{"class":106},[74,21800,21801,21803,21805,21807,21809,21811,21813,21815,21817,21819,21821,21823,21825,21827,21829,21831,21833,21835,21837,21839,21841],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,21802,21396],{"class":106},[74,21804,2946],{"class":88},[74,21806,1816],{"class":92},[74,21808,2946],{"class":88},[74,21810,249],{"class":106},[74,21812,5148],{"class":167},[74,21814,8889],{"class":106},[74,21816,8892],{"class":106},[74,21818,2946],{"class":88},[74,21820,11403],{"class":92},[74,21822,2946],{"class":88},[74,21824,249],{"class":106},[74,21826,620],{"class":167},[74,21828,8889],{"class":106},[74,21830,8892],{"class":106},[74,21832,2946],{"class":88},[74,21834,21733],{"class":92},[74,21836,2946],{"class":88},[74,21838,249],{"class":106},[74,21840,2094],{"class":167},[74,21842,8905],{"class":106},[20,21844,21845,21846,21848],{},"This happens because ",[15,21847,8918],{}," is a view of the dictionary data, not a separate copied list.",[60,21850,21852,21853],{"id":21851},"looping-with-items","Looping with ",[15,21854,16736],{},[20,21856,21857,21858,679],{},"This is the most common way beginners use ",[15,21859,16736],{},[65,21861,21863],{"className":67,"code":21862,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key, value in student.items():\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,21864,21865,21918,21922,21942],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,21866,21867,21869,21871,21873,21875,21877,21879,21881,21883,21885,21887,21889,21891,21893,21895,21897,21899,21902,21904,21906,21908,21910,21912,21914,21916],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,21868,12522],{"class":80},[74,21870,85],{"class":84},[74,21872,10148],{"class":106},[74,21874,122],{"class":88},[74,21876,7323],{"class":92},[74,21878,122],{"class":88},[74,21880,679],{"class":106},[74,21882,89],{"class":88},[74,21884,7578],{"class":92},[74,21886,122],{"class":88},[74,21888,249],{"class":106},[74,21890,89],{"class":88},[74,21892,19546],{"class":92},[74,21894,122],{"class":88},[74,21896,679],{"class":106},[74,21898,89],{"class":88},[74,21900,21901],{"class":92},"A",[74,21903,122],{"class":88},[74,21905,249],{"class":106},[74,21907,89],{"class":88},[74,21909,8955],{"class":92},[74,21911,122],{"class":88},[74,21913,679],{"class":106},[74,21915,13515],{"class":167},[74,21917,8965],{"class":106},[74,21919,21920],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,21921,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,21923,21924,21926,21928,21930,21932,21934,21936,21938,21940],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,21925,5609],{"class":3529},[74,21927,21235],{"class":80},[74,21929,249],{"class":106},[74,21931,21240],{"class":80},[74,21933,351],{"class":3529},[74,21935,12565],{"class":80},[74,21937,114],{"class":106},[74,21939,7466],{"class":110},[74,21941,21251],{"class":106},[74,21943,21944,21946,21948,21951,21953,21955,21957,21960,21963,21965,21967,21969,21971],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,21945,7726],{"class":102},[74,21947,107],{"class":106},[74,21949,21950],{"class":1711},"f",[74,21952,122],{"class":92},[74,21954,8934],{"class":167},[74,21956,14499],{"class":110},[74,21958,21959],{"class":167},"}",[74,21961,21962],{"class":92},": ",[74,21964,8934],{"class":167},[74,21966,246],{"class":110},[74,21968,21959],{"class":167},[74,21970,122],{"class":92},[74,21972,260],{"class":106},[20,21974,21975],{},[332,21976,157],{},[65,21978,21980],{"className":67,"code":21979,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"name: Mia\ngrade: A\nage: 14\n",[15,21981,21982,21991,22000],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,21983,21984,21986,21988],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,21985,7323],{"class":80},[74,21987,679],{"class":106},[74,21989,21990],{"class":80}," Mia\n",[74,21992,21993,21995,21997],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,21994,19546],{"class":80},[74,21996,679],{"class":106},[74,21998,21999],{"class":80}," A\n",[74,22001,22002,22004,22006],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,22003,8955],{"class":80},[74,22005,679],{"class":106},[74,22007,22008],{"class":167}," 14\n",[20,22010,22011],{},"This pattern is clearer than looping through keys and then looking up each value:",[65,22013,22015],{"className":67,"code":22014,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key in student:\n    print(f\"{key}: {student[key]}\")\n",[15,22016,22017,22069,22073,22085],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,22018,22019,22021,22023,22025,22027,22029,22031,22033,22035,22037,22039,22041,22043,22045,22047,22049,22051,22053,22055,22057,22059,22061,22063,22065,22067],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,22020,12522],{"class":80},[74,22022,85],{"class":84},[74,22024,10148],{"class":106},[74,22026,122],{"class":88},[74,22028,7323],{"class":92},[74,22030,122],{"class":88},[74,22032,679],{"class":106},[74,22034,89],{"class":88},[74,22036,7578],{"class":92},[74,22038,122],{"class":88},[74,22040,249],{"class":106},[74,22042,89],{"class":88},[74,22044,19546],{"class":92},[74,22046,122],{"class":88},[74,22048,679],{"class":106},[74,22050,89],{"class":88},[74,22052,21901],{"class":92},[74,22054,122],{"class":88},[74,22056,249],{"class":106},[74,22058,89],{"class":88},[74,22060,8955],{"class":92},[74,22062,122],{"class":88},[74,22064,679],{"class":106},[74,22066,13515],{"class":167},[74,22068,8965],{"class":106},[74,22070,22071],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,22072,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,22074,22075,22077,22079,22081,22083],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,22076,5609],{"class":3529},[74,22078,17863],{"class":80},[74,22080,351],{"class":3529},[74,22082,12565],{"class":80},[74,22084,6046],{"class":106},[74,22086,22087,22089,22091,22093,22095,22097,22099,22101,22103,22105,22107,22109,22111,22113,22115,22117],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,22088,7726],{"class":102},[74,22090,107],{"class":106},[74,22092,21950],{"class":1711},[74,22094,122],{"class":92},[74,22096,8934],{"class":167},[74,22098,14499],{"class":110},[74,22100,21959],{"class":167},[74,22102,21962],{"class":92},[74,22104,8934],{"class":167},[74,22106,13283],{"class":110},[74,22108,742],{"class":106},[74,22110,14499],{"class":110},[74,22112,12930],{"class":106},[74,22114,21959],{"class":167},[74,22116,122],{"class":92},[74,22118,260],{"class":106},[20,22120,6164,22121,22124],{},[15,22122,22123],{},"for key, value in student.items()"," is often easier to read when you need both parts.",[20,22126,22127,22128,114],{},"For a full guide, see ",[125,22129,22131],{"href":22130},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python","how to loop through a dictionary in Python",[60,22133,22135],{"id":22134},"converting-the-result","Converting the result",[20,22137,22138],{},"If you want to see all pairs clearly, you can convert the result to a list:",[65,22140,22142],{"className":67,"code":22141,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"colors = {\"apple\": \"red\", \"banana\": \"yellow\", \"grape\": \"purple\"}\n\npairs_list = list(colors.items())\n\nprint(pairs_list)\n",[15,22143,22144,22203,22207,22227,22231],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,22145,22146,22148,22150,22152,22154,22156,22158,22160,22162,22164,22166,22168,22170,22172,22174,22176,22178,22181,22183,22185,22187,22190,22192,22194,22196,22199,22201],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,22147,12732],{"class":80},[74,22149,85],{"class":84},[74,22151,10148],{"class":106},[74,22153,122],{"class":88},[74,22155,376],{"class":92},[74,22157,122],{"class":88},[74,22159,679],{"class":106},[74,22161,89],{"class":88},[74,22163,12749],{"class":92},[74,22165,122],{"class":88},[74,22167,249],{"class":106},[74,22169,89],{"class":88},[74,22171,93],{"class":92},[74,22173,122],{"class":88},[74,22175,679],{"class":106},[74,22177,89],{"class":88},[74,22179,22180],{"class":92},"yellow",[74,22182,122],{"class":88},[74,22184,249],{"class":106},[74,22186,89],{"class":88},[74,22188,22189],{"class":92},"grape",[74,22191,122],{"class":88},[74,22193,679],{"class":106},[74,22195,89],{"class":88},[74,22197,22198],{"class":92},"purple",[74,22200,122],{"class":88},[74,22202,8965],{"class":106},[74,22204,22205],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,22206,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,22208,22209,22212,22214,22217,22219,22221,22223,22225],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,22210,22211],{"class":80},"pairs_list ",[74,22213,85],{"class":84},[74,22215,22216],{"class":1345}," list",[74,22218,107],{"class":106},[74,22220,17157],{"class":110},[74,22222,114],{"class":106},[74,22224,7466],{"class":110},[74,22226,6848],{"class":106},[74,22228,22229],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,22230,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,22232,22233,22235,22237,22240],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,22234,103],{"class":102},[74,22236,107],{"class":106},[74,22238,22239],{"class":110},"pairs_list",[74,22241,260],{"class":106},[20,22243,22244],{},[332,22245,157],{},[65,22247,22249],{"className":67,"code":22248,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"[('apple', 'red'), ('banana', 'yellow'), ('grape', 'purple')]\n",[15,22250,22251],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,22252,22253,22255,22257,22259,22261,22263,22265,22267,22269,22271,22273,22275,22277,22279,22281,22283,22285,22287,22289,22291,22293,22295,22297,22299,22301,22303,22305],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,22254,21396],{"class":106},[74,22256,2946],{"class":88},[74,22258,376],{"class":92},[74,22260,2946],{"class":88},[74,22262,249],{"class":106},[74,22264,2941],{"class":88},[74,22266,12749],{"class":92},[74,22268,2946],{"class":88},[74,22270,8889],{"class":106},[74,22272,8892],{"class":106},[74,22274,2946],{"class":88},[74,22276,93],{"class":92},[74,22278,2946],{"class":88},[74,22280,249],{"class":106},[74,22282,2941],{"class":88},[74,22284,22180],{"class":92},[74,22286,2946],{"class":88},[74,22288,8889],{"class":106},[74,22290,8892],{"class":106},[74,22292,2946],{"class":88},[74,22294,22189],{"class":92},[74,22296,2946],{"class":88},[74,22298,249],{"class":106},[74,22300,2941],{"class":88},[74,22302,22198],{"class":92},[74,22304,2946],{"class":88},[74,22306,8905],{"class":106},[20,22308,22309],{},"This creates a list of tuples.",[20,22311,22312],{},"Use this when:",[30,22314,22315,22318,22321],{},[33,22316,22317],{},"You want clearer printed output",[33,22319,22320],{},"You need list behavior",[33,22322,22323],{},"You want to inspect all pairs at once",[60,22325,22327,10243,22329,10243,22331],{"id":22326},"items-vs-keys-vs-values",[15,22328,16736],{},[15,22330,16723],{},[15,22332,16729],{},[20,22334,22335],{},"Dictionary methods give different parts of the dictionary:",[30,22337,22338,22343,22348],{},[33,22339,22340,22342],{},[15,22341,16736],{}," gives both key and value",[33,22344,22345,22347],{},[15,22346,16723],{}," gives only keys",[33,22349,22350,22352],{},[15,22351,16729],{}," gives only values",[20,22354,506],{},[65,22356,22358],{"className":67,"code":22357,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.keys()))\nprint(list(person.values()))\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,22359,22360,22396,22400,22418,22436],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,22361,22362,22364,22366,22368,22370,22372,22374,22376,22378,22380,22382,22384,22386,22388,22390,22392,22394],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,22363,12861],{"class":80},[74,22365,85],{"class":84},[74,22367,10148],{"class":106},[74,22369,122],{"class":88},[74,22371,7323],{"class":92},[74,22373,122],{"class":88},[74,22375,679],{"class":106},[74,22377,89],{"class":88},[74,22379,12539],{"class":92},[74,22381,122],{"class":88},[74,22383,249],{"class":106},[74,22385,89],{"class":88},[74,22387,8955],{"class":92},[74,22389,122],{"class":88},[74,22391,679],{"class":106},[74,22393,8962],{"class":167},[74,22395,8965],{"class":106},[74,22397,22398],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,22399,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,22401,22402,22404,22406,22408,22410,22412,22414,22416],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,22403,103],{"class":102},[74,22405,107],{"class":106},[74,22407,7751],{"class":1345},[74,22409,107],{"class":106},[74,22411,16965],{"class":110},[74,22413,114],{"class":106},[74,22415,16582],{"class":110},[74,22417,5942],{"class":106},[74,22419,22420,22422,22424,22426,22428,22430,22432,22434],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,22421,103],{"class":102},[74,22423,107],{"class":106},[74,22425,7751],{"class":1345},[74,22427,107],{"class":106},[74,22429,16965],{"class":110},[74,22431,114],{"class":106},[74,22433,5008],{"class":110},[74,22435,5942],{"class":106},[74,22437,22438,22440,22442,22444,22446,22448,22450,22452],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,22439,103],{"class":102},[74,22441,107],{"class":106},[74,22443,7751],{"class":1345},[74,22445,107],{"class":106},[74,22447,16965],{"class":110},[74,22449,114],{"class":106},[74,22451,7466],{"class":110},[74,22453,5942],{"class":106},[20,22455,22456],{},[332,22457,157],{},[65,22459,22461],{"className":67,"code":22460,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"['name', 'age']\n['Ana', 25]\n[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,22462,22463,22483,22499],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,22464,22465,22467,22469,22471,22473,22475,22477,22479,22481],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,22466,742],{"class":106},[74,22468,2946],{"class":88},[74,22470,7323],{"class":92},[74,22472,2946],{"class":88},[74,22474,249],{"class":106},[74,22476,2941],{"class":88},[74,22478,8955],{"class":92},[74,22480,2946],{"class":88},[74,22482,3284],{"class":106},[74,22484,22485,22487,22489,22491,22493,22495,22497],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,22486,742],{"class":106},[74,22488,2946],{"class":88},[74,22490,12539],{"class":92},[74,22492,2946],{"class":88},[74,22494,249],{"class":106},[74,22496,8962],{"class":167},[74,22498,3284],{"class":106},[74,22500,22501,22503,22505,22507,22509,22511,22513,22515,22517,22519,22521,22523,22525,22527,22529,22531],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,22502,21396],{"class":106},[74,22504,2946],{"class":88},[74,22506,7323],{"class":92},[74,22508,2946],{"class":88},[74,22510,249],{"class":106},[74,22512,2941],{"class":88},[74,22514,12539],{"class":92},[74,22516,2946],{"class":88},[74,22518,8889],{"class":106},[74,22520,8892],{"class":106},[74,22522,2946],{"class":88},[74,22524,8955],{"class":92},[74,22526,2946],{"class":88},[74,22528,249],{"class":106},[74,22530,8962],{"class":167},[74,22532,8905],{"class":106},[20,22534,22535],{},"Use the method that matches your task:",[30,22537,22538,22546,22554],{},[33,22539,22540,22541],{},"Need just keys? Use ",[125,22542,22544],{"href":22543},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method",[15,22545,16723],{},[33,22547,22548,22549],{},"Need just values? Use ",[125,22550,22552],{"href":22551},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method",[15,22553,16729],{},[33,22555,22556,22557],{},"Need both together? Use ",[15,22558,16736],{},[60,22560,1260,22562],{"id":22561},"when-to-use-items",[15,22563,16736],{},[20,22565,22566,22568],{},[15,22567,16736],{}," is useful for tasks like:",[30,22570,22571,22574,22577,22580,22583],{},[33,22572,22573],{},"Printing dictionary contents",[33,22575,22576],{},"Building formatted output",[33,22578,22579],{},"Looping through settings and values",[33,22581,22582],{},"Showing names with scores",[33,22584,22585],{},"Working with labels and their data",[20,22587,506],{},[65,22589,22591],{"className":67,"code":22590,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"settings = {\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"language\": \"English\",\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\n\nfor setting, value in settings.items():\n    print(f\"{setting} = {value}\")\n",[15,22592,22593,22601,22619,22638,22650,22654,22658,22679],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,22594,22595,22597,22599],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,22596,13483],{"class":80},[74,22598,85],{"class":84},[74,22600,11150],{"class":106},[74,22602,22603,22605,22607,22609,22611,22613,22615,22617],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,22604,11155],{"class":88},[74,22606,12153],{"class":92},[74,22608,122],{"class":88},[74,22610,679],{"class":106},[74,22612,89],{"class":88},[74,22614,12162],{"class":92},[74,22616,122],{"class":88},[74,22618,11171],{"class":106},[74,22620,22621,22623,22625,22627,22629,22631,22634,22636],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,22622,11155],{"class":88},[74,22624,19778],{"class":92},[74,22626,122],{"class":88},[74,22628,679],{"class":106},[74,22630,89],{"class":88},[74,22632,22633],{"class":92},"English",[74,22635,122],{"class":88},[74,22637,11171],{"class":106},[74,22639,22640,22642,22644,22646,22648],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,22641,11155],{"class":88},[74,22643,18179],{"class":92},[74,22645,122],{"class":88},[74,22647,679],{"class":106},[74,22649,6076],{"class":3504},[74,22651,22652],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,22653,8965],{"class":106},[74,22655,22656],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,22657,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,22659,22660,22662,22665,22667,22669,22671,22673,22675,22677],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,22661,5609],{"class":3529},[74,22663,22664],{"class":80}," setting",[74,22666,249],{"class":106},[74,22668,21240],{"class":80},[74,22670,351],{"class":3529},[74,22672,13527],{"class":80},[74,22674,114],{"class":106},[74,22676,7466],{"class":110},[74,22678,21251],{"class":106},[74,22680,22681,22683,22685,22687,22689,22691,22694,22696,22699,22701,22703,22705,22707],{"class":76,"line":6079},[74,22682,7726],{"class":102},[74,22684,107],{"class":106},[74,22686,21950],{"class":1711},[74,22688,122],{"class":92},[74,22690,8934],{"class":167},[74,22692,22693],{"class":110},"setting",[74,22695,21959],{"class":167},[74,22697,22698],{"class":92}," = ",[74,22700,8934],{"class":167},[74,22702,246],{"class":110},[74,22704,21959],{"class":167},[74,22706,122],{"class":92},[74,22708,260],{"class":106},[20,22710,22711],{},[332,22712,157],{},[65,22714,22716],{"className":67,"code":22715,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"theme = dark\nlanguage = English\nnotifications = True\n",[15,22717,22718,22728,22738],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,22719,22720,22723,22725],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,22721,22722],{"class":80},"theme ",[74,22724,85],{"class":84},[74,22726,22727],{"class":80}," dark\n",[74,22729,22730,22733,22735],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,22731,22732],{"class":80},"language ",[74,22734,85],{"class":84},[74,22736,22737],{"class":80}," English\n",[74,22739,22740,22743,22745],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,22741,22742],{"class":80},"notifications ",[74,22744,85],{"class":84},[74,22746,6076],{"class":3504},[60,22748,914],{"id":913},[20,22750,917,22751,114],{},[15,22752,16736],{},[262,22754,22756,22757,22759],{"id":22755},"trying-to-unpack-items-incorrectly","Trying to unpack ",[15,22758,16736],{}," incorrectly",[20,22761,22762,22763,22765,22766,22769],{},"Each result from ",[15,22764,16736],{}," has ",[332,22767,22768],{},"two parts",": a key and a value.",[20,22771,6341],{},[65,22773,22774],{"className":67,"code":21186,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,22775,22776,22812,22816,22836],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,22777,22778,22780,22782,22784,22786,22788,22790,22792,22794,22796,22798,22800,22802,22804,22806,22808,22810],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,22779,12861],{"class":80},[74,22781,85],{"class":84},[74,22783,10148],{"class":106},[74,22785,122],{"class":88},[74,22787,7323],{"class":92},[74,22789,122],{"class":88},[74,22791,679],{"class":106},[74,22793,89],{"class":88},[74,22795,12539],{"class":92},[74,22797,122],{"class":88},[74,22799,249],{"class":106},[74,22801,89],{"class":88},[74,22803,8955],{"class":92},[74,22805,122],{"class":88},[74,22807,679],{"class":106},[74,22809,8962],{"class":167},[74,22811,8965],{"class":106},[74,22813,22814],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,22815,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,22817,22818,22820,22822,22824,22826,22828,22830,22832,22834],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,22819,5609],{"class":3529},[74,22821,21235],{"class":80},[74,22823,249],{"class":106},[74,22825,21240],{"class":80},[74,22827,351],{"class":3529},[74,22829,12904],{"class":80},[74,22831,114],{"class":106},[74,22833,7466],{"class":110},[74,22835,21251],{"class":106},[74,22837,22838,22840,22842,22844,22846,22848],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,22839,7726],{"class":102},[74,22841,107],{"class":106},[74,22843,14499],{"class":110},[74,22845,249],{"class":106},[74,22847,8091],{"class":110},[74,22849,260],{"class":106},[20,22851,22852],{},"This is wrong because it tries to unpack into only one variable pattern:",[65,22854,22856],{"className":67,"code":22855,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key in person.items():\n    print(key)\n",[15,22857,22858,22894,22898,22914],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,22859,22860,22862,22864,22866,22868,22870,22872,22874,22876,22878,22880,22882,22884,22886,22888,22890,22892],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,22861,12861],{"class":80},[74,22863,85],{"class":84},[74,22865,10148],{"class":106},[74,22867,122],{"class":88},[74,22869,7323],{"class":92},[74,22871,122],{"class":88},[74,22873,679],{"class":106},[74,22875,89],{"class":88},[74,22877,12539],{"class":92},[74,22879,122],{"class":88},[74,22881,249],{"class":106},[74,22883,89],{"class":88},[74,22885,8955],{"class":92},[74,22887,122],{"class":88},[74,22889,679],{"class":106},[74,22891,8962],{"class":167},[74,22893,8965],{"class":106},[74,22895,22896],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,22897,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,22899,22900,22902,22904,22906,22908,22910,22912],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,22901,5609],{"class":3529},[74,22903,17863],{"class":80},[74,22905,351],{"class":3529},[74,22907,12904],{"class":80},[74,22909,114],{"class":106},[74,22911,7466],{"class":110},[74,22913,21251],{"class":106},[74,22915,22916,22918,22920,22922],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,22917,7726],{"class":102},[74,22919,107],{"class":106},[74,22921,14499],{"class":110},[74,22923,260],{"class":106},[20,22925,22926,22927,22929,22930,22933],{},"This code is not an error, but ",[15,22928,14499],{}," is actually the full tuple, such as ",[15,22931,22932],{},"('name', 'Ana')",", not just the key.",[20,22935,22936],{},"If you want the full pair, use one variable:",[65,22938,22940],{"className":67,"code":22939,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"for item in person.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,22941,22942,22958],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,22943,22944,22946,22948,22950,22952,22954,22956],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,22945,5609],{"class":3529},[74,22947,5612],{"class":80},[74,22949,351],{"class":3529},[74,22951,12904],{"class":80},[74,22953,114],{"class":106},[74,22955,7466],{"class":110},[74,22957,21251],{"class":106},[74,22959,22960,22962,22964,22967],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,22961,7726],{"class":102},[74,22963,107],{"class":106},[74,22965,22966],{"class":110},"item",[74,22968,260],{"class":106},[20,22970,22971],{},"If you want separate key and value, use two variables:",[65,22973,22975],{"className":67,"code":22974,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"for key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,22976,22977,22997],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,22978,22979,22981,22983,22985,22987,22989,22991,22993,22995],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,22980,5609],{"class":3529},[74,22982,21235],{"class":80},[74,22984,249],{"class":106},[74,22986,21240],{"class":80},[74,22988,351],{"class":3529},[74,22990,12904],{"class":80},[74,22992,114],{"class":106},[74,22994,7466],{"class":110},[74,22996,21251],{"class":106},[74,22998,22999,23001,23003,23005,23007,23009],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,23000,7726],{"class":102},[74,23002,107],{"class":106},[74,23004,14499],{"class":110},[74,23006,249],{"class":106},[74,23008,8091],{"class":110},[74,23010,260],{"class":106},[262,23012,923,23014,23016],{"id":23013},"expecting-items-to-return-a-regular-list",[15,23015,16736],{}," to return a regular list",[20,23018,23019,21631,23021,23023],{},[15,23020,16736],{},[15,23022,21564],{}," object, not a list.",[20,23025,23026],{},"Check it:",[65,23028,23030],{"className":67,"code":23029,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"my_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(my_dict.items())\nprint(type(my_dict.items()))\nprint(list(my_dict.items()))\n",[15,23031,23032,23064,23068,23082,23100],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,23033,23034,23036,23038,23040,23042,23044,23046,23048,23050,23052,23054,23056,23058,23060,23062],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,23035,11382],{"class":80},[74,23037,85],{"class":84},[74,23039,10148],{"class":106},[74,23041,122],{"class":88},[74,23043,125],{"class":92},[74,23045,122],{"class":88},[74,23047,679],{"class":106},[74,23049,5148],{"class":167},[74,23051,249],{"class":106},[74,23053,89],{"class":88},[74,23055,4412],{"class":92},[74,23057,122],{"class":88},[74,23059,679],{"class":106},[74,23061,620],{"class":167},[74,23063,8965],{"class":106},[74,23065,23066],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,23067,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,23069,23070,23072,23074,23076,23078,23080],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,23071,103],{"class":102},[74,23073,107],{"class":106},[74,23075,11108],{"class":110},[74,23077,114],{"class":106},[74,23079,7466],{"class":110},[74,23081,6848],{"class":106},[74,23083,23084,23086,23088,23090,23092,23094,23096,23098],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,23085,103],{"class":102},[74,23087,107],{"class":106},[74,23089,1346],{"class":1345},[74,23091,107],{"class":106},[74,23093,11108],{"class":110},[74,23095,114],{"class":106},[74,23097,7466],{"class":110},[74,23099,5942],{"class":106},[74,23101,23102,23104,23106,23108,23110,23112,23114,23116],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,23103,103],{"class":102},[74,23105,107],{"class":106},[74,23107,7751],{"class":1345},[74,23109,107],{"class":106},[74,23111,11108],{"class":110},[74,23113,114],{"class":106},[74,23115,7466],{"class":110},[74,23117,5942],{"class":106},[20,23119,23120],{},[332,23121,157],{},[65,23123,23125],{"className":67,"code":23124,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"dict_items([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_items'>\n[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\n",[15,23126,23127,23159,23173],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,23128,23129,23131,23133,23135,23137,23139,23141,23143,23145,23147,23149,23151,23153,23155,23157],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,23130,21564],{"class":110},[74,23132,9314],{"class":106},[74,23134,2946],{"class":88},[74,23136,125],{"class":92},[74,23138,2946],{"class":88},[74,23140,249],{"class":106},[74,23142,5148],{"class":167},[74,23144,8889],{"class":106},[74,23146,8892],{"class":106},[74,23148,2946],{"class":88},[74,23150,4412],{"class":92},[74,23152,2946],{"class":88},[74,23154,249],{"class":106},[74,23156,620],{"class":167},[74,23158,10337],{"class":106},[74,23160,23161,23163,23165,23167,23169,23171],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,23162,2935],{"class":84},[74,23164,2938],{"class":1711},[74,23166,2941],{"class":88},[74,23168,21564],{"class":92},[74,23170,2946],{"class":88},[74,23172,2949],{"class":84},[74,23174,23175,23177,23179,23181,23183,23185,23187,23189,23191,23193,23195,23197,23199,23201],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,23176,21396],{"class":106},[74,23178,2946],{"class":88},[74,23180,125],{"class":92},[74,23182,2946],{"class":88},[74,23184,249],{"class":106},[74,23186,5148],{"class":167},[74,23188,8889],{"class":106},[74,23190,8892],{"class":106},[74,23192,2946],{"class":88},[74,23194,4412],{"class":92},[74,23196,2946],{"class":88},[74,23198,249],{"class":106},[74,23200,620],{"class":167},[74,23202,8905],{"class":106},[262,23204,23206,23207],{"id":23205},"changing-the-dictionary-while-looping-over-items","Changing the dictionary while looping over ",[15,23208,16736],{},[20,23210,23211],{},"Be careful when changing a dictionary during iteration.",[20,23213,23214],{},"Problem example:",[65,23216,23218],{"className":67,"code":23217,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in numbers.items():\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n",[15,23219,23220,23264,23268,23288,23300],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,23221,23222,23224,23226,23228,23230,23232,23234,23236,23238,23240,23242,23244,23246,23248,23250,23252,23254,23256,23258,23260,23262],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,23223,3266],{"class":80},[74,23225,85],{"class":84},[74,23227,10148],{"class":106},[74,23229,122],{"class":88},[74,23231,125],{"class":92},[74,23233,122],{"class":88},[74,23235,679],{"class":106},[74,23237,5148],{"class":167},[74,23239,249],{"class":106},[74,23241,89],{"class":88},[74,23243,4412],{"class":92},[74,23245,122],{"class":88},[74,23247,679],{"class":106},[74,23249,620],{"class":167},[74,23251,249],{"class":106},[74,23253,89],{"class":88},[74,23255,9396],{"class":92},[74,23257,122],{"class":88},[74,23259,679],{"class":106},[74,23261,2094],{"class":167},[74,23263,8965],{"class":106},[74,23265,23266],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,23267,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,23269,23270,23272,23274,23276,23278,23280,23282,23284,23286],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,23271,5609],{"class":3529},[74,23273,21235],{"class":80},[74,23275,249],{"class":106},[74,23277,21240],{"class":80},[74,23279,351],{"class":3529},[74,23281,3914],{"class":80},[74,23283,114],{"class":106},[74,23285,7466],{"class":110},[74,23287,21251],{"class":106},[74,23289,23290,23292,23294,23296,23298],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,23291,6051],{"class":3529},[74,23293,21240],{"class":80},[74,23295,4339],{"class":84},[74,23297,620],{"class":167},[74,23299,6046],{"class":106},[74,23301,23302,23305,23307,23309,23311,23313,23315,23317],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,23303,23304],{"class":80},"        numbers",[74,23306,742],{"class":106},[74,23308,122],{"class":88},[74,23310,18422],{"class":92},[74,23312,122],{"class":88},[74,23314,12930],{"class":106},[74,23316,12933],{"class":84},[74,23318,23319],{"class":167}," 4\n",[20,23321,23322],{},"Changing the dictionary size while looping can cause errors.",[20,23324,23325],{},"A safer approach is to loop over a copied list of items:",[65,23327,23329],{"className":67,"code":23328,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in list(numbers.items()):\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,23330,23331,23375,23379,23404,23416,23434,23438],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,23332,23333,23335,23337,23339,23341,23343,23345,23347,23349,23351,23353,23355,23357,23359,23361,23363,23365,23367,23369,23371,23373],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,23334,3266],{"class":80},[74,23336,85],{"class":84},[74,23338,10148],{"class":106},[74,23340,122],{"class":88},[74,23342,125],{"class":92},[74,23344,122],{"class":88},[74,23346,679],{"class":106},[74,23348,5148],{"class":167},[74,23350,249],{"class":106},[74,23352,89],{"class":88},[74,23354,4412],{"class":92},[74,23356,122],{"class":88},[74,23358,679],{"class":106},[74,23360,620],{"class":167},[74,23362,249],{"class":106},[74,23364,89],{"class":88},[74,23366,9396],{"class":92},[74,23368,122],{"class":88},[74,23370,679],{"class":106},[74,23372,2094],{"class":167},[74,23374,8965],{"class":106},[74,23376,23377],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,23378,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,23380,23381,23383,23385,23387,23389,23391,23393,23395,23397,23399,23401],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,23382,5609],{"class":3529},[74,23384,21235],{"class":80},[74,23386,249],{"class":106},[74,23388,21240],{"class":80},[74,23390,351],{"class":3529},[74,23392,22216],{"class":1345},[74,23394,107],{"class":106},[74,23396,3298],{"class":110},[74,23398,114],{"class":106},[74,23400,7466],{"class":110},[74,23402,23403],{"class":106},"()):\n",[74,23405,23406,23408,23410,23412,23414],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,23407,6051],{"class":3529},[74,23409,21240],{"class":80},[74,23411,4339],{"class":84},[74,23413,620],{"class":167},[74,23415,6046],{"class":106},[74,23417,23418,23420,23422,23424,23426,23428,23430,23432],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,23419,23304],{"class":80},[74,23421,742],{"class":106},[74,23423,122],{"class":88},[74,23425,18422],{"class":92},[74,23427,122],{"class":88},[74,23429,12930],{"class":106},[74,23431,12933],{"class":84},[74,23433,23319],{"class":167},[74,23435,23436],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,23437,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,23439,23440,23442,23444,23446],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,23441,103],{"class":102},[74,23443,107],{"class":106},[74,23445,3298],{"class":110},[74,23447,260],{"class":106},[262,23449,23451],{"id":23450},"forgetting-that-each-result-is-a-key-value-pair","Forgetting that each result is a key-value pair",[20,23453,23454],{},"If you print each item directly, you will see tuples:",[65,23456,23458],{"className":67,"code":23457,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"data = {\"x\": 10, \"y\": 20}\n\nfor item in data.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,23459,23460,23492,23496,23512],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,23461,23462,23464,23466,23468,23470,23472,23474,23476,23478,23480,23482,23484,23486,23488,23490],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,23463,8821],{"class":80},[74,23465,85],{"class":84},[74,23467,10148],{"class":106},[74,23469,122],{"class":88},[74,23471,1816],{"class":92},[74,23473,122],{"class":88},[74,23475,679],{"class":106},[74,23477,5656],{"class":167},[74,23479,249],{"class":106},[74,23481,89],{"class":88},[74,23483,11403],{"class":92},[74,23485,122],{"class":88},[74,23487,679],{"class":106},[74,23489,7446],{"class":167},[74,23491,8965],{"class":106},[74,23493,23494],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,23495,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,23497,23498,23500,23502,23504,23506,23508,23510],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,23499,5609],{"class":3529},[74,23501,5612],{"class":80},[74,23503,351],{"class":3529},[74,23505,14224],{"class":80},[74,23507,114],{"class":106},[74,23509,7466],{"class":110},[74,23511,21251],{"class":106},[74,23513,23514,23516,23518,23520],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,23515,7726],{"class":102},[74,23517,107],{"class":106},[74,23519,22966],{"class":110},[74,23521,260],{"class":106},[20,23523,23524],{},[332,23525,157],{},[65,23527,23529],{"className":67,"code":23528,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"('x', 10)\n('y', 20)\n",[15,23530,23531,23547],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,23532,23533,23535,23537,23539,23541,23543,23545],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,23534,107],{"class":106},[74,23536,2946],{"class":88},[74,23538,1816],{"class":92},[74,23540,2946],{"class":88},[74,23542,249],{"class":106},[74,23544,5656],{"class":167},[74,23546,260],{"class":106},[74,23548,23549,23551,23553,23555,23557,23559,23561],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,23550,107],{"class":106},[74,23552,2946],{"class":88},[74,23554,11403],{"class":92},[74,23556,2946],{"class":88},[74,23558,249],{"class":106},[74,23560,7446],{"class":167},[74,23562,260],{"class":106},[20,23564,23565,23566,23568],{},"That is normal. Each item is one ",[15,23567,21311],{}," pair.",[60,23570,1471],{"id":1470},[262,23572,23574,23575,4796],{"id":23573},"what-does-dictionary-items-return-in-python","What does dictionary ",[15,23576,16736],{},[20,23578,17076,23579,23581],{},[15,23580,21564],{}," view containing key-value pairs as tuples.",[262,23583,1517,23585,23587],{"id":23584},"does-items-return-a-list",[15,23586,16736],{}," return a list?",[20,23589,23590,23591,23594],{},"No. It returns a view object. Use ",[15,23592,23593],{},"list(my_dict.items())"," if you need a list.",[262,23596,23598,23599,2135],{"id":23597},"can-i-loop-through-keys-and-values-with-items","Can I loop through keys and values with ",[15,23600,16736],{},[20,23602,23603],{},"Yes. Use this pattern:",[65,23605,23607],{"className":67,"code":23606,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"for key, value in my_dict.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,23608,23609,23629],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,23610,23611,23613,23615,23617,23619,23621,23623,23625,23627],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,23612,5609],{"class":3529},[74,23614,21235],{"class":80},[74,23616,249],{"class":106},[74,23618,21240],{"class":80},[74,23620,351],{"class":3529},[74,23622,11424],{"class":80},[74,23624,114],{"class":106},[74,23626,7466],{"class":110},[74,23628,21251],{"class":106},[74,23630,23631,23633,23635,23637,23639,23641],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,23632,7726],{"class":102},[74,23634,107],{"class":106},[74,23636,14499],{"class":110},[74,23638,249],{"class":106},[74,23640,8091],{"class":110},[74,23642,260],{"class":106},[262,23644,1517,23646,23648],{"id":23645},"does-items-change-the-dictionary",[15,23647,16736],{}," change the dictionary?",[20,23650,23651],{},"No. It only gives you a way to access the pairs.",[60,23653,1527],{"id":1526},[30,23655,23656,23662,23668,23673,23677],{},[33,23657,23658],{},[125,23659,10395,23660,10399],{"href":22543},[15,23661,16723],{},[33,23663,23664],{},[125,23665,10395,23666,10399],{"href":22551},[15,23667,16729],{},[33,23669,23670],{},[125,23671,23672],{"href":22130},"How to loop through a dictionary in Python",[33,23674,23675],{},[125,23676,8811],{"href":12680},[33,23678,23679],{},[125,23680,23681],{"href":21434},"What is a dictionary in Python",[1566,23683,23684],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":70,"searchDepth":99,"depth":99,"links":23686},[23687,23688,23690,23691,23692,23694,23695,23697,23699,23708,23718],{"id":62,"depth":99,"text":63},{"id":21294,"depth":99,"text":23689},"What items() does",{"id":226,"depth":99,"text":227},{"id":21625,"depth":99,"text":21626},{"id":21851,"depth":99,"text":23693},"Looping with items()",{"id":22134,"depth":99,"text":22135},{"id":22326,"depth":99,"text":23696},"items() vs keys() vs values()",{"id":22561,"depth":99,"text":23698},"When to use items()",{"id":913,"depth":99,"text":914,"children":23700},[23701,23703,23705,23707],{"id":22755,"depth":133,"text":23702},"Trying to unpack items() incorrectly",{"id":23013,"depth":133,"text":23704},"Expecting items() to return a regular list",{"id":23205,"depth":133,"text":23706},"Changing the dictionary while looping over items()",{"id":23450,"depth":133,"text":23451},{"id":1470,"depth":99,"text":1471,"children":23709},[23710,23712,23714,23716],{"id":23573,"depth":133,"text":23711},"What does dictionary items() return in Python?",{"id":23584,"depth":133,"text":23713},"Does items() return a list?",{"id":23597,"depth":133,"text":23715},"Can I loop through keys and values with items()?",{"id":23645,"depth":133,"text":23717},"Does items() change the dictionary?",{"id":1526,"depth":99,"text":1527},"Master python dictionary items method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method",{"title":21162,"description":23719},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method","dz02pJ9l_vREwqXyX6imIcVo-A5kVMhXWIOii6zXDtM",{"id":23726,"title":23727,"body":23728,"description":25816,"extension":1610,"meta":25817,"navigation":407,"path":22543,"seo":25818,"stem":25819,"__hash__":25820},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method.md","Python Dictionary keys() Method",{"type":7,"value":23729,"toc":25782},[23730,23735,23741,23744,23755,23762,23764,23847,23851,23898,23903,23908,23913,23915,23931,23933,24032,24036,24093,24096,24098,24101,24194,24198,24261,24264,24280,24285,24287,24289,24304,24306,24317,24319,24362,24365,24409,24412,24414,24421,24424,24441,24443,24536,24540,24581,24593,24597,24600,24688,24692,24712,24715,24742,24749,24754,24758,24769,24771,24875,24879,24905,24908,24975,24980,24983,25006,25011,25015,25020,25026,25031,25033,25088,25092,25119,25126,25132,25135,25160,25166,25192,25195,25270,25277,25282,25284,25323,25341,25345,25348,25391,25394,25396,25415,25417,25422,25447,25450,25520,25523,25596,25598,25600,25661,25664,25679,25681,25686,25691,25698,25707,25713,25719,25726,25732,25736,25741,25743,25779],[10,23731,10977,23733,18],{"id":23732},"python-dictionary-keys-method",[15,23734,16723],{},[20,23736,23737,23738,23740],{},"The Python dictionary ",[15,23739,16723],{}," method returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,23742,23743],{},"It is useful when you want to:",[30,23745,23746,23749,23752],{},[33,23747,23748],{},"view the available keys",[33,23750,23751],{},"loop through dictionary keys",[33,23753,23754],{},"check what fields exist in a dictionary",[20,23756,23757,23759,23760,114],{},[15,23758,16723],{}," does not return a regular list. It returns a special object called ",[15,23761,16673],{},[60,23763,63],{"id":62},[65,23765,23767],{"className":67,"code":23766,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkeys = student.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\nprint(list(keys))\n",[15,23768,23769,23805,23819,23823,23833],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,23770,23771,23773,23775,23777,23779,23781,23783,23785,23787,23789,23791,23793,23795,23797,23799,23801,23803],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,23772,12522],{"class":80},[74,23774,85],{"class":84},[74,23776,10148],{"class":106},[74,23778,122],{"class":88},[74,23780,7323],{"class":92},[74,23782,122],{"class":88},[74,23784,679],{"class":106},[74,23786,89],{"class":88},[74,23788,12539],{"class":92},[74,23790,122],{"class":88},[74,23792,249],{"class":106},[74,23794,89],{"class":88},[74,23796,8955],{"class":92},[74,23798,122],{"class":88},[74,23800,679],{"class":106},[74,23802,7446],{"class":167},[74,23804,8965],{"class":106},[74,23806,23807,23809,23811,23813,23815,23817],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,23808,16900],{"class":80},[74,23810,85],{"class":84},[74,23812,12565],{"class":80},[74,23814,114],{"class":106},[74,23816,16582],{"class":110},[74,23818,8299],{"class":106},[74,23820,23821],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,23822,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,23824,23825,23827,23829,23831],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,23826,103],{"class":102},[74,23828,107],{"class":106},[74,23830,16582],{"class":110},[74,23832,260],{"class":106},[74,23834,23835,23837,23839,23841,23843,23845],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,23836,103],{"class":102},[74,23838,107],{"class":106},[74,23840,7751],{"class":1345},[74,23842,107],{"class":106},[74,23844,16582],{"class":110},[74,23846,130],{"class":106},[20,23848,23849],{},[332,23850,157],{},[65,23852,23854],{"className":67,"code":23853,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n['name', 'age']\n",[15,23855,23856,23878],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,23857,23858,23860,23862,23864,23866,23868,23870,23872,23874,23876],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,23859,16673],{"class":110},[74,23861,2629],{"class":106},[74,23863,2946],{"class":88},[74,23865,7323],{"class":92},[74,23867,2946],{"class":88},[74,23869,249],{"class":106},[74,23871,2941],{"class":88},[74,23873,8955],{"class":92},[74,23875,2946],{"class":88},[74,23877,751],{"class":106},[74,23879,23880,23882,23884,23886,23888,23890,23892,23894,23896],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,23881,742],{"class":106},[74,23883,2946],{"class":88},[74,23885,7323],{"class":92},[74,23887,2946],{"class":88},[74,23889,249],{"class":106},[74,23891,2941],{"class":88},[74,23893,8955],{"class":92},[74,23895,2946],{"class":88},[74,23897,3284],{"class":106},[20,23899,176,23900,23902],{},[15,23901,16723],{}," to get a view of all dictionary keys. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list output.",[60,23904,3328,23906,38],{"id":23905},"what-keys-does",[15,23907,16723],{},[20,23909,23910,23912],{},[15,23911,16723],{}," is a dictionary method that returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,23914,11117],{},[30,23916,23917,23920,23923,23928],{},[33,23918,23919],{},"It returns all keys from a dictionary",[33,23921,23922],{},"It does not need any arguments",[33,23924,17076,23925,23927],{},[15,23926,16673],{}," view object, not a list",[33,23929,23930],{},"The view updates if the dictionary changes",[20,23932,506],{},[65,23934,23936],{"className":67,"code":23935,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.keys())\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Paris\"\nprint(person.keys())\n",[15,23937,23938,23974,23978,23992,23996,24018],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,23939,23940,23942,23944,23946,23948,23950,23952,23954,23956,23958,23960,23962,23964,23966,23968,23970,23972],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,23941,12861],{"class":80},[74,23943,85],{"class":84},[74,23945,10148],{"class":106},[74,23947,122],{"class":88},[74,23949,7323],{"class":92},[74,23951,122],{"class":88},[74,23953,679],{"class":106},[74,23955,89],{"class":88},[74,23957,12878],{"class":92},[74,23959,122],{"class":88},[74,23961,249],{"class":106},[74,23963,89],{"class":88},[74,23965,8955],{"class":92},[74,23967,122],{"class":88},[74,23969,679],{"class":106},[74,23971,8962],{"class":167},[74,23973,8965],{"class":106},[74,23975,23976],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,23977,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,23979,23980,23982,23984,23986,23988,23990],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,23981,103],{"class":102},[74,23983,107],{"class":106},[74,23985,16965],{"class":110},[74,23987,114],{"class":106},[74,23989,16582],{"class":110},[74,23991,6848],{"class":106},[74,23993,23994],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,23995,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,23997,23998,24000,24002,24004,24006,24008,24010,24012,24014,24016],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,23999,16965],{"class":80},[74,24001,742],{"class":106},[74,24003,122],{"class":88},[74,24005,10066],{"class":92},[74,24007,122],{"class":88},[74,24009,12930],{"class":106},[74,24011,12933],{"class":84},[74,24013,89],{"class":88},[74,24015,10073],{"class":92},[74,24017,96],{"class":88},[74,24019,24020,24022,24024,24026,24028,24030],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,24021,103],{"class":102},[74,24023,107],{"class":106},[74,24025,16965],{"class":110},[74,24027,114],{"class":106},[74,24029,16582],{"class":110},[74,24031,6848],{"class":106},[20,24033,24034],{},[332,24035,157],{},[65,24037,24039],{"className":67,"code":24038,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_keys(['name', 'age', 'city'])\n",[15,24040,24041,24063],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,24042,24043,24045,24047,24049,24051,24053,24055,24057,24059,24061],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,24044,16673],{"class":110},[74,24046,2629],{"class":106},[74,24048,2946],{"class":88},[74,24050,7323],{"class":92},[74,24052,2946],{"class":88},[74,24054,249],{"class":106},[74,24056,2941],{"class":88},[74,24058,8955],{"class":92},[74,24060,2946],{"class":88},[74,24062,751],{"class":106},[74,24064,24065,24067,24069,24071,24073,24075,24077,24079,24081,24083,24085,24087,24089,24091],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,24066,16673],{"class":110},[74,24068,2629],{"class":106},[74,24070,2946],{"class":88},[74,24072,7323],{"class":92},[74,24074,2946],{"class":88},[74,24076,249],{"class":106},[74,24078,2941],{"class":88},[74,24080,8955],{"class":92},[74,24082,2946],{"class":88},[74,24084,249],{"class":106},[74,24086,2941],{"class":88},[74,24088,10066],{"class":92},[74,24090,2946],{"class":88},[74,24092,751],{"class":106},[20,24094,24095],{},"Notice that the result updates after the dictionary changes.",[60,24097,5438],{"id":5437},[20,24099,24100],{},"Here is a simple example with a small dictionary:",[65,24102,24104],{"className":67,"code":24103,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"grade\": \"A\"}\n\nprint(data.keys())\nprint(list(data.keys()))\n",[15,24105,24106,24158,24162,24176],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,24107,24108,24110,24112,24114,24116,24118,24120,24122,24124,24126,24128,24130,24132,24134,24136,24138,24140,24142,24144,24146,24148,24150,24152,24154,24156],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,24109,8821],{"class":80},[74,24111,85],{"class":84},[74,24113,10148],{"class":106},[74,24115,122],{"class":88},[74,24117,7323],{"class":92},[74,24119,122],{"class":88},[74,24121,679],{"class":106},[74,24123,89],{"class":88},[74,24125,12539],{"class":92},[74,24127,122],{"class":88},[74,24129,249],{"class":106},[74,24131,89],{"class":88},[74,24133,8955],{"class":92},[74,24135,122],{"class":88},[74,24137,679],{"class":106},[74,24139,7446],{"class":167},[74,24141,249],{"class":106},[74,24143,89],{"class":88},[74,24145,19546],{"class":92},[74,24147,122],{"class":88},[74,24149,679],{"class":106},[74,24151,89],{"class":88},[74,24153,21901],{"class":92},[74,24155,122],{"class":88},[74,24157,8965],{"class":106},[74,24159,24160],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,24161,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,24163,24164,24166,24168,24170,24172,24174],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,24165,103],{"class":102},[74,24167,107],{"class":106},[74,24169,8860],{"class":110},[74,24171,114],{"class":106},[74,24173,16582],{"class":110},[74,24175,6848],{"class":106},[74,24177,24178,24180,24182,24184,24186,24188,24190,24192],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,24179,103],{"class":102},[74,24181,107],{"class":106},[74,24183,7751],{"class":1345},[74,24185,107],{"class":106},[74,24187,8860],{"class":110},[74,24189,114],{"class":106},[74,24191,16582],{"class":110},[74,24193,5942],{"class":106},[20,24195,24196],{},[332,24197,157],{},[65,24199,24201],{"className":67,"code":24200,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"dict_keys(['name', 'age', 'grade'])\n['name', 'age', 'grade']\n",[15,24202,24203,24233],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,24204,24205,24207,24209,24211,24213,24215,24217,24219,24221,24223,24225,24227,24229,24231],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,24206,16673],{"class":110},[74,24208,2629],{"class":106},[74,24210,2946],{"class":88},[74,24212,7323],{"class":92},[74,24214,2946],{"class":88},[74,24216,249],{"class":106},[74,24218,2941],{"class":88},[74,24220,8955],{"class":92},[74,24222,2946],{"class":88},[74,24224,249],{"class":106},[74,24226,2941],{"class":88},[74,24228,19546],{"class":92},[74,24230,2946],{"class":88},[74,24232,751],{"class":106},[74,24234,24235,24237,24239,24241,24243,24245,24247,24249,24251,24253,24255,24257,24259],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,24236,742],{"class":106},[74,24238,2946],{"class":88},[74,24240,7323],{"class":92},[74,24242,2946],{"class":88},[74,24244,249],{"class":106},[74,24246,2941],{"class":88},[74,24248,8955],{"class":92},[74,24250,2946],{"class":88},[74,24252,249],{"class":106},[74,24254,2941],{"class":88},[74,24256,19546],{"class":92},[74,24258,2946],{"class":88},[74,24260,3284],{"class":106},[20,24262,24263],{},"This shows two things:",[30,24265,24266,24274],{},[33,24267,24268,21631,24271,24273],{},[15,24269,24270],{},"data.keys()",[15,24272,16673],{}," object",[33,24275,24276,24279],{},[15,24277,24278],{},"list(data.keys())"," converts it into a regular list",[20,24281,8807,24282,114],{},[125,24283,24284],{"href":9047},"how to create a dictionary in Python",[60,24286,5081],{"id":5080},[20,24288,1802],{},[65,24290,24292],{"className":67,"code":24291,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"my_dict.keys()\n",[15,24293,24294],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,24295,24296,24298,24300,24302],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,24297,11108],{"class":80},[74,24299,114],{"class":106},[74,24301,16582],{"class":110},[74,24303,8299],{"class":106},[20,24305,21456],{},[30,24307,24308,24311,24314],{},[33,24309,24310],{},"It works only on dictionaries",[33,24312,24313],{},"It takes no parameters",[33,24315,24316],{},"You must include the parentheses",[20,24318,16314],{},[65,24320,24322],{"className":67,"code":24321,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys())\n",[15,24323,24324,24348],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,24325,24326,24328,24330,24332,24334,24336,24338,24340,24342,24344,24346],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,24327,12522],{"class":80},[74,24329,85],{"class":84},[74,24331,10148],{"class":106},[74,24333,122],{"class":88},[74,24335,7323],{"class":92},[74,24337,122],{"class":88},[74,24339,679],{"class":106},[74,24341,89],{"class":88},[74,24343,12539],{"class":92},[74,24345,122],{"class":88},[74,24347,8965],{"class":106},[74,24349,24350,24352,24354,24356,24358,24360],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,24351,103],{"class":102},[74,24353,107],{"class":106},[74,24355,13283],{"class":110},[74,24357,114],{"class":106},[74,24359,16582],{"class":110},[74,24361,6848],{"class":106},[20,24363,24364],{},"Incorrect:",[65,24366,24368],{"className":67,"code":24367,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys)\n",[15,24369,24370,24394],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,24371,24372,24374,24376,24378,24380,24382,24384,24386,24388,24390,24392],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,24373,12522],{"class":80},[74,24375,85],{"class":84},[74,24377,10148],{"class":106},[74,24379,122],{"class":88},[74,24381,7323],{"class":92},[74,24383,122],{"class":88},[74,24385,679],{"class":106},[74,24387,89],{"class":88},[74,24389,12539],{"class":92},[74,24391,122],{"class":88},[74,24393,8965],{"class":106},[74,24395,24396,24398,24400,24402,24404,24407],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,24397,103],{"class":102},[74,24399,107],{"class":106},[74,24401,13283],{"class":110},[74,24403,114],{"class":106},[74,24405,16582],{"class":24406},"skxfh",[74,24408,260],{"class":106},[20,24410,24411],{},"Without parentheses, you are referring to the method itself, not calling it.",[60,24413,305],{"id":304},[20,24415,24416,21631,24418,24420],{},[15,24417,16723],{},[15,24419,16673],{}," object.",[20,24422,24423],{},"This object:",[30,24425,24426,24429,24432,24438],{},[33,24427,24428],{},"contains all keys in the dictionary",[33,24430,24431],{},"can be used in a loop",[33,24433,24434,24435],{},"can be converted with ",[15,24436,24437],{},"list()",[33,24439,24440],{},"is useful when checking available keys",[20,24442,506],{},[65,24444,24446],{"className":67,"code":24445,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2020}\n\nresult = car.keys()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,24447,24448,24489,24493,24508,24512,24522],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,24449,24450,24453,24455,24457,24459,24462,24464,24466,24468,24471,24473,24475,24477,24480,24482,24484,24487],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,24451,24452],{"class":80},"car ",[74,24454,85],{"class":84},[74,24456,10148],{"class":106},[74,24458,122],{"class":88},[74,24460,24461],{"class":92},"brand",[74,24463,122],{"class":88},[74,24465,679],{"class":106},[74,24467,89],{"class":88},[74,24469,24470],{"class":92},"Toyota",[74,24472,122],{"class":88},[74,24474,249],{"class":106},[74,24476,89],{"class":88},[74,24478,24479],{"class":92},"year",[74,24481,122],{"class":88},[74,24483,679],{"class":106},[74,24485,24486],{"class":167}," 2020",[74,24488,8965],{"class":106},[74,24490,24491],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,24492,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,24494,24495,24497,24499,24502,24504,24506],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,24496,383],{"class":80},[74,24498,85],{"class":84},[74,24500,24501],{"class":80}," car",[74,24503,114],{"class":106},[74,24505,16582],{"class":110},[74,24507,8299],{"class":106},[74,24509,24510],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,24511,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,24513,24514,24516,24518,24520],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,24515,103],{"class":102},[74,24517,107],{"class":106},[74,24519,418],{"class":110},[74,24521,260],{"class":106},[74,24523,24524,24526,24528,24530,24532,24534],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,24525,103],{"class":102},[74,24527,107],{"class":106},[74,24529,1346],{"class":1345},[74,24531,107],{"class":106},[74,24533,418],{"class":110},[74,24535,130],{"class":106},[20,24537,24538],{},[332,24539,157],{},[65,24541,24543],{"className":67,"code":24542,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"dict_keys(['brand', 'year'])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_keys'>\n",[15,24544,24545,24567],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,24546,24547,24549,24551,24553,24555,24557,24559,24561,24563,24565],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,24548,16673],{"class":110},[74,24550,2629],{"class":106},[74,24552,2946],{"class":88},[74,24554,24461],{"class":92},[74,24556,2946],{"class":88},[74,24558,249],{"class":106},[74,24560,2941],{"class":88},[74,24562,24479],{"class":92},[74,24564,2946],{"class":88},[74,24566,751],{"class":106},[74,24568,24569,24571,24573,24575,24577,24579],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,24570,2935],{"class":84},[74,24572,2938],{"class":1711},[74,24574,2941],{"class":88},[74,24576,16673],{"class":92},[74,24578,2946],{"class":88},[74,24580,2949],{"class":84},[20,24582,24583,24584,24588,24589,114],{},"If you want dictionary values instead, see the ",[125,24585,10395,24586,10399],{"href":16726},[15,24587,16729],{},". If you want both keys and values together, see the ",[125,24590,10395,24591,10399],{"href":16733},[15,24592,16736],{},[60,24594,24596],{"id":24595},"looping-through-dictionary-keys","Looping through dictionary keys",[20,24598,24599],{},"You can loop through the keys like this:",[65,24601,24603],{"className":67,"code":24602,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"course\": \"Math\"}\n\nfor key in student.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,24604,24605,24658,24662,24678],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,24606,24607,24609,24611,24613,24615,24617,24619,24621,24623,24625,24627,24629,24631,24633,24635,24637,24639,24641,24643,24645,24647,24649,24651,24654,24656],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,24608,12522],{"class":80},[74,24610,85],{"class":84},[74,24612,10148],{"class":106},[74,24614,122],{"class":88},[74,24616,7323],{"class":92},[74,24618,122],{"class":88},[74,24620,679],{"class":106},[74,24622,89],{"class":88},[74,24624,12539],{"class":92},[74,24626,122],{"class":88},[74,24628,249],{"class":106},[74,24630,89],{"class":88},[74,24632,8955],{"class":92},[74,24634,122],{"class":88},[74,24636,679],{"class":106},[74,24638,7446],{"class":167},[74,24640,249],{"class":106},[74,24642,89],{"class":88},[74,24644,14986],{"class":92},[74,24646,122],{"class":88},[74,24648,679],{"class":106},[74,24650,89],{"class":88},[74,24652,24653],{"class":92},"Math",[74,24655,122],{"class":88},[74,24657,8965],{"class":106},[74,24659,24660],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,24661,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,24663,24664,24666,24668,24670,24672,24674,24676],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,24665,5609],{"class":3529},[74,24667,17863],{"class":80},[74,24669,351],{"class":3529},[74,24671,12565],{"class":80},[74,24673,114],{"class":106},[74,24675,16582],{"class":110},[74,24677,21251],{"class":106},[74,24679,24680,24682,24684,24686],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,24681,7726],{"class":102},[74,24683,107],{"class":106},[74,24685,14499],{"class":110},[74,24687,260],{"class":106},[20,24689,24690],{},[332,24691,157],{},[65,24693,24695],{"className":67,"code":24694,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"name\nage\ncourse\n",[15,24696,24697,24702,24707],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,24698,24699],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,24700,24701],{"class":80},"name\n",[74,24703,24704],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,24705,24706],{"class":80},"age\n",[74,24708,24709],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,24710,24711],{"class":80},"course\n",[20,24713,24714],{},"In most cases, this also works:",[65,24716,24718],{"className":67,"code":24717,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"for key in student:\n    print(key)\n",[15,24719,24720,24732],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,24721,24722,24724,24726,24728,24730],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,24723,5609],{"class":3529},[74,24725,17863],{"class":80},[74,24727,351],{"class":3529},[74,24729,12565],{"class":80},[74,24731,6046],{"class":106},[74,24733,24734,24736,24738,24740],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,24735,7726],{"class":102},[74,24737,107],{"class":106},[74,24739,14499],{"class":110},[74,24741,260],{"class":106},[20,24743,24744,24745,24748],{},"Both are valid. For beginners, ",[15,24746,24747],{},"student.keys()"," is more explicit because it clearly shows that you are looping through keys.",[60,24750,1260,24752],{"id":24751},"when-to-use-keys",[15,24753,16723],{},[20,24755,176,24756,10259],{},[15,24757,16723],{},[30,24759,24760,24763,24766],{},[33,24761,24762],{},"you only need the dictionary keys",[33,24764,24765],{},"you want to display available fields",[33,24767,24768],{},"you want to inspect what keys exist in a dictionary",[20,24770,506],{},[65,24772,24774],{"className":67,"code":24773,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99, \"stock\": 5}\n\nprint(\"Available fields:\")\nfor key in product.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,24775,24776,24829,24833,24848,24865],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,24777,24778,24781,24783,24785,24787,24789,24791,24793,24795,24798,24800,24802,24804,24807,24809,24811,24814,24816,24818,24821,24823,24825,24827],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,24779,24780],{"class":80},"product ",[74,24782,85],{"class":84},[74,24784,10148],{"class":106},[74,24786,122],{"class":88},[74,24788,7323],{"class":92},[74,24790,122],{"class":88},[74,24792,679],{"class":106},[74,24794,89],{"class":88},[74,24796,24797],{"class":92},"Book",[74,24799,122],{"class":88},[74,24801,249],{"class":106},[74,24803,89],{"class":88},[74,24805,24806],{"class":92},"price",[74,24808,122],{"class":88},[74,24810,679],{"class":106},[74,24812,24813],{"class":167}," 12.99",[74,24815,249],{"class":106},[74,24817,89],{"class":88},[74,24819,24820],{"class":92},"stock",[74,24822,122],{"class":88},[74,24824,679],{"class":106},[74,24826,651],{"class":167},[74,24828,8965],{"class":106},[74,24830,24831],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,24832,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,24834,24835,24837,24839,24841,24844,24846],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,24836,103],{"class":102},[74,24838,107],{"class":106},[74,24840,122],{"class":88},[74,24842,24843],{"class":92},"Available fields:",[74,24845,122],{"class":88},[74,24847,260],{"class":106},[74,24849,24850,24852,24854,24856,24859,24861,24863],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,24851,5609],{"class":3529},[74,24853,17863],{"class":80},[74,24855,351],{"class":3529},[74,24857,24858],{"class":80}," product",[74,24860,114],{"class":106},[74,24862,16582],{"class":110},[74,24864,21251],{"class":106},[74,24866,24867,24869,24871,24873],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,24868,7726],{"class":102},[74,24870,107],{"class":106},[74,24872,14499],{"class":110},[74,24874,260],{"class":106},[20,24876,24877],{},[332,24878,157],{},[65,24880,24882],{"className":67,"code":24881,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"Available fields:\nname\nprice\nstock\n",[15,24883,24884,24891,24895,24900],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,24885,24886,24889],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,24887,24888],{"class":80},"Available fields",[74,24890,6046],{"class":106},[74,24892,24893],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,24894,24701],{"class":80},[74,24896,24897],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,24898,24899],{"class":80},"price\n",[74,24901,24902],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,24903,24904],{"class":80},"stock\n",[20,24906,24907],{},"You may also see membership checks like this:",[65,24909,24911],{"className":67,"code":24910,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99}\n\nprint(\"name\" in product.keys())\n",[15,24912,24913,24949,24953],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,24914,24915,24917,24919,24921,24923,24925,24927,24929,24931,24933,24935,24937,24939,24941,24943,24945,24947],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,24916,24780],{"class":80},[74,24918,85],{"class":84},[74,24920,10148],{"class":106},[74,24922,122],{"class":88},[74,24924,7323],{"class":92},[74,24926,122],{"class":88},[74,24928,679],{"class":106},[74,24930,89],{"class":88},[74,24932,24797],{"class":92},[74,24934,122],{"class":88},[74,24936,249],{"class":106},[74,24938,89],{"class":88},[74,24940,24806],{"class":92},[74,24942,122],{"class":88},[74,24944,679],{"class":106},[74,24946,24813],{"class":167},[74,24948,8965],{"class":106},[74,24950,24951],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,24952,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,24954,24955,24957,24959,24961,24963,24965,24967,24969,24971,24973],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,24956,103],{"class":102},[74,24958,107],{"class":106},[74,24960,122],{"class":88},[74,24962,7323],{"class":92},[74,24964,122],{"class":88},[74,24966,20829],{"class":3529},[74,24968,24858],{"class":110},[74,24970,114],{"class":106},[74,24972,16582],{"class":110},[74,24974,6848],{"class":106},[20,24976,24977,24978,114],{},"This works and returns ",[15,24979,338],{},[20,24981,24982],{},"However, this is usually simpler:",[65,24984,24986],{"className":67,"code":24985,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(\"name\" in product)\n",[15,24987,24988],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,24989,24990,24992,24994,24996,24998,25000,25002,25004],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,24991,103],{"class":102},[74,24993,107],{"class":106},[74,24995,122],{"class":88},[74,24997,7323],{"class":92},[74,24999,122],{"class":88},[74,25001,20829],{"class":3529},[74,25003,24858],{"class":110},[74,25005,260],{"class":106},[20,25007,25008,25009,114],{},"If you want to learn that pattern, see ",[125,25010,20862],{"href":16811},[60,25012,25014],{"id":25013},"common-beginner-confusion","Common beginner confusion",[20,25016,25017,25018,114],{},"Here are some common mistakes beginners make with ",[15,25019,16723],{},[262,25021,923,25023,25025],{"id":25022},"expecting-keys-to-return-key-value-pairs",[15,25024,16723],{}," to return key-value pairs",[20,25027,25028,25030],{},[15,25029,16723],{}," returns only the keys.",[20,25032,506],{},[65,25034,25036],{"className":67,"code":25035,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(data.keys())\n",[15,25037,25038,25074],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,25039,25040,25042,25044,25046,25048,25050,25052,25054,25056,25058,25060,25062,25064,25066,25068,25070,25072],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,25041,8821],{"class":80},[74,25043,85],{"class":84},[74,25045,10148],{"class":106},[74,25047,122],{"class":88},[74,25049,7323],{"class":92},[74,25051,122],{"class":88},[74,25053,679],{"class":106},[74,25055,89],{"class":88},[74,25057,12539],{"class":92},[74,25059,122],{"class":88},[74,25061,249],{"class":106},[74,25063,89],{"class":88},[74,25065,8955],{"class":92},[74,25067,122],{"class":88},[74,25069,679],{"class":106},[74,25071,7446],{"class":167},[74,25073,8965],{"class":106},[74,25075,25076,25078,25080,25082,25084,25086],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,25077,103],{"class":102},[74,25079,107],{"class":106},[74,25081,8860],{"class":110},[74,25083,114],{"class":106},[74,25085,16582],{"class":110},[74,25087,6848],{"class":106},[20,25089,25090],{},[332,25091,157],{},[65,25093,25095],{"className":67,"code":25094,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n",[15,25096,25097],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,25098,25099,25101,25103,25105,25107,25109,25111,25113,25115,25117],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,25100,16673],{"class":110},[74,25102,2629],{"class":106},[74,25104,2946],{"class":88},[74,25106,7323],{"class":92},[74,25108,2946],{"class":88},[74,25110,249],{"class":106},[74,25112,2941],{"class":88},[74,25114,8955],{"class":92},[74,25116,2946],{"class":88},[74,25118,751],{"class":106},[20,25120,25121,25122,114],{},"If you want both keys and values, use ",[125,25123,25124],{"href":16733},[15,25125,16736],{},[262,25127,25129,25130],{"id":25128},"expecting-a-list-instead-of-dict_keys","Expecting a list instead of ",[15,25131,16673],{},[20,25133,25134],{},"Many beginners expect this:",[65,25136,25138],{"className":67,"code":25137,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"['name', 'age']\n",[15,25139,25140],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,25141,25142,25144,25146,25148,25150,25152,25154,25156,25158],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,25143,742],{"class":106},[74,25145,2946],{"class":88},[74,25147,7323],{"class":92},[74,25149,2946],{"class":88},[74,25151,249],{"class":106},[74,25153,2941],{"class":88},[74,25155,8955],{"class":92},[74,25157,2946],{"class":88},[74,25159,3284],{"class":106},[20,25161,25162,25163,25165],{},"But ",[15,25164,16723],{}," returns:",[65,25167,25168],{"className":67,"code":25094,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,25169,25170],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,25171,25172,25174,25176,25178,25180,25182,25184,25186,25188,25190],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,25173,16673],{"class":110},[74,25175,2629],{"class":106},[74,25177,2946],{"class":88},[74,25179,7323],{"class":92},[74,25181,2946],{"class":88},[74,25183,249],{"class":106},[74,25185,2941],{"class":88},[74,25187,8955],{"class":92},[74,25189,2946],{"class":88},[74,25191,751],{"class":106},[20,25193,25194],{},"If you need a real list, convert it:",[65,25196,25198],{"className":67,"code":25197,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkey_list = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(key_list)\n",[15,25199,25200,25236,25255,25259],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,25201,25202,25204,25206,25208,25210,25212,25214,25216,25218,25220,25222,25224,25226,25228,25230,25232,25234],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,25203,8821],{"class":80},[74,25205,85],{"class":84},[74,25207,10148],{"class":106},[74,25209,122],{"class":88},[74,25211,7323],{"class":92},[74,25213,122],{"class":88},[74,25215,679],{"class":106},[74,25217,89],{"class":88},[74,25219,12539],{"class":92},[74,25221,122],{"class":88},[74,25223,249],{"class":106},[74,25225,89],{"class":88},[74,25227,8955],{"class":92},[74,25229,122],{"class":88},[74,25231,679],{"class":106},[74,25233,7446],{"class":167},[74,25235,8965],{"class":106},[74,25237,25238,25241,25243,25245,25247,25249,25251,25253],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,25239,25240],{"class":80},"key_list ",[74,25242,85],{"class":84},[74,25244,22216],{"class":1345},[74,25246,107],{"class":106},[74,25248,8860],{"class":110},[74,25250,114],{"class":106},[74,25252,16582],{"class":110},[74,25254,6848],{"class":106},[74,25256,25257],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,25258,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,25260,25261,25263,25265,25268],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,25262,103],{"class":102},[74,25264,107],{"class":106},[74,25266,25267],{"class":110},"key_list",[74,25269,260],{"class":106},[262,25271,25273,25274,25276],{"id":25272},"trying-to-use-keys-on-a-list-or-string","Trying to use ",[15,25275,16723],{}," on a list or string",[20,25278,25279,25281],{},[15,25280,16723],{}," only works on dictionaries.",[20,25283,2480],{},[65,25285,25287],{"className":67,"code":25286,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.keys())\n",[15,25288,25289,25309],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,25290,25291,25293,25295,25297,25299,25301,25303,25305,25307],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,25292,3266],{"class":80},[74,25294,85],{"class":84},[74,25296,3271],{"class":106},[74,25298,2632],{"class":167},[74,25300,249],{"class":106},[74,25302,620],{"class":167},[74,25304,249],{"class":106},[74,25306,2094],{"class":167},[74,25308,3284],{"class":106},[74,25310,25311,25313,25315,25317,25319,25321],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,25312,103],{"class":102},[74,25314,107],{"class":106},[74,25316,3298],{"class":110},[74,25318,114],{"class":106},[74,25320,16582],{"class":110},[74,25322,6848],{"class":106},[20,25324,25325,25326,25329,25330,25332,25333,114],{},"You may get an ",[15,25327,25328],{},"AttributeError"," because lists do not have a ",[15,25331,16723],{}," method. If that happens, see ",[125,25334,25336,25337,25340],{"href":25335},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","how to fix ",[15,25338,25339],{},"'object has no attribute'"," errors in Python",[262,25342,25344],{"id":25343},"forgetting-parentheses","Forgetting parentheses",[20,25346,25347],{},"This is a very common mistake:",[65,25349,25351],{"className":67,"code":25350,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(data.keys)\n",[15,25352,25353,25377],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,25354,25355,25357,25359,25361,25363,25365,25367,25369,25371,25373,25375],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,25356,8821],{"class":80},[74,25358,85],{"class":84},[74,25360,10148],{"class":106},[74,25362,122],{"class":88},[74,25364,7323],{"class":92},[74,25366,122],{"class":88},[74,25368,679],{"class":106},[74,25370,89],{"class":88},[74,25372,12539],{"class":92},[74,25374,122],{"class":88},[74,25376,8965],{"class":106},[74,25378,25379,25381,25383,25385,25387,25389],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,25380,103],{"class":102},[74,25382,107],{"class":106},[74,25384,8860],{"class":110},[74,25386,114],{"class":106},[74,25388,16582],{"class":24406},[74,25390,260],{"class":106},[20,25392,25393],{},"That prints the method object, not the keys.",[20,25395,18349],{},[65,25397,25399],{"className":67,"code":25398,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(data.keys())\n",[15,25400,25401],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,25402,25403,25405,25407,25409,25411,25413],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,25404,103],{"class":102},[74,25406,107],{"class":106},[74,25408,8860],{"class":110},[74,25410,114],{"class":106},[74,25412,16582],{"class":110},[74,25414,6848],{"class":106},[60,25416,914],{"id":913},[20,25418,25419,25420,679],{},"These are the most common problems related to ",[15,25421,16723],{},[30,25423,25424,25429,25435,25441],{},[33,25425,571,25426,25428],{},[15,25427,16723],{}," on a non-dictionary object",[33,25430,25431,25432,25434],{},"Thinking ",[15,25433,16723],{}," returns values too",[33,25436,25437,25438,25440],{},"Trying to index ",[15,25439,16673],{}," like a normal list",[33,25442,25443,25444,25446],{},"Forgetting to convert ",[15,25445,16673],{}," to a list when needed",[20,25448,25449],{},"For example, this may not work the way you expect:",[65,25451,25453],{"className":67,"code":25452,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = data.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\n# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[15,25454,25455,25487,25501,25505,25515],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,25456,25457,25459,25461,25463,25465,25467,25469,25471,25473,25475,25477,25479,25481,25483,25485],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,25458,8821],{"class":80},[74,25460,85],{"class":84},[74,25462,10148],{"class":106},[74,25464,122],{"class":88},[74,25466,125],{"class":92},[74,25468,122],{"class":88},[74,25470,679],{"class":106},[74,25472,5148],{"class":167},[74,25474,249],{"class":106},[74,25476,89],{"class":88},[74,25478,4412],{"class":92},[74,25480,122],{"class":88},[74,25482,679],{"class":106},[74,25484,620],{"class":167},[74,25486,8965],{"class":106},[74,25488,25489,25491,25493,25495,25497,25499],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,25490,16900],{"class":80},[74,25492,85],{"class":84},[74,25494,14224],{"class":80},[74,25496,114],{"class":106},[74,25498,16582],{"class":110},[74,25500,8299],{"class":106},[74,25502,25503],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,25504,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,25506,25507,25509,25511,25513],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,25508,103],{"class":102},[74,25510,107],{"class":106},[74,25512,16582],{"class":110},[74,25514,260],{"class":106},[74,25516,25517],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,25518,25519],{"class":3314},"# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[20,25521,25522],{},"If you need indexing, convert first:",[65,25524,25526],{"className":67,"code":25525,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(keys[0])\n",[15,25527,25528,25560,25578,25582],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,25529,25530,25532,25534,25536,25538,25540,25542,25544,25546,25548,25550,25552,25554,25556,25558],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,25531,8821],{"class":80},[74,25533,85],{"class":84},[74,25535,10148],{"class":106},[74,25537,122],{"class":88},[74,25539,125],{"class":92},[74,25541,122],{"class":88},[74,25543,679],{"class":106},[74,25545,5148],{"class":167},[74,25547,249],{"class":106},[74,25549,89],{"class":88},[74,25551,4412],{"class":92},[74,25553,122],{"class":88},[74,25555,679],{"class":106},[74,25557,620],{"class":167},[74,25559,8965],{"class":106},[74,25561,25562,25564,25566,25568,25570,25572,25574,25576],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,25563,16900],{"class":80},[74,25565,85],{"class":84},[74,25567,22216],{"class":1345},[74,25569,107],{"class":106},[74,25571,8860],{"class":110},[74,25573,114],{"class":106},[74,25575,16582],{"class":110},[74,25577,6848],{"class":106},[74,25579,25580],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,25581,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,25583,25584,25586,25588,25590,25592,25594],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,25585,103],{"class":102},[74,25587,107],{"class":106},[74,25589,16582],{"class":110},[74,25591,742],{"class":106},[74,25593,327],{"class":167},[74,25595,751],{"class":106},[60,25597,1315],{"id":1314},[20,25599,10771],{},[65,25601,25603],{"className":67,"code":25602,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(list(my_dict.keys()))\n",[15,25604,25605,25619,25629,25643],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,25606,25607,25609,25611,25613,25615,25617],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,25608,103],{"class":102},[74,25610,107],{"class":106},[74,25612,1346],{"class":1345},[74,25614,107],{"class":106},[74,25616,11108],{"class":110},[74,25618,130],{"class":106},[74,25620,25621,25623,25625,25627],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,25622,103],{"class":102},[74,25624,107],{"class":106},[74,25626,11108],{"class":110},[74,25628,260],{"class":106},[74,25630,25631,25633,25635,25637,25639,25641],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,25632,103],{"class":102},[74,25634,107],{"class":106},[74,25636,11108],{"class":110},[74,25638,114],{"class":106},[74,25640,16582],{"class":110},[74,25642,6848],{"class":106},[74,25644,25645,25647,25649,25651,25653,25655,25657,25659],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,25646,103],{"class":102},[74,25648,107],{"class":106},[74,25650,7751],{"class":1345},[74,25652,107],{"class":106},[74,25654,11108],{"class":110},[74,25656,114],{"class":106},[74,25658,16582],{"class":110},[74,25660,5942],{"class":106},[20,25662,25663],{},"These help you confirm:",[30,25665,25666,25669,25672,25676],{},[33,25667,25668],{},"whether the variable is really a dictionary",[33,25670,25671],{},"what data it contains",[33,25673,35,25674,11363],{},[15,25675,16723],{},[33,25677,25678],{},"what the keys look like as a list",[60,25680,1471],{"id":1470},[262,25682,23574,25684,4796],{"id":25683},"what-does-dictionary-keys-return-in-python",[15,25685,16723],{},[20,25687,17076,25688,25690],{},[15,25689,16673],{}," view object containing all keys in the dictionary.",[262,25692,1485,25694,25697],{"id":25693},"is-dictkeys-a-list",[15,25695,25696],{},"dict.keys()"," a list?",[20,25699,25700,25701,25703,25704,114],{},"No. It returns a ",[15,25702,16673],{}," object. You can convert it with ",[15,25705,25706],{},"list(dict.keys())",[262,25708,25710,25711,2135],{"id":25709},"can-i-loop-through-dictkeys","Can I loop through ",[15,25712,25696],{},[20,25714,25715,25716,25718],{},"Yes. You can use it in a ",[15,25717,5609],{}," loop.",[262,25720,25722,25723,25725],{"id":25721},"do-i-need-to-use-keys-to-loop-through-a-dictionary","Do I need to use ",[15,25724,16723],{}," to loop through a dictionary?",[20,25727,25728,25729,25731],{},"No. You can loop directly over the dictionary, but ",[15,25730,16723],{}," makes your intent clearer.",[262,25733,25735],{"id":25734},"how-do-i-get-the-keys-as-a-list","How do I get the keys as a list?",[20,25737,176,25738,114],{},[15,25739,25740],{},"list(my_dict.keys())",[60,25742,1527],{"id":1526},[30,25744,25745,25750,25756,25762,25768,25772],{},[33,25746,25747],{},[125,25748,25749],{"href":9047},"How to create a dictionary in Python",[33,25751,25752],{},[125,25753,10395,25754,10399],{"href":16726},[15,25755,16729],{},[33,25757,25758],{},[125,25759,10395,25760,10399],{"href":16733},[15,25761,16736],{},[33,25763,25764],{},[125,25765,25767],{"href":25766},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-keys-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all keys from a dictionary in Python",[33,25769,25770],{},[125,25771,16812],{"href":16811},[33,25773,25774],{},[125,25775,25776,25777,25340],{"href":25335},"How to fix ",[15,25778,25339],{},[1566,25780,25781],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":70,"searchDepth":99,"depth":99,"links":25783},[25784,25785,25787,25788,25789,25790,25791,25793,25802,25803,25804,25815],{"id":62,"depth":99,"text":63},{"id":23905,"depth":99,"text":25786},"What keys() does",{"id":5437,"depth":99,"text":5438},{"id":5080,"depth":99,"text":5081},{"id":304,"depth":99,"text":305},{"id":24595,"depth":99,"text":24596},{"id":24751,"depth":99,"text":25792},"When to use keys()",{"id":25013,"depth":99,"text":25014,"children":25794},[25795,25797,25799,25801],{"id":25022,"depth":133,"text":25796},"Expecting keys() to return key-value pairs",{"id":25128,"depth":133,"text":25798},"Expecting a list instead of dict_keys",{"id":25272,"depth":133,"text":25800},"Trying to use keys() on a list or string",{"id":25343,"depth":133,"text":25344},{"id":913,"depth":99,"text":914},{"id":1314,"depth":99,"text":1315},{"id":1470,"depth":99,"text":1471,"children":25805},[25806,25808,25810,25812,25814],{"id":25683,"depth":133,"text":25807},"What does dictionary keys() return in Python?",{"id":25693,"depth":133,"text":25809},"Is dict.keys() a list?",{"id":25709,"depth":133,"text":25811},"Can I loop through dict.keys()?",{"id":25721,"depth":133,"text":25813},"Do I need to use keys() to loop through a dictionary?",{"id":25734,"depth":133,"text":25735},{"id":1526,"depth":99,"text":1527},"Master python dictionary keys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":23727,"description":25816},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method","yoVvP2jVvnq--2L4aIR-uzvril2Qb_tpY3cJkvKn9RU",{"id":25822,"title":25823,"body":25824,"description":28097,"extension":1610,"meta":28098,"navigation":407,"path":28099,"seo":28100,"stem":28101,"__hash__":28102},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method.md","Python Dictionary pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":25825,"toc":28050},[25826,25831,25836,25839,25841,25987,26000,26005,26009,26023,26025,26128,26137,26139,26142,26180,26205,26207,26314,26316,26323,26326,26334,26336,26477,26485,26490,26494,26505,26507,26669,26672,26680,26687,26693,26790,26796,26873,26876,26888,26893,26899,26902,26906,26995,26998,27002,27106,27113,27200,27209,27211,27216,27222,27225,27271,27274,27340,27349,27355,27448,27454,27460,27503,27506,27571,27577,27669,27672,27676,27682,27707,27710,27806,27813,27815,27820,27911,27913,27941,27946,27948,27955,27958,27962,27972,27977,27980,27987,27997,28004,28012,28014,28047],[10,25827,10977,25829,18],{"id":25828},"python-dictionary-pop-method",[15,25830,12421],{},[20,25832,25833,25835],{},[15,25834,12228],{}," removes a key from a dictionary and returns the value that was stored under that key.",[20,25837,25838],{},"This method is useful when you want to delete a key and still keep its value for later use. It is also a common way to remove a key safely when you provide a default value.",[60,25840,3256],{"id":3255},[65,25842,25844],{"className":67,"code":25843,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nremoved_age = person.pop(\"age\")\nprint(removed_age)   # 25\nprint(person)        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n\n# Safe version with default value\ncountry = person.pop(\"country\", \"Not found\")\nprint(country)       # Not found\n",[15,25845,25846,25882,25906,25920,25933,25937,25942,25974],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,25847,25848,25850,25852,25854,25856,25858,25860,25862,25864,25866,25868,25870,25872,25874,25876,25878,25880],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,25849,12861],{"class":80},[74,25851,85],{"class":84},[74,25853,10148],{"class":106},[74,25855,122],{"class":88},[74,25857,7323],{"class":92},[74,25859,122],{"class":88},[74,25861,679],{"class":106},[74,25863,89],{"class":88},[74,25865,12539],{"class":92},[74,25867,122],{"class":88},[74,25869,249],{"class":106},[74,25871,89],{"class":88},[74,25873,8955],{"class":92},[74,25875,122],{"class":88},[74,25877,679],{"class":106},[74,25879,8962],{"class":167},[74,25881,8965],{"class":106},[74,25883,25884,25887,25889,25891,25893,25896,25898,25900,25902,25904],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,25885,25886],{"class":80},"removed_age ",[74,25888,85],{"class":84},[74,25890,12904],{"class":80},[74,25892,114],{"class":106},[74,25894,25895],{"class":110},"pop",[74,25897,107],{"class":106},[74,25899,122],{"class":88},[74,25901,8955],{"class":92},[74,25903,122],{"class":88},[74,25905,260],{"class":106},[74,25907,25908,25910,25912,25915,25917],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,25909,103],{"class":102},[74,25911,107],{"class":106},[74,25913,25914],{"class":110},"removed_age",[74,25916,3311],{"class":106},[74,25918,25919],{"class":3314},"   # 25\n",[74,25921,25922,25924,25926,25928,25930],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,25923,103],{"class":102},[74,25925,107],{"class":106},[74,25927,16965],{"class":110},[74,25929,3311],{"class":106},[74,25931,25932],{"class":3314},"        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[74,25934,25935],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,25936,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,25938,25939],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,25940,25941],{"class":3314},"# Safe version with default value\n",[74,25943,25944,25947,25949,25951,25953,25955,25957,25959,25961,25963,25965,25967,25970,25972],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,25945,25946],{"class":80},"country ",[74,25948,85],{"class":84},[74,25950,12904],{"class":80},[74,25952,114],{"class":106},[74,25954,25895],{"class":110},[74,25956,107],{"class":106},[74,25958,122],{"class":88},[74,25960,14919],{"class":92},[74,25962,122],{"class":88},[74,25964,249],{"class":106},[74,25966,89],{"class":88},[74,25968,25969],{"class":92},"Not found",[74,25971,122],{"class":88},[74,25973,260],{"class":106},[74,25975,25976,25978,25980,25982,25984],{"class":76,"line":6079},[74,25977,103],{"class":102},[74,25979,107],{"class":106},[74,25981,14919],{"class":110},[74,25983,3311],{"class":106},[74,25985,25986],{"class":3314},"       # Not found\n",[20,25988,176,25989,25992,25993,25996,25997,25999],{},[15,25990,25991],{},"pop(key)"," to remove a key and get its value. Use ",[15,25994,25995],{},"pop(key, default)"," to avoid a ",[15,25998,19342],{}," when the key might not exist.",[60,26001,3328,26003,38],{"id":26002},"what-dictpop-does",[15,26004,12228],{},[20,26006,26007,679],{},[15,26008,12228],{},[30,26010,26011,26014,26017,26020],{},[33,26012,26013],{},"Removes one key from a dictionary",[33,26015,26016],{},"Returns the value that belonged to that key",[33,26018,26019],{},"Changes the original dictionary",[33,26021,26022],{},"Works only with dictionary keys, not positions",[20,26024,506],{},[65,26026,26028],{"className":67,"code":26027,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"user = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"city\": \"Paris\"}\n\nremoved_city = user.pop(\"city\")\n\nprint(removed_city)  # Paris\nprint(user)          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[15,26029,26030,26070,26074,26097,26101,26115],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,26031,26032,26034,26036,26038,26040,26042,26044,26046,26048,26050,26052,26054,26056,26058,26060,26062,26064,26066,26068],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,26033,11145],{"class":80},[74,26035,85],{"class":84},[74,26037,10148],{"class":106},[74,26039,122],{"class":88},[74,26041,7323],{"class":92},[74,26043,122],{"class":88},[74,26045,679],{"class":106},[74,26047,89],{"class":88},[74,26049,12878],{"class":92},[74,26051,122],{"class":88},[74,26053,249],{"class":106},[74,26055,89],{"class":88},[74,26057,10066],{"class":92},[74,26059,122],{"class":88},[74,26061,679],{"class":106},[74,26063,89],{"class":88},[74,26065,10073],{"class":92},[74,26067,122],{"class":88},[74,26069,8965],{"class":106},[74,26071,26072],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,26073,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,26075,26076,26079,26081,26083,26085,26087,26089,26091,26093,26095],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,26077,26078],{"class":80},"removed_city ",[74,26080,85],{"class":84},[74,26082,11228],{"class":80},[74,26084,114],{"class":106},[74,26086,25895],{"class":110},[74,26088,107],{"class":106},[74,26090,122],{"class":88},[74,26092,10066],{"class":92},[74,26094,122],{"class":88},[74,26096,260],{"class":106},[74,26098,26099],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,26100,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,26102,26103,26105,26107,26110,26112],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,26104,103],{"class":102},[74,26106,107],{"class":106},[74,26108,26109],{"class":110},"removed_city",[74,26111,3311],{"class":106},[74,26113,26114],{"class":3314},"  # Paris\n",[74,26116,26117,26119,26121,26123,26125],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,26118,103],{"class":102},[74,26120,107],{"class":106},[74,26122,11239],{"class":110},[74,26124,3311],{"class":106},[74,26126,26127],{"class":3314},"          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[20,26129,20426,26130,26133,26134,114],{},[15,26131,26132],{},"\"city\""," is the key being removed. The method returns its value, which is ",[15,26135,26136],{},"\"Paris\"",[60,26138,227],{"id":226},[20,26140,26141],{},"There are two common forms:",[65,26143,26145],{"className":67,"code":26144,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"my_dict.pop(key)\nmy_dict.pop(key, default)\n",[15,26146,26147,26161],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,26148,26149,26151,26153,26155,26157,26159],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,26150,11108],{"class":80},[74,26152,114],{"class":106},[74,26154,25895],{"class":110},[74,26156,107],{"class":106},[74,26158,14499],{"class":110},[74,26160,260],{"class":106},[74,26162,26163,26165,26167,26169,26171,26173,26175,26178],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,26164,11108],{"class":80},[74,26166,114],{"class":106},[74,26168,25895],{"class":110},[74,26170,107],{"class":106},[74,26172,14499],{"class":110},[74,26174,249],{"class":106},[74,26176,26177],{"class":110}," default",[74,26179,260],{"class":106},[30,26181,26182,26188,26196,26202],{},[33,26183,26184,26187],{},[15,26185,26186],{},"dict.pop(key)"," removes the key if it exists",[33,26189,26190,26192,26193,26195],{},[15,26191,26186],{}," raises ",[15,26194,19342],{}," if the key is missing",[33,26197,26198,26201],{},[15,26199,26200],{},"dict.pop(key, default)"," returns the default value if the key is missing",[33,26203,26204],{},"The second form is safer when you are not sure the key exists",[20,26206,506],{},[65,26208,26210],{"className":67,"code":26209,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"science\": 85}\n\nprint(scores.pop(\"math\"))         # 90\nprint(scores.pop(\"history\", 0))   # 0\nprint(scores)                     # {'science': 85}\n",[15,26211,26212,26244,26248,26273,26301],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,26213,26214,26216,26218,26220,26222,26224,26226,26228,26230,26232,26234,26236,26238,26240,26242],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,26215,4715],{"class":80},[74,26217,85],{"class":84},[74,26219,10148],{"class":106},[74,26221,122],{"class":88},[74,26223,18071],{"class":92},[74,26225,122],{"class":88},[74,26227,679],{"class":106},[74,26229,19553],{"class":167},[74,26231,249],{"class":106},[74,26233,89],{"class":88},[74,26235,18080],{"class":92},[74,26237,122],{"class":88},[74,26239,679],{"class":106},[74,26241,13164],{"class":167},[74,26243,8965],{"class":106},[74,26245,26246],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,26247,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,26249,26250,26252,26254,26256,26258,26260,26262,26264,26266,26268,26270],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,26251,103],{"class":102},[74,26253,107],{"class":106},[74,26255,16047],{"class":110},[74,26257,114],{"class":106},[74,26259,25895],{"class":110},[74,26261,107],{"class":106},[74,26263,122],{"class":88},[74,26265,18071],{"class":92},[74,26267,122],{"class":88},[74,26269,5011],{"class":106},[74,26271,26272],{"class":3314},"         # 90\n",[74,26274,26275,26277,26279,26281,26283,26285,26287,26289,26291,26293,26295,26297,26299],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,26276,103],{"class":102},[74,26278,107],{"class":106},[74,26280,16047],{"class":110},[74,26282,114],{"class":106},[74,26284,25895],{"class":110},[74,26286,107],{"class":106},[74,26288,122],{"class":88},[74,26290,18089],{"class":92},[74,26292,122],{"class":88},[74,26294,249],{"class":106},[74,26296,3485],{"class":167},[74,26298,5011],{"class":106},[74,26300,20423],{"class":3314},[74,26302,26303,26305,26307,26309,26311],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,26304,103],{"class":102},[74,26306,107],{"class":106},[74,26308,16047],{"class":110},[74,26310,3311],{"class":106},[74,26312,26313],{"class":3314},"                     # {'science': 85}\n",[60,26315,305],{"id":304},[20,26317,26318,13711,26320,26322],{},[15,26319,12421],{},[332,26321,334],{}," return the updated dictionary.",[20,26324,26325],{},"Instead, it returns:",[30,26327,26328,26331],{},[33,26329,26330],{},"The removed value when the key exists",[33,26332,26333],{},"The default value if you provided one and the key is missing",[20,26335,506],{},[65,26337,26339],{"className":67,"code":26338,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"data = {\"a\": 10, \"b\": 20}\n\nresult1 = data.pop(\"a\")\nresult2 = data.pop(\"c\", \"missing\")\n\nprint(result1)  # 10\nprint(result2)  # missing\nprint(data)     # {'b': 20}\n",[15,26340,26341,26373,26377,26400,26432,26436,26450,26464],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,26342,26343,26345,26347,26349,26351,26353,26355,26357,26359,26361,26363,26365,26367,26369,26371],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,26344,8821],{"class":80},[74,26346,85],{"class":84},[74,26348,10148],{"class":106},[74,26350,122],{"class":88},[74,26352,125],{"class":92},[74,26354,122],{"class":88},[74,26356,679],{"class":106},[74,26358,5656],{"class":167},[74,26360,249],{"class":106},[74,26362,89],{"class":88},[74,26364,4412],{"class":92},[74,26366,122],{"class":88},[74,26368,679],{"class":106},[74,26370,7446],{"class":167},[74,26372,8965],{"class":106},[74,26374,26375],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,26376,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,26378,26379,26382,26384,26386,26388,26390,26392,26394,26396,26398],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,26380,26381],{"class":80},"result1 ",[74,26383,85],{"class":84},[74,26385,14224],{"class":80},[74,26387,114],{"class":106},[74,26389,25895],{"class":110},[74,26391,107],{"class":106},[74,26393,122],{"class":88},[74,26395,125],{"class":92},[74,26397,122],{"class":88},[74,26399,260],{"class":106},[74,26401,26402,26405,26407,26409,26411,26413,26415,26417,26419,26421,26423,26425,26428,26430],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,26403,26404],{"class":80},"result2 ",[74,26406,85],{"class":84},[74,26408,14224],{"class":80},[74,26410,114],{"class":106},[74,26412,25895],{"class":110},[74,26414,107],{"class":106},[74,26416,122],{"class":88},[74,26418,9396],{"class":92},[74,26420,122],{"class":88},[74,26422,249],{"class":106},[74,26424,89],{"class":88},[74,26426,26427],{"class":92},"missing",[74,26429,122],{"class":88},[74,26431,260],{"class":106},[74,26433,26434],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,26435,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,26437,26438,26440,26442,26445,26447],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,26439,103],{"class":102},[74,26441,107],{"class":106},[74,26443,26444],{"class":110},"result1",[74,26446,3311],{"class":106},[74,26448,26449],{"class":3314},"  # 10\n",[74,26451,26452,26454,26456,26459,26461],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,26453,103],{"class":102},[74,26455,107],{"class":106},[74,26457,26458],{"class":110},"result2",[74,26460,3311],{"class":106},[74,26462,26463],{"class":3314},"  # missing\n",[74,26465,26466,26468,26470,26472,26474],{"class":76,"line":6079},[74,26467,103],{"class":102},[74,26469,107],{"class":106},[74,26471,8860],{"class":110},[74,26473,3311],{"class":106},[74,26475,26476],{"class":3314},"     # {'b': 20}\n",[20,26478,26479,26480,6284],{},"If you only want to read a value without removing it, use ",[125,26481,26482],{"href":10394},[15,26483,26484],{},"dict.get()",[60,26486,1260,26488],{"id":26487},"when-to-use-pop",[15,26489,12421],{},[20,26491,176,26492,10259],{},[15,26493,12421],{},[30,26495,26496,26499,26502],{},[33,26497,26498],{},"You want to remove a key and keep its value",[33,26500,26501],{},"You are processing dictionary data step by step",[33,26503,26504],{},"You are cleaning or extracting values from a dictionary",[20,26506,506],{},[65,26508,26510],{"className":67,"code":26509,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"product = {\"name\": \"Laptop\", \"price\": 1200, \"discount\": 200}\n\ndiscount_amount = product.pop(\"discount\", 0)\n\nfinal_price = product[\"price\"] - discount_amount\n\nprint(discount_amount)  # 200\nprint(final_price)      # 1000\nprint(product)          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[15,26511,26512,26564,26568,26595,26599,26623,26627,26641,26655],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,26513,26514,26516,26518,26520,26522,26524,26526,26528,26530,26533,26535,26537,26539,26541,26543,26545,26548,26550,26552,26555,26557,26559,26562],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,26515,24780],{"class":80},[74,26517,85],{"class":84},[74,26519,10148],{"class":106},[74,26521,122],{"class":88},[74,26523,7323],{"class":92},[74,26525,122],{"class":88},[74,26527,679],{"class":106},[74,26529,89],{"class":88},[74,26531,26532],{"class":92},"Laptop",[74,26534,122],{"class":88},[74,26536,249],{"class":106},[74,26538,89],{"class":88},[74,26540,24806],{"class":92},[74,26542,122],{"class":88},[74,26544,679],{"class":106},[74,26546,26547],{"class":167}," 1200",[74,26549,249],{"class":106},[74,26551,89],{"class":88},[74,26553,26554],{"class":92},"discount",[74,26556,122],{"class":88},[74,26558,679],{"class":106},[74,26560,26561],{"class":167}," 200",[74,26563,8965],{"class":106},[74,26565,26566],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,26567,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,26569,26570,26573,26575,26577,26579,26581,26583,26585,26587,26589,26591,26593],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,26571,26572],{"class":80},"discount_amount ",[74,26574,85],{"class":84},[74,26576,24858],{"class":80},[74,26578,114],{"class":106},[74,26580,25895],{"class":110},[74,26582,107],{"class":106},[74,26584,122],{"class":88},[74,26586,26554],{"class":92},[74,26588,122],{"class":88},[74,26590,249],{"class":106},[74,26592,3485],{"class":167},[74,26594,260],{"class":106},[74,26596,26597],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,26598,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,26600,26601,26604,26606,26608,26610,26612,26614,26616,26618,26620],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,26602,26603],{"class":80},"final_price ",[74,26605,85],{"class":84},[74,26607,24858],{"class":80},[74,26609,742],{"class":106},[74,26611,122],{"class":88},[74,26613,24806],{"class":92},[74,26615,122],{"class":88},[74,26617,12930],{"class":106},[74,26619,1864],{"class":84},[74,26621,26622],{"class":80}," discount_amount\n",[74,26624,26625],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,26626,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,26628,26629,26631,26633,26636,26638],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,26630,103],{"class":102},[74,26632,107],{"class":106},[74,26634,26635],{"class":110},"discount_amount",[74,26637,3311],{"class":106},[74,26639,26640],{"class":3314},"  # 200\n",[74,26642,26643,26645,26647,26650,26652],{"class":76,"line":6079},[74,26644,103],{"class":102},[74,26646,107],{"class":106},[74,26648,26649],{"class":110},"final_price",[74,26651,3311],{"class":106},[74,26653,26654],{"class":3314},"      # 1000\n",[74,26656,26657,26659,26661,26664,26666],{"class":76,"line":6085},[74,26658,103],{"class":102},[74,26660,107],{"class":106},[74,26662,26663],{"class":110},"product",[74,26665,3311],{"class":106},[74,26667,26668],{"class":3314},"          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[20,26670,26671],{},"This is helpful when you want to take one piece of data out and then continue working with the remaining dictionary.",[60,26673,26675,10243,26677],{"id":26674},"pop-vs-del",[15,26676,12421],{},[15,26678,26679],{},"del",[20,26681,10248,26682,51,26684,26686],{},[15,26683,12421],{},[15,26685,26679],{}," can remove a key from a dictionary, but they are not the same.",[262,26688,176,26690,26692],{"id":26689},"use-pop-when-you-need-the-removed-value",[15,26691,12421],{}," when you need the removed value",[65,26694,26696],{"className":67,"code":26695,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nage = person.pop(\"age\")\n\nprint(age)     # 25\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,26697,26698,26734,26738,26760,26764,26777],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,26699,26700,26702,26704,26706,26708,26710,26712,26714,26716,26718,26720,26722,26724,26726,26728,26730,26732],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,26701,12861],{"class":80},[74,26703,85],{"class":84},[74,26705,10148],{"class":106},[74,26707,122],{"class":88},[74,26709,7323],{"class":92},[74,26711,122],{"class":88},[74,26713,679],{"class":106},[74,26715,89],{"class":88},[74,26717,12539],{"class":92},[74,26719,122],{"class":88},[74,26721,249],{"class":106},[74,26723,89],{"class":88},[74,26725,8955],{"class":92},[74,26727,122],{"class":88},[74,26729,679],{"class":106},[74,26731,8962],{"class":167},[74,26733,8965],{"class":106},[74,26735,26736],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,26737,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,26739,26740,26742,26744,26746,26748,26750,26752,26754,26756,26758],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,26741,21284],{"class":80},[74,26743,85],{"class":84},[74,26745,12904],{"class":80},[74,26747,114],{"class":106},[74,26749,25895],{"class":110},[74,26751,107],{"class":106},[74,26753,122],{"class":88},[74,26755,8955],{"class":92},[74,26757,122],{"class":88},[74,26759,260],{"class":106},[74,26761,26762],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,26763,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,26765,26766,26768,26770,26772,26774],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,26767,103],{"class":102},[74,26769,107],{"class":106},[74,26771,8955],{"class":110},[74,26773,3311],{"class":106},[74,26775,26776],{"class":3314},"     # 25\n",[74,26778,26779,26781,26783,26785,26787],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,26780,103],{"class":102},[74,26782,107],{"class":106},[74,26784,16965],{"class":110},[74,26786,3311],{"class":106},[74,26788,26789],{"class":3314},"  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[262,26791,176,26793,26795],{"id":26792},"use-del-when-you-only-want-deletion",[15,26794,26679],{}," when you only want deletion",[65,26797,26799],{"className":67,"code":26798,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\ndel person[\"age\"]\n\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,26800,26801,26837,26841,26857,26861],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,26802,26803,26805,26807,26809,26811,26813,26815,26817,26819,26821,26823,26825,26827,26829,26831,26833,26835],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,26804,12861],{"class":80},[74,26806,85],{"class":84},[74,26808,10148],{"class":106},[74,26810,122],{"class":88},[74,26812,7323],{"class":92},[74,26814,122],{"class":88},[74,26816,679],{"class":106},[74,26818,89],{"class":88},[74,26820,12539],{"class":92},[74,26822,122],{"class":88},[74,26824,249],{"class":106},[74,26826,89],{"class":88},[74,26828,8955],{"class":92},[74,26830,122],{"class":88},[74,26832,679],{"class":106},[74,26834,8962],{"class":167},[74,26836,8965],{"class":106},[74,26838,26839],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,26840,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,26842,26843,26845,26847,26849,26851,26853,26855],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,26844,26679],{"class":3529},[74,26846,12904],{"class":80},[74,26848,742],{"class":106},[74,26850,122],{"class":88},[74,26852,8955],{"class":92},[74,26854,122],{"class":88},[74,26856,3284],{"class":106},[74,26858,26859],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,26860,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,26862,26863,26865,26867,26869,26871],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,26864,103],{"class":102},[74,26866,107],{"class":106},[74,26868,16965],{"class":110},[74,26870,3311],{"class":106},[74,26872,26789],{"class":3314},[20,26874,26875],{},"Difference:",[30,26877,26878,26883],{},[33,26879,26880,26882],{},[15,26881,12421],{}," removes a key and returns its value",[33,26884,26885,26887],{},[15,26886,26679],{}," removes a key but does not return the value",[20,26889,26890,26891,114],{},"If your goal is simply to remove a key, see ",[125,26892,12233],{"href":12232},[60,26894,26896,26897],{"id":26895},"how-to-avoid-keyerror","How to avoid ",[15,26898,19342],{},[20,26900,26901],{},"A common beginner problem is trying to remove a key that does not exist.",[262,26903,26905],{"id":26904},"option-1-use-a-default-value","Option 1: Use a default value",[65,26907,26909],{"className":67,"code":26908,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.pop(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,26910,26911,26936,26940,26966,26970,26982],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,26912,26913,26915,26917,26919,26921,26923,26925,26927,26929,26932,26934],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,26914,11382],{"class":80},[74,26916,85],{"class":84},[74,26918,10148],{"class":106},[74,26920,122],{"class":88},[74,26922,7323],{"class":92},[74,26924,122],{"class":88},[74,26926,679],{"class":106},[74,26928,89],{"class":88},[74,26930,26931],{"class":92},"Sara",[74,26933,122],{"class":88},[74,26935,8965],{"class":106},[74,26937,26938],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,26939,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,26941,26942,26944,26946,26948,26950,26952,26954,26956,26958,26960,26962,26964],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,26943,2089],{"class":80},[74,26945,85],{"class":84},[74,26947,11424],{"class":80},[74,26949,114],{"class":106},[74,26951,25895],{"class":110},[74,26953,107],{"class":106},[74,26955,122],{"class":88},[74,26957,8955],{"class":92},[74,26959,122],{"class":88},[74,26961,249],{"class":106},[74,26963,3505],{"class":3504},[74,26965,260],{"class":106},[74,26967,26968],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,26969,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,26971,26972,26974,26976,26978,26980],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,26973,103],{"class":102},[74,26975,107],{"class":106},[74,26977,246],{"class":110},[74,26979,3311],{"class":106},[74,26981,20216],{"class":3314},[74,26983,26984,26986,26988,26990,26992],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,26985,103],{"class":102},[74,26987,107],{"class":106},[74,26989,11108],{"class":110},[74,26991,3311],{"class":106},[74,26993,26994],{"class":3314}," # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[20,26996,26997],{},"This is the safest and shortest option.",[262,26999,27001],{"id":27000},"option-2-check-first","Option 2: Check first",[65,27003,27005],{"className":67,"code":27004,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nif \"age\" in my_dict:\n    value = my_dict.pop(\"age\")\n    print(value)\nelse:\n    print(\"Key not found\")\n",[15,27006,27007,27031,27035,27051,27074,27084,27091],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,27008,27009,27011,27013,27015,27017,27019,27021,27023,27025,27027,27029],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,27010,11382],{"class":80},[74,27012,85],{"class":84},[74,27014,10148],{"class":106},[74,27016,122],{"class":88},[74,27018,7323],{"class":92},[74,27020,122],{"class":88},[74,27022,679],{"class":106},[74,27024,89],{"class":88},[74,27026,26931],{"class":92},[74,27028,122],{"class":88},[74,27030,8965],{"class":106},[74,27032,27033],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,27034,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,27036,27037,27039,27041,27043,27045,27047,27049],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,27038,6651],{"class":3529},[74,27040,89],{"class":88},[74,27042,8955],{"class":92},[74,27044,122],{"class":88},[74,27046,20829],{"class":84},[74,27048,11424],{"class":80},[74,27050,6046],{"class":106},[74,27052,27053,27056,27058,27060,27062,27064,27066,27068,27070,27072],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,27054,27055],{"class":80},"    value ",[74,27057,85],{"class":84},[74,27059,11424],{"class":80},[74,27061,114],{"class":106},[74,27063,25895],{"class":110},[74,27065,107],{"class":106},[74,27067,122],{"class":88},[74,27069,8955],{"class":92},[74,27071,122],{"class":88},[74,27073,260],{"class":106},[74,27075,27076,27078,27080,27082],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,27077,7726],{"class":102},[74,27079,107],{"class":106},[74,27081,246],{"class":110},[74,27083,260],{"class":106},[74,27085,27086,27089],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,27087,27088],{"class":3529},"else",[74,27090,6046],{"class":106},[74,27092,27093,27095,27097,27099,27102,27104],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,27094,7726],{"class":102},[74,27096,107],{"class":106},[74,27098,122],{"class":88},[74,27100,27101],{"class":92},"Key not found",[74,27103,122],{"class":88},[74,27105,260],{"class":106},[262,27107,27109,27110,27112],{"id":27108},"option-3-use-get-if-you-do-not-want-to-remove-anything","Option 3: Use ",[15,27111,10398],{}," if you do not want to remove anything",[65,27114,27116],{"className":67,"code":27115,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.get(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,27117,27118,27142,27146,27172,27176,27188],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,27119,27120,27122,27124,27126,27128,27130,27132,27134,27136,27138,27140],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,27121,11382],{"class":80},[74,27123,85],{"class":84},[74,27125,10148],{"class":106},[74,27127,122],{"class":88},[74,27129,7323],{"class":92},[74,27131,122],{"class":88},[74,27133,679],{"class":106},[74,27135,89],{"class":88},[74,27137,26931],{"class":92},[74,27139,122],{"class":88},[74,27141,8965],{"class":106},[74,27143,27144],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,27145,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,27147,27148,27150,27152,27154,27156,27158,27160,27162,27164,27166,27168,27170],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,27149,2089],{"class":80},[74,27151,85],{"class":84},[74,27153,11424],{"class":80},[74,27155,114],{"class":106},[74,27157,19405],{"class":110},[74,27159,107],{"class":106},[74,27161,122],{"class":88},[74,27163,8955],{"class":92},[74,27165,122],{"class":88},[74,27167,249],{"class":106},[74,27169,3505],{"class":3504},[74,27171,260],{"class":106},[74,27173,27174],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,27175,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,27177,27178,27180,27182,27184,27186],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,27179,103],{"class":102},[74,27181,107],{"class":106},[74,27183,246],{"class":110},[74,27185,3311],{"class":106},[74,27187,20216],{"class":3314},[74,27189,27190,27192,27194,27196,27198],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,27191,103],{"class":102},[74,27193,107],{"class":106},[74,27195,11108],{"class":110},[74,27197,3311],{"class":106},[74,27199,26994],{"class":3314},[20,27201,176,27202,27206,27207,114],{},[125,27203,27204],{"href":10394},[15,27205,26484],{}," when you only need to read a value. If you are seeing this error already, read ",[125,27208,10921],{"href":10732},[60,27210,4170],{"id":4169},[20,27212,27213,27214,114],{},"Here are some mistakes that happen often with ",[15,27215,12228],{},[262,27217,25431,27219,27221],{"id":27218},"thinking-pop-removes-by-position-like-a-list",[15,27220,12421],{}," removes by position like a list",[20,27223,27224],{},"Lists use indexes:",[65,27226,27228],{"className":67,"code":27227,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.pop(1))  # 20\n",[15,27229,27230,27250],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,27231,27232,27234,27236,27238,27240,27242,27244,27246,27248],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,27233,3266],{"class":80},[74,27235,85],{"class":84},[74,27237,3271],{"class":106},[74,27239,1972],{"class":167},[74,27241,249],{"class":106},[74,27243,7446],{"class":167},[74,27245,249],{"class":106},[74,27247,7451],{"class":167},[74,27249,3284],{"class":106},[74,27251,27252,27254,27256,27258,27260,27262,27264,27266,27268],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,27253,103],{"class":102},[74,27255,107],{"class":106},[74,27257,3298],{"class":110},[74,27259,114],{"class":106},[74,27261,25895],{"class":110},[74,27263,107],{"class":106},[74,27265,2632],{"class":167},[74,27267,5011],{"class":106},[74,27269,27270],{"class":3314},"  # 20\n",[20,27272,27273],{},"Dictionaries use keys:",[65,27275,27277],{"className":67,"code":27276,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nprint(person.pop(\"age\"))  # 25\n",[15,27278,27279,27315],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,27280,27281,27283,27285,27287,27289,27291,27293,27295,27297,27299,27301,27303,27305,27307,27309,27311,27313],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,27282,12861],{"class":80},[74,27284,85],{"class":84},[74,27286,10148],{"class":106},[74,27288,122],{"class":88},[74,27290,7323],{"class":92},[74,27292,122],{"class":88},[74,27294,679],{"class":106},[74,27296,89],{"class":88},[74,27298,12539],{"class":92},[74,27300,122],{"class":88},[74,27302,249],{"class":106},[74,27304,89],{"class":88},[74,27306,8955],{"class":92},[74,27308,122],{"class":88},[74,27310,679],{"class":106},[74,27312,8962],{"class":167},[74,27314,8965],{"class":106},[74,27316,27317,27319,27321,27323,27325,27327,27329,27331,27333,27335,27337],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,27318,103],{"class":102},[74,27320,107],{"class":106},[74,27322,16965],{"class":110},[74,27324,114],{"class":106},[74,27326,25895],{"class":110},[74,27328,107],{"class":106},[74,27330,122],{"class":88},[74,27332,8955],{"class":92},[74,27334,122],{"class":88},[74,27336,5011],{"class":106},[74,27338,27339],{"class":3314},"  # 25\n",[20,27341,27342,27343,27345,27346,27348],{},"A dictionary does ",[332,27344,334],{}," use positions with ",[15,27347,12421],{},". It uses keys.",[262,27350,4355,27352,27354],{"id":27351},"forgetting-that-pop-changes-the-original-dictionary",[15,27353,12421],{}," changes the original dictionary",[65,27356,27358],{"className":67,"code":27357,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"x\")\n\nprint(value)  # 1\nprint(data)   # {'y': 2}\n",[15,27359,27360,27392,27396,27418,27422,27435],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,27361,27362,27364,27366,27368,27370,27372,27374,27376,27378,27380,27382,27384,27386,27388,27390],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,27363,8821],{"class":80},[74,27365,85],{"class":84},[74,27367,10148],{"class":106},[74,27369,122],{"class":88},[74,27371,1816],{"class":92},[74,27373,122],{"class":88},[74,27375,679],{"class":106},[74,27377,5148],{"class":167},[74,27379,249],{"class":106},[74,27381,89],{"class":88},[74,27383,11403],{"class":92},[74,27385,122],{"class":88},[74,27387,679],{"class":106},[74,27389,620],{"class":167},[74,27391,8965],{"class":106},[74,27393,27394],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,27395,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,27397,27398,27400,27402,27404,27406,27408,27410,27412,27414,27416],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,27399,2089],{"class":80},[74,27401,85],{"class":84},[74,27403,14224],{"class":80},[74,27405,114],{"class":106},[74,27407,25895],{"class":110},[74,27409,107],{"class":106},[74,27411,122],{"class":88},[74,27413,1816],{"class":92},[74,27415,122],{"class":88},[74,27417,260],{"class":106},[74,27419,27420],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,27421,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,27423,27424,27426,27428,27430,27432],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,27425,103],{"class":102},[74,27427,107],{"class":106},[74,27429,246],{"class":110},[74,27431,3311],{"class":106},[74,27433,27434],{"class":3314},"  # 1\n",[74,27436,27437,27439,27441,27443,27445],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,27438,103],{"class":102},[74,27440,107],{"class":106},[74,27442,8860],{"class":110},[74,27444,3311],{"class":106},[74,27446,27447],{"class":3314},"   # {'y': 2}\n",[20,27449,27450,27451,27453],{},"After ",[15,27452,12421],{},", the key is gone from the same dictionary object.",[262,27455,571,27457,27459],{"id":27456},"using-pop-on-a-missing-key-without-a-default-value",[15,27458,12421],{}," on a missing key without a default value",[65,27461,27463],{"className":67,"code":27462,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\n# This causes an error\n# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[15,27464,27465,27489,27493,27498],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,27466,27467,27469,27471,27473,27475,27477,27479,27481,27483,27485,27487],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,27468,8821],{"class":80},[74,27470,85],{"class":84},[74,27472,10148],{"class":106},[74,27474,122],{"class":88},[74,27476,7323],{"class":92},[74,27478,122],{"class":88},[74,27480,679],{"class":106},[74,27482,89],{"class":88},[74,27484,7578],{"class":92},[74,27486,122],{"class":88},[74,27488,8965],{"class":106},[74,27490,27491],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,27492,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,27494,27495],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,27496,27497],{"class":3314},"# This causes an error\n",[74,27499,27500],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,27501,27502],{"class":3314},"# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[20,27504,27505],{},"Safer version:",[65,27507,27509],{"className":67,"code":27508,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(\"age\", \"missing\"))  # missing\n",[15,27510,27511,27535,27539],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,27512,27513,27515,27517,27519,27521,27523,27525,27527,27529,27531,27533],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,27514,8821],{"class":80},[74,27516,85],{"class":84},[74,27518,10148],{"class":106},[74,27520,122],{"class":88},[74,27522,7323],{"class":92},[74,27524,122],{"class":88},[74,27526,679],{"class":106},[74,27528,89],{"class":88},[74,27530,7578],{"class":92},[74,27532,122],{"class":88},[74,27534,8965],{"class":106},[74,27536,27537],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,27538,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,27540,27541,27543,27545,27547,27549,27551,27553,27555,27557,27559,27561,27563,27565,27567,27569],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,27542,103],{"class":102},[74,27544,107],{"class":106},[74,27546,8860],{"class":110},[74,27548,114],{"class":106},[74,27550,25895],{"class":110},[74,27552,107],{"class":106},[74,27554,122],{"class":88},[74,27556,8955],{"class":92},[74,27558,122],{"class":88},[74,27560,249],{"class":106},[74,27562,89],{"class":88},[74,27564,26427],{"class":92},[74,27566,122],{"class":88},[74,27568,5011],{"class":106},[74,27570,26463],{"class":3314},[262,27572,923,27574,27576],{"id":27573},"expecting-pop-to-return-the-whole-dictionary",[15,27575,12421],{}," to return the whole dictionary",[65,27578,27580],{"className":67,"code":27579,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nresult = data.pop(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 1\nprint(data)    # {'b': 2}\n",[15,27581,27582,27614,27618,27640,27644,27656],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,27583,27584,27586,27588,27590,27592,27594,27596,27598,27600,27602,27604,27606,27608,27610,27612],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,27585,8821],{"class":80},[74,27587,85],{"class":84},[74,27589,10148],{"class":106},[74,27591,122],{"class":88},[74,27593,125],{"class":92},[74,27595,122],{"class":88},[74,27597,679],{"class":106},[74,27599,5148],{"class":167},[74,27601,249],{"class":106},[74,27603,89],{"class":88},[74,27605,4412],{"class":92},[74,27607,122],{"class":88},[74,27609,679],{"class":106},[74,27611,620],{"class":167},[74,27613,8965],{"class":106},[74,27615,27616],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,27617,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,27619,27620,27622,27624,27626,27628,27630,27632,27634,27636,27638],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,27621,383],{"class":80},[74,27623,85],{"class":84},[74,27625,14224],{"class":80},[74,27627,114],{"class":106},[74,27629,25895],{"class":110},[74,27631,107],{"class":106},[74,27633,122],{"class":88},[74,27635,125],{"class":92},[74,27637,122],{"class":88},[74,27639,260],{"class":106},[74,27641,27642],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,27643,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,27645,27646,27648,27650,27652,27654],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,27647,103],{"class":102},[74,27649,107],{"class":106},[74,27651,418],{"class":110},[74,27653,3311],{"class":106},[74,27655,27434],{"class":3314},[74,27657,27658,27660,27662,27664,27666],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,27659,103],{"class":102},[74,27661,107],{"class":106},[74,27663,8860],{"class":110},[74,27665,3311],{"class":106},[74,27667,27668],{"class":3314},"    # {'b': 2}\n",[20,27670,27671],{},"The return value is the removed value, not the updated dictionary.",[60,27673,27675],{"id":27674},"common-causes-of-problems","Common causes of problems",[20,27677,27678,27679,27681],{},"Problems with ",[15,27680,12228],{}," often happen because of one of these reasons:",[30,27683,27684,27687,27696,27699],{},[33,27685,27686],{},"Using a key that does not exist in the dictionary",[33,27688,27689,27690,27693,27694],{},"Mixing up list ",[15,27691,27692],{},"pop(index)"," with dictionary ",[15,27695,25991],{},[33,27697,27698],{},"Removing data that is still needed later in the code",[33,27700,27701,27702,10750,27704],{},"Using the wrong key type, such as ",[15,27703,2632],{},[15,27705,27706],{},"\"1\"",[20,27708,27709],{},"Example of wrong key type:",[65,27711,27713],{"className":67,"code":27712,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"data = {\"1\": \"one\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(1, \"not found\"))    # not found\nprint(data.pop(\"1\", \"not found\"))  # one\n",[15,27714,27715,27739,27743,27773],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,27716,27717,27719,27721,27723,27725,27727,27729,27731,27733,27735,27737],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,27718,8821],{"class":80},[74,27720,85],{"class":84},[74,27722,10148],{"class":106},[74,27724,122],{"class":88},[74,27726,2632],{"class":92},[74,27728,122],{"class":88},[74,27730,679],{"class":106},[74,27732,89],{"class":88},[74,27734,543],{"class":92},[74,27736,122],{"class":88},[74,27738,8965],{"class":106},[74,27740,27741],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,27742,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,27744,27745,27747,27749,27751,27753,27755,27757,27759,27761,27763,27766,27768,27770],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,27746,103],{"class":102},[74,27748,107],{"class":106},[74,27750,8860],{"class":110},[74,27752,114],{"class":106},[74,27754,25895],{"class":110},[74,27756,107],{"class":106},[74,27758,2632],{"class":167},[74,27760,249],{"class":106},[74,27762,89],{"class":88},[74,27764,27765],{"class":92},"not found",[74,27767,122],{"class":88},[74,27769,5011],{"class":106},[74,27771,27772],{"class":3314},"    # not found\n",[74,27774,27775,27777,27779,27781,27783,27785,27787,27789,27791,27793,27795,27797,27799,27801,27803],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,27776,103],{"class":102},[74,27778,107],{"class":106},[74,27780,8860],{"class":110},[74,27782,114],{"class":106},[74,27784,25895],{"class":110},[74,27786,107],{"class":106},[74,27788,122],{"class":88},[74,27790,2632],{"class":92},[74,27792,122],{"class":88},[74,27794,249],{"class":106},[74,27796,89],{"class":88},[74,27798,27765],{"class":92},[74,27800,122],{"class":88},[74,27802,5011],{"class":106},[74,27804,27805],{"class":3314},"  # one\n",[20,27807,27808,51,27810,27812],{},[15,27809,2632],{},[15,27811,27706],{}," are different keys.",[60,27814,8528],{"id":8527},[20,27816,1318,27817,27819],{},[15,27818,12421],{}," is not working the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[65,27821,27823],{"className":67,"code":27822,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,27824,27825,27835,27849,27867,27897],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,27826,27827,27829,27831,27833],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,27828,103],{"class":102},[74,27830,107],{"class":106},[74,27832,11108],{"class":110},[74,27834,260],{"class":106},[74,27836,27837,27839,27841,27843,27845,27847],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,27838,103],{"class":102},[74,27840,107],{"class":106},[74,27842,11108],{"class":110},[74,27844,114],{"class":106},[74,27846,16582],{"class":110},[74,27848,6848],{"class":106},[74,27850,27851,27853,27855,27857,27859,27861,27863,27865],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,27852,103],{"class":102},[74,27854,107],{"class":106},[74,27856,2946],{"class":88},[74,27858,7323],{"class":92},[74,27860,2946],{"class":88},[74,27862,20829],{"class":3529},[74,27864,11424],{"class":110},[74,27866,260],{"class":106},[74,27868,27869,27871,27873,27875,27877,27879,27881,27883,27885,27887,27889,27891,27893,27895],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,27870,103],{"class":102},[74,27872,107],{"class":106},[74,27874,11108],{"class":110},[74,27876,114],{"class":106},[74,27878,25895],{"class":110},[74,27880,107],{"class":106},[74,27882,2946],{"class":88},[74,27884,7323],{"class":92},[74,27886,2946],{"class":88},[74,27888,249],{"class":106},[74,27890,2941],{"class":88},[74,27892,26427],{"class":92},[74,27894,2946],{"class":88},[74,27896,130],{"class":106},[74,27898,27899,27901,27903,27905,27907,27909],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,27900,103],{"class":102},[74,27902,107],{"class":106},[74,27904,1346],{"class":1345},[74,27906,107],{"class":106},[74,27908,11108],{"class":110},[74,27910,130],{"class":106},[20,27912,20992],{},[30,27914,27915,27920,27925,27930,27936],{},[33,27916,27917,27919],{},[15,27918,12338],{}," shows the current dictionary contents",[33,27921,27922,27924],{},[15,27923,21004],{}," shows all available keys",[33,27926,27927,27929],{},[15,27928,21010],{}," checks whether a key exists",[33,27931,27932,27935],{},[15,27933,27934],{},"print(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))"," tests safe removal",[33,27937,27938,27940],{},[15,27939,12344],{}," confirms that the object is really a dictionary",[20,27942,27943,27944,114],{},"If you need to understand dictionary basics first, see ",[125,27945,9048],{"href":9047},[60,27947,1471],{"id":1470},[262,27949,27951,27952,27954],{"id":27950},"does-dictionary-pop-return-the-key-or-the-value","Does dictionary ",[15,27953,12421],{}," return the key or the value?",[20,27956,27957],{},"It returns the value for the removed key.",[262,27959,27961],{"id":27960},"what-happens-if-the-key-does-not-exist","What happens if the key does not exist?",[20,27963,27964,26192,27966,27968,27969,27971],{},[15,27965,25991],{},[15,27967,19342],{},". ",[15,27970,25995],{}," returns the default value instead.",[262,27973,1517,27975,14554],{"id":27974},"does-pop-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,27976,12421],{},[20,27978,27979],{},"Yes. It removes the key from the existing dictionary.",[262,27981,27983,27984,27986],{"id":27982},"can-i-use-pop-to-remove-the-last-item-in-a-dictionary","Can I use ",[15,27985,12421],{}," to remove the last item in a dictionary?",[20,27988,27989,27990,27992,27993,114],{},"Not with ",[15,27991,12228],{},". To remove the last inserted key-value pair, use ",[125,27994,27995],{"href":12239},[15,27996,12428],{},[262,27998,4828,28000,51,28002,2135],{"id":27999},"what-is-the-difference-between-get-and-pop",[15,28001,10398],{},[15,28003,12421],{},[20,28005,28006,28008,28009,28011],{},[15,28007,10398],{}," reads a value without removing it. ",[15,28010,12421],{}," reads and removes it.",[60,28013,1527],{"id":1526},[30,28015,28016,28022,28029,28033,28037,28041],{},[33,28017,28018],{},[125,28019,28020],{"href":10394},[15,28021,19323],{},[33,28023,28024],{},[125,28025,28026],{"href":12239},[15,28027,28028],{},"Python Dictionary popitem() Method",[33,28030,28031],{},[125,28032,12445],{"href":12232},[33,28034,28035],{},[125,28036,21113],{"href":16255},[33,28038,28039],{},[125,28040,10921],{"href":10732},[33,28042,28043],{},[125,28044,28046],{"href":28045},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-key-not-found-in-dictionary-fix\u002F","KeyError: key not found in dictionary fix",[1566,28048,28049],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":70,"searchDepth":99,"depth":99,"links":28051},[28052,28053,28055,28056,28057,28059,28066,28073,28083,28084,28085,28096],{"id":3255,"depth":99,"text":3256},{"id":26002,"depth":99,"text":28054},"What dict.pop() does",{"id":226,"depth":99,"text":227},{"id":304,"depth":99,"text":305},{"id":26487,"depth":99,"text":28058},"When to use pop()",{"id":26674,"depth":99,"text":28060,"children":28061},"pop() vs del",[28062,28064],{"id":26689,"depth":133,"text":28063},"Use pop() when you need the removed value",{"id":26792,"depth":133,"text":28065},"Use del when you only want deletion",{"id":26895,"depth":99,"text":28067,"children":28068},"How to avoid KeyError",[28069,28070,28071],{"id":26904,"depth":133,"text":26905},{"id":27000,"depth":133,"text":27001},{"id":27108,"depth":133,"text":28072},"Option 3: Use get() if you do not want to remove anything",{"id":4169,"depth":99,"text":4170,"children":28074},[28075,28077,28079,28081],{"id":27218,"depth":133,"text":28076},"Thinking pop() removes by position like a list",{"id":27351,"depth":133,"text":28078},"Forgetting that pop() changes the original dictionary",{"id":27456,"depth":133,"text":28080},"Using pop() on a missing key without a default value",{"id":27573,"depth":133,"text":28082},"Expecting pop() to return the whole dictionary",{"id":27674,"depth":99,"text":27675},{"id":8527,"depth":99,"text":8528},{"id":1470,"depth":99,"text":1471,"children":28086},[28087,28089,28090,28092,28094],{"id":27950,"depth":133,"text":28088},"Does dictionary pop() return the key or the value?",{"id":27960,"depth":133,"text":27961},{"id":27974,"depth":133,"text":28091},"Does pop() change the original dictionary?",{"id":27982,"depth":133,"text":28093},"Can I use pop() to remove the last item in a dictionary?",{"id":27999,"depth":133,"text":28095},"What is the difference between get() and pop()?",{"id":1526,"depth":99,"text":1527},"Master python dictionary pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method",{"title":25823,"description":28097},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method","covTbfNQY4fVAPAVxk1e0B4DZXBgW5sTT-L3t_ORUSI",{"id":28104,"title":28028,"body":28105,"description":30045,"extension":1610,"meta":30046,"navigation":407,"path":30047,"seo":30048,"stem":30049,"__hash__":30050},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method.md",{"type":7,"value":28106,"toc":30009},[28107,28112,28117,28120,28128,28138,28140,28229,28233,28282,28287,28292,28296,28312,28315,28317,28332,28334,28350,28357,28361,28367,28376,28378,28447,28451,28472,28475,28494,28497,28520,28522,28525,28640,28644,28703,28710,28714,28720,28845,28849,28899,28902,28906,28913,28915,28978,28982,29003,29006,29015,29030,29038,29045,29049,29061,29065,29076,29078,29224,29228,29287,29294,29299,29303,29309,29332,29337,29356,29360,29431,29438,29511,29520,29525,29530,29541,29544,29681,29686,29718,29723,29725,29729,29789,29792,29849,29852,29895,29897,29902,29908,29914,29917,29924,29932,29937,29940,29947,29955,29957,30006],[10,28108,10977,28110,18],{"id":28109},"python-dictionary-popitem-method",[15,28111,12428],{},[20,28113,1627,28114,28116],{},[15,28115,12428],{}," method removes one item from a dictionary and returns it.",[20,28118,28119],{},"It is useful when you want to both:",[30,28121,28122,28125],{},[33,28123,28124],{},"remove an item",[33,28126,28127],{},"get that removed item at the same time",[20,28129,28130,28131,28133,28134,28137],{},"In modern Python, ",[15,28132,12428],{}," removes the ",[332,28135,28136],{},"last inserted key-value pair",". It also changes the original dictionary, so the item is no longer there after the method runs.",[60,28139,63],{"id":62},[65,28141,28143],{"className":67,"code":28142,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\nitem = data.popitem()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(data)\n",[15,28144,28145,28189,28205,28209,28219],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,28146,28147,28149,28151,28153,28155,28157,28159,28161,28163,28165,28167,28169,28171,28173,28175,28177,28179,28181,28183,28185,28187],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,28148,8821],{"class":80},[74,28150,85],{"class":84},[74,28152,10148],{"class":106},[74,28154,122],{"class":88},[74,28156,125],{"class":92},[74,28158,122],{"class":88},[74,28160,679],{"class":106},[74,28162,5148],{"class":167},[74,28164,249],{"class":106},[74,28166,89],{"class":88},[74,28168,4412],{"class":92},[74,28170,122],{"class":88},[74,28172,679],{"class":106},[74,28174,620],{"class":167},[74,28176,249],{"class":106},[74,28178,89],{"class":88},[74,28180,9396],{"class":92},[74,28182,122],{"class":88},[74,28184,679],{"class":106},[74,28186,2094],{"class":167},[74,28188,8965],{"class":106},[74,28190,28191,28194,28196,28198,28200,28203],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,28192,28193],{"class":80},"item ",[74,28195,85],{"class":84},[74,28197,14224],{"class":80},[74,28199,114],{"class":106},[74,28201,28202],{"class":110},"popitem",[74,28204,8299],{"class":106},[74,28206,28207],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,28208,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,28210,28211,28213,28215,28217],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,28212,103],{"class":102},[74,28214,107],{"class":106},[74,28216,22966],{"class":110},[74,28218,260],{"class":106},[74,28220,28221,28223,28225,28227],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,28222,103],{"class":102},[74,28224,107],{"class":106},[74,28226,8860],{"class":110},[74,28228,260],{"class":106},[20,28230,28231],{},[332,28232,157],{},[65,28234,28236],{"className":67,"code":28235,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"('c', 3)\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,28237,28238,28254],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,28239,28240,28242,28244,28246,28248,28250,28252],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,28241,107],{"class":106},[74,28243,2946],{"class":88},[74,28245,9396],{"class":92},[74,28247,2946],{"class":88},[74,28249,249],{"class":106},[74,28251,2094],{"class":167},[74,28253,260],{"class":106},[74,28255,28256,28258,28260,28262,28264,28266,28268,28270,28272,28274,28276,28278,28280],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,28257,8934],{"class":106},[74,28259,2946],{"class":88},[74,28261,125],{"class":92},[74,28263,2946],{"class":88},[74,28265,679],{"class":106},[74,28267,5148],{"class":167},[74,28269,249],{"class":106},[74,28271,2941],{"class":88},[74,28273,4412],{"class":92},[74,28275,2946],{"class":88},[74,28277,679],{"class":106},[74,28279,620],{"class":167},[74,28281,8965],{"class":106},[20,28283,28284,28286],{},[15,28285,12428],{}," removes and returns the last inserted key-value pair as a tuple.",[60,28288,3328,28290,38],{"id":28289},"what-popitem-does",[15,28291,12428],{},[20,28293,28294,679],{},[15,28295,12428],{},[30,28297,28298,28301,28306,28309],{},[33,28299,28300],{},"removes one item from a dictionary",[33,28302,28303,28304],{},"returns the removed item as a tuple: ",[15,28305,21311],{},[33,28307,28308],{},"removes the last inserted item in modern Python",[33,28310,28311],{},"changes the original dictionary",[20,28313,28314],{},"This means the dictionary becomes smaller after you call it.",[60,28316,227],{"id":226},[65,28318,28320],{"className":67,"code":28319,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"dictionary.popitem()\n",[15,28321,28322],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,28323,28324,28326,28328,28330],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,28325,15262],{"class":80},[74,28327,114],{"class":106},[74,28329,28202],{"class":110},[74,28331,8299],{"class":106},[20,28333,11117],{},[30,28335,28336,28344,28347],{},[33,28337,28338,28340,28341],{},[15,28339,12428],{}," takes ",[332,28342,28343],{},"no arguments",[33,28345,28346],{},"it always returns a 2-item tuple",[33,28348,28349],{},"use the returned tuple if you need both the key and the value",[20,28351,28352,28353,6284],{},"If you want to remove a specific key, use ",[125,28354,28355],{"href":12225},[15,28356,12421],{},[60,28358,28360],{"id":28359},"what-gets-returned","What gets returned",[20,28362,28363,28364,28366],{},"The value returned by ",[15,28365,12428],{}," is a tuple with two parts:",[28368,28369,28370,28373],"ol",{},[33,28371,28372],{},"the key",[33,28374,28375],{},"the value",[20,28377,506],{},[65,28379,28381],{"className":67,"code":28380,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"person = {\"name\": \"Alice\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = person.popitem()\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,28382,28383,28419,28433,28437],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,28384,28385,28387,28389,28391,28393,28395,28397,28399,28401,28403,28405,28407,28409,28411,28413,28415,28417],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,28386,12861],{"class":80},[74,28388,85],{"class":84},[74,28390,10148],{"class":106},[74,28392,122],{"class":88},[74,28394,7323],{"class":92},[74,28396,122],{"class":88},[74,28398,679],{"class":106},[74,28400,89],{"class":88},[74,28402,4655],{"class":92},[74,28404,122],{"class":88},[74,28406,249],{"class":106},[74,28408,89],{"class":88},[74,28410,8955],{"class":92},[74,28412,122],{"class":88},[74,28414,679],{"class":106},[74,28416,8962],{"class":167},[74,28418,8965],{"class":106},[74,28420,28421,28423,28425,28427,28429,28431],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,28422,383],{"class":80},[74,28424,85],{"class":84},[74,28426,12904],{"class":80},[74,28428,114],{"class":106},[74,28430,28202],{"class":110},[74,28432,8299],{"class":106},[74,28434,28435],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,28436,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,28438,28439,28441,28443,28445],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,28440,103],{"class":102},[74,28442,107],{"class":106},[74,28444,418],{"class":110},[74,28446,260],{"class":106},[20,28448,28449],{},[332,28450,157],{},[65,28452,28454],{"className":67,"code":28453,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"('age', 25)\n",[15,28455,28456],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,28457,28458,28460,28462,28464,28466,28468,28470],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,28459,107],{"class":106},[74,28461,2946],{"class":88},[74,28463,8955],{"class":92},[74,28465,2946],{"class":88},[74,28467,249],{"class":106},[74,28469,8962],{"class":167},[74,28471,260],{"class":106},[20,28473,28474],{},"You can store the result in one variable:",[65,28476,28478],{"className":67,"code":28477,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"result = person.popitem()\n",[15,28479,28480],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,28481,28482,28484,28486,28488,28490,28492],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,28483,383],{"class":80},[74,28485,85],{"class":84},[74,28487,12904],{"class":80},[74,28489,114],{"class":106},[74,28491,28202],{"class":110},[74,28493,8299],{"class":106},[20,28495,28496],{},"Or unpack it into two variables:",[65,28498,28500],{"className":67,"code":28499,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"key, value = person.popitem()\n",[15,28501,28502],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,28503,28504,28506,28508,28510,28512,28514,28516,28518],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,28505,14499],{"class":80},[74,28507,249],{"class":106},[74,28509,21240],{"class":80},[74,28511,85],{"class":84},[74,28513,12904],{"class":80},[74,28515,114],{"class":106},[74,28517,28202],{"class":110},[74,28519,8299],{"class":106},[60,28521,357],{"id":356},[20,28523,28524],{},"Here is a basic example showing what gets removed and what remains in the dictionary:",[65,28526,28528],{"className":67,"code":28527,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"scores = {\"Tom\": 80, \"Ana\": 95, \"Leo\": 88}\n\nremoved_pair = scores.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_pair)\nprint(\"After removal:\", scores)\n",[15,28529,28530,28578,28582,28597,28601,28621],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,28531,28532,28534,28536,28538,28540,28543,28545,28547,28549,28551,28553,28555,28557,28559,28562,28564,28566,28569,28571,28573,28576],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,28533,4715],{"class":80},[74,28535,85],{"class":84},[74,28537,10148],{"class":106},[74,28539,122],{"class":88},[74,28541,28542],{"class":92},"Tom",[74,28544,122],{"class":88},[74,28546,679],{"class":106},[74,28548,4727],{"class":167},[74,28550,249],{"class":106},[74,28552,89],{"class":88},[74,28554,12539],{"class":92},[74,28556,122],{"class":88},[74,28558,679],{"class":106},[74,28560,28561],{"class":167}," 95",[74,28563,249],{"class":106},[74,28565,89],{"class":88},[74,28567,28568],{"class":92},"Leo",[74,28570,122],{"class":88},[74,28572,679],{"class":106},[74,28574,28575],{"class":167}," 88",[74,28577,8965],{"class":106},[74,28579,28580],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,28581,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,28583,28584,28587,28589,28591,28593,28595],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,28585,28586],{"class":80},"removed_pair ",[74,28588,85],{"class":84},[74,28590,4762],{"class":80},[74,28592,114],{"class":106},[74,28594,28202],{"class":110},[74,28596,8299],{"class":106},[74,28598,28599],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,28600,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,28602,28603,28605,28607,28609,28612,28614,28616,28619],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,28604,103],{"class":102},[74,28606,107],{"class":106},[74,28608,122],{"class":88},[74,28610,28611],{"class":92},"Removed:",[74,28613,122],{"class":88},[74,28615,249],{"class":106},[74,28617,28618],{"class":110}," removed_pair",[74,28620,260],{"class":106},[74,28622,28623,28625,28627,28629,28632,28634,28636,28638],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,28624,103],{"class":102},[74,28626,107],{"class":106},[74,28628,122],{"class":88},[74,28630,28631],{"class":92},"After removal:",[74,28633,122],{"class":88},[74,28635,249],{"class":106},[74,28637,4762],{"class":110},[74,28639,260],{"class":106},[20,28641,28642],{},[332,28643,157],{},[65,28645,28647],{"className":67,"code":28646,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"Removed: ('Leo', 88)\nAfter removal: {'Tom': 80, 'Ana': 95}\n",[15,28648,28649,28670],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,28650,28651,28654,28656,28658,28660,28662,28664,28666,28668],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,28652,28653],{"class":80},"Removed",[74,28655,679],{"class":106},[74,28657,8892],{"class":106},[74,28659,2946],{"class":88},[74,28661,28568],{"class":92},[74,28663,2946],{"class":88},[74,28665,249],{"class":106},[74,28667,28575],{"class":167},[74,28669,260],{"class":106},[74,28671,28672,28675,28677,28679,28681,28683,28685,28687,28689,28691,28693,28695,28697,28699,28701],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,28673,28674],{"class":80},"After removal",[74,28676,679],{"class":106},[74,28678,10148],{"class":106},[74,28680,2946],{"class":88},[74,28682,28542],{"class":92},[74,28684,2946],{"class":88},[74,28686,679],{"class":106},[74,28688,4727],{"class":167},[74,28690,249],{"class":106},[74,28692,2941],{"class":88},[74,28694,12539],{"class":92},[74,28696,2946],{"class":88},[74,28698,679],{"class":106},[74,28700,28561],{"class":167},[74,28702,8965],{"class":106},[20,28704,28705,28706,28709],{},"The last inserted item was ",[15,28707,28708],{},"\"Leo\": 88",", so that is the pair that gets removed.",[60,28711,28713],{"id":28712},"using-tuple-unpacking","Using tuple unpacking",[20,28715,28716,28717,28719],{},"Because ",[15,28718,12428],{}," returns a tuple, tuple unpacking is often the easiest way to use it.",[65,28721,28723],{"className":67,"code":28722,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"book = {\"title\": \"Python Basics\", \"pages\": 200}\n\nkey, value = book.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Key:\", key)\nprint(\"Value:\", value)\nprint(\"Dictionary:\", book)\n",[15,28724,28725,28761,28765,28784,28788,28807,28826],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,28726,28727,28729,28731,28733,28735,28737,28739,28741,28743,28745,28747,28749,28751,28753,28755,28757,28759],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,28728,15105],{"class":80},[74,28730,85],{"class":84},[74,28732,10148],{"class":106},[74,28734,122],{"class":88},[74,28736,15116],{"class":92},[74,28738,122],{"class":88},[74,28740,679],{"class":106},[74,28742,89],{"class":88},[74,28744,15125],{"class":92},[74,28746,122],{"class":88},[74,28748,249],{"class":106},[74,28750,89],{"class":88},[74,28752,15136],{"class":92},[74,28754,122],{"class":88},[74,28756,679],{"class":106},[74,28758,26561],{"class":167},[74,28760,8965],{"class":106},[74,28762,28763],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,28764,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,28766,28767,28769,28771,28773,28775,28778,28780,28782],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,28768,14499],{"class":80},[74,28770,249],{"class":106},[74,28772,21240],{"class":80},[74,28774,85],{"class":84},[74,28776,28777],{"class":80}," book",[74,28779,114],{"class":106},[74,28781,28202],{"class":110},[74,28783,8299],{"class":106},[74,28785,28786],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,28787,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,28789,28790,28792,28794,28796,28799,28801,28803,28805],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,28791,103],{"class":102},[74,28793,107],{"class":106},[74,28795,122],{"class":88},[74,28797,28798],{"class":92},"Key:",[74,28800,122],{"class":88},[74,28802,249],{"class":106},[74,28804,21235],{"class":110},[74,28806,260],{"class":106},[74,28808,28809,28811,28813,28815,28818,28820,28822,28824],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,28810,103],{"class":102},[74,28812,107],{"class":106},[74,28814,122],{"class":88},[74,28816,28817],{"class":92},"Value:",[74,28819,122],{"class":88},[74,28821,249],{"class":106},[74,28823,8091],{"class":110},[74,28825,260],{"class":106},[74,28827,28828,28830,28832,28834,28837,28839,28841,28843],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,28829,103],{"class":102},[74,28831,107],{"class":106},[74,28833,122],{"class":88},[74,28835,28836],{"class":92},"Dictionary:",[74,28838,122],{"class":88},[74,28840,249],{"class":106},[74,28842,28777],{"class":110},[74,28844,260],{"class":106},[20,28846,28847],{},[332,28848,157],{},[65,28850,28852],{"className":67,"code":28851,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"Key: pages\nValue: 200\nDictionary: {'title': 'Python Basics'}\n",[15,28853,28854,28864,28874],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,28855,28856,28859,28861],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,28857,28858],{"class":80},"Key",[74,28860,679],{"class":106},[74,28862,28863],{"class":80}," pages\n",[74,28865,28866,28869,28871],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,28867,28868],{"class":80},"Value",[74,28870,679],{"class":106},[74,28872,28873],{"class":167}," 200\n",[74,28875,28876,28879,28881,28883,28885,28887,28889,28891,28893,28895,28897],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,28877,28878],{"class":80},"Dictionary",[74,28880,679],{"class":106},[74,28882,10148],{"class":106},[74,28884,2946],{"class":88},[74,28886,15116],{"class":92},[74,28888,2946],{"class":88},[74,28890,679],{"class":106},[74,28892,2941],{"class":88},[74,28894,15125],{"class":92},[74,28896,2946],{"class":88},[74,28898,8965],{"class":106},[20,28900,28901],{},"This is useful when you want to process removed items one at a time.",[60,28903,28905],{"id":28904},"order-behavior","Order behavior",[20,28907,28908,28909,28133,28911,114],{},"In current Python versions, ",[15,28910,12428],{},[332,28912,28136],{},[20,28914,506],{},[65,28916,28918],{"className":67,"code":28917,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2, \"z\": 3}\nprint(data.popitem())\n",[15,28919,28920,28964],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,28921,28922,28924,28926,28928,28930,28932,28934,28936,28938,28940,28942,28944,28946,28948,28950,28952,28954,28956,28958,28960,28962],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,28923,8821],{"class":80},[74,28925,85],{"class":84},[74,28927,10148],{"class":106},[74,28929,122],{"class":88},[74,28931,1816],{"class":92},[74,28933,122],{"class":88},[74,28935,679],{"class":106},[74,28937,5148],{"class":167},[74,28939,249],{"class":106},[74,28941,89],{"class":88},[74,28943,11403],{"class":92},[74,28945,122],{"class":88},[74,28947,679],{"class":106},[74,28949,620],{"class":167},[74,28951,249],{"class":106},[74,28953,89],{"class":88},[74,28955,21733],{"class":92},[74,28957,122],{"class":88},[74,28959,679],{"class":106},[74,28961,2094],{"class":167},[74,28963,8965],{"class":106},[74,28965,28966,28968,28970,28972,28974,28976],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,28967,103],{"class":102},[74,28969,107],{"class":106},[74,28971,8860],{"class":110},[74,28973,114],{"class":106},[74,28975,28202],{"class":110},[74,28977,6848],{"class":106},[20,28979,28980],{},[332,28981,157],{},[65,28983,28985],{"className":67,"code":28984,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"('z', 3)\n",[15,28986,28987],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,28988,28989,28991,28993,28995,28997,28999,29001],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,28990,107],{"class":106},[74,28992,2946],{"class":88},[74,28994,21733],{"class":92},[74,28996,2946],{"class":88},[74,28998,249],{"class":106},[74,29000,2094],{"class":167},[74,29002,260],{"class":106},[20,29004,29005],{},"This matters because dictionaries keep insertion order in modern Python.",[20,29007,29008,29009,29011,29012,29014],{},"As a beginner, do ",[332,29010,334],{}," think of ",[15,29013,12428],{}," as removing a random item. In current Python, it removes the most recently added one.",[20,29016,29017,29018,220,29022,16730,29026,114],{},"If you want to inspect dictionary contents without removing anything, see ",[125,29019,29020],{"href":16733},[15,29021,16736],{},[125,29023,29024],{"href":16720},[15,29025,16723],{},[125,29027,29028],{"href":16726},[15,29029,16729],{},[60,29031,29033,29034,51,29036],{"id":29032},"difference-between-popitem-and-pop","Difference between ",[15,29035,12428],{},[15,29037,12421],{},[20,29039,29040,51,29042,29044],{},[15,29041,12428],{},[15,29043,12421],{}," both remove data from a dictionary, but they work differently.",[262,29046,29047],{"id":28202},[15,29048,12428],{},[30,29050,29051,29054,29057],{},[33,29052,29053],{},"removes the last inserted item automatically",[33,29055,29056],{},"does not need a key argument",[33,29058,3342,29059],{},[15,29060,21311],{},[262,29062,29063],{"id":25895},[15,29064,12421],{},[30,29066,29067,29070,29073],{},[33,29068,29069],{},"removes the item for a specific key",[33,29071,29072],{},"needs the key name",[33,29074,29075],{},"returns only the value",[20,29077,506],{},[65,29079,29081],{"className":67,"code":29080,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nitem = data.popitem()\nprint(\"popitem():\", item)\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"a\")\nprint(\"pop('a'):\", value)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,29082,29083,29127,29131,29145,29165,29169,29191,29210,29214],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,29084,29085,29087,29089,29091,29093,29095,29097,29099,29101,29103,29105,29107,29109,29111,29113,29115,29117,29119,29121,29123,29125],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,29086,8821],{"class":80},[74,29088,85],{"class":84},[74,29090,10148],{"class":106},[74,29092,122],{"class":88},[74,29094,125],{"class":92},[74,29096,122],{"class":88},[74,29098,679],{"class":106},[74,29100,5148],{"class":167},[74,29102,249],{"class":106},[74,29104,89],{"class":88},[74,29106,4412],{"class":92},[74,29108,122],{"class":88},[74,29110,679],{"class":106},[74,29112,620],{"class":167},[74,29114,249],{"class":106},[74,29116,89],{"class":88},[74,29118,9396],{"class":92},[74,29120,122],{"class":88},[74,29122,679],{"class":106},[74,29124,2094],{"class":167},[74,29126,8965],{"class":106},[74,29128,29129],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,29130,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,29132,29133,29135,29137,29139,29141,29143],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,29134,28193],{"class":80},[74,29136,85],{"class":84},[74,29138,14224],{"class":80},[74,29140,114],{"class":106},[74,29142,28202],{"class":110},[74,29144,8299],{"class":106},[74,29146,29147,29149,29151,29153,29156,29158,29160,29163],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,29148,103],{"class":102},[74,29150,107],{"class":106},[74,29152,122],{"class":88},[74,29154,29155],{"class":92},"popitem():",[74,29157,122],{"class":88},[74,29159,249],{"class":106},[74,29161,29162],{"class":110}," item",[74,29164,260],{"class":106},[74,29166,29167],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,29168,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,29170,29171,29173,29175,29177,29179,29181,29183,29185,29187,29189],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,29172,2089],{"class":80},[74,29174,85],{"class":84},[74,29176,14224],{"class":80},[74,29178,114],{"class":106},[74,29180,25895],{"class":110},[74,29182,107],{"class":106},[74,29184,122],{"class":88},[74,29186,125],{"class":92},[74,29188,122],{"class":88},[74,29190,260],{"class":106},[74,29192,29193,29195,29197,29199,29202,29204,29206,29208],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,29194,103],{"class":102},[74,29196,107],{"class":106},[74,29198,122],{"class":88},[74,29200,29201],{"class":92},"pop('a'):",[74,29203,122],{"class":88},[74,29205,249],{"class":106},[74,29207,8091],{"class":110},[74,29209,260],{"class":106},[74,29211,29212],{"class":76,"line":6079},[74,29213,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,29215,29216,29218,29220,29222],{"class":76,"line":6085},[74,29217,103],{"class":102},[74,29219,107],{"class":106},[74,29221,8860],{"class":110},[74,29223,260],{"class":106},[20,29225,29226],{},[332,29227,157],{},[65,29229,29231],{"className":67,"code":29230,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"popitem(): ('c', 3)\npop('a'): 1\n{'b': 2}\n",[15,29232,29233,29254,29271],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,29234,29235,29237,29240,29242,29244,29246,29248,29250,29252],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,29236,28202],{"class":110},[74,29238,29239],{"class":106},"():",[74,29241,8892],{"class":106},[74,29243,2946],{"class":88},[74,29245,9396],{"class":92},[74,29247,2946],{"class":88},[74,29249,249],{"class":106},[74,29251,2094],{"class":167},[74,29253,260],{"class":106},[74,29255,29256,29258,29260,29262,29264,29266,29268],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,29257,25895],{"class":110},[74,29259,107],{"class":106},[74,29261,2946],{"class":88},[74,29263,125],{"class":92},[74,29265,2946],{"class":88},[74,29267,16110],{"class":106},[74,29269,29270],{"class":167}," 1\n",[74,29272,29273,29275,29277,29279,29281,29283,29285],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,29274,8934],{"class":106},[74,29276,2946],{"class":88},[74,29278,4412],{"class":92},[74,29280,2946],{"class":88},[74,29282,679],{"class":106},[74,29284,620],{"class":167},[74,29286,8965],{"class":106},[20,29288,176,29289,29293],{},[125,29290,29291],{"href":12225},[15,29292,12421],{}," when you know the key.",[20,29295,176,29296,29298],{},[15,29297,12428],{}," when you want to remove one item without naming the key.",[60,29300,29302],{"id":29301},"what-happens-if-the-dictionary-is-empty","What happens if the dictionary is empty",[20,29304,29305,29306,29308],{},"Calling ",[15,29307,12428],{}," on an empty dictionary raises an error:",[65,29310,29312],{"className":67,"code":29311,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"data = {}\ndata.popitem()\n",[15,29313,29314,29322],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,29315,29316,29318,29320],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,29317,8821],{"class":80},[74,29319,85],{"class":84},[74,29321,9495],{"class":106},[74,29323,29324,29326,29328,29330],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,29325,8860],{"class":80},[74,29327,114],{"class":106},[74,29329,28202],{"class":110},[74,29331,8299],{"class":106},[20,29333,29334],{},[332,29335,29336],{},"Error:",[65,29338,29340],{"className":67,"code":29339,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"KeyError: 'popitem(): dictionary is empty'\n",[15,29341,29342],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,29343,29344,29346,29348,29350,29353],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,29345,19342],{"class":1345},[74,29347,679],{"class":106},[74,29349,2941],{"class":88},[74,29351,29352],{"class":92},"popitem(): dictionary is empty",[74,29354,29355],{"class":88},"'\n",[262,29357,29359],{"id":29358},"fix-1-check-that-the-dictionary-is-not-empty","Fix 1: Check that the dictionary is not empty",[65,29361,29363],{"className":67,"code":29362,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"data = {}\n\nif data:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nelse:\n    print(\"Dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,29364,29365,29373,29377,29385,29400,29410,29416],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,29366,29367,29369,29371],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,29368,8821],{"class":80},[74,29370,85],{"class":84},[74,29372,9495],{"class":106},[74,29374,29375],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,29376,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,29378,29379,29381,29383],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,29380,6651],{"class":3529},[74,29382,14224],{"class":80},[74,29384,6046],{"class":106},[74,29386,29387,29390,29392,29394,29396,29398],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,29388,29389],{"class":80},"    item ",[74,29391,85],{"class":84},[74,29393,14224],{"class":80},[74,29395,114],{"class":106},[74,29397,28202],{"class":110},[74,29399,8299],{"class":106},[74,29401,29402,29404,29406,29408],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,29403,7726],{"class":102},[74,29405,107],{"class":106},[74,29407,22966],{"class":110},[74,29409,260],{"class":106},[74,29411,29412,29414],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,29413,27088],{"class":3529},[74,29415,6046],{"class":106},[74,29417,29418,29420,29422,29424,29427,29429],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,29419,7726],{"class":102},[74,29421,107],{"class":106},[74,29423,122],{"class":88},[74,29425,29426],{"class":92},"Dictionary is empty",[74,29428,122],{"class":88},[74,29430,260],{"class":106},[262,29432,29434,29435],{"id":29433},"fix-2-use-try-except","Fix 2: Use ",[15,29436,29437],{},"try-except",[65,29439,29441],{"className":67,"code":29440,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"data = {}\n\ntry:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary\")\n",[15,29442,29443,29451,29455,29462,29476,29486,29496],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,29444,29445,29447,29449],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,29446,8821],{"class":80},[74,29448,85],{"class":84},[74,29450,9495],{"class":106},[74,29452,29453],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,29454,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,29456,29457,29460],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,29458,29459],{"class":3529},"try",[74,29461,6046],{"class":106},[74,29463,29464,29466,29468,29470,29472,29474],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,29465,29389],{"class":80},[74,29467,85],{"class":84},[74,29469,14224],{"class":80},[74,29471,114],{"class":106},[74,29473,28202],{"class":110},[74,29475,8299],{"class":106},[74,29477,29478,29480,29482,29484],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,29479,7726],{"class":102},[74,29481,107],{"class":106},[74,29483,22966],{"class":110},[74,29485,260],{"class":106},[74,29487,29488,29491,29494],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,29489,29490],{"class":3529},"except",[74,29492,29493],{"class":1345}," KeyError",[74,29495,6046],{"class":106},[74,29497,29498,29500,29502,29504,29507,29509],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,29499,7726],{"class":102},[74,29501,107],{"class":106},[74,29503,122],{"class":88},[74,29505,29506],{"class":92},"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary",[74,29508,122],{"class":88},[74,29510,260],{"class":106},[20,29512,29513,29514,114],{},"If you are troubleshooting this error, see ",[125,29515,25336,29517],{"href":29516},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-popitem-dictionary-is-empty-fix\u002F",[15,29518,29519],{},"KeyError: popitem(): dictionary is empty",[60,29521,1260,29523],{"id":29522},"when-to-use-popitem",[15,29524,12428],{},[20,29526,29527,29529],{},[15,29528,12428],{}," is useful when:",[30,29531,29532,29535,29538],{},[33,29533,29534],{},"you want to remove and get one item at the same time",[33,29536,29537],{},"you are processing items until a dictionary becomes empty",[33,29539,29540],{},"dictionary order matters in your program",[20,29542,29543],{},"Example of processing items until the dictionary is empty:",[65,29545,29547],{"className":67,"code":29546,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"tasks = {\n    \"first\": \"wash dishes\",\n    \"second\": \"do homework\",\n    \"third\": \"read book\"\n}\n\nwhile tasks:\n    key, value = tasks.popitem()\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,29548,29549,29558,29578,29598,29616,29620,29624,29634,29653],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,29550,29551,29554,29556],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,29552,29553],{"class":80},"tasks ",[74,29555,85],{"class":84},[74,29557,11150],{"class":106},[74,29559,29560,29562,29565,29567,29569,29571,29574,29576],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,29561,11155],{"class":88},[74,29563,29564],{"class":92},"first",[74,29566,122],{"class":88},[74,29568,679],{"class":106},[74,29570,89],{"class":88},[74,29572,29573],{"class":92},"wash dishes",[74,29575,122],{"class":88},[74,29577,11171],{"class":106},[74,29579,29580,29582,29585,29587,29589,29591,29594,29596],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,29581,11155],{"class":88},[74,29583,29584],{"class":92},"second",[74,29586,122],{"class":88},[74,29588,679],{"class":106},[74,29590,89],{"class":88},[74,29592,29593],{"class":92},"do homework",[74,29595,122],{"class":88},[74,29597,11171],{"class":106},[74,29599,29600,29602,29605,29607,29609,29611,29614],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,29601,11155],{"class":88},[74,29603,29604],{"class":92},"third",[74,29606,122],{"class":88},[74,29608,679],{"class":106},[74,29610,89],{"class":88},[74,29612,29613],{"class":92},"read book",[74,29615,96],{"class":88},[74,29617,29618],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,29619,8965],{"class":106},[74,29621,29622],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,29623,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,29625,29626,29629,29632],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,29627,29628],{"class":3529},"while",[74,29630,29631],{"class":80}," tasks",[74,29633,6046],{"class":106},[74,29635,29636,29639,29641,29643,29645,29647,29649,29651],{"class":76,"line":6079},[74,29637,29638],{"class":80},"    key",[74,29640,249],{"class":106},[74,29642,21240],{"class":80},[74,29644,85],{"class":84},[74,29646,29631],{"class":80},[74,29648,114],{"class":106},[74,29650,28202],{"class":110},[74,29652,8299],{"class":106},[74,29654,29655,29657,29659,29661,29663,29665,29667,29669,29671,29673,29675,29677,29679],{"class":76,"line":6085},[74,29656,7726],{"class":102},[74,29658,107],{"class":106},[74,29660,21950],{"class":1711},[74,29662,122],{"class":92},[74,29664,8934],{"class":167},[74,29666,14499],{"class":110},[74,29668,21959],{"class":167},[74,29670,21962],{"class":92},[74,29672,8934],{"class":167},[74,29674,246],{"class":110},[74,29676,21959],{"class":167},[74,29678,122],{"class":92},[74,29680,260],{"class":106},[20,29682,29683],{},[332,29684,29685],{},"Possible output:",[65,29687,29689],{"className":67,"code":29688,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"third: read book\nsecond: do homework\nfirst: wash dishes\n",[15,29690,29691,29700,29709],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,29692,29693,29695,29697],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,29694,29604],{"class":80},[74,29696,679],{"class":106},[74,29698,29699],{"class":80}," read book\n",[74,29701,29702,29704,29706],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,29703,29584],{"class":80},[74,29705,679],{"class":106},[74,29707,29708],{"class":80}," do homework\n",[74,29710,29711,29713,29715],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,29712,29564],{"class":80},[74,29714,679],{"class":106},[74,29716,29717],{"class":80}," wash dishes\n",[20,29719,28716,29720,29722],{},[15,29721,12428],{}," removes the last inserted item, this works like removing items from the end.",[60,29724,914],{"id":913},[20,29726,14391,29727,679],{},[15,29728,12428],{},[30,29730,29731,29745,29764,29775],{},[33,29732,29733,29738],{},[332,29734,29305,29735,29737],{},[15,29736,12428],{}," on an empty dictionary",[30,29739,29740],{},[33,29741,29742,29743,114],{},"This raises ",[15,29744,19342],{},[33,29746,29747,29752],{},[332,29748,923,29749,29751],{},[15,29750,12428],{}," to remove a specific key",[30,29753,29754,29757],{},[33,29755,29756],{},"It does not let you choose the key.",[33,29758,176,29759,29763],{},[125,29760,29761],{"href":12225},[15,29762,12421],{}," if you need that.",[33,29765,29766,29770],{},[332,29767,4355,29768,27354],{},[15,29769,12428],{},[30,29771,29772],{},[33,29773,29774],{},"The removed item is gone after the call.",[33,29776,29777,29780],{},[332,29778,29779],{},"Assuming the return value is only the value",[30,29781,29782],{},[33,29783,29784,21631,29786,29788],{},[15,29785,12428],{},[15,29787,21311],{}," tuple.",[20,29790,29791],{},"Helpful debugging checks:",[65,29793,29795],{"className":67,"code":29794,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(my_dict)\nprint(len(my_dict))\n\nitem = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(item)\n",[15,29796,29797,29807,29821,29825,29839],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,29798,29799,29801,29803,29805],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,29800,103],{"class":102},[74,29802,107],{"class":106},[74,29804,11108],{"class":110},[74,29806,260],{"class":106},[74,29808,29809,29811,29813,29815,29817,29819],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,29810,103],{"class":102},[74,29812,107],{"class":106},[74,29814,10820],{"class":102},[74,29816,107],{"class":106},[74,29818,11108],{"class":110},[74,29820,130],{"class":106},[74,29822,29823],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,29824,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,29826,29827,29829,29831,29833,29835,29837],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,29828,28193],{"class":80},[74,29830,85],{"class":84},[74,29832,11424],{"class":80},[74,29834,114],{"class":106},[74,29836,28202],{"class":110},[74,29838,8299],{"class":106},[74,29840,29841,29843,29845,29847],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,29842,103],{"class":102},[74,29844,107],{"class":106},[74,29846,22966],{"class":110},[74,29848,260],{"class":106},[20,29850,29851],{},"Or with unpacking:",[65,29853,29855],{"className":67,"code":29854,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"key, value = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(key)\nprint(value)\n",[15,29856,29857,29875,29885],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,29858,29859,29861,29863,29865,29867,29869,29871,29873],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,29860,14499],{"class":80},[74,29862,249],{"class":106},[74,29864,21240],{"class":80},[74,29866,85],{"class":84},[74,29868,11424],{"class":80},[74,29870,114],{"class":106},[74,29872,28202],{"class":110},[74,29874,8299],{"class":106},[74,29876,29877,29879,29881,29883],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,29878,103],{"class":102},[74,29880,107],{"class":106},[74,29882,14499],{"class":110},[74,29884,260],{"class":106},[74,29886,29887,29889,29891,29893],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,29888,103],{"class":102},[74,29890,107],{"class":106},[74,29892,246],{"class":110},[74,29894,260],{"class":106},[60,29896,1471],{"id":1470},[262,29898,1495,29900,4796],{"id":29899},"what-does-popitem-return-in-python",[15,29901,12428],{},[20,29903,29904,29905,114],{},"It returns the removed key-value pair as a tuple, such as ",[15,29906,29907],{},"('name', 'Alice')",[262,29909,1517,29911,29913],{"id":29910},"does-popitem-remove-the-last-item",[15,29912,12428],{}," remove the last item?",[20,29915,29916],{},"Yes. In modern Python, it removes the last inserted key-value pair.",[262,29918,29920,29921,29923],{"id":29919},"can-i-choose-which-key-popitem-removes","Can I choose which key ",[15,29922,12428],{}," removes?",[20,29925,29926,29927,29931],{},"No. Use ",[125,29928,29929],{"href":12225},[15,29930,12421],{}," if you want to remove a specific key.",[262,29933,1517,29935,14554],{"id":29934},"does-popitem-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,29936,12428],{},[20,29938,29939],{},"Yes. The item is removed from the dictionary.",[262,29941,29943,29944,29946],{"id":29942},"what-error-does-popitem-raise-on-an-empty-dictionary","What error does ",[15,29945,12428],{}," raise on an empty dictionary?",[20,29948,29949,29950,29952,29953,114],{},"It raises ",[15,29951,19342],{}," with the message ",[15,29954,29352],{},[60,29956,1527],{"id":1526},[30,29958,29959,29966,29972,29978,29984,29991,29995,29999],{},[33,29960,29961],{},[125,29962,29963,29965],{"href":12225},[15,29964,12421],{}," method for dictionaries",[33,29967,29968],{},[125,29969,29970,29965],{"href":16733},[15,29971,16736],{},[33,29973,29974],{},[125,29975,29976,29965],{"href":16720},[15,29977,16723],{},[33,29979,29980],{},[125,29981,29982,29965],{"href":16726},[15,29983,16729],{},[33,29985,29986],{},[125,29987,29989,29965],{"href":29988},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method\u002F",[15,29990,10980],{},[33,29992,29993],{},[125,29994,12445],{"href":12232},[33,29996,29997],{},[125,29998,21113],{"href":16255},[33,30000,30001],{},[125,30002,30003,30004],{"href":29516},"Fix ",[15,30005,29519],{},[1566,30007,30008],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":70,"searchDepth":99,"depth":99,"links":30010},[30011,30012,30014,30015,30016,30017,30018,30019,30024,30029,30031,30032,30044],{"id":62,"depth":99,"text":63},{"id":28289,"depth":99,"text":30013},"What popitem() does",{"id":226,"depth":99,"text":227},{"id":28359,"depth":99,"text":28360},{"id":356,"depth":99,"text":357},{"id":28712,"depth":99,"text":28713},{"id":28904,"depth":99,"text":28905},{"id":29032,"depth":99,"text":30020,"children":30021},"Difference between popitem() and pop()",[30022,30023],{"id":28202,"depth":133,"text":12428},{"id":25895,"depth":133,"text":12421},{"id":29301,"depth":99,"text":29302,"children":30025},[30026,30027],{"id":29358,"depth":133,"text":29359},{"id":29433,"depth":133,"text":30028},"Fix 2: Use try-except",{"id":29522,"depth":99,"text":30030},"When to use popitem()",{"id":913,"depth":99,"text":914},{"id":1470,"depth":99,"text":1471,"children":30033},[30034,30036,30038,30040,30042],{"id":29899,"depth":133,"text":30035},"What does popitem() return in Python?",{"id":29910,"depth":133,"text":30037},"Does popitem() remove the last item?",{"id":29919,"depth":133,"text":30039},"Can I choose which key popitem() removes?",{"id":29934,"depth":133,"text":30041},"Does popitem() change the original dictionary?",{"id":29942,"depth":133,"text":30043},"What error does popitem() raise on an empty dictionary?",{"id":1526,"depth":99,"text":1527},"Master python dictionary popitem method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method",{"title":28028,"description":30045},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method","d7cKBI9V3R325yBRPJbIvubWICPrhq9HWsLXK3gZqNw",{"id":30052,"title":30053,"body":30054,"description":31957,"extension":1610,"meta":31958,"navigation":407,"path":13690,"seo":31959,"stem":31960,"__hash__":31961},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method.md","Python Dictionary update() Method",{"type":7,"value":30055,"toc":31929},[30056,30061,30066,30069,30071,30168,30173,30178,30183,30186,30194,30197,30212,30214,30314,30316,30373,30377,30379,30382,30402,30407,30418,30421,30448,30451,30453,30510,30512,30533,30539,30544,30547,30558,30560,30668,30670,30723,30725,30737,30744,30750,30755,30758,30846,30848,30893,30896,30904,30907,30910,30979,30982,30985,30989,30992,31063,31065,31118,31121,31124,31127,31142,31145,31157,31160,31223,31225,31231,31233,31235,31314,31316,31357,31359,31424,31426,31463,31468,31473,31477,31491,31494,31617,31619,31704,31709,31711,31715,31737,31740,31820,31823,31842,31847,31849,31855,31860,31866,31869,31875,31878,31884,31889,31895,31901,31903,31926],[10,30057,10977,30059,18],{"id":30058},"python-dictionary-update-method",[15,30060,14611],{},[20,30062,1627,30063,30065],{},[15,30064,14611],{}," method changes a dictionary by adding new key-value pairs or replacing existing values.",[20,30067,30068],{},"Use it when you want to modify an existing dictionary instead of creating a new one.",[60,30070,63],{"id":62},[65,30072,30074],{"className":67,"code":30073,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nperson.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,30075,30076,30112,30153,30163],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,30077,30078,30080,30082,30084,30086,30088,30090,30092,30094,30096,30098,30100,30102,30104,30106,30108,30110],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,30079,12861],{"class":80},[74,30081,85],{"class":84},[74,30083,10148],{"class":106},[74,30085,122],{"class":88},[74,30087,7323],{"class":92},[74,30089,122],{"class":88},[74,30091,679],{"class":106},[74,30093,89],{"class":88},[74,30095,12539],{"class":92},[74,30097,122],{"class":88},[74,30099,249],{"class":106},[74,30101,89],{"class":88},[74,30103,8955],{"class":92},[74,30105,122],{"class":88},[74,30107,679],{"class":106},[74,30109,7446],{"class":167},[74,30111,8965],{"class":106},[74,30113,30114,30116,30118,30121,30123,30125,30127,30129,30131,30134,30136,30138,30140,30142,30144,30146,30148,30150],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,30115,16965],{"class":80},[74,30117,114],{"class":106},[74,30119,30120],{"class":110},"update",[74,30122,5180],{"class":106},[74,30124,122],{"class":88},[74,30126,8955],{"class":92},[74,30128,122],{"class":88},[74,30130,679],{"class":106},[74,30132,30133],{"class":167}," 21",[74,30135,249],{"class":106},[74,30137,89],{"class":88},[74,30139,10066],{"class":92},[74,30141,122],{"class":88},[74,30143,679],{"class":106},[74,30145,89],{"class":88},[74,30147,15689],{"class":92},[74,30149,122],{"class":88},[74,30151,30152],{"class":106},"})\n",[74,30154,30155,30157,30159,30161],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,30156,103],{"class":102},[74,30158,107],{"class":106},[74,30160,16965],{"class":110},[74,30162,260],{"class":106},[74,30164,30165],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,30166,30167],{"class":3314},"# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[20,30169,176,30170,30172],{},[15,30171,14611],{}," to add new keys or overwrite existing keys from another dictionary or iterable of key-value pairs.",[60,30174,3328,30176,38],{"id":30175},"what-update-does",[15,30177,14611],{},[20,30179,30180,30182],{},[15,30181,14611],{}," modifies the original dictionary in place.",[20,30184,30185],{},"It can do two main things:",[30,30187,30188,30191],{},[33,30189,30190],{},"Add new key-value pairs",[33,30192,30193],{},"Replace values for keys that already exist",[20,30195,30196],{},"Important things to know:",[30,30198,30199,30202,30205,30209],{},[33,30200,30201],{},"It changes the dictionary directly",[33,30203,30204],{},"It does not sort the dictionary",[33,30206,1501,30207],{},[15,30208,3429],{},[33,30210,30211],{},"You should not assign its result to a new variable",[20,30213,506],{},[65,30215,30217],{"className":67,"code":30216,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"student = {\"name\": \"Mira\", \"grade\": \"B\"}\nstudent.update({\"grade\": \"A\", \"city\": \"Quito\"})\nprint(student)\n",[15,30218,30219,30261,30304],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,30220,30221,30223,30225,30227,30229,30231,30233,30235,30237,30240,30242,30244,30246,30248,30250,30252,30254,30257,30259],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,30222,12522],{"class":80},[74,30224,85],{"class":84},[74,30226,10148],{"class":106},[74,30228,122],{"class":88},[74,30230,7323],{"class":92},[74,30232,122],{"class":88},[74,30234,679],{"class":106},[74,30236,89],{"class":88},[74,30238,30239],{"class":92},"Mira",[74,30241,122],{"class":88},[74,30243,249],{"class":106},[74,30245,89],{"class":88},[74,30247,19546],{"class":92},[74,30249,122],{"class":88},[74,30251,679],{"class":106},[74,30253,89],{"class":88},[74,30255,30256],{"class":92},"B",[74,30258,122],{"class":88},[74,30260,8965],{"class":106},[74,30262,30263,30265,30267,30269,30271,30273,30275,30277,30279,30281,30283,30285,30287,30289,30291,30293,30295,30297,30300,30302],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,30264,13283],{"class":80},[74,30266,114],{"class":106},[74,30268,30120],{"class":110},[74,30270,5180],{"class":106},[74,30272,122],{"class":88},[74,30274,19546],{"class":92},[74,30276,122],{"class":88},[74,30278,679],{"class":106},[74,30280,89],{"class":88},[74,30282,21901],{"class":92},[74,30284,122],{"class":88},[74,30286,249],{"class":106},[74,30288,89],{"class":88},[74,30290,10066],{"class":92},[74,30292,122],{"class":88},[74,30294,679],{"class":106},[74,30296,89],{"class":88},[74,30298,30299],{"class":92},"Quito",[74,30301,122],{"class":88},[74,30303,30152],{"class":106},[74,30305,30306,30308,30310,30312],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,30307,103],{"class":102},[74,30309,107],{"class":106},[74,30311,13283],{"class":110},[74,30313,260],{"class":106},[20,30315,157],{},[65,30317,30319],{"className":67,"code":30318,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"{'name': 'Mira', 'grade': 'A', 'city': 'Quito'}\n",[15,30320,30321],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,30322,30323,30325,30327,30329,30331,30333,30335,30337,30339,30341,30343,30345,30347,30349,30351,30353,30355,30357,30359,30361,30363,30365,30367,30369,30371],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,30324,8934],{"class":106},[74,30326,2946],{"class":88},[74,30328,7323],{"class":92},[74,30330,2946],{"class":88},[74,30332,679],{"class":106},[74,30334,2941],{"class":88},[74,30336,30239],{"class":92},[74,30338,2946],{"class":88},[74,30340,249],{"class":106},[74,30342,2941],{"class":88},[74,30344,19546],{"class":92},[74,30346,2946],{"class":88},[74,30348,679],{"class":106},[74,30350,2941],{"class":88},[74,30352,21901],{"class":92},[74,30354,2946],{"class":88},[74,30356,249],{"class":106},[74,30358,2941],{"class":88},[74,30360,10066],{"class":92},[74,30362,2946],{"class":88},[74,30364,679],{"class":106},[74,30366,2941],{"class":88},[74,30368,30299],{"class":92},[74,30370,2946],{"class":88},[74,30372,8965],{"class":106},[20,30374,8807,30375,114],{},[125,30376,24284],{"href":9047},[60,30378,227],{"id":226},[20,30380,30381],{},"The basic form is:",[65,30383,30385],{"className":67,"code":30384,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"dictionary.update(other)\n",[15,30386,30387],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,30388,30389,30391,30393,30395,30397,30400],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,30390,15262],{"class":80},[74,30392,114],{"class":106},[74,30394,30120],{"class":110},[74,30396,107],{"class":106},[74,30398,30399],{"class":110},"other",[74,30401,260],{"class":106},[20,30403,30404,30406],{},[15,30405,30399],{}," can be:",[30,30408,30409,30412,30415],{},[33,30410,30411],{},"Another dictionary",[33,30413,30414],{},"An iterable of key-value pairs",[33,30416,30417],{},"Keyword arguments",[20,30419,30420],{},"You can also use:",[65,30422,30424],{"className":67,"code":30423,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"dictionary.update(name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,30425,30426],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,30427,30428,30430,30432,30434,30436,30438,30440,30442,30444,30446],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,30429,15262],{"class":80},[74,30431,114],{"class":106},[74,30433,30120],{"class":110},[74,30435,107],{"class":106},[74,30437,7323],{"class":8831},[74,30439,85],{"class":84},[74,30441,122],{"class":88},[74,30443,7332],{"class":92},[74,30445,122],{"class":88},[74,30447,260],{"class":106},[20,30449,30450],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins.",[20,30452,506],{},[65,30454,30456],{"className":67,"code":30455,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"data = {\"a\": 1}\ndata.update({\"a\": 10})\nprint(data)\n",[15,30457,30458,30478,30500],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,30459,30460,30462,30464,30466,30468,30470,30472,30474,30476],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,30461,8821],{"class":80},[74,30463,85],{"class":84},[74,30465,10148],{"class":106},[74,30467,122],{"class":88},[74,30469,125],{"class":92},[74,30471,122],{"class":88},[74,30473,679],{"class":106},[74,30475,5148],{"class":167},[74,30477,8965],{"class":106},[74,30479,30480,30482,30484,30486,30488,30490,30492,30494,30496,30498],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,30481,8860],{"class":80},[74,30483,114],{"class":106},[74,30485,30120],{"class":110},[74,30487,5180],{"class":106},[74,30489,122],{"class":88},[74,30491,125],{"class":92},[74,30493,122],{"class":88},[74,30495,679],{"class":106},[74,30497,5656],{"class":167},[74,30499,30152],{"class":106},[74,30501,30502,30504,30506,30508],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,30503,103],{"class":102},[74,30505,107],{"class":106},[74,30507,8860],{"class":110},[74,30509,260],{"class":106},[20,30511,157],{},[65,30513,30515],{"className":67,"code":30514,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"{'a': 10}\n",[15,30516,30517],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,30518,30519,30521,30523,30525,30527,30529,30531],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,30520,8934],{"class":106},[74,30522,2946],{"class":88},[74,30524,125],{"class":92},[74,30526,2946],{"class":88},[74,30528,679],{"class":106},[74,30530,5656],{"class":167},[74,30532,8965],{"class":106},[60,30534,571,30536,30538],{"id":30535},"using-update-with-another-dictionary",[15,30537,14611],{}," with another dictionary",[20,30540,30541,30542,114],{},"This is the most common use of ",[15,30543,14611],{},[20,30545,30546],{},"It is useful when:",[30,30548,30549,30552,30555],{},[33,30550,30551],{},"Merging small dictionaries",[33,30553,30554],{},"Adding extra settings",[33,30556,30557],{},"Updating stored data",[20,30559,506],{},[65,30561,30563],{"className":67,"code":30562,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"settings = {\"theme\": \"light\", \"font_size\": 12}\nnew_settings = {\"font_size\": 14, \"language\": \"en\"}\n\nsettings.update(new_settings)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,30564,30565,30602,30639,30643,30658],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,30566,30567,30569,30571,30573,30575,30577,30579,30581,30583,30585,30587,30589,30591,30593,30595,30597,30600],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,30568,13483],{"class":80},[74,30570,85],{"class":84},[74,30572,10148],{"class":106},[74,30574,122],{"class":88},[74,30576,12153],{"class":92},[74,30578,122],{"class":88},[74,30580,679],{"class":106},[74,30582,89],{"class":88},[74,30584,20583],{"class":92},[74,30586,122],{"class":88},[74,30588,249],{"class":106},[74,30590,89],{"class":88},[74,30592,13508],{"class":92},[74,30594,122],{"class":88},[74,30596,679],{"class":106},[74,30598,30599],{"class":167}," 12",[74,30601,8965],{"class":106},[74,30603,30604,30607,30609,30611,30613,30615,30617,30619,30621,30623,30625,30627,30629,30631,30633,30635,30637],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,30605,30606],{"class":80},"new_settings ",[74,30608,85],{"class":84},[74,30610,10148],{"class":106},[74,30612,122],{"class":88},[74,30614,13508],{"class":92},[74,30616,122],{"class":88},[74,30618,679],{"class":106},[74,30620,13515],{"class":167},[74,30622,249],{"class":106},[74,30624,89],{"class":88},[74,30626,19778],{"class":92},[74,30628,122],{"class":88},[74,30630,679],{"class":106},[74,30632,89],{"class":88},[74,30634,19812],{"class":92},[74,30636,122],{"class":88},[74,30638,8965],{"class":106},[74,30640,30641],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,30642,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,30644,30645,30647,30649,30651,30653,30656],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,30646,13542],{"class":80},[74,30648,114],{"class":106},[74,30650,30120],{"class":110},[74,30652,107],{"class":106},[74,30654,30655],{"class":110},"new_settings",[74,30657,260],{"class":106},[74,30659,30660,30662,30664,30666],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,30661,103],{"class":102},[74,30663,107],{"class":106},[74,30665,13542],{"class":110},[74,30667,260],{"class":106},[20,30669,157],{},[65,30671,30673],{"className":67,"code":30672,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"{'theme': 'light', 'font_size': 14, 'language': 'en'}\n",[15,30674,30675],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,30676,30677,30679,30681,30683,30685,30687,30689,30691,30693,30695,30697,30699,30701,30703,30705,30707,30709,30711,30713,30715,30717,30719,30721],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,30678,8934],{"class":106},[74,30680,2946],{"class":88},[74,30682,12153],{"class":92},[74,30684,2946],{"class":88},[74,30686,679],{"class":106},[74,30688,2941],{"class":88},[74,30690,20583],{"class":92},[74,30692,2946],{"class":88},[74,30694,249],{"class":106},[74,30696,2941],{"class":88},[74,30698,13508],{"class":92},[74,30700,2946],{"class":88},[74,30702,679],{"class":106},[74,30704,13515],{"class":167},[74,30706,249],{"class":106},[74,30708,2941],{"class":88},[74,30710,19778],{"class":92},[74,30712,2946],{"class":88},[74,30714,679],{"class":106},[74,30716,2941],{"class":88},[74,30718,19812],{"class":92},[74,30720,2946],{"class":88},[74,30722,8965],{"class":106},[20,30724,13066],{},[30,30726,30727,30732],{},[33,30728,30729,30731],{},[15,30730,13508],{}," already existed, so its value was replaced",[33,30733,30734,30736],{},[15,30735,19778],{}," did not exist, so it was added",[20,30738,30739,30740,114],{},"If you want a task-focused guide, see ",[125,30741,30743],{"href":30742},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-merge-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","how to merge dictionaries in Python",[60,30745,571,30747,30749],{"id":30746},"using-update-with-key-value-pairs",[15,30748,14611],{}," with key-value pairs",[20,30751,30752,30754],{},[15,30753,14611],{}," also works with iterables that contain pairs.",[20,30756,30757],{},"For example, you can pass a list of tuples:",[65,30759,30761],{"className":67,"code":30760,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"scores = {\"math\": 90}\npairs = [(\"science\", 85), (\"english\", 88)]\n\nscores.update(pairs)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,30762,30763,30783,30818,30822,30836],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,30764,30765,30767,30769,30771,30773,30775,30777,30779,30781],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,30766,4715],{"class":80},[74,30768,85],{"class":84},[74,30770,10148],{"class":106},[74,30772,122],{"class":88},[74,30774,18071],{"class":92},[74,30776,122],{"class":88},[74,30778,679],{"class":106},[74,30780,19553],{"class":167},[74,30782,8965],{"class":106},[74,30784,30785,30787,30789,30791,30793,30795,30797,30799,30801,30803,30805,30807,30810,30812,30814,30816],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,30786,8871],{"class":80},[74,30788,85],{"class":84},[74,30790,8876],{"class":106},[74,30792,122],{"class":88},[74,30794,18080],{"class":92},[74,30796,122],{"class":88},[74,30798,249],{"class":106},[74,30800,13164],{"class":167},[74,30802,8889],{"class":106},[74,30804,8892],{"class":106},[74,30806,122],{"class":88},[74,30808,30809],{"class":92},"english",[74,30811,122],{"class":88},[74,30813,249],{"class":106},[74,30815,28575],{"class":167},[74,30817,8905],{"class":106},[74,30819,30820],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,30821,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,30823,30824,30826,30828,30830,30832,30834],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,30825,16047],{"class":80},[74,30827,114],{"class":106},[74,30829,30120],{"class":110},[74,30831,107],{"class":106},[74,30833,8918],{"class":110},[74,30835,260],{"class":106},[74,30837,30838,30840,30842,30844],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,30839,103],{"class":102},[74,30841,107],{"class":106},[74,30843,16047],{"class":110},[74,30845,260],{"class":106},[20,30847,157],{},[65,30849,30851],{"className":67,"code":30850,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"{'math': 90, 'science': 85, 'english': 88}\n",[15,30852,30853],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,30854,30855,30857,30859,30861,30863,30865,30867,30869,30871,30873,30875,30877,30879,30881,30883,30885,30887,30889,30891],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,30856,8934],{"class":106},[74,30858,2946],{"class":88},[74,30860,18071],{"class":92},[74,30862,2946],{"class":88},[74,30864,679],{"class":106},[74,30866,19553],{"class":167},[74,30868,249],{"class":106},[74,30870,2941],{"class":88},[74,30872,18080],{"class":92},[74,30874,2946],{"class":88},[74,30876,679],{"class":106},[74,30878,13164],{"class":167},[74,30880,249],{"class":106},[74,30882,2941],{"class":88},[74,30884,30809],{"class":92},[74,30886,2946],{"class":88},[74,30888,679],{"class":106},[74,30890,28575],{"class":167},[74,30892,8965],{"class":106},[20,30894,30895],{},"Each item must contain exactly two values:",[30,30897,30898,30901],{},[33,30899,30900],{},"The key",[33,30902,30903],{},"The value",[20,30905,30906],{},"Bad structure will raise an error.",[20,30908,30909],{},"Example of incorrect data:",[65,30911,30913],{"className":67,"code":30912,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"data = {\"a\": 1}\nbad_pairs = [(\"b\", 2, 3)]\n\ndata.update(bad_pairs)\n",[15,30914,30915,30935,30960,30964],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,30916,30917,30919,30921,30923,30925,30927,30929,30931,30933],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,30918,8821],{"class":80},[74,30920,85],{"class":84},[74,30922,10148],{"class":106},[74,30924,122],{"class":88},[74,30926,125],{"class":92},[74,30928,122],{"class":88},[74,30930,679],{"class":106},[74,30932,5148],{"class":167},[74,30934,8965],{"class":106},[74,30936,30937,30940,30942,30944,30946,30948,30950,30952,30954,30956,30958],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,30938,30939],{"class":80},"bad_pairs ",[74,30941,85],{"class":84},[74,30943,8876],{"class":106},[74,30945,122],{"class":88},[74,30947,4412],{"class":92},[74,30949,122],{"class":88},[74,30951,249],{"class":106},[74,30953,620],{"class":167},[74,30955,249],{"class":106},[74,30957,2094],{"class":167},[74,30959,8905],{"class":106},[74,30961,30962],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,30963,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,30965,30966,30968,30970,30972,30974,30977],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,30967,8860],{"class":80},[74,30969,114],{"class":106},[74,30971,30120],{"class":110},[74,30973,107],{"class":106},[74,30975,30976],{"class":110},"bad_pairs",[74,30978,260],{"class":106},[20,30980,30981],{},"This causes an error because each item must be a pair.",[20,30983,30984],{},"This form is useful when you have simple data that needs to become dictionary entries.",[60,30986,30988],{"id":30987},"using-keyword-arguments","Using keyword arguments",[20,30990,30991],{},"You can also pass key-value pairs as keyword arguments:",[65,30993,30995],{"className":67,"code":30994,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"user = {\"name\": \"Leo\"}\nuser.update(age=25, city=\"Madrid\")\nprint(user)\n",[15,30996,30997,31021,31053],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,30998,30999,31001,31003,31005,31007,31009,31011,31013,31015,31017,31019],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,31000,11145],{"class":80},[74,31002,85],{"class":84},[74,31004,10148],{"class":106},[74,31006,122],{"class":88},[74,31008,7323],{"class":92},[74,31010,122],{"class":88},[74,31012,679],{"class":106},[74,31014,89],{"class":88},[74,31016,28568],{"class":92},[74,31018,122],{"class":88},[74,31020,8965],{"class":106},[74,31022,31023,31025,31027,31029,31031,31033,31035,31037,31039,31042,31044,31046,31049,31051],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,31024,11239],{"class":80},[74,31026,114],{"class":106},[74,31028,30120],{"class":110},[74,31030,107],{"class":106},[74,31032,8955],{"class":8831},[74,31034,85],{"class":84},[74,31036,8849],{"class":167},[74,31038,249],{"class":106},[74,31040,31041],{"class":8831}," city",[74,31043,85],{"class":84},[74,31045,122],{"class":88},[74,31047,31048],{"class":92},"Madrid",[74,31050,122],{"class":88},[74,31052,260],{"class":106},[74,31054,31055,31057,31059,31061],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,31056,103],{"class":102},[74,31058,107],{"class":106},[74,31060,11239],{"class":110},[74,31062,260],{"class":106},[20,31064,157],{},[65,31066,31068],{"className":67,"code":31067,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"{'name': 'Leo', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Madrid'}\n",[15,31069,31070],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,31071,31072,31074,31076,31078,31080,31082,31084,31086,31088,31090,31092,31094,31096,31098,31100,31102,31104,31106,31108,31110,31112,31114,31116],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,31073,8934],{"class":106},[74,31075,2946],{"class":88},[74,31077,7323],{"class":92},[74,31079,2946],{"class":88},[74,31081,679],{"class":106},[74,31083,2941],{"class":88},[74,31085,28568],{"class":92},[74,31087,2946],{"class":88},[74,31089,249],{"class":106},[74,31091,2941],{"class":88},[74,31093,8955],{"class":92},[74,31095,2946],{"class":88},[74,31097,679],{"class":106},[74,31099,8962],{"class":167},[74,31101,249],{"class":106},[74,31103,2941],{"class":88},[74,31105,10066],{"class":92},[74,31107,2946],{"class":88},[74,31109,679],{"class":106},[74,31111,2941],{"class":88},[74,31113,31048],{"class":92},[74,31115,2946],{"class":88},[74,31117,8965],{"class":106},[20,31119,31120],{},"This is convenient for simple string keys.",[20,31122,31123],{},"But there is one limit: keys must be valid Python identifiers.",[20,31125,31126],{},"These work:",[30,31128,31129,31133,31137],{},[33,31130,31131],{},[15,31132,8955],{},[33,31134,31135],{},[15,31136,10066],{},[33,31138,31139],{},[15,31140,31141],{},"first_name",[20,31143,31144],{},"These do not work as keyword arguments:",[30,31146,31147,31152],{},[33,31148,31149],{},[15,31150,31151],{},"\"first name\"",[33,31153,31154],{},[15,31155,31156],{},"\"user-id\"",[20,31158,31159],{},"For keys like that, use a dictionary instead:",[65,31161,31163],{"className":67,"code":31162,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"user = {}\nuser.update({\"first name\": \"Leo\", \"user-id\": 1001})\nprint(user)\n",[15,31164,31165,31173,31213],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,31166,31167,31169,31171],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,31168,11145],{"class":80},[74,31170,85],{"class":84},[74,31172,9495],{"class":106},[74,31174,31175,31177,31179,31181,31183,31185,31187,31189,31191,31193,31195,31197,31199,31201,31204,31206,31208,31211],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,31176,11239],{"class":80},[74,31178,114],{"class":106},[74,31180,30120],{"class":110},[74,31182,5180],{"class":106},[74,31184,122],{"class":88},[74,31186,10170],{"class":92},[74,31188,122],{"class":88},[74,31190,679],{"class":106},[74,31192,89],{"class":88},[74,31194,28568],{"class":92},[74,31196,122],{"class":88},[74,31198,249],{"class":106},[74,31200,89],{"class":88},[74,31202,31203],{"class":92},"user-id",[74,31205,122],{"class":88},[74,31207,679],{"class":106},[74,31209,31210],{"class":167}," 1001",[74,31212,30152],{"class":106},[74,31214,31215,31217,31219,31221],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,31216,103],{"class":102},[74,31218,107],{"class":106},[74,31220,11239],{"class":110},[74,31222,260],{"class":106},[60,31224,305],{"id":304},[20,31226,31227,2039,31229,114],{},[15,31228,14611],{},[15,31230,3429],{},[20,31232,13706],{},[20,31234,24364],{},[65,31236,31238],{"className":67,"code":31237,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nresult = person.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(result)\nprint(person)\n",[15,31239,31240,31264,31290,31294,31304],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,31241,31242,31244,31246,31248,31250,31252,31254,31256,31258,31260,31262],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,31243,12861],{"class":80},[74,31245,85],{"class":84},[74,31247,10148],{"class":106},[74,31249,122],{"class":88},[74,31251,7323],{"class":92},[74,31253,122],{"class":88},[74,31255,679],{"class":106},[74,31257,89],{"class":88},[74,31259,12539],{"class":92},[74,31261,122],{"class":88},[74,31263,8965],{"class":106},[74,31265,31266,31268,31270,31272,31274,31276,31278,31280,31282,31284,31286,31288],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,31267,383],{"class":80},[74,31269,85],{"class":84},[74,31271,12904],{"class":80},[74,31273,114],{"class":106},[74,31275,30120],{"class":110},[74,31277,5180],{"class":106},[74,31279,122],{"class":88},[74,31281,8955],{"class":92},[74,31283,122],{"class":88},[74,31285,679],{"class":106},[74,31287,7446],{"class":167},[74,31289,30152],{"class":106},[74,31291,31292],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,31293,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,31295,31296,31298,31300,31302],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,31297,103],{"class":102},[74,31299,107],{"class":106},[74,31301,418],{"class":110},[74,31303,260],{"class":106},[74,31305,31306,31308,31310,31312],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,31307,103],{"class":102},[74,31309,107],{"class":106},[74,31311,16965],{"class":110},[74,31313,260],{"class":106},[20,31315,157],{},[65,31317,31319],{"className":67,"code":31318,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"None\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,31320,31321,31325],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,31322,31323],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,31324,11466],{"class":3504},[74,31326,31327,31329,31331,31333,31335,31337,31339,31341,31343,31345,31347,31349,31351,31353,31355],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,31328,8934],{"class":106},[74,31330,2946],{"class":88},[74,31332,7323],{"class":92},[74,31334,2946],{"class":88},[74,31336,679],{"class":106},[74,31338,2941],{"class":88},[74,31340,12539],{"class":92},[74,31342,2946],{"class":88},[74,31344,249],{"class":106},[74,31346,2941],{"class":88},[74,31348,8955],{"class":92},[74,31350,2946],{"class":88},[74,31352,679],{"class":106},[74,31354,7446],{"class":167},[74,31356,8965],{"class":106},[20,31358,16314],{},[65,31360,31362],{"className":67,"code":31361,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nperson.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(person)\n",[15,31363,31364,31388,31410,31414],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,31365,31366,31368,31370,31372,31374,31376,31378,31380,31382,31384,31386],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,31367,12861],{"class":80},[74,31369,85],{"class":84},[74,31371,10148],{"class":106},[74,31373,122],{"class":88},[74,31375,7323],{"class":92},[74,31377,122],{"class":88},[74,31379,679],{"class":106},[74,31381,89],{"class":88},[74,31383,12539],{"class":92},[74,31385,122],{"class":88},[74,31387,8965],{"class":106},[74,31389,31390,31392,31394,31396,31398,31400,31402,31404,31406,31408],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,31391,16965],{"class":80},[74,31393,114],{"class":106},[74,31395,30120],{"class":110},[74,31397,5180],{"class":106},[74,31399,122],{"class":88},[74,31401,8955],{"class":92},[74,31403,122],{"class":88},[74,31405,679],{"class":106},[74,31407,7446],{"class":167},[74,31409,30152],{"class":106},[74,31411,31412],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,31413,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,31415,31416,31418,31420,31422],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,31417,103],{"class":102},[74,31419,107],{"class":106},[74,31421,16965],{"class":110},[74,31423,260],{"class":106},[20,31425,157],{},[65,31427,31429],{"className":67,"code":31428,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,31430,31431],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,31432,31433,31435,31437,31439,31441,31443,31445,31447,31449,31451,31453,31455,31457,31459,31461],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,31434,8934],{"class":106},[74,31436,2946],{"class":88},[74,31438,7323],{"class":92},[74,31440,2946],{"class":88},[74,31442,679],{"class":106},[74,31444,2941],{"class":88},[74,31446,12539],{"class":92},[74,31448,2946],{"class":88},[74,31450,249],{"class":106},[74,31452,2941],{"class":88},[74,31454,8955],{"class":92},[74,31456,2946],{"class":88},[74,31458,679],{"class":106},[74,31460,7446],{"class":167},[74,31462,8965],{"class":106},[20,31464,31465,31466,114],{},"If you only want to add or change one key, see ",[125,31467,17559],{"href":10389},[60,31469,1260,31471],{"id":31470},"when-to-use-update",[15,31472,14611],{},[20,31474,176,31475,10259],{},[15,31476,14611],{},[30,31478,31479,31482,31485,31488],{},[33,31480,31481],{},"You want to modify an existing dictionary",[33,31483,31484],{},"You want to add several keys at once",[33,31486,31487],{},"You want to merge settings or user data",[33,31489,31490],{},"Overwriting old values is acceptable",[20,31492,31493],{},"If you want to keep the original dictionary unchanged, make a copy first:",[65,31495,31497],{"className":67,"code":31496,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"original = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nupdated = original.copy()\n\nupdated.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\n\nprint(original)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,31498,31499,31535,31550,31554,31593,31597,31607],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,31500,31501,31503,31505,31507,31509,31511,31513,31515,31517,31519,31521,31523,31525,31527,31529,31531,31533],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,31502,11744],{"class":80},[74,31504,85],{"class":84},[74,31506,10148],{"class":106},[74,31508,122],{"class":88},[74,31510,7323],{"class":92},[74,31512,122],{"class":88},[74,31514,679],{"class":106},[74,31516,89],{"class":88},[74,31518,12539],{"class":92},[74,31520,122],{"class":88},[74,31522,249],{"class":106},[74,31524,89],{"class":88},[74,31526,8955],{"class":92},[74,31528,122],{"class":88},[74,31530,679],{"class":106},[74,31532,7446],{"class":167},[74,31534,8965],{"class":106},[74,31536,31537,31540,31542,31544,31546,31548],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,31538,31539],{"class":80},"updated ",[74,31541,85],{"class":84},[74,31543,11819],{"class":80},[74,31545,114],{"class":106},[74,31547,12570],{"class":110},[74,31549,8299],{"class":106},[74,31551,31552],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,31553,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,31555,31556,31559,31561,31563,31565,31567,31569,31571,31573,31575,31577,31579,31581,31583,31585,31587,31589,31591],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,31557,31558],{"class":80},"updated",[74,31560,114],{"class":106},[74,31562,30120],{"class":110},[74,31564,5180],{"class":106},[74,31566,122],{"class":88},[74,31568,8955],{"class":92},[74,31570,122],{"class":88},[74,31572,679],{"class":106},[74,31574,30133],{"class":167},[74,31576,249],{"class":106},[74,31578,89],{"class":88},[74,31580,10066],{"class":92},[74,31582,122],{"class":88},[74,31584,679],{"class":106},[74,31586,89],{"class":88},[74,31588,15689],{"class":92},[74,31590,122],{"class":88},[74,31592,30152],{"class":106},[74,31594,31595],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,31596,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,31598,31599,31601,31603,31605],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,31600,103],{"class":102},[74,31602,107],{"class":106},[74,31604,11791],{"class":110},[74,31606,260],{"class":106},[74,31608,31609,31611,31613,31615],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,31610,103],{"class":102},[74,31612,107],{"class":106},[74,31614,31558],{"class":110},[74,31616,260],{"class":106},[20,31618,157],{},[65,31620,31622],{"className":67,"code":31621,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,31623,31624,31656],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,31625,31626,31628,31630,31632,31634,31636,31638,31640,31642,31644,31646,31648,31650,31652,31654],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,31627,8934],{"class":106},[74,31629,2946],{"class":88},[74,31631,7323],{"class":92},[74,31633,2946],{"class":88},[74,31635,679],{"class":106},[74,31637,2941],{"class":88},[74,31639,12539],{"class":92},[74,31641,2946],{"class":88},[74,31643,249],{"class":106},[74,31645,2941],{"class":88},[74,31647,8955],{"class":92},[74,31649,2946],{"class":88},[74,31651,679],{"class":106},[74,31653,7446],{"class":167},[74,31655,8965],{"class":106},[74,31657,31658,31660,31662,31664,31666,31668,31670,31672,31674,31676,31678,31680,31682,31684,31686,31688,31690,31692,31694,31696,31698,31700,31702],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,31659,8934],{"class":106},[74,31661,2946],{"class":88},[74,31663,7323],{"class":92},[74,31665,2946],{"class":88},[74,31667,679],{"class":106},[74,31669,2941],{"class":88},[74,31671,12539],{"class":92},[74,31673,2946],{"class":88},[74,31675,249],{"class":106},[74,31677,2941],{"class":88},[74,31679,8955],{"class":92},[74,31681,2946],{"class":88},[74,31683,679],{"class":106},[74,31685,30133],{"class":167},[74,31687,249],{"class":106},[74,31689,2941],{"class":88},[74,31691,10066],{"class":92},[74,31693,2946],{"class":88},[74,31695,679],{"class":106},[74,31697,2941],{"class":88},[74,31699,15689],{"class":92},[74,31701,2946],{"class":88},[74,31703,8965],{"class":106},[20,31705,31706,31707,114],{},"After updating a dictionary, you may also want to learn ",[125,31708,16256],{"href":16255},[60,31710,914],{"id":913},[20,31712,10406,31713,679],{},[15,31714,14611],{},[30,31716,31717,31724,31728,31731,31734],{},[33,31718,12253,31719,31721,31722],{},[15,31720,14611],{}," to a variable and getting ",[15,31723,3429],{},[33,31725,923,31726,12261],{},[15,31727,14611],{},[33,31729,31730],{},"Passing items that are not key-value pairs",[33,31732,31733],{},"Using keyword arguments for keys that are not valid identifiers",[33,31735,31736],{},"Overwriting existing values by mistake",[20,31738,31739],{},"Useful debugging checks:",[65,31741,31743],{"className":67,"code":31742,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(data))\nprint(list(data))\nprint(my_dict.get('key'))\nhelp(dict.update)\n",[15,31744,31745,31755,31769,31783,31805],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,31746,31747,31749,31751,31753],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,31748,103],{"class":102},[74,31750,107],{"class":106},[74,31752,11108],{"class":110},[74,31754,260],{"class":106},[74,31756,31757,31759,31761,31763,31765,31767],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,31758,103],{"class":102},[74,31760,107],{"class":106},[74,31762,1346],{"class":1345},[74,31764,107],{"class":106},[74,31766,8860],{"class":110},[74,31768,130],{"class":106},[74,31770,31771,31773,31775,31777,31779,31781],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,31772,103],{"class":102},[74,31774,107],{"class":106},[74,31776,7751],{"class":1345},[74,31778,107],{"class":106},[74,31780,8860],{"class":110},[74,31782,130],{"class":106},[74,31784,31785,31787,31789,31791,31793,31795,31797,31799,31801,31803],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,31786,103],{"class":102},[74,31788,107],{"class":106},[74,31790,11108],{"class":110},[74,31792,114],{"class":106},[74,31794,19405],{"class":110},[74,31796,107],{"class":106},[74,31798,2946],{"class":88},[74,31800,14499],{"class":92},[74,31802,2946],{"class":88},[74,31804,130],{"class":106},[74,31806,31807,31810,31812,31814,31816,31818],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,31808,31809],{"class":102},"help",[74,31811,107],{"class":106},[74,31813,8477],{"class":1345},[74,31815,114],{"class":106},[74,31817,30120],{"class":24406},[74,31819,260],{"class":106},[20,31821,31822],{},"These can help you check:",[30,31824,31825,31828,31833,31836,31839],{},[33,31826,31827],{},"What your dictionary currently contains",[33,31829,31830,31831],{},"What type of data you are passing to ",[15,31832,14611],{},[33,31834,31835],{},"Whether your input really contains pairs",[33,31837,31838],{},"Whether a key exists",[33,31840,31841],{},"The built-in method help text",[20,31843,31844,31845,114],{},"If you are trying to read a missing key after updating, you may also run into ",[125,31846,10921],{"href":10732},[60,31848,1471],{"id":1470},[262,31850,1517,31852,31854],{"id":31851},"does-update-return-a-new-dictionary",[15,31853,14611],{}," return a new dictionary?",[20,31856,31857,31858,114],{},"No. It changes the original dictionary and returns ",[15,31859,3429],{},[262,31861,1517,31863,31865],{"id":31862},"does-update-overwrite-existing-keys",[15,31864,14611],{}," overwrite existing keys?",[20,31867,31868],{},"Yes. If a key already exists, its value is replaced.",[262,31870,1507,31872,31874],{"id":31871},"can-update-add-new-keys",[15,31873,14611],{}," add new keys?",[20,31876,31877],{},"Yes. Missing keys are added to the dictionary.",[262,31879,27983,31881,31883],{"id":31880},"can-i-use-update-with-a-list",[15,31882,14611],{}," with a list?",[20,31885,31886,31887,114],{},"Yes, if the list contains key-value pairs like ",[15,31888,10753],{},[262,31890,4828,31892,31894],{"id":31891},"what-is-the-difference-between-update-and-assigning-one-key",[15,31893,14611],{}," and assigning one key?",[20,31896,31897,31898,31900],{},"Single assignment changes one key. ",[15,31899,14611],{}," can change many keys at once.",[60,31902,1527],{"id":1526},[30,31904,31905,31909,31913,31918,31922],{},[33,31906,31907],{},[125,31908,25749],{"href":9047},[33,31910,31911],{},[125,31912,10910],{"href":10389},[33,31914,31915],{},[125,31916,31917],{"href":30742},"How to merge dictionaries in Python",[33,31919,31920],{},[125,31921,21113],{"href":16255},[33,31923,31924],{},[125,31925,10921],{"href":10732},[1566,31927,31928],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":70,"searchDepth":99,"depth":99,"links":31930},[31931,31932,31934,31935,31937,31939,31940,31941,31943,31944,31956],{"id":62,"depth":99,"text":63},{"id":30175,"depth":99,"text":31933},"What update() does",{"id":226,"depth":99,"text":227},{"id":30535,"depth":99,"text":31936},"Using update() with another dictionary",{"id":30746,"depth":99,"text":31938},"Using update() with key-value pairs",{"id":30987,"depth":99,"text":30988},{"id":304,"depth":99,"text":305},{"id":31470,"depth":99,"text":31942},"When to use update()",{"id":913,"depth":99,"text":914},{"id":1470,"depth":99,"text":1471,"children":31945},[31946,31948,31950,31952,31954],{"id":31851,"depth":133,"text":31947},"Does update() return a new dictionary?",{"id":31862,"depth":133,"text":31949},"Does update() overwrite existing keys?",{"id":31871,"depth":133,"text":31951},"Can update() add new keys?",{"id":31880,"depth":133,"text":31953},"Can I use update() with a list?",{"id":31891,"depth":133,"text":31955},"What is the difference between update() and assigning one key?",{"id":1526,"depth":99,"text":1527},"Master python dictionary update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":30053,"description":31957},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method","njJ700GKZ1TE_XL_n6OM2NaXw_gA2-mTYBWaDLPqKa8",{"id":31963,"title":31964,"body":31965,"description":33954,"extension":1610,"meta":33955,"navigation":407,"path":22551,"seo":33956,"stem":33957,"__hash__":33958},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method.md","Python Dictionary values() Method",{"type":7,"value":31966,"toc":33917},[31967,31972,31979,31982,31984,32083,32085,32140,32145,32150,32164,32169,32171,32186,32188,32202,32215,32220,32226,32233,32235,32342,32344,32393,32399,32474,32476,32497,32499,32502,32607,32609,32664,32666,32694,32698,32703,32782,32784,32804,32806,32817,32827,32831,32836,32940,32942,32967,32970,32981,32986,32995,32998,33015,33017,33104,33106,33169,33171,33194,33196,33201,33207,33212,33214,33253,33259,33262,33281,33292,33298,33301,33374,33376,33395,33400,33403,33426,33432,33435,33499,33502,33579,33586,33589,33648,33654,33656,33675,33679,33682,33733,33736,33756,33758,33819,33821,33826,33831,33836,33841,33846,33851,33857,33860,33869,33877,33879,33914],[10,31968,10977,31970,18],{"id":31969},"python-dictionary-values-method",[15,31971,16729],{},[20,31973,31974,31975,31978],{},"The Python ",[15,31976,31977],{},"dict.values()"," method returns all values from a dictionary.",[20,31980,31981],{},"It is useful when you want the values only and do not need the keys. A common beginner use case is getting all values from a dictionary so you can print them, loop through them, or convert them to a list.",[60,31983,63],{"id":62},[65,31985,31987],{"className":67,"code":31986,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(values)\nprint(list(values))\n",[15,31988,31989,32041,32055,32059,32069],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,31990,31991,31993,31995,31997,31999,32001,32003,32005,32007,32009,32011,32013,32015,32017,32019,32021,32023,32025,32027,32029,32031,32033,32035,32037,32039],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,31992,12522],{"class":80},[74,31994,85],{"class":84},[74,31996,10148],{"class":106},[74,31998,122],{"class":88},[74,32000,7323],{"class":92},[74,32002,122],{"class":88},[74,32004,679],{"class":106},[74,32006,89],{"class":88},[74,32008,12539],{"class":92},[74,32010,122],{"class":88},[74,32012,249],{"class":106},[74,32014,89],{"class":88},[74,32016,8955],{"class":92},[74,32018,122],{"class":88},[74,32020,679],{"class":106},[74,32022,7446],{"class":167},[74,32024,249],{"class":106},[74,32026,89],{"class":88},[74,32028,10066],{"class":92},[74,32030,122],{"class":88},[74,32032,679],{"class":106},[74,32034,89],{"class":88},[74,32036,15689],{"class":92},[74,32038,122],{"class":88},[74,32040,8965],{"class":106},[74,32042,32043,32045,32047,32049,32051,32053],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,32044,3474],{"class":80},[74,32046,85],{"class":84},[74,32048,12565],{"class":80},[74,32050,114],{"class":106},[74,32052,5008],{"class":110},[74,32054,8299],{"class":106},[74,32056,32057],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,32058,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,32060,32061,32063,32065,32067],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,32062,103],{"class":102},[74,32064,107],{"class":106},[74,32066,5008],{"class":110},[74,32068,260],{"class":106},[74,32070,32071,32073,32075,32077,32079,32081],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,32072,103],{"class":102},[74,32074,107],{"class":106},[74,32076,7751],{"class":1345},[74,32078,107],{"class":106},[74,32080,5008],{"class":110},[74,32082,130],{"class":106},[20,32084,157],{},[65,32086,32088],{"className":67,"code":32087,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"dict_values(['Ana', 20, 'Lima'])\n['Ana', 20, 'Lima']\n",[15,32089,32090,32116],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,32091,32092,32094,32096,32098,32100,32102,32104,32106,32108,32110,32112,32114],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,32093,16696],{"class":110},[74,32095,2629],{"class":106},[74,32097,2946],{"class":88},[74,32099,12539],{"class":92},[74,32101,2946],{"class":88},[74,32103,249],{"class":106},[74,32105,7446],{"class":167},[74,32107,249],{"class":106},[74,32109,2941],{"class":88},[74,32111,15689],{"class":92},[74,32113,2946],{"class":88},[74,32115,751],{"class":106},[74,32117,32118,32120,32122,32124,32126,32128,32130,32132,32134,32136,32138],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,32119,742],{"class":106},[74,32121,2946],{"class":88},[74,32123,12539],{"class":92},[74,32125,2946],{"class":88},[74,32127,249],{"class":106},[74,32129,7446],{"class":167},[74,32131,249],{"class":106},[74,32133,2941],{"class":88},[74,32135,15689],{"class":92},[74,32137,2946],{"class":88},[74,32139,3284],{"class":106},[20,32141,32142,32144],{},[15,32143,16729],{}," returns a dictionary view object. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list.",[60,32146,3328,32148,38],{"id":32147},"what-values-does",[15,32149,16729],{},[30,32151,32152,32155,32158,32161],{},[33,32153,32154],{},"It is used on a dictionary",[33,32156,32157],{},"It returns all dictionary values",[33,32159,32160],{},"It keeps the same order as the dictionary",[33,32162,32163],{},"It returns a view object, not a new list",[20,32165,32166,32167,114],{},"If you already know how to create dictionaries, see ",[125,32168,9048],{"href":9047},[60,32170,227],{"id":226},[65,32172,32174],{"className":67,"code":32173,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"my_dict.values()\n",[15,32175,32176],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,32177,32178,32180,32182,32184],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,32179,11108],{"class":80},[74,32181,114],{"class":106},[74,32183,5008],{"class":110},[74,32185,8299],{"class":106},[20,32187,195],{},[30,32189,32190,32194,32197],{},[33,32191,32192,11124],{},[15,32193,16729],{},[33,32195,32196],{},"It works only on dictionary objects",[33,32198,32199,32200],{},"You must include the parentheses: ",[15,32201,16729],{},[20,32203,32204,32205,51,32210,114],{},"This is a dictionary method, similar to ",[125,32206,32207,32209],{"href":16720},[15,32208,16723],{}," for dictionary keys",[125,32211,32212,32214],{"href":16733},[15,32213,16736],{}," for key-value pairs",[60,32216,3328,32218,11363],{"id":32217},"what-values-returns",[15,32219,16729],{},[20,32221,32222,21631,32224,24420],{},[15,32223,16729],{},[15,32225,16696],{},[20,32227,32228,32229,32232],{},"This object is a ",[332,32230,32231],{},"view"," of the dictionary values. That means it shows the current values in the dictionary, and it updates if the dictionary changes.",[20,32234,506],{},[65,32236,32238],{"className":67,"code":32237,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\n\nvalues_view = person.values()\nprint(values_view)\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Quito\"\nprint(values_view)\n",[15,32239,32240,32276,32280,32295,32306,32310,32332],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,32241,32242,32244,32246,32248,32250,32252,32254,32256,32258,32260,32262,32264,32266,32268,32270,32272,32274],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,32243,12861],{"class":80},[74,32245,85],{"class":84},[74,32247,10148],{"class":106},[74,32249,122],{"class":88},[74,32251,7323],{"class":92},[74,32253,122],{"class":88},[74,32255,679],{"class":106},[74,32257,89],{"class":88},[74,32259,7578],{"class":92},[74,32261,122],{"class":88},[74,32263,249],{"class":106},[74,32265,89],{"class":88},[74,32267,8955],{"class":92},[74,32269,122],{"class":88},[74,32271,679],{"class":106},[74,32273,8962],{"class":167},[74,32275,8965],{"class":106},[74,32277,32278],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,32279,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,32281,32282,32285,32287,32289,32291,32293],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,32283,32284],{"class":80},"values_view ",[74,32286,85],{"class":84},[74,32288,12904],{"class":80},[74,32290,114],{"class":106},[74,32292,5008],{"class":110},[74,32294,8299],{"class":106},[74,32296,32297,32299,32301,32304],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,32298,103],{"class":102},[74,32300,107],{"class":106},[74,32302,32303],{"class":110},"values_view",[74,32305,260],{"class":106},[74,32307,32308],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,32309,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,32311,32312,32314,32316,32318,32320,32322,32324,32326,32328,32330],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,32313,16965],{"class":80},[74,32315,742],{"class":106},[74,32317,122],{"class":88},[74,32319,10066],{"class":92},[74,32321,122],{"class":88},[74,32323,12930],{"class":106},[74,32325,12933],{"class":84},[74,32327,89],{"class":88},[74,32329,30299],{"class":92},[74,32331,96],{"class":88},[74,32333,32334,32336,32338,32340],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,32335,103],{"class":102},[74,32337,107],{"class":106},[74,32339,32303],{"class":110},[74,32341,260],{"class":106},[20,32343,157],{},[65,32345,32347],{"className":67,"code":32346,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"dict_values(['Mia', 25])\ndict_values(['Mia', 25, 'Quito'])\n",[15,32348,32349,32367],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,32350,32351,32353,32355,32357,32359,32361,32363,32365],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,32352,16696],{"class":110},[74,32354,2629],{"class":106},[74,32356,2946],{"class":88},[74,32358,7578],{"class":92},[74,32360,2946],{"class":88},[74,32362,249],{"class":106},[74,32364,8962],{"class":167},[74,32366,751],{"class":106},[74,32368,32369,32371,32373,32375,32377,32379,32381,32383,32385,32387,32389,32391],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,32370,16696],{"class":110},[74,32372,2629],{"class":106},[74,32374,2946],{"class":88},[74,32376,7578],{"class":92},[74,32378,2946],{"class":88},[74,32380,249],{"class":106},[74,32382,8962],{"class":167},[74,32384,249],{"class":106},[74,32386,2941],{"class":88},[74,32388,30299],{"class":92},[74,32390,2946],{"class":88},[74,32392,751],{"class":106},[20,32394,32395,32396,114],{},"If you need a regular list, use ",[15,32397,32398],{},"list(my_dict.values())",[65,32400,32402],{"className":67,"code":32401,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\nvalues_list = list(person.values())\n\nprint(values_list)\n",[15,32403,32404,32440,32459,32463],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,32405,32406,32408,32410,32412,32414,32416,32418,32420,32422,32424,32426,32428,32430,32432,32434,32436,32438],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,32407,12861],{"class":80},[74,32409,85],{"class":84},[74,32411,10148],{"class":106},[74,32413,122],{"class":88},[74,32415,7323],{"class":92},[74,32417,122],{"class":88},[74,32419,679],{"class":106},[74,32421,89],{"class":88},[74,32423,7578],{"class":92},[74,32425,122],{"class":88},[74,32427,249],{"class":106},[74,32429,89],{"class":88},[74,32431,8955],{"class":92},[74,32433,122],{"class":88},[74,32435,679],{"class":106},[74,32437,8962],{"class":167},[74,32439,8965],{"class":106},[74,32441,32442,32445,32447,32449,32451,32453,32455,32457],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,32443,32444],{"class":80},"values_list ",[74,32446,85],{"class":84},[74,32448,22216],{"class":1345},[74,32450,107],{"class":106},[74,32452,16965],{"class":110},[74,32454,114],{"class":106},[74,32456,5008],{"class":110},[74,32458,6848],{"class":106},[74,32460,32461],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,32462,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,32464,32465,32467,32469,32472],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,32466,103],{"class":102},[74,32468,107],{"class":106},[74,32470,32471],{"class":110},"values_list",[74,32473,260],{"class":106},[20,32475,157],{},[65,32477,32479],{"className":67,"code":32478,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"['Mia', 25]\n",[15,32480,32481],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,32482,32483,32485,32487,32489,32491,32493,32495],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,32484,742],{"class":106},[74,32486,2946],{"class":88},[74,32488,7578],{"class":92},[74,32490,2946],{"class":88},[74,32492,249],{"class":106},[74,32494,8962],{"class":167},[74,32496,3284],{"class":106},[60,32498,357],{"id":356},[20,32500,32501],{},"Here is a basic example step by step:",[65,32503,32505],{"className":67,"code":32504,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2022, \"color\": \"blue\"}\n\nresult = car.values()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,32506,32507,32561,32565,32579,32583,32593],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,32508,32509,32511,32513,32515,32517,32519,32521,32523,32525,32527,32529,32531,32533,32535,32537,32539,32542,32544,32546,32549,32551,32553,32555,32557,32559],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,32510,24452],{"class":80},[74,32512,85],{"class":84},[74,32514,10148],{"class":106},[74,32516,122],{"class":88},[74,32518,24461],{"class":92},[74,32520,122],{"class":88},[74,32522,679],{"class":106},[74,32524,89],{"class":88},[74,32526,24470],{"class":92},[74,32528,122],{"class":88},[74,32530,249],{"class":106},[74,32532,89],{"class":88},[74,32534,24479],{"class":92},[74,32536,122],{"class":88},[74,32538,679],{"class":106},[74,32540,32541],{"class":167}," 2022",[74,32543,249],{"class":106},[74,32545,89],{"class":88},[74,32547,32548],{"class":92},"color",[74,32550,122],{"class":88},[74,32552,679],{"class":106},[74,32554,89],{"class":88},[74,32556,12766],{"class":92},[74,32558,122],{"class":88},[74,32560,8965],{"class":106},[74,32562,32563],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,32564,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,32566,32567,32569,32571,32573,32575,32577],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,32568,383],{"class":80},[74,32570,85],{"class":84},[74,32572,24501],{"class":80},[74,32574,114],{"class":106},[74,32576,5008],{"class":110},[74,32578,8299],{"class":106},[74,32580,32581],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,32582,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,32584,32585,32587,32589,32591],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,32586,103],{"class":102},[74,32588,107],{"class":106},[74,32590,418],{"class":110},[74,32592,260],{"class":106},[74,32594,32595,32597,32599,32601,32603,32605],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,32596,103],{"class":102},[74,32598,107],{"class":106},[74,32600,7751],{"class":1345},[74,32602,107],{"class":106},[74,32604,418],{"class":110},[74,32606,130],{"class":106},[20,32608,157],{},[65,32610,32612],{"className":67,"code":32611,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"dict_values(['Toyota', 2022, 'blue'])\n['Toyota', 2022, 'blue']\n",[15,32613,32614,32640],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,32615,32616,32618,32620,32622,32624,32626,32628,32630,32632,32634,32636,32638],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,32617,16696],{"class":110},[74,32619,2629],{"class":106},[74,32621,2946],{"class":88},[74,32623,24470],{"class":92},[74,32625,2946],{"class":88},[74,32627,249],{"class":106},[74,32629,32541],{"class":167},[74,32631,249],{"class":106},[74,32633,2941],{"class":88},[74,32635,12766],{"class":92},[74,32637,2946],{"class":88},[74,32639,751],{"class":106},[74,32641,32642,32644,32646,32648,32650,32652,32654,32656,32658,32660,32662],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,32643,742],{"class":106},[74,32645,2946],{"class":88},[74,32647,24470],{"class":92},[74,32649,2946],{"class":88},[74,32651,249],{"class":106},[74,32653,32541],{"class":167},[74,32655,249],{"class":106},[74,32657,2941],{"class":88},[74,32659,12766],{"class":92},[74,32661,2946],{"class":88},[74,32663,3284],{"class":106},[20,32665,11341],{},[30,32667,32668,32674,32680,32688],{},[33,32669,32670,32673],{},[15,32671,32672],{},"car"," is a dictionary",[33,32675,32676,32679],{},[15,32677,32678],{},"car.values()"," gets all values",[33,32681,32682,32685,32686,24273],{},[15,32683,32684],{},"print(result)"," shows the ",[15,32687,16696],{},[33,32689,32690,32693],{},[15,32691,32692],{},"print(list(result))"," shows the same values as a list",[60,32695,32697],{"id":32696},"looping-through-dictionary-values","Looping through dictionary values",[20,32699,32700,32701,25718],{},"You can loop through dictionary values with a ",[15,32702,5609],{},[65,32704,32706],{"className":67,"code":32705,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"english\": 85, \"science\": 88}\n\nfor value in scores.values():\n    print(value)\n",[15,32707,32708,32752,32756,32772],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,32709,32710,32712,32714,32716,32718,32720,32722,32724,32726,32728,32730,32732,32734,32736,32738,32740,32742,32744,32746,32748,32750],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,32711,4715],{"class":80},[74,32713,85],{"class":84},[74,32715,10148],{"class":106},[74,32717,122],{"class":88},[74,32719,18071],{"class":92},[74,32721,122],{"class":88},[74,32723,679],{"class":106},[74,32725,19553],{"class":167},[74,32727,249],{"class":106},[74,32729,89],{"class":88},[74,32731,30809],{"class":92},[74,32733,122],{"class":88},[74,32735,679],{"class":106},[74,32737,13164],{"class":167},[74,32739,249],{"class":106},[74,32741,89],{"class":88},[74,32743,18080],{"class":92},[74,32745,122],{"class":88},[74,32747,679],{"class":106},[74,32749,28575],{"class":167},[74,32751,8965],{"class":106},[74,32753,32754],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,32755,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,32757,32758,32760,32762,32764,32766,32768,32770],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,32759,5609],{"class":3529},[74,32761,21240],{"class":80},[74,32763,351],{"class":3529},[74,32765,4762],{"class":80},[74,32767,114],{"class":106},[74,32769,5008],{"class":110},[74,32771,21251],{"class":106},[74,32773,32774,32776,32778,32780],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,32775,7726],{"class":102},[74,32777,107],{"class":106},[74,32779,246],{"class":110},[74,32781,260],{"class":106},[20,32783,157],{},[65,32785,32787],{"className":67,"code":32786,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"90\n85\n88\n",[15,32788,32789,32794,32799],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,32790,32791],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,32792,32793],{"class":167},"90\n",[74,32795,32796],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,32797,32798],{"class":167},"85\n",[74,32800,32801],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,32802,32803],{"class":167},"88\n",[20,32805,17365],{},[30,32807,32808,32811,32814],{},[33,32809,32810],{},"You only need the values",[33,32812,32813],{},"You do not care about the keys",[33,32815,32816],{},"You want simpler code",[20,32818,32819,32820,339,32824,114],{},"If you want to loop through keys and values together, see ",[125,32821,10395,32822,10399],{"href":16733},[15,32823,16736],{},[125,32825,22131],{"href":32826},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F",[60,32828,32830],{"id":32829},"converting-values-to-a-list","Converting values to a list",[20,32832,176,32833,32835],{},[15,32834,32398],{}," when you need a list.",[65,32837,32839],{"className":67,"code":32838,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"fruit_prices = {\"apple\": 2, \"banana\": 1, \"orange\": 3}\n\nprice_list = list(fruit_prices.values())\n\nprint(price_list)\nprint(price_list[0])\n",[15,32840,32841,32887,32891,32911,32915,32926],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,32842,32843,32846,32848,32850,32852,32854,32856,32858,32860,32862,32864,32866,32868,32870,32872,32874,32876,32879,32881,32883,32885],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,32844,32845],{"class":80},"fruit_prices ",[74,32847,85],{"class":84},[74,32849,10148],{"class":106},[74,32851,122],{"class":88},[74,32853,376],{"class":92},[74,32855,122],{"class":88},[74,32857,679],{"class":106},[74,32859,620],{"class":167},[74,32861,249],{"class":106},[74,32863,89],{"class":88},[74,32865,93],{"class":92},[74,32867,122],{"class":88},[74,32869,679],{"class":106},[74,32871,5148],{"class":167},[74,32873,249],{"class":106},[74,32875,89],{"class":88},[74,32877,32878],{"class":92},"orange",[74,32880,122],{"class":88},[74,32882,679],{"class":106},[74,32884,2094],{"class":167},[74,32886,8965],{"class":106},[74,32888,32889],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,32890,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,32892,32893,32896,32898,32900,32902,32905,32907,32909],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,32894,32895],{"class":80},"price_list ",[74,32897,85],{"class":84},[74,32899,22216],{"class":1345},[74,32901,107],{"class":106},[74,32903,32904],{"class":110},"fruit_prices",[74,32906,114],{"class":106},[74,32908,5008],{"class":110},[74,32910,6848],{"class":106},[74,32912,32913],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,32914,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,32916,32917,32919,32921,32924],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,32918,103],{"class":102},[74,32920,107],{"class":106},[74,32922,32923],{"class":110},"price_list",[74,32925,260],{"class":106},[74,32927,32928,32930,32932,32934,32936,32938],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,32929,103],{"class":102},[74,32931,107],{"class":106},[74,32933,32923],{"class":110},[74,32935,742],{"class":106},[74,32937,327],{"class":167},[74,32939,751],{"class":106},[20,32941,157],{},[65,32943,32945],{"className":67,"code":32944,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"[2, 1, 3]\n2\n",[15,32946,32947,32963],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,32948,32949,32951,32953,32955,32957,32959,32961],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,32950,742],{"class":106},[74,32952,687],{"class":167},[74,32954,249],{"class":106},[74,32956,5148],{"class":167},[74,32958,249],{"class":106},[74,32960,2094],{"class":167},[74,32962,3284],{"class":106},[74,32964,32965],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,32966,173],{"class":167},[20,32968,32969],{},"This is helpful for:",[30,32971,32972,32975,32978],{},[33,32973,32974],{},"Displaying the values as a normal list",[33,32976,32977],{},"Accessing values by index",[33,32979,32980],{},"Passing the values to code that expects a list",[20,32982,3576,32983,32985],{},[15,32984,16696],{}," is not the same as a list.",[60,32987,32989,10243,32991,10243,32993],{"id":32988},"values-vs-keys-vs-items",[15,32990,16729],{},[15,32992,16723],{},[15,32994,16736],{},[20,32996,32997],{},"These three dictionary methods are related, but they return different things:",[30,32999,33000,33005,33010],{},[33,33001,33002,33004],{},[15,33003,16729],{}," returns only the values",[33,33006,33007,33009],{},[15,33008,16723],{}," returns only the keys",[33,33011,33012,33014],{},[15,33013,16736],{}," returns key-value pairs",[20,33016,313],{},[65,33018,33020],{"className":67,"code":33019,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.keys())\nprint(student.values())\nprint(student.items())\n",[15,33021,33022,33058,33062,33076,33090],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,33023,33024,33026,33028,33030,33032,33034,33036,33038,33040,33042,33044,33046,33048,33050,33052,33054,33056],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,33025,12522],{"class":80},[74,33027,85],{"class":84},[74,33029,10148],{"class":106},[74,33031,122],{"class":88},[74,33033,7323],{"class":92},[74,33035,122],{"class":88},[74,33037,679],{"class":106},[74,33039,89],{"class":88},[74,33041,12539],{"class":92},[74,33043,122],{"class":88},[74,33045,249],{"class":106},[74,33047,89],{"class":88},[74,33049,8955],{"class":92},[74,33051,122],{"class":88},[74,33053,679],{"class":106},[74,33055,7446],{"class":167},[74,33057,8965],{"class":106},[74,33059,33060],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,33061,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,33063,33064,33066,33068,33070,33072,33074],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,33065,103],{"class":102},[74,33067,107],{"class":106},[74,33069,13283],{"class":110},[74,33071,114],{"class":106},[74,33073,16582],{"class":110},[74,33075,6848],{"class":106},[74,33077,33078,33080,33082,33084,33086,33088],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,33079,103],{"class":102},[74,33081,107],{"class":106},[74,33083,13283],{"class":110},[74,33085,114],{"class":106},[74,33087,5008],{"class":110},[74,33089,6848],{"class":106},[74,33091,33092,33094,33096,33098,33100,33102],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,33093,103],{"class":102},[74,33095,107],{"class":106},[74,33097,13283],{"class":110},[74,33099,114],{"class":106},[74,33101,7466],{"class":110},[74,33103,6848],{"class":106},[20,33105,157],{},[65,33107,33109],{"className":67,"code":33108,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\ndict_items([('name', 20)])\n",[15,33110,33111,33133,33151],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,33112,33113,33115,33117,33119,33121,33123,33125,33127,33129,33131],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,33114,16673],{"class":110},[74,33116,2629],{"class":106},[74,33118,2946],{"class":88},[74,33120,7323],{"class":92},[74,33122,2946],{"class":88},[74,33124,249],{"class":106},[74,33126,2941],{"class":88},[74,33128,8955],{"class":92},[74,33130,2946],{"class":88},[74,33132,751],{"class":106},[74,33134,33135,33137,33139,33141,33143,33145,33147,33149],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,33136,16696],{"class":110},[74,33138,2629],{"class":106},[74,33140,2946],{"class":88},[74,33142,12539],{"class":92},[74,33144,2946],{"class":88},[74,33146,249],{"class":106},[74,33148,7446],{"class":167},[74,33150,751],{"class":106},[74,33152,33153,33155,33157,33159,33161,33163,33165,33167],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,33154,21564],{"class":110},[74,33156,9314],{"class":106},[74,33158,2946],{"class":88},[74,33160,7323],{"class":92},[74,33162,2946],{"class":88},[74,33164,249],{"class":106},[74,33166,7446],{"class":167},[74,33168,10337],{"class":106},[20,33170,18349],{},[30,33172,33173,33180,33187],{},[33,33174,33175,33179],{},[125,33176,33177],{"href":16720},[15,33178,16723],{}," when you need just the keys",[33,33181,33182,33186],{},[125,33183,33184],{"href":16726},[15,33185,16729],{}," when you need just the values",[33,33188,33189,33193],{},[125,33190,33191],{"href":16733},[15,33192,16736],{}," when you need both",[60,33195,4170],{"id":4169},[20,33197,33198,33199,114],{},"Here are some common problems with ",[15,33200,16729],{},[262,33202,29305,33204,33206],{"id":33203},"calling-values-on-the-wrong-type",[15,33205,16729],{}," on the wrong type",[20,33208,33209,33211],{},[15,33210,16729],{}," works on dictionaries only.",[20,33213,16302],{},[65,33215,33217],{"className":67,"code":33216,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(my_list.values())\n",[15,33218,33219,33239],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,33220,33221,33223,33225,33227,33229,33231,33233,33235,33237],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,33222,7966],{"class":80},[74,33224,85],{"class":84},[74,33226,3271],{"class":106},[74,33228,2632],{"class":167},[74,33230,249],{"class":106},[74,33232,620],{"class":167},[74,33234,249],{"class":106},[74,33236,2094],{"class":167},[74,33238,3284],{"class":106},[74,33240,33241,33243,33245,33247,33249,33251],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,33242,103],{"class":102},[74,33244,107],{"class":106},[74,33246,7997],{"class":110},[74,33248,114],{"class":106},[74,33250,5008],{"class":110},[74,33252,6848],{"class":106},[20,33254,33255,33256,33258],{},"This causes an error because lists do not have a ",[15,33257,16729],{}," method.",[20,33260,33261],{},"To debug this, check the type:",[65,33263,33265],{"className":67,"code":33264,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(type(my_list))\n",[15,33266,33267],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,33268,33269,33271,33273,33275,33277,33279],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,33270,103],{"class":102},[74,33272,107],{"class":106},[74,33274,1346],{"class":1345},[74,33276,107],{"class":106},[74,33278,7997],{"class":110},[74,33280,130],{"class":106},[20,33282,33283,33284,33286,33287,114],{},"If you get an ",[15,33285,25328],{},", see ",[125,33288,25336,33289,33291],{"href":25335},[15,33290,25339],{}," errors",[262,33293,4231,33295,33297],{"id":33294},"assuming-values-returns-a-list",[15,33296,16729],{}," returns a list",[20,33299,33300],{},"Beginners often expect this:",[65,33302,33304],{"className":67,"code":33303,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,33305,33306,33342,33356,33360],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,33307,33308,33310,33312,33314,33316,33318,33320,33322,33324,33326,33328,33330,33332,33334,33336,33338,33340],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,33309,12522],{"class":80},[74,33311,85],{"class":84},[74,33313,10148],{"class":106},[74,33315,122],{"class":88},[74,33317,7323],{"class":92},[74,33319,122],{"class":88},[74,33321,679],{"class":106},[74,33323,89],{"class":88},[74,33325,12539],{"class":92},[74,33327,122],{"class":88},[74,33329,249],{"class":106},[74,33331,89],{"class":88},[74,33333,8955],{"class":92},[74,33335,122],{"class":88},[74,33337,679],{"class":106},[74,33339,7446],{"class":167},[74,33341,8965],{"class":106},[74,33343,33344,33346,33348,33350,33352,33354],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,33345,3474],{"class":80},[74,33347,85],{"class":84},[74,33349,12565],{"class":80},[74,33351,114],{"class":106},[74,33353,5008],{"class":110},[74,33355,8299],{"class":106},[74,33357,33358],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,33359,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,33361,33362,33364,33366,33368,33370,33372],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,33363,103],{"class":102},[74,33365,107],{"class":106},[74,33367,1346],{"class":1345},[74,33369,107],{"class":106},[74,33371,5008],{"class":110},[74,33373,130],{"class":106},[20,33375,157],{},[65,33377,33379],{"className":67,"code":33378,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"\u003Cclass 'dict_values'>\n",[15,33380,33381],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,33382,33383,33385,33387,33389,33391,33393],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,33384,2935],{"class":84},[74,33386,2938],{"class":1711},[74,33388,2941],{"class":88},[74,33390,16696],{"class":92},[74,33392,2946],{"class":88},[74,33394,2949],{"class":84},[20,33396,1501,33397,33399],{},[15,33398,16696],{},", not a list.",[20,33401,33402],{},"If you need a list:",[65,33404,33406],{"className":67,"code":33405,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"values = list(student.values())\n",[15,33407,33408],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,33409,33410,33412,33414,33416,33418,33420,33422,33424],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,33411,3474],{"class":80},[74,33413,85],{"class":84},[74,33415,22216],{"class":1345},[74,33417,107],{"class":106},[74,33419,13283],{"class":110},[74,33421,114],{"class":106},[74,33423,5008],{"class":110},[74,33425,6848],{"class":106},[262,33427,33429,33430],{"id":33428},"trying-to-use-an-index-directly-on-dict_values","Trying to use an index directly on ",[15,33431,16696],{},[20,33433,33434],{},"This may not work the way you expect:",[65,33436,33438],{"className":67,"code":33437,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\n# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[15,33439,33440,33476,33490,33494],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,33441,33442,33444,33446,33448,33450,33452,33454,33456,33458,33460,33462,33464,33466,33468,33470,33472,33474],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,33443,12522],{"class":80},[74,33445,85],{"class":84},[74,33447,10148],{"class":106},[74,33449,122],{"class":88},[74,33451,7323],{"class":92},[74,33453,122],{"class":88},[74,33455,679],{"class":106},[74,33457,89],{"class":88},[74,33459,12539],{"class":92},[74,33461,122],{"class":88},[74,33463,249],{"class":106},[74,33465,89],{"class":88},[74,33467,8955],{"class":92},[74,33469,122],{"class":88},[74,33471,679],{"class":106},[74,33473,7446],{"class":167},[74,33475,8965],{"class":106},[74,33477,33478,33480,33482,33484,33486,33488],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,33479,3474],{"class":80},[74,33481,85],{"class":84},[74,33483,12565],{"class":80},[74,33485,114],{"class":106},[74,33487,5008],{"class":110},[74,33489,8299],{"class":106},[74,33491,33492],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,33493,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,33495,33496],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,33497,33498],{"class":3314},"# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[20,33500,33501],{},"Convert to a list first:",[65,33503,33505],{"className":67,"code":33504,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = list(student.values())\n\nprint(values[0])\n",[15,33506,33507,33543,33561,33565],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,33508,33509,33511,33513,33515,33517,33519,33521,33523,33525,33527,33529,33531,33533,33535,33537,33539,33541],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,33510,12522],{"class":80},[74,33512,85],{"class":84},[74,33514,10148],{"class":106},[74,33516,122],{"class":88},[74,33518,7323],{"class":92},[74,33520,122],{"class":88},[74,33522,679],{"class":106},[74,33524,89],{"class":88},[74,33526,12539],{"class":92},[74,33528,122],{"class":88},[74,33530,249],{"class":106},[74,33532,89],{"class":88},[74,33534,8955],{"class":92},[74,33536,122],{"class":88},[74,33538,679],{"class":106},[74,33540,7446],{"class":167},[74,33542,8965],{"class":106},[74,33544,33545,33547,33549,33551,33553,33555,33557,33559],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,33546,3474],{"class":80},[74,33548,85],{"class":84},[74,33550,22216],{"class":1345},[74,33552,107],{"class":106},[74,33554,13283],{"class":110},[74,33556,114],{"class":106},[74,33558,5008],{"class":110},[74,33560,6848],{"class":106},[74,33562,33563],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,33564,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,33566,33567,33569,33571,33573,33575,33577],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,33568,103],{"class":102},[74,33570,107],{"class":106},[74,33572,5008],{"class":110},[74,33574,742],{"class":106},[74,33576,327],{"class":167},[74,33578,751],{"class":106},[262,33580,571,33582,10750,33584],{"id":33581},"using-values-instead-of-values",[15,33583,5008],{},[15,33585,16729],{},[20,33587,33588],{},"This is also a common mistake:",[65,33590,33592],{"className":67,"code":33591,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.values)\n",[15,33593,33594,33630,33634],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,33595,33596,33598,33600,33602,33604,33606,33608,33610,33612,33614,33616,33618,33620,33622,33624,33626,33628],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,33597,12522],{"class":80},[74,33599,85],{"class":84},[74,33601,10148],{"class":106},[74,33603,122],{"class":88},[74,33605,7323],{"class":92},[74,33607,122],{"class":88},[74,33609,679],{"class":106},[74,33611,89],{"class":88},[74,33613,12539],{"class":92},[74,33615,122],{"class":88},[74,33617,249],{"class":106},[74,33619,89],{"class":88},[74,33621,8955],{"class":92},[74,33623,122],{"class":88},[74,33625,679],{"class":106},[74,33627,7446],{"class":167},[74,33629,8965],{"class":106},[74,33631,33632],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,33633,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,33635,33636,33638,33640,33642,33644,33646],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,33637,103],{"class":102},[74,33639,107],{"class":106},[74,33641,13283],{"class":110},[74,33643,114],{"class":106},[74,33645,5008],{"class":24406},[74,33647,260],{"class":106},[20,33649,33650,33653],{},[15,33651,33652],{},"student.values"," refers to the method itself, not the result.",[20,33655,18349],{},[65,33657,33659],{"className":67,"code":33658,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(student.values())\n",[15,33660,33661],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,33662,33663,33665,33667,33669,33671,33673],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,33664,103],{"class":102},[74,33666,107],{"class":106},[74,33668,13283],{"class":110},[74,33670,114],{"class":106},[74,33672,5008],{"class":110},[74,33674,6848],{"class":106},[262,33676,33678],{"id":33677},"using-parentheses-incorrectly-on-the-dictionary-variable","Using parentheses incorrectly on the dictionary variable",[20,33680,33681],{},"Make sure the method is called on the dictionary:",[65,33683,33685],{"className":67,"code":33684,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(data.values())\n",[15,33686,33687,33719],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,33688,33689,33691,33693,33695,33697,33699,33701,33703,33705,33707,33709,33711,33713,33715,33717],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,33690,8821],{"class":80},[74,33692,85],{"class":84},[74,33694,10148],{"class":106},[74,33696,122],{"class":88},[74,33698,125],{"class":92},[74,33700,122],{"class":88},[74,33702,679],{"class":106},[74,33704,5148],{"class":167},[74,33706,249],{"class":106},[74,33708,89],{"class":88},[74,33710,4412],{"class":92},[74,33712,122],{"class":88},[74,33714,679],{"class":106},[74,33716,620],{"class":167},[74,33718,8965],{"class":106},[74,33720,33721,33723,33725,33727,33729,33731],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,33722,103],{"class":102},[74,33724,107],{"class":106},[74,33726,8860],{"class":110},[74,33728,114],{"class":106},[74,33730,5008],{"class":110},[74,33732,6848],{"class":106},[20,33734,33735],{},"Not like this:",[65,33737,33739],{"className":67,"code":33738,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"# Wrong examples:\n# data().values()\n# values(data)\n",[15,33740,33741,33746,33751],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,33742,33743],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,33744,33745],{"class":3314},"# Wrong examples:\n",[74,33747,33748],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,33749,33750],{"class":3314},"# data().values()\n",[74,33752,33753],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,33754,33755],{"class":3314},"# values(data)\n",[20,33757,2986],{},[65,33759,33761],{"className":67,"code":33760,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(list(my_dict.values()))\n",[15,33762,33763,33777,33787,33801],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,33764,33765,33767,33769,33771,33773,33775],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,33766,103],{"class":102},[74,33768,107],{"class":106},[74,33770,1346],{"class":1345},[74,33772,107],{"class":106},[74,33774,11108],{"class":110},[74,33776,130],{"class":106},[74,33778,33779,33781,33783,33785],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,33780,103],{"class":102},[74,33782,107],{"class":106},[74,33784,11108],{"class":110},[74,33786,260],{"class":106},[74,33788,33789,33791,33793,33795,33797,33799],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,33790,103],{"class":102},[74,33792,107],{"class":106},[74,33794,11108],{"class":110},[74,33796,114],{"class":106},[74,33798,5008],{"class":110},[74,33800,6848],{"class":106},[74,33802,33803,33805,33807,33809,33811,33813,33815,33817],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,33804,103],{"class":102},[74,33806,107],{"class":106},[74,33808,7751],{"class":1345},[74,33810,107],{"class":106},[74,33812,11108],{"class":110},[74,33814,114],{"class":106},[74,33816,5008],{"class":110},[74,33818,5942],{"class":106},[60,33820,1471],{"id":1470},[262,33822,1495,33824,4796],{"id":33823},"what-does-dictvalues-return-in-python",[15,33825,31977],{},[20,33827,17076,33828,33830],{},[15,33829,16696],{}," view object containing the dictionary's values.",[262,33832,1517,33834,23587],{"id":33833},"does-values-return-a-list",[15,33835,16729],{},[20,33837,23590,33838,23594],{},[15,33839,33840],{},"list(...)",[262,33842,25710,33844,2135],{"id":33843},"can-i-loop-through-dictvalues",[15,33845,31977],{},[20,33847,33848,33849,25718],{},"Yes. It is iterable, so you can use it in a ",[15,33850,5609],{},[262,33852,1517,33854,33856],{"id":33853},"does-dictvalues-change-if-the-dictionary-changes",[15,33855,31977],{}," change if the dictionary changes?",[20,33858,33859],{},"Yes. The returned view reflects updates to the dictionary.",[262,33861,33863,33864,33866,33867,2135],{"id":33862},"how-is-values-different-from-items","How is ",[15,33865,16729],{}," different from ",[15,33868,16736],{},[20,33870,33871,33873,33874,33876],{},[15,33872,16729],{}," returns only values. ",[15,33875,16736],{}," returns key-value pairs.",[60,33878,1527],{"id":1526},[30,33880,33881,33887,33893,33897,33903,33907],{},[33,33882,33883],{},[125,33884,10395,33885,10399],{"href":16720},[15,33886,16723],{},[33,33888,33889],{},[125,33890,10395,33891,10399],{"href":16733},[15,33892,16736],{},[33,33894,33895],{},[125,33896,10901],{"href":9047},[33,33898,33899],{},[125,33900,33902],{"href":33901},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-values-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all values from a dictionary in Python",[33,33904,33905],{},[125,33906,23672],{"href":32826},[33,33908,33909],{},[125,33910,30003,33911],{"href":25335},[15,33912,33913],{},"AttributeError: object has no attribute",[1566,33915,33916],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":70,"searchDepth":99,"depth":99,"links":33918},[33919,33920,33922,33923,33925,33926,33927,33928,33930,33941,33953],{"id":62,"depth":99,"text":63},{"id":32147,"depth":99,"text":33921},"What values() does",{"id":226,"depth":99,"text":227},{"id":32217,"depth":99,"text":33924},"What values() returns",{"id":356,"depth":99,"text":357},{"id":32696,"depth":99,"text":32697},{"id":32829,"depth":99,"text":32830},{"id":32988,"depth":99,"text":33929},"values() vs keys() vs items()",{"id":4169,"depth":99,"text":4170,"children":33931},[33932,33934,33936,33938,33940],{"id":33203,"depth":133,"text":33933},"Calling values() on the wrong type",{"id":33294,"depth":133,"text":33935},"Assuming values() returns a list",{"id":33428,"depth":133,"text":33937},"Trying to use an index directly on dict_values",{"id":33581,"depth":133,"text":33939},"Using values instead of values()",{"id":33677,"depth":133,"text":33678},{"id":1470,"depth":99,"text":1471,"children":33942},[33943,33945,33947,33949,33951],{"id":33823,"depth":133,"text":33944},"What does dict.values() return in Python?",{"id":33833,"depth":133,"text":33946},"Does values() return a list?",{"id":33843,"depth":133,"text":33948},"Can I loop through dict.values()?",{"id":33853,"depth":133,"text":33950},"Does dict.values() change if the dictionary changes?",{"id":33862,"depth":133,"text":33952},"How is values() different from items()?",{"id":1526,"depth":99,"text":1527},"Master python dictionary values method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":31964,"description":33954},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method","C7FI1a366YPc1nISHwbHD3SBOEKiby2QGVuyezuVqKU",{"id":33960,"title":33961,"body":33962,"description":35390,"extension":1610,"meta":35391,"navigation":407,"path":35392,"seo":35393,"stem":35394,"__hash__":35395},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained.md","Python dir() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":33963,"toc":35342},[33964,33970,33975,33978,33994,34003,34005,34037,34043,34046,34141,34144,34149,34154,34157,34168,34170,34184,34190,34192,34197,34203,34206,34245,34253,34258,34261,34306,34309,34321,34327,34333,34337,34368,34371,34389,34392,34396,34435,34437,34457,34460,34472,34477,34483,34486,34541,34544,34555,34558,34569,34572,34576,34582,34584,34614,34617,34632,34635,34638,34657,34660,34676,34685,34687,34718,34724,34729,34732,34739,34770,34773,34795,34798,34801,34815,34819,34850,34865,34872,34879,34883,34891,34895,34903,34906,34955,34966,34968,34971,34977,34982,34992,34996,34999,35002,35006,35009,35011,35032,35036,35042,35052,35058,35060,35066,35090,35093,35156,35159,35187,35190,35252,35254,35259,35262,35269,35277,35284,35287,35295,35301,35303,35330,35339],[10,33965,3223,33967,3227],{"id":33966},"python-dir-function-explained",[15,33968,33969],{},"dir()",[20,33971,31974,33972,33974],{},[15,33973,33969],{}," function is a simple inspection tool. It helps you see what names are available on an object, module, or in the current scope.",[20,33976,33977],{},"This is especially useful when you are:",[30,33979,33980,33983,33986,33991],{},[33,33981,33982],{},"learning Python",[33,33984,33985],{},"exploring a new object",[33,33987,33988,33989],{},"debugging an ",[15,33990,25328],{},[33,33992,33993],{},"checking what methods exist on a value",[20,33995,33996,33997,33999,34000],{},"In short, ",[15,33998,33969],{}," helps you answer the question: ",[332,34001,34002],{},"“What can I use here?”",[60,34004,63],{"id":62},[65,34006,34008],{"className":67,"code":34007,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"name = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(name))\n",[15,34009,34010,34022],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,34011,34012,34014,34016,34018,34020],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,34013,7533],{"class":80},[74,34015,85],{"class":84},[74,34017,89],{"class":88},[74,34019,3497],{"class":92},[74,34021,96],{"class":88},[74,34023,34024,34026,34028,34031,34033,34035],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,34025,103],{"class":102},[74,34027,107],{"class":106},[74,34029,34030],{"class":102},"dir",[74,34032,107],{"class":106},[74,34034,7323],{"class":110},[74,34036,130],{"class":106},[20,34038,176,34039,34042],{},[15,34040,34041],{},"dir(object)"," to see the attributes and methods available on that object.",[20,34044,34045],{},"Example output will include names such as:",[65,34047,34049],{"className":67,"code":34048,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__doc__', ..., 'lower', 'split', 'upper']\n",[15,34050,34051],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,34052,34053,34055,34057,34060,34062,34064,34066,34069,34071,34073,34075,34078,34080,34082,34084,34087,34089,34091,34093,34096,34098,34100,34102,34105,34107,34109,34113,34115,34117,34119,34121,34123,34125,34128,34130,34132,34134,34137,34139],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,34054,742],{"class":106},[74,34056,2946],{"class":88},[74,34058,34059],{"class":92},"__add__",[74,34061,2946],{"class":88},[74,34063,249],{"class":106},[74,34065,2941],{"class":88},[74,34067,34068],{"class":92},"__class__",[74,34070,2946],{"class":88},[74,34072,249],{"class":106},[74,34074,2941],{"class":88},[74,34076,34077],{"class":92},"__contains__",[74,34079,2946],{"class":88},[74,34081,249],{"class":106},[74,34083,2941],{"class":88},[74,34085,34086],{"class":92},"__delattr__",[74,34088,2946],{"class":88},[74,34090,249],{"class":106},[74,34092,2941],{"class":88},[74,34094,34095],{"class":92},"__dir__",[74,34097,2946],{"class":88},[74,34099,249],{"class":106},[74,34101,2941],{"class":88},[74,34103,34104],{"class":92},"__doc__",[74,34106,2946],{"class":88},[74,34108,249],{"class":106},[74,34110,34112],{"class":34111},"s_hVV"," ...",[74,34114,249],{"class":106},[74,34116,2941],{"class":88},[74,34118,885],{"class":92},[74,34120,2946],{"class":88},[74,34122,249],{"class":106},[74,34124,2941],{"class":88},[74,34126,34127],{"class":92},"split",[74,34129,2946],{"class":88},[74,34131,249],{"class":106},[74,34133,2941],{"class":88},[74,34135,34136],{"class":92},"upper",[74,34138,2946],{"class":88},[74,34140,3284],{"class":106},[20,34142,34143],{},"Notice that the result is a list of strings.",[60,34145,3328,34147,38],{"id":34146},"what-dir-does",[15,34148,33969],{},[20,34150,34151,34153],{},[15,34152,33969],{}," shows the names available on an object.",[20,34155,34156],{},"It usually includes:",[30,34158,34159,34162,34165],{},[33,34160,34161],{},"attributes",[33,34163,34164],{},"methods",[33,34166,34167],{},"special Python names",[20,34169,11117],{},[30,34171,34172,34178,34181],{},[33,34173,34174,34175],{},"The result is a ",[332,34176,34177],{},"list of strings",[33,34179,34180],{},"Each string is the name of something available on that object",[33,34182,34183],{},"It is often used for exploration and debugging",[20,34185,34186,34187,34189],{},"For example, if you want to know what you can do with a string, ",[15,34188,33969],{}," gives you a list of available names.",[60,34191,227],{"id":226},[20,34193,34194,34196],{},[15,34195,33969],{}," can be used in two main ways.",[262,34198,34200,34202],{"id":34199},"dir-with-no-argument",[15,34201,33969],{}," with no argument",[20,34204,34205],{},"This shows names in the current scope.",[65,34207,34209],{"className":67,"code":34208,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"x = 10\nname = \"Sam\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,34210,34211,34219,34231,34235],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,34212,34213,34215,34217],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,34214,2669],{"class":80},[74,34216,85],{"class":84},[74,34218,2231],{"class":167},[74,34220,34221,34223,34225,34227,34229],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,34222,7533],{"class":80},[74,34224,85],{"class":84},[74,34226,89],{"class":88},[74,34228,7332],{"class":92},[74,34230,96],{"class":88},[74,34232,34233],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,34234,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,34236,34237,34239,34241,34243],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,34238,103],{"class":102},[74,34240,107],{"class":106},[74,34242,34030],{"class":102},[74,34244,6848],{"class":106},[20,34246,34247,34248,51,34250,34252],{},"This will show names such as ",[15,34249,1816],{},[15,34251,7323],{},", along with other names available in that scope.",[262,34254,34256],{"id":34255},"dirobject",[15,34257,34041],{},[20,34259,34260],{},"This shows names related to a specific object.",[65,34262,34264],{"className":67,"code":34263,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(dir(\"hello\"))\nprint(dir([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,34265,34266,34284],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,34267,34268,34270,34272,34274,34276,34278,34280,34282],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,34269,103],{"class":102},[74,34271,107],{"class":106},[74,34273,34030],{"class":102},[74,34275,107],{"class":106},[74,34277,122],{"class":88},[74,34279,3497],{"class":92},[74,34281,122],{"class":88},[74,34283,130],{"class":106},[74,34285,34286,34288,34290,34292,34294,34296,34298,34300,34302,34304],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,34287,103],{"class":102},[74,34289,107],{"class":106},[74,34291,34030],{"class":102},[74,34293,2629],{"class":106},[74,34295,2632],{"class":167},[74,34297,249],{"class":106},[74,34299,620],{"class":167},[74,34301,249],{"class":106},[74,34303,2094],{"class":167},[74,34305,2643],{"class":106},[20,34307,34308],{},"Common objects you might inspect:",[30,34310,34311,34313,34315,34318],{},[33,34312,4958],{},[33,34314,4949],{},[33,34316,34317],{},"modules",[33,34319,34320],{},"custom objects",[60,34322,571,34324,34326],{"id":34323},"using-dir-with-a-value",[15,34325,33969],{}," with a value",[20,34328,34329,34330,34332],{},"A common use of ",[15,34331,33969],{}," is passing in a value to see what methods it has.",[262,34334,34336],{"id":34335},"example-string-methods","Example: string methods",[65,34338,34340],{"className":67,"code":34339,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(text))\n",[15,34341,34342,34354],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,34343,34344,34346,34348,34350,34352],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,34345,81],{"class":80},[74,34347,85],{"class":84},[74,34349,89],{"class":88},[74,34351,3497],{"class":92},[74,34353,96],{"class":88},[74,34355,34356,34358,34360,34362,34364,34366],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,34357,103],{"class":102},[74,34359,107],{"class":106},[74,34361,34030],{"class":102},[74,34363,107],{"class":106},[74,34365,111],{"class":110},[74,34367,130],{"class":106},[20,34369,34370],{},"You will see method names like:",[30,34372,34373,34377,34381,34385],{},[33,34374,34375],{},[15,34376,885],{},[33,34378,34379],{},[15,34380,34136],{},[33,34382,34383],{},[15,34384,34127],{},[33,34386,34387],{},[15,34388,8292],{},[20,34390,34391],{},"This tells you what operations are available for strings.",[262,34393,34395],{"id":34394},"example-list-methods","Example: list methods",[65,34397,34399],{"className":67,"code":34398,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(dir(numbers))\n",[15,34400,34401,34421],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,34402,34403,34405,34407,34409,34411,34413,34415,34417,34419],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,34404,3266],{"class":80},[74,34406,85],{"class":84},[74,34408,3271],{"class":106},[74,34410,2632],{"class":167},[74,34412,249],{"class":106},[74,34414,620],{"class":167},[74,34416,249],{"class":106},[74,34418,2094],{"class":167},[74,34420,3284],{"class":106},[74,34422,34423,34425,34427,34429,34431,34433],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,34424,103],{"class":102},[74,34426,107],{"class":106},[74,34428,34030],{"class":102},[74,34430,107],{"class":106},[74,34432,3298],{"class":110},[74,34434,130],{"class":106},[20,34436,34370],{},[30,34438,34439,34443,34447,34452],{},[33,34440,34441],{},[15,34442,13210],{},[33,34444,34445],{},[15,34446,25895],{},[33,34448,34449],{},[15,34450,34451],{},"remove",[33,34453,34454],{},[15,34455,34456],{},"sort",[20,34458,34459],{},"This is a good way to discover what you can do with a list.",[20,34461,34462,34463,34468,34469,34471],{},"If you are not sure what kind of object you have, ",[125,34464,34466],{"href":34465},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained",[15,34467,1943],{}," can help first. Then ",[15,34470,33969],{}," can show what names are available on that object.",[60,34473,571,34475,34202],{"id":34474},"using-dir-with-no-argument",[15,34476,33969],{},[20,34478,34479,34480,34482],{},"When used with no argument, ",[15,34481,33969],{}," shows names currently defined in your local scope.",[20,34484,34485],{},"This is useful when working in the Python shell.",[65,34487,34489],{"className":67,"code":34488,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"x = 5\n\ndef greet():\n    return \"Hello\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,34490,34491,34500,34504,34515,34527,34531],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,34492,34493,34495,34497],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,34494,2669],{"class":80},[74,34496,85],{"class":84},[74,34498,34499],{"class":167}," 5\n",[74,34501,34502],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,34503,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,34505,34506,34509,34513],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,34507,34508],{"class":1711},"def",[74,34510,34512],{"class":34511},"sGLFI"," greet",[74,34514,21251],{"class":106},[74,34516,34517,34520,34522,34525],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,34518,34519],{"class":3529},"    return",[74,34521,89],{"class":88},[74,34523,34524],{"class":92},"Hello",[74,34526,96],{"class":88},[74,34528,34529],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,34530,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,34532,34533,34535,34537,34539],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,34534,103],{"class":102},[74,34536,107],{"class":106},[74,34538,34030],{"class":102},[74,34540,6848],{"class":106},[20,34542,34543],{},"The output will include names like:",[30,34545,34546,34550],{},[33,34547,34548],{},[15,34549,1816],{},[33,34551,34552],{},[15,34553,34554],{},"greet",[20,34556,34557],{},"This is helpful for checking:",[30,34559,34560,34563,34566],{},[33,34561,34562],{},"what variables exist",[33,34564,34565],{},"what functions you have defined",[33,34567,34568],{},"what names are currently available",[20,34570,34571],{},"It is especially useful while experimenting in the interactive Python shell.",[60,34573,34575],{"id":34574},"how-to-read-the-output","How to read the output",[20,34577,34578,34579,34581],{},"When you first use ",[15,34580,33969],{},", the output can look overwhelming.",[20,34583,506],{},[65,34585,34586],{"className":67,"code":34339,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,34587,34588,34600],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,34589,34590,34592,34594,34596,34598],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,34591,81],{"class":80},[74,34593,85],{"class":84},[74,34595,89],{"class":88},[74,34597,3497],{"class":92},[74,34599,96],{"class":88},[74,34601,34602,34604,34606,34608,34610,34612],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,34603,103],{"class":102},[74,34605,107],{"class":106},[74,34607,34030],{"class":102},[74,34609,107],{"class":106},[74,34611,111],{"class":110},[74,34613,130],{"class":106},[20,34615,34616],{},"You will probably see many names that start and end with double underscores, such as:",[30,34618,34619,34623,34627],{},[33,34620,34621],{},[15,34622,34068],{},[33,34624,34625],{},[15,34626,34104],{},[33,34628,34629],{},[15,34630,34631],{},"__len__",[20,34633,34634],{},"These are special Python names used by the language itself.",[20,34636,34637],{},"As a beginner, it is usually better to focus first on regular method names such as:",[30,34639,34640,34644,34648,34652],{},[33,34641,34642],{},[15,34643,34136],{},[33,34645,34646],{},[15,34647,885],{},[33,34649,34650],{},[15,34651,34127],{},[33,34653,34654],{},[15,34655,34656],{},"replace",[20,34658,34659],{},"A key point to remember:",[30,34661,34662,34670],{},[33,34663,34664,34666,34667],{},[15,34665,33969],{}," lists ",[332,34668,34669],{},"names only",[33,34671,34672,34673,34675],{},"it does ",[332,34674,334],{}," explain what each name does",[20,34677,34678,34679,114],{},"If you want an explanation of a method, use ",[125,34680,34682],{"href":34681},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained",[15,34683,34684],{},"help()",[20,34686,5122],{},[65,34688,34690],{"className":67,"code":34689,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"name = \"hello\"\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,34691,34692,34704],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,34693,34694,34696,34698,34700,34702],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,34695,7533],{"class":80},[74,34697,85],{"class":84},[74,34699,89],{"class":88},[74,34701,3497],{"class":92},[74,34703,96],{"class":88},[74,34705,34706,34708,34710,34712,34714,34716],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,34707,31809],{"class":102},[74,34709,107],{"class":106},[74,34711,7323],{"class":110},[74,34713,114],{"class":106},[74,34715,34136],{"class":24406},[74,34717,260],{"class":106},[60,34719,34721,34723],{"id":34720},"dir-on-modules",[15,34722,33969],{}," on modules",[20,34725,15372,34726,34728],{},[15,34727,33969],{}," on modules after importing them.",[20,34730,34731],{},"This is useful when you want to explore what a module provides.",[262,34733,34735,34736,34738],{"id":34734},"example-math-module","Example: ",[15,34737,18071],{}," module",[65,34740,34742],{"className":67,"code":34741,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"import math\n\nprint(dir(math))\n",[15,34743,34744,34752,34756],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,34745,34746,34749],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,34747,34748],{"class":3529},"import",[74,34750,34751],{"class":80}," math\n",[74,34753,34754],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,34755,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,34757,34758,34760,34762,34764,34766,34768],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,34759,103],{"class":102},[74,34761,107],{"class":106},[74,34763,34030],{"class":102},[74,34765,107],{"class":106},[74,34767,18071],{"class":110},[74,34769,130],{"class":106},[20,34771,34772],{},"You may see names like:",[30,34774,34775,34780,34785,34790],{},[33,34776,34777],{},[15,34778,34779],{},"sqrt",[33,34781,34782],{},[15,34783,34784],{},"ceil",[33,34786,34787],{},[15,34788,34789],{},"floor",[33,34791,34792],{},[15,34793,34794],{},"pi",[20,34796,34797],{},"This helps you discover available functions and constants.",[20,34799,34800],{},"If you are exploring modules, these pages may help too:",[30,34802,34803,34809],{},[33,34804,34805],{},[125,34806,34808],{"href":34807},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-modules-explained","Python modules explained",[33,34810,34811],{},[125,34812,34814],{"href":34813},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview","Python math module overview",[262,34816,34818],{"id":34817},"another-example","Another example",[65,34820,34822],{"className":67,"code":34821,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"import json\n\nprint(dir(json))\n",[15,34823,34824,34831,34835],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,34825,34826,34828],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,34827,34748],{"class":3529},[74,34829,34830],{"class":80}," json\n",[74,34832,34833],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,34834,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,34836,34837,34839,34841,34843,34845,34848],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,34838,103],{"class":102},[74,34840,107],{"class":106},[74,34842,34030],{"class":102},[74,34844,107],{"class":106},[74,34846,34847],{"class":110},"json",[74,34849,130],{"class":106},[20,34851,34852,34853,220,34856,220,34859,16730,34862,114],{},"This can help you quickly spot useful names such as ",[15,34854,34855],{},"dump",[15,34857,34858],{},"dumps",[15,34860,34861],{},"load",[15,34863,34864],{},"loads",[60,34866,34868,10243,34870],{"id":34867},"dir-vs-help",[15,34869,33969],{},[15,34871,34684],{},[20,34873,34874,51,34876,34878],{},[15,34875,33969],{},[15,34877,34684],{}," are often used together.",[262,34880,34881],{"id":34030},[15,34882,33969],{},[30,34884,34885,34888],{},[33,34886,34887],{},"shows available names",[33,34889,34890],{},"helps you discover methods and attributes",[262,34892,34893],{"id":31809},[15,34894,34684],{},[30,34896,34897,34900],{},[33,34898,34899],{},"explains what an object or function does",[33,34901,34902],{},"shows usage details and documentation",[20,34904,34905],{},"A common beginner workflow looks like this:",[65,34907,34909],{"className":67,"code":34908,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,34910,34911,34923,34927,34941],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,34912,34913,34915,34917,34919,34921],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,34914,7533],{"class":80},[74,34916,85],{"class":84},[74,34918,89],{"class":88},[74,34920,3497],{"class":92},[74,34922,96],{"class":88},[74,34924,34925],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,34926,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,34928,34929,34931,34933,34935,34937,34939],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,34930,103],{"class":102},[74,34932,107],{"class":106},[74,34934,34030],{"class":102},[74,34936,107],{"class":106},[74,34938,7323],{"class":110},[74,34940,130],{"class":106},[74,34942,34943,34945,34947,34949,34951,34953],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,34944,31809],{"class":102},[74,34946,107],{"class":106},[74,34948,7323],{"class":110},[74,34950,114],{"class":106},[74,34952,34136],{"class":24406},[74,34954,260],{"class":106},[20,34956,176,34957,34959,34960,34962,34963,34965],{},[15,34958,33969],{}," first to find a method name.",[9503,34961],{},"\nThen use ",[15,34964,34684],{}," to understand how to use it.",[60,34967,25014],{"id":25013},[20,34969,34970],{},"Here are a few things that often confuse beginners.",[262,34972,34974,34976],{"id":34973},"dir-returns-names-not-values",[15,34975,33969],{}," returns names, not values",[20,34978,34979,34981],{},[15,34980,33969],{}," does not give you the actual value of an attribute. It only gives you its name.",[20,34983,34984,34985,34987,34988,34991],{},"For example, seeing ",[15,34986,34136],{}," in ",[15,34989,34990],{},"dir(\"hello\")"," does not run the method. It only tells you the method exists.",[262,34993,34995],{"id":34994},"not-every-name-is-for-everyday-use","Not every name is for everyday use",[20,34997,34998],{},"Many names in the output are special Python internals, especially names with double underscores.",[20,35000,35001],{},"Beginners usually do not need most of these right away.",[262,35003,35005],{"id":35004},"output-can-vary","Output can vary",[20,35007,35008],{},"The exact output depends on the object type.",[20,35010,5122],{},[30,35012,35013,35018,35024],{},[33,35014,35015,35017],{},[15,35016,34990],{}," shows string-related names",[33,35019,35020,35023],{},[15,35021,35022],{},"dir([1, 2, 3])"," shows list-related names",[33,35025,35026,35029,35030,34738],{},[15,35027,35028],{},"dir(math)"," shows names from the ",[15,35031,18071],{},[262,35033,35035],{"id":35034},"a-name-existing-does-not-mean-you-know-how-to-call-it","A name existing does not mean you know how to call it",[20,35037,35038,35039,35041],{},"Just because a method appears in ",[15,35040,33969],{}," does not mean you already know:",[30,35043,35044,35047,35050],{},[33,35045,35046],{},"what it does",[33,35048,35049],{},"what arguments it needs",[33,35051,44],{},[20,35053,35054,35055,35057],{},"That is why ",[15,35056,34684],{}," is the natural next step.",[60,35059,914],{"id":913},[20,35061,35062,35063,35065],{},"Beginners often use ",[15,35064,33969],{}," in these situations:",[30,35067,35068,35071,35080,35083],{},[33,35069,35070],{},"Trying to understand what methods are available on a string, list, or dictionary",[33,35072,35073,35074,35079],{},"Seeing an ",[125,35075,35077],{"href":35076},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix",[15,35078,25328],{}," and wanting to check valid attribute names",[33,35081,35082],{},"Exploring a module without knowing its functions",[33,35084,571,35085,35087,35088],{},[15,35086,33969],{}," output without following up with documentation or ",[15,35089,34684],{},[20,35091,35092],{},"A simple debugging workflow is:",[65,35094,35096],{"className":67,"code":35095,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(type(name))\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35097,35098,35110,35114,35128,35142],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,35099,35100,35102,35104,35106,35108],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,35101,7533],{"class":80},[74,35103,85],{"class":84},[74,35105,89],{"class":88},[74,35107,3497],{"class":92},[74,35109,96],{"class":88},[74,35111,35112],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,35113,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,35115,35116,35118,35120,35122,35124,35126],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,35117,103],{"class":102},[74,35119,107],{"class":106},[74,35121,1346],{"class":1345},[74,35123,107],{"class":106},[74,35125,7323],{"class":110},[74,35127,130],{"class":106},[74,35129,35130,35132,35134,35136,35138,35140],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,35131,103],{"class":102},[74,35133,107],{"class":106},[74,35135,34030],{"class":102},[74,35137,107],{"class":106},[74,35139,7323],{"class":110},[74,35141,130],{"class":106},[74,35143,35144,35146,35148,35150,35152,35154],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,35145,31809],{"class":102},[74,35147,107],{"class":106},[74,35149,7323],{"class":110},[74,35151,114],{"class":106},[74,35153,34136],{"class":24406},[74,35155,260],{"class":106},[20,35157,35158],{},"And for modules:",[65,35160,35161],{"className":67,"code":34741,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,35162,35163,35169,35173],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,35164,35165,35167],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,35166,34748],{"class":3529},[74,35168,34751],{"class":80},[74,35170,35171],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,35172,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,35174,35175,35177,35179,35181,35183,35185],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,35176,103],{"class":102},[74,35178,107],{"class":106},[74,35180,34030],{"class":102},[74,35182,107],{"class":106},[74,35184,18071],{"class":110},[74,35186,130],{"class":106},[20,35188,35189],{},"You can try the same commands in the Python shell:",[65,35191,35193],{"className":67,"code":35192,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"python\nname = \"hello\"\ndir(name)\nhelp(name.upper)\nimport math\ndir(math)\n",[15,35194,35195,35200,35212,35222,35236,35242],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,35196,35197],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,35198,35199],{"class":80},"python\n",[74,35201,35202,35204,35206,35208,35210],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,35203,7533],{"class":80},[74,35205,85],{"class":84},[74,35207,89],{"class":88},[74,35209,3497],{"class":92},[74,35211,96],{"class":88},[74,35213,35214,35216,35218,35220],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,35215,34030],{"class":102},[74,35217,107],{"class":106},[74,35219,7323],{"class":110},[74,35221,260],{"class":106},[74,35223,35224,35226,35228,35230,35232,35234],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,35225,31809],{"class":102},[74,35227,107],{"class":106},[74,35229,7323],{"class":110},[74,35231,114],{"class":106},[74,35233,34136],{"class":24406},[74,35235,260],{"class":106},[74,35237,35238,35240],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,35239,34748],{"class":3529},[74,35241,34751],{"class":80},[74,35243,35244,35246,35248,35250],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,35245,34030],{"class":102},[74,35247,107],{"class":106},[74,35249,18071],{"class":110},[74,35251,260],{"class":106},[60,35253,1471],{"id":1470},[262,35255,1495,35257,4796],{"id":35256},"what-does-dir-return-in-python",[15,35258,33969],{},[20,35260,35261],{},"It returns a list of strings containing attribute and method names for an object, or names in the current scope when called with no argument.",[262,35263,4828,35265,51,35267,2135],{"id":35264},"what-is-the-difference-between-dir-and-help",[15,35266,33969],{},[15,35268,34684],{},[20,35270,35271,35273,35274,35276],{},[15,35272,33969],{}," lists available names. ",[15,35275,34684],{}," gives documentation and usage details.",[262,35278,35280,35281,35283],{"id":35279},"why-do-i-see-names-with-double-underscores-in-dir-output","Why do I see names with double underscores in ",[15,35282,33969],{}," output?",[20,35285,35286],{},"Those are special Python attributes and methods used internally by the language.",[262,35288,1507,35290,35292,35293,2135],{"id":35289},"can-dir-help-fix-attributeerror",[15,35291,33969],{}," help fix ",[15,35294,25328],{},[20,35296,35297,35298,114],{},"Yes. It can show which attribute names actually exist on an object. This makes it useful when debugging an error like ",[125,35299,35300],{"href":35076},"object has no attribute",[60,35302,1527],{"id":1526},[30,35304,35305,35311,35316,35320,35324],{},[33,35306,35307],{},[125,35308,3223,35309,3156],{"href":34681},[15,35310,34684],{},[33,35312,35313],{},[125,35314,35315],{"href":35076},"AttributeError: object has no attribute fix",[33,35317,35318],{},[125,35319,34808],{"href":34807},[33,35321,35322],{},[125,35323,34814],{"href":34813},[33,35325,35326],{},[125,35327,3223,35328,3156],{"href":34465},[15,35329,1943],{},[20,35331,35332,35333,35335,35336,35338],{},"A good habit is to use ",[15,35334,33969],{}," together with ",[15,35337,34684],{}," in the Python shell. It is one of the fastest ways to explore objects and learn Python methods as you go.",[1566,35340,35341],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":70,"searchDepth":99,"depth":99,"links":35343},[35344,35345,35347,35352,35357,35359,35360,35366,35371,35378,35379,35389],{"id":62,"depth":99,"text":63},{"id":34146,"depth":99,"text":35346},"What dir() does",{"id":226,"depth":99,"text":227,"children":35348},[35349,35351],{"id":34199,"depth":133,"text":35350},"dir() with no argument",{"id":34255,"depth":133,"text":34041},{"id":34323,"depth":99,"text":35353,"children":35354},"Using dir() with a value",[35355,35356],{"id":34335,"depth":133,"text":34336},{"id":34394,"depth":133,"text":34395},{"id":34474,"depth":99,"text":35358},"Using dir() with no argument",{"id":34574,"depth":99,"text":34575},{"id":34720,"depth":99,"text":35361,"children":35362},"dir() on modules",[35363,35365],{"id":34734,"depth":133,"text":35364},"Example: math module",{"id":34817,"depth":133,"text":34818},{"id":34867,"depth":99,"text":35367,"children":35368},"dir() vs help()",[35369,35370],{"id":34030,"depth":133,"text":33969},{"id":31809,"depth":133,"text":34684},{"id":25013,"depth":99,"text":25014,"children":35372},[35373,35375,35376,35377],{"id":34973,"depth":133,"text":35374},"dir() returns names, not values",{"id":34994,"depth":133,"text":34995},{"id":35004,"depth":133,"text":35005},{"id":35034,"depth":133,"text":35035},{"id":913,"depth":99,"text":914},{"id":1470,"depth":99,"text":1471,"children":35380},[35381,35383,35385,35387],{"id":35256,"depth":133,"text":35382},"What does dir() return in Python?",{"id":35264,"depth":133,"text":35384},"What is the difference between dir() and help()?",{"id":35279,"depth":133,"text":35386},"Why do I see names with double underscores in dir() output?",{"id":35289,"depth":133,"text":35388},"Can dir() help fix AttributeError?",{"id":1526,"depth":99,"text":1527},"Master python dir function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained",{"title":33961,"description":35390},"reference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained","GdcucA4RY69afXDO9saBTHeJ2twMUyCItdFzeLoSsyo",{"id":35397,"title":35398,"body":35399,"description":37215,"extension":1610,"meta":37216,"navigation":407,"path":37217,"seo":37218,"stem":37219,"__hash__":37220},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained.md","Python enumerate() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":35400,"toc":37184},[35401,35407,35412,35415,35423,35429,35431,35511,35513,35539,35544,35549,35554,35557,35568,35571,35573,35652,35654,35680,35687,35689,35691,35715,35718,35730,35735,35737,35818,35820,35846,35855,35860,35868,35874,35881,35884,35886,35965,35968,36025,36027,36064,36070,36075,36080,36083,36097,36099,36202,36204,36247,36256,36266,36273,36279,36286,36369,36371,36394,36397,36400,36402,36406,36410,36413,36476,36499,36502,36506,36512,36514,36581,36584,36661,36666,36672,36675,36678,36723,36725,36749,36754,36758,36763,36769,36832,36835,36837,36840,36864,36867,37002,37004,37105,37107,37112,37115,37121,37131,37139,37144,37150,37156,37158,37181],[10,35402,3223,35404,3227],{"id":35403},"python-enumerate-function-explained",[15,35405,35406],{},"enumerate()",[20,35408,35409,35411],{},[15,35410,35406],{}," is a built-in Python function that helps you loop through items while also keeping track of their position.",[20,35413,35414],{},"It is useful when you need both:",[30,35416,35417,35420],{},[33,35418,35419],{},"the item itself",[33,35421,35422],{},"its index in the loop",[20,35424,35425,35426,35428],{},"Beginners often use a manual counter variable for this, but ",[15,35427,35406],{}," is usually cleaner and easier to read.",[60,35430,63],{"id":62},[65,35432,35434],{"className":67,"code":35433,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,35435,35436,35468,35472,35495],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,35437,35438,35440,35442,35444,35446,35448,35450,35452,35454,35456,35458,35460,35462,35464,35466],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,35439,12732],{"class":80},[74,35441,85],{"class":84},[74,35443,3271],{"class":106},[74,35445,122],{"class":88},[74,35447,12749],{"class":92},[74,35449,122],{"class":88},[74,35451,249],{"class":106},[74,35453,89],{"class":88},[74,35455,17110],{"class":92},[74,35457,122],{"class":88},[74,35459,249],{"class":106},[74,35461,89],{"class":88},[74,35463,12766],{"class":92},[74,35465,122],{"class":88},[74,35467,3284],{"class":106},[74,35469,35470],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,35471,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,35473,35474,35476,35479,35481,35484,35486,35489,35491,35493],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,35475,5609],{"class":3529},[74,35477,35478],{"class":80}," index",[74,35480,249],{"class":106},[74,35482,35483],{"class":80}," color ",[74,35485,351],{"class":3529},[74,35487,35488],{"class":102}," enumerate",[74,35490,107],{"class":106},[74,35492,17157],{"class":110},[74,35494,8000],{"class":106},[74,35496,35497,35499,35501,35504,35506,35509],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,35498,7726],{"class":102},[74,35500,107],{"class":106},[74,35502,35503],{"class":110},"index",[74,35505,249],{"class":106},[74,35507,35508],{"class":110}," color",[74,35510,260],{"class":106},[20,35512,157],{},[65,35514,35516],{"className":67,"code":35515,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"0 red\n1 green\n2 blue\n",[15,35517,35518,35525,35532],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,35519,35520,35522],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,35521,327],{"class":167},[74,35523,35524],{"class":80}," red\n",[74,35526,35527,35529],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,35528,2632],{"class":167},[74,35530,35531],{"class":80}," green\n",[74,35533,35534,35536],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,35535,687],{"class":167},[74,35537,35538],{"class":80}," blue\n",[20,35540,176,35541,35543],{},[15,35542,35406],{}," when you need both the item and its position in a loop.",[60,35545,3328,35547,38],{"id":35546},"what-enumerate-does",[15,35548,35406],{},[20,35550,35551,35553],{},[15,35552,35406],{}," lets you loop over an iterable and get both the index and the value at the same time.",[20,35555,35556],{},"It is commonly used with:",[30,35558,35559,35561,35563,35565],{},[33,35560,4949],{},[33,35562,4952],{},[33,35564,4958],{},[33,35566,35567],{},"other iterable objects",[20,35569,35570],{},"This helps you avoid writing and updating your own counter variable.",[20,35572,506],{},[65,35574,35576],{"className":67,"code":35575,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor index, name in enumerate(names):\n    print(index, name)\n",[15,35577,35578,35612,35616,35637],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,35579,35580,35582,35584,35586,35588,35590,35592,35594,35596,35599,35601,35603,35605,35608,35610],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,35581,4646],{"class":80},[74,35583,85],{"class":84},[74,35585,3271],{"class":106},[74,35587,122],{"class":88},[74,35589,12539],{"class":92},[74,35591,122],{"class":88},[74,35593,249],{"class":106},[74,35595,89],{"class":88},[74,35597,35598],{"class":92},"Ben",[74,35600,122],{"class":88},[74,35602,249],{"class":106},[74,35604,89],{"class":88},[74,35606,35607],{"class":92},"Cara",[74,35609,122],{"class":88},[74,35611,3284],{"class":106},[74,35613,35614],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,35615,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,35617,35618,35620,35622,35624,35627,35629,35631,35633,35635],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,35619,5609],{"class":3529},[74,35621,35478],{"class":80},[74,35623,249],{"class":106},[74,35625,35626],{"class":80}," name ",[74,35628,351],{"class":3529},[74,35630,35488],{"class":102},[74,35632,107],{"class":106},[74,35634,4690],{"class":110},[74,35636,8000],{"class":106},[74,35638,35639,35641,35643,35645,35647,35650],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,35640,7726],{"class":102},[74,35642,107],{"class":106},[74,35644,35503],{"class":110},[74,35646,249],{"class":106},[74,35648,35649],{"class":110}," name",[74,35651,260],{"class":106},[20,35653,157],{},[65,35655,35657],{"className":67,"code":35656,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"0 Ana\n1 Ben\n2 Cara\n",[15,35658,35659,35666,35673],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,35660,35661,35663],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,35662,327],{"class":167},[74,35664,35665],{"class":80}," Ana\n",[74,35667,35668,35670],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,35669,2632],{"class":167},[74,35671,35672],{"class":80}," Ben\n",[74,35674,35675,35677],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,35676,687],{"class":167},[74,35678,35679],{"class":80}," Cara\n",[20,35681,35682,35683,114],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with loops, see ",[125,35684,35686],{"href":35685},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained\u002F","Python for loops explained",[60,35688,227],{"id":226},[20,35690,1802],{},[65,35692,35694],{"className":67,"code":35693,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"enumerate(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,35695,35696],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,35697,35698,35701,35703,35705,35707,35709,35711,35713],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,35699,35700],{"class":102},"enumerate",[74,35702,107],{"class":106},[74,35704,3371],{"class":110},[74,35706,249],{"class":106},[74,35708,252],{"class":8831},[74,35710,85],{"class":84},[74,35712,327],{"class":167},[74,35714,260],{"class":106},[20,35716,35717],{},"It has two parts:",[30,35719,35720,35725],{},[33,35721,35722,35724],{},[15,35723,3371],{},": the object you want to loop through",[33,35726,35727,35729],{},[15,35728,50],{},": the number to begin counting from",[20,35731,35732,35733,114],{},"By default, counting starts at ",[15,35734,327],{},[20,35736,506],{},[65,35738,35740],{"className":67,"code":35739,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i, letter in enumerate(letters):\n    print(i, letter)\n",[15,35741,35742,35775,35779,35802],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,35743,35744,35747,35749,35751,35753,35755,35757,35759,35761,35763,35765,35767,35769,35771,35773],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,35745,35746],{"class":80},"letters ",[74,35748,85],{"class":84},[74,35750,3271],{"class":106},[74,35752,122],{"class":88},[74,35754,125],{"class":92},[74,35756,122],{"class":88},[74,35758,249],{"class":106},[74,35760,89],{"class":88},[74,35762,4412],{"class":92},[74,35764,122],{"class":88},[74,35766,249],{"class":106},[74,35768,89],{"class":88},[74,35770,9396],{"class":92},[74,35772,122],{"class":88},[74,35774,3284],{"class":106},[74,35776,35777],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,35778,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,35780,35781,35783,35786,35788,35791,35793,35795,35797,35800],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,35782,5609],{"class":3529},[74,35784,35785],{"class":80}," i",[74,35787,249],{"class":106},[74,35789,35790],{"class":80}," letter ",[74,35792,351],{"class":3529},[74,35794,35488],{"class":102},[74,35796,107],{"class":106},[74,35798,35799],{"class":110},"letters",[74,35801,8000],{"class":106},[74,35803,35804,35806,35808,35811,35813,35816],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,35805,7726],{"class":102},[74,35807,107],{"class":106},[74,35809,35810],{"class":110},"i",[74,35812,249],{"class":106},[74,35814,35815],{"class":110}," letter",[74,35817,260],{"class":106},[20,35819,157],{},[65,35821,35823],{"className":67,"code":35822,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"0 a\n1 b\n2 c\n",[15,35824,35825,35832,35839],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,35826,35827,35829],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,35828,327],{"class":167},[74,35830,35831],{"class":80}," a\n",[74,35833,35834,35836],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,35835,2632],{"class":167},[74,35837,35838],{"class":80}," b\n",[74,35840,35841,35843],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,35842,687],{"class":167},[74,35844,35845],{"class":80}," c\n",[20,35847,35848,35849,114],{},"If you want to compare this with another counting tool, see the ",[125,35850,3223,35852,3156],{"href":35851},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained\u002F",[15,35853,35854],{},"range()",[60,35856,3328,35858,11363],{"id":35857},"what-enumerate-returns",[15,35859,35406],{},[20,35861,35862,35864,35865,114],{},[15,35863,35406],{}," returns an ",[332,35866,35867],{},"enumerate object",[20,35869,35870,35871,35873],{},"In most cases, you use it directly in a ",[15,35872,5609],{}," loop. Each step of the loop gives you a pair:",[30,35875,35876],{},[33,35877,35878],{},[15,35879,35880],{},"(index, item)",[20,35882,35883],{},"You usually unpack that pair into two variables.",[20,35885,506],{},[65,35887,35889],{"className":67,"code":35888,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\n\nfor index, fruit in enumerate(fruits):\n    print(index, fruit)\n",[15,35890,35891,35924,35928,35950],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,35892,35893,35896,35898,35900,35902,35904,35906,35908,35910,35912,35914,35916,35918,35920,35922],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,35894,35895],{"class":80},"fruits ",[74,35897,85],{"class":84},[74,35899,3271],{"class":106},[74,35901,122],{"class":88},[74,35903,376],{"class":92},[74,35905,122],{"class":88},[74,35907,249],{"class":106},[74,35909,89],{"class":88},[74,35911,93],{"class":92},[74,35913,122],{"class":88},[74,35915,249],{"class":106},[74,35917,89],{"class":88},[74,35919,32878],{"class":92},[74,35921,122],{"class":88},[74,35923,3284],{"class":106},[74,35925,35926],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,35927,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,35929,35930,35932,35934,35936,35939,35941,35943,35945,35948],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,35931,5609],{"class":3529},[74,35933,35478],{"class":80},[74,35935,249],{"class":106},[74,35937,35938],{"class":80}," fruit ",[74,35940,351],{"class":3529},[74,35942,35488],{"class":102},[74,35944,107],{"class":106},[74,35946,35947],{"class":110},"fruits",[74,35949,8000],{"class":106},[74,35951,35952,35954,35956,35958,35960,35963],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,35953,7726],{"class":102},[74,35955,107],{"class":106},[74,35957,35503],{"class":110},[74,35959,249],{"class":106},[74,35961,35962],{"class":110}," fruit",[74,35964,260],{"class":106},[20,35966,35967],{},"You can also convert the result to a list if you want to see all the pairs at once:",[65,35969,35971],{"className":67,"code":35970,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = list(enumerate(numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,35972,35973,35993,35997,36015],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,35974,35975,35977,35979,35981,35983,35985,35987,35989,35991],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,35976,3266],{"class":80},[74,35978,85],{"class":84},[74,35980,3271],{"class":106},[74,35982,1972],{"class":167},[74,35984,249],{"class":106},[74,35986,7446],{"class":167},[74,35988,249],{"class":106},[74,35990,7451],{"class":167},[74,35992,3284],{"class":106},[74,35994,35995],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,35996,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,35998,35999,36001,36003,36005,36007,36009,36011,36013],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,36000,383],{"class":80},[74,36002,85],{"class":84},[74,36004,22216],{"class":1345},[74,36006,107],{"class":106},[74,36008,35700],{"class":102},[74,36010,107],{"class":106},[74,36012,3298],{"class":110},[74,36014,130],{"class":106},[74,36016,36017,36019,36021,36023],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,36018,103],{"class":102},[74,36020,107],{"class":106},[74,36022,418],{"class":110},[74,36024,260],{"class":106},[20,36026,157],{},[65,36028,36030],{"className":67,"code":36029,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n",[15,36031,36032],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,36033,36034,36036,36038,36040,36042,36044,36046,36048,36050,36052,36054,36056,36058,36060,36062],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,36035,21396],{"class":106},[74,36037,327],{"class":167},[74,36039,249],{"class":106},[74,36041,5656],{"class":167},[74,36043,8889],{"class":106},[74,36045,8892],{"class":106},[74,36047,2632],{"class":167},[74,36049,249],{"class":106},[74,36051,7446],{"class":167},[74,36053,8889],{"class":106},[74,36055,8892],{"class":106},[74,36057,687],{"class":167},[74,36059,249],{"class":106},[74,36061,7451],{"class":167},[74,36063,8905],{"class":106},[20,36065,36066,36067,36069],{},"This is a good way to understand what ",[15,36068,35406],{}," produces.",[60,36071,1260,36073],{"id":36072},"when-to-use-enumerate",[15,36074,35406],{},[20,36076,176,36077,36079],{},[15,36078,35406],{}," when you need the item number while looping.",[20,36081,36082],{},"Common cases:",[30,36084,36085,36088,36091,36094],{},[33,36086,36087],{},"printing numbered output",[33,36089,36090],{},"building menus",[33,36092,36093],{},"showing positions in a list",[33,36095,36096],{},"looping over both index and value together",[20,36098,506],{},[65,36100,36102],{"className":67,"code":36101,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"tasks = [\"Wash dishes\", \"Study Python\", \"Go for a walk\"]\n\nfor number, task in enumerate(tasks, start=1):\n    print(f\"{number}. {task}\")\n",[15,36103,36104,36139,36143,36173],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,36105,36106,36108,36110,36112,36114,36117,36119,36121,36123,36126,36128,36130,36132,36135,36137],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,36107,29553],{"class":80},[74,36109,85],{"class":84},[74,36111,3271],{"class":106},[74,36113,122],{"class":88},[74,36115,36116],{"class":92},"Wash dishes",[74,36118,122],{"class":88},[74,36120,249],{"class":106},[74,36122,89],{"class":88},[74,36124,36125],{"class":92},"Study Python",[74,36127,122],{"class":88},[74,36129,249],{"class":106},[74,36131,89],{"class":88},[74,36133,36134],{"class":92},"Go for a walk",[74,36136,122],{"class":88},[74,36138,3284],{"class":106},[74,36140,36141],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,36142,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,36144,36145,36147,36149,36151,36154,36156,36158,36160,36163,36165,36167,36169,36171],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,36146,5609],{"class":3529},[74,36148,1839],{"class":80},[74,36150,249],{"class":106},[74,36152,36153],{"class":80}," task ",[74,36155,351],{"class":3529},[74,36157,35488],{"class":102},[74,36159,107],{"class":106},[74,36161,36162],{"class":110},"tasks",[74,36164,249],{"class":106},[74,36166,252],{"class":8831},[74,36168,85],{"class":84},[74,36170,2632],{"class":167},[74,36172,8000],{"class":106},[74,36174,36175,36177,36179,36181,36183,36185,36187,36189,36191,36193,36196,36198,36200],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,36176,7726],{"class":102},[74,36178,107],{"class":106},[74,36180,21950],{"class":1711},[74,36182,122],{"class":92},[74,36184,8934],{"class":167},[74,36186,1881],{"class":110},[74,36188,21959],{"class":167},[74,36190,27968],{"class":92},[74,36192,8934],{"class":167},[74,36194,36195],{"class":110},"task",[74,36197,21959],{"class":167},[74,36199,122],{"class":92},[74,36201,260],{"class":106},[20,36203,157],{},[65,36205,36207],{"className":67,"code":36206,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"1. Wash dishes\n2. Study Python\n3. Go for a walk\n",[15,36208,36209,36221,36233],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,36210,36211,36213,36215,36218],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,36212,2632],{"class":167},[74,36214,114],{"class":106},[74,36216,36217],{"class":24406}," Wash",[74,36219,36220],{"class":80}," dishes\n",[74,36222,36223,36225,36227,36230],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,36224,687],{"class":167},[74,36226,114],{"class":106},[74,36228,36229],{"class":24406}," Study",[74,36231,36232],{"class":80}," Python\n",[74,36234,36235,36237,36239,36242,36244],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,36236,321],{"class":167},[74,36238,114],{"class":106},[74,36240,36241],{"class":24406}," Go",[74,36243,3530],{"class":3529},[74,36245,36246],{"class":80}," a walk\n",[20,36248,36249,36250,36252,36253,114],{},"If you need both the index and the value, ",[15,36251,35406],{}," is usually easier to read than ",[15,36254,36255],{},"range(len(...))",[20,36257,36258,36259,114],{},"If you want more practical examples, see ",[125,36260,36262,36263,36265],{"href":36261},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python\u002F","how to use ",[15,36264,35406],{}," in Python",[60,36267,36269,36270,36272],{"id":36268},"using-the-start-argument","Using the ",[15,36271,50],{}," argument",[20,36274,36275,36276,36278],{},"You can change where counting begins by passing the ",[15,36277,50],{}," argument.",[20,36280,36281,36282,10750,36284,679],{},"For example, if you want counting to start at ",[15,36283,2632],{},[15,36285,327],{},[65,36287,36289],{"className":67,"code":36288,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors, start=1):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,36290,36291,36323,36327,36355],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,36292,36293,36295,36297,36299,36301,36303,36305,36307,36309,36311,36313,36315,36317,36319,36321],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,36294,12732],{"class":80},[74,36296,85],{"class":84},[74,36298,3271],{"class":106},[74,36300,122],{"class":88},[74,36302,12749],{"class":92},[74,36304,122],{"class":88},[74,36306,249],{"class":106},[74,36308,89],{"class":88},[74,36310,17110],{"class":92},[74,36312,122],{"class":88},[74,36314,249],{"class":106},[74,36316,89],{"class":88},[74,36318,12766],{"class":92},[74,36320,122],{"class":88},[74,36322,3284],{"class":106},[74,36324,36325],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,36326,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,36328,36329,36331,36333,36335,36337,36339,36341,36343,36345,36347,36349,36351,36353],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,36330,5609],{"class":3529},[74,36332,35478],{"class":80},[74,36334,249],{"class":106},[74,36336,35483],{"class":80},[74,36338,351],{"class":3529},[74,36340,35488],{"class":102},[74,36342,107],{"class":106},[74,36344,17157],{"class":110},[74,36346,249],{"class":106},[74,36348,252],{"class":8831},[74,36350,85],{"class":84},[74,36352,2632],{"class":167},[74,36354,8000],{"class":106},[74,36356,36357,36359,36361,36363,36365,36367],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,36358,7726],{"class":102},[74,36360,107],{"class":106},[74,36362,35503],{"class":110},[74,36364,249],{"class":106},[74,36366,35508],{"class":110},[74,36368,260],{"class":106},[20,36370,157],{},[65,36372,36374],{"className":67,"code":36373,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"1 red\n2 green\n3 blue\n",[15,36375,36376,36382,36388],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,36377,36378,36380],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,36379,2632],{"class":167},[74,36381,35524],{"class":80},[74,36383,36384,36386],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,36385,687],{"class":167},[74,36387,35531],{"class":80},[74,36389,36390,36392],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,36391,321],{"class":167},[74,36393,35538],{"class":80},[20,36395,36396],{},"This is especially useful for user-facing output, such as menus or numbered lists.",[20,36398,36399],{},"The original iterable does not change. Only the counting value changes.",[60,36401,25014],{"id":25013},[20,36403,25017,36404,114],{},[15,36405,35406],{},[262,36407,36409],{"id":36408},"the-index-is-not-the-same-as-the-value","The index is not the same as the value",[20,36411,36412],{},"In this loop:",[65,36414,36416],{"className":67,"code":36415,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nfor index, value in enumerate(numbers):\n    print(index, value)\n",[15,36417,36418,36438,36442,36462],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,36419,36420,36422,36424,36426,36428,36430,36432,36434,36436],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,36421,3266],{"class":80},[74,36423,85],{"class":84},[74,36425,3271],{"class":106},[74,36427,1972],{"class":167},[74,36429,249],{"class":106},[74,36431,7446],{"class":167},[74,36433,249],{"class":106},[74,36435,7451],{"class":167},[74,36437,3284],{"class":106},[74,36439,36440],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,36441,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,36443,36444,36446,36448,36450,36452,36454,36456,36458,36460],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,36445,5609],{"class":3529},[74,36447,35478],{"class":80},[74,36449,249],{"class":106},[74,36451,21240],{"class":80},[74,36453,351],{"class":3529},[74,36455,35488],{"class":102},[74,36457,107],{"class":106},[74,36459,3298],{"class":110},[74,36461,8000],{"class":106},[74,36463,36464,36466,36468,36470,36472,36474],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,36465,7726],{"class":102},[74,36467,107],{"class":106},[74,36469,35503],{"class":110},[74,36471,249],{"class":106},[74,36473,8091],{"class":110},[74,36475,260],{"class":106},[30,36477,36478,36488],{},[33,36479,36480,4435,36482,220,36484,220,36486],{},[15,36481,35503],{},[15,36483,327],{},[15,36485,2632],{},[15,36487,687],{},[33,36489,36490,4435,36492,220,36494,220,36496],{},[15,36491,246],{},[15,36493,1972],{},[15,36495,15412],{},[15,36497,36498],{},"30",[20,36500,36501],{},"These are different things.",[262,36503,36505],{"id":36504},"you-must-unpack-into-two-variables","You must unpack into two variables",[20,36507,36508,36509,36511],{},"Each item from ",[15,36510,35406],{}," is a pair.",[20,36513,6341],{},[65,36515,36517],{"className":67,"code":36516,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item)\n",[15,36518,36519,36543,36547,36567],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,36520,36521,36523,36525,36527,36529,36531,36533,36535,36537,36539,36541],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,36522,7435],{"class":80},[74,36524,85],{"class":84},[74,36526,3271],{"class":106},[74,36528,122],{"class":88},[74,36530,1816],{"class":92},[74,36532,122],{"class":88},[74,36534,249],{"class":106},[74,36536,89],{"class":88},[74,36538,11403],{"class":92},[74,36540,122],{"class":88},[74,36542,3284],{"class":106},[74,36544,36545],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,36546,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,36548,36549,36551,36553,36555,36557,36559,36561,36563,36565],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,36550,5609],{"class":3529},[74,36552,35785],{"class":80},[74,36554,249],{"class":106},[74,36556,5612],{"class":80},[74,36558,351],{"class":3529},[74,36560,35488],{"class":102},[74,36562,107],{"class":106},[74,36564,7466],{"class":110},[74,36566,8000],{"class":106},[74,36568,36569,36571,36573,36575,36577,36579],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,36570,7726],{"class":102},[74,36572,107],{"class":106},[74,36574,35810],{"class":110},[74,36576,249],{"class":106},[74,36578,29162],{"class":110},[74,36580,260],{"class":106},[20,36582,36583],{},"But this causes an error:",[65,36585,36587],{"className":67,"code":36586,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item, extra in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item, extra)\n",[15,36588,36589,36613,36617,36642],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,36590,36591,36593,36595,36597,36599,36601,36603,36605,36607,36609,36611],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,36592,7435],{"class":80},[74,36594,85],{"class":84},[74,36596,3271],{"class":106},[74,36598,122],{"class":88},[74,36600,1816],{"class":92},[74,36602,122],{"class":88},[74,36604,249],{"class":106},[74,36606,89],{"class":88},[74,36608,11403],{"class":92},[74,36610,122],{"class":88},[74,36612,3284],{"class":106},[74,36614,36615],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,36616,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,36618,36619,36621,36623,36625,36627,36629,36632,36634,36636,36638,36640],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,36620,5609],{"class":3529},[74,36622,35785],{"class":80},[74,36624,249],{"class":106},[74,36626,29162],{"class":80},[74,36628,249],{"class":106},[74,36630,36631],{"class":80}," extra ",[74,36633,351],{"class":3529},[74,36635,35488],{"class":102},[74,36637,107],{"class":106},[74,36639,7466],{"class":110},[74,36641,8000],{"class":106},[74,36643,36644,36646,36648,36650,36652,36654,36656,36659],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,36645,7726],{"class":102},[74,36647,107],{"class":106},[74,36649,35810],{"class":110},[74,36651,249],{"class":106},[74,36653,29162],{"class":110},[74,36655,249],{"class":106},[74,36657,36658],{"class":110}," extra",[74,36660,260],{"class":106},[20,36662,28716,36663,36665],{},[15,36664,35406],{}," only gives two values each time: the index and the item.",[262,36667,36669,36671],{"id":36668},"enumerate-only-works-with-iterable-objects",[15,36670,35406],{}," only works with iterable objects",[20,36673,36674],{},"You can use it with things like lists, strings, and tuples.",[20,36676,36677],{},"Example with a string:",[65,36679,36681],{"className":67,"code":36680,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"for index, char in enumerate(\"cat\"):\n    print(index, char)\n",[15,36682,36683,36708],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,36684,36685,36687,36689,36691,36694,36696,36698,36700,36702,36704,36706],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,36686,5609],{"class":3529},[74,36688,35478],{"class":80},[74,36690,249],{"class":106},[74,36692,36693],{"class":80}," char ",[74,36695,351],{"class":3529},[74,36697,35488],{"class":102},[74,36699,107],{"class":106},[74,36701,122],{"class":88},[74,36703,486],{"class":92},[74,36705,122],{"class":88},[74,36707,8000],{"class":106},[74,36709,36710,36712,36714,36716,36718,36721],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,36711,7726],{"class":102},[74,36713,107],{"class":106},[74,36715,35503],{"class":110},[74,36717,249],{"class":106},[74,36719,36720],{"class":110}," char",[74,36722,260],{"class":106},[20,36724,157],{},[65,36726,36728],{"className":67,"code":36727,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"0 c\n1 a\n2 t\n",[15,36729,36730,36736,36742],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,36731,36732,36734],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,36733,327],{"class":167},[74,36735,35845],{"class":80},[74,36737,36738,36740],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,36739,2632],{"class":167},[74,36741,35831],{"class":80},[74,36743,36744,36746],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,36745,687],{"class":167},[74,36747,36748],{"class":80}," t\n",[20,36750,36751,36752,114],{},"To understand why this works, see ",[125,36753,4788],{"href":5237},[262,36755,36757],{"id":36756},"if-you-only-need-values-a-normal-loop-is-enough","If you only need values, a normal loop is enough",[20,36759,36760,36761,114],{},"You do not always need ",[15,36762,35406],{},[20,36764,36765,36766,36768],{},"If you only need the items, use a normal ",[15,36767,5609],{}," loop:",[65,36770,36772],{"className":67,"code":36771,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor color in colors:\n    print(color)\n",[15,36773,36774,36806,36810,36822],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,36775,36776,36778,36780,36782,36784,36786,36788,36790,36792,36794,36796,36798,36800,36802,36804],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,36777,12732],{"class":80},[74,36779,85],{"class":84},[74,36781,3271],{"class":106},[74,36783,122],{"class":88},[74,36785,12749],{"class":92},[74,36787,122],{"class":88},[74,36789,249],{"class":106},[74,36791,89],{"class":88},[74,36793,17110],{"class":92},[74,36795,122],{"class":88},[74,36797,249],{"class":106},[74,36799,89],{"class":88},[74,36801,12766],{"class":92},[74,36803,122],{"class":88},[74,36805,3284],{"class":106},[74,36807,36808],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,36809,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,36811,36812,36814,36816,36818,36820],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,36813,5609],{"class":3529},[74,36815,35483],{"class":80},[74,36817,351],{"class":3529},[74,36819,12780],{"class":80},[74,36821,6046],{"class":106},[74,36823,36824,36826,36828,36830],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,36825,7726],{"class":102},[74,36827,107],{"class":106},[74,36829,32548],{"class":110},[74,36831,260],{"class":106},[20,36833,36834],{},"That is simpler when the index is not needed.",[60,36836,914],{"id":913},[20,36838,36839],{},"Watch out for these common problems:",[30,36841,36842,36847,36853,36858],{},[33,36843,22756,36844,36846],{},[15,36845,35406],{}," into the wrong number of variables",[33,36848,36849,36850,36852],{},"Forgetting that counting starts at ",[15,36851,327],{}," by default",[33,36854,571,36855,36857],{},[15,36856,35406],{}," when only values are needed",[33,36859,1123,36860,1126,36862],{},[15,36861,35406],{},[15,36863,35854],{},[20,36865,36866],{},"These quick checks can help you understand what is happening:",[65,36868,36870],{"className":67,"code":36869,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(enumerate([10, 20, 30]))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30])))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30], start=1)))\nfor i, value in enumerate(['a', 'b']):\n    print(i, value)\n",[15,36871,36872,36894,36921,36955,36988],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,36873,36874,36876,36878,36880,36882,36884,36886,36888,36890,36892],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,36875,103],{"class":102},[74,36877,107],{"class":106},[74,36879,35700],{"class":102},[74,36881,2629],{"class":106},[74,36883,1972],{"class":167},[74,36885,249],{"class":106},[74,36887,7446],{"class":167},[74,36889,249],{"class":106},[74,36891,7451],{"class":167},[74,36893,2643],{"class":106},[74,36895,36896,36898,36900,36902,36904,36906,36908,36910,36912,36914,36916,36918],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,36897,103],{"class":102},[74,36899,107],{"class":106},[74,36901,7751],{"class":1345},[74,36903,107],{"class":106},[74,36905,35700],{"class":102},[74,36907,2629],{"class":106},[74,36909,1972],{"class":167},[74,36911,249],{"class":106},[74,36913,7446],{"class":167},[74,36915,249],{"class":106},[74,36917,7451],{"class":167},[74,36919,36920],{"class":106},"])))\n",[74,36922,36923,36925,36927,36929,36931,36933,36935,36937,36939,36941,36943,36945,36947,36949,36951,36953],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,36924,103],{"class":102},[74,36926,107],{"class":106},[74,36928,7751],{"class":1345},[74,36930,107],{"class":106},[74,36932,35700],{"class":102},[74,36934,2629],{"class":106},[74,36936,1972],{"class":167},[74,36938,249],{"class":106},[74,36940,7446],{"class":167},[74,36942,249],{"class":106},[74,36944,7451],{"class":167},[74,36946,17717],{"class":106},[74,36948,252],{"class":8831},[74,36950,85],{"class":84},[74,36952,2632],{"class":167},[74,36954,2555],{"class":106},[74,36956,36957,36959,36961,36963,36965,36967,36969,36971,36973,36975,36977,36979,36981,36983,36985],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,36958,5609],{"class":3529},[74,36960,35785],{"class":80},[74,36962,249],{"class":106},[74,36964,21240],{"class":80},[74,36966,351],{"class":3529},[74,36968,35488],{"class":102},[74,36970,2629],{"class":106},[74,36972,2946],{"class":88},[74,36974,125],{"class":92},[74,36976,2946],{"class":88},[74,36978,249],{"class":106},[74,36980,2941],{"class":88},[74,36982,4412],{"class":92},[74,36984,2946],{"class":88},[74,36986,36987],{"class":106},"]):\n",[74,36989,36990,36992,36994,36996,36998,37000],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,36991,7726],{"class":102},[74,36993,107],{"class":106},[74,36995,35810],{"class":110},[74,36997,249],{"class":106},[74,36999,8091],{"class":110},[74,37001,260],{"class":106},[20,37003,16617],{},[65,37005,37007],{"className":67,"code":37006,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"\u003Cenumerate object at 0x...>\n[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n[(1, 10), (2, 20), (3, 30)]\n0 a\n1 b\n",[15,37008,37009,37029,37061,37093,37099],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,37010,37011,37013,37015,37017,37020,37024,37027],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,37012,2935],{"class":84},[74,37014,35700],{"class":102},[74,37016,24273],{"class":1345},[74,37018,37019],{"class":80}," at ",[74,37021,37023],{"class":37022},"srjyR","0x",[74,37025,37026],{"class":34111},"...",[74,37028,2949],{"class":84},[74,37030,37031,37033,37035,37037,37039,37041,37043,37045,37047,37049,37051,37053,37055,37057,37059],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,37032,21396],{"class":106},[74,37034,327],{"class":167},[74,37036,249],{"class":106},[74,37038,5656],{"class":167},[74,37040,8889],{"class":106},[74,37042,8892],{"class":106},[74,37044,2632],{"class":167},[74,37046,249],{"class":106},[74,37048,7446],{"class":167},[74,37050,8889],{"class":106},[74,37052,8892],{"class":106},[74,37054,687],{"class":167},[74,37056,249],{"class":106},[74,37058,7451],{"class":167},[74,37060,8905],{"class":106},[74,37062,37063,37065,37067,37069,37071,37073,37075,37077,37079,37081,37083,37085,37087,37089,37091],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,37064,21396],{"class":106},[74,37066,2632],{"class":167},[74,37068,249],{"class":106},[74,37070,5656],{"class":167},[74,37072,8889],{"class":106},[74,37074,8892],{"class":106},[74,37076,687],{"class":167},[74,37078,249],{"class":106},[74,37080,7446],{"class":167},[74,37082,8889],{"class":106},[74,37084,8892],{"class":106},[74,37086,321],{"class":167},[74,37088,249],{"class":106},[74,37090,7451],{"class":167},[74,37092,8905],{"class":106},[74,37094,37095,37097],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,37096,327],{"class":167},[74,37098,35831],{"class":80},[74,37100,37101,37103],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,37102,2632],{"class":167},[74,37104,35838],{"class":80},[60,37106,1471],{"id":1470},[262,37108,1495,37110,4796],{"id":37109},"what-does-enumerate-return-in-python",[15,37111,35406],{},[20,37113,37114],{},"It returns an enumerate object that produces pairs of index and value.",[262,37116,1517,37118,37120],{"id":37117},"does-enumerate-start-at-0-or-1",[15,37119,35406],{}," start at 0 or 1?",[20,37122,37123,37124,37126,37127,37130],{},"It starts at ",[15,37125,327],{}," by default, but you can change that with ",[15,37128,37129],{},"start=1"," or another number.",[262,37132,21076,37134,10750,37136,2135],{"id":37133},"should-i-use-enumerate-instead-of-rangelenlist",[15,37135,35406],{},[15,37137,37138],{},"range(len(list))",[20,37140,36249,37141,37143],{},[15,37142,35406],{}," is usually clearer and easier to read.",[262,37145,1507,37147,37149],{"id":37146},"can-enumerate-be-used-with-strings",[15,37148,35406],{}," be used with strings?",[20,37151,37152,37153,37155],{},"Yes. A string is iterable, so ",[15,37154,35406],{}," can return each character with its index.",[60,37157,1527],{"id":1526},[30,37159,37160,37164,37170,37177],{},[33,37161,37162],{},[125,37163,35686],{"href":35685},[33,37165,37166],{},[125,37167,3223,37168,3156],{"href":35851},[15,37169,35854],{},[33,37171,37172],{},[125,37173,37174,37175,36265],{"href":36261},"How to use ",[15,37176,35406],{},[33,37178,37179],{},[125,37180,4865],{"href":5237},[1566,37182,37183],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":70,"searchDepth":99,"depth":99,"links":37185},[37186,37187,37189,37190,37192,37194,37196,37203,37204,37214],{"id":62,"depth":99,"text":63},{"id":35546,"depth":99,"text":37188},"What enumerate() does",{"id":226,"depth":99,"text":227},{"id":35857,"depth":99,"text":37191},"What enumerate() returns",{"id":36072,"depth":99,"text":37193},"When to use enumerate()",{"id":36268,"depth":99,"text":37195},"Using the start argument",{"id":25013,"depth":99,"text":25014,"children":37197},[37198,37199,37200,37202],{"id":36408,"depth":133,"text":36409},{"id":36504,"depth":133,"text":36505},{"id":36668,"depth":133,"text":37201},"enumerate() only works with iterable objects",{"id":36756,"depth":133,"text":36757},{"id":913,"depth":99,"text":914},{"id":1470,"depth":99,"text":1471,"children":37205},[37206,37208,37210,37212],{"id":37109,"depth":133,"text":37207},"What does enumerate() return in Python?",{"id":37117,"depth":133,"text":37209},"Does enumerate() start at 0 or 1?",{"id":37133,"depth":133,"text":37211},"Should I use enumerate() instead of range(len(list))?",{"id":37146,"depth":133,"text":37213},"Can enumerate() be used with strings?",{"id":1526,"depth":99,"text":1527},"Master python enumerate function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained",{"title":35398,"description":37215},"reference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained","tP2Z_ots0Xqf_GFLRq6dqpNDnPiE1yGUJYT2Z9er6Qs",{"id":37222,"title":37223,"body":37224,"description":39740,"extension":1610,"meta":39741,"navigation":407,"path":39742,"seo":39743,"stem":39744,"__hash__":39745},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained.md","Python filter() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":37225,"toc":39697},[37226,37232,37237,37240,37248,37262,37264,37355,37363,37368,37373,37375,37391,37393,37472,37474,37491,37497,37501,37503,37524,37528,37531,37543,37547,37550,37553,37570,37573,37649,37651,37668,37673,37677,37685,37688,37703,37705,37794,37796,37841,37844,37848,37851,37930,37932,37954,37957,37964,37969,37972,38075,38077,38102,38105,38112,38118,38123,38126,38137,38243,38245,38266,38274,38281,38287,38306,38311,38314,38333,38335,38420,38422,38451,38454,38459,38464,38467,38478,38480,38569,38571,38591,38597,38703,38705,38725,38728,38812,38814,38834,38841,38843,38847,38853,38856,38913,38916,38919,38980,38989,38992,38995,39023,39026,39086,39088,39105,39109,39112,39190,39192,39212,39215,39290,39294,39297,39299,39308,39313,39315,39366,39374,39386,39391,39452,39454,39471,39475,39538,39540,39565,39573,39575,39581,39587,39594,39602,39608,39611,39618,39628,39634,39640,39643,39660,39666,39668,39694],[10,37227,3223,37229,3227],{"id":37228},"python-filter-function-explained",[15,37230,37231],{},"filter()",[20,37233,37234,37236],{},[15,37235,37231],{}," is used to keep only the items that pass a test.",[20,37238,37239],{},"It takes:",[30,37241,37242,37245],{},[33,37243,37244],{},"a function that checks each item",[33,37246,37247],{},"an iterable such as a list, tuple, or string",[20,37249,37250,37251,37254,37255,37258,37259,37261],{},"The result is ",[332,37252,37253],{},"not a list"," in Python 3. It returns a ",[15,37256,37257],{},"filter"," object, so beginners often convert it with ",[15,37260,24437],{}," to see the values.",[60,37263,63],{"id":62},[65,37265,37267],{"className":67,"code":37266,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\nprint(list(result))  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[15,37268,37269,37302,37338],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,37270,37271,37273,37275,37277,37279,37281,37283,37285,37287,37289,37291,37293,37295,37297,37300],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,37272,3266],{"class":80},[74,37274,85],{"class":84},[74,37276,3271],{"class":106},[74,37278,2632],{"class":167},[74,37280,249],{"class":106},[74,37282,620],{"class":167},[74,37284,249],{"class":106},[74,37286,2094],{"class":167},[74,37288,249],{"class":106},[74,37290,2100],{"class":167},[74,37292,249],{"class":106},[74,37294,651],{"class":167},[74,37296,249],{"class":106},[74,37298,37299],{"class":167}," 6",[74,37301,3284],{"class":106},[74,37303,37304,37306,37308,37311,37313,37316,37320,37322,37324,37326,37328,37330,37332,37334,37336],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,37305,383],{"class":80},[74,37307,85],{"class":84},[74,37309,37310],{"class":102}," filter",[74,37312,107],{"class":106},[74,37314,37315],{"class":1711},"lambda",[74,37317,37319],{"class":37318},"sFwrP"," x",[74,37321,679],{"class":106},[74,37323,3533],{"class":110},[74,37325,6056],{"class":84},[74,37327,620],{"class":167},[74,37329,6061],{"class":84},[74,37331,3485],{"class":167},[74,37333,249],{"class":106},[74,37335,3914],{"class":110},[74,37337,260],{"class":106},[74,37339,37340,37342,37344,37346,37348,37350,37352],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,37341,103],{"class":102},[74,37343,107],{"class":106},[74,37345,7751],{"class":1345},[74,37347,107],{"class":106},[74,37349,418],{"class":110},[74,37351,5011],{"class":106},[74,37353,37354],{"class":3314},"  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[20,37356,37357,37359,37360,37362],{},[15,37358,37231],{}," returns a filter object, so beginners often wrap it with ",[15,37361,24437],{}," to see the results.",[60,37364,3328,37366,38],{"id":37365},"what-filter-does",[15,37367,37231],{},[20,37369,37370,37372],{},[15,37371,37231],{}," keeps items that pass a test.",[20,37374,776],{},[30,37376,37377,37380,37386],{},[33,37378,37379],{},"each item is checked one at a time",[33,37381,37382,37383,37385],{},"if the test returns ",[15,37384,338],{},", the item is kept",[33,37387,37382,37388,37390],{},[15,37389,342],{},", the item is removed",[20,37392,506],{},[65,37394,37396],{"className":67,"code":37395,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x > 3, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37397,37398,37426,37430,37458],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,37399,37400,37402,37404,37406,37408,37410,37412,37414,37416,37418,37420,37422,37424],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,37401,3266],{"class":80},[74,37403,85],{"class":84},[74,37405,3271],{"class":106},[74,37407,2632],{"class":167},[74,37409,249],{"class":106},[74,37411,620],{"class":167},[74,37413,249],{"class":106},[74,37415,2094],{"class":167},[74,37417,249],{"class":106},[74,37419,2100],{"class":167},[74,37421,249],{"class":106},[74,37423,651],{"class":167},[74,37425,3284],{"class":106},[74,37427,37428],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,37429,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,37431,37432,37434,37436,37438,37440,37442,37444,37446,37448,37450,37452,37454,37456],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,37433,383],{"class":80},[74,37435,85],{"class":84},[74,37437,37310],{"class":102},[74,37439,107],{"class":106},[74,37441,37315],{"class":1711},[74,37443,37319],{"class":37318},[74,37445,679],{"class":106},[74,37447,3533],{"class":110},[74,37449,3903],{"class":84},[74,37451,2094],{"class":167},[74,37453,249],{"class":106},[74,37455,3914],{"class":110},[74,37457,260],{"class":106},[74,37459,37460,37462,37464,37466,37468,37470],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,37461,103],{"class":102},[74,37463,107],{"class":106},[74,37465,7751],{"class":1345},[74,37467,107],{"class":106},[74,37469,418],{"class":110},[74,37471,130],{"class":106},[20,37473,157],{},[65,37475,37477],{"className":67,"code":37476,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"[4, 5]\n",[15,37478,37479],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,37480,37481,37483,37485,37487,37489],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,37482,742],{"class":106},[74,37484,2148],{"class":167},[74,37486,249],{"class":106},[74,37488,651],{"class":167},[74,37490,3284],{"class":106},[20,37492,37493,37494,37496],{},"Here, only numbers greater than ",[15,37495,321],{}," are kept.",[60,37498,37500],{"id":37499},"syntax-and-arguments","Syntax and arguments",[20,37502,1802],{},[65,37504,37506],{"className":67,"code":37505,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"filter(function, iterable)\n",[15,37507,37508],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,37509,37510,37512,37514,37517,37519,37522],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,37511,37257],{"class":102},[74,37513,107],{"class":106},[74,37515,37516],{"class":110},"function",[74,37518,249],{"class":106},[74,37520,37521],{"class":110}," iterable",[74,37523,260],{"class":106},[262,37525,37526],{"id":37516},[15,37527,37516],{},[20,37529,37530],{},"This is the test function.",[30,37532,37533,37536],{},[33,37534,37535],{},"It receives one item at a time",[33,37537,37538,37539,339,37541],{},"It should return ",[15,37540,338],{},[15,37542,342],{},[262,37544,37545],{"id":3371},[15,37546,3371],{},[20,37548,37549],{},"This is the group of values to check.",[20,37551,37552],{},"It can be:",[30,37554,37555,37558,37561,37564,37567],{},[33,37556,37557],{},"a list",[33,37559,37560],{},"a tuple",[33,37562,37563],{},"a string",[33,37565,37566],{},"a set",[33,37568,37569],{},"another iterable object",[20,37571,37572],{},"Example with a tuple:",[65,37574,37576],{"className":67,"code":37575,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = (10, 15, 20, 25)\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x >= 20, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37577,37578,37603,37607,37635],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,37579,37580,37582,37584,37586,37588,37590,37593,37595,37597,37599,37601],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,37581,3266],{"class":80},[74,37583,85],{"class":84},[74,37585,8892],{"class":106},[74,37587,1972],{"class":167},[74,37589,249],{"class":106},[74,37591,37592],{"class":167}," 15",[74,37594,249],{"class":106},[74,37596,7446],{"class":167},[74,37598,249],{"class":106},[74,37600,8962],{"class":167},[74,37602,260],{"class":106},[74,37604,37605],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,37606,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,37608,37609,37611,37613,37615,37617,37619,37621,37623,37625,37627,37629,37631,37633],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,37610,383],{"class":80},[74,37612,85],{"class":84},[74,37614,37310],{"class":102},[74,37616,107],{"class":106},[74,37618,37315],{"class":1711},[74,37620,37319],{"class":37318},[74,37622,679],{"class":106},[74,37624,3533],{"class":110},[74,37626,4750],{"class":84},[74,37628,7446],{"class":167},[74,37630,249],{"class":106},[74,37632,3914],{"class":110},[74,37634,260],{"class":106},[74,37636,37637,37639,37641,37643,37645,37647],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,37638,103],{"class":102},[74,37640,107],{"class":106},[74,37642,7751],{"class":1345},[74,37644,107],{"class":106},[74,37646,418],{"class":110},[74,37648,130],{"class":106},[20,37650,157],{},[65,37652,37654],{"className":67,"code":37653,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"[20, 25]\n",[15,37655,37656],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,37657,37658,37660,37662,37664,37666],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,37659,742],{"class":106},[74,37661,15412],{"class":167},[74,37663,249],{"class":106},[74,37665,8962],{"class":167},[74,37667,3284],{"class":106},[20,37669,37670,37671,114],{},"If you are new to iterables, see ",[125,37672,4788],{"href":5237},[60,37674,37676],{"id":37675},"what-the-return-value-means","What the return value means",[20,37678,37679,37680,21631,37682,114],{},"In Python 3, ",[15,37681,37231],{},[332,37683,37684],{},"filter object",[20,37686,37687],{},"This is an iterator-like object. You can:",[30,37689,37690,37693,37698],{},[33,37691,37692],{},"loop through it",[33,37694,37695,37696],{},"convert it with ",[15,37697,24437],{},[33,37699,37695,37700],{},[15,37701,37702],{},"tuple()",[20,37704,506],{},[65,37706,37708],{"className":67,"code":37707,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37709,37710,37752,37756,37766,37780],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,37711,37712,37714,37716,37718,37720,37722,37724,37726,37728,37730,37732,37734,37736,37738,37740,37742,37744,37746,37748,37750],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,37713,383],{"class":80},[74,37715,85],{"class":84},[74,37717,37310],{"class":102},[74,37719,107],{"class":106},[74,37721,37315],{"class":1711},[74,37723,37319],{"class":37318},[74,37725,679],{"class":106},[74,37727,3533],{"class":110},[74,37729,3903],{"class":84},[74,37731,620],{"class":167},[74,37733,249],{"class":106},[74,37735,3271],{"class":106},[74,37737,2632],{"class":167},[74,37739,249],{"class":106},[74,37741,620],{"class":167},[74,37743,249],{"class":106},[74,37745,2094],{"class":167},[74,37747,249],{"class":106},[74,37749,2100],{"class":167},[74,37751,751],{"class":106},[74,37753,37754],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,37755,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,37757,37758,37760,37762,37764],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,37759,103],{"class":102},[74,37761,107],{"class":106},[74,37763,418],{"class":110},[74,37765,260],{"class":106},[74,37767,37768,37770,37772,37774,37776,37778],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,37769,103],{"class":102},[74,37771,107],{"class":106},[74,37773,1346],{"class":1345},[74,37775,107],{"class":106},[74,37777,418],{"class":110},[74,37779,130],{"class":106},[74,37781,37782,37784,37786,37788,37790,37792],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,37783,103],{"class":102},[74,37785,107],{"class":106},[74,37787,7751],{"class":1345},[74,37789,107],{"class":106},[74,37791,418],{"class":110},[74,37793,130],{"class":106},[20,37795,157],{},[65,37797,37799],{"className":67,"code":37798,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"\u003Cfilter object at ...>\n\u003Cclass 'filter'>\n[3, 4]\n",[15,37800,37801,37815,37829],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,37802,37803,37805,37807,37809,37811,37813],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,37804,2935],{"class":84},[74,37806,37257],{"class":102},[74,37808,24273],{"class":1345},[74,37810,37019],{"class":80},[74,37812,37026],{"class":34111},[74,37814,2949],{"class":84},[74,37816,37817,37819,37821,37823,37825,37827],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,37818,2935],{"class":84},[74,37820,2938],{"class":1711},[74,37822,2941],{"class":88},[74,37824,37257],{"class":92},[74,37826,2946],{"class":88},[74,37828,2949],{"class":84},[74,37830,37831,37833,37835,37837,37839],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,37832,742],{"class":106},[74,37834,321],{"class":167},[74,37836,249],{"class":106},[74,37838,2100],{"class":167},[74,37840,3284],{"class":106},[20,37842,37843],{},"If you print the filter object directly, you will not see the filtered items.",[262,37845,37847],{"id":37846},"important-a-filter-object-is-consumed-as-you-use-it","Important: a filter object is consumed as you use it",[20,37849,37850],{},"Once you loop through it or convert it to a list, the items are used up.",[65,37852,37854],{"className":67,"code":37853,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37855,37856,37898,37902,37916],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,37857,37858,37860,37862,37864,37866,37868,37870,37872,37874,37876,37878,37880,37882,37884,37886,37888,37890,37892,37894,37896],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,37859,383],{"class":80},[74,37861,85],{"class":84},[74,37863,37310],{"class":102},[74,37865,107],{"class":106},[74,37867,37315],{"class":1711},[74,37869,37319],{"class":37318},[74,37871,679],{"class":106},[74,37873,3533],{"class":110},[74,37875,3903],{"class":84},[74,37877,620],{"class":167},[74,37879,249],{"class":106},[74,37881,3271],{"class":106},[74,37883,2632],{"class":167},[74,37885,249],{"class":106},[74,37887,620],{"class":167},[74,37889,249],{"class":106},[74,37891,2094],{"class":167},[74,37893,249],{"class":106},[74,37895,2100],{"class":167},[74,37897,751],{"class":106},[74,37899,37900],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,37901,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,37903,37904,37906,37908,37910,37912,37914],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,37905,103],{"class":102},[74,37907,107],{"class":106},[74,37909,7751],{"class":1345},[74,37911,107],{"class":106},[74,37913,418],{"class":110},[74,37915,130],{"class":106},[74,37917,37918,37920,37922,37924,37926,37928],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,37919,103],{"class":102},[74,37921,107],{"class":106},[74,37923,7751],{"class":1345},[74,37925,107],{"class":106},[74,37927,418],{"class":110},[74,37929,130],{"class":106},[20,37931,157],{},[65,37933,37935],{"className":67,"code":37934,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"[3, 4]\n[]\n",[15,37936,37937,37949],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,37938,37939,37941,37943,37945,37947],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,37940,742],{"class":106},[74,37942,321],{"class":167},[74,37944,249],{"class":106},[74,37946,2100],{"class":167},[74,37948,3284],{"class":106},[74,37950,37951],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,37952,37953],{"class":106},"[]\n",[20,37955,37956],{},"The second result is empty because the filter object was already consumed.",[60,37958,571,37960,1126,37962],{"id":37959},"using-filter-with-lambda",[15,37961,37231],{},[15,37963,37315],{},[20,37965,14846,37966,37968],{},[15,37967,37315],{}," is a short anonymous function.",[20,37970,37971],{},"It is useful for simple filtering rules that fit on one line.",[65,37973,37975],{"className":67,"code":37974,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"words = [\"apple\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\", \"fig\"]\n\nresult = filter(lambda word: len(word) > 4, words)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37976,37977,38019,38023,38061],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,37978,37979,37981,37983,37985,37987,37989,37991,37993,37995,37998,38000,38002,38004,38006,38008,38010,38012,38015,38017],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,37980,3722],{"class":80},[74,37982,85],{"class":84},[74,37984,3271],{"class":106},[74,37986,122],{"class":88},[74,37988,376],{"class":92},[74,37990,122],{"class":88},[74,37992,249],{"class":106},[74,37994,89],{"class":88},[74,37996,37997],{"class":92},"kiwi",[74,37999,122],{"class":88},[74,38001,249],{"class":106},[74,38003,89],{"class":88},[74,38005,93],{"class":92},[74,38007,122],{"class":88},[74,38009,249],{"class":106},[74,38011,89],{"class":88},[74,38013,38014],{"class":92},"fig",[74,38016,122],{"class":88},[74,38018,3284],{"class":106},[74,38020,38021],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,38022,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,38024,38025,38027,38029,38031,38033,38035,38038,38040,38043,38045,38048,38050,38053,38055,38057,38059],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,38026,383],{"class":80},[74,38028,85],{"class":84},[74,38030,37310],{"class":102},[74,38032,107],{"class":106},[74,38034,37315],{"class":1711},[74,38036,38037],{"class":37318}," word",[74,38039,679],{"class":106},[74,38041,38042],{"class":102}," len",[74,38044,107],{"class":106},[74,38046,38047],{"class":110},"word",[74,38049,3311],{"class":106},[74,38051,38052],{"class":84}," >",[74,38054,2100],{"class":167},[74,38056,249],{"class":106},[74,38058,5820],{"class":110},[74,38060,260],{"class":106},[74,38062,38063,38065,38067,38069,38071,38073],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,38064,103],{"class":102},[74,38066,107],{"class":106},[74,38068,7751],{"class":1345},[74,38070,107],{"class":106},[74,38072,418],{"class":110},[74,38074,130],{"class":106},[20,38076,157],{},[65,38078,38080],{"className":67,"code":38079,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,38081,38082],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,38083,38084,38086,38088,38090,38092,38094,38096,38098,38100],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,38085,742],{"class":106},[74,38087,2946],{"class":88},[74,38089,376],{"class":92},[74,38091,2946],{"class":88},[74,38093,249],{"class":106},[74,38095,2941],{"class":88},[74,38097,93],{"class":92},[74,38099,2946],{"class":88},[74,38101,3284],{"class":106},[20,38103,38104],{},"This keeps only words with more than 4 characters.",[20,38106,38107,38108,114],{},"If you want to learn this syntax more clearly, see ",[125,38109,38111],{"href":38110},"\u002Flearn\u002Flambda-functions-in-python-explained\u002F","lambda functions in Python explained",[60,38113,571,38115,38117],{"id":38114},"using-filter-with-a-named-function",[15,38116,37231],{}," with a named function",[20,38119,38120,38121,114],{},"A named function is often easier to read than a complex ",[15,38122,37315],{},[20,38124,38125],{},"This is especially helpful when:",[30,38127,38128,38131,38134],{},[33,38129,38130],{},"the logic needs a clear name",[33,38132,38133],{},"the rule is more than a very short check",[33,38135,38136],{},"you want beginner-friendly code",[65,38138,38140],{"className":67,"code":38139,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"def is_even(number):\n    return number % 2 == 0\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(is_even, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38141,38142,38155,38170,38174,38206,38225,38229],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,38143,38144,38146,38149,38151,38153],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,38145,34508],{"class":1711},[74,38147,38148],{"class":34511}," is_even",[74,38150,107],{"class":106},[74,38152,1881],{"class":37318},[74,38154,8000],{"class":106},[74,38156,38157,38159,38161,38163,38165,38167],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,38158,34519],{"class":3529},[74,38160,6039],{"class":80},[74,38162,6056],{"class":84},[74,38164,620],{"class":167},[74,38166,6061],{"class":84},[74,38168,38169],{"class":167}," 0\n",[74,38171,38172],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,38173,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,38175,38176,38178,38180,38182,38184,38186,38188,38190,38192,38194,38196,38198,38200,38202,38204],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,38177,3266],{"class":80},[74,38179,85],{"class":84},[74,38181,3271],{"class":106},[74,38183,2632],{"class":167},[74,38185,249],{"class":106},[74,38187,620],{"class":167},[74,38189,249],{"class":106},[74,38191,2094],{"class":167},[74,38193,249],{"class":106},[74,38195,2100],{"class":167},[74,38197,249],{"class":106},[74,38199,651],{"class":167},[74,38201,249],{"class":106},[74,38203,37299],{"class":167},[74,38205,3284],{"class":106},[74,38207,38208,38210,38212,38214,38216,38219,38221,38223],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,38209,383],{"class":80},[74,38211,85],{"class":84},[74,38213,37310],{"class":102},[74,38215,107],{"class":106},[74,38217,38218],{"class":110},"is_even",[74,38220,249],{"class":106},[74,38222,3914],{"class":110},[74,38224,260],{"class":106},[74,38226,38227],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,38228,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,38230,38231,38233,38235,38237,38239,38241],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,38232,103],{"class":102},[74,38234,107],{"class":106},[74,38236,7751],{"class":1345},[74,38238,107],{"class":106},[74,38240,418],{"class":110},[74,38242,130],{"class":106},[20,38244,157],{},[65,38246,38248],{"className":67,"code":38247,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"[2, 4, 6]\n",[15,38249,38250],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,38251,38252,38254,38256,38258,38260,38262,38264],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,38253,742],{"class":106},[74,38255,687],{"class":167},[74,38257,249],{"class":106},[74,38259,2100],{"class":167},[74,38261,249],{"class":106},[74,38263,37299],{"class":167},[74,38265,3284],{"class":106},[20,38267,20426,38268,2039,38271,38273],{},[15,38269,38270],{},"is_even()",[15,38272,338],{}," for even numbers, so those numbers are kept.",[60,38275,571,38277,1126,38279],{"id":38276},"using-none-with-filter",[15,38278,3429],{},[15,38280,37231],{},[20,38282,38283,38284,38286],{},"You can pass ",[15,38285,3429],{}," as the first argument:",[65,38288,38290],{"className":67,"code":38289,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"filter(None, iterable)\n",[15,38291,38292],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,38293,38294,38296,38298,38300,38302,38304],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,38295,37257],{"class":102},[74,38297,107],{"class":106},[74,38299,3429],{"class":3504},[74,38301,249],{"class":106},[74,38303,37521],{"class":110},[74,38305,260],{"class":106},[20,38307,38308,38309,6994],{},"In this case, Python removes ",[332,38310,5247],{},[20,38312,38313],{},"Falsy values include:",[30,38315,38316,38320,38325,38329],{},[33,38317,38318],{},[15,38319,327],{},[33,38321,38322,38324],{},[15,38323,3424],{}," (empty string)",[33,38326,38327],{},[15,38328,3429],{},[33,38330,38331],{},[15,38332,342],{},[20,38334,506],{},[65,38336,38338],{"className":67,"code":38337,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"items = [0, 1, \"\", \"hello\", None, True, False, 5]\n\nresult = filter(None, items)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38339,38340,38384,38388,38406],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,38341,38342,38344,38346,38348,38350,38352,38354,38356,38358,38360,38362,38364,38366,38368,38370,38372,38374,38376,38378,38380,38382],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,38343,7435],{"class":80},[74,38345,85],{"class":84},[74,38347,3271],{"class":106},[74,38349,327],{"class":167},[74,38351,249],{"class":106},[74,38353,5148],{"class":167},[74,38355,249],{"class":106},[74,38357,5778],{"class":88},[74,38359,249],{"class":106},[74,38361,89],{"class":88},[74,38363,3497],{"class":92},[74,38365,122],{"class":88},[74,38367,249],{"class":106},[74,38369,3505],{"class":3504},[74,38371,249],{"class":106},[74,38373,3567],{"class":3504},[74,38375,249],{"class":106},[74,38377,3558],{"class":3504},[74,38379,249],{"class":106},[74,38381,651],{"class":167},[74,38383,3284],{"class":106},[74,38385,38386],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,38387,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,38389,38390,38392,38394,38396,38398,38400,38402,38404],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,38391,383],{"class":80},[74,38393,85],{"class":84},[74,38395,37310],{"class":102},[74,38397,107],{"class":106},[74,38399,3429],{"class":3504},[74,38401,249],{"class":106},[74,38403,5617],{"class":110},[74,38405,260],{"class":106},[74,38407,38408,38410,38412,38414,38416,38418],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,38409,103],{"class":102},[74,38411,107],{"class":106},[74,38413,7751],{"class":1345},[74,38415,107],{"class":106},[74,38417,418],{"class":110},[74,38419,130],{"class":106},[20,38421,157],{},[65,38423,38425],{"className":67,"code":38424,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"[1, 'hello', True, 5]\n",[15,38426,38427],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,38428,38429,38431,38433,38435,38437,38439,38441,38443,38445,38447,38449],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,38430,742],{"class":106},[74,38432,2632],{"class":167},[74,38434,249],{"class":106},[74,38436,2941],{"class":88},[74,38438,3497],{"class":92},[74,38440,2946],{"class":88},[74,38442,249],{"class":106},[74,38444,3567],{"class":3504},[74,38446,249],{"class":106},[74,38448,651],{"class":167},[74,38450,3284],{"class":106},[20,38452,38453],{},"This is useful when you want to remove empty or false-like values from data.",[60,38455,1260,38457],{"id":38456},"when-to-use-filter",[15,38458,37231],{},[20,38460,176,38461,38463],{},[15,38462,37231],{}," when you want to keep only matching items.",[20,38465,38466],{},"It works well for:",[30,38468,38469,38472,38475],{},[33,38470,38471],{},"simple filtering rules",[33,38473,38474],{},"quick data cleaning",[33,38476,38477],{},"cases where a function already exists for the test",[20,38479,506],{},[65,38481,38483],{"className":67,"code":38482,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\n\nprint(list(evens))\n",[15,38484,38485,38517,38550,38554],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,38486,38487,38489,38491,38493,38495,38497,38499,38501,38503,38505,38507,38509,38511,38513,38515],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,38488,3266],{"class":80},[74,38490,85],{"class":84},[74,38492,3271],{"class":106},[74,38494,2632],{"class":167},[74,38496,249],{"class":106},[74,38498,620],{"class":167},[74,38500,249],{"class":106},[74,38502,2094],{"class":167},[74,38504,249],{"class":106},[74,38506,2100],{"class":167},[74,38508,249],{"class":106},[74,38510,651],{"class":167},[74,38512,249],{"class":106},[74,38514,37299],{"class":167},[74,38516,3284],{"class":106},[74,38518,38519,38522,38524,38526,38528,38530,38532,38534,38536,38538,38540,38542,38544,38546,38548],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,38520,38521],{"class":80},"evens ",[74,38523,85],{"class":84},[74,38525,37310],{"class":102},[74,38527,107],{"class":106},[74,38529,37315],{"class":1711},[74,38531,37319],{"class":37318},[74,38533,679],{"class":106},[74,38535,3533],{"class":110},[74,38537,6056],{"class":84},[74,38539,620],{"class":167},[74,38541,6061],{"class":84},[74,38543,3485],{"class":167},[74,38545,249],{"class":106},[74,38547,3914],{"class":110},[74,38549,260],{"class":106},[74,38551,38552],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,38553,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,38555,38556,38558,38560,38562,38564,38567],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,38557,103],{"class":102},[74,38559,107],{"class":106},[74,38561,7751],{"class":1345},[74,38563,107],{"class":106},[74,38565,38566],{"class":110},"evens",[74,38568,130],{"class":106},[20,38570,157],{},[65,38572,38573],{"className":67,"code":38247,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,38574,38575],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,38576,38577,38579,38581,38583,38585,38587,38589],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,38578,742],{"class":106},[74,38580,687],{"class":167},[74,38582,249],{"class":106},[74,38584,2100],{"class":167},[74,38586,249],{"class":106},[74,38588,37299],{"class":167},[74,38590,3284],{"class":106},[20,38592,38593,38594,38596],{},"For beginners, though, a ",[15,38595,5609],{}," loop may be easier to understand.",[65,38598,38600],{"className":67,"code":38599,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = []\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        evens.append(number)\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,38601,38602,38634,38642,38646,38658,38674,38689,38693],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,38603,38604,38606,38608,38610,38612,38614,38616,38618,38620,38622,38624,38626,38628,38630,38632],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,38605,3266],{"class":80},[74,38607,85],{"class":84},[74,38609,3271],{"class":106},[74,38611,2632],{"class":167},[74,38613,249],{"class":106},[74,38615,620],{"class":167},[74,38617,249],{"class":106},[74,38619,2094],{"class":167},[74,38621,249],{"class":106},[74,38623,2100],{"class":167},[74,38625,249],{"class":106},[74,38627,651],{"class":167},[74,38629,249],{"class":106},[74,38631,37299],{"class":167},[74,38633,3284],{"class":106},[74,38635,38636,38638,38640],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,38637,38521],{"class":80},[74,38639,85],{"class":84},[74,38641,7495],{"class":106},[74,38643,38644],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,38645,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,38647,38648,38650,38652,38654,38656],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,38649,5609],{"class":3529},[74,38651,6039],{"class":80},[74,38653,351],{"class":3529},[74,38655,3914],{"class":80},[74,38657,6046],{"class":106},[74,38659,38660,38662,38664,38666,38668,38670,38672],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,38661,6051],{"class":3529},[74,38663,6039],{"class":80},[74,38665,6056],{"class":84},[74,38667,620],{"class":167},[74,38669,6061],{"class":84},[74,38671,3485],{"class":167},[74,38673,6046],{"class":106},[74,38675,38676,38679,38681,38683,38685,38687],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,38677,38678],{"class":80},"        evens",[74,38680,114],{"class":106},[74,38682,13210],{"class":110},[74,38684,107],{"class":106},[74,38686,1881],{"class":110},[74,38688,260],{"class":106},[74,38690,38691],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,38692,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,38694,38695,38697,38699,38701],{"class":76,"line":6079},[74,38696,103],{"class":102},[74,38698,107],{"class":106},[74,38700,38566],{"class":110},[74,38702,260],{"class":106},[20,38704,157],{},[65,38706,38707],{"className":67,"code":38247,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,38708,38709],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,38710,38711,38713,38715,38717,38719,38721,38723],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,38712,742],{"class":106},[74,38714,687],{"class":167},[74,38716,249],{"class":106},[74,38718,2100],{"class":167},[74,38720,249],{"class":106},[74,38722,37299],{"class":167},[74,38724,3284],{"class":106},[20,38726,38727],{},"A list comprehension is also a common alternative:",[65,38729,38731],{"className":67,"code":38730,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = [number for number in numbers if number % 2 == 0]\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,38732,38733,38765,38798,38802],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,38734,38735,38737,38739,38741,38743,38745,38747,38749,38751,38753,38755,38757,38759,38761,38763],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,38736,3266],{"class":80},[74,38738,85],{"class":84},[74,38740,3271],{"class":106},[74,38742,2632],{"class":167},[74,38744,249],{"class":106},[74,38746,620],{"class":167},[74,38748,249],{"class":106},[74,38750,2094],{"class":167},[74,38752,249],{"class":106},[74,38754,2100],{"class":167},[74,38756,249],{"class":106},[74,38758,651],{"class":167},[74,38760,249],{"class":106},[74,38762,37299],{"class":167},[74,38764,3284],{"class":106},[74,38766,38767,38769,38771,38773,38775,38777,38779,38781,38784,38786,38788,38790,38792,38794,38796],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,38768,38521],{"class":80},[74,38770,85],{"class":84},[74,38772,3271],{"class":106},[74,38774,1859],{"class":80},[74,38776,5609],{"class":3529},[74,38778,6039],{"class":80},[74,38780,351],{"class":3529},[74,38782,38783],{"class":80}," numbers ",[74,38785,6651],{"class":3529},[74,38787,6039],{"class":80},[74,38789,6056],{"class":84},[74,38791,620],{"class":167},[74,38793,6061],{"class":84},[74,38795,3485],{"class":167},[74,38797,3284],{"class":106},[74,38799,38800],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,38801,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,38803,38804,38806,38808,38810],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,38805,103],{"class":102},[74,38807,107],{"class":106},[74,38809,38566],{"class":110},[74,38811,260],{"class":106},[20,38813,157],{},[65,38815,38816],{"className":67,"code":38247,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,38817,38818],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,38819,38820,38822,38824,38826,38828,38830,38832],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,38821,742],{"class":106},[74,38823,687],{"class":167},[74,38825,249],{"class":106},[74,38827,2100],{"class":167},[74,38829,249],{"class":106},[74,38831,37299],{"class":167},[74,38833,3284],{"class":106},[20,38835,38836,38837,114],{},"If you want another common filtering style, see ",[125,38838,38840],{"href":38839},"\u002Flearn\u002Flist-comprehensions-in-python-explained\u002F","list comprehensions in Python explained",[60,38842,914],{"id":913},[20,38844,14391,38845,114],{},[15,38846,37231],{},[262,38848,923,38850,38852],{"id":38849},"expecting-filter-to-return-a-list",[15,38851,37231],{}," to return a list",[20,38854,38855],{},"This is the most common mistake.",[65,38857,38859],{"className":67,"code":38858,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,38860,38861,38903],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,38862,38863,38865,38867,38869,38871,38873,38875,38877,38879,38881,38883,38885,38887,38889,38891,38893,38895,38897,38899,38901],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,38864,383],{"class":80},[74,38866,85],{"class":84},[74,38868,37310],{"class":102},[74,38870,107],{"class":106},[74,38872,37315],{"class":1711},[74,38874,37319],{"class":37318},[74,38876,679],{"class":106},[74,38878,3533],{"class":110},[74,38880,3903],{"class":84},[74,38882,620],{"class":167},[74,38884,249],{"class":106},[74,38886,3271],{"class":106},[74,38888,2632],{"class":167},[74,38890,249],{"class":106},[74,38892,620],{"class":167},[74,38894,249],{"class":106},[74,38896,2094],{"class":167},[74,38898,249],{"class":106},[74,38900,2100],{"class":167},[74,38902,751],{"class":106},[74,38904,38905,38907,38909,38911],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,38906,103],{"class":102},[74,38908,107],{"class":106},[74,38910,418],{"class":110},[74,38912,260],{"class":106},[20,38914,38915],{},"This prints a filter object, not the values.",[20,38917,38918],{},"Fix:",[65,38920,38922],{"className":67,"code":38921,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38923,38924,38966],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,38925,38926,38928,38930,38932,38934,38936,38938,38940,38942,38944,38946,38948,38950,38952,38954,38956,38958,38960,38962,38964],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,38927,383],{"class":80},[74,38929,85],{"class":84},[74,38931,37310],{"class":102},[74,38933,107],{"class":106},[74,38935,37315],{"class":1711},[74,38937,37319],{"class":37318},[74,38939,679],{"class":106},[74,38941,3533],{"class":110},[74,38943,3903],{"class":84},[74,38945,620],{"class":167},[74,38947,249],{"class":106},[74,38949,3271],{"class":106},[74,38951,2632],{"class":167},[74,38953,249],{"class":106},[74,38955,620],{"class":167},[74,38957,249],{"class":106},[74,38959,2094],{"class":167},[74,38961,249],{"class":106},[74,38963,2100],{"class":167},[74,38965,751],{"class":106},[74,38967,38968,38970,38972,38974,38976,38978],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,38969,103],{"class":102},[74,38971,107],{"class":106},[74,38973,7751],{"class":1345},[74,38975,107],{"class":106},[74,38977,418],{"class":110},[74,38979,130],{"class":106},[262,38981,38983,38984,339,38986,38988],{"id":38982},"using-a-test-function-that-does-not-return-true-or-false-clearly","Using a test function that does not return ",[15,38985,338],{},[15,38987,342],{}," clearly",[20,38990,38991],{},"Your function should make it obvious whether an item should stay.",[20,38993,38994],{},"Good example:",[65,38996,38998],{"className":67,"code":38997,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"def is_positive(number):\n    return number > 0\n",[15,38999,39000,39013],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,39001,39002,39004,39007,39009,39011],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,39003,34508],{"class":1711},[74,39005,39006],{"class":34511}," is_positive",[74,39008,107],{"class":106},[74,39010,1881],{"class":37318},[74,39012,8000],{"class":106},[74,39014,39015,39017,39019,39021],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,39016,34519],{"class":3529},[74,39018,6039],{"class":80},[74,39020,3903],{"class":84},[74,39022,38169],{"class":167},[20,39024,39025],{},"Then use it with:",[65,39027,39029],{"className":67,"code":39028,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [-2, -1, 0, 1, 2]\nprint(list(filter(is_positive, numbers)))\n",[15,39030,39031,39063],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,39032,39033,39035,39037,39039,39041,39043,39045,39047,39049,39051,39053,39055,39057,39059,39061],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,39034,3266],{"class":80},[74,39036,85],{"class":84},[74,39038,3271],{"class":106},[74,39040,1669],{"class":84},[74,39042,687],{"class":167},[74,39044,249],{"class":106},[74,39046,1864],{"class":84},[74,39048,2632],{"class":167},[74,39050,249],{"class":106},[74,39052,3485],{"class":167},[74,39054,249],{"class":106},[74,39056,5148],{"class":167},[74,39058,249],{"class":106},[74,39060,620],{"class":167},[74,39062,3284],{"class":106},[74,39064,39065,39067,39069,39071,39073,39075,39077,39080,39082,39084],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,39066,103],{"class":102},[74,39068,107],{"class":106},[74,39070,7751],{"class":1345},[74,39072,107],{"class":106},[74,39074,37257],{"class":102},[74,39076,107],{"class":106},[74,39078,39079],{"class":110},"is_positive",[74,39081,249],{"class":106},[74,39083,3914],{"class":110},[74,39085,2555],{"class":106},[20,39087,157],{},[65,39089,39091],{"className":67,"code":39090,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"[1, 2]\n",[15,39092,39093],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,39094,39095,39097,39099,39101,39103],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,39096,742],{"class":106},[74,39098,2632],{"class":167},[74,39100,249],{"class":106},[74,39102,620],{"class":167},[74,39104,3284],{"class":106},[262,39106,39108],{"id":39107},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-filter-object-after-it-has-been-consumed","Trying to reuse the same filter object after it has been consumed",[20,39110,39111],{},"A filter object is not stored like a list.",[65,39113,39114],{"className":67,"code":37853,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,39115,39116,39158,39162,39176],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,39117,39118,39120,39122,39124,39126,39128,39130,39132,39134,39136,39138,39140,39142,39144,39146,39148,39150,39152,39154,39156],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,39119,383],{"class":80},[74,39121,85],{"class":84},[74,39123,37310],{"class":102},[74,39125,107],{"class":106},[74,39127,37315],{"class":1711},[74,39129,37319],{"class":37318},[74,39131,679],{"class":106},[74,39133,3533],{"class":110},[74,39135,3903],{"class":84},[74,39137,620],{"class":167},[74,39139,249],{"class":106},[74,39141,3271],{"class":106},[74,39143,2632],{"class":167},[74,39145,249],{"class":106},[74,39147,620],{"class":167},[74,39149,249],{"class":106},[74,39151,2094],{"class":167},[74,39153,249],{"class":106},[74,39155,2100],{"class":167},[74,39157,751],{"class":106},[74,39159,39160],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,39161,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,39163,39164,39166,39168,39170,39172,39174],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,39165,103],{"class":102},[74,39167,107],{"class":106},[74,39169,7751],{"class":1345},[74,39171,107],{"class":106},[74,39173,418],{"class":110},[74,39175,130],{"class":106},[74,39177,39178,39180,39182,39184,39186,39188],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,39179,103],{"class":102},[74,39181,107],{"class":106},[74,39183,7751],{"class":1345},[74,39185,107],{"class":106},[74,39187,418],{"class":110},[74,39189,130],{"class":106},[20,39191,157],{},[65,39193,39194],{"className":67,"code":37934,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,39195,39196,39208],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,39197,39198,39200,39202,39204,39206],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,39199,742],{"class":106},[74,39201,321],{"class":167},[74,39203,249],{"class":106},[74,39205,2100],{"class":167},[74,39207,3284],{"class":106},[74,39209,39210],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,39211,37953],{"class":106},[20,39213,39214],{},"If you need to use the values again, convert once and save them:",[65,39216,39218],{"className":67,"code":39217,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"result = list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4]))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,39219,39220,39266,39270,39280],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,39221,39222,39224,39226,39228,39230,39232,39234,39236,39238,39240,39242,39244,39246,39248,39250,39252,39254,39256,39258,39260,39262,39264],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,39223,383],{"class":80},[74,39225,85],{"class":84},[74,39227,22216],{"class":1345},[74,39229,107],{"class":106},[74,39231,37257],{"class":102},[74,39233,107],{"class":106},[74,39235,37315],{"class":1711},[74,39237,37319],{"class":37318},[74,39239,679],{"class":106},[74,39241,3533],{"class":110},[74,39243,3903],{"class":84},[74,39245,620],{"class":167},[74,39247,249],{"class":106},[74,39249,3271],{"class":106},[74,39251,2632],{"class":167},[74,39253,249],{"class":106},[74,39255,620],{"class":167},[74,39257,249],{"class":106},[74,39259,2094],{"class":167},[74,39261,249],{"class":106},[74,39263,2100],{"class":167},[74,39265,2643],{"class":106},[74,39267,39268],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,39269,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,39271,39272,39274,39276,39278],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,39273,103],{"class":102},[74,39275,107],{"class":106},[74,39277,418],{"class":110},[74,39279,260],{"class":106},[74,39281,39282,39284,39286,39288],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,39283,103],{"class":102},[74,39285,107],{"class":106},[74,39287,418],{"class":110},[74,39289,260],{"class":106},[262,39291,39293],{"id":39292},"passing-a-non-iterable-as-the-second-argument","Passing a non-iterable as the second argument",[20,39295,39296],{},"The second argument must be something you can loop over.",[20,39298,16302],{},[65,39300,39302],{"className":67,"code":39301,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"# filter(lambda x: x > 2, 10)\n",[15,39303,39304],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,39305,39306],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,39307,39301],{"class":3314},[20,39309,39310,39311,6205],{},"This causes an error because ",[15,39312,1972],{},[20,39314,16314],{},[65,39316,39318],{"className":67,"code":39317,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])))\n",[15,39319,39320],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,39321,39322,39324,39326,39328,39330,39332,39334,39336,39338,39340,39342,39344,39346,39348,39350,39352,39354,39356,39358,39360,39362,39364],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,39323,103],{"class":102},[74,39325,107],{"class":106},[74,39327,7751],{"class":1345},[74,39329,107],{"class":106},[74,39331,37257],{"class":102},[74,39333,107],{"class":106},[74,39335,37315],{"class":1711},[74,39337,37319],{"class":37318},[74,39339,679],{"class":106},[74,39341,3533],{"class":110},[74,39343,3903],{"class":84},[74,39345,620],{"class":167},[74,39347,249],{"class":106},[74,39349,3271],{"class":106},[74,39351,2632],{"class":167},[74,39353,249],{"class":106},[74,39355,620],{"class":167},[74,39357,249],{"class":106},[74,39359,2094],{"class":167},[74,39361,249],{"class":106},[74,39363,2100],{"class":167},[74,39365,36920],{"class":106},[262,39367,1123,39369,1126,39371],{"id":39368},"confusing-filter-with-map",[15,39370,37231],{},[15,39372,39373],{},"map()",[30,39375,39376,39381],{},[33,39377,39378,39380],{},[15,39379,37231],{}," keeps or removes items",[33,39382,39383,39385],{},[15,39384,39373],{}," changes each item into a new value",[20,39387,39388,39389,679],{},"Example of ",[15,39390,37231],{},[65,39392,39394],{"className":67,"code":39393,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, numbers)))\n",[15,39395,39396,39420],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,39397,39398,39400,39402,39404,39406,39408,39410,39412,39414,39416,39418],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,39399,3266],{"class":80},[74,39401,85],{"class":84},[74,39403,3271],{"class":106},[74,39405,2632],{"class":167},[74,39407,249],{"class":106},[74,39409,620],{"class":167},[74,39411,249],{"class":106},[74,39413,2094],{"class":167},[74,39415,249],{"class":106},[74,39417,2100],{"class":167},[74,39419,3284],{"class":106},[74,39421,39422,39424,39426,39428,39430,39432,39434,39436,39438,39440,39442,39444,39446,39448,39450],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,39423,103],{"class":102},[74,39425,107],{"class":106},[74,39427,7751],{"class":1345},[74,39429,107],{"class":106},[74,39431,37257],{"class":102},[74,39433,107],{"class":106},[74,39435,37315],{"class":1711},[74,39437,37319],{"class":37318},[74,39439,679],{"class":106},[74,39441,3533],{"class":110},[74,39443,3903],{"class":84},[74,39445,620],{"class":167},[74,39447,249],{"class":106},[74,39449,3914],{"class":110},[74,39451,2555],{"class":106},[20,39453,157],{},[65,39455,39457],{"className":67,"code":39456,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"[3, 4]\n",[15,39458,39459],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,39460,39461,39463,39465,39467,39469],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,39462,742],{"class":106},[74,39464,321],{"class":167},[74,39466,249],{"class":106},[74,39468,2100],{"class":167},[74,39470,3284],{"class":106},[20,39472,39388,39473,679],{},[15,39474,39373],{},[65,39476,39478],{"className":67,"code":39477,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(map(lambda x: x * 2, numbers)))\n",[15,39479,39480,39504],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,39481,39482,39484,39486,39488,39490,39492,39494,39496,39498,39500,39502],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,39483,3266],{"class":80},[74,39485,85],{"class":84},[74,39487,3271],{"class":106},[74,39489,2632],{"class":167},[74,39491,249],{"class":106},[74,39493,620],{"class":167},[74,39495,249],{"class":106},[74,39497,2094],{"class":167},[74,39499,249],{"class":106},[74,39501,2100],{"class":167},[74,39503,3284],{"class":106},[74,39505,39506,39508,39510,39512,39514,39517,39519,39521,39523,39525,39527,39530,39532,39534,39536],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,39507,103],{"class":102},[74,39509,107],{"class":106},[74,39511,7751],{"class":1345},[74,39513,107],{"class":106},[74,39515,39516],{"class":102},"map",[74,39518,107],{"class":106},[74,39520,37315],{"class":1711},[74,39522,37319],{"class":37318},[74,39524,679],{"class":106},[74,39526,3533],{"class":110},[74,39528,39529],{"class":84},"*",[74,39531,620],{"class":167},[74,39533,249],{"class":106},[74,39535,3914],{"class":110},[74,39537,2555],{"class":106},[20,39539,157],{},[65,39541,39543],{"className":67,"code":39542,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"[2, 4, 6, 8]\n",[15,39544,39545],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,39546,39547,39549,39551,39553,39555,39557,39559,39561,39563],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,39548,742],{"class":106},[74,39550,687],{"class":167},[74,39552,249],{"class":106},[74,39554,2100],{"class":167},[74,39556,249],{"class":106},[74,39558,37299],{"class":167},[74,39560,249],{"class":106},[74,39562,6012],{"class":167},[74,39564,3284],{"class":106},[20,39566,39567,39568,114],{},"For the related function, see ",[125,39569,3223,39571,3156],{"href":39570},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained\u002F",[15,39572,39373],{},[60,39574,1471],{"id":1470},[262,39576,1517,39578,39580],{"id":39577},"does-filter-return-a-list-in-python-3",[15,39579,37231],{}," return a list in Python 3?",[20,39582,39583,39584,39586],{},"No. In Python 3, it returns a filter object. Convert it with ",[15,39585,24437],{}," if needed.",[262,39588,39590,39591,39593],{"id":39589},"what-does-the-function-inside-filter-need-to-return","What does the function inside ",[15,39592,37231],{}," need to return?",[20,39595,37538,39596,39598,39599,39601],{},[15,39597,338],{}," to keep an item and ",[15,39600,342],{}," to remove it.",[262,39603,27983,39605,39607],{"id":39604},"can-i-use-filter-without-lambda",[15,39606,37231],{}," without lambda?",[20,39609,39610],{},"Yes. You can pass a regular named function.",[262,39612,1495,39614,39617],{"id":39613},"what-does-filternone-items-do",[15,39615,39616],{},"filter(None, items)"," do?",[20,39619,39620,39621,39623,39624,16730,39626,114],{},"It removes falsy values such as ",[15,39622,327],{},", empty strings, ",[15,39625,3429],{},[15,39627,342],{},[262,39629,21076,39631,39633],{"id":39630},"should-i-use-filter-or-a-list-comprehension",[15,39632,37231],{}," or a list comprehension?",[20,39635,39636,39637,39639],{},"Both work. Many beginners find list comprehensions or ",[15,39638,5609],{}," loops easier to read.",[20,39641,39642],{},"If your goal is simple filtering:",[30,39644,39645,39651,39657],{},[33,39646,39647,39648,39650],{},"use ",[15,39649,37231],{}," when you already have a test function or want a functional style",[33,39652,39653,39654,39656],{},"use a ",[15,39655,5609],{}," loop when you want the clearest step-by-step logic",[33,39658,39659],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a short and readable result list",[20,39661,39662,39663,114],{},"For a task-based example, see ",[125,39664,4784],{"href":39665},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python\u002F",[60,39667,1527],{"id":1526},[30,39669,39670,39675,39679,39684,39690],{},[33,39671,39672],{},[125,39673,39674],{"href":38110},"Lambda functions in Python explained",[33,39676,39677],{},[125,39678,4870],{"href":39665},[33,39680,39681],{},[125,39682,39683],{"href":38839},"List comprehensions in Python explained",[33,39685,39686],{},[125,39687,3223,39688,3156],{"href":39570},[15,39689,39373],{},[33,39691,39692],{},[125,39693,4865],{"href":5237},[1566,39695,39696],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: 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code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":70,"searchDepth":99,"depth":99,"links":39698},[39699,39700,39702,39706,39709,39711,39713,39715,39717,39727,39739],{"id":62,"depth":99,"text":63},{"id":37365,"depth":99,"text":39701},"What filter() does",{"id":37499,"depth":99,"text":37500,"children":39703},[39704,39705],{"id":37516,"depth":133,"text":37516},{"id":3371,"depth":133,"text":3371},{"id":37675,"depth":99,"text":37676,"children":39707},[39708],{"id":37846,"depth":133,"text":37847},{"id":37959,"depth":99,"text":39710},"Using filter() with lambda",{"id":38114,"depth":99,"text":39712},"Using filter() with a named function",{"id":38276,"depth":99,"text":39714},"Using None with filter()",{"id":38456,"depth":99,"text":39716},"When to use filter()",{"id":913,"depth":99,"text":914,"children":39718},[39719,39721,39723,39724,39725],{"id":38849,"depth":133,"text":39720},"Expecting filter() to return a list",{"id":38982,"depth":133,"text":39722},"Using a test function that does not return True or False clearly",{"id":39107,"depth":133,"text":39108},{"id":39292,"depth":133,"text":39293},{"id":39368,"depth":133,"text":39726},"Confusing filter() with map()",{"id":1470,"depth":99,"text":1471,"children":39728},[39729,39731,39733,39735,39737],{"id":39577,"depth":133,"text":39730},"Does filter() return a list in Python 3?",{"id":39589,"depth":133,"text":39732},"What does the function inside filter() need to return?",{"id":39604,"depth":133,"text":39734},"Can I use filter() without lambda?",{"id":39613,"depth":133,"text":39736},"What does filter(None, items) do?",{"id":39630,"depth":133,"text":39738},"Should I use filter() or a list comprehension?",{"id":1526,"depth":99,"text":1527},"Master python filter function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained",{"title":37223,"description":39740},"reference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained","J9FdKm1wa-c3gDwJ_QQuBfzCHZa4aHKoE2spSvz7L8I",{"id":39747,"title":39748,"body":39749,"description":41899,"extension":1610,"meta":41900,"navigation":407,"path":41901,"seo":41902,"stem":41903,"__hash__":41904},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained.md","Python float() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":39750,"toc":41853},[39751,39754,39759,39765,39767,39819,39821,39840,39845,39849,39854,39857,39872,39875,39897,39899,39948,39950,39974,39976,39978,39993,39998,40006,40021,40023,40032,40035,40070,40074,40079,40083,40090,40125,40127,40143,40147,40150,40191,40193,40207,40211,40214,40238,40240,40249,40253,40256,40289,40291,40304,40308,40314,40333,40335,40343,40347,40352,40356,40362,40385,40387,40416,40419,40438,40442,40445,40472,40474,40508,40512,40515,40539,40543,40554,40556,40561,40566,40568,40652,40654,40696,40699,40703,40710,40719,40775,40782,40791,40796,40800,40871,40873,40882,40886,40889,40932,40934,40943,40947,40953,41003,41007,41012,41016,41040,41042,41051,41055,41079,41081,41092,41096,41120,41122,41130,41133,41150,41156,41160,41166,41169,41174,41177,41198,41200,41232,41235,41240,41242,41253,41255,41299,41303,41310,41362,41364,41373,41377,41380,41473,41476,41500,41504,41507,41599,41604,41608,41615,41620,41644,41646,41655,41660,41683,41685,41693,41700,41723,41731,41733,41746,41756,41758,41762,41769,41773,41782,41786,41793,41797,41801,41805,41818,41820,41850],[10,39752,39748],{"id":39753},"python-float-function-explained",[20,39755,8778,39756,39758],{},[15,39757,2527],{}," function converts a value into a floating-point number.",[20,39760,39761,39762,39764],{},"This is useful when you need decimal numbers in Python, especially when working with user input, file data, or numeric strings. In this guide, you will learn what ",[15,39763,2527],{}," does, what values it accepts, what errors it can raise, and how to use it safely.",[60,39766,63],{"id":62},[65,39768,39770],{"className":67,"code":39769,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(True))\n",[15,39771,39772,39786,39805],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,39773,39774,39776,39778,39780,39782,39784],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,39775,103],{"class":102},[74,39777,107],{"class":106},[74,39779,1834],{"class":1345},[74,39781,107],{"class":106},[74,39783,711],{"class":167},[74,39785,130],{"class":106},[74,39787,39788,39790,39792,39794,39796,39798,39801,39803],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,39789,103],{"class":102},[74,39791,107],{"class":106},[74,39793,1834],{"class":1345},[74,39795,107],{"class":106},[74,39797,122],{"class":88},[74,39799,39800],{"class":92},"3.14",[74,39802,122],{"class":88},[74,39804,130],{"class":106},[74,39806,39807,39809,39811,39813,39815,39817],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,39808,103],{"class":102},[74,39810,107],{"class":106},[74,39812,1834],{"class":1345},[74,39814,107],{"class":106},[74,39816,338],{"class":3504},[74,39818,130],{"class":106},[20,39820,157],{},[65,39822,39824],{"className":67,"code":39823,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"5.0\n3.14\n1.0\n",[15,39825,39826,39830,39835],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,39827,39828],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,39829,2122],{"class":167},[74,39831,39832],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,39833,39834],{"class":167},"3.14\n",[74,39836,39837],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,39838,39839],{"class":167},"1.0\n",[20,39841,176,39842,39844],{},[15,39843,2527],{}," to convert compatible values like integers, numeric strings, and booleans into floating-point numbers.",[60,39846,39848],{"id":39847},"what-float-does","What float() does",[20,39850,39851,39853],{},[15,39852,2527],{}," converts a value to a floating-point number.",[20,39855,39856],{},"A floating-point number is a number that can contain a decimal part, such as:",[30,39858,39859,39863,39867],{},[33,39860,39861],{},[15,39862,2134],{},[33,39864,39865],{},[15,39866,39800],{},[33,39868,39869],{},[15,39870,39871],{},"0.5",[20,39873,39874],{},"A few key points:",[30,39876,39877,39884,39887,39890],{},[33,39878,39879,39881,39882],{},[15,39880,2527],{}," returns a value of type ",[15,39883,1834],{},[33,39885,39886],{},"The result is always a floating-point number",[33,39888,39889],{},"It is often used to turn text into a number",[33,39891,39892,39893],{},"It is especially useful with values returned by ",[125,39894,39895],{"href":7877},[15,39896,2601],{},[20,39898,506],{},[65,39900,39902],{"className":67,"code":39901,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"number = float(\"2.75\")\nprint(number)\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,39903,39904,39924,39934],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,39905,39906,39908,39910,39913,39915,39917,39920,39922],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,39907,1859],{"class":80},[74,39909,85],{"class":84},[74,39911,39912],{"class":1345}," float",[74,39914,107],{"class":106},[74,39916,122],{"class":88},[74,39918,39919],{"class":92},"2.75",[74,39921,122],{"class":88},[74,39923,260],{"class":106},[74,39925,39926,39928,39930,39932],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,39927,103],{"class":102},[74,39929,107],{"class":106},[74,39931,1881],{"class":110},[74,39933,260],{"class":106},[74,39935,39936,39938,39940,39942,39944,39946],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,39937,103],{"class":102},[74,39939,107],{"class":106},[74,39941,1346],{"class":1345},[74,39943,107],{"class":106},[74,39945,1881],{"class":110},[74,39947,130],{"class":106},[20,39949,157],{},[65,39951,39953],{"className":67,"code":39952,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"2.75\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,39954,39955,39960],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,39956,39957],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,39958,39959],{"class":167},"2.75\n",[74,39961,39962,39964,39966,39968,39970,39972],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,39963,2935],{"class":84},[74,39965,2938],{"class":1711},[74,39967,2941],{"class":88},[74,39969,1834],{"class":92},[74,39971,2946],{"class":88},[74,39973,2949],{"class":84},[60,39975,227],{"id":226},[20,39977,6872],{},[65,39979,39981],{"className":67,"code":39980,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"float(value)\n",[15,39982,39983],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,39984,39985,39987,39989,39991],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,39986,1834],{"class":1345},[74,39988,107],{"class":106},[74,39990,246],{"class":110},[74,39992,260],{"class":106},[20,39994,39995,39996,114],{},"In most code, you pass one argument to ",[15,39997,2527],{},[20,39999,40000,40001,40003,40004,679],{},"If you call ",[15,40002,2527],{}," with no argument, Python returns ",[15,40005,3419],{},[65,40007,40009],{"className":67,"code":40008,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(float())\n",[15,40010,40011],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,40012,40013,40015,40017,40019],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,40014,103],{"class":102},[74,40016,107],{"class":106},[74,40018,1834],{"class":1345},[74,40020,6848],{"class":106},[20,40022,157],{},[65,40024,40026],{"className":67,"code":40025,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"0.0\n",[15,40027,40028],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,40029,40030],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,40031,40025],{"class":167},[20,40033,40034],{},"You can print the result directly or store it in a variable:",[65,40036,40038],{"className":67,"code":40037,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"price = float(\"19.99\")\nprint(price)\n",[15,40039,40040,40060],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,40041,40042,40045,40047,40049,40051,40053,40056,40058],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,40043,40044],{"class":80},"price ",[74,40046,85],{"class":84},[74,40048,39912],{"class":1345},[74,40050,107],{"class":106},[74,40052,122],{"class":88},[74,40054,40055],{"class":92},"19.99",[74,40057,122],{"class":88},[74,40059,260],{"class":106},[74,40061,40062,40064,40066,40068],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,40063,103],{"class":102},[74,40065,107],{"class":106},[74,40067,24806],{"class":110},[74,40069,260],{"class":106},[60,40071,40073],{"id":40072},"values-float-can-convert","Values float() can convert",[20,40075,40076,40078],{},[15,40077,2527],{}," can convert several common value types.",[262,40080,40082],{"id":40081},"integers","Integers",[20,40084,40085,40086,40089],{},"An integer becomes a float with ",[15,40087,40088],{},".0"," added:",[65,40091,40093],{"className":67,"code":40092,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(-2))\n",[15,40094,40095,40109],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,40096,40097,40099,40101,40103,40105,40107],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,40098,103],{"class":102},[74,40100,107],{"class":106},[74,40102,1834],{"class":1345},[74,40104,107],{"class":106},[74,40106,711],{"class":167},[74,40108,130],{"class":106},[74,40110,40111,40113,40115,40117,40119,40121,40123],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,40112,103],{"class":102},[74,40114,107],{"class":106},[74,40116,1834],{"class":1345},[74,40118,107],{"class":106},[74,40120,1669],{"class":84},[74,40122,687],{"class":167},[74,40124,130],{"class":106},[20,40126,157],{},[65,40128,40130],{"className":67,"code":40129,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"5.0\n-2.0\n",[15,40131,40132,40136],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,40133,40134],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,40135,2122],{"class":167},[74,40137,40138,40140],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,40139,1669],{"class":84},[74,40141,40142],{"class":167},"2.0\n",[262,40144,40146],{"id":40145},"numeric-strings","Numeric strings",[20,40148,40149],{},"Strings containing valid numbers can be converted:",[65,40151,40153],{"className":67,"code":40152,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(\"10\"))\n",[15,40154,40155,40173],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,40156,40157,40159,40161,40163,40165,40167,40169,40171],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,40158,103],{"class":102},[74,40160,107],{"class":106},[74,40162,1834],{"class":1345},[74,40164,107],{"class":106},[74,40166,122],{"class":88},[74,40168,39800],{"class":92},[74,40170,122],{"class":88},[74,40172,130],{"class":106},[74,40174,40175,40177,40179,40181,40183,40185,40187,40189],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,40176,103],{"class":102},[74,40178,107],{"class":106},[74,40180,1834],{"class":1345},[74,40182,107],{"class":106},[74,40184,122],{"class":88},[74,40186,1972],{"class":92},[74,40188,122],{"class":88},[74,40190,130],{"class":106},[20,40192,157],{},[65,40194,40196],{"className":67,"code":40195,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"3.14\n10.0\n",[15,40197,40198,40202],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,40199,40200],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,40201,39834],{"class":167},[74,40203,40204],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,40205,40206],{"class":167},"10.0\n",[262,40208,40210],{"id":40209},"strings-with-spaces","Strings with spaces",[20,40212,40213],{},"Extra spaces around the number are usually fine:",[65,40215,40217],{"className":67,"code":40216,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(float(\"  8.5  \"))\n",[15,40218,40219],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,40220,40221,40223,40225,40227,40229,40231,40234,40236],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,40222,103],{"class":102},[74,40224,107],{"class":106},[74,40226,1834],{"class":1345},[74,40228,107],{"class":106},[74,40230,122],{"class":88},[74,40232,40233],{"class":92},"  8.5  ",[74,40235,122],{"class":88},[74,40237,130],{"class":106},[20,40239,157],{},[65,40241,40243],{"className":67,"code":40242,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"8.5\n",[15,40244,40245],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,40246,40247],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,40248,40242],{"class":167},[262,40250,40252],{"id":40251},"booleans","Booleans",[20,40254,40255],{},"Boolean values also work:",[65,40257,40259],{"className":67,"code":40258,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(float(True))\nprint(float(False))\n",[15,40260,40261,40275],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,40262,40263,40265,40267,40269,40271,40273],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,40264,103],{"class":102},[74,40266,107],{"class":106},[74,40268,1834],{"class":1345},[74,40270,107],{"class":106},[74,40272,338],{"class":3504},[74,40274,130],{"class":106},[74,40276,40277,40279,40281,40283,40285,40287],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,40278,103],{"class":102},[74,40280,107],{"class":106},[74,40282,1834],{"class":1345},[74,40284,107],{"class":106},[74,40286,342],{"class":3504},[74,40288,130],{"class":106},[20,40290,157],{},[65,40292,40294],{"className":67,"code":40293,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"1.0\n0.0\n",[15,40295,40296,40300],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,40297,40298],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,40299,39839],{"class":167},[74,40301,40302],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,40303,40025],{"class":167},[262,40305,40307],{"id":40306},"existing-floats","Existing floats",[20,40309,40310,40311,40313],{},"If the value is already a float, ",[15,40312,2527],{}," returns a float version of it:",[65,40315,40317],{"className":67,"code":40316,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(float(4.2))\n",[15,40318,40319],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,40320,40321,40323,40325,40327,40329,40331],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,40322,103],{"class":102},[74,40324,107],{"class":106},[74,40326,1834],{"class":1345},[74,40328,107],{"class":106},[74,40330,2004],{"class":167},[74,40332,130],{"class":106},[20,40334,157],{},[65,40336,40337],{"className":67,"code":2028,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,40338,40339],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,40340,40341],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,40342,2028],{"class":167},[60,40344,40346],{"id":40345},"values-that-cause-errors","Values that cause errors",[20,40348,40349,40350,114],{},"Some values cannot be converted by ",[15,40351,2527],{},[262,40353,40355],{"id":40354},"non-numeric-text","Non-numeric text",[20,40357,40358,40359,679],{},"If the string does not contain a valid number, Python raises a ",[15,40360,40361],{},"ValueError",[65,40363,40365],{"className":67,"code":40364,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(float(\"hello\"))\n",[15,40366,40367],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,40368,40369,40371,40373,40375,40377,40379,40381,40383],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,40370,103],{"class":102},[74,40372,107],{"class":106},[74,40374,1834],{"class":1345},[74,40376,107],{"class":106},[74,40378,122],{"class":88},[74,40380,3497],{"class":92},[74,40382,122],{"class":88},[74,40384,130],{"class":106},[20,40386,29336],{},[65,40388,40390],{"className":67,"code":40389,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"ValueError: could not convert string to float: 'hello'\n",[15,40391,40392],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,40393,40394,40396,40398,40401,40403,40406,40408,40410,40412,40414],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,40395,40361],{"class":1345},[74,40397,679],{"class":106},[74,40399,40400],{"class":80}," could ",[74,40402,334],{"class":84},[74,40404,40405],{"class":80}," convert string to ",[74,40407,1834],{"class":1345},[74,40409,679],{"class":106},[74,40411,2941],{"class":88},[74,40413,3497],{"class":92},[74,40415,29355],{"class":88},[20,40417,40418],{},"This also happens with an empty string:",[65,40420,40422],{"className":67,"code":40421,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(float(\"\"))\n",[15,40423,40424],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,40425,40426,40428,40430,40432,40434,40436],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,40427,103],{"class":102},[74,40429,107],{"class":106},[74,40431,1834],{"class":1345},[74,40433,107],{"class":106},[74,40435,5924],{"class":88},[74,40437,130],{"class":106},[262,40439,40441],{"id":40440},"unsupported-types","Unsupported types",[20,40443,40444],{},"Some types are not accepted directly, such as lists and dictionaries:",[65,40446,40448],{"className":67,"code":40447,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(float([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,40449,40450],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,40451,40452,40454,40456,40458,40460,40462,40464,40466,40468,40470],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,40453,103],{"class":102},[74,40455,107],{"class":106},[74,40457,1834],{"class":1345},[74,40459,2629],{"class":106},[74,40461,2632],{"class":167},[74,40463,249],{"class":106},[74,40465,620],{"class":167},[74,40467,249],{"class":106},[74,40469,2094],{"class":167},[74,40471,2643],{"class":106},[20,40473,29336],{},[65,40475,40477],{"className":67,"code":40476,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"TypeError: float() argument must be a string or a real number, not 'list'\n",[15,40478,40479],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,40480,40481,40483,40485,40487,40489,40492,40495,40498,40500,40502,40504,40506],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,40482,2649],{"class":1345},[74,40484,679],{"class":106},[74,40486,39912],{"class":1345},[74,40488,7020],{"class":106},[74,40490,40491],{"class":80}," argument must be a string ",[74,40493,40494],{"class":84},"or",[74,40496,40497],{"class":80}," a real number",[74,40499,249],{"class":106},[74,40501,7757],{"class":84},[74,40503,2941],{"class":88},[74,40505,7751],{"class":92},[74,40507,29355],{"class":88},[262,40509,40511],{"id":40510},"strings-with-commas","Strings with commas",[20,40513,40514],{},"In normal Python code, a comma is not treated as a decimal point:",[65,40516,40518],{"className":67,"code":40517,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(float(\"3,14\"))\n",[15,40519,40520],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,40521,40522,40524,40526,40528,40530,40532,40535,40537],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,40523,103],{"class":102},[74,40525,107],{"class":106},[74,40527,1834],{"class":1345},[74,40529,107],{"class":106},[74,40531,122],{"class":88},[74,40533,40534],{"class":92},"3,14",[74,40536,122],{"class":88},[74,40538,130],{"class":106},[20,40540,2646,40541,114],{},[15,40542,40361],{},[20,40544,40545,40546,51,40550,114],{},"If you are fixing this specific problem, see ",[125,40547,40549],{"href":40548},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-float-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to float in Python",[125,40551,40553],{"href":40552},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-could-not-convert-string-to-float-fix\u002F","ValueError: could not convert string to float",[60,40555,305],{"id":304},[20,40557,40558,40560],{},[15,40559,2527],{}," returns a new float value.",[20,40562,330,40563,40565],{},[332,40564,334],{}," change the original value in place.",[20,40567,506],{},[65,40569,40571],{"className":67,"code":40570,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"6.5\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,40572,40573,40586,40600,40604,40614,40624,40638],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,40574,40575,40577,40579,40581,40584],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,40576,81],{"class":80},[74,40578,85],{"class":84},[74,40580,89],{"class":88},[74,40582,40583],{"class":92},"6.5",[74,40585,96],{"class":88},[74,40587,40588,40590,40592,40594,40596,40598],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,40589,1859],{"class":80},[74,40591,85],{"class":84},[74,40593,39912],{"class":1345},[74,40595,107],{"class":106},[74,40597,111],{"class":110},[74,40599,260],{"class":106},[74,40601,40602],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,40603,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,40605,40606,40608,40610,40612],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,40607,103],{"class":102},[74,40609,107],{"class":106},[74,40611,111],{"class":110},[74,40613,260],{"class":106},[74,40615,40616,40618,40620,40622],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,40617,103],{"class":102},[74,40619,107],{"class":106},[74,40621,1881],{"class":110},[74,40623,260],{"class":106},[74,40625,40626,40628,40630,40632,40634,40636],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,40627,103],{"class":102},[74,40629,107],{"class":106},[74,40631,1346],{"class":1345},[74,40633,107],{"class":106},[74,40635,111],{"class":110},[74,40637,130],{"class":106},[74,40639,40640,40642,40644,40646,40648,40650],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,40641,103],{"class":102},[74,40643,107],{"class":106},[74,40645,1346],{"class":1345},[74,40647,107],{"class":106},[74,40649,1881],{"class":110},[74,40651,130],{"class":106},[20,40653,157],{},[65,40655,40657],{"className":67,"code":40656,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"6.5\n6.5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,40658,40659,40664,40668,40682],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,40660,40661],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,40662,40663],{"class":167},"6.5\n",[74,40665,40666],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,40667,40663],{"class":167},[74,40669,40670,40672,40674,40676,40678,40680],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,40671,2935],{"class":84},[74,40673,2938],{"class":1711},[74,40675,2941],{"class":88},[74,40677,3090],{"class":92},[74,40679,2946],{"class":88},[74,40681,2949],{"class":84},[74,40683,40684,40686,40688,40690,40692,40694],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,40685,2935],{"class":84},[74,40687,2938],{"class":1711},[74,40689,2941],{"class":88},[74,40691,1834],{"class":92},[74,40693,2946],{"class":88},[74,40695,2949],{"class":84},[20,40697,40698],{},"In real programs, you usually assign the result to a variable so you can use it later.",[60,40700,40702],{"id":40701},"common-beginner-use-cases","Common beginner use cases",[262,40704,40706,40707,40709],{"id":40705},"convert-input-text-into-a-decimal-number","Convert ",[15,40708,2601],{}," text into a decimal number",[20,40711,1627,40712,40716,40717,114],{},[125,40713,40714,1944],{"href":7877},[15,40715,2601],{}," always returns a string. If you want to do math, you often need ",[15,40718,2527],{},[65,40720,40722],{"className":67,"code":40721,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"user_value = input(\"Enter a price: \")\nprice = float(user_value)\n\nprint(price * 2)\n",[15,40723,40724,40743,40757,40761],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,40725,40726,40728,40730,40732,40734,40736,40739,40741],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,40727,7895],{"class":80},[74,40729,85],{"class":84},[74,40731,7900],{"class":102},[74,40733,107],{"class":106},[74,40735,122],{"class":88},[74,40737,40738],{"class":92},"Enter a price: ",[74,40740,122],{"class":88},[74,40742,260],{"class":106},[74,40744,40745,40747,40749,40751,40753,40755],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,40746,40044],{"class":80},[74,40748,85],{"class":84},[74,40750,39912],{"class":1345},[74,40752,107],{"class":106},[74,40754,7924],{"class":110},[74,40756,260],{"class":106},[74,40758,40759],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,40760,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,40762,40763,40765,40767,40769,40771,40773],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,40764,103],{"class":102},[74,40766,107],{"class":106},[74,40768,40044],{"class":110},[74,40770,39529],{"class":84},[74,40772,620],{"class":167},[74,40774,260],{"class":106},[20,40776,40777,40778,40781],{},"If the user enters ",[15,40779,40780],{},"4.5",", the output will be:",[65,40783,40785],{"className":67,"code":40784,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"9.0\n",[15,40786,40787],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,40788,40789],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,40790,40784],{"class":167},[20,40792,40793,40794,114],{},"For more help with this, see ",[125,40795,8636],{"href":8635},[262,40797,40799],{"id":40798},"prepare-values-for-math","Prepare values for math",[65,40801,40803],{"className":67,"code":40802,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"a = \"2.5\"\nb = \"1.5\"\n\ntotal = float(a) + float(b)\nprint(total)\n",[15,40804,40805,40818,40831,40835,40860],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,40806,40807,40809,40811,40813,40816],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,40808,2198],{"class":80},[74,40810,85],{"class":84},[74,40812,89],{"class":88},[74,40814,40815],{"class":92},"2.5",[74,40817,96],{"class":88},[74,40819,40820,40822,40824,40826,40829],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,40821,2226],{"class":80},[74,40823,85],{"class":84},[74,40825,89],{"class":88},[74,40827,40828],{"class":92},"1.5",[74,40830,96],{"class":88},[74,40832,40833],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,40834,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,40836,40837,40840,40842,40844,40846,40848,40850,40852,40854,40856,40858],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,40838,40839],{"class":80},"total ",[74,40841,85],{"class":84},[74,40843,39912],{"class":1345},[74,40845,107],{"class":106},[74,40847,125],{"class":110},[74,40849,3311],{"class":106},[74,40851,2097],{"class":84},[74,40853,39912],{"class":1345},[74,40855,107],{"class":106},[74,40857,4412],{"class":110},[74,40859,260],{"class":106},[74,40861,40862,40864,40866,40869],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,40863,103],{"class":102},[74,40865,107],{"class":106},[74,40867,40868],{"class":110},"total",[74,40870,260],{"class":106},[20,40872,157],{},[65,40874,40876],{"className":67,"code":40875,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"4.0\n",[15,40877,40878],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,40879,40880],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,40881,40875],{"class":167},[262,40883,40885],{"id":40884},"convert-whole-numbers-to-floats","Convert whole numbers to floats",[20,40887,40888],{},"Sometimes a function or calculation expects float values:",[65,40890,40892],{"className":67,"code":40891,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"count = 7\nresult = float(count)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,40893,40894,40904,40918,40922],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,40895,40896,40899,40901],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,40897,40898],{"class":80},"count ",[74,40900,85],{"class":84},[74,40902,40903],{"class":167}," 7\n",[74,40905,40906,40908,40910,40912,40914,40916],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,40907,383],{"class":80},[74,40909,85],{"class":84},[74,40911,39912],{"class":1345},[74,40913,107],{"class":106},[74,40915,117],{"class":110},[74,40917,260],{"class":106},[74,40919,40920],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,40921,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,40923,40924,40926,40928,40930],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,40925,103],{"class":102},[74,40927,107],{"class":106},[74,40929,418],{"class":110},[74,40931,260],{"class":106},[20,40933,157],{},[65,40935,40937],{"className":67,"code":40936,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"7.0\n",[15,40938,40939],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,40940,40941],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,40942,40936],{"class":167},[262,40944,40946],{"id":40945},"convert-numbers-read-from-files-or-apis","Convert numbers read from files or APIs",[20,40948,40949,40950,40952],{},"Data often arrives as strings. ",[15,40951,2527],{}," helps turn that text into usable numbers.",[65,40954,40956],{"className":67,"code":40955,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"temperature_text = \"21.8\"\ntemperature = float(temperature_text)\n\nprint(temperature)\n",[15,40957,40958,40972,40988,40992],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,40959,40960,40963,40965,40967,40970],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,40961,40962],{"class":80},"temperature_text ",[74,40964,85],{"class":84},[74,40966,89],{"class":88},[74,40968,40969],{"class":92},"21.8",[74,40971,96],{"class":88},[74,40973,40974,40977,40979,40981,40983,40986],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,40975,40976],{"class":80},"temperature ",[74,40978,85],{"class":84},[74,40980,39912],{"class":1345},[74,40982,107],{"class":106},[74,40984,40985],{"class":110},"temperature_text",[74,40987,260],{"class":106},[74,40989,40990],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,40991,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,40993,40994,40996,40998,41001],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,40995,103],{"class":102},[74,40997,107],{"class":106},[74,40999,41000],{"class":110},"temperature",[74,41002,260],{"class":106},[60,41004,41006],{"id":41005},"special-values","Special values",[20,41008,41009,41011],{},[15,41010,2527],{}," can also create some special floating-point values.",[262,41013,41015],{"id":41014},"positive-infinity","Positive infinity",[65,41017,41019],{"className":67,"code":41018,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(float(\"inf\"))\n",[15,41020,41021],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,41022,41023,41025,41027,41029,41031,41033,41036,41038],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,41024,103],{"class":102},[74,41026,107],{"class":106},[74,41028,1834],{"class":1345},[74,41030,107],{"class":106},[74,41032,122],{"class":88},[74,41034,41035],{"class":92},"inf",[74,41037,122],{"class":88},[74,41039,130],{"class":106},[20,41041,157],{},[65,41043,41045],{"className":67,"code":41044,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"inf\n",[15,41046,41047],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,41048,41049],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,41050,41044],{"class":80},[262,41052,41054],{"id":41053},"negative-infinity","Negative infinity",[65,41056,41058],{"className":67,"code":41057,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(float(\"-inf\"))\n",[15,41059,41060],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,41061,41062,41064,41066,41068,41070,41072,41075,41077],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,41063,103],{"class":102},[74,41065,107],{"class":106},[74,41067,1834],{"class":1345},[74,41069,107],{"class":106},[74,41071,122],{"class":88},[74,41073,41074],{"class":92},"-inf",[74,41076,122],{"class":88},[74,41078,130],{"class":106},[20,41080,157],{},[65,41082,41084],{"className":67,"code":41083,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"-inf\n",[15,41085,41086],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,41087,41088,41090],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,41089,1669],{"class":84},[74,41091,41044],{"class":80},[262,41093,41095],{"id":41094},"not-a-number","Not a number",[65,41097,41099],{"className":67,"code":41098,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(float(\"nan\"))\n",[15,41100,41101],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,41102,41103,41105,41107,41109,41111,41113,41116,41118],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,41104,103],{"class":102},[74,41106,107],{"class":106},[74,41108,1834],{"class":1345},[74,41110,107],{"class":106},[74,41112,122],{"class":88},[74,41114,41115],{"class":92},"nan",[74,41117,122],{"class":88},[74,41119,130],{"class":106},[20,41121,157],{},[65,41123,41124],{"className":67,"code":756,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,41125,41126],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,41127,41128],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,41129,756],{"class":80},[20,41131,41132],{},"These values are valid floats, but they can be confusing at first:",[30,41134,41135,41140,41145],{},[33,41136,41137,41139],{},[15,41138,41035],{}," means positive infinity",[33,41141,41142,41144],{},[15,41143,41074],{}," means negative infinity",[33,41146,41147,41149],{},[15,41148,41115],{}," means “not a number”",[20,41151,41152,41153,41155],{},"Beginners usually do not need these right away, but it is helpful to know that ",[15,41154,2527],{}," accepts them.",[60,41157,41159],{"id":41158},"common-errors-and-fixes","Common errors and fixes",[20,41161,41162,41163,41165],{},"The most common problems with ",[15,41164,2527],{}," happen when the value is not in the right format.",[262,41167,40361],{"id":41168},"valueerror",[20,41170,14846,41171,41173],{},[15,41172,40361],{}," happens when the value is the right general type, usually a string, but the string is not a valid number.",[20,41175,41176],{},"Common causes:",[30,41178,41179,41185,41188,41191],{},[33,41180,41181,41182],{},"Passing non-numeric text like ",[15,41183,41184],{},"\"abc\"",[33,41186,41187],{},"Trying to convert an empty string",[33,41189,41190],{},"Using a comma instead of a decimal point",[33,41192,4355,41193],{},[125,41194,41195,41197],{"href":7877},[15,41196,2601],{}," returns a string",[20,41199,506],{},[65,41201,41203],{"className":67,"code":41202,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"value = \"abc\"\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,41204,41205,41218],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,41206,41207,41209,41211,41213,41216],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,41208,2089],{"class":80},[74,41210,85],{"class":84},[74,41212,89],{"class":88},[74,41214,41215],{"class":92},"abc",[74,41217,96],{"class":88},[74,41219,41220,41222,41224,41226,41228,41230],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,41221,103],{"class":102},[74,41223,107],{"class":106},[74,41225,1834],{"class":1345},[74,41227,107],{"class":106},[74,41229,246],{"class":110},[74,41231,130],{"class":106},[262,41233,2649],{"id":41234},"typeerror",[20,41236,14846,41237,41239],{},[15,41238,2649],{}," happens when the value type cannot be converted directly.",[20,41241,41176],{},[30,41243,41244,41247,41250],{},[33,41245,41246],{},"Passing a list",[33,41248,41249],{},"Passing a dictionary",[33,41251,41252],{},"Passing another unsupported type",[20,41254,506],{},[65,41256,41258],{"className":67,"code":41257,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"value = {\"price\": \"9.99\"}\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,41259,41260,41285],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,41261,41262,41264,41266,41268,41270,41272,41274,41276,41278,41281,41283],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,41263,2089],{"class":80},[74,41265,85],{"class":84},[74,41267,10148],{"class":106},[74,41269,122],{"class":88},[74,41271,24806],{"class":92},[74,41273,122],{"class":88},[74,41275,679],{"class":106},[74,41277,89],{"class":88},[74,41279,41280],{"class":92},"9.99",[74,41282,122],{"class":88},[74,41284,8965],{"class":106},[74,41286,41287,41289,41291,41293,41295,41297],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,41288,103],{"class":102},[74,41290,107],{"class":106},[74,41292,1834],{"class":1345},[74,41294,107],{"class":106},[74,41296,246],{"class":110},[74,41298,130],{"class":106},[262,41300,41302],{"id":41301},"clean-the-string-first","Clean the string first",[20,41304,41305,41306,41309],{},"If the string may contain extra spaces, ",[15,41307,41308],{},"strip()"," can help:",[65,41311,41313],{"className":67,"code":41312,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"value = \"  7.25  \"\nclean_value = value.strip()\n\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41314,41315,41328,41343,41347],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,41316,41317,41319,41321,41323,41326],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,41318,2089],{"class":80},[74,41320,85],{"class":84},[74,41322,89],{"class":88},[74,41324,41325],{"class":92},"  7.25  ",[74,41327,96],{"class":88},[74,41329,41330,41333,41335,41337,41339,41341],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,41331,41332],{"class":80},"clean_value ",[74,41334,85],{"class":84},[74,41336,8091],{"class":80},[74,41338,114],{"class":106},[74,41340,8292],{"class":110},[74,41342,8299],{"class":106},[74,41344,41345],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,41346,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,41348,41349,41351,41353,41355,41357,41360],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,41350,103],{"class":102},[74,41352,107],{"class":106},[74,41354,1834],{"class":1345},[74,41356,107],{"class":106},[74,41358,41359],{"class":110},"clean_value",[74,41361,130],{"class":106},[20,41363,157],{},[65,41365,41367],{"className":67,"code":41366,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"7.25\n",[15,41368,41369],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,41370,41371],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,41372,41366],{"class":167},[262,41374,41376],{"id":41375},"use-debugging-prints","Use debugging prints",[20,41378,41379],{},"If conversion fails, these checks are useful:",[65,41381,41383],{"className":67,"code":41382,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"value = \" 3.5 \"\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n\nclean_value = value.strip()\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41384,41385,41398,41402,41412,41426,41441,41445,41459],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,41386,41387,41389,41391,41393,41396],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,41388,2089],{"class":80},[74,41390,85],{"class":84},[74,41392,89],{"class":88},[74,41394,41395],{"class":92}," 3.5 ",[74,41397,96],{"class":88},[74,41399,41400],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,41401,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,41403,41404,41406,41408,41410],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,41405,103],{"class":102},[74,41407,107],{"class":106},[74,41409,246],{"class":110},[74,41411,260],{"class":106},[74,41413,41414,41416,41418,41420,41422,41424],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,41415,103],{"class":102},[74,41417,107],{"class":106},[74,41419,1346],{"class":1345},[74,41421,107],{"class":106},[74,41423,246],{"class":110},[74,41425,130],{"class":106},[74,41427,41428,41430,41432,41435,41437,41439],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,41429,103],{"class":102},[74,41431,107],{"class":106},[74,41433,41434],{"class":102},"repr",[74,41436,107],{"class":106},[74,41438,246],{"class":110},[74,41440,130],{"class":106},[74,41442,41443],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,41444,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,41446,41447,41449,41451,41453,41455,41457],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,41448,41332],{"class":80},[74,41450,85],{"class":84},[74,41452,8091],{"class":80},[74,41454,114],{"class":106},[74,41456,8292],{"class":110},[74,41458,8299],{"class":106},[74,41460,41461,41463,41465,41467,41469,41471],{"class":76,"line":6079},[74,41462,103],{"class":102},[74,41464,107],{"class":106},[74,41466,1834],{"class":1345},[74,41468,107],{"class":106},[74,41470,41359],{"class":110},[74,41472,130],{"class":106},[20,41474,41475],{},"Why this helps:",[30,41477,41478,41484,41489,41495],{},[33,41479,41480,41483],{},[15,41481,41482],{},"print(value)"," shows the visible content",[33,41485,41486,21023],{},[15,41487,41488],{},"print(type(value))",[33,41490,41491,41494],{},[15,41492,41493],{},"print(repr(value))"," reveals hidden spaces or characters",[33,41496,41497,41499],{},[15,41498,41308],{}," removes spaces at the start and end",[262,41501,41503],{"id":41502},"use-try-except-for-unsafe-input","Use try-except for unsafe input",[20,41505,41506],{},"If the value may not be valid, handle the error safely:",[65,41508,41510],{"className":67,"code":41509,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\ntry:\n    number = float(value)\n    print(\"Converted:\", number)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"That is not a valid number.\")\n",[15,41511,41512,41531,41535,41541,41556,41575,41584],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,41513,41514,41516,41518,41520,41522,41524,41527,41529],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,41515,2089],{"class":80},[74,41517,85],{"class":84},[74,41519,7900],{"class":102},[74,41521,107],{"class":106},[74,41523,122],{"class":88},[74,41525,41526],{"class":92},"Enter a number: ",[74,41528,122],{"class":88},[74,41530,260],{"class":106},[74,41532,41533],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,41534,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,41536,41537,41539],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,41538,29459],{"class":3529},[74,41540,6046],{"class":106},[74,41542,41543,41546,41548,41550,41552,41554],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,41544,41545],{"class":80},"    number ",[74,41547,85],{"class":84},[74,41549,39912],{"class":1345},[74,41551,107],{"class":106},[74,41553,246],{"class":110},[74,41555,260],{"class":106},[74,41557,41558,41560,41562,41564,41567,41569,41571,41573],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,41559,7726],{"class":102},[74,41561,107],{"class":106},[74,41563,122],{"class":88},[74,41565,41566],{"class":92},"Converted:",[74,41568,122],{"class":88},[74,41570,249],{"class":106},[74,41572,1839],{"class":110},[74,41574,260],{"class":106},[74,41576,41577,41579,41582],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,41578,29490],{"class":3529},[74,41580,41581],{"class":1345}," ValueError",[74,41583,6046],{"class":106},[74,41585,41586,41588,41590,41592,41595,41597],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,41587,7726],{"class":102},[74,41589,107],{"class":106},[74,41591,122],{"class":88},[74,41593,41594],{"class":92},"That is not a valid number.",[74,41596,122],{"class":88},[74,41598,260],{"class":106},[20,41600,41601,41602,114],{},"If you are dealing with this exact error, see ",[125,41603,40553],{"href":40552},[60,41605,41607],{"id":41606},"float-vs-int","float() vs int()",[20,41609,10248,41610,51,41612,41614],{},[15,41611,2527],{},[15,41613,2521],{}," convert values to numbers, but they do not behave the same way.",[20,41616,41617,41619],{},[15,41618,2527],{}," creates decimal numbers:",[65,41621,41623],{"className":67,"code":41622,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(float(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,41624,41625],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,41626,41627,41629,41631,41633,41635,41637,41640,41642],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,41628,103],{"class":102},[74,41630,107],{"class":106},[74,41632,1834],{"class":1345},[74,41634,107],{"class":106},[74,41636,122],{"class":88},[74,41638,41639],{"class":92},"3.9",[74,41641,122],{"class":88},[74,41643,130],{"class":106},[20,41645,157],{},[65,41647,41649],{"className":67,"code":41648,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"3.9\n",[15,41650,41651],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,41652,41653],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,41654,41648],{"class":167},[20,41656,41657,41659],{},[15,41658,2521],{}," creates whole numbers:",[65,41661,41663],{"className":67,"code":41662,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(int(\"10\"))\n",[15,41664,41665],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,41666,41667,41669,41671,41673,41675,41677,41679,41681],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,41668,103],{"class":102},[74,41670,107],{"class":106},[74,41672,1831],{"class":1345},[74,41674,107],{"class":106},[74,41676,122],{"class":88},[74,41678,1972],{"class":92},[74,41680,122],{"class":88},[74,41682,130],{"class":106},[20,41684,157],{},[65,41686,41687],{"className":67,"code":2018,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,41688,41689],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,41690,41691],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,41692,2018],{"class":167},[20,41694,41695,41696,41699],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,41697,41698],{},"int(\"3.9\")"," to work:",[65,41701,41703],{"className":67,"code":41702,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(int(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,41704,41705],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,41706,41707,41709,41711,41713,41715,41717,41719,41721],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,41708,103],{"class":102},[74,41710,107],{"class":106},[74,41712,1831],{"class":1345},[74,41714,107],{"class":106},[74,41716,122],{"class":88},[74,41718,41639],{"class":92},[74,41720,122],{"class":88},[74,41722,130],{"class":106},[20,41724,2646,41725,8259,41727,41730],{},[15,41726,40361],{},[15,41728,41729],{},"\"3.9\""," is not a valid integer string.",[20,41732,10371],{},[30,41734,41735,41741],{},[33,41736,41737,41740],{},[15,41738,41739],{},"float(\"3.9\")"," works",[33,41742,41743,41745],{},[15,41744,41698],{}," fails",[20,41747,41748,41749,41752,41753,41755],{},"If you want a full comparison, see ",[125,41750,41751],{"href":2518},"Python int() Function Explained",". You may also find ",[125,41754,2062],{"href":2061}," helpful.",[60,41757,1471],{"id":1470},[262,41759,41761],{"id":41760},"what-does-float-return-in-python","What does float() return in Python?",[20,41763,41764,41765,339,41767,114],{},"It returns a floating-point number, such as ",[15,41766,2134],{},[15,41768,39800],{},[262,41770,41772],{"id":41771},"can-float-convert-a-string","Can float() convert a string?",[20,41774,41775,41776,339,41779,114],{},"Yes, if the string contains a valid number like ",[15,41777,41778],{},"\"2.5\"",[15,41780,41781],{},"\"10\"",[262,41783,41785],{"id":41784},"why-does-floatabc-fail","Why does float(\"abc\") fail?",[20,41787,28716,41788,41790,41791,114],{},[15,41789,41184],{}," is not a valid numeric string, so Python raises a ",[15,41792,40361],{},[262,41794,41796],{"id":41795},"what-does-float-with-no-argument-return","What does float() with no argument return?",[20,41798,1501,41799,114],{},[15,41800,3419],{},[262,41802,41804],{"id":41803},"can-float-convert-true-and-false","Can float() convert True and False?",[20,41806,41807,41808,41810,41811,51,41814,41810,41816,114],{},"Yes. ",[15,41809,338],{}," becomes ",[15,41812,41813],{},"1.0",[15,41815,342],{},[15,41817,3419],{},[60,41819,1527],{"id":1526},[30,41821,41822,41826,41832,41837,41841,41845],{},[33,41823,41824],{},[125,41825,41751],{"href":2518},[33,41827,41828],{},[125,41829,41831],{"href":41830},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained\u002F","Python str() Function Explained",[33,41833,41834],{},[125,41835,41836],{"href":40548},"How to convert a string to float in Python",[33,41838,41839],{},[125,41840,8713],{"href":8635},[33,41842,41843],{},[125,41844,40553],{"href":40552},[33,41846,41847],{},[125,41848,41849],{"href":7877},"Python input() Function Explained",[1566,41851,41852],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki 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.default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":70,"searchDepth":99,"depth":99,"links":41854},[41855,41856,41857,41858,41865,41870,41871,41878,41883,41890,41891,41898],{"id":62,"depth":99,"text":63},{"id":39847,"depth":99,"text":39848},{"id":226,"depth":99,"text":227},{"id":40072,"depth":99,"text":40073,"children":41859},[41860,41861,41862,41863,41864],{"id":40081,"depth":133,"text":40082},{"id":40145,"depth":133,"text":40146},{"id":40209,"depth":133,"text":40210},{"id":40251,"depth":133,"text":40252},{"id":40306,"depth":133,"text":40307},{"id":40345,"depth":99,"text":40346,"children":41866},[41867,41868,41869],{"id":40354,"depth":133,"text":40355},{"id":40440,"depth":133,"text":40441},{"id":40510,"depth":133,"text":40511},{"id":304,"depth":99,"text":305},{"id":40701,"depth":99,"text":40702,"children":41872},[41873,41875,41876,41877],{"id":40705,"depth":133,"text":41874},"Convert input() text into a decimal number",{"id":40798,"depth":133,"text":40799},{"id":40884,"depth":133,"text":40885},{"id":40945,"depth":133,"text":40946},{"id":41005,"depth":99,"text":41006,"children":41879},[41880,41881,41882],{"id":41014,"depth":133,"text":41015},{"id":41053,"depth":133,"text":41054},{"id":41094,"depth":133,"text":41095},{"id":41158,"depth":99,"text":41159,"children":41884},[41885,41886,41887,41888,41889],{"id":41168,"depth":133,"text":40361},{"id":41234,"depth":133,"text":2649},{"id":41301,"depth":133,"text":41302},{"id":41375,"depth":133,"text":41376},{"id":41502,"depth":133,"text":41503},{"id":41606,"depth":99,"text":41607},{"id":1470,"depth":99,"text":1471,"children":41892},[41893,41894,41895,41896,41897],{"id":41760,"depth":133,"text":41761},{"id":41771,"depth":133,"text":41772},{"id":41784,"depth":133,"text":41785},{"id":41795,"depth":133,"text":41796},{"id":41803,"depth":133,"text":41804},{"id":1526,"depth":99,"text":1527},"Master python float function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained",{"title":39748,"description":41899},"reference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained","QDhcZeHPZNHjvzUBG1y5YosAc2zbXVrHayPblHEmejE",{"id":41906,"title":41907,"body":41908,"description":43128,"extension":1610,"meta":43129,"navigation":407,"path":34681,"seo":43130,"stem":43131,"__hash__":43132},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained.md","Python help() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":41909,"toc":43094},[41910,41913,41918,41921,41923,41962,41976,41980,41985,41988,42005,42008,42018,42033,42036,42038,42041,42057,42060,42063,42083,42087,42098,42101,42105,42109,42123,42158,42162,42173,42208,42211,42213,42221,42254,42270,42272,42282,42303,42314,42316,42321,42324,42338,42340,42359,42362,42375,42378,42382,42386,42400,42403,42421,42424,42439,42443,42448,42462,42468,42470,42526,42528,42561,42564,42580,42584,42591,42595,42600,42603,42614,42618,42623,42638,42647,42652,42671,42674,42686,42688,42693,42703,42706,42735,42740,42749,42753,42758,42761,42765,42770,42772,42802,42805,42812,42817,42822,42826,42829,42837,42840,42918,42921,42943,42945,42949,42952,42956,42962,43025,43029,43037,43041,43044,43046,43071,43091],[10,41911,41907],{"id":41912},"python-help-function-explained",[20,41914,3230,41915,41917],{},[15,41916,34684],{}," function shows built-in documentation inside Python.",[20,41919,41920],{},"It is useful when you want to quickly inspect a function, class, method, or module without leaving the Python shell. For beginners, it is a simple way to check what something does, what arguments it accepts, and how it is meant to be used.",[60,41922,63],{"id":62},[65,41924,41926],{"className":67,"code":41925,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"help(len)\nhelp(str)\nhelp('modules')\n",[15,41927,41928,41938,41948],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,41929,41930,41932,41934,41936],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,41931,31809],{"class":102},[74,41933,107],{"class":106},[74,41935,10820],{"class":102},[74,41937,260],{"class":106},[74,41939,41940,41942,41944,41946],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,41941,31809],{"class":102},[74,41943,107],{"class":106},[74,41945,3090],{"class":1345},[74,41947,260],{"class":106},[74,41949,41950,41952,41954,41956,41958,41960],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,41951,31809],{"class":102},[74,41953,107],{"class":106},[74,41955,2946],{"class":88},[74,41957,34317],{"class":92},[74,41959,2946],{"class":88},[74,41961,260],{"class":106},[20,41963,176,41964,41966,41967,339,41969,41971,41972,41975],{},[15,41965,34684],{}," to view built-in documentation in the Python shell. Pass an object like ",[15,41968,10820],{},[15,41970,3090],{},", or use a string such as ",[15,41973,41974],{},"'modules'"," for special interactive help topics.",[60,41977,41979],{"id":41978},"what-help-does","What help() does",[20,41981,41982,41984],{},[15,41983,34684],{}," displays Python’s built-in documentation.",[20,41986,41987],{},"You can use it to inspect:",[30,41989,41990,41993,41996,41999,42002],{},[33,41991,41992],{},"Functions",[33,41994,41995],{},"Classes",[33,41997,41998],{},"Methods",[33,42000,42001],{},"Modules",[33,42003,42004],{},"Some Python keywords and help topics",[20,42006,42007],{},"It is most useful in the Python shell, IDLE, or another interactive environment.",[20,42009,42010,42011,42017],{},"For example, if you forget how ",[125,42012,42014],{"href":42013},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained\u002F",[15,42015,42016],{},"len()"," works, you can ask Python directly:",[65,42019,42021],{"className":67,"code":42020,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"help(len)\n",[15,42022,42023],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,42024,42025,42027,42029,42031],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,42026,31809],{"class":102},[74,42028,107],{"class":106},[74,42030,10820],{"class":102},[74,42032,260],{"class":106},[20,42034,42035],{},"This is helpful when you are learning because you can explore Python while you code.",[60,42037,227],{"id":226},[20,42039,42040],{},"The main form is:",[65,42042,42044],{"className":67,"code":42043,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"help(object)\n",[15,42045,42046],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,42047,42048,42050,42052,42055],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,42049,31809],{"class":102},[74,42051,107],{"class":106},[74,42053,42054],{"class":1345},"object",[74,42056,260],{"class":106},[20,42058,42059],{},"You pass in the thing you want to learn about.",[20,42061,42062],{},"Common examples include:",[30,42064,42065,42069,42074,42078],{},[33,42066,42067],{},[15,42068,10820],{},[33,42070,42071],{},[15,42072,42073],{},"list.append",[33,42075,42076],{},[15,42077,3090],{},[33,42079,42080],{},[15,42081,42082],{},"open",[20,42084,6829,42085,6832],{},[15,42086,34684],{},[65,42088,42090],{"className":67,"code":42089,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"help()\n",[15,42091,42092],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,42093,42094,42096],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,42095,31809],{"class":102},[74,42097,8299],{"class":106},[20,42099,42100],{},"This opens interactive help mode, where you can type help topics and search for information from inside Python.",[60,42102,42104],{"id":42103},"common-things-you-can-inspect","Common things you can inspect",[262,42106,42108],{"id":42107},"built-in-functions","Built-in functions",[20,42110,42111,42112,220,42114,220,42116,16730,42119,114],{},"You can inspect built-in functions such as ",[15,42113,10820],{},[15,42115,103],{},[15,42117,42118],{},"input",[125,42120,42121],{"href":1940},[15,42122,1943],{},[65,42124,42126],{"className":67,"code":42125,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"help(print)\nhelp(input)\nhelp(type)\n",[15,42127,42128,42138,42148],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,42129,42130,42132,42134,42136],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,42131,31809],{"class":102},[74,42133,107],{"class":106},[74,42135,103],{"class":102},[74,42137,260],{"class":106},[74,42139,42140,42142,42144,42146],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,42141,31809],{"class":102},[74,42143,107],{"class":106},[74,42145,42118],{"class":102},[74,42147,260],{"class":106},[74,42149,42150,42152,42154,42156],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,42151,31809],{"class":102},[74,42153,107],{"class":106},[74,42155,1346],{"class":1345},[74,42157,260],{"class":106},[262,42159,42161],{"id":42160},"data-types","Data types",[20,42163,42164,42165,220,42167,220,42169,16730,42171,114],{},"You can inspect types such as ",[15,42166,3090],{},[15,42168,7751],{},[15,42170,8477],{},[15,42172,5939],{},[65,42174,42176],{"className":67,"code":42175,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"help(str)\nhelp(list)\nhelp(dict)\n",[15,42177,42178,42188,42198],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,42179,42180,42182,42184,42186],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,42181,31809],{"class":102},[74,42183,107],{"class":106},[74,42185,3090],{"class":1345},[74,42187,260],{"class":106},[74,42189,42190,42192,42194,42196],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,42191,31809],{"class":102},[74,42193,107],{"class":106},[74,42195,7751],{"class":1345},[74,42197,260],{"class":106},[74,42199,42200,42202,42204,42206],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,42201,31809],{"class":102},[74,42203,107],{"class":106},[74,42205,8477],{"class":1345},[74,42207,260],{"class":106},[20,42209,42210],{},"This is useful when you want to see available methods and basic behavior for a type.",[262,42212,41998],{"id":34164},[20,42214,42215,42216,51,42219,114],{},"You can inspect methods such as ",[15,42217,42218],{},"str.split",[15,42220,42073],{},[65,42222,42224],{"className":67,"code":42223,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"help(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\n",[15,42225,42226,42240],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,42227,42228,42230,42232,42234,42236,42238],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,42229,31809],{"class":102},[74,42231,107],{"class":106},[74,42233,3090],{"class":1345},[74,42235,114],{"class":106},[74,42237,34127],{"class":24406},[74,42239,260],{"class":106},[74,42241,42242,42244,42246,42248,42250,42252],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,42243,31809],{"class":102},[74,42245,107],{"class":106},[74,42247,7751],{"class":1345},[74,42249,114],{"class":106},[74,42251,13210],{"class":24406},[74,42253,260],{"class":106},[20,42255,42256,42257,1126,42259,27968,42264,42266,42267,42269],{},"If you are not sure what methods a type has, compare ",[15,42258,34684],{},[125,42260,42262],{"href":42261},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained\u002F",[15,42263,33969],{},[15,42265,33969],{}," shows available names, while ",[15,42268,34684],{}," explains one of them.",[262,42271,42001],{"id":34317},[20,42273,42274,42275,220,42277,16730,42279,114],{},"You can inspect modules such as ",[15,42276,18071],{},[15,42278,34847],{},[15,42280,42281],{},"os",[65,42283,42285],{"className":67,"code":42284,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"import math\nhelp(math)\n",[15,42286,42287,42293],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,42288,42289,42291],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,42290,34748],{"class":3529},[74,42292,34751],{"class":80},[74,42294,42295,42297,42299,42301],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,42296,31809],{"class":102},[74,42298,107],{"class":106},[74,42300,18071],{"class":110},[74,42302,260],{"class":106},[20,42304,42305,42306,42310,42311,114],{},"If you are still learning imports, see ",[125,42307,42309],{"href":42308},"\u002Flearn\u002Fhow-import-works-in-python\u002F","how import works in Python",". For a beginner-friendly module example, see the ",[125,42312,34814],{"href":42313},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview\u002F",[60,42315,34575],{"id":34574},[20,42317,42318,42320],{},[15,42319,34684],{}," output can look long at first. Do not try to read everything.",[20,42322,42323],{},"Focus on these parts first:",[30,42325,42326,42329,42332,42335],{},[33,42327,42328],{},"The function signature",[33,42330,42331],{},"The short description",[33,42333,42334],{},"Parameter names",[33,42336,42337],{},"Return value details, when shown",[20,42339,5122],{},[65,42341,42343],{"className":67,"code":42342,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"help(str.split)\n",[15,42344,42345],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,42346,42347,42349,42351,42353,42355,42357],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,42348,31809],{"class":102},[74,42350,107],{"class":106},[74,42352,3090],{"class":1345},[74,42354,114],{"class":106},[74,42356,34127],{"class":24406},[74,42358,260],{"class":106},[20,42360,42361],{},"When you read the output, look for:",[30,42363,42364,42367,42370,42372],{},[33,42365,42366],{},"What object this is",[33,42368,42369],{},"What arguments it accepts",[33,42371,21626],{},[33,42373,42374],{},"Short notes about how it behaves",[20,42376,42377],{},"A good beginner habit is to read the first few useful lines, then test the function yourself with a small example.",[60,42379,42381],{"id":42380},"when-help-is-useful","When help() is useful",[20,42383,42384,29529],{},[15,42385,34684],{},[30,42387,42388,42391,42394,42397],{},[33,42389,42390],{},"You forget how a built-in function works",[33,42392,42393],{},"You want to check method names on a type",[33,42395,42396],{},"You are exploring a new module",[33,42398,42399],{},"You want quick documentation while coding",[20,42401,42402],{},"For example, if you remember that strings have a method for splitting text but forget the exact details, you can run:",[65,42404,42405],{"className":67,"code":42342,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,42406,42407],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,42408,42409,42411,42413,42415,42417,42419],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,42410,31809],{"class":102},[74,42412,107],{"class":106},[74,42414,3090],{"class":1345},[74,42416,114],{"class":106},[74,42418,34127],{"class":24406},[74,42420,260],{"class":106},[20,42422,42423],{},"If you want to inspect file handling, you can also check:",[65,42425,42427],{"className":67,"code":42426,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"help(open)\n",[15,42428,42429],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,42430,42431,42433,42435,42437],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,42432,31809],{"class":102},[74,42434,107],{"class":106},[74,42436,42082],{"class":102},[74,42438,260],{"class":106},[60,42440,42442],{"id":42441},"limits-of-help","Limits of help()",[20,42444,42445,42447],{},[15,42446,34684],{}," is useful, but it has limits.",[30,42449,42450,42453,42456,42459],{},[33,42451,42452],{},"The output can feel dense for beginners",[33,42454,42455],{},"Some third-party libraries may have unclear or incomplete help text",[33,42457,42458],{},"It does not replace simple examples",[33,42460,42461],{},"It works best when combined with small practice programs",[20,42463,42464,42465,42467],{},"So, ",[15,42466,34684],{}," is great for quick checking, but you will usually learn faster if you also test what you read in short code examples.",[20,42469,5122],{},[65,42471,42473],{"className":67,"code":42472,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"a,b,c\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,42474,42475,42488,42511,42515],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,42476,42477,42479,42481,42483,42486],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,42478,81],{"class":80},[74,42480,85],{"class":84},[74,42482,89],{"class":88},[74,42484,42485],{"class":92},"a,b,c",[74,42487,96],{"class":88},[74,42489,42490,42493,42495,42497,42499,42501,42503,42505,42507,42509],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,42491,42492],{"class":80},"parts ",[74,42494,85],{"class":84},[74,42496,388],{"class":80},[74,42498,114],{"class":106},[74,42500,34127],{"class":110},[74,42502,107],{"class":106},[74,42504,122],{"class":88},[74,42506,249],{"class":92},[74,42508,122],{"class":88},[74,42510,260],{"class":106},[74,42512,42513],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,42514,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,42516,42517,42519,42521,42524],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,42518,103],{"class":102},[74,42520,107],{"class":106},[74,42522,42523],{"class":110},"parts",[74,42525,260],{"class":106},[20,42527,5210],{},[65,42529,42531],{"className":67,"code":42530,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,42532,42533],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,42534,42535,42537,42539,42541,42543,42545,42547,42549,42551,42553,42555,42557,42559],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,42536,742],{"class":106},[74,42538,2946],{"class":88},[74,42540,125],{"class":92},[74,42542,2946],{"class":88},[74,42544,249],{"class":106},[74,42546,2941],{"class":88},[74,42548,4412],{"class":92},[74,42550,2946],{"class":88},[74,42552,249],{"class":106},[74,42554,2941],{"class":88},[74,42556,9396],{"class":92},[74,42558,2946],{"class":88},[74,42560,3284],{"class":106},[20,42562,42563],{},"A good workflow is:",[28368,42565,42566,42571,42574,42577],{},[33,42567,176,42568,42570],{},[15,42569,34684],{}," to inspect something",[33,42572,42573],{},"Write a tiny example",[33,42575,42576],{},"Check the result",[33,42578,42579],{},"Repeat",[60,42581,42583],{"id":42582},"difference-between-help-and-dir","Difference between help() and dir()",[20,42585,42586,51,42588,42590],{},[15,42587,34684],{},[15,42589,33969],{}," are often used together, but they do different jobs.",[262,42592,42593],{"id":31809},[15,42594,34684],{},[20,42596,176,42597,42599],{},[15,42598,34684],{}," when you want an explanation.",[20,42601,42602],{},"It tells you:",[30,42604,42605,42608,42611],{},[33,42606,42607],{},"What something is",[33,42609,42610],{},"How to use it",[33,42612,42613],{},"What parameters it accepts",[262,42615,42616],{"id":34030},[15,42617,33969],{},[20,42619,176,42620,42622],{},[15,42621,33969],{}," when you want a list of available names or attributes.",[65,42624,42626],{"className":67,"code":42625,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"dir(str)\n",[15,42627,42628],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,42629,42630,42632,42634,42636],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,42631,34030],{"class":102},[74,42633,107],{"class":106},[74,42635,3090],{"class":1345},[74,42637,260],{"class":106},[20,42639,42640,42641,220,42643,16730,42645,114],{},"This shows many string methods, such as ",[15,42642,34127],{},[15,42644,8292],{},[15,42646,885],{},[20,42648,42649,42650,679],{},"Then you can inspect one of them with ",[15,42651,34684],{},[65,42653,42655],{"className":67,"code":42654,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"help(str.lower)\n",[15,42656,42657],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,42658,42659,42661,42663,42665,42667,42669],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,42660,31809],{"class":102},[74,42662,107],{"class":106},[74,42664,3090],{"class":1345},[74,42666,114],{"class":106},[74,42668,885],{"class":24406},[74,42670,260],{"class":106},[20,42672,42673],{},"A simple way to remember the difference:",[30,42675,42676,42681],{},[33,42677,176,42678,42680],{},[15,42679,33969],{}," to discover options",[33,42682,176,42683,42685],{},[15,42684,34684],{}," to understand one option",[60,42687,914],{"id":913},[20,42689,42690,42691,114],{},"Beginners often run into these small problems when using ",[15,42692,34684],{},[262,42694,571,42696,42699,42700],{"id":42695},"using-helplen-when-you-meant-helplen",[15,42697,42698],{},"help('len')"," when you meant ",[15,42701,42702],{},"help(len)",[20,42704,42705],{},"These are not always the same.",[65,42707,42709],{"className":67,"code":42708,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"help(len)\nhelp('len')\n",[15,42710,42711,42721],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,42712,42713,42715,42717,42719],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,42714,31809],{"class":102},[74,42716,107],{"class":106},[74,42718,10820],{"class":102},[74,42720,260],{"class":106},[74,42722,42723,42725,42727,42729,42731,42733],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,42724,31809],{"class":102},[74,42726,107],{"class":106},[74,42728,2946],{"class":88},[74,42730,10820],{"class":92},[74,42732,2946],{"class":88},[74,42734,260],{"class":106},[20,42736,42737,42739],{},[15,42738,42702],{}," asks for help on the actual function object.",[20,42741,42742,42744,42745,42748],{},[15,42743,42698],{}," treats ",[15,42746,42747],{},"'len'"," as a help topic string. That can work differently, so when you want to inspect a real function, use the function name without quotes.",[262,42750,42752],{"id":42751},"expecting-short-example-based-output","Expecting short, example-based output",[20,42754,42755,42757],{},[15,42756,34684],{}," is documentation, not a tutorial.",[20,42759,42760],{},"The text may be longer and more technical than you expect. Start with the first lines, then test the function yourself.",[262,42762,42764],{"id":42763},"running-help-in-a-script-and-not-noticing-where-output-goes","Running help() in a script and not noticing where output goes",[20,42766,40000,42767,42769],{},[15,42768,34684],{}," in a normal Python script, the documentation text is printed to the terminal or console.",[20,42771,506],{},[65,42773,42775],{"className":67,"code":42774,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"help(len)\nprint(\"Done\")\n",[15,42776,42777,42787],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,42778,42779,42781,42783,42785],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,42780,31809],{"class":102},[74,42782,107],{"class":106},[74,42784,10820],{"class":102},[74,42786,260],{"class":106},[74,42788,42789,42791,42793,42795,42798,42800],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,42790,103],{"class":102},[74,42792,107],{"class":106},[74,42794,122],{"class":88},[74,42796,42797],{"class":92},"Done",[74,42799,122],{"class":88},[74,42801,260],{"class":106},[20,42803,42804],{},"You may not see a neat interactive display like you do in the Python shell.",[262,42806,1123,42808,1126,42810],{"id":42807},"confusing-help-with-dir",[15,42809,34684],{},[15,42811,33969],{},[20,42813,42814,42815,114],{},"If you want a list of methods, use ",[15,42816,33969],{},[20,42818,42819,42820,114],{},"If you want an explanation of one method, use ",[15,42821,34684],{},[60,42823,42825],{"id":42824},"useful-commands-to-try","Useful commands to try",[20,42827,42828],{},"Open Python:",[65,42830,42831],{"className":67,"code":35199,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,42832,42833],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,42834,42835],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,42836,35199],{"class":80},[20,42838,42839],{},"Then test these commands:",[65,42841,42843],{"className":67,"code":42842,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"help(len)\nhelp(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\nhelp(open)\nhelp('keywords')\ndir(str)\n",[15,42844,42845,42855,42869,42883,42893,42908],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,42846,42847,42849,42851,42853],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,42848,31809],{"class":102},[74,42850,107],{"class":106},[74,42852,10820],{"class":102},[74,42854,260],{"class":106},[74,42856,42857,42859,42861,42863,42865,42867],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,42858,31809],{"class":102},[74,42860,107],{"class":106},[74,42862,3090],{"class":1345},[74,42864,114],{"class":106},[74,42866,34127],{"class":24406},[74,42868,260],{"class":106},[74,42870,42871,42873,42875,42877,42879,42881],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,42872,31809],{"class":102},[74,42874,107],{"class":106},[74,42876,7751],{"class":1345},[74,42878,114],{"class":106},[74,42880,13210],{"class":24406},[74,42882,260],{"class":106},[74,42884,42885,42887,42889,42891],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,42886,31809],{"class":102},[74,42888,107],{"class":106},[74,42890,42082],{"class":102},[74,42892,260],{"class":106},[74,42894,42895,42897,42899,42901,42904,42906],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,42896,31809],{"class":102},[74,42898,107],{"class":106},[74,42900,2946],{"class":88},[74,42902,42903],{"class":92},"keywords",[74,42905,2946],{"class":88},[74,42907,260],{"class":106},[74,42909,42910,42912,42914,42916],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,42911,34030],{"class":102},[74,42913,107],{"class":106},[74,42915,3090],{"class":1345},[74,42917,260],{"class":106},[20,42919,42920],{},"These are good starting points because they show different kinds of objects:",[30,42922,42923,42926,42929,42932,42935,42938],{},[33,42924,42925],{},"A built-in function",[33,42927,42928],{},"A string method",[33,42930,42931],{},"A list method",[33,42933,42934],{},"A built-in file function",[33,42936,42937],{},"A special help topic",[33,42939,14846,42940,42942],{},[15,42941,33969],{}," example for comparison",[60,42944,1471],{"id":1470},[262,42946,42948],{"id":42947},"what-does-help-return-in-python","What does help() return in Python?",[20,42950,42951],{},"It mainly prints documentation text to the screen. It is used for inspection, not for producing a useful return value in normal beginner code.",[262,42953,42955],{"id":42954},"can-i-use-help-on-my-own-functions","Can I use help() on my own functions?",[20,42957,42958,42959,42961],{},"Yes. You can pass your own function to ",[15,42960,34684],{}," to see its name, parameters, and docstring if it has one.",[65,42963,42965],{"className":67,"code":42964,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"def greet(name):\n    \"\"\"Return a friendly greeting.\"\"\"\n    return f\"Hello, {name}!\"\n\nhelp(greet)\n",[15,42966,42967,42979,42992,43011,43015],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,42968,42969,42971,42973,42975,42977],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,42970,34508],{"class":1711},[74,42972,34512],{"class":34511},[74,42974,107],{"class":106},[74,42976,7323],{"class":37318},[74,42978,8000],{"class":106},[74,42980,42981,42985,42989],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,42982,42984],{"class":42983},"s2W-s","    \"\"\"",[74,42986,42988],{"class":42987},"sithA","Return a friendly greeting.",[74,42990,42991],{"class":42983},"\"\"\"\n",[74,42993,42994,42996,42999,43002,43004,43006,43008],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,42995,34519],{"class":3529},[74,42997,42998],{"class":1711}," f",[74,43000,43001],{"class":92},"\"Hello, ",[74,43003,8934],{"class":167},[74,43005,7323],{"class":80},[74,43007,21959],{"class":167},[74,43009,43010],{"class":92},"!\"\n",[74,43012,43013],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,43014,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,43016,43017,43019,43021,43023],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,43018,31809],{"class":102},[74,43020,107],{"class":106},[74,43022,34554],{"class":110},[74,43024,260],{"class":106},[262,43026,43028],{"id":43027},"what-is-the-difference-between-helplen-and-helplen","What is the difference between help(len) and help('len')?",[20,43030,43031,43033,43034,43036],{},[15,43032,42702],{}," asks for documentation for the actual function object. ",[15,43035,42698],{}," treats the value as a help topic string, which is a different lookup style.",[262,43038,43040],{"id":43039},"why-is-help-useful-for-beginners","Why is help() useful for beginners?",[20,43042,43043],{},"It gives quick built-in documentation inside Python, so you can check how something works without searching elsewhere first.",[60,43045,1527],{"id":1526},[30,43047,43048,43053,43057,43062,43067],{},[33,43049,43050],{},[125,43051,43052],{"href":42261},"Python dir() function explained",[33,43054,43055],{},[125,43056,8100],{"href":1940},[33,43058,43059],{},[125,43060,43061],{"href":42013},"Python len() function explained",[33,43063,43064],{},[125,43065,43066],{"href":42308},"How import works in Python",[33,43068,43069],{},[125,43070,34814],{"href":42313},[20,43072,43073,43074,43076,43077,220,43079,16730,43081,43083,43084,339,43087,43090],{},"Try ",[15,43075,34684],{}," on three built-in functions you already know, such as ",[15,43078,10820],{},[15,43080,103],{},[15,43082,42118],{},". Then compare what you learn with ",[15,43085,43086],{},"dir(str)",[15,43088,43089],{},"dir(list)"," to build confidence exploring Python on your own.",[1566,43092,43093],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":70,"searchDepth":99,"depth":99,"links":43095},[43096,43097,43098,43099,43105,43106,43107,43108,43112,43120,43121,43127],{"id":62,"depth":99,"text":63},{"id":41978,"depth":99,"text":41979},{"id":226,"depth":99,"text":227},{"id":42103,"depth":99,"text":42104,"children":43100},[43101,43102,43103,43104],{"id":42107,"depth":133,"text":42108},{"id":42160,"depth":133,"text":42161},{"id":34164,"depth":133,"text":41998},{"id":34317,"depth":133,"text":42001},{"id":34574,"depth":99,"text":34575},{"id":42380,"depth":99,"text":42381},{"id":42441,"depth":99,"text":42442},{"id":42582,"depth":99,"text":42583,"children":43109},[43110,43111],{"id":31809,"depth":133,"text":34684},{"id":34030,"depth":133,"text":33969},{"id":913,"depth":99,"text":914,"children":43113},[43114,43116,43117,43118],{"id":42695,"depth":133,"text":43115},"Using help('len') when you meant help(len)",{"id":42751,"depth":133,"text":42752},{"id":42763,"depth":133,"text":42764},{"id":42807,"depth":133,"text":43119},"Confusing help() with dir()",{"id":42824,"depth":99,"text":42825},{"id":1470,"depth":99,"text":1471,"children":43122},[43123,43124,43125,43126],{"id":42947,"depth":133,"text":42948},{"id":42954,"depth":133,"text":42955},{"id":43027,"depth":133,"text":43028},{"id":43039,"depth":133,"text":43040},{"id":1526,"depth":99,"text":1527},"Master python help function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":41907,"description":43128},"reference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained","Vhkt5jzLBPMaA5aqAyYPSa-k-XAlASN-1vUAx7Hvu5k",{"id":43134,"title":43135,"body":43136,"description":44496,"extension":1610,"meta":44497,"navigation":407,"path":44498,"seo":44499,"stem":44500,"__hash__":44501},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained.md","Python id() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":43137,"toc":44469},[43138,43144,43149,43155,43165,43224,43234,43245,43250,43256,43258,43276,43284,43286,43288,43303,43306,43316,43318,43409,43412,43416,43421,43442,43444,43555,43557,43584,43595,43599,43602,43685,43687,43695,43701,43707,43711,43714,43824,43826,43839,43842,43856,43864,43871,43876,43890,43896,44009,44011,44072,44075,44081,44087,44090,44112,44115,44185,44188,44220,44227,44229,44232,44250,44253,44265,44271,44273,44278,44303,44306,44378,44380,44386,44389,44395,44398,44404,44414,44420,44423,44430,44433,44435,44466],[10,43139,3223,43141,3227],{"id":43140},"python-id-function-explained",[15,43142,43143],{},"id()",[20,43145,31974,43146,43148],{},[15,43147,43143],{}," function returns a number that identifies an object while that object exists.",[20,43150,43151,43152,43154],{},"Beginners usually see ",[15,43153,43143],{}," when learning how variables and objects work in Python. It can help you understand whether two variables point to the same object, especially with mutable objects like lists and dictionaries.",[20,43156,176,43157,43159,43160,43162,43163,114],{},[15,43158,43143],{}," for inspection and debugging. Do ",[332,43161,334],{}," use it to compare normal values. For value comparison, use ",[15,43164,4339],{},[65,43166,43168],{"className":67,"code":43167,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"name = \"Python\"\nprint(id(name))\n\nother = name\nprint(id(other))\n",[15,43169,43170,43182,43196,43200,43210],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,43171,43172,43174,43176,43178,43180],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,43173,7533],{"class":80},[74,43175,85],{"class":84},[74,43177,89],{"class":88},[74,43179,6951],{"class":92},[74,43181,96],{"class":88},[74,43183,43184,43186,43188,43190,43192,43194],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,43185,103],{"class":102},[74,43187,107],{"class":106},[74,43189,12308],{"class":102},[74,43191,107],{"class":106},[74,43193,7323],{"class":110},[74,43195,130],{"class":106},[74,43197,43198],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,43199,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,43201,43202,43205,43207],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,43203,43204],{"class":80},"other ",[74,43206,85],{"class":84},[74,43208,43209],{"class":80}," name\n",[74,43211,43212,43214,43216,43218,43220,43222],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,43213,103],{"class":102},[74,43215,107],{"class":106},[74,43217,12308],{"class":102},[74,43219,107],{"class":106},[74,43221,30399],{"class":110},[74,43223,130],{"class":106},[20,43225,43226,43227,43230,43231,43233],{},"In this example, ",[15,43228,43229],{},"other = name"," makes both variables refer to the same object, so the two ",[15,43232,43143],{}," values match.",[43235,43236,43237],"blockquote",{},[20,43238,176,43239,43241,43242,43244],{},[15,43240,43143],{}," to inspect object identity. Do not use it to check whether two values are equal. Use ",[15,43243,4339],{}," for value comparison.",[60,43246,3328,43248,38],{"id":43247},"what-id-does",[15,43249,43143],{},[20,43251,43252,43255],{},[15,43253,43254],{},"id(obj)"," returns an integer that identifies an object during its lifetime.",[20,43257,195],{},[30,43259,43260,43263,43270,43273],{},[33,43261,43262],{},"The returned value is unique for that object while it exists",[33,43264,43265,43266,43269],{},"It shows ",[332,43267,43268],{},"object identity",", not object value",[33,43271,43272],{},"Beginners mostly use it for learning and debugging",[33,43274,43275],{},"It is helpful when you want to see whether two names refer to the same object",[20,43277,43278,43279,43283],{},"This is closely related to how ",[125,43280,43282],{"href":43281},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-variables-explained-for-beginners","Python variables work",". A variable does not store a value in the same way a box stores an item. Instead, it refers to an object.",[60,43285,227],{"id":226},[20,43287,5084],{},[65,43289,43291],{"className":67,"code":43290,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"id(object)\n",[15,43292,43293],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,43294,43295,43297,43299,43301],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,43296,12308],{"class":102},[74,43298,107],{"class":106},[74,43300,42054],{"class":1345},[74,43302,260],{"class":106},[20,43304,43305],{},"Important details:",[30,43307,43308,43311,43313],{},[33,43309,43310],{},"It takes one argument",[33,43312,206],{},[33,43314,43315],{},"It works with strings, numbers, lists, dictionaries, functions, and other objects",[20,43317,506],{},[65,43319,43321],{"className":67,"code":43320,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"hello\"\nnumber = 42\nitems = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(id(text))\nprint(id(number))\nprint(id(items))\n",[15,43322,43323,43335,43343,43363,43367,43381,43395],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,43324,43325,43327,43329,43331,43333],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,43326,81],{"class":80},[74,43328,85],{"class":84},[74,43330,89],{"class":88},[74,43332,3497],{"class":92},[74,43334,96],{"class":88},[74,43336,43337,43339,43341],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,43338,1859],{"class":80},[74,43340,85],{"class":84},[74,43342,2413],{"class":167},[74,43344,43345,43347,43349,43351,43353,43355,43357,43359,43361],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,43346,7435],{"class":80},[74,43348,85],{"class":84},[74,43350,3271],{"class":106},[74,43352,2632],{"class":167},[74,43354,249],{"class":106},[74,43356,620],{"class":167},[74,43358,249],{"class":106},[74,43360,2094],{"class":167},[74,43362,3284],{"class":106},[74,43364,43365],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,43366,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,43368,43369,43371,43373,43375,43377,43379],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,43370,103],{"class":102},[74,43372,107],{"class":106},[74,43374,12308],{"class":102},[74,43376,107],{"class":106},[74,43378,111],{"class":110},[74,43380,130],{"class":106},[74,43382,43383,43385,43387,43389,43391,43393],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,43384,103],{"class":102},[74,43386,107],{"class":106},[74,43388,12308],{"class":102},[74,43390,107],{"class":106},[74,43392,1881],{"class":110},[74,43394,130],{"class":106},[74,43396,43397,43399,43401,43403,43405,43407],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,43398,103],{"class":102},[74,43400,107],{"class":106},[74,43402,12308],{"class":102},[74,43404,107],{"class":106},[74,43406,7466],{"class":110},[74,43408,130],{"class":106},[20,43410,43411],{},"Expected output will be three integers. The exact numbers will be different on your computer.",[60,43413,43415],{"id":43414},"object-identity-vs-value","Object identity vs value",[20,43417,43418,43419,114],{},"This is the most important idea behind ",[15,43420,43143],{},[30,43422,43423,43430,43437],{},[33,43424,43425,43427,43428],{},[15,43426,4339],{}," checks whether two objects have the same ",[332,43429,246],{},[33,43431,43432,43434,43435],{},[15,43433,11852],{}," checks whether two variables refer to the same ",[332,43436,42054],{},[33,43438,43439,43441],{},[15,43440,43143],{}," lets you inspect that identity as an integer",[20,43443,506],{},[65,43445,43447],{"className":67,"code":43446,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(a == b)   # True\nprint(a is b)   # False\nprint(id(a))\nprint(id(b))\n",[15,43448,43449,43469,43489,43493,43510,43527,43541],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,43450,43451,43453,43455,43457,43459,43461,43463,43465,43467],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,43452,2198],{"class":80},[74,43454,85],{"class":84},[74,43456,3271],{"class":106},[74,43458,2632],{"class":167},[74,43460,249],{"class":106},[74,43462,620],{"class":167},[74,43464,249],{"class":106},[74,43466,2094],{"class":167},[74,43468,3284],{"class":106},[74,43470,43471,43473,43475,43477,43479,43481,43483,43485,43487],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,43472,2226],{"class":80},[74,43474,85],{"class":84},[74,43476,3271],{"class":106},[74,43478,2632],{"class":167},[74,43480,249],{"class":106},[74,43482,620],{"class":167},[74,43484,249],{"class":106},[74,43486,2094],{"class":167},[74,43488,3284],{"class":106},[74,43490,43491],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,43492,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,43494,43495,43497,43499,43501,43503,43505,43507],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,43496,103],{"class":102},[74,43498,107],{"class":106},[74,43500,2198],{"class":110},[74,43502,4339],{"class":84},[74,43504,2203],{"class":110},[74,43506,3311],{"class":106},[74,43508,43509],{"class":3314},"   # True\n",[74,43511,43512,43514,43516,43518,43520,43522,43524],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,43513,103],{"class":102},[74,43515,107],{"class":106},[74,43517,2198],{"class":110},[74,43519,11852],{"class":3529},[74,43521,2203],{"class":110},[74,43523,3311],{"class":106},[74,43525,43526],{"class":3314},"   # False\n",[74,43528,43529,43531,43533,43535,43537,43539],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,43530,103],{"class":102},[74,43532,107],{"class":106},[74,43534,12308],{"class":102},[74,43536,107],{"class":106},[74,43538,125],{"class":110},[74,43540,130],{"class":106},[74,43542,43543,43545,43547,43549,43551,43553],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,43544,103],{"class":102},[74,43546,107],{"class":106},[74,43548,12308],{"class":102},[74,43550,107],{"class":106},[74,43552,4412],{"class":110},[74,43554,130],{"class":106},[20,43556,1821],{},[30,43558,43559,43567,43575],{},[33,43560,43561,4435,43564,43566],{},[15,43562,43563],{},"a == b",[15,43565,338],{}," because both lists contain the same values",[33,43568,43569,4435,43572,43574],{},[15,43570,43571],{},"a is b",[15,43573,342],{}," because they are different list objects",[33,43576,43577,51,43580,43583],{},[15,43578,43579],{},"id(a)",[15,43581,43582],{},"id(b)"," are usually different",[20,43585,43586,43587,51,43591,114],{},"If this topic feels confusing, it helps to read about ",[125,43588,43590],{"href":43589},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types","mutability in Python",[125,43592,43594],{"href":43593},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview","Python data types",[60,43596,43598],{"id":43597},"simple-example-with-shared-references","Simple example with shared references",[20,43600,43601],{},"When you assign one variable to another, both names can refer to the same object.",[65,43603,43605],{"className":67,"code":43604,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nother_numbers = numbers\n\nprint(id(numbers))\nprint(id(other_numbers))\nprint(numbers is other_numbers)\n",[15,43606,43607,43627,43637,43641,43655,43670],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,43608,43609,43611,43613,43615,43617,43619,43621,43623,43625],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,43610,3266],{"class":80},[74,43612,85],{"class":84},[74,43614,3271],{"class":106},[74,43616,1972],{"class":167},[74,43618,249],{"class":106},[74,43620,7446],{"class":167},[74,43622,249],{"class":106},[74,43624,7451],{"class":167},[74,43626,3284],{"class":106},[74,43628,43629,43632,43634],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,43630,43631],{"class":80},"other_numbers ",[74,43633,85],{"class":84},[74,43635,43636],{"class":80}," numbers\n",[74,43638,43639],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,43640,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,43642,43643,43645,43647,43649,43651,43653],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,43644,103],{"class":102},[74,43646,107],{"class":106},[74,43648,12308],{"class":102},[74,43650,107],{"class":106},[74,43652,3298],{"class":110},[74,43654,130],{"class":106},[74,43656,43657,43659,43661,43663,43665,43668],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,43658,103],{"class":102},[74,43660,107],{"class":106},[74,43662,12308],{"class":102},[74,43664,107],{"class":106},[74,43666,43667],{"class":110},"other_numbers",[74,43669,130],{"class":106},[74,43671,43672,43674,43676,43678,43680,43683],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,43673,103],{"class":102},[74,43675,107],{"class":106},[74,43677,3266],{"class":110},[74,43679,11852],{"class":3529},[74,43681,43682],{"class":110}," other_numbers",[74,43684,260],{"class":106},[20,43686,5210],{},[65,43688,43689],{"className":67,"code":3631,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,43690,43691],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,43692,43693],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,43694,3631],{"class":3504},[20,43696,43697,43698,43700],{},"The two ",[15,43699,43143],{}," values will also match.",[20,43702,21845,43703,43706],{},[15,43704,43705],{},"other_numbers = numbers"," does not create a new list. It creates a second reference to the same list.",[60,43708,43710],{"id":43709},"example-with-separate-objects","Example with separate objects",[20,43712,43713],{},"Now compare that with two separate lists that contain the same values.",[65,43715,43717],{"className":67,"code":43716,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"list_a = [1, 2, 3]\nlist_b = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(list_a == list_b)\nprint(list_a is list_b)\nprint(id(list_a))\nprint(id(list_b))\n",[15,43718,43719,43740,43761,43765,43780,43794,43809],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,43720,43721,43724,43726,43728,43730,43732,43734,43736,43738],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,43722,43723],{"class":80},"list_a ",[74,43725,85],{"class":84},[74,43727,3271],{"class":106},[74,43729,2632],{"class":167},[74,43731,249],{"class":106},[74,43733,620],{"class":167},[74,43735,249],{"class":106},[74,43737,2094],{"class":167},[74,43739,3284],{"class":106},[74,43741,43742,43745,43747,43749,43751,43753,43755,43757,43759],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,43743,43744],{"class":80},"list_b ",[74,43746,85],{"class":84},[74,43748,3271],{"class":106},[74,43750,2632],{"class":167},[74,43752,249],{"class":106},[74,43754,620],{"class":167},[74,43756,249],{"class":106},[74,43758,2094],{"class":167},[74,43760,3284],{"class":106},[74,43762,43763],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,43764,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,43766,43767,43769,43771,43773,43775,43778],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,43768,103],{"class":102},[74,43770,107],{"class":106},[74,43772,43723],{"class":110},[74,43774,4339],{"class":84},[74,43776,43777],{"class":110}," list_b",[74,43779,260],{"class":106},[74,43781,43782,43784,43786,43788,43790,43792],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,43783,103],{"class":102},[74,43785,107],{"class":106},[74,43787,43723],{"class":110},[74,43789,11852],{"class":3529},[74,43791,43777],{"class":110},[74,43793,260],{"class":106},[74,43795,43796,43798,43800,43802,43804,43807],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,43797,103],{"class":102},[74,43799,107],{"class":106},[74,43801,12308],{"class":102},[74,43803,107],{"class":106},[74,43805,43806],{"class":110},"list_a",[74,43808,130],{"class":106},[74,43810,43811,43813,43815,43817,43819,43822],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,43812,103],{"class":102},[74,43814,107],{"class":106},[74,43816,12308],{"class":102},[74,43818,107],{"class":106},[74,43820,43821],{"class":110},"list_b",[74,43823,130],{"class":106},[20,43825,5210],{},[65,43827,43829],{"className":67,"code":43828,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"True\nFalse\n",[15,43830,43831,43835],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,43832,43833],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,43834,3631],{"class":3504},[74,43836,43837],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,43838,3692],{"class":3504},[20,43840,43841],{},"What this means:",[30,43843,43844,43847,43850],{},[33,43845,43846],{},"The lists are equal in value",[33,43848,43849],{},"They are not the same object",[33,43851,43852,43853,43855],{},"Their ",[15,43854,43143],{}," values are usually different",[20,43857,43858,43859,43861,43862,114],{},"This is why ",[15,43860,43143],{}," should not replace ",[15,43863,4339],{},[60,43865,43867,43868,43870],{"id":43866},"when-id-is-useful","When ",[15,43869,43143],{}," is useful",[20,43872,43873,43875],{},[15,43874,43143],{}," can be useful in a few situations:",[30,43877,43878,43881,43884,43887],{},[33,43879,43880],{},"Checking whether two variables refer to the same object",[33,43882,43883],{},"Understanding mutable objects like lists and dictionaries",[33,43885,43886],{},"Debugging code that changes data in place",[33,43888,43889],{},"Learning how assignment works in Python",[20,43891,43892,43893,43895],{},"For example, if a list changes unexpectedly, ",[15,43894,43143],{}," can help you see whether two variables point to the same list:",[65,43897,43899],{"className":67,"code":43898,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"original = [\"a\", \"b\"]\ncopy_ref = original\n\ncopy_ref.append(\"c\")\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copy_ref)\nprint(id(original))\nprint(id(copy_ref))\n",[15,43900,43901,43925,43934,43938,43957,43961,43971,43981,43995],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,43902,43903,43905,43907,43909,43911,43913,43915,43917,43919,43921,43923],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,43904,11744],{"class":80},[74,43906,85],{"class":84},[74,43908,3271],{"class":106},[74,43910,122],{"class":88},[74,43912,125],{"class":92},[74,43914,122],{"class":88},[74,43916,249],{"class":106},[74,43918,89],{"class":88},[74,43920,4412],{"class":92},[74,43922,122],{"class":88},[74,43924,3284],{"class":106},[74,43926,43927,43930,43932],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,43928,43929],{"class":80},"copy_ref ",[74,43931,85],{"class":84},[74,43933,11782],{"class":80},[74,43935,43936],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,43937,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,43939,43940,43943,43945,43947,43949,43951,43953,43955],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,43941,43942],{"class":80},"copy_ref",[74,43944,114],{"class":106},[74,43946,13210],{"class":110},[74,43948,107],{"class":106},[74,43950,122],{"class":88},[74,43952,9396],{"class":92},[74,43954,122],{"class":88},[74,43956,260],{"class":106},[74,43958,43959],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,43960,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,43962,43963,43965,43967,43969],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,43964,103],{"class":102},[74,43966,107],{"class":106},[74,43968,11791],{"class":110},[74,43970,260],{"class":106},[74,43972,43973,43975,43977,43979],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,43974,103],{"class":102},[74,43976,107],{"class":106},[74,43978,43942],{"class":110},[74,43980,260],{"class":106},[74,43982,43983,43985,43987,43989,43991,43993],{"class":76,"line":6079},[74,43984,103],{"class":102},[74,43986,107],{"class":106},[74,43988,12308],{"class":102},[74,43990,107],{"class":106},[74,43992,11791],{"class":110},[74,43994,130],{"class":106},[74,43996,43997,43999,44001,44003,44005,44007],{"class":76,"line":6085},[74,43998,103],{"class":102},[74,44000,107],{"class":106},[74,44002,12308],{"class":102},[74,44004,107],{"class":106},[74,44006,43942],{"class":110},[74,44008,130],{"class":106},[20,44010,5210],{},[65,44012,44014],{"className":67,"code":44013,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,44015,44016,44044],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,44017,44018,44020,44022,44024,44026,44028,44030,44032,44034,44036,44038,44040,44042],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,44019,742],{"class":106},[74,44021,2946],{"class":88},[74,44023,125],{"class":92},[74,44025,2946],{"class":88},[74,44027,249],{"class":106},[74,44029,2941],{"class":88},[74,44031,4412],{"class":92},[74,44033,2946],{"class":88},[74,44035,249],{"class":106},[74,44037,2941],{"class":88},[74,44039,9396],{"class":92},[74,44041,2946],{"class":88},[74,44043,3284],{"class":106},[74,44045,44046,44048,44050,44052,44054,44056,44058,44060,44062,44064,44066,44068,44070],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,44047,742],{"class":106},[74,44049,2946],{"class":88},[74,44051,125],{"class":92},[74,44053,2946],{"class":88},[74,44055,249],{"class":106},[74,44057,2941],{"class":88},[74,44059,4412],{"class":92},[74,44061,2946],{"class":88},[74,44063,249],{"class":106},[74,44065,2941],{"class":88},[74,44067,9396],{"class":92},[74,44069,2946],{"class":88},[74,44071,3284],{"class":106},[20,44073,44074],{},"Both variables show the same updated list because they refer to the same object.",[60,44076,44078,44079],{"id":44077},"when-not-to-use-id","When not to use ",[15,44080,43143],{},[20,44082,44083,44084,44086],{},"Do not use ",[15,44085,43143],{}," as a normal comparison tool.",[20,44088,44089],{},"Avoid these mistakes:",[30,44091,44092,44098,44104,44107],{},[33,44093,44094,44095,44097],{},"Do not use it instead of ",[15,44096,4339],{}," for strings, numbers, lists, or other normal values",[33,44099,44100,44101,44103],{},"Do not store or depend on ",[15,44102,43143],{}," values across program runs",[33,44105,44106],{},"Do not assume the integer has a meaning you should interpret",[33,44108,44109,44110],{},"Do not build unnecessary program logic around ",[15,44111,43143],{},[20,44113,44114],{},"Bad example:",[65,44116,44118],{"className":67,"code":44117,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"a = \"cat\"\nb = \"cat\"\n\nif id(a) == id(b):\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,44119,44120,44132,44144,44148,44170],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,44121,44122,44124,44126,44128,44130],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,44123,2198],{"class":80},[74,44125,85],{"class":84},[74,44127,89],{"class":88},[74,44129,486],{"class":92},[74,44131,96],{"class":88},[74,44133,44134,44136,44138,44140,44142],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,44135,2226],{"class":80},[74,44137,85],{"class":84},[74,44139,89],{"class":88},[74,44141,486],{"class":92},[74,44143,96],{"class":88},[74,44145,44146],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,44147,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,44149,44150,44152,44154,44156,44158,44160,44162,44164,44166,44168],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,44151,6651],{"class":3529},[74,44153,14474],{"class":102},[74,44155,107],{"class":106},[74,44157,125],{"class":110},[74,44159,3311],{"class":106},[74,44161,6061],{"class":84},[74,44163,14474],{"class":102},[74,44165,107],{"class":106},[74,44167,4412],{"class":110},[74,44169,8000],{"class":106},[74,44171,44172,44174,44176,44178,44181,44183],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,44173,7726],{"class":102},[74,44175,107],{"class":106},[74,44177,122],{"class":88},[74,44179,44180],{"class":92},"The values are equal",[74,44182,122],{"class":88},[74,44184,260],{"class":106},[20,44186,44187],{},"This is the wrong test. Use:",[65,44189,44191],{"className":67,"code":44190,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"if a == b:\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,44192,44193,44206],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,44194,44195,44197,44200,44202,44204],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,44196,6651],{"class":3529},[74,44198,44199],{"class":80}," a ",[74,44201,4339],{"class":84},[74,44203,2203],{"class":80},[74,44205,6046],{"class":106},[74,44207,44208,44210,44212,44214,44216,44218],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,44209,7726],{"class":102},[74,44211,107],{"class":106},[74,44213,122],{"class":88},[74,44215,44180],{"class":92},[74,44217,122],{"class":88},[74,44219,260],{"class":106},[20,44221,176,44222,339,44224,44226],{},[15,44223,11852],{},[15,44225,43143],{}," only when identity actually matters.",[60,44228,20456],{"id":20455},[20,44230,44231],{},"There are a few details that can confuse beginners:",[30,44233,44234,44237,44240,44245],{},[33,44235,44236],{},"Some small values may appear to share identities because Python can reuse objects",[33,44238,44239],{},"That behavior can vary between Python implementations",[33,44241,44242,44243],{},"Do not assume equal immutable values always have the same ",[15,44244,43143],{},[33,44246,44247,44248],{},"Do not assume they always have different ",[15,44249,43143],{},[20,44251,44252],{},"The important rule is:",[30,44254,44255,44260],{},[33,44256,176,44257,44259],{},[15,44258,4339],{}," to check value",[33,44261,176,44262,44264],{},[15,44263,11852],{}," to check identity",[20,44266,44267,44268,44270],{},"In everyday Python code, ",[15,44269,43143],{}," is mainly an inspection tool. It is not something you use all the time.",[60,44272,914],{"id":913},[20,44274,44275,44276,679],{},"Here are common beginner mistakes with ",[15,44277,43143],{},[30,44279,44280,44287,44290,44293,44298],{},[33,44281,571,44282,1462,44284,44286],{},[15,44283,43143],{},[15,44285,4339],{}," should be used",[33,44288,44289],{},"Confusing identity with equality",[33,44291,44292],{},"Thinking the returned integer is a memory address you should rely on",[33,44294,44295,44296],{},"Assuming equal immutable values always have different or always have the same ",[15,44297,43143],{},[33,44299,571,44300,44302],{},[15,44301,43143],{}," to make program logic decisions unnecessarily",[20,44304,44305],{},"If you are debugging, these commands are often helpful:",[65,44307,44309],{"className":67,"code":44308,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(id(my_object))\nprint(a == b)\nprint(a is b)\nprint(type(my_object))\nhelp(id)\n",[15,44310,44311,44326,44340,44354,44368],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,44312,44313,44315,44317,44319,44321,44324],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,44314,103],{"class":102},[74,44316,107],{"class":106},[74,44318,12308],{"class":102},[74,44320,107],{"class":106},[74,44322,44323],{"class":110},"my_object",[74,44325,130],{"class":106},[74,44327,44328,44330,44332,44334,44336,44338],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,44329,103],{"class":102},[74,44331,107],{"class":106},[74,44333,2198],{"class":110},[74,44335,4339],{"class":84},[74,44337,2203],{"class":110},[74,44339,260],{"class":106},[74,44341,44342,44344,44346,44348,44350,44352],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,44343,103],{"class":102},[74,44345,107],{"class":106},[74,44347,2198],{"class":110},[74,44349,11852],{"class":3529},[74,44351,2203],{"class":110},[74,44353,260],{"class":106},[74,44355,44356,44358,44360,44362,44364,44366],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,44357,103],{"class":102},[74,44359,107],{"class":106},[74,44361,1346],{"class":1345},[74,44363,107],{"class":106},[74,44365,44323],{"class":110},[74,44367,130],{"class":106},[74,44369,44370,44372,44374,44376],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,44371,31809],{"class":102},[74,44373,107],{"class":106},[74,44375,12308],{"class":102},[74,44377,260],{"class":106},[60,44379,1471],{"id":1470},[262,44381,44383,44384,12374],{"id":44382},"what-does-python-id-return","What does Python ",[15,44385,43143],{},[20,44387,44388],{},"It returns an integer that identifies an object for as long as that object exists.",[262,44390,1485,44392,44394],{"id":44391},"is-id-the-same-as-a-memory-address",[15,44393,43143],{}," the same as a memory address?",[20,44396,44397],{},"In CPython, it is often related to the memory address, but beginners should treat it as an identity value, not as something to depend on.",[262,44399,21076,44401,44403],{"id":44400},"should-i-use-id-to-compare-two-values",[15,44402,43143],{}," to compare two values?",[20,44405,29926,44406,44408,44409,339,44411,44413],{},[15,44407,4339],{}," to compare values. Use ",[15,44410,43143],{},[15,44412,11852],{}," only when you need to know whether two variables refer to the same object.",[262,44415,44417,44418,2135],{"id":44416},"why-do-two-variables-sometimes-have-the-same-id","Why do two variables sometimes have the same ",[15,44419,43143],{},[20,44421,44422],{},"Because they can point to the same object.",[262,44424,44426,44427,44429],{"id":44425},"why-do-equal-lists-have-different-id-values","Why do equal lists have different ",[15,44428,43143],{}," values?",[20,44431,44432],{},"Because they can store the same values but still be separate objects.",[60,44434,1527],{"id":1526},[30,44436,44437,44442,44447,44452,44460],{},[33,44438,44439],{},[125,44440,44441],{"href":43281},"Python variables explained for beginners",[33,44443,44444],{},[125,44445,44446],{"href":43589},"Mutability in Python: mutable vs immutable types",[33,44448,44449],{},[125,44450,44451],{"href":43593},"Python data types overview",[33,44453,44454],{},[125,44455,3223,44457,3156],{"href":44456},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained",[15,44458,44459],{},"isinstance()",[33,44461,44462],{},[125,44463,44465],{"href":44464},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-functions-explained","Python functions explained",[1566,44467,44468],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":70,"searchDepth":99,"depth":99,"links":44470},[44471,44473,44474,44475,44476,44477,44479,44481,44482,44483,44495],{"id":43247,"depth":99,"text":44472},"What id() does",{"id":226,"depth":99,"text":227},{"id":43414,"depth":99,"text":43415},{"id":43597,"depth":99,"text":43598},{"id":43709,"depth":99,"text":43710},{"id":43866,"depth":99,"text":44478},"When id() is useful",{"id":44077,"depth":99,"text":44480},"When not to use id()",{"id":20455,"depth":99,"text":20456},{"id":913,"depth":99,"text":914},{"id":1470,"depth":99,"text":1471,"children":44484},[44485,44487,44489,44491,44493],{"id":44382,"depth":133,"text":44486},"What does Python id() return?",{"id":44391,"depth":133,"text":44488},"Is id() the same as a memory address?",{"id":44400,"depth":133,"text":44490},"Should I use id() to compare two values?",{"id":44416,"depth":133,"text":44492},"Why do two variables sometimes have the same id()?",{"id":44425,"depth":133,"text":44494},"Why do equal lists have different id() values?",{"id":1526,"depth":99,"text":1527},"Master python id function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained",{"title":43135,"description":44496},"reference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained","urpvIG90OiBF3OAxMd-CGWa-9xnfjJsWk0ZM8U_FOZA",{"id":44503,"title":41849,"body":44504,"description":46144,"extension":1610,"meta":46145,"navigation":407,"path":46146,"seo":46147,"stem":46148,"__hash__":46149},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":44505,"toc":46110},[44506,44511,44516,44519,44521,44564,44569,44572,44577,44582,44585,44601,44603,44647,44649,44676,44678,44693,44695,44697,44699,44715,44717,44729,44732,44766,44769,44794,44799,44801,44806,44810,44813,44815,44863,44865,44898,44904,44915,44917,44969,44971,45002,45004,45008,45012,45055,45061,45067,45119,45127,45132,45136,45227,45229,45262,45265,45267,45327,45329,45355,45365,45367,45371,45376,45381,45383,45420,45422,45441,45444,45448,45451,45507,45519,45528,45530,45557,45565,45572,45576,45579,45616,45619,45625,45662,45664,45668,45674,45692,45697,45745,45749,45838,45841,45848,45850,45852,45857,45875,45877,45920,45926,45943,45945,46007,46009,46011,46017,46025,46031,46037,46046,46056,46060,46068,46070,46072,46107],[10,44507,3223,44509,3227],{"id":44508},"python-input-function-explained",[15,44510,2601],{},[20,44512,1627,44513,44515],{},[15,44514,2601],{}," function lets your Python program receive text from the user.",[20,44517,44518],{},"It is one of the most common beginner tools in Python because it makes programs interactive. You can use it to ask for a name, an age, a number, or any other value the user types.",[60,44520,63],{"id":62},[65,44522,44524],{"className":67,"code":44523,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(\"Hello, \" + name)\n",[15,44525,44526,44545],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,44527,44528,44530,44532,44534,44536,44538,44541,44543],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,44529,7533],{"class":80},[74,44531,85],{"class":84},[74,44533,7900],{"class":102},[74,44535,107],{"class":106},[74,44537,122],{"class":88},[74,44539,44540],{"class":92},"Enter your name: ",[74,44542,122],{"class":88},[74,44544,260],{"class":106},[74,44546,44547,44549,44551,44553,44556,44558,44560,44562],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,44548,103],{"class":102},[74,44550,107],{"class":106},[74,44552,122],{"class":88},[74,44554,44555],{"class":92},"Hello, ",[74,44557,122],{"class":88},[74,44559,2097],{"class":84},[74,44561,35649],{"class":110},[74,44563,260],{"class":106},[20,44565,176,44566,44568],{},[15,44567,2601],{}," to get text from the user. It always returns a string.",[44570,44571],"hr",{},[60,44573,3328,44575,38],{"id":44574},"what-input-does",[15,44576,2601],{},[20,44578,44579,44581],{},[15,44580,2601],{}," pauses the program and waits for the user to type something.",[20,44583,44584],{},"Here is what happens:",[30,44586,44587,44592,44595,44598],{},[33,44588,44589,44591],{},[15,44590,2601],{}," waits for the user to type",[33,44593,44594],{},"It reads text from the keyboard",[33,44596,44597],{},"It returns the typed value as a string",[33,44599,44600],{},"The program continues after the user presses Enter",[20,44602,506],{},[65,44604,44606],{"className":67,"code":44605,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\nprint(\"Your favorite color is\", color)\n",[15,44607,44608,44628],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,44609,44610,44613,44615,44617,44619,44621,44624,44626],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,44611,44612],{"class":80},"color ",[74,44614,85],{"class":84},[74,44616,7900],{"class":102},[74,44618,107],{"class":106},[74,44620,122],{"class":88},[74,44622,44623],{"class":92},"What is your favorite color? ",[74,44625,122],{"class":88},[74,44627,260],{"class":106},[74,44629,44630,44632,44634,44636,44639,44641,44643,44645],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,44631,103],{"class":102},[74,44633,107],{"class":106},[74,44635,122],{"class":88},[74,44637,44638],{"class":92},"Your favorite color is",[74,44640,122],{"class":88},[74,44642,249],{"class":106},[74,44644,35508],{"class":110},[74,44646,260],{"class":106},[20,44648,29685],{},[65,44650,44652],{"className":67,"code":44651,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"What is your favorite color? blue\nYour favorite color is blue\n",[15,44653,44654,44667],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,44655,44656,44658,44660,44663,44665],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,44657,3328],{"class":80},[74,44659,11852],{"class":84},[74,44661,44662],{"class":80}," your favorite color",[74,44664,2135],{"class":37022},[74,44666,35538],{"class":80},[74,44668,44669,44672,44674],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,44670,44671],{"class":80},"Your favorite color ",[74,44673,11852],{"class":84},[74,44675,35538],{"class":80},[20,44677,19612],{},[30,44679,44680,44685,44690],{},[33,44681,44682,44683],{},"The prompt is ",[15,44684,44623],{},[33,44686,44687,44688],{},"The user's answer is stored in ",[15,44689,32548],{},[33,44691,44692],{},"That value is then printed",[44570,44694],{},[60,44696,227],{"id":226},[20,44698,6872],{},[65,44700,44702],{"className":67,"code":44701,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"input(prompt)\n",[15,44703,44704],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,44705,44706,44708,44710,44713],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,44707,42118],{"class":102},[74,44709,107],{"class":106},[74,44711,44712],{"class":110},"prompt",[74,44714,260],{"class":106},[20,44716,11117],{},[30,44718,44719,44723,44726],{},[33,44720,1627,44721,19694],{},[15,44722,44712],{},[33,44724,44725],{},"The prompt appears before the user types",[33,44727,44728],{},"You usually store the result in a variable",[20,44730,44731],{},"Example with a prompt:",[65,44733,44735],{"className":67,"code":44734,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"username = input(\"Enter your username: \")\nprint(username)\n",[15,44736,44737,44756],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,44738,44739,44741,44743,44745,44747,44749,44752,44754],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,44740,7618],{"class":80},[74,44742,85],{"class":84},[74,44744,7900],{"class":102},[74,44746,107],{"class":106},[74,44748,122],{"class":88},[74,44750,44751],{"class":92},"Enter your username: ",[74,44753,122],{"class":88},[74,44755,260],{"class":106},[74,44757,44758,44760,44762,44764],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,44759,103],{"class":102},[74,44761,107],{"class":106},[74,44763,7642],{"class":110},[74,44765,260],{"class":106},[20,44767,44768],{},"Example without a prompt:",[65,44770,44772],{"className":67,"code":44771,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"value = input()\nprint(value)\n",[15,44773,44774,44784],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,44775,44776,44778,44780,44782],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,44777,2089],{"class":80},[74,44779,85],{"class":84},[74,44781,7900],{"class":102},[74,44783,8299],{"class":106},[74,44785,44786,44788,44790,44792],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,44787,103],{"class":102},[74,44789,107],{"class":106},[74,44791,246],{"class":110},[74,44793,260],{"class":106},[20,44795,7418,44796,44798],{},[15,44797,2601],{}," without a prompt, but a clear prompt is usually better. It helps the user know what to enter.",[44570,44800],{},[60,44802,3328,44804,11363],{"id":44803},"what-input-returns",[15,44805,2601],{},[20,44807,44808,7883],{},[15,44809,2601],{},[20,44811,44812],{},"That is true even if the user types a number.",[20,44814,506],{},[65,44816,44818],{"className":67,"code":44817,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"age = input(\"Enter your age: \")\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,44819,44820,44839,44849],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,44821,44822,44824,44826,44828,44830,44832,44835,44837],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,44823,21284],{"class":80},[74,44825,85],{"class":84},[74,44827,7900],{"class":102},[74,44829,107],{"class":106},[74,44831,122],{"class":88},[74,44833,44834],{"class":92},"Enter your age: ",[74,44836,122],{"class":88},[74,44838,260],{"class":106},[74,44840,44841,44843,44845,44847],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,44842,103],{"class":102},[74,44844,107],{"class":106},[74,44846,8955],{"class":110},[74,44848,260],{"class":106},[74,44850,44851,44853,44855,44857,44859,44861],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,44852,103],{"class":102},[74,44854,107],{"class":106},[74,44856,1346],{"class":1345},[74,44858,107],{"class":106},[74,44860,8955],{"class":110},[74,44862,130],{"class":106},[20,44864,29685],{},[65,44866,44868],{"className":67,"code":44867,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,44869,44870,44880,44884],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,44871,44872,44875,44877],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,44873,44874],{"class":80},"Enter your age",[74,44876,679],{"class":106},[74,44878,44879],{"class":167}," 25\n",[74,44881,44882],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,44883,2353],{"class":167},[74,44885,44886,44888,44890,44892,44894,44896],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,44887,2935],{"class":84},[74,44889,2938],{"class":1711},[74,44891,2941],{"class":88},[74,44893,3090],{"class":92},[74,44895,2946],{"class":88},[74,44897,2949],{"class":84},[20,44899,44900,44901,44903],{},"Even though the user typed ",[15,44902,8849],{},", Python treats it as text.",[20,44905,44906,44907,339,44911,114],{},"If you need a number, convert it with ",[125,44908,44909],{"href":2518},[15,44910,2521],{},[125,44912,44913],{"href":2524},[15,44914,2527],{},[20,44916,506],{},[65,44918,44920],{"className":67,"code":44919,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,44921,44922,44945,44955],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,44923,44924,44926,44928,44931,44933,44935,44937,44939,44941,44943],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,44925,21284],{"class":80},[74,44927,85],{"class":84},[74,44929,44930],{"class":1345}," int",[74,44932,107],{"class":106},[74,44934,42118],{"class":102},[74,44936,107],{"class":106},[74,44938,122],{"class":88},[74,44940,44834],{"class":92},[74,44942,122],{"class":88},[74,44944,130],{"class":106},[74,44946,44947,44949,44951,44953],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,44948,103],{"class":102},[74,44950,107],{"class":106},[74,44952,8955],{"class":110},[74,44954,260],{"class":106},[74,44956,44957,44959,44961,44963,44965,44967],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,44958,103],{"class":102},[74,44960,107],{"class":106},[74,44962,1346],{"class":1345},[74,44964,107],{"class":106},[74,44966,8955],{"class":110},[74,44968,130],{"class":106},[20,44970,29685],{},[65,44972,44974],{"className":67,"code":44973,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,44975,44976,44984,44988],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,44977,44978,44980,44982],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,44979,44874],{"class":80},[74,44981,679],{"class":106},[74,44983,44879],{"class":167},[74,44985,44986],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,44987,2353],{"class":167},[74,44989,44990,44992,44994,44996,44998,45000],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,44991,2935],{"class":84},[74,44993,2938],{"class":1711},[74,44995,2941],{"class":88},[74,44997,1831],{"class":92},[74,44999,2946],{"class":88},[74,45001,2949],{"class":84},[44570,45003],{},[60,45005,45007],{"id":45006},"simple-examples-beginners-need","Simple examples beginners need",[262,45009,45011],{"id":45010},"ask-for-a-name-and-print-it","Ask for a name and print it",[65,45013,45015],{"className":67,"code":45014,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"name = input(\"What is your name? \")\nprint(\"Hello,\", name)\n",[15,45016,45017,45036],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,45018,45019,45021,45023,45025,45027,45029,45032,45034],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,45020,7533],{"class":80},[74,45022,85],{"class":84},[74,45024,7900],{"class":102},[74,45026,107],{"class":106},[74,45028,122],{"class":88},[74,45030,45031],{"class":92},"What is your name? ",[74,45033,122],{"class":88},[74,45035,260],{"class":106},[74,45037,45038,45040,45042,45044,45047,45049,45051,45053],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,45039,103],{"class":102},[74,45041,107],{"class":106},[74,45043,122],{"class":88},[74,45045,45046],{"class":92},"Hello,",[74,45048,122],{"class":88},[74,45050,249],{"class":106},[74,45052,35649],{"class":110},[74,45054,260],{"class":106},[20,45056,45057,45058,45060],{},"This stores the user's answer in ",[15,45059,7323],{}," and prints it.",[262,45062,45064,45065],{"id":45063},"ask-for-age-and-convert-it-with-int","Ask for age and convert it with ",[15,45066,2521],{},[65,45068,45070],{"className":67,"code":45069,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"age = int(input(\"How old are you? \"))\nprint(\"Next year you will be\", age + 1)\n",[15,45071,45072,45095],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,45073,45074,45076,45078,45080,45082,45084,45086,45088,45091,45093],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,45075,21284],{"class":80},[74,45077,85],{"class":84},[74,45079,44930],{"class":1345},[74,45081,107],{"class":106},[74,45083,42118],{"class":102},[74,45085,107],{"class":106},[74,45087,122],{"class":88},[74,45089,45090],{"class":92},"How old are you? ",[74,45092,122],{"class":88},[74,45094,130],{"class":106},[74,45096,45097,45099,45101,45103,45106,45108,45110,45113,45115,45117],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,45098,103],{"class":102},[74,45100,107],{"class":106},[74,45102,122],{"class":88},[74,45104,45105],{"class":92},"Next year you will be",[74,45107,122],{"class":88},[74,45109,249],{"class":106},[74,45111,45112],{"class":110}," age ",[74,45114,1706],{"class":84},[74,45116,5148],{"class":167},[74,45118,260],{"class":106},[20,45120,5712,45121,45123,45124,45126],{},[15,45122,2521],{}," converts the text from ",[15,45125,2601],{}," into a whole number.",[20,45128,45129,45130,114],{},"If you want more help with this step, see ",[125,45131,8636],{"href":8635},[262,45133,45135],{"id":45134},"ask-for-two-numbers-and-add-them-after-conversion","Ask for two numbers and add them after conversion",[65,45137,45139],{"className":67,"code":45138,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"num1 = int(input(\"Enter the first number: \"))\nnum2 = int(input(\"Enter the second number: \"))\ntotal = num1 + num2\n\nprint(\"Total:\", total)\n",[15,45140,45141,45165,45189,45203,45207],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,45142,45143,45146,45148,45150,45152,45154,45156,45158,45161,45163],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,45144,45145],{"class":80},"num1 ",[74,45147,85],{"class":84},[74,45149,44930],{"class":1345},[74,45151,107],{"class":106},[74,45153,42118],{"class":102},[74,45155,107],{"class":106},[74,45157,122],{"class":88},[74,45159,45160],{"class":92},"Enter the first number: ",[74,45162,122],{"class":88},[74,45164,130],{"class":106},[74,45166,45167,45170,45172,45174,45176,45178,45180,45182,45185,45187],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,45168,45169],{"class":80},"num2 ",[74,45171,85],{"class":84},[74,45173,44930],{"class":1345},[74,45175,107],{"class":106},[74,45177,42118],{"class":102},[74,45179,107],{"class":106},[74,45181,122],{"class":88},[74,45183,45184],{"class":92},"Enter the second number: ",[74,45186,122],{"class":88},[74,45188,130],{"class":106},[74,45190,45191,45193,45195,45198,45200],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,45192,40839],{"class":80},[74,45194,85],{"class":84},[74,45196,45197],{"class":80}," num1 ",[74,45199,1706],{"class":84},[74,45201,45202],{"class":80}," num2\n",[74,45204,45205],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,45206,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,45208,45209,45211,45213,45215,45218,45220,45222,45225],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,45210,103],{"class":102},[74,45212,107],{"class":106},[74,45214,122],{"class":88},[74,45216,45217],{"class":92},"Total:",[74,45219,122],{"class":88},[74,45221,249],{"class":106},[74,45223,45224],{"class":110}," total",[74,45226,260],{"class":106},[20,45228,29685],{},[65,45230,45232],{"className":67,"code":45231,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\nTotal: 5\n",[15,45233,45234,45244,45253],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,45235,45236,45239,45241],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,45237,45238],{"class":80},"Enter the first number",[74,45240,679],{"class":106},[74,45242,45243],{"class":167}," 2\n",[74,45245,45246,45249,45251],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,45247,45248],{"class":80},"Enter the second number",[74,45250,679],{"class":106},[74,45252,2221],{"class":167},[74,45254,45255,45258,45260],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,45256,45257],{"class":80},"Total",[74,45259,679],{"class":106},[74,45261,34499],{"class":167},[20,45263,45264],{},"If you skip the conversion, Python joins the values as strings instead of adding them as numbers.",[20,45266,506],{},[65,45268,45270],{"className":67,"code":45269,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"num1 = input(\"Enter the first number: \")\nnum2 = input(\"Enter the second number: \")\n\nprint(num1 + num2)\n",[15,45271,45272,45290,45308,45312],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,45273,45274,45276,45278,45280,45282,45284,45286,45288],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,45275,45145],{"class":80},[74,45277,85],{"class":84},[74,45279,7900],{"class":102},[74,45281,107],{"class":106},[74,45283,122],{"class":88},[74,45285,45160],{"class":92},[74,45287,122],{"class":88},[74,45289,260],{"class":106},[74,45291,45292,45294,45296,45298,45300,45302,45304,45306],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,45293,45169],{"class":80},[74,45295,85],{"class":84},[74,45297,7900],{"class":102},[74,45299,107],{"class":106},[74,45301,122],{"class":88},[74,45303,45184],{"class":92},[74,45305,122],{"class":88},[74,45307,260],{"class":106},[74,45309,45310],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,45311,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,45313,45314,45316,45318,45320,45322,45325],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,45315,103],{"class":102},[74,45317,107],{"class":106},[74,45319,45145],{"class":110},[74,45321,1706],{"class":84},[74,45323,45324],{"class":110}," num2",[74,45326,260],{"class":106},[20,45328,29685],{},[65,45330,45332],{"className":67,"code":45331,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\n23\n",[15,45333,45334,45342,45350],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,45335,45336,45338,45340],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,45337,45238],{"class":80},[74,45339,679],{"class":106},[74,45341,45243],{"class":167},[74,45343,45344,45346,45348],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,45345,45248],{"class":80},[74,45347,679],{"class":106},[74,45349,2221],{"class":167},[74,45351,45352],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,45353,45354],{"class":167},"23\n",[20,45356,45357,45358,45361,45362,114],{},"That happens because ",[15,45359,45360],{},"\"2\" + \"3\""," creates ",[15,45363,45364],{},"\"23\"",[44570,45366],{},[60,45368,45370],{"id":45369},"common-beginner-problems","Common beginner problems",[20,45372,45373,45374,114],{},"Beginners often run into the same few issues with ",[15,45375,2601],{},[262,45377,4355,45379,41197],{"id":45378},"forgetting-that-input-returns-a-string",[15,45380,2601],{},[20,45382,38855],{},[65,45384,45386],{"className":67,"code":45385,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,45387,45388,45406],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,45389,45390,45392,45394,45396,45398,45400,45402,45404],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,45391,2089],{"class":80},[74,45393,85],{"class":84},[74,45395,7900],{"class":102},[74,45397,107],{"class":106},[74,45399,122],{"class":88},[74,45401,41526],{"class":92},[74,45403,122],{"class":88},[74,45405,260],{"class":106},[74,45407,45408,45410,45412,45414,45416,45418],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,45409,103],{"class":102},[74,45411,107],{"class":106},[74,45413,1346],{"class":1345},[74,45415,107],{"class":106},[74,45417,246],{"class":110},[74,45419,130],{"class":106},[20,45421,157],{},[65,45423,45425],{"className":67,"code":45424,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,45426,45427],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,45428,45429,45431,45433,45435,45437,45439],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,45430,2935],{"class":84},[74,45432,2938],{"class":1711},[74,45434,2941],{"class":88},[74,45436,3090],{"class":92},[74,45438,2946],{"class":88},[74,45440,2949],{"class":84},[20,45442,45443],{},"If you need a number, convert it first.",[262,45445,45447],{"id":45446},"trying-to-add-numbers-without-converting-them","Trying to add numbers without converting them",[20,45449,45450],{},"This gives string joining, not math.",[65,45452,45454],{"className":67,"code":45453,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"a = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nb = input(\"Enter another number: \")\nprint(a + b)\n",[15,45455,45456,45474,45493],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,45457,45458,45460,45462,45464,45466,45468,45470,45472],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,45459,2198],{"class":80},[74,45461,85],{"class":84},[74,45463,7900],{"class":102},[74,45465,107],{"class":106},[74,45467,122],{"class":88},[74,45469,41526],{"class":92},[74,45471,122],{"class":88},[74,45473,260],{"class":106},[74,45475,45476,45478,45480,45482,45484,45486,45489,45491],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,45477,2226],{"class":80},[74,45479,85],{"class":84},[74,45481,7900],{"class":102},[74,45483,107],{"class":106},[74,45485,122],{"class":88},[74,45487,45488],{"class":92},"Enter another number: ",[74,45490,122],{"class":88},[74,45492,260],{"class":106},[74,45494,45495,45497,45499,45501,45503,45505],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,45496,103],{"class":102},[74,45498,107],{"class":106},[74,45500,2198],{"class":110},[74,45502,1706],{"class":84},[74,45504,2203],{"class":110},[74,45506,260],{"class":106},[20,45508,40777,45509,51,45511,45513,45514,18618,45517,114],{},[15,45510,2148],{},[15,45512,711],{},", the result is ",[15,45515,45516],{},"45",[15,45518,1787],{},[262,45520,45522,45523,45525,45526],{"id":45521},"getting-valueerror-when-converting-invalid-text-to-int","Getting ",[15,45524,40361],{}," when converting invalid text to ",[15,45527,2521],{},[20,45529,506],{},[65,45531,45533],{"className":67,"code":45532,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n",[15,45534,45535],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,45536,45537,45539,45541,45543,45545,45547,45549,45551,45553,45555],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,45538,21284],{"class":80},[74,45540,85],{"class":84},[74,45542,44930],{"class":1345},[74,45544,107],{"class":106},[74,45546,42118],{"class":102},[74,45548,107],{"class":106},[74,45550,122],{"class":88},[74,45552,44834],{"class":92},[74,45554,122],{"class":88},[74,45556,130],{"class":106},[20,45558,7929,45559,45562,45563,114],{},[15,45560,45561],{},"ten",", Python raises a ",[15,45564,40361],{},[20,45566,45567,45568,114],{},"If you see this problem, read ",[125,45569,45571],{"href":45570},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-invalid-literal-for-int-with-base-10-fix\u002F","ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10",[262,45573,45575],{"id":45574},"leaving-extra-spaces-in-user-input","Leaving extra spaces in user input",[20,45577,45578],{},"Users sometimes type extra spaces before or after their answer.",[65,45580,45582],{"className":67,"code":45581,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(repr(name))\n",[15,45583,45584,45602],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,45585,45586,45588,45590,45592,45594,45596,45598,45600],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,45587,7533],{"class":80},[74,45589,85],{"class":84},[74,45591,7900],{"class":102},[74,45593,107],{"class":106},[74,45595,122],{"class":88},[74,45597,44540],{"class":92},[74,45599,122],{"class":88},[74,45601,260],{"class":106},[74,45603,45604,45606,45608,45610,45612,45614],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,45605,103],{"class":102},[74,45607,107],{"class":106},[74,45609,41434],{"class":102},[74,45611,107],{"class":106},[74,45613,7323],{"class":110},[74,45615,130],{"class":106},[20,45617,45618],{},"If the user enters spaces, those spaces become part of the string.",[20,45620,45621,45622,679],{},"You can remove them with ",[15,45623,45624],{},".strip()",[65,45626,45628],{"className":67,"code":45627,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \").strip()\nprint(name)\n",[15,45629,45630,45652],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,45631,45632,45634,45636,45638,45640,45642,45644,45646,45648,45650],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,45633,7533],{"class":80},[74,45635,85],{"class":84},[74,45637,7900],{"class":102},[74,45639,107],{"class":106},[74,45641,122],{"class":88},[74,45643,44540],{"class":92},[74,45645,122],{"class":88},[74,45647,8289],{"class":106},[74,45649,8292],{"class":110},[74,45651,8299],{"class":106},[74,45653,45654,45656,45658,45660],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,45655,103],{"class":102},[74,45657,107],{"class":106},[74,45659,7323],{"class":110},[74,45661,260],{"class":106},[44570,45663],{},[60,45665,45667],{"id":45666},"helpful-tips","Helpful tips",[20,45669,45670,45671,45673],{},"These habits make ",[15,45672,2601],{}," easier and safer to use.",[30,45675,45676,45679,45684,45687],{},[33,45677,45678],{},"Use clear prompts so users know what to enter",[33,45680,176,45681,45683],{},[15,45682,45624],{}," to remove extra spaces when needed",[33,45685,45686],{},"Validate input before using it in larger programs",[33,45688,176,45689,45691],{},[15,45690,29437],{}," when converting input to numbers",[20,45693,45694,45695,679],{},"Example with ",[15,45696,45624],{},[65,45698,45700],{"className":67,"code":45699,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"city = input(\"Enter your city: \").strip()\nprint(\"City:\", city)\n",[15,45701,45702,45726],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,45703,45704,45707,45709,45711,45713,45715,45718,45720,45722,45724],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,45705,45706],{"class":80},"city ",[74,45708,85],{"class":84},[74,45710,7900],{"class":102},[74,45712,107],{"class":106},[74,45714,122],{"class":88},[74,45716,45717],{"class":92},"Enter your city: ",[74,45719,122],{"class":88},[74,45721,8289],{"class":106},[74,45723,8292],{"class":110},[74,45725,8299],{"class":106},[74,45727,45728,45730,45732,45734,45737,45739,45741,45743],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,45729,103],{"class":102},[74,45731,107],{"class":106},[74,45733,122],{"class":88},[74,45735,45736],{"class":92},"City:",[74,45738,122],{"class":88},[74,45740,249],{"class":106},[74,45742,31041],{"class":110},[74,45744,260],{"class":106},[20,45746,45694,45747,679],{},[15,45748,29437],{},[65,45750,45752],{"className":67,"code":45751,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"try:\n    age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n    print(\"You will be\", age + 1, \"next year\")\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Please enter a whole number.\")\n",[15,45753,45754,45760,45783,45815,45823],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,45755,45756,45758],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,45757,29459],{"class":3529},[74,45759,6046],{"class":106},[74,45761,45762,45765,45767,45769,45771,45773,45775,45777,45779,45781],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,45763,45764],{"class":80},"    age ",[74,45766,85],{"class":84},[74,45768,44930],{"class":1345},[74,45770,107],{"class":106},[74,45772,42118],{"class":102},[74,45774,107],{"class":106},[74,45776,122],{"class":88},[74,45778,44834],{"class":92},[74,45780,122],{"class":88},[74,45782,130],{"class":106},[74,45784,45785,45787,45789,45791,45794,45796,45798,45800,45802,45804,45806,45808,45811,45813],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,45786,7726],{"class":102},[74,45788,107],{"class":106},[74,45790,122],{"class":88},[74,45792,45793],{"class":92},"You will be",[74,45795,122],{"class":88},[74,45797,249],{"class":106},[74,45799,45112],{"class":110},[74,45801,1706],{"class":84},[74,45803,5148],{"class":167},[74,45805,249],{"class":106},[74,45807,89],{"class":88},[74,45809,45810],{"class":92},"next year",[74,45812,122],{"class":88},[74,45814,260],{"class":106},[74,45816,45817,45819,45821],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,45818,29490],{"class":3529},[74,45820,41581],{"class":1345},[74,45822,6046],{"class":106},[74,45824,45825,45827,45829,45831,45834,45836],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,45826,7726],{"class":102},[74,45828,107],{"class":106},[74,45830,122],{"class":88},[74,45832,45833],{"class":92},"Please enter a whole number.",[74,45835,122],{"class":88},[74,45837,260],{"class":106},[20,45839,45840],{},"This prevents the program from crashing when the user enters invalid text.",[20,45842,45843,45844,114],{},"If you are new to interactive programs, see ",[125,45845,45847],{"href":45846},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-user-input-in-python\u002F","how to get user input in Python",[44570,45849],{},[60,45851,914],{"id":913},[20,45853,45854,45855,679],{},"These are the most common causes of problems when using ",[15,45856,2601],{},[30,45858,45859,45866,45869,45872],{},[33,45860,45861,45862,339,45864],{},"Treating user input as a number without using ",[15,45863,2521],{},[15,45865,2527],{},[33,45867,45868],{},"Concatenating strings and numbers together incorrectly",[33,45870,45871],{},"Entering non-numeric text when the program expects a number",[33,45873,45874],{},"Assuming pressing Enter gives a number instead of an empty string",[20,45876,31739],{},[65,45878,45880],{"className":67,"code":45879,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,45881,45882,45892,45906],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,45883,45884,45886,45888,45890],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,45885,103],{"class":102},[74,45887,107],{"class":106},[74,45889,246],{"class":110},[74,45891,260],{"class":106},[74,45893,45894,45896,45898,45900,45902,45904],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,45895,103],{"class":102},[74,45897,107],{"class":106},[74,45899,1346],{"class":1345},[74,45901,107],{"class":106},[74,45903,246],{"class":110},[74,45905,130],{"class":106},[74,45907,45908,45910,45912,45914,45916,45918],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,45909,103],{"class":102},[74,45911,107],{"class":106},[74,45913,41434],{"class":102},[74,45915,107],{"class":106},[74,45917,246],{"class":110},[74,45919,130],{"class":106},[20,45921,45922,45923,45925],{},"These help you inspect what ",[15,45924,2601],{}," actually returned:",[30,45927,45928,45933,45938],{},[33,45929,45930,45932],{},[15,45931,41482],{}," shows the value",[33,45934,45935,45937],{},[15,45936,41488],{}," shows the data type",[33,45939,45940,45942],{},[15,45941,41493],{}," shows hidden spaces and special characters",[20,45944,506],{},[65,45946,45948],{"className":67,"code":45947,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,45949,45950,45969,45979,45993],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,45951,45952,45954,45956,45958,45960,45962,45965,45967],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,45953,2089],{"class":80},[74,45955,85],{"class":84},[74,45957,7900],{"class":102},[74,45959,107],{"class":106},[74,45961,122],{"class":88},[74,45963,45964],{"class":92},"Enter something: ",[74,45966,122],{"class":88},[74,45968,260],{"class":106},[74,45970,45971,45973,45975,45977],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,45972,103],{"class":102},[74,45974,107],{"class":106},[74,45976,246],{"class":110},[74,45978,260],{"class":106},[74,45980,45981,45983,45985,45987,45989,45991],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,45982,103],{"class":102},[74,45984,107],{"class":106},[74,45986,1346],{"class":1345},[74,45988,107],{"class":106},[74,45990,246],{"class":110},[74,45992,130],{"class":106},[74,45994,45995,45997,45999,46001,46003,46005],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,45996,103],{"class":102},[74,45998,107],{"class":106},[74,46000,41434],{"class":102},[74,46002,107],{"class":106},[74,46004,246],{"class":110},[74,46006,130],{"class":106},[44570,46008],{},[60,46010,1471],{"id":1470},[262,46012,1517,46014,46016],{"id":46013},"does-input-return-an-integer",[15,46015,2601],{}," return an integer?",[20,46018,46019,46020,46022,46023,39586],{},"No. ",[15,46021,2601],{}," always returns a string. Convert it with ",[15,46024,2521],{},[262,46026,46028,46029,2135],{"id":46027},"is-the-prompt-required-in-input","Is the prompt required in ",[15,46030,2601],{},[20,46032,46033,46034,46036],{},"No. You can call ",[15,46035,2601],{}," with no prompt, but prompts help users know what to type.",[262,46038,4808,46040,46043,46044,2135],{"id":46039},"why-does-2-3-not-work-correctly-with-input",[15,46041,46042],{},"2 + 3"," not work correctly with ",[15,46045,2601],{},[20,46047,28716,46048,46050,46051,41810,46053,46055],{},[15,46049,2601],{}," returns strings. ",[15,46052,45360],{},[15,46054,45364],{}," unless you convert both values to numbers.",[262,46057,46059],{"id":46058},"how-do-i-remove-spaces-from-input","How do I remove spaces from input?",[20,46061,176,46062,46064,46065,114],{},[15,46063,45624],{}," on the returned string, such as ",[15,46066,46067],{},"input(\"Name: \").strip()",[44570,46069],{},[60,46071,1527],{"id":1526},[30,46073,46074,46079,46083,46089,46095,46099],{},[33,46075,46076],{},[125,46077,46078],{"href":45846},"How to get user input in Python",[33,46080,46081],{},[125,46082,8713],{"href":8635},[33,46084,46085],{},[125,46086,3223,46087,3156],{"href":2518},[15,46088,2521],{},[33,46090,46091],{},[125,46092,3223,46093,3156],{"href":2524},[15,46094,2527],{},[33,46096,46097],{},[125,46098,45571],{"href":45570},[33,46100,46101],{},[125,46102,3223,46104,3156],{"href":46103},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained\u002F",[15,46105,46106],{},"print()",[1566,46108,46109],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":70,"searchDepth":99,"depth":99,"links":46111},[46112,46113,46115,46116,46118,46124,46132,46133,46134,46143],{"id":62,"depth":99,"text":63},{"id":44574,"depth":99,"text":46114},"What input() does",{"id":226,"depth":99,"text":227},{"id":44803,"depth":99,"text":46117},"What input() returns",{"id":45006,"depth":99,"text":45007,"children":46119},[46120,46121,46123],{"id":45010,"depth":133,"text":45011},{"id":45063,"depth":133,"text":46122},"Ask for age and convert it with int()",{"id":45134,"depth":133,"text":45135},{"id":45369,"depth":99,"text":45370,"children":46125},[46126,46128,46129,46131],{"id":45378,"depth":133,"text":46127},"Forgetting that input() returns a string",{"id":45446,"depth":133,"text":45447},{"id":45521,"depth":133,"text":46130},"Getting ValueError when converting invalid text to int()",{"id":45574,"depth":133,"text":45575},{"id":45666,"depth":99,"text":45667},{"id":913,"depth":99,"text":914},{"id":1470,"depth":99,"text":1471,"children":46135},[46136,46138,46140,46142],{"id":46013,"depth":133,"text":46137},"Does input() return an integer?",{"id":46027,"depth":133,"text":46139},"Is the prompt required in input()?",{"id":46039,"depth":133,"text":46141},"Why does 2 + 3 not work correctly with input()?",{"id":46058,"depth":133,"text":46059},{"id":1526,"depth":99,"text":1527},"Master python input function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained",{"title":41849,"description":46144},"reference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained","mgCYTLqY7_xdXYb-uIqvqqWNrZiPlmc9q8zaEr1fEyw",{"id":46151,"title":41751,"body":46152,"description":48462,"extension":1610,"meta":48463,"navigation":407,"path":48464,"seo":48465,"stem":48466,"__hash__":48467},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":46153,"toc":48414},[46154,46159,46164,46169,46190,46193,46195,46255,46257,46275,46280,46285,46290,46292,46305,46307,46390,46392,46433,46439,46441,46471,46477,46480,46497,46499,46551,46553,46570,46576,46582,46585,46603,46605,46678,46680,46699,46706,46712,46717,46720,46780,46782,46801,46804,46807,46822,46828,46832,46893,46895,46916,46920,47049,47051,47181,47191,47197,47203,47211,47277,47279,47304,47307,47324,47337,47343,47346,47379,47381,47394,47397,47440,47442,47450,47457,47461,47467,47471,47498,47500,47508,47514,47531,47536,47540,47567,47569,47577,47581,47586,47589,47615,47618,47627,47635,47639,47649,47653,47656,47658,47709,47711,47741,47751,47778,47780,47788,47798,47802,47805,47807,47855,47857,47901,47907,47958,47960,47979,47984,47989,47992,48011,48014,48066,48068,48077,48079,48083,48087,48090,48099,48106,48108,48135,48139,48141,48150,48153,48160,48166,48226,48230,48232,48240,48243,48269,48275,48278,48298,48300,48309,48317,48319,48325,48330,48337,48347,48353,48361,48365,48368,48370,48411],[10,46155,3223,46157,3227],{"id":46156},"python-int-function-explained",[15,46158,2521],{},[20,46160,31974,46161,46163],{},[15,46162,2521],{}," function converts a value into an integer.",[20,46165,35062,46166,46168],{},[15,46167,2521],{}," when they want to:",[30,46170,46171,46181,46184,46187],{},[33,46172,46173,46174,46177,46178],{},"turn text like ",[15,46175,46176],{},"\"42\""," into the number ",[15,46179,46180],{},"42",[33,46182,46183],{},"convert user input into a whole number",[33,46185,46186],{},"remove the decimal part from a float",[33,46188,46189],{},"read numbers written in binary or hexadecimal",[20,46191,46192],{},"It is a built-in function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[60,46194,63],{"id":62},[65,46196,46198],{"className":67,"code":46197,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(int(\"42\"))\nprint(int(3.9))\nprint(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,46199,46200,46218,46232],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,46201,46202,46204,46206,46208,46210,46212,46214,46216],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,46203,103],{"class":102},[74,46205,107],{"class":106},[74,46207,1831],{"class":1345},[74,46209,107],{"class":106},[74,46211,122],{"class":88},[74,46213,46180],{"class":92},[74,46215,122],{"class":88},[74,46217,130],{"class":106},[74,46219,46220,46222,46224,46226,46228,46230],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,46221,103],{"class":102},[74,46223,107],{"class":106},[74,46225,1831],{"class":1345},[74,46227,107],{"class":106},[74,46229,41639],{"class":167},[74,46231,130],{"class":106},[74,46233,46234,46236,46238,46240,46242,46244,46247,46249,46251,46253],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,46235,103],{"class":102},[74,46237,107],{"class":106},[74,46239,1831],{"class":1345},[74,46241,107],{"class":106},[74,46243,122],{"class":88},[74,46245,46246],{"class":92},"101",[74,46248,122],{"class":88},[74,46250,249],{"class":106},[74,46252,620],{"class":167},[74,46254,130],{"class":106},[20,46256,157],{},[65,46258,46260],{"className":67,"code":46259,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"42\n3\n5\n",[15,46261,46262,46267,46271],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,46263,46264],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,46265,46266],{"class":167},"42\n",[74,46268,46269],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,46270,168],{"class":167},[74,46272,46273],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,46274,2590],{"class":167},[20,46276,176,46277,46279],{},[15,46278,2521],{}," to convert a number-like value to an integer. Strings must contain a valid whole number unless you also provide a base.",[60,46281,3328,46283,38],{"id":46282},"what-int-does",[15,46284,2521],{},[20,46286,46287,46289],{},[15,46288,2521],{}," converts a value into an integer.",[20,46291,195],{},[30,46293,46294,46299,46302],{},[33,46295,46296,46297,6994],{},"It can turn strings, floats, and booleans into ",[15,46298,1831],{},[33,46300,46301],{},"It returns a new integer value.",[33,46303,46304],{},"It does not change the original object.",[20,46306,506],{},[65,46308,46310],{"className":67,"code":46309,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"25\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,46311,46312,46324,46338,46342,46352,46362,46376],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,46313,46314,46316,46318,46320,46322],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,46315,81],{"class":80},[74,46317,85],{"class":84},[74,46319,89],{"class":88},[74,46321,8849],{"class":92},[74,46323,96],{"class":88},[74,46325,46326,46328,46330,46332,46334,46336],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,46327,1859],{"class":80},[74,46329,85],{"class":84},[74,46331,44930],{"class":1345},[74,46333,107],{"class":106},[74,46335,111],{"class":110},[74,46337,260],{"class":106},[74,46339,46340],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,46341,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,46343,46344,46346,46348,46350],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,46345,103],{"class":102},[74,46347,107],{"class":106},[74,46349,111],{"class":110},[74,46351,260],{"class":106},[74,46353,46354,46356,46358,46360],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,46355,103],{"class":102},[74,46357,107],{"class":106},[74,46359,1881],{"class":110},[74,46361,260],{"class":106},[74,46363,46364,46366,46368,46370,46372,46374],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,46365,103],{"class":102},[74,46367,107],{"class":106},[74,46369,1346],{"class":1345},[74,46371,107],{"class":106},[74,46373,111],{"class":110},[74,46375,130],{"class":106},[74,46377,46378,46380,46382,46384,46386,46388],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,46379,103],{"class":102},[74,46381,107],{"class":106},[74,46383,1346],{"class":1345},[74,46385,107],{"class":106},[74,46387,1881],{"class":110},[74,46389,130],{"class":106},[20,46391,157],{},[65,46393,46395],{"className":67,"code":46394,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,46396,46397,46401,46405,46419],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,46398,46399],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,46400,2353],{"class":167},[74,46402,46403],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,46404,2353],{"class":167},[74,46406,46407,46409,46411,46413,46415,46417],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,46408,2935],{"class":84},[74,46410,2938],{"class":1711},[74,46412,2941],{"class":88},[74,46414,3090],{"class":92},[74,46416,2946],{"class":88},[74,46418,2949],{"class":84},[74,46420,46421,46423,46425,46427,46429,46431],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,46422,2935],{"class":84},[74,46424,2938],{"class":1711},[74,46426,2941],{"class":88},[74,46428,1831],{"class":92},[74,46430,2946],{"class":88},[74,46432,2949],{"class":84},[20,46434,46435,46436,46438],{},"The original string stays a string. ",[15,46437,2521],{}," creates a new integer from it.",[60,46440,227],{"id":226},[65,46442,46444],{"className":67,"code":46443,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"int(x)\nint(x, base)\n",[15,46445,46446,46456],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,46447,46448,46450,46452,46454],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,46449,1831],{"class":1345},[74,46451,107],{"class":106},[74,46453,1816],{"class":110},[74,46455,260],{"class":106},[74,46457,46458,46460,46462,46464,46466,46469],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,46459,1831],{"class":1345},[74,46461,107],{"class":106},[74,46463,1816],{"class":110},[74,46465,249],{"class":106},[74,46467,46468],{"class":110}," base",[74,46470,260],{"class":106},[262,46472,46474],{"id":46473},"intx",[15,46475,46476],{},"int(x)",[20,46478,46479],{},"Use this form when you want to convert a value like:",[30,46481,46482,46487,46492],{},[33,46483,46484,46485],{},"a string such as ",[15,46486,41781],{},[33,46488,46489,46490],{},"a float such as ",[15,46491,41639],{},[33,46493,46494,46495],{},"a boolean such as ",[15,46496,338],{},[20,46498,506],{},[65,46500,46502],{"className":67,"code":46501,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(int(\"10\"))\nprint(int(8.7))\nprint(int(True))\n",[15,46503,46504,46522,46537],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,46505,46506,46508,46510,46512,46514,46516,46518,46520],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,46507,103],{"class":102},[74,46509,107],{"class":106},[74,46511,1831],{"class":1345},[74,46513,107],{"class":106},[74,46515,122],{"class":88},[74,46517,1972],{"class":92},[74,46519,122],{"class":88},[74,46521,130],{"class":106},[74,46523,46524,46526,46528,46530,46532,46535],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,46525,103],{"class":102},[74,46527,107],{"class":106},[74,46529,1831],{"class":1345},[74,46531,107],{"class":106},[74,46533,46534],{"class":167},"8.7",[74,46536,130],{"class":106},[74,46538,46539,46541,46543,46545,46547,46549],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,46540,103],{"class":102},[74,46542,107],{"class":106},[74,46544,1831],{"class":1345},[74,46546,107],{"class":106},[74,46548,338],{"class":3504},[74,46550,130],{"class":106},[20,46552,157],{},[65,46554,46556],{"className":67,"code":46555,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"10\n8\n1\n",[15,46557,46558,46562,46566],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,46559,46560],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,46561,2018],{"class":167},[74,46563,46564],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,46565,2023],{"class":167},[74,46567,46568],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,46569,669],{"class":167},[262,46571,46573],{"id":46572},"intx-base",[15,46574,46575],{},"int(x, base)",[20,46577,46578,46579,46581],{},"Use this form when ",[15,46580,1816],{}," is a string that represents a number in another base.",[20,46583,46584],{},"Common bases:",[30,46586,46587,46592,46597],{},[33,46588,46589,46591],{},[15,46590,687],{}," for binary",[33,46593,46594,46596],{},[15,46595,1987],{}," for octal",[33,46598,46599,46602],{},[15,46600,46601],{},"16"," for hexadecimal",[20,46604,506],{},[65,46606,46608],{"className":67,"code":46607,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\nprint(int(\"17\", 8))\nprint(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,46609,46610,46632,46655],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,46611,46612,46614,46616,46618,46620,46622,46624,46626,46628,46630],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,46613,103],{"class":102},[74,46615,107],{"class":106},[74,46617,1831],{"class":1345},[74,46619,107],{"class":106},[74,46621,122],{"class":88},[74,46623,46246],{"class":92},[74,46625,122],{"class":88},[74,46627,249],{"class":106},[74,46629,620],{"class":167},[74,46631,130],{"class":106},[74,46633,46634,46636,46638,46640,46642,46644,46647,46649,46651,46653],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,46635,103],{"class":102},[74,46637,107],{"class":106},[74,46639,1831],{"class":1345},[74,46641,107],{"class":106},[74,46643,122],{"class":88},[74,46645,46646],{"class":92},"17",[74,46648,122],{"class":88},[74,46650,249],{"class":106},[74,46652,6012],{"class":167},[74,46654,130],{"class":106},[74,46656,46657,46659,46661,46663,46665,46667,46670,46672,46674,46676],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,46658,103],{"class":102},[74,46660,107],{"class":106},[74,46662,1831],{"class":1345},[74,46664,107],{"class":106},[74,46666,122],{"class":88},[74,46668,46669],{"class":92},"1A",[74,46671,122],{"class":88},[74,46673,249],{"class":106},[74,46675,13645],{"class":167},[74,46677,130],{"class":106},[20,46679,157],{},[65,46681,46683],{"className":67,"code":46682,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"5\n15\n26\n",[15,46684,46685,46689,46694],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,46686,46687],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,46688,2590],{"class":167},[74,46690,46691],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,46692,46693],{"class":167},"15\n",[74,46695,46696],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,46697,46698],{"class":167},"26\n",[20,46700,46701,46702,114],{},"If you want to compare integer conversion with decimal conversion, see the ",[125,46703,46704,1944],{"href":2524},[15,46705,2527],{},[60,46707,571,46709,46711],{"id":46708},"using-int-with-strings",[15,46710,2521],{}," with strings",[20,46713,46714,46716],{},[15,46715,2521],{}," works with strings that contain a valid integer.",[20,46718,46719],{},"Examples that work:",[65,46721,46723],{"className":67,"code":46722,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(int(\"5\"))\nprint(int(\"-12\"))\nprint(int(\"  42  \"))\n",[15,46724,46725,46743,46761],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,46726,46727,46729,46731,46733,46735,46737,46739,46741],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,46728,103],{"class":102},[74,46730,107],{"class":106},[74,46732,1831],{"class":1345},[74,46734,107],{"class":106},[74,46736,122],{"class":88},[74,46738,711],{"class":92},[74,46740,122],{"class":88},[74,46742,130],{"class":106},[74,46744,46745,46747,46749,46751,46753,46755,46757,46759],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,46746,103],{"class":102},[74,46748,107],{"class":106},[74,46750,1831],{"class":1345},[74,46752,107],{"class":106},[74,46754,122],{"class":88},[74,46756,1933],{"class":92},[74,46758,122],{"class":88},[74,46760,130],{"class":106},[74,46762,46763,46765,46767,46769,46771,46773,46776,46778],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,46764,103],{"class":102},[74,46766,107],{"class":106},[74,46768,1831],{"class":1345},[74,46770,107],{"class":106},[74,46772,122],{"class":88},[74,46774,46775],{"class":92},"  42  ",[74,46777,122],{"class":88},[74,46779,130],{"class":106},[20,46781,157],{},[65,46783,46785],{"className":67,"code":46784,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"5\n-12\n42\n",[15,46786,46787,46791,46797],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,46788,46789],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,46790,2590],{"class":167},[74,46792,46793,46795],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,46794,1669],{"class":84},[74,46796,1867],{"class":167},[74,46798,46799],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,46800,46266],{"class":167},[20,46802,46803],{},"This works because each string contains valid whole-number text. Leading and trailing spaces are usually allowed.",[20,46805,46806],{},"Examples that fail:",[65,46808,46810],{"className":67,"code":46809,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[15,46811,46812,46817],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,46813,46814],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,46815,46816],{"class":3314},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n",[74,46818,46819],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,46820,46821],{"class":3314},"# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[20,46823,46824,46825,46827],{},"These raise ",[15,46826,40361],{}," because the strings are not valid integer text.",[262,46829,46831],{"id":46830},"valid-string-examples","Valid string examples",[65,46833,46835],{"className":67,"code":46834,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(int(\"0\"))\nprint(int(\"+7\"))\nprint(int(\"-100\"))\n",[15,46836,46837,46855,46874],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,46838,46839,46841,46843,46845,46847,46849,46851,46853],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,46840,103],{"class":102},[74,46842,107],{"class":106},[74,46844,1831],{"class":1345},[74,46846,107],{"class":106},[74,46848,122],{"class":88},[74,46850,327],{"class":92},[74,46852,122],{"class":88},[74,46854,130],{"class":106},[74,46856,46857,46859,46861,46863,46865,46867,46870,46872],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,46858,103],{"class":102},[74,46860,107],{"class":106},[74,46862,1831],{"class":1345},[74,46864,107],{"class":106},[74,46866,122],{"class":88},[74,46868,46869],{"class":92},"+7",[74,46871,122],{"class":88},[74,46873,130],{"class":106},[74,46875,46876,46878,46880,46882,46884,46886,46889,46891],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,46877,103],{"class":102},[74,46879,107],{"class":106},[74,46881,1831],{"class":1345},[74,46883,107],{"class":106},[74,46885,122],{"class":88},[74,46887,46888],{"class":92},"-100",[74,46890,122],{"class":88},[74,46892,130],{"class":106},[20,46894,157],{},[65,46896,46898],{"className":67,"code":46897,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"0\n7\n-100\n",[15,46899,46900,46905,46909],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,46901,46902],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,46903,46904],{"class":167},"0\n",[74,46906,46907],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,46908,1726],{"class":167},[74,46910,46911,46913],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,46912,1669],{"class":84},[74,46914,46915],{"class":167},"100\n",[262,46917,46919],{"id":46918},"invalid-string-examples","Invalid string examples",[65,46921,46923],{"className":67,"code":46922,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"values = [\"3.14\", \"12abc\", \"\", \"seven\"]\n\nfor value in values:\n    try:\n        print(int(value))\n    except ValueError as error:\n        print(f\"{value!r} -> {error}\")\n",[15,46924,46925,46963,46967,46979,46986,47001,47016],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,46926,46927,46929,46931,46933,46935,46937,46939,46941,46943,46946,46948,46950,46952,46954,46956,46959,46961],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,46928,3474],{"class":80},[74,46930,85],{"class":84},[74,46932,3271],{"class":106},[74,46934,122],{"class":88},[74,46936,39800],{"class":92},[74,46938,122],{"class":88},[74,46940,249],{"class":106},[74,46942,89],{"class":88},[74,46944,46945],{"class":92},"12abc",[74,46947,122],{"class":88},[74,46949,249],{"class":106},[74,46951,5778],{"class":88},[74,46953,249],{"class":106},[74,46955,89],{"class":88},[74,46957,46958],{"class":92},"seven",[74,46960,122],{"class":88},[74,46962,3284],{"class":106},[74,46964,46965],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,46966,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,46968,46969,46971,46973,46975,46977],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,46970,5609],{"class":3529},[74,46972,21240],{"class":80},[74,46974,351],{"class":3529},[74,46976,3538],{"class":80},[74,46978,6046],{"class":106},[74,46980,46981,46984],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,46982,46983],{"class":3529},"    try",[74,46985,6046],{"class":106},[74,46987,46988,46991,46993,46995,46997,46999],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,46989,46990],{"class":102},"        print",[74,46992,107],{"class":106},[74,46994,1831],{"class":1345},[74,46996,107],{"class":106},[74,46998,246],{"class":110},[74,47000,130],{"class":106},[74,47002,47003,47006,47008,47011,47014],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,47004,47005],{"class":3529},"    except",[74,47007,41581],{"class":1345},[74,47009,47010],{"class":3529}," as",[74,47012,47013],{"class":80}," error",[74,47015,6046],{"class":106},[74,47017,47018,47020,47022,47024,47026,47028,47030,47033,47035,47038,47040,47043,47045,47047],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,47019,46990],{"class":102},[74,47021,107],{"class":106},[74,47023,21950],{"class":1711},[74,47025,122],{"class":92},[74,47027,8934],{"class":167},[74,47029,246],{"class":110},[74,47031,47032],{"class":1711},"!r",[74,47034,21959],{"class":167},[74,47036,47037],{"class":92}," -> ",[74,47039,8934],{"class":167},[74,47041,47042],{"class":110},"error",[74,47044,21959],{"class":167},[74,47046,122],{"class":92},[74,47048,260],{"class":106},[20,47050,157],{},[65,47052,47054],{"className":67,"code":47053,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"'3.14' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n'12abc' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '12abc'\n'' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: ''\n'seven' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'seven'\n",[15,47055,47056,47092,47124,47149],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,47057,47058,47060,47062,47064,47067,47070,47072,47074,47076,47079,47082,47084,47086,47088,47090],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,47059,2946],{"class":42983},[74,47061,39800],{"class":42987},[74,47063,2946],{"class":42983},[74,47065,47066],{"class":37022}," ->",[74,47068,47069],{"class":80}," invalid literal ",[74,47071,5609],{"class":3529},[74,47073,44930],{"class":1345},[74,47075,7020],{"class":106},[74,47077,47078],{"class":3529}," with",[74,47080,47081],{"class":80}," base ",[74,47083,1972],{"class":167},[74,47085,679],{"class":106},[74,47087,2941],{"class":88},[74,47089,39800],{"class":92},[74,47091,29355],{"class":88},[74,47093,47094,47096,47098,47100,47102,47104,47106,47108,47110,47112,47114,47116,47118,47120,47122],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,47095,2946],{"class":88},[74,47097,46945],{"class":92},[74,47099,2946],{"class":88},[74,47101,47066],{"class":37022},[74,47103,47069],{"class":80},[74,47105,5609],{"class":3529},[74,47107,44930],{"class":1345},[74,47109,7020],{"class":106},[74,47111,47078],{"class":3529},[74,47113,47081],{"class":80},[74,47115,1972],{"class":167},[74,47117,679],{"class":106},[74,47119,2941],{"class":88},[74,47121,46945],{"class":92},[74,47123,29355],{"class":88},[74,47125,47126,47128,47130,47132,47134,47136,47138,47140,47142,47144,47146],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,47127,3424],{"class":88},[74,47129,47066],{"class":37022},[74,47131,47069],{"class":80},[74,47133,5609],{"class":3529},[74,47135,44930],{"class":1345},[74,47137,7020],{"class":106},[74,47139,47078],{"class":3529},[74,47141,47081],{"class":80},[74,47143,1972],{"class":167},[74,47145,679],{"class":106},[74,47147,47148],{"class":88}," ''\n",[74,47150,47151,47153,47155,47157,47159,47161,47163,47165,47167,47169,47171,47173,47175,47177,47179],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,47152,2946],{"class":88},[74,47154,46958],{"class":92},[74,47156,2946],{"class":88},[74,47158,47066],{"class":37022},[74,47160,47069],{"class":80},[74,47162,5609],{"class":3529},[74,47164,44930],{"class":1345},[74,47166,7020],{"class":106},[74,47168,47078],{"class":3529},[74,47170,47081],{"class":80},[74,47172,1972],{"class":167},[74,47174,679],{"class":106},[74,47176,2941],{"class":88},[74,47178,46958],{"class":92},[74,47180,29355],{"class":88},[20,47182,47183,47184,47186,47187,114],{},"If you are working with user input, see ",[125,47185,8636],{"href":8635}," and the ",[125,47188,47189,1944],{"href":7877},[15,47190,2601],{},[60,47192,571,47194,47196],{"id":47193},"using-int-with-floats",[15,47195,2521],{}," with floats",[20,47198,47199,47200,47202],{},"When you pass a float to ",[15,47201,2521],{},", Python removes the decimal part.",[20,47204,47205,47206,13711,47208,47210],{},"Important: ",[15,47207,2521],{},[332,47209,334],{}," round. It truncates toward zero.",[65,47212,47214],{"className":67,"code":47213,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(int(3.9))\nprint(int(3.1))\nprint(int(-3.9))\nprint(int(-3.1))\n",[15,47215,47216,47230,47245,47261],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,47217,47218,47220,47222,47224,47226,47228],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,47219,103],{"class":102},[74,47221,107],{"class":106},[74,47223,1831],{"class":1345},[74,47225,107],{"class":106},[74,47227,41639],{"class":167},[74,47229,130],{"class":106},[74,47231,47232,47234,47236,47238,47240,47243],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,47233,103],{"class":102},[74,47235,107],{"class":106},[74,47237,1831],{"class":1345},[74,47239,107],{"class":106},[74,47241,47242],{"class":167},"3.1",[74,47244,130],{"class":106},[74,47246,47247,47249,47251,47253,47255,47257,47259],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,47248,103],{"class":102},[74,47250,107],{"class":106},[74,47252,1831],{"class":1345},[74,47254,107],{"class":106},[74,47256,1669],{"class":84},[74,47258,41639],{"class":167},[74,47260,130],{"class":106},[74,47262,47263,47265,47267,47269,47271,47273,47275],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,47264,103],{"class":102},[74,47266,107],{"class":106},[74,47268,1831],{"class":1345},[74,47270,107],{"class":106},[74,47272,1669],{"class":84},[74,47274,47242],{"class":167},[74,47276,130],{"class":106},[20,47278,157],{},[65,47280,47282],{"className":67,"code":47281,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"3\n3\n-3\n-3\n",[15,47283,47284,47288,47292,47298],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,47285,47286],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,47287,168],{"class":167},[74,47289,47290],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,47291,168],{"class":167},[74,47293,47294,47296],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,47295,1669],{"class":84},[74,47297,168],{"class":167},[74,47299,47300,47302],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,47301,1669],{"class":84},[74,47303,168],{"class":167},[20,47305,47306],{},"This behavior matters with negative numbers.",[30,47308,47309,47316],{},[33,47310,47311,41810,47314],{},[15,47312,47313],{},"int(3.9)",[15,47315,321],{},[33,47317,47318,41810,47321],{},[15,47319,47320],{},"int(-3.9)",[15,47322,47323],{},"-3",[20,47325,47326,47327,47331,47332,114],{},"If you want decimal conversion instead, use ",[125,47328,47329],{"href":2524},[15,47330,2527],{},". If you want text conversion, use ",[125,47333,47334],{"href":41830},[15,47335,47336],{},"str()",[60,47338,571,47340,47342],{"id":47339},"using-int-with-booleans",[15,47341,2521],{}," with booleans",[20,47344,47345],{},"Booleans can also be converted to integers.",[65,47347,47349],{"className":67,"code":47348,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(int(True))\nprint(int(False))\n",[15,47350,47351,47365],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,47352,47353,47355,47357,47359,47361,47363],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,47354,103],{"class":102},[74,47356,107],{"class":106},[74,47358,1831],{"class":1345},[74,47360,107],{"class":106},[74,47362,338],{"class":3504},[74,47364,130],{"class":106},[74,47366,47367,47369,47371,47373,47375,47377],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,47368,103],{"class":102},[74,47370,107],{"class":106},[74,47372,1831],{"class":1345},[74,47374,107],{"class":106},[74,47376,342],{"class":3504},[74,47378,130],{"class":106},[20,47380,157],{},[65,47382,47384],{"className":67,"code":47383,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"1\n0\n",[15,47385,47386,47390],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,47387,47388],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,47389,669],{"class":167},[74,47391,47392],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,47393,46904],{"class":167},[20,47395,47396],{},"This can be useful in simple counting logic:",[65,47398,47400],{"className":67,"code":47399,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"passed = True\ntotal = int(passed)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,47401,47402,47411,47426,47430],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,47403,47404,47407,47409],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,47405,47406],{"class":80},"passed ",[74,47408,85],{"class":84},[74,47410,6076],{"class":3504},[74,47412,47413,47415,47417,47419,47421,47424],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,47414,40839],{"class":80},[74,47416,85],{"class":84},[74,47418,44930],{"class":1345},[74,47420,107],{"class":106},[74,47422,47423],{"class":110},"passed",[74,47425,260],{"class":106},[74,47427,47428],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,47429,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,47431,47432,47434,47436,47438],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,47433,103],{"class":102},[74,47435,107],{"class":106},[74,47437,40868],{"class":110},[74,47439,260],{"class":106},[20,47441,157],{},[65,47443,47444],{"className":67,"code":669,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,47445,47446],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,47447,47448],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,47449,669],{"class":167},[20,47451,47452,47453,114],{},"If you want to learn more about boolean values, see the ",[125,47454,47455,1944],{"href":5431},[15,47456,3464],{},[60,47458,47460],{"id":47459},"using-the-base-argument","Using the base argument",[20,47462,1294,47463,47466],{},[15,47464,47465],{},"base"," argument when a string represents a number in a different number system.",[262,47468,47470],{"id":47469},"binary-example","Binary example",[65,47472,47474],{"className":67,"code":47473,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,47475,47476],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,47477,47478,47480,47482,47484,47486,47488,47490,47492,47494,47496],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,47479,103],{"class":102},[74,47481,107],{"class":106},[74,47483,1831],{"class":1345},[74,47485,107],{"class":106},[74,47487,122],{"class":88},[74,47489,46246],{"class":92},[74,47491,122],{"class":88},[74,47493,249],{"class":106},[74,47495,620],{"class":167},[74,47497,130],{"class":106},[20,47499,157],{},[65,47501,47502],{"className":67,"code":2590,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,47503,47504],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,47505,47506],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,47507,2590],{"class":167},[20,47509,47510,47513],{},[15,47511,47512],{},"\"101\""," in binary means:",[30,47515,47516,47521,47526],{},[33,47517,47518],{},[15,47519,47520],{},"1 × 4",[33,47522,47523],{},[15,47524,47525],{},"0 × 2",[33,47527,47528],{},[15,47529,47530],{},"1 × 1",[20,47532,47533,47534,114],{},"So the result is ",[15,47535,711],{},[262,47537,47539],{"id":47538},"hexadecimal-example","Hexadecimal example",[65,47541,47543],{"className":67,"code":47542,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,47544,47545],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,47546,47547,47549,47551,47553,47555,47557,47559,47561,47563,47565],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,47548,103],{"class":102},[74,47550,107],{"class":106},[74,47552,1831],{"class":1345},[74,47554,107],{"class":106},[74,47556,122],{"class":88},[74,47558,46669],{"class":92},[74,47560,122],{"class":88},[74,47562,249],{"class":106},[74,47564,13645],{"class":167},[74,47566,130],{"class":106},[20,47568,157],{},[65,47570,47571],{"className":67,"code":46698,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,47572,47573],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,47574,47575],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,47576,46698],{"class":167},[262,47578,47580],{"id":47579},"important-rule","Important rule",[20,47582,1627,47583,47585],{},[15,47584,47465],{}," argument is for string-like input, not normal numeric values.",[20,47587,47588],{},"Good:",[65,47590,47591],{"className":67,"code":47473,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,47592,47593],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,47594,47595,47597,47599,47601,47603,47605,47607,47609,47611,47613],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,47596,103],{"class":102},[74,47598,107],{"class":106},[74,47600,1831],{"class":1345},[74,47602,107],{"class":106},[74,47604,122],{"class":88},[74,47606,46246],{"class":92},[74,47608,122],{"class":88},[74,47610,249],{"class":106},[74,47612,620],{"class":167},[74,47614,130],{"class":106},[20,47616,47617],{},"Not correct:",[65,47619,47621],{"className":67,"code":47620,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"# int(101, 2)\n",[15,47622,47623],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,47624,47625],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,47626,47620],{"class":3314},[20,47628,47629,47630,8259,47632,47634],{},"That causes a ",[15,47631,2649],{},[15,47633,47465],{}," should not be used with a normal integer value.",[60,47636,47638],{"id":47637},"what-errors-can-happen","What errors can happen",[20,47640,47641,47642,47644,47645,51,47647,114],{},"Two common errors with ",[15,47643,2521],{}," are ",[15,47646,40361],{},[15,47648,2649],{},[262,47650,47651],{"id":41168},[15,47652,40361],{},[20,47654,47655],{},"This happens when a string is not a valid integer.",[20,47657,506],{},[65,47659,47661],{"className":67,"code":47660,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"try:\n    print(int(\"3.14\"))\nexcept ValueError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,47662,47663,47669,47687,47699],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,47664,47665,47667],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,47666,29459],{"class":3529},[74,47668,6046],{"class":106},[74,47670,47671,47673,47675,47677,47679,47681,47683,47685],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,47672,7726],{"class":102},[74,47674,107],{"class":106},[74,47676,1831],{"class":1345},[74,47678,107],{"class":106},[74,47680,122],{"class":88},[74,47682,39800],{"class":92},[74,47684,122],{"class":88},[74,47686,130],{"class":106},[74,47688,47689,47691,47693,47695,47697],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,47690,29490],{"class":3529},[74,47692,41581],{"class":1345},[74,47694,47010],{"class":3529},[74,47696,47013],{"class":80},[74,47698,6046],{"class":106},[74,47700,47701,47703,47705,47707],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,47702,7726],{"class":102},[74,47704,107],{"class":106},[74,47706,47042],{"class":110},[74,47708,260],{"class":106},[20,47710,157],{},[65,47712,47714],{"className":67,"code":47713,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n",[15,47715,47716],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,47717,47718,47721,47723,47725,47727,47729,47731,47733,47735,47737,47739],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,47719,47720],{"class":80},"invalid literal ",[74,47722,5609],{"class":3529},[74,47724,44930],{"class":1345},[74,47726,7020],{"class":106},[74,47728,47078],{"class":3529},[74,47730,47081],{"class":80},[74,47732,1972],{"class":167},[74,47734,679],{"class":106},[74,47736,2941],{"class":88},[74,47738,39800],{"class":92},[74,47740,29355],{"class":88},[20,47742,47743,47744,47747,47748,47750],{},"A decimal string like ",[15,47745,47746],{},"\"3.14\""," does not work directly with ",[15,47749,2521],{},". You need to convert it to a float first:",[65,47752,47754],{"className":67,"code":47753,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(int(float(\"3.14\")))\n",[15,47755,47756],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,47757,47758,47760,47762,47764,47766,47768,47770,47772,47774,47776],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,47759,103],{"class":102},[74,47761,107],{"class":106},[74,47763,1831],{"class":1345},[74,47765,107],{"class":106},[74,47767,1834],{"class":1345},[74,47769,107],{"class":106},[74,47771,122],{"class":88},[74,47773,39800],{"class":92},[74,47775,122],{"class":88},[74,47777,2555],{"class":106},[20,47779,157],{},[65,47781,47782],{"className":67,"code":168,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,47783,47784],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,47785,47786],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,47787,168],{"class":167},[20,47789,47790,47791,51,47794,114],{},"If you see this often, read ",[125,47792,47793],{"href":2605},"how to convert string to int in Python",[125,47795,25336,47796],{"href":45570},[15,47797,45571],{},[262,47799,47800],{"id":41234},[15,47801,2649],{},[20,47803,47804],{},"This can happen with unsupported input types.",[20,47806,506],{},[65,47808,47810],{"className":67,"code":47809,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"try:\n    print(int(None))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,47811,47812,47818,47832,47845],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,47813,47814,47816],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,47815,29459],{"class":3529},[74,47817,6046],{"class":106},[74,47819,47820,47822,47824,47826,47828,47830],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,47821,7726],{"class":102},[74,47823,107],{"class":106},[74,47825,1831],{"class":1345},[74,47827,107],{"class":106},[74,47829,3429],{"class":3504},[74,47831,130],{"class":106},[74,47833,47834,47836,47839,47841,47843],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,47835,29490],{"class":3529},[74,47837,47838],{"class":1345}," TypeError",[74,47840,47010],{"class":3529},[74,47842,47013],{"class":80},[74,47844,6046],{"class":106},[74,47846,47847,47849,47851,47853],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,47848,7726],{"class":102},[74,47850,107],{"class":106},[74,47852,47042],{"class":110},[74,47854,260],{"class":106},[20,47856,157],{},[65,47858,47860],{"className":67,"code":47859,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"int() argument must be a string, a bytes-like object or a real number, not 'NoneType'\n",[15,47861,47862],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,47863,47864,47866,47868,47871,47873,47875,47878,47880,47883,47885,47888,47890,47892,47894,47896,47899],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,47865,1831],{"class":1345},[74,47867,7020],{"class":106},[74,47869,47870],{"class":80}," argument must be a string",[74,47872,249],{"class":106},[74,47874,44199],{"class":80},[74,47876,47877],{"class":1345},"bytes",[74,47879,1669],{"class":84},[74,47881,47882],{"class":80},"like ",[74,47884,42054],{"class":1345},[74,47886,47887],{"class":84}," or",[74,47889,40497],{"class":80},[74,47891,249],{"class":106},[74,47893,7757],{"class":84},[74,47895,2941],{"class":88},[74,47897,47898],{"class":92},"NoneType",[74,47900,29355],{"class":88},[20,47902,47903,47904,47906],{},"Another example is using the ",[15,47905,47465],{}," argument with a non-string numeric value:",[65,47908,47910],{"className":67,"code":47909,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"try:\n    print(int(101, 2))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,47911,47912,47918,47936,47948],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,47913,47914,47916],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,47915,29459],{"class":3529},[74,47917,6046],{"class":106},[74,47919,47920,47922,47924,47926,47928,47930,47932,47934],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,47921,7726],{"class":102},[74,47923,107],{"class":106},[74,47925,1831],{"class":1345},[74,47927,107],{"class":106},[74,47929,46246],{"class":167},[74,47931,249],{"class":106},[74,47933,620],{"class":167},[74,47935,130],{"class":106},[74,47937,47938,47940,47942,47944,47946],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,47939,29490],{"class":3529},[74,47941,47838],{"class":1345},[74,47943,47010],{"class":3529},[74,47945,47013],{"class":80},[74,47947,6046],{"class":106},[74,47949,47950,47952,47954,47956],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,47951,7726],{"class":102},[74,47953,107],{"class":106},[74,47955,47042],{"class":110},[74,47957,260],{"class":106},[20,47959,157],{},[65,47961,47963],{"className":67,"code":47962,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"int() can't convert non-string with explicit base\n",[15,47964,47965],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,47966,47967,47969,47971,47974,47976],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,47968,1831],{"class":1345},[74,47970,7020],{"class":106},[74,47972,47973],{"class":80}," can",[74,47975,2946],{"class":88},[74,47977,47978],{"class":92},"t convert non-string with explicit base\n",[60,47980,1260,47982],{"id":47981},"when-to-use-int",[15,47983,2521],{},[20,47985,176,47986,47988],{},[15,47987,2521],{}," when you need a whole number.",[20,47990,47991],{},"Common uses:",[30,47993,47994,48000,48003,48006],{},[33,47995,47996,47997,47999],{},"Convert user input from ",[15,47998,2601],{}," into integers",[33,48001,48002],{},"Turn float results into integers when truncation is acceptable",[33,48004,48005],{},"Parse numeric strings from files or APIs",[33,48007,48008,48009,36272],{},"Convert binary or hexadecimal strings with the ",[15,48010,47465],{},[20,48012,48013],{},"Example with user input:",[65,48015,48017],{"className":67,"code":48016,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"age_text = \"18\"\nage = int(age_text)\n\nprint(age + 1)\n",[15,48018,48019,48033,48048,48052],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,48020,48021,48024,48026,48028,48031],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,48022,48023],{"class":80},"age_text ",[74,48025,85],{"class":84},[74,48027,89],{"class":88},[74,48029,48030],{"class":92},"18",[74,48032,96],{"class":88},[74,48034,48035,48037,48039,48041,48043,48046],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,48036,21284],{"class":80},[74,48038,85],{"class":84},[74,48040,44930],{"class":1345},[74,48042,107],{"class":106},[74,48044,48045],{"class":110},"age_text",[74,48047,260],{"class":106},[74,48049,48050],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,48051,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,48053,48054,48056,48058,48060,48062,48064],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,48055,103],{"class":102},[74,48057,107],{"class":106},[74,48059,21284],{"class":110},[74,48061,1706],{"class":84},[74,48063,5148],{"class":167},[74,48065,260],{"class":106},[20,48067,157],{},[65,48069,48071],{"className":67,"code":48070,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"19\n",[15,48072,48073],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,48074,48075],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,48076,48070],{"class":167},[60,48078,914],{"id":913},[20,48080,14391,48081,114],{},[15,48082,2521],{},[262,48084,48086],{"id":48085},"passing-a-string-with-decimal-text","Passing a string with decimal text",[20,48088,48089],{},"This fails:",[65,48091,48093],{"className":67,"code":48092,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"# int(\"4.5\")\n",[15,48094,48095],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,48096,48097],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,48098,48092],{"class":3314},[20,48100,48101,48102,48105],{},"Why: ",[15,48103,48104],{},"\"4.5\""," is not an integer string.",[20,48107,18495],{},[65,48109,48111],{"className":67,"code":48110,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(int(float(\"4.5\")))\n",[15,48112,48113],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,48114,48115,48117,48119,48121,48123,48125,48127,48129,48131,48133],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,48116,103],{"class":102},[74,48118,107],{"class":106},[74,48120,1831],{"class":1345},[74,48122,107],{"class":106},[74,48124,1834],{"class":1345},[74,48126,107],{"class":106},[74,48128,122],{"class":88},[74,48130,40780],{"class":92},[74,48132,122],{"class":88},[74,48134,2555],{"class":106},[262,48136,48138],{"id":48137},"passing-text-with-letters","Passing text with letters",[20,48140,48089],{},[65,48142,48144],{"className":67,"code":48143,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"# int(\"12abc\")\n",[15,48145,48146],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,48147,48148],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,48149,48143],{"class":3314},[20,48151,48152],{},"Why: the string contains non-numeric characters.",[262,48154,48156,48157],{"id":48155},"trying-intnone","Trying ",[15,48158,48159],{},"int(None)",[20,48161,48162,48163,48165],{},"This fails because ",[15,48164,3429],{}," is not a number or numeric string.",[65,48167,48169],{"className":67,"code":48168,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"value = None\n\ntry:\n    print(int(value))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48170,48171,48180,48184,48190,48204,48216],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,48172,48173,48175,48177],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,48174,2089],{"class":80},[74,48176,85],{"class":84},[74,48178,48179],{"class":3504}," None\n",[74,48181,48182],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,48183,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,48185,48186,48188],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,48187,29459],{"class":3529},[74,48189,6046],{"class":106},[74,48191,48192,48194,48196,48198,48200,48202],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,48193,7726],{"class":102},[74,48195,107],{"class":106},[74,48197,1831],{"class":1345},[74,48199,107],{"class":106},[74,48201,246],{"class":110},[74,48203,130],{"class":106},[74,48205,48206,48208,48210,48212,48214],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,48207,29490],{"class":3529},[74,48209,47838],{"class":1345},[74,48211,47010],{"class":3529},[74,48213,47013],{"class":80},[74,48215,6046],{"class":106},[74,48217,48218,48220,48222,48224],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,48219,7726],{"class":102},[74,48221,107],{"class":106},[74,48223,47042],{"class":110},[74,48225,260],{"class":106},[262,48227,48229],{"id":48228},"using-the-base-argument-with-a-non-string","Using the base argument with a non-string",[20,48231,48089],{},[65,48233,48234],{"className":67,"code":47620,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,48235,48236],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,48237,48238],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,48239,47620],{"class":3314},[20,48241,48242],{},"Use a string instead:",[65,48244,48245],{"className":67,"code":47473,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,48246,48247],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,48248,48249,48251,48253,48255,48257,48259,48261,48263,48265,48267],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,48250,103],{"class":102},[74,48252,107],{"class":106},[74,48254,1831],{"class":1345},[74,48256,107],{"class":106},[74,48258,122],{"class":88},[74,48260,46246],{"class":92},[74,48262,122],{"class":88},[74,48264,249],{"class":106},[74,48266,620],{"class":167},[74,48268,130],{"class":106},[262,48270,923,48272,48274],{"id":48271},"expecting-int-to-round",[15,48273,2521],{}," to round",[20,48276,48277],{},"This is a very common misunderstanding.",[65,48279,48281],{"className":67,"code":48280,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(int(4.9))\n",[15,48282,48283],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,48284,48285,48287,48289,48291,48293,48296],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,48286,103],{"class":102},[74,48288,107],{"class":106},[74,48290,1831],{"class":1345},[74,48292,107],{"class":106},[74,48294,48295],{"class":167},"4.9",[74,48297,130],{"class":106},[20,48299,157],{},[65,48301,48303],{"className":67,"code":48302,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"4\n",[15,48304,48305],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,48306,48307],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,48308,48302],{"class":167},[20,48310,2814,48311,48313,48314,48316],{},[15,48312,711],{},", remember that ",[15,48315,2521],{}," truncates. It does not round.",[60,48318,1471],{"id":1470},[262,48320,1517,48322,48324],{"id":48321},"does-int-round-numbers",[15,48323,2521],{}," round numbers?",[20,48326,46019,48327,48329],{},[15,48328,2521],{}," removes the decimal part. It does not round to the nearest whole number.",[262,48331,4808,48333,48336],{"id":48332},"why-does-int314-fail",[15,48334,48335],{},"int(\"3.14\")"," fail?",[20,48338,28716,48339,48341,48342,48344,48345,39586],{},[15,48340,47746],{}," is not an integer string. Convert it with ",[15,48343,2527],{}," first, then use ",[15,48346,2521],{},[262,48348,1495,48350,12374],{"id":48349},"what-does-inttrue-return",[15,48351,48352],{},"int(True)",[20,48354,1501,48355,27968,48357,41810,48359,114],{},[15,48356,2632],{},[15,48358,342],{},[15,48360,327],{},[262,48362,48364],{"id":48363},"when-should-i-use-the-base-argument","When should I use the base argument?",[20,48366,48367],{},"Use it when the input string is written in another base, such as binary or hexadecimal.",[60,48369,1527],{"id":1526},[30,48371,48372,48378,48384,48390,48395,48399,48405],{},[33,48373,48374],{},[125,48375,48376,3156],{"href":2524},[15,48377,2527],{},[33,48379,48380],{},[125,48381,48382,3156],{"href":41830},[15,48383,47336],{},[33,48385,48386],{},[125,48387,48388,3156],{"href":5431},[15,48389,3464],{},[33,48391,48392],{},[125,48393,48394],{"href":2605},"How to convert string to int in Python",[33,48396,48397],{},[125,48398,8713],{"href":8635},[33,48400,48401],{},[125,48402,48403,3156],{"href":7877},[15,48404,2601],{},[33,48406,48407],{},[125,48408,30003,48409],{"href":45570},[15,48410,45571],{},[1566,48412,48413],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}",{"title":70,"searchDepth":99,"depth":99,"links":48415},[48416,48417,48419,48423,48428,48430,48432,48437,48441,48443,48452,48461],{"id":62,"depth":99,"text":63},{"id":46282,"depth":99,"text":48418},"What int() does",{"id":226,"depth":99,"text":227,"children":48420},[48421,48422],{"id":46473,"depth":133,"text":46476},{"id":46572,"depth":133,"text":46575},{"id":46708,"depth":99,"text":48424,"children":48425},"Using int() with strings",[48426,48427],{"id":46830,"depth":133,"text":46831},{"id":46918,"depth":133,"text":46919},{"id":47193,"depth":99,"text":48429},"Using int() with floats",{"id":47339,"depth":99,"text":48431},"Using int() with booleans",{"id":47459,"depth":99,"text":47460,"children":48433},[48434,48435,48436],{"id":47469,"depth":133,"text":47470},{"id":47538,"depth":133,"text":47539},{"id":47579,"depth":133,"text":47580},{"id":47637,"depth":99,"text":47638,"children":48438},[48439,48440],{"id":41168,"depth":133,"text":40361},{"id":41234,"depth":133,"text":2649},{"id":47981,"depth":99,"text":48442},"When to use int()",{"id":913,"depth":99,"text":914,"children":48444},[48445,48446,48447,48449,48450],{"id":48085,"depth":133,"text":48086},{"id":48137,"depth":133,"text":48138},{"id":48155,"depth":133,"text":48448},"Trying int(None)",{"id":48228,"depth":133,"text":48229},{"id":48271,"depth":133,"text":48451},"Expecting int() to round",{"id":1470,"depth":99,"text":1471,"children":48453},[48454,48456,48458,48460],{"id":48321,"depth":133,"text":48455},"Does int() round numbers?",{"id":48332,"depth":133,"text":48457},"Why does int(\"3.14\") fail?",{"id":48349,"depth":133,"text":48459},"What does int(True) return?",{"id":48363,"depth":133,"text":48364},{"id":1526,"depth":99,"text":1527},"Master python int function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained",{"title":41751,"description":48462},"reference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained","kWr352mNCnbYYS6Ka2UotgJ1vPfx2o66tzsvdXJo79A",{"id":48469,"title":48470,"body":48471,"description":50306,"extension":1610,"meta":50307,"navigation":407,"path":44456,"seo":50308,"stem":50309,"__hash__":50310},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained.md","Python isinstance() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":48472,"toc":50262},[48473,48478,48483,48491,48500,48502,48561,48567,48572,48577,48580,48608,48611,48614,48625,48635,48637,48639,48659,48663,48691,48693,48732,48734,48742,48744,48747,48751,48804,48806,48818,48822,48879,48881,48893,48899,48905,48909,48912,48915,48981,48983,48995,49001,49003,49055,49058,49099,49102,49109,49118,49124,49127,49160,49166,49169,49200,49206,49209,49221,49225,49230,49234,49392,49394,49409,49412,49416,49520,49522,49539,49543,49604,49606,49614,49617,49621,49688,49690,49699,49705,49707,49716,49718,49753,49758,49760,49790,49794,49796,49833,49836,49838,49875,49881,49883,49933,49935,49943,49953,49959,49963,49968,50017,50019,50032,50035,50037,50040,50115,50118,50137,50140,50169,50179,50181,50186,50193,50199,50205,50212,50220,50226,50229,50231,50259],[10,48474,3223,48476,3227],{"id":48475},"python-isinstance-function-explained",[15,48477,44459],{},[20,48479,48480,48482],{},[15,48481,44459],{}," checks whether a value matches a type.",[20,48484,48485,48486,339,48488,48490],{},"It is a built-in Python function that returns either ",[15,48487,338],{},[15,48489,342],{},". It is often used before running code that depends on a value being a string, number, list, tuple, or dictionary.",[20,48492,48493,48494,48496,48497,48499],{},"In many cases, ",[15,48495,44459],{}," is a better choice than checking ",[15,48498,1943],{}," directly because it also works with parent and child types.",[60,48501,3256],{"id":3255},[65,48503,48505],{"className":67,"code":48504,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"value = 10\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))   # True\nprint(isinstance(value, str))   # False\n",[15,48506,48507,48515,48519,48540],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,48508,48509,48511,48513],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,48510,2089],{"class":80},[74,48512,85],{"class":84},[74,48514,2231],{"class":167},[74,48516,48517],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,48518,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,48520,48521,48523,48525,48528,48530,48532,48534,48536,48538],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,48522,103],{"class":102},[74,48524,107],{"class":106},[74,48526,48527],{"class":102},"isinstance",[74,48529,107],{"class":106},[74,48531,246],{"class":110},[74,48533,249],{"class":106},[74,48535,44930],{"class":1345},[74,48537,5011],{"class":106},[74,48539,43509],{"class":3314},[74,48541,48542,48544,48546,48548,48550,48552,48554,48557,48559],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,48543,103],{"class":102},[74,48545,107],{"class":106},[74,48547,48527],{"class":102},[74,48549,107],{"class":106},[74,48551,246],{"class":110},[74,48553,249],{"class":106},[74,48555,48556],{"class":1345}," str",[74,48558,5011],{"class":106},[74,48560,43526],{"class":3314},[20,48562,176,48563,48566],{},[15,48564,48565],{},"isinstance(object, classinfo)"," to check whether a value matches a type or one of its parent types.",[60,48568,3328,48570,38],{"id":48569},"what-isinstance-does",[15,48571,44459],{},[20,48573,48574,48576],{},[15,48575,44459],{}," is used to test a value against a type.",[20,48578,48579],{},"It:",[30,48581,48582,48585,48591,48594],{},[33,48583,48584],{},"Checks whether a value is an instance of a type",[33,48586,11082,48587,339,48589],{},[15,48588,338],{},[15,48590,342],{},[33,48592,48593],{},"Helps you safely run type-specific code",[33,48595,48596,48597,220,48599,220,48601,220,48603,16730,48606],{},"Is commonly used with ",[15,48598,3090],{},[15,48600,1831],{},[15,48602,7751],{},[15,48604,48605],{},"tuple",[15,48607,8477],{},[20,48609,48610],{},"This is useful when your code needs to behave differently for different kinds of data.",[20,48612,48613],{},"For example, you might want to:",[30,48615,48616,48619,48622],{},[33,48617,48618],{},"loop through a list",[33,48620,48621],{},"join text only if a value is a string",[33,48623,48624],{},"do math only if a value is a number",[20,48626,48627,48628,339,48631,114],{},"If you need a refresher on Python types, see ",[125,48629,44451],{"href":48630},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview\u002F",[125,48632,48634],{"href":48633},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-data-type-in-python\u002F","what a data type means in Python",[60,48636,227],{"id":226},[20,48638,1802],{},[65,48640,48642],{"className":67,"code":48641,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"isinstance(object, classinfo)\n",[15,48643,48644],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,48645,48646,48648,48650,48652,48654,48657],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,48647,48527],{"class":102},[74,48649,107],{"class":106},[74,48651,42054],{"class":1345},[74,48653,249],{"class":106},[74,48655,48656],{"class":110}," classinfo",[74,48658,260],{"class":106},[262,48660,48662],{"id":48661},"parts-of-the-syntax","Parts of the syntax",[30,48664,48665,48670,48684],{},[33,48666,48667,48669],{},[15,48668,42054],{}," is the value you want to test",[33,48671,48672,48675,48676,220,48678,220,48680,1835,48682],{},[15,48673,48674],{},"classinfo"," is the type to check against, such as ",[15,48677,1831],{},[15,48679,3090],{},[15,48681,7751],{},[15,48683,8477],{},[33,48685,48686,48687,339,48689],{},"The result is always a Boolean value: ",[15,48688,338],{},[15,48690,342],{},[20,48692,506],{},[65,48694,48696],{"className":67,"code":48695,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"name = \"Maya\"\n\nprint(isinstance(name, str))\n",[15,48697,48698,48710,48714],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,48699,48700,48702,48704,48706,48708],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,48701,7533],{"class":80},[74,48703,85],{"class":84},[74,48705,89],{"class":88},[74,48707,11166],{"class":92},[74,48709,96],{"class":88},[74,48711,48712],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,48713,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,48715,48716,48718,48720,48722,48724,48726,48728,48730],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,48717,103],{"class":102},[74,48719,107],{"class":106},[74,48721,48527],{"class":102},[74,48723,107],{"class":106},[74,48725,7323],{"class":110},[74,48727,249],{"class":106},[74,48729,48556],{"class":1345},[74,48731,130],{"class":106},[20,48733,157],{},[65,48735,48736],{"className":67,"code":3631,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,48737,48738],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,48739,48740],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,48741,3631],{"class":3504},[60,48743,357],{"id":356},[20,48745,48746],{},"Here is a small example that checks one value at a time.",[262,48748,48750],{"id":48749},"check-an-integer","Check an integer",[65,48752,48754],{"className":67,"code":48753,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"value = 25\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\n",[15,48755,48756,48764,48768,48786],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,48757,48758,48760,48762],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,48759,2089],{"class":80},[74,48761,85],{"class":84},[74,48763,44879],{"class":167},[74,48765,48766],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,48767,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,48769,48770,48772,48774,48776,48778,48780,48782,48784],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,48771,103],{"class":102},[74,48773,107],{"class":106},[74,48775,48527],{"class":102},[74,48777,107],{"class":106},[74,48779,246],{"class":110},[74,48781,249],{"class":106},[74,48783,44930],{"class":1345},[74,48785,130],{"class":106},[74,48787,48788,48790,48792,48794,48796,48798,48800,48802],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,48789,103],{"class":102},[74,48791,107],{"class":106},[74,48793,48527],{"class":102},[74,48795,107],{"class":106},[74,48797,246],{"class":110},[74,48799,249],{"class":106},[74,48801,48556],{"class":1345},[74,48803,130],{"class":106},[20,48805,157],{},[65,48807,48808],{"className":67,"code":43828,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,48809,48810,48814],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,48811,48812],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,48813,3631],{"class":3504},[74,48815,48816],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,48817,3692],{"class":3504},[262,48819,48821],{"id":48820},"check-text","Check text",[65,48823,48825],{"className":67,"code":48824,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(isinstance(text, str))\nprint(isinstance(text, int))\n",[15,48826,48827,48839,48843,48861],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,48828,48829,48831,48833,48835,48837],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,48830,81],{"class":80},[74,48832,85],{"class":84},[74,48834,89],{"class":88},[74,48836,3497],{"class":92},[74,48838,96],{"class":88},[74,48840,48841],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,48842,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,48844,48845,48847,48849,48851,48853,48855,48857,48859],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,48846,103],{"class":102},[74,48848,107],{"class":106},[74,48850,48527],{"class":102},[74,48852,107],{"class":106},[74,48854,111],{"class":110},[74,48856,249],{"class":106},[74,48858,48556],{"class":1345},[74,48860,130],{"class":106},[74,48862,48863,48865,48867,48869,48871,48873,48875,48877],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,48864,103],{"class":102},[74,48866,107],{"class":106},[74,48868,48527],{"class":102},[74,48870,107],{"class":106},[74,48872,111],{"class":110},[74,48874,249],{"class":106},[74,48876,44930],{"class":1345},[74,48878,130],{"class":106},[20,48880,157],{},[65,48882,48883],{"className":67,"code":43828,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,48884,48885,48889],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,48886,48887],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,48888,3631],{"class":3504},[74,48890,48891],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,48892,3692],{"class":3504},[20,48894,48895,48896,48898],{},"In both examples, ",[15,48897,44459],{}," only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[20,48900,48901,48902,114],{},"If you want to change a value from one type to another, that is conversion, not type checking. For example, see ",[125,48903,48904],{"href":2605},"how to convert a string to an integer in Python",[60,48906,48908],{"id":48907},"checking-against-multiple-types","Checking against multiple types",[20,48910,48911],{},"The second argument can be a tuple of types.",[20,48913,48914],{},"This is helpful when more than one type is acceptable.",[65,48916,48918],{"className":67,"code":48917,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(isinstance(value, (str, list)))\n",[15,48919,48920,48929,48933,48957],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,48921,48922,48924,48926],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,48923,2089],{"class":80},[74,48925,85],{"class":84},[74,48927,48928],{"class":167}," 3.5\n",[74,48930,48931],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,48932,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,48934,48935,48937,48939,48941,48943,48945,48947,48949,48951,48953,48955],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,48936,103],{"class":102},[74,48938,107],{"class":106},[74,48940,48527],{"class":102},[74,48942,107],{"class":106},[74,48944,246],{"class":110},[74,48946,249],{"class":106},[74,48948,8892],{"class":106},[74,48950,1831],{"class":1345},[74,48952,249],{"class":106},[74,48954,39912],{"class":1345},[74,48956,2555],{"class":106},[74,48958,48959,48961,48963,48965,48967,48969,48971,48973,48975,48977,48979],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,48960,103],{"class":102},[74,48962,107],{"class":106},[74,48964,48527],{"class":102},[74,48966,107],{"class":106},[74,48968,246],{"class":110},[74,48970,249],{"class":106},[74,48972,8892],{"class":106},[74,48974,3090],{"class":1345},[74,48976,249],{"class":106},[74,48978,22216],{"class":1345},[74,48980,2555],{"class":106},[20,48982,157],{},[65,48984,48985],{"className":67,"code":43828,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,48986,48987,48991],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,48988,48989],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,48990,3631],{"class":3504},[74,48992,48993],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,48994,3692],{"class":3504},[20,48996,48997,48998,49000],{},"This is much cleaner than writing long ",[15,48999,40494],{}," conditions.",[20,49002,7956],{},[65,49004,49006],{"className":67,"code":49005,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(type(value) == int or type(value) == float)\n",[15,49007,49008,49016,49020],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,49009,49010,49012,49014],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,49011,2089],{"class":80},[74,49013,85],{"class":84},[74,49015,48928],{"class":167},[74,49017,49018],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,49019,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,49021,49022,49024,49026,49028,49030,49032,49034,49036,49038,49040,49043,49045,49047,49049,49051,49053],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,49023,103],{"class":102},[74,49025,107],{"class":106},[74,49027,1346],{"class":1345},[74,49029,107],{"class":106},[74,49031,246],{"class":110},[74,49033,3311],{"class":106},[74,49035,6061],{"class":84},[74,49037,44930],{"class":1345},[74,49039,47887],{"class":3529},[74,49041,49042],{"class":1345}," type",[74,49044,107],{"class":106},[74,49046,246],{"class":110},[74,49048,3311],{"class":106},[74,49050,6061],{"class":84},[74,49052,39912],{"class":1345},[74,49054,260],{"class":106},[20,49056,49057],{},"you can write this:",[65,49059,49061],{"className":67,"code":49060,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,49062,49063,49071,49075],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,49064,49065,49067,49069],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,49066,2089],{"class":80},[74,49068,85],{"class":84},[74,49070,48928],{"class":167},[74,49072,49073],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,49074,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,49076,49077,49079,49081,49083,49085,49087,49089,49091,49093,49095,49097],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,49078,103],{"class":102},[74,49080,107],{"class":106},[74,49082,48527],{"class":102},[74,49084,107],{"class":106},[74,49086,246],{"class":110},[74,49088,249],{"class":106},[74,49090,8892],{"class":106},[74,49092,1831],{"class":1345},[74,49094,249],{"class":106},[74,49096,39912],{"class":1345},[74,49098,2555],{"class":106},[20,49100,49101],{},"A common use case is accepting both integers and decimal numbers as numeric input.",[60,49103,49105,10243,49107],{"id":49104},"isinstance-vs-type",[15,49106,44459],{},[15,49108,1943],{},[20,49110,10248,49111,51,49113,49117],{},[15,49112,44459],{},[125,49114,49115],{"href":1940},[15,49116,1943],{}," are related to types, but they are not the same.",[262,49119,49121],{"id":49120},"typevalue-int",[15,49122,49123],{},"type(value) == int",[20,49125,49126],{},"This checks for one exact type.",[65,49128,49130],{"className":67,"code":49129,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"value = 10\nprint(type(value) == int)\n",[15,49131,49132,49140],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,49133,49134,49136,49138],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,49135,2089],{"class":80},[74,49137,85],{"class":84},[74,49139,2231],{"class":167},[74,49141,49142,49144,49146,49148,49150,49152,49154,49156,49158],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,49143,103],{"class":102},[74,49145,107],{"class":106},[74,49147,1346],{"class":1345},[74,49149,107],{"class":106},[74,49151,246],{"class":110},[74,49153,3311],{"class":106},[74,49155,6061],{"class":84},[74,49157,44930],{"class":1345},[74,49159,260],{"class":106},[262,49161,49163],{"id":49162},"isinstancevalue-int",[15,49164,49165],{},"isinstance(value, int)",[20,49167,49168],{},"This checks whether the value matches that type, including inherited types.",[65,49170,49172],{"className":67,"code":49171,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,49173,49174,49182],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,49175,49176,49178,49180],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,49177,2089],{"class":80},[74,49179,85],{"class":84},[74,49181,2231],{"class":167},[74,49183,49184,49186,49188,49190,49192,49194,49196,49198],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,49185,103],{"class":102},[74,49187,107],{"class":106},[74,49189,48527],{"class":102},[74,49191,107],{"class":106},[74,49193,246],{"class":110},[74,49195,249],{"class":106},[74,49197,44930],{"class":1345},[74,49199,130],{"class":106},[20,49201,49202,49203,49205],{},"For beginners, ",[15,49204,44459],{}," is usually the safer choice when you want to know whether a value can be treated like a certain type.",[20,49207,49208],{},"In everyday code:",[30,49210,49211,49216],{},[33,49212,39647,49213,49215],{},[15,49214,1943],{}," when you need the exact type",[33,49217,39647,49218,49220],{},[15,49219,44459],{}," when you want a practical type check",[60,49222,49224],{"id":49223},"common-real-uses","Common real uses",[20,49226,49227,49228,114],{},"Here are some common beginner-friendly uses for ",[15,49229,44459],{},[262,49231,49233],{"id":49232},"validate-function-inputs","Validate function inputs",[65,49235,49237],{"className":67,"code":49236,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"def repeat_text(text, count):\n    if not isinstance(text, str):\n        return \"text must be a string\"\n    \n    if not isinstance(count, int):\n        return \"count must be an integer\"\n    \n    return text * count\n\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", 3))\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", \"3\"))\n",[15,49238,49239,49257,49276,49288,49293,49311,49322,49326,49338,49342,49366],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,49240,49241,49243,49246,49248,49250,49252,49255],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,49242,34508],{"class":1711},[74,49244,49245],{"class":34511}," repeat_text",[74,49247,107],{"class":106},[74,49249,111],{"class":37318},[74,49251,249],{"class":106},[74,49253,49254],{"class":37318}," count",[74,49256,8000],{"class":106},[74,49258,49259,49261,49263,49266,49268,49270,49272,49274],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,49260,6051],{"class":3529},[74,49262,7757],{"class":84},[74,49264,49265],{"class":102}," isinstance",[74,49267,107],{"class":106},[74,49269,111],{"class":110},[74,49271,249],{"class":106},[74,49273,48556],{"class":1345},[74,49275,8000],{"class":106},[74,49277,49278,49281,49283,49286],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,49279,49280],{"class":3529},"        return",[74,49282,89],{"class":88},[74,49284,49285],{"class":92},"text must be a string",[74,49287,96],{"class":88},[74,49289,49290],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,49291,49292],{"class":80},"    \n",[74,49294,49295,49297,49299,49301,49303,49305,49307,49309],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,49296,6051],{"class":3529},[74,49298,7757],{"class":84},[74,49300,49265],{"class":102},[74,49302,107],{"class":106},[74,49304,117],{"class":110},[74,49306,249],{"class":106},[74,49308,44930],{"class":1345},[74,49310,8000],{"class":106},[74,49312,49313,49315,49317,49320],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,49314,49280],{"class":3529},[74,49316,89],{"class":88},[74,49318,49319],{"class":92},"count must be an integer",[74,49321,96],{"class":88},[74,49323,49324],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,49325,49292],{"class":80},[74,49327,49328,49330,49333,49335],{"class":76,"line":6079},[74,49329,34519],{"class":3529},[74,49331,49332],{"class":80}," text ",[74,49334,39529],{"class":84},[74,49336,49337],{"class":80}," count\n",[74,49339,49340],{"class":76,"line":6085},[74,49341,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,49343,49344,49346,49348,49351,49353,49355,49358,49360,49362,49364],{"class":76,"line":6090},[74,49345,103],{"class":102},[74,49347,107],{"class":106},[74,49349,49350],{"class":110},"repeat_text",[74,49352,107],{"class":106},[74,49354,122],{"class":88},[74,49356,49357],{"class":92},"Hi ",[74,49359,122],{"class":88},[74,49361,249],{"class":106},[74,49363,2094],{"class":167},[74,49365,130],{"class":106},[74,49367,49368,49370,49372,49374,49376,49378,49380,49382,49384,49386,49388,49390],{"class":76,"line":11252},[74,49369,103],{"class":102},[74,49371,107],{"class":106},[74,49373,49350],{"class":110},[74,49375,107],{"class":106},[74,49377,122],{"class":88},[74,49379,49357],{"class":92},[74,49381,122],{"class":88},[74,49383,249],{"class":106},[74,49385,89],{"class":88},[74,49387,321],{"class":92},[74,49389,122],{"class":88},[74,49391,130],{"class":106},[20,49393,157],{},[65,49395,49397],{"className":67,"code":49396,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"Hi Hi Hi \ncount must be an integer\n",[15,49398,49399,49404],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,49400,49401],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,49402,49403],{"class":80},"Hi Hi Hi \n",[74,49405,49406],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,49407,49408],{"class":80},"count must be an integer\n",[20,49410,49411],{},"This can help prevent errors such as unsupported operand type errors.",[262,49413,49415],{"id":49414},"handle-strings-and-lists-differently","Handle strings and lists differently",[65,49417,49419],{"className":67,"code":49418,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"value = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    print(\"This is text\")\nelif isinstance(value, list):\n    print(\"This is a list\")\n",[15,49420,49421,49453,49457,49473,49488,49505],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,49422,49423,49425,49427,49429,49431,49433,49435,49437,49439,49441,49443,49445,49447,49449,49451],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,49424,2089],{"class":80},[74,49426,85],{"class":84},[74,49428,3271],{"class":106},[74,49430,122],{"class":88},[74,49432,125],{"class":92},[74,49434,122],{"class":88},[74,49436,249],{"class":106},[74,49438,89],{"class":88},[74,49440,4412],{"class":92},[74,49442,122],{"class":88},[74,49444,249],{"class":106},[74,49446,89],{"class":88},[74,49448,9396],{"class":92},[74,49450,122],{"class":88},[74,49452,3284],{"class":106},[74,49454,49455],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,49456,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,49458,49459,49461,49463,49465,49467,49469,49471],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,49460,6651],{"class":3529},[74,49462,49265],{"class":102},[74,49464,107],{"class":106},[74,49466,246],{"class":110},[74,49468,249],{"class":106},[74,49470,48556],{"class":1345},[74,49472,8000],{"class":106},[74,49474,49475,49477,49479,49481,49484,49486],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,49476,7726],{"class":102},[74,49478,107],{"class":106},[74,49480,122],{"class":88},[74,49482,49483],{"class":92},"This is text",[74,49485,122],{"class":88},[74,49487,260],{"class":106},[74,49489,49490,49493,49495,49497,49499,49501,49503],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,49491,49492],{"class":3529},"elif",[74,49494,49265],{"class":102},[74,49496,107],{"class":106},[74,49498,246],{"class":110},[74,49500,249],{"class":106},[74,49502,22216],{"class":1345},[74,49504,8000],{"class":106},[74,49506,49507,49509,49511,49513,49516,49518],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,49508,7726],{"class":102},[74,49510,107],{"class":106},[74,49512,122],{"class":88},[74,49514,49515],{"class":92},"This is a list",[74,49517,122],{"class":88},[74,49519,260],{"class":106},[20,49521,157],{},[65,49523,49525],{"className":67,"code":49524,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"This is a list\n",[15,49526,49527],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,49528,49529,49532,49534,49536],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,49530,49531],{"class":80},"This ",[74,49533,11852],{"class":84},[74,49535,44199],{"class":80},[74,49537,49538],{"class":1345},"list\n",[262,49540,49542],{"id":49541},"check-data-before-converting","Check data before converting",[65,49544,49546],{"className":67,"code":49545,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"value = \"42\"\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    number = int(value)\n    print(number)\n",[15,49547,49548,49560,49564,49580,49594],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,49549,49550,49552,49554,49556,49558],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,49551,2089],{"class":80},[74,49553,85],{"class":84},[74,49555,89],{"class":88},[74,49557,46180],{"class":92},[74,49559,96],{"class":88},[74,49561,49562],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,49563,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,49565,49566,49568,49570,49572,49574,49576,49578],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,49567,6651],{"class":3529},[74,49569,49265],{"class":102},[74,49571,107],{"class":106},[74,49573,246],{"class":110},[74,49575,249],{"class":106},[74,49577,48556],{"class":1345},[74,49579,8000],{"class":106},[74,49581,49582,49584,49586,49588,49590,49592],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,49583,41545],{"class":80},[74,49585,85],{"class":84},[74,49587,44930],{"class":1345},[74,49589,107],{"class":106},[74,49591,246],{"class":110},[74,49593,260],{"class":106},[74,49595,49596,49598,49600,49602],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,49597,7726],{"class":102},[74,49599,107],{"class":106},[74,49601,1881],{"class":110},[74,49603,260],{"class":106},[20,49605,157],{},[65,49607,49608],{"className":67,"code":46266,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,49609,49610],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,49611,49612],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,49613,46266],{"class":167},[20,49615,49616],{},"This is useful when working with user input, since input often starts as text.",[262,49618,49620],{"id":49619},"prevent-errors-before-using-methods-or-loops","Prevent errors before using methods or loops",[65,49622,49624],{"className":67,"code":49623,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"value = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nif isinstance(value, dict):\n    print(value[\"name\"])\n",[15,49625,49626,49650,49654,49670],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,49627,49628,49630,49632,49634,49636,49638,49640,49642,49644,49646,49648],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,49629,2089],{"class":80},[74,49631,85],{"class":84},[74,49633,10148],{"class":106},[74,49635,122],{"class":88},[74,49637,7323],{"class":92},[74,49639,122],{"class":88},[74,49641,679],{"class":106},[74,49643,89],{"class":88},[74,49645,12539],{"class":92},[74,49647,122],{"class":88},[74,49649,8965],{"class":106},[74,49651,49652],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,49653,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,49655,49656,49658,49660,49662,49664,49666,49668],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,49657,6651],{"class":3529},[74,49659,49265],{"class":102},[74,49661,107],{"class":106},[74,49663,246],{"class":110},[74,49665,249],{"class":106},[74,49667,8826],{"class":1345},[74,49669,8000],{"class":106},[74,49671,49672,49674,49676,49678,49680,49682,49684,49686],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,49673,7726],{"class":102},[74,49675,107],{"class":106},[74,49677,246],{"class":110},[74,49679,742],{"class":106},[74,49681,122],{"class":88},[74,49683,7323],{"class":92},[74,49685,122],{"class":88},[74,49687,751],{"class":106},[20,49689,157],{},[65,49691,49693],{"className":67,"code":49692,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"Ana\n",[15,49694,49695],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,49696,49697],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,49698,49692],{"class":80},[20,49700,49701,49702,49704],{},"Checking first can help you avoid confusing ",[15,49703,2649],{}," messages later.",[60,49706,4170],{"id":4169},[262,49708,49710,49711,10750,49714],{"id":49709},"passing-int-instead-of-int","Passing ",[15,49712,49713],{},"\"int\"",[15,49715,1831],{},[20,49717,16302],{},[65,49719,49721],{"className":67,"code":49720,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, \"int\"))\n",[15,49722,49723,49731],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,49724,49725,49727,49729],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,49726,2089],{"class":80},[74,49728,85],{"class":84},[74,49730,2231],{"class":167},[74,49732,49733,49735,49737,49739,49741,49743,49745,49747,49749,49751],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,49734,103],{"class":102},[74,49736,107],{"class":106},[74,49738,48527],{"class":102},[74,49740,107],{"class":106},[74,49742,246],{"class":110},[74,49744,249],{"class":106},[74,49746,89],{"class":88},[74,49748,1831],{"class":92},[74,49750,122],{"class":88},[74,49752,130],{"class":106},[20,49754,49755,49757],{},[15,49756,49713],{}," is a string, not a type.",[20,49759,16314],{},[65,49761,49762],{"className":67,"code":49171,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,49763,49764,49772],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,49765,49766,49768,49770],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,49767,2089],{"class":80},[74,49769,85],{"class":84},[74,49771,2231],{"class":167},[74,49773,49774,49776,49778,49780,49782,49784,49786,49788],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,49775,103],{"class":102},[74,49777,107],{"class":106},[74,49779,48527],{"class":102},[74,49781,107],{"class":106},[74,49783,246],{"class":110},[74,49785,249],{"class":106},[74,49787,44930],{"class":1345},[74,49789,130],{"class":106},[262,49791,49793],{"id":49792},"using-square-brackets-for-multiple-types","Using square brackets for multiple types",[20,49795,16302],{},[65,49797,49799],{"className":67,"code":49798,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, [int, float]))\n",[15,49800,49801,49809],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,49802,49803,49805,49807],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,49804,2089],{"class":80},[74,49806,85],{"class":84},[74,49808,34499],{"class":167},[74,49810,49811,49813,49815,49817,49819,49821,49823,49825,49827,49829,49831],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,49812,103],{"class":102},[74,49814,107],{"class":106},[74,49816,48527],{"class":102},[74,49818,107],{"class":106},[74,49820,246],{"class":110},[74,49822,249],{"class":106},[74,49824,3271],{"class":106},[74,49826,1831],{"class":1345},[74,49828,249],{"class":106},[74,49830,39912],{"class":1345},[74,49832,2643],{"class":106},[20,49834,49835],{},"The second argument should be a type or a tuple of types.",[20,49837,16314],{},[65,49839,49841],{"className":67,"code":49840,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,49842,49843,49851],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,49844,49845,49847,49849],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,49846,2089],{"class":80},[74,49848,85],{"class":84},[74,49850,34499],{"class":167},[74,49852,49853,49855,49857,49859,49861,49863,49865,49867,49869,49871,49873],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,49854,103],{"class":102},[74,49856,107],{"class":106},[74,49858,48527],{"class":102},[74,49860,107],{"class":106},[74,49862,246],{"class":110},[74,49864,249],{"class":106},[74,49866,8892],{"class":106},[74,49868,1831],{"class":1345},[74,49870,249],{"class":106},[74,49872,39912],{"class":1345},[74,49874,2555],{"class":106},[262,49876,25431,49878,49880],{"id":49877},"thinking-isinstance-converts-a-value",[15,49879,44459],{}," converts a value",[20,49882,18568],{},[65,49884,49886],{"className":67,"code":49885,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"value = \"123\"\nresult = isinstance(value, int)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,49887,49888,49901,49919,49923],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,49889,49890,49892,49894,49896,49899],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,49891,2089],{"class":80},[74,49893,85],{"class":84},[74,49895,89],{"class":88},[74,49897,49898],{"class":92},"123",[74,49900,96],{"class":88},[74,49902,49903,49905,49907,49909,49911,49913,49915,49917],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,49904,383],{"class":80},[74,49906,85],{"class":84},[74,49908,49265],{"class":102},[74,49910,107],{"class":106},[74,49912,246],{"class":110},[74,49914,249],{"class":106},[74,49916,44930],{"class":1345},[74,49918,260],{"class":106},[74,49920,49921],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,49922,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,49924,49925,49927,49929,49931],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,49926,103],{"class":102},[74,49928,107],{"class":106},[74,49930,418],{"class":110},[74,49932,260],{"class":106},[20,49934,157],{},[65,49936,49937],{"className":67,"code":3692,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,49938,49939],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,49940,49941],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,49942,3692],{"class":3504},[20,49944,49945,49946,49949,49950,49952],{},"This does not convert ",[15,49947,49948],{},"\"123\""," into ",[15,49951,49898],{},". It only checks the type.",[20,49954,49955,49956,6284],{},"If your goal is conversion, use ",[15,49957,49958],{},"int(value)",[262,49960,49962],{"id":49961},"assuming-it-changes-the-value","Assuming it changes the value",[20,49964,49965,49967],{},[15,49966,44459],{}," does not modify anything.",[65,49969,49971],{"className":67,"code":49970,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"value = \"100\"\n\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(value)\n",[15,49972,49973,49985,49989,50007],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,49974,49975,49977,49979,49981,49983],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,49976,2089],{"class":80},[74,49978,85],{"class":84},[74,49980,89],{"class":88},[74,49982,13215],{"class":92},[74,49984,96],{"class":88},[74,49986,49987],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,49988,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,49990,49991,49993,49995,49997,49999,50001,50003,50005],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,49992,103],{"class":102},[74,49994,107],{"class":106},[74,49996,48527],{"class":102},[74,49998,107],{"class":106},[74,50000,246],{"class":110},[74,50002,249],{"class":106},[74,50004,48556],{"class":1345},[74,50006,130],{"class":106},[74,50008,50009,50011,50013,50015],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,50010,103],{"class":102},[74,50012,107],{"class":106},[74,50014,246],{"class":110},[74,50016,260],{"class":106},[20,50018,157],{},[65,50020,50022],{"className":67,"code":50021,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"True\n100\n",[15,50023,50024,50028],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,50025,50026],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,50027,3631],{"class":3504},[74,50029,50030],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,50031,46915],{"class":167},[20,50033,50034],{},"The value stays the same.",[60,50036,1315],{"id":1314},[20,50038,50039],{},"If you are not sure what kind of value you have, these checks are useful:",[65,50041,50043],{"className":67,"code":50042,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,50044,50045,50059,50077,50101],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,50046,50047,50049,50051,50053,50055,50057],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,50048,103],{"class":102},[74,50050,107],{"class":106},[74,50052,1346],{"class":1345},[74,50054,107],{"class":106},[74,50056,246],{"class":110},[74,50058,130],{"class":106},[74,50060,50061,50063,50065,50067,50069,50071,50073,50075],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,50062,103],{"class":102},[74,50064,107],{"class":106},[74,50066,48527],{"class":102},[74,50068,107],{"class":106},[74,50070,246],{"class":110},[74,50072,249],{"class":106},[74,50074,44930],{"class":1345},[74,50076,130],{"class":106},[74,50078,50079,50081,50083,50085,50087,50089,50091,50093,50095,50097,50099],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,50080,103],{"class":102},[74,50082,107],{"class":106},[74,50084,48527],{"class":102},[74,50086,107],{"class":106},[74,50088,246],{"class":110},[74,50090,249],{"class":106},[74,50092,8892],{"class":106},[74,50094,1831],{"class":1345},[74,50096,249],{"class":106},[74,50098,39912],{"class":1345},[74,50100,2555],{"class":106},[74,50102,50103,50105,50107,50109,50111,50113],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,50104,103],{"class":102},[74,50106,107],{"class":106},[74,50108,41434],{"class":102},[74,50110,107],{"class":106},[74,50112,246],{"class":110},[74,50114,130],{"class":106},[20,50116,50117],{},"These can help when:",[30,50119,50120,50123,50128,50131],{},[33,50121,50122],{},"a value looks like a number but is actually a string",[33,50124,50125,50126],{},"you are getting a ",[15,50127,2649],{},[33,50129,50130],{},"your condition is not behaving as expected",[33,50132,50133,50134,50136],{},"the second argument to ",[15,50135,44459],{}," is invalid",[20,50138,50139],{},"Common causes of mistakes include:",[30,50141,50142,50155,50161,50166],{},[33,50143,1459,50144,339,50147,50150,50151,339,50153],{},[15,50145,50146],{},"'int'",[15,50148,50149],{},"'str'"," as text instead of ",[15,50152,1831],{},[15,50154,3090],{},[33,50156,50157,50158,50160],{},"expecting ",[15,50159,44459],{}," to convert a value",[33,50162,1459,50163,50165],{},[15,50164,1943],{}," when inherited types should also match",[33,50167,50168],{},"passing an invalid second argument",[20,50170,50171,50172,114],{},"If you get an error because Python expected a number but found text, see ",[125,50173,50175,50176],{"href":50174},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-str-object-cannot-be-interpreted-as-an-integer-fix\u002F","TypeError: ",[15,50177,50178],{},"'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer",[60,50180,1471],{"id":1470},[262,50182,1495,50184,4796],{"id":50183},"what-does-isinstance-return-in-python",[15,50185,44459],{},[20,50187,1501,50188,50190,50191,114],{},[15,50189,338],{}," if the value matches the given type, otherwise ",[15,50192,342],{},[262,50194,1507,50196,50198],{"id":50195},"can-isinstance-check-more-than-one-type",[15,50197,44459],{}," check more than one type?",[20,50200,50201,50202,114],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of types, such as ",[15,50203,50204],{},"isinstance(x, (int, float))",[262,50206,4828,50208,51,50210,2135],{"id":50207},"what-is-the-difference-between-isinstance-and-type",[15,50209,44459],{},[15,50211,1943],{},[20,50213,50214,50216,50217,50219],{},[15,50215,1943],{}," gives the exact type. ",[15,50218,44459],{}," checks whether a value matches a type and also supports inheritance.",[262,50221,1517,50223,50225],{"id":50222},"does-isinstance-convert-a-value",[15,50224,44459],{}," convert a value?",[20,50227,50228],{},"No. It only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[60,50230,1527],{"id":1526},[30,50232,50233,50239,50243,50248,50253],{},[33,50234,50235],{},[125,50236,3223,50237,3156],{"href":1940},[15,50238,1943],{},[33,50240,50241],{},[125,50242,44451],{"href":48630},[33,50244,50245],{},[125,50246,50247],{"href":2605},"How to convert a string to an integer in Python",[33,50249,50250],{},[125,50251,50252],{"href":48633},"What is a data type in Python?",[33,50254,50255],{},[125,50256,50175,50257],{"href":50174},[15,50258,50178],{},[1566,50260,50261],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki 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.sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":70,"searchDepth":99,"depth":99,"links":50263},[50264,50265,50267,50270,50274,50275,50280,50286,50294,50295,50305],{"id":3255,"depth":99,"text":3256},{"id":48569,"depth":99,"text":50266},"What isinstance() does",{"id":226,"depth":99,"text":227,"children":50268},[50269],{"id":48661,"depth":133,"text":48662},{"id":356,"depth":99,"text":357,"children":50271},[50272,50273],{"id":48749,"depth":133,"text":48750},{"id":48820,"depth":133,"text":48821},{"id":48907,"depth":99,"text":48908},{"id":49104,"depth":99,"text":50276,"children":50277},"isinstance() vs type()",[50278,50279],{"id":49120,"depth":133,"text":49123},{"id":49162,"depth":133,"text":49165},{"id":49223,"depth":99,"text":49224,"children":50281},[50282,50283,50284,50285],{"id":49232,"depth":133,"text":49233},{"id":49414,"depth":133,"text":49415},{"id":49541,"depth":133,"text":49542},{"id":49619,"depth":133,"text":49620},{"id":4169,"depth":99,"text":4170,"children":50287},[50288,50290,50291,50293],{"id":49709,"depth":133,"text":50289},"Passing \"int\" instead of int",{"id":49792,"depth":133,"text":49793},{"id":49877,"depth":133,"text":50292},"Thinking isinstance() converts a value",{"id":49961,"depth":133,"text":49962},{"id":1314,"depth":99,"text":1315},{"id":1470,"depth":99,"text":1471,"children":50296},[50297,50299,50301,50303],{"id":50183,"depth":133,"text":50298},"What does isinstance() return in Python?",{"id":50195,"depth":133,"text":50300},"Can isinstance() check more than one type?",{"id":50207,"depth":133,"text":50302},"What is the difference between isinstance() and type()?",{"id":50222,"depth":133,"text":50304},"Does isinstance() convert a value?",{"id":1526,"depth":99,"text":1527},"Master python isinstance function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":48470,"description":50306},"reference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained","iF3_lagEov6vfWHAzwGq_MdJMAghMPTpi88oMC-pOfw",{"id":50312,"title":50313,"body":50314,"description":52287,"extension":1610,"meta":52288,"navigation":407,"path":52289,"seo":52290,"stem":52291,"__hash__":52292},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained.md","Python len() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":50315,"toc":52262},[50316,50319,50324,50329,50343,50346,50348,50423,50428,50432,50437,50440,50454,50456,50622,50635,50637,50639,50654,50657,50660,50673,50675,50773,50777,50783,50786,50795,50797,50832,50837,50858,50863,50868,50900,50903,50960,50964,50970,50973,51026,51028,51068,51071,51139,51142,51193,51200,51204,51210,51295,51301,51307,51356,51359,51362,51412,51414,51419,51423,51473,51477,51524,51528,51605,51609,51674,51677,51681,51686,51691,51703,51705,51724,51730,51733,51752,51757,51784,51791,51795,51801,51804,51899,51902,51905,51954,51959,51961,51965,52000,52003,52060,52070,52073,52107,52110,52112,52116,52119,52123,52126,52130,52133,52137,52150,52154,52159,52161,52211,52223,52225,52259],[10,50317,50313],{"id":50318},"python-len-function-explained",[20,50320,8778,50321,50323],{},[15,50322,42016],{}," function returns the size of an object.",[20,50325,35062,50326,50328],{},[15,50327,42016],{}," to count:",[30,50330,50331,50334,50337,50340],{},[33,50332,50333],{},"characters in a string",[33,50335,50336],{},"items in a list or tuple",[33,50338,50339],{},"keys in a dictionary",[33,50341,50342],{},"unique items in a set",[20,50344,50345],{},"It is a simple but very useful function. You will use it often when checking if something is empty, validating input, or counting stored values safely.",[60,50347,63],{"id":62},[65,50349,50351],{"className":67,"code":50350,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"hello\"\nitems = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(len(text))   # 5\nprint(len(items))  # 3\n",[15,50352,50353,50365,50385,50389,50406],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,50354,50355,50357,50359,50361,50363],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,50356,81],{"class":80},[74,50358,85],{"class":84},[74,50360,89],{"class":88},[74,50362,3497],{"class":92},[74,50364,96],{"class":88},[74,50366,50367,50369,50371,50373,50375,50377,50379,50381,50383],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,50368,7435],{"class":80},[74,50370,85],{"class":84},[74,50372,3271],{"class":106},[74,50374,1972],{"class":167},[74,50376,249],{"class":106},[74,50378,7446],{"class":167},[74,50380,249],{"class":106},[74,50382,7451],{"class":167},[74,50384,3284],{"class":106},[74,50386,50387],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,50388,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,50390,50391,50393,50395,50397,50399,50401,50403],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,50392,103],{"class":102},[74,50394,107],{"class":106},[74,50396,10820],{"class":102},[74,50398,107],{"class":106},[74,50400,111],{"class":110},[74,50402,5011],{"class":106},[74,50404,50405],{"class":3314},"   # 5\n",[74,50407,50408,50410,50412,50414,50416,50418,50420],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,50409,103],{"class":102},[74,50411,107],{"class":106},[74,50413,10820],{"class":102},[74,50415,107],{"class":106},[74,50417,7466],{"class":110},[74,50419,5011],{"class":106},[74,50421,50422],{"class":3314},"  # 3\n",[20,50424,176,50425,50427],{},[15,50426,42016],{}," to get the number of characters in a string or the number of items in a container like a list, tuple, set, or dictionary.",[60,50429,50431],{"id":50430},"what-len-does","What len() does",[20,50433,50434,50436],{},[15,50435,42016],{}," returns the size of an object.",[20,50438,50439],{},"Here is what that means for common Python types:",[30,50441,50442,50445,50448,50451],{},[33,50443,50444],{},"For strings, it counts characters",[33,50446,50447],{},"For lists, tuples, and sets, it counts items",[33,50449,50450],{},"For dictionaries, it counts keys",[33,50452,50453],{},"It always returns an integer",[20,50455,506],{},[65,50457,50459],{"className":67,"code":50458,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"name = \"Sam\"\nnumbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\ndata = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nvalues = {5, 6, 7}\n\nprint(len(name))     # 3\nprint(len(numbers))  # 4\nprint(len(data))     # 2\nprint(len(values))   # 3\n",[15,50460,50461,50473,50498,50530,50550,50554,50571,50588,50605],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,50462,50463,50465,50467,50469,50471],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,50464,7533],{"class":80},[74,50466,85],{"class":84},[74,50468,89],{"class":88},[74,50470,7332],{"class":92},[74,50472,96],{"class":88},[74,50474,50475,50477,50479,50481,50483,50485,50487,50489,50491,50493,50496],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,50476,3266],{"class":80},[74,50478,85],{"class":84},[74,50480,3271],{"class":106},[74,50482,1972],{"class":167},[74,50484,249],{"class":106},[74,50486,7446],{"class":167},[74,50488,249],{"class":106},[74,50490,7451],{"class":167},[74,50492,249],{"class":106},[74,50494,50495],{"class":167}," 40",[74,50497,3284],{"class":106},[74,50499,50500,50502,50504,50506,50508,50510,50512,50514,50516,50518,50520,50522,50524,50526,50528],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,50501,8821],{"class":80},[74,50503,85],{"class":84},[74,50505,10148],{"class":106},[74,50507,122],{"class":88},[74,50509,125],{"class":92},[74,50511,122],{"class":88},[74,50513,679],{"class":106},[74,50515,5148],{"class":167},[74,50517,249],{"class":106},[74,50519,89],{"class":88},[74,50521,4412],{"class":92},[74,50523,122],{"class":88},[74,50525,679],{"class":106},[74,50527,620],{"class":167},[74,50529,8965],{"class":106},[74,50531,50532,50534,50536,50538,50540,50542,50544,50546,50548],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,50533,3474],{"class":80},[74,50535,85],{"class":84},[74,50537,10148],{"class":106},[74,50539,711],{"class":167},[74,50541,249],{"class":106},[74,50543,37299],{"class":167},[74,50545,249],{"class":106},[74,50547,5645],{"class":167},[74,50549,8965],{"class":106},[74,50551,50552],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,50553,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,50555,50556,50558,50560,50562,50564,50566,50568],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,50557,103],{"class":102},[74,50559,107],{"class":106},[74,50561,10820],{"class":102},[74,50563,107],{"class":106},[74,50565,7323],{"class":110},[74,50567,5011],{"class":106},[74,50569,50570],{"class":3314},"     # 3\n",[74,50572,50573,50575,50577,50579,50581,50583,50585],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,50574,103],{"class":102},[74,50576,107],{"class":106},[74,50578,10820],{"class":102},[74,50580,107],{"class":106},[74,50582,3298],{"class":110},[74,50584,5011],{"class":106},[74,50586,50587],{"class":3314},"  # 4\n",[74,50589,50590,50592,50594,50596,50598,50600,50602],{"class":76,"line":6079},[74,50591,103],{"class":102},[74,50593,107],{"class":106},[74,50595,10820],{"class":102},[74,50597,107],{"class":106},[74,50599,8860],{"class":110},[74,50601,5011],{"class":106},[74,50603,50604],{"class":3314},"     # 2\n",[74,50606,50607,50609,50611,50613,50615,50617,50619],{"class":76,"line":6085},[74,50608,103],{"class":102},[74,50610,107],{"class":106},[74,50612,10820],{"class":102},[74,50614,107],{"class":106},[74,50616,5008],{"class":110},[74,50618,5011],{"class":106},[74,50620,50621],{"class":3314},"   # 3\n",[20,50623,50624,50625,220,50629,16730,50633,114],{},"If you are still learning these data types, see ",[125,50626,50628],{"href":50627},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-strings-explained-basics-and-examples\u002F","Python strings explained",[125,50630,50632],{"href":50631},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide\u002F","Python lists explained",[125,50634,8811],{"href":8810},[60,50636,227],{"id":226},[20,50638,1802],{},[65,50640,50642],{"className":67,"code":50641,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"len(object)\n",[15,50643,50644],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,50645,50646,50648,50650,50652],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,50647,10820],{"class":102},[74,50649,107],{"class":106},[74,50651,42054],{"class":1345},[74,50653,260],{"class":106},[20,50655,50656],{},"You pass one object inside the parentheses.",[20,50658,50659],{},"That object must be something that has a length, such as:",[30,50661,50662,50664,50666,50668,50670],{},[33,50663,37563],{},[33,50665,37557],{},[33,50667,37560],{},[33,50669,37566],{},[33,50671,50672],{},"a dictionary",[20,50674,506],{},[65,50676,50678],{"className":67,"code":50677,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(len(\"python\"))      # 6\nprint(len([1, 2, 3]))     # 3\nprint(len((10, 20)))      # 2\nprint(len({\"x\": 1}))      # 1\n",[15,50679,50680,50701,50725,50747],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,50681,50682,50684,50686,50688,50690,50692,50694,50696,50698],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,50683,103],{"class":102},[74,50685,107],{"class":106},[74,50687,10820],{"class":102},[74,50689,107],{"class":106},[74,50691,122],{"class":88},[74,50693,69],{"class":92},[74,50695,122],{"class":88},[74,50697,5011],{"class":106},[74,50699,50700],{"class":3314},"      # 6\n",[74,50702,50703,50705,50707,50709,50711,50713,50715,50717,50719,50721,50723],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,50704,103],{"class":102},[74,50706,107],{"class":106},[74,50708,10820],{"class":102},[74,50710,2629],{"class":106},[74,50712,2632],{"class":167},[74,50714,249],{"class":106},[74,50716,620],{"class":167},[74,50718,249],{"class":106},[74,50720,2094],{"class":167},[74,50722,4386],{"class":106},[74,50724,50570],{"class":3314},[74,50726,50727,50729,50731,50733,50735,50737,50739,50741,50744],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,50728,103],{"class":102},[74,50730,107],{"class":106},[74,50732,10820],{"class":102},[74,50734,5161],{"class":106},[74,50736,1972],{"class":167},[74,50738,249],{"class":106},[74,50740,7446],{"class":167},[74,50742,50743],{"class":106},")))",[74,50745,50746],{"class":3314},"      # 2\n",[74,50748,50749,50751,50753,50755,50757,50759,50761,50763,50765,50767,50770],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,50750,103],{"class":102},[74,50752,107],{"class":106},[74,50754,10820],{"class":102},[74,50756,5180],{"class":106},[74,50758,122],{"class":88},[74,50760,1816],{"class":92},[74,50762,122],{"class":88},[74,50764,679],{"class":106},[74,50766,5148],{"class":167},[74,50768,50769],{"class":106},"}))",[74,50771,50772],{"class":3314},"      # 1\n",[60,50774,50776],{"id":50775},"using-len-with-strings","Using len() with strings",[20,50778,50779,50780,50782],{},"When you use ",[15,50781,42016],{}," on a string, Python counts every character.",[20,50784,50785],{},"That includes:",[30,50787,50788,50790,50792],{},[33,50789,35799],{},[33,50791,10109],{},[33,50793,50794],{},"punctuation",[20,50796,506],{},[65,50798,50800],{"className":67,"code":50799,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"Hi there!\"\nprint(len(text))  # 9\n",[15,50801,50802,50815],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,50803,50804,50806,50808,50810,50813],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,50805,81],{"class":80},[74,50807,85],{"class":84},[74,50809,89],{"class":88},[74,50811,50812],{"class":92},"Hi there!",[74,50814,96],{"class":88},[74,50816,50817,50819,50821,50823,50825,50827,50829],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,50818,103],{"class":102},[74,50820,107],{"class":106},[74,50822,10820],{"class":102},[74,50824,107],{"class":106},[74,50826,111],{"class":110},[74,50828,5011],{"class":106},[74,50830,50831],{"class":3314},"  # 9\n",[20,50833,50834,50835,2135],{},"Why is the result ",[15,50836,1787],{},[30,50838,50839,50845,50849,50852],{},[33,50840,50841,50844],{},[15,50842,50843],{},"H"," = 1",[33,50846,50847,50844],{},[15,50848,35810],{},[33,50850,50851],{},"space = 1",[33,50853,50854,50857],{},[15,50855,50856],{},"t h e r e !"," = 6",[20,50859,50860,50861],{},"Total: ",[15,50862,1787],{},[20,50864,50865,50866,679],{},"An empty string has length ",[15,50867,327],{},[65,50869,50871],{"className":67,"code":50870,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"empty_text = \"\"\nprint(len(empty_text))  # 0\n",[15,50872,50873,50882],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,50874,50875,50878,50880],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,50876,50877],{"class":80},"empty_text ",[74,50879,85],{"class":84},[74,50881,7538],{"class":88},[74,50883,50884,50886,50888,50890,50892,50895,50897],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,50885,103],{"class":102},[74,50887,107],{"class":106},[74,50889,10820],{"class":102},[74,50891,107],{"class":106},[74,50893,50894],{"class":110},"empty_text",[74,50896,5011],{"class":106},[74,50898,50899],{"class":3314},"  # 0\n",[20,50901,50902],{},"This matters when checking user input:",[65,50904,50906],{"className":67,"code":50905,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"user_name = \"Alice\"\n\nif len(user_name) >= 3:\n    print(\"Name is long enough\")\n",[15,50907,50908,50921,50925,50945],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,50909,50910,50913,50915,50917,50919],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,50911,50912],{"class":80},"user_name ",[74,50914,85],{"class":84},[74,50916,89],{"class":88},[74,50918,4655],{"class":92},[74,50920,96],{"class":88},[74,50922,50923],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,50924,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,50926,50927,50929,50931,50933,50936,50938,50941,50943],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,50928,6651],{"class":3529},[74,50930,38042],{"class":102},[74,50932,107],{"class":106},[74,50934,50935],{"class":110},"user_name",[74,50937,3311],{"class":106},[74,50939,50940],{"class":84}," >=",[74,50942,2094],{"class":167},[74,50944,6046],{"class":106},[74,50946,50947,50949,50951,50953,50956,50958],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,50948,7726],{"class":102},[74,50950,107],{"class":106},[74,50952,122],{"class":88},[74,50954,50955],{"class":92},"Name is long enough",[74,50957,122],{"class":88},[74,50959,260],{"class":106},[60,50961,50963],{"id":50962},"using-len-with-lists-and-tuples","Using len() with lists and tuples",[20,50965,50966,50967,50969],{},"For lists and tuples, ",[15,50968,42016],{}," counts how many elements are stored.",[20,50971,50972],{},"Example with a list:",[65,50974,50976],{"className":67,"code":50975,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))  # 3\n",[15,50977,50978,51010],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,50979,50980,50982,50984,50986,50988,50990,50992,50994,50996,50998,51000,51002,51004,51006,51008],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,50981,12732],{"class":80},[74,50983,85],{"class":84},[74,50985,3271],{"class":106},[74,50987,122],{"class":88},[74,50989,12749],{"class":92},[74,50991,122],{"class":88},[74,50993,249],{"class":106},[74,50995,89],{"class":88},[74,50997,17110],{"class":92},[74,50999,122],{"class":88},[74,51001,249],{"class":106},[74,51003,89],{"class":88},[74,51005,12766],{"class":92},[74,51007,122],{"class":88},[74,51009,3284],{"class":106},[74,51011,51012,51014,51016,51018,51020,51022,51024],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,51013,103],{"class":102},[74,51015,107],{"class":106},[74,51017,10820],{"class":102},[74,51019,107],{"class":106},[74,51021,17157],{"class":110},[74,51023,5011],{"class":106},[74,51025,50422],{"class":3314},[20,51027,37572],{},[65,51029,51031],{"className":67,"code":51030,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"point = (10, 20)\nprint(len(point))  # 2\n",[15,51032,51033,51050],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,51034,51035,51038,51040,51042,51044,51046,51048],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,51036,51037],{"class":80},"point ",[74,51039,85],{"class":84},[74,51041,8892],{"class":106},[74,51043,1972],{"class":167},[74,51045,249],{"class":106},[74,51047,7446],{"class":167},[74,51049,260],{"class":106},[74,51051,51052,51054,51056,51058,51060,51063,51065],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,51053,103],{"class":102},[74,51055,107],{"class":106},[74,51057,10820],{"class":102},[74,51059,107],{"class":106},[74,51061,51062],{"class":110},"point",[74,51064,5011],{"class":106},[74,51066,51067],{"class":3314},"  # 2\n",[20,51069,51070],{},"This is useful before indexing so you do not try to access an item that is not there:",[65,51072,51074],{"className":67,"code":51073,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\n\nif len(items) > 1:\n    print(items[1])  # banana\n",[15,51075,51076,51100,51104,51122],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,51077,51078,51080,51082,51084,51086,51088,51090,51092,51094,51096,51098],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,51079,7435],{"class":80},[74,51081,85],{"class":84},[74,51083,3271],{"class":106},[74,51085,122],{"class":88},[74,51087,376],{"class":92},[74,51089,122],{"class":88},[74,51091,249],{"class":106},[74,51093,89],{"class":88},[74,51095,93],{"class":92},[74,51097,122],{"class":88},[74,51099,3284],{"class":106},[74,51101,51102],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,51103,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,51105,51106,51108,51110,51112,51114,51116,51118,51120],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,51107,6651],{"class":3529},[74,51109,38042],{"class":102},[74,51111,107],{"class":106},[74,51113,7466],{"class":110},[74,51115,3311],{"class":106},[74,51117,38052],{"class":84},[74,51119,5148],{"class":167},[74,51121,6046],{"class":106},[74,51123,51124,51126,51128,51130,51132,51134,51136],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,51125,7726],{"class":102},[74,51127,107],{"class":106},[74,51129,7466],{"class":110},[74,51131,742],{"class":106},[74,51133,2632],{"class":167},[74,51135,20101],{"class":106},[74,51137,51138],{"class":3314},"  # banana\n",[20,51140,51141],{},"It is also common in loops and checks:",[65,51143,51145],{"className":67,"code":51144,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"scores = [88, 91, 75]\nprint(\"Number of scores:\", len(scores))\n",[15,51146,51147,51170],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,51148,51149,51151,51153,51155,51158,51160,51163,51165,51168],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,51150,4715],{"class":80},[74,51152,85],{"class":84},[74,51154,3271],{"class":106},[74,51156,51157],{"class":167},"88",[74,51159,249],{"class":106},[74,51161,51162],{"class":167}," 91",[74,51164,249],{"class":106},[74,51166,51167],{"class":167}," 75",[74,51169,3284],{"class":106},[74,51171,51172,51174,51176,51178,51181,51183,51185,51187,51189,51191],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,51173,103],{"class":102},[74,51175,107],{"class":106},[74,51177,122],{"class":88},[74,51179,51180],{"class":92},"Number of scores:",[74,51182,122],{"class":88},[74,51184,249],{"class":106},[74,51186,38042],{"class":102},[74,51188,107],{"class":106},[74,51190,16047],{"class":110},[74,51192,130],{"class":106},[20,51194,51195,51196,114],{},"If you want a task-focused example, see ",[125,51197,51199],{"href":51198},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to get the length of a list in Python",[60,51201,51203],{"id":51202},"using-len-with-dictionaries-and-sets","Using len() with dictionaries and sets",[20,51205,51206,51207,51209],{},"For dictionaries, ",[15,51208,42016],{}," counts keys.",[65,51211,51213],{"className":67,"code":51212,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Mia\",\n    \"age\": 12,\n    \"grade\": \"A\"\n}\n\nprint(len(student))  # 3\n",[15,51214,51215,51223,51241,51255,51271,51275,51279],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,51216,51217,51219,51221],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,51218,12522],{"class":80},[74,51220,85],{"class":84},[74,51222,11150],{"class":106},[74,51224,51225,51227,51229,51231,51233,51235,51237,51239],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,51226,11155],{"class":88},[74,51228,7323],{"class":92},[74,51230,122],{"class":88},[74,51232,679],{"class":106},[74,51234,89],{"class":88},[74,51236,7578],{"class":92},[74,51238,122],{"class":88},[74,51240,11171],{"class":106},[74,51242,51243,51245,51247,51249,51251,51253],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,51244,11155],{"class":88},[74,51246,8955],{"class":92},[74,51248,122],{"class":88},[74,51250,679],{"class":106},[74,51252,30599],{"class":167},[74,51254,11171],{"class":106},[74,51256,51257,51259,51261,51263,51265,51267,51269],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,51258,11155],{"class":88},[74,51260,19546],{"class":92},[74,51262,122],{"class":88},[74,51264,679],{"class":106},[74,51266,89],{"class":88},[74,51268,21901],{"class":92},[74,51270,96],{"class":88},[74,51272,51273],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,51274,8965],{"class":106},[74,51276,51277],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,51278,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,51280,51281,51283,51285,51287,51289,51291,51293],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,51282,103],{"class":102},[74,51284,107],{"class":106},[74,51286,10820],{"class":102},[74,51288,107],{"class":106},[74,51290,13283],{"class":110},[74,51292,5011],{"class":106},[74,51294,50422],{"class":3314},[20,51296,51297,51298,51300],{},"Even though the dictionary has keys and values, ",[15,51299,42016],{}," returns the number of keys.",[20,51302,51303,51304,51306],{},"For sets, ",[15,51305,42016],{}," counts unique items:",[65,51308,51310],{"className":67,"code":51309,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 3, 2}\nprint(len(numbers))  # 3\n",[15,51311,51312,51340],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,51313,51314,51316,51318,51320,51322,51324,51326,51328,51330,51332,51334,51336,51338],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,51315,3266],{"class":80},[74,51317,85],{"class":84},[74,51319,10148],{"class":106},[74,51321,2632],{"class":167},[74,51323,249],{"class":106},[74,51325,620],{"class":167},[74,51327,249],{"class":106},[74,51329,2094],{"class":167},[74,51331,249],{"class":106},[74,51333,2094],{"class":167},[74,51335,249],{"class":106},[74,51337,620],{"class":167},[74,51339,8965],{"class":106},[74,51341,51342,51344,51346,51348,51350,51352,51354],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,51343,103],{"class":102},[74,51345,107],{"class":106},[74,51347,10820],{"class":102},[74,51349,107],{"class":106},[74,51351,3298],{"class":110},[74,51353,5011],{"class":106},[74,51355,50422],{"class":3314},[20,51357,51358],{},"The repeated values are removed in a set, so only unique items are counted.",[20,51360,51361],{},"This is useful when checking if a collection is empty:",[65,51363,51365],{"className":67,"code":51364,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"data = {}\n\nif len(data) == 0:\n    print(\"The dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,51366,51367,51375,51379,51397],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,51368,51369,51371,51373],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,51370,8821],{"class":80},[74,51372,85],{"class":84},[74,51374,9495],{"class":106},[74,51376,51377],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,51378,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,51380,51381,51383,51385,51387,51389,51391,51393,51395],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,51382,6651],{"class":3529},[74,51384,38042],{"class":102},[74,51386,107],{"class":106},[74,51388,8860],{"class":110},[74,51390,3311],{"class":106},[74,51392,6061],{"class":84},[74,51394,3485],{"class":167},[74,51396,6046],{"class":106},[74,51398,51399,51401,51403,51405,51408,51410],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,51400,7726],{"class":102},[74,51402,107],{"class":106},[74,51404,122],{"class":88},[74,51406,51407],{"class":92},"The dictionary is empty",[74,51409,122],{"class":88},[74,51411,260],{"class":106},[60,51413,40702],{"id":40701},[20,51415,51416,51417,114],{},"Here are some practical ways beginners use ",[15,51418,42016],{},[262,51420,51422],{"id":51421},"check-if-a-list-is-empty","Check if a list is empty",[65,51424,51426],{"className":67,"code":51425,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"items = []\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,51427,51428,51436,51440,51458],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,51429,51430,51432,51434],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,51431,7435],{"class":80},[74,51433,85],{"class":84},[74,51435,7495],{"class":106},[74,51437,51438],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,51439,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,51441,51442,51444,51446,51448,51450,51452,51454,51456],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,51443,6651],{"class":3529},[74,51445,38042],{"class":102},[74,51447,107],{"class":106},[74,51449,7466],{"class":110},[74,51451,3311],{"class":106},[74,51453,6061],{"class":84},[74,51455,3485],{"class":167},[74,51457,6046],{"class":106},[74,51459,51460,51462,51464,51466,51469,51471],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,51461,7726],{"class":102},[74,51463,107],{"class":106},[74,51465,122],{"class":88},[74,51467,51468],{"class":92},"The list is empty",[74,51470,122],{"class":88},[74,51472,260],{"class":106},[262,51474,51476],{"id":51475},"count-letters-in-user-input","Count letters in user input",[65,51478,51480],{"className":67,"code":51479,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"word = input(\"Enter a word: \")\nprint(\"Number of characters:\", len(word))\n",[15,51481,51482,51501],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,51483,51484,51486,51488,51490,51492,51494,51497,51499],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,51485,5806],{"class":80},[74,51487,85],{"class":84},[74,51489,7900],{"class":102},[74,51491,107],{"class":106},[74,51493,122],{"class":88},[74,51495,51496],{"class":92},"Enter a word: ",[74,51498,122],{"class":88},[74,51500,260],{"class":106},[74,51502,51503,51505,51507,51509,51512,51514,51516,51518,51520,51522],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,51504,103],{"class":102},[74,51506,107],{"class":106},[74,51508,122],{"class":88},[74,51510,51511],{"class":92},"Number of characters:",[74,51513,122],{"class":88},[74,51515,249],{"class":106},[74,51517,38042],{"class":102},[74,51519,107],{"class":106},[74,51521,38047],{"class":110},[74,51523,130],{"class":106},[262,51525,51527],{"id":51526},"validate-minimum-password-length","Validate minimum password length",[65,51529,51531],{"className":67,"code":51530,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"password = \"secret123\"\n\nif len(password) >= 8:\n    print(\"Password length is valid\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Password is too short\")\n",[15,51532,51533,51547,51551,51569,51584,51590],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,51534,51535,51538,51540,51542,51545],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,51536,51537],{"class":80},"password ",[74,51539,85],{"class":84},[74,51541,89],{"class":88},[74,51543,51544],{"class":92},"secret123",[74,51546,96],{"class":88},[74,51548,51549],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,51550,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,51552,51553,51555,51557,51559,51561,51563,51565,51567],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,51554,6651],{"class":3529},[74,51556,38042],{"class":102},[74,51558,107],{"class":106},[74,51560,17276],{"class":110},[74,51562,3311],{"class":106},[74,51564,50940],{"class":84},[74,51566,6012],{"class":167},[74,51568,6046],{"class":106},[74,51570,51571,51573,51575,51577,51580,51582],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,51572,7726],{"class":102},[74,51574,107],{"class":106},[74,51576,122],{"class":88},[74,51578,51579],{"class":92},"Password length is valid",[74,51581,122],{"class":88},[74,51583,260],{"class":106},[74,51585,51586,51588],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,51587,27088],{"class":3529},[74,51589,6046],{"class":106},[74,51591,51592,51594,51596,51598,51601,51603],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,51593,7726],{"class":102},[74,51595,107],{"class":106},[74,51597,122],{"class":88},[74,51599,51600],{"class":92},"Password is too short",[74,51602,122],{"class":88},[74,51604,260],{"class":106},[262,51606,51608],{"id":51607},"check-how-many-items-were-read","Check how many items were read",[65,51610,51612],{"className":67,"code":51611,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"results = [\"item1\", \"item2\", \"item3\"]\nprint(\"Items found:\", len(results))\n",[15,51613,51614,51650],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,51615,51616,51619,51621,51623,51625,51628,51630,51632,51634,51637,51639,51641,51643,51646,51648],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,51617,51618],{"class":80},"results ",[74,51620,85],{"class":84},[74,51622,3271],{"class":106},[74,51624,122],{"class":88},[74,51626,51627],{"class":92},"item1",[74,51629,122],{"class":88},[74,51631,249],{"class":106},[74,51633,89],{"class":88},[74,51635,51636],{"class":92},"item2",[74,51638,122],{"class":88},[74,51640,249],{"class":106},[74,51642,89],{"class":88},[74,51644,51645],{"class":92},"item3",[74,51647,122],{"class":88},[74,51649,3284],{"class":106},[74,51651,51652,51654,51656,51658,51661,51663,51665,51667,51669,51672],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,51653,103],{"class":102},[74,51655,107],{"class":106},[74,51657,122],{"class":88},[74,51659,51660],{"class":92},"Items found:",[74,51662,122],{"class":88},[74,51664,249],{"class":106},[74,51666,38042],{"class":102},[74,51668,107],{"class":106},[74,51670,51671],{"class":110},"results",[74,51673,130],{"class":106},[20,51675,51676],{},"These are the kinds of small checks that make programs safer and easier to debug.",[60,51678,51680],{"id":51679},"objects-that-can-cause-errors","Objects that can cause errors",[20,51682,51683,51685],{},[15,51684,42016],{}," does not work on every value.",[20,51687,51688,51689,679],{},"These will raise a ",[15,51690,2649],{},[30,51692,51693,51696,51699],{},[33,51694,51695],{},"plain integers",[33,51697,51698],{},"floats",[33,51700,51701],{},[15,51702,3429],{},[20,51704,506],{},[65,51706,51708],{"className":67,"code":51707,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(len(5))\n",[15,51709,51710],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,51711,51712,51714,51716,51718,51720,51722],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,51713,103],{"class":102},[74,51715,107],{"class":106},[74,51717,10820],{"class":102},[74,51719,107],{"class":106},[74,51721,711],{"class":167},[74,51723,130],{"class":106},[20,51725,51726,51727,51729],{},"This causes an error because the integer ",[15,51728,711],{}," does not have a length.",[20,51731,51732],{},"Another example:",[65,51734,51736],{"className":67,"code":51735,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(len(3.14))\n",[15,51737,51738],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,51739,51740,51742,51744,51746,51748,51750],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,51741,103],{"class":102},[74,51743,107],{"class":106},[74,51745,10820],{"class":102},[74,51747,107],{"class":106},[74,51749,39800],{"class":167},[74,51751,130],{"class":106},[20,51753,51754,51755,679],{},"And with ",[15,51756,3429],{},[65,51758,51760],{"className":67,"code":51759,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"value = None\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,51761,51762,51770],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,51763,51764,51766,51768],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,51765,2089],{"class":80},[74,51767,85],{"class":84},[74,51769,48179],{"class":3504},[74,51771,51772,51774,51776,51778,51780,51782],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,51773,103],{"class":102},[74,51775,107],{"class":106},[74,51777,10820],{"class":102},[74,51779,107],{"class":106},[74,51781,246],{"class":110},[74,51783,130],{"class":106},[20,51785,51786,51787,114],{},"If your code fails because a value is missing, it may help to read ",[125,51788,51790],{"href":51789},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-nonetype-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable",[60,51792,51794],{"id":51793},"how-to-avoid-mistakes","How to avoid mistakes",[20,51796,51797,51798,51800],{},"Before using ",[15,51799,42016],{},", make sure the value is a string or collection.",[20,51802,51803],{},"Helpful debugging steps:",[65,51805,51807],{"className":67,"code":51806,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"value = None\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(isinstance(value, list))\nprint(isinstance(value, dict))\n",[15,51808,51809,51817,51821,51831,51845,51863,51881],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,51810,51811,51813,51815],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,51812,2089],{"class":80},[74,51814,85],{"class":84},[74,51816,48179],{"class":3504},[74,51818,51819],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,51820,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,51822,51823,51825,51827,51829],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,51824,103],{"class":102},[74,51826,107],{"class":106},[74,51828,246],{"class":110},[74,51830,260],{"class":106},[74,51832,51833,51835,51837,51839,51841,51843],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,51834,103],{"class":102},[74,51836,107],{"class":106},[74,51838,1346],{"class":1345},[74,51840,107],{"class":106},[74,51842,246],{"class":110},[74,51844,130],{"class":106},[74,51846,51847,51849,51851,51853,51855,51857,51859,51861],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,51848,103],{"class":102},[74,51850,107],{"class":106},[74,51852,48527],{"class":102},[74,51854,107],{"class":106},[74,51856,246],{"class":110},[74,51858,249],{"class":106},[74,51860,48556],{"class":1345},[74,51862,130],{"class":106},[74,51864,51865,51867,51869,51871,51873,51875,51877,51879],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,51866,103],{"class":102},[74,51868,107],{"class":106},[74,51870,48527],{"class":102},[74,51872,107],{"class":106},[74,51874,246],{"class":110},[74,51876,249],{"class":106},[74,51878,22216],{"class":1345},[74,51880,130],{"class":106},[74,51882,51883,51885,51887,51889,51891,51893,51895,51897],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,51884,103],{"class":102},[74,51886,107],{"class":106},[74,51888,48527],{"class":102},[74,51890,107],{"class":106},[74,51892,246],{"class":110},[74,51894,249],{"class":106},[74,51896,8826],{"class":1345},[74,51898,130],{"class":106},[20,51900,51901],{},"This helps you see what the variable actually contains.",[20,51903,51904],{},"You can also use a safe check:",[65,51906,51908],{"className":67,"code":51907,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"value = \"hello\"\n\nif value is not None:\n    print(len(value))\n",[15,51909,51910,51922,51926,51940],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,51911,51912,51914,51916,51918,51920],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,51913,2089],{"class":80},[74,51915,85],{"class":84},[74,51917,89],{"class":88},[74,51919,3497],{"class":92},[74,51921,96],{"class":88},[74,51923,51924],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,51925,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,51927,51928,51930,51932,51934,51936,51938],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,51929,6651],{"class":3529},[74,51931,21240],{"class":80},[74,51933,11852],{"class":84},[74,51935,7757],{"class":84},[74,51937,3505],{"class":3504},[74,51939,6046],{"class":106},[74,51941,51942,51944,51946,51948,51950,51952],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,51943,7726],{"class":102},[74,51945,107],{"class":106},[74,51947,10820],{"class":102},[74,51949,107],{"class":106},[74,51951,246],{"class":110},[74,51953,130],{"class":106},[20,51955,51956,51957,114],{},"If you are learning how to inspect values, see ",[125,51958,8100],{"href":1940},[60,51960,914],{"id":913},[20,51962,917,51963,679],{},[15,51964,42016],{},[30,51966,51967,51975,51983,51991,51997],{},[33,51968,571,51969,51971,51972],{},[15,51970,42016],{}," on an integer like ",[15,51973,51974],{},"len(5)",[33,51976,571,51977,51979,51980],{},[15,51978,42016],{}," on a float like ",[15,51981,51982],{},"len(3.14)",[33,51984,571,51985,51987,51988,51990],{},[15,51986,42016],{}," on ",[15,51989,3429],{}," after a function returns nothing",[33,51992,4231,51993,51996],{},[15,51994,51995],{},"len(dictionary)"," counts values instead of keys",[33,51998,51999],{},"Forgetting that spaces count in string length",[20,52001,52002],{},"Example of a dictionary misunderstanding:",[65,52004,52006],{"className":67,"code":52005,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(len(person))  # 2\n",[15,52007,52008,52044],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,52009,52010,52012,52014,52016,52018,52020,52022,52024,52026,52028,52030,52032,52034,52036,52038,52040,52042],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,52011,12861],{"class":80},[74,52013,85],{"class":84},[74,52015,10148],{"class":106},[74,52017,122],{"class":88},[74,52019,7323],{"class":92},[74,52021,122],{"class":88},[74,52023,679],{"class":106},[74,52025,89],{"class":88},[74,52027,12539],{"class":92},[74,52029,122],{"class":88},[74,52031,249],{"class":106},[74,52033,89],{"class":88},[74,52035,8955],{"class":92},[74,52037,122],{"class":88},[74,52039,679],{"class":106},[74,52041,7446],{"class":167},[74,52043,8965],{"class":106},[74,52045,52046,52048,52050,52052,52054,52056,52058],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,52047,103],{"class":102},[74,52049,107],{"class":106},[74,52051,10820],{"class":102},[74,52053,107],{"class":106},[74,52055,16965],{"class":110},[74,52057,5011],{"class":106},[74,52059,51067],{"class":3314},[20,52061,37250,52062,52064,52065,51,52067,114],{},[15,52063,687],{}," because there are two keys: ",[15,52066,14897],{},[15,52068,52069],{},"\"age\"",[20,52071,52072],{},"Example showing that spaces count:",[65,52074,52076],{"className":67,"code":52075,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"a b\"\nprint(len(text))  # 3\n",[15,52077,52078,52091],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,52079,52080,52082,52084,52086,52089],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,52081,81],{"class":80},[74,52083,85],{"class":84},[74,52085,89],{"class":88},[74,52087,52088],{"class":92},"a b",[74,52090,96],{"class":88},[74,52092,52093,52095,52097,52099,52101,52103,52105],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,52094,103],{"class":102},[74,52096,107],{"class":106},[74,52098,10820],{"class":102},[74,52100,107],{"class":106},[74,52102,111],{"class":110},[74,52104,5011],{"class":106},[74,52106,50422],{"class":3314},[20,52108,52109],{},"The space in the middle is counted as a character.",[60,52111,1471],{"id":1470},[262,52113,52115],{"id":52114},"what-does-len-return-in-python","What does len() return in Python?",[20,52117,52118],{},"It returns an integer that shows how many characters or items an object contains.",[262,52120,52122],{"id":52121},"does-len-count-spaces-in-a-string","Does len() count spaces in a string?",[20,52124,52125],{},"Yes. Spaces are characters, so they are included.",[262,52127,52129],{"id":52128},"what-does-len-return-for-a-dictionary","What does len() return for a dictionary?",[20,52131,52132],{},"It returns the number of keys in the dictionary.",[262,52134,52136],{"id":52135},"can-i-use-len-on-a-number","Can I use len() on a number?",[20,52138,52139,52140,52142,52143,339,52145,52147,52148,114],{},"No. Using ",[15,52141,42016],{}," on an ",[15,52144,1831],{},[15,52146,1834],{}," raises a ",[15,52149,2649],{},[262,52151,52153],{"id":52152},"how-do-i-check-if-a-list-is-empty","How do I check if a list is empty?",[20,52155,7418,52156,114],{},[15,52157,52158],{},"len(my_list) == 0",[20,52160,506],{},[65,52162,52164],{"className":67,"code":52163,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"my_list = []\n\nif len(my_list) == 0:\n    print(\"Empty list\")\n",[15,52165,52166,52174,52178,52196],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,52167,52168,52170,52172],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,52169,7966],{"class":80},[74,52171,85],{"class":84},[74,52173,7495],{"class":106},[74,52175,52176],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,52177,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,52179,52180,52182,52184,52186,52188,52190,52192,52194],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,52181,6651],{"class":3529},[74,52183,38042],{"class":102},[74,52185,107],{"class":106},[74,52187,7997],{"class":110},[74,52189,3311],{"class":106},[74,52191,6061],{"class":84},[74,52193,3485],{"class":167},[74,52195,6046],{"class":106},[74,52197,52198,52200,52202,52204,52207,52209],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,52199,7726],{"class":102},[74,52201,107],{"class":106},[74,52203,122],{"class":88},[74,52205,52206],{"class":92},"Empty list",[74,52208,122],{"class":88},[74,52210,260],{"class":106},[20,52212,52213,52214,52216,52217,52219,52220,52222],{},"You should also learn that an empty list is treated as ",[15,52215,342],{}," in an ",[15,52218,6651],{}," statement, but ",[15,52221,42016],{}," is often clearer for beginners.",[60,52224,1527],{"id":1526},[30,52226,52227,52231,52235,52239,52244,52248,52254],{},[33,52228,52229],{},[125,52230,50628],{"href":50627},[33,52232,52233],{},[125,52234,50632],{"href":50631},[33,52236,52237],{},[125,52238,8811],{"href":8810},[33,52240,52241],{},[125,52242,52243],{"href":51198},"How to get the length of a list in Python",[33,52245,52246],{},[125,52247,8100],{"href":1940},[33,52249,52250],{},[125,52251,52253],{"href":52252},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable fix",[33,52255,52256],{},[125,52257,52258],{"href":51789},"TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable fix",[1566,52260,52261],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":70,"searchDepth":99,"depth":99,"links":52263},[52264,52265,52266,52267,52268,52269,52270,52276,52277,52278,52279,52286],{"id":62,"depth":99,"text":63},{"id":50430,"depth":99,"text":50431},{"id":226,"depth":99,"text":227},{"id":50775,"depth":99,"text":50776},{"id":50962,"depth":99,"text":50963},{"id":51202,"depth":99,"text":51203},{"id":40701,"depth":99,"text":40702,"children":52271},[52272,52273,52274,52275],{"id":51421,"depth":133,"text":51422},{"id":51475,"depth":133,"text":51476},{"id":51526,"depth":133,"text":51527},{"id":51607,"depth":133,"text":51608},{"id":51679,"depth":99,"text":51680},{"id":51793,"depth":99,"text":51794},{"id":913,"depth":99,"text":914},{"id":1470,"depth":99,"text":1471,"children":52280},[52281,52282,52283,52284,52285],{"id":52114,"depth":133,"text":52115},{"id":52121,"depth":133,"text":52122},{"id":52128,"depth":133,"text":52129},{"id":52135,"depth":133,"text":52136},{"id":52152,"depth":133,"text":52153},{"id":1526,"depth":99,"text":1527},"Master python len function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained",{"title":50313,"description":52287},"reference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained","du6gacH3zkUY8V4BWqahXrJZO1Il9uelaQIY05kGhk4",{"id":52294,"title":52295,"body":52296,"description":53980,"extension":1610,"meta":53981,"navigation":407,"path":53982,"seo":53983,"stem":53984,"__hash__":53985},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method.md","Python List append() Method",{"type":7,"value":52297,"toc":53953},[52298,52301,52314,52320,52322,52376,52381,52385,52401,52404,52418,52424,52426,52429,52448,52464,52466,52542,52544,52581,52592,52594,52597,52658,52660,52693,52696,52702,52706,52709,52834,52836,52895,52903,52956,52958,52985,52991,53001,53005,53008,53013,53065,53067,53093,53099,53153,53155,53180,53183,53207,53213,53215,53219,53221,53278,53280,53288,53290,53312,53314,53367,53369,53393,53397,53399,53438,53440,53448,53454,53458,53510,53512,53538,53546,53550,53555,53564,53566,53632,53634,53666,53670,53675,53677,53691,53694,53767,53769,53795,53797,53801,53808,53812,53819,53823,53826,53828,53881,53883,53909,53913,53922,53924,53950],[10,52299,52295],{"id":52300},"python-list-append-method",[20,52302,1627,52303,52306,52307,52310,52311,52313],{},[15,52304,52305],{},"append()"," method adds ",[332,52308,52309],{},"one item"," to the ",[332,52312,54],{}," of a Python list.",[20,52315,52316,52317,52319],{},"Use it when you want to grow a list step by step. This method changes the original list directly, so it does ",[332,52318,334],{}," create a new list.",[60,52321,3256],{"id":3255},[65,52323,52325],{"className":67,"code":52324,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.append(4)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,52326,52327,52347,52361,52371],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,52328,52329,52331,52333,52335,52337,52339,52341,52343,52345],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,52330,3266],{"class":80},[74,52332,85],{"class":84},[74,52334,3271],{"class":106},[74,52336,2632],{"class":167},[74,52338,249],{"class":106},[74,52340,620],{"class":167},[74,52342,249],{"class":106},[74,52344,2094],{"class":167},[74,52346,3284],{"class":106},[74,52348,52349,52351,52353,52355,52357,52359],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,52350,3298],{"class":80},[74,52352,114],{"class":106},[74,52354,13210],{"class":110},[74,52356,107],{"class":106},[74,52358,2148],{"class":167},[74,52360,260],{"class":106},[74,52362,52363,52365,52367,52369],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,52364,103],{"class":102},[74,52366,107],{"class":106},[74,52368,3298],{"class":110},[74,52370,260],{"class":106},[74,52372,52373],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,52374,52375],{"class":3314},"# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,52377,176,52378,52380],{},[15,52379,52305],{}," to add one item to the end of a list. It changes the original list.",[60,52382,52384],{"id":52383},"what-append-does","What append() does",[30,52386,52387,52392,52395,52398],{},[33,52388,52389,52391],{},[15,52390,52305],{}," adds one item to the end of a list",[33,52393,52394],{},"It changes the existing list in place",[33,52396,52397],{},"It does not create a new list",[33,52399,52400],{},"It can add any Python object as one item",[20,52402,52403],{},"This means you can append:",[30,52405,52406,52408,52410,52412,52414,52416],{},[33,52407,3298],{},[33,52409,4958],{},[33,52411,40251],{},[33,52413,4949],{},[33,52415,6905],{},[33,52417,34320],{},[20,52419,52420,52421,114],{},"If you need a broader introduction to lists first, see ",[125,52422,52423],{"href":50631},"Python lists explained for beginners",[60,52425,5081],{"id":5080},[20,52427,52428],{},"Basic form:",[65,52430,52432],{"className":67,"code":52431,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"my_list.append(item)\n",[15,52433,52434],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,52435,52436,52438,52440,52442,52444,52446],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,52437,7997],{"class":80},[74,52439,114],{"class":106},[74,52441,13210],{"class":110},[74,52443,107],{"class":106},[74,52445,22966],{"class":110},[74,52447,260],{"class":106},[30,52449,52450,52455,52460],{},[33,52451,52452,52454],{},[15,52453,7997],{}," is the list you want to change",[33,52456,52457,52459],{},[15,52458,22966],{}," is the value or object to add",[33,52461,11569,52462],{},[15,52463,3429],{},[20,52465,506],{},[65,52467,52469],{"className":67,"code":52468,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nresult = fruits.append(\"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(result)\n",[15,52470,52471,52495,52518,52522,52532],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,52472,52473,52475,52477,52479,52481,52483,52485,52487,52489,52491,52493],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,52474,35895],{"class":80},[74,52476,85],{"class":84},[74,52478,3271],{"class":106},[74,52480,122],{"class":88},[74,52482,376],{"class":92},[74,52484,122],{"class":88},[74,52486,249],{"class":106},[74,52488,89],{"class":88},[74,52490,93],{"class":92},[74,52492,122],{"class":88},[74,52494,3284],{"class":106},[74,52496,52497,52499,52501,52504,52506,52508,52510,52512,52514,52516],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,52498,383],{"class":80},[74,52500,85],{"class":84},[74,52502,52503],{"class":80}," fruits",[74,52505,114],{"class":106},[74,52507,13210],{"class":110},[74,52509,107],{"class":106},[74,52511,122],{"class":88},[74,52513,32878],{"class":92},[74,52515,122],{"class":88},[74,52517,260],{"class":106},[74,52519,52520],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,52521,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,52523,52524,52526,52528,52530],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,52525,103],{"class":102},[74,52527,107],{"class":106},[74,52529,35947],{"class":110},[74,52531,260],{"class":106},[74,52533,52534,52536,52538,52540],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,52535,103],{"class":102},[74,52537,107],{"class":106},[74,52539,418],{"class":110},[74,52541,260],{"class":106},[20,52543,157],{},[65,52545,52547],{"className":67,"code":52546,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\nNone\n",[15,52548,52549,52577],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,52550,52551,52553,52555,52557,52559,52561,52563,52565,52567,52569,52571,52573,52575],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,52552,742],{"class":106},[74,52554,2946],{"class":88},[74,52556,376],{"class":92},[74,52558,2946],{"class":88},[74,52560,249],{"class":106},[74,52562,2941],{"class":88},[74,52564,93],{"class":92},[74,52566,2946],{"class":88},[74,52568,249],{"class":106},[74,52570,2941],{"class":88},[74,52572,32878],{"class":92},[74,52574,2946],{"class":88},[74,52576,3284],{"class":106},[74,52578,52579],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,52580,11466],{"class":3504},[20,52582,52583,52584,52586,52587,52589,52590,114],{},"The important detail is that ",[15,52585,52305],{}," updates ",[15,52588,35947],{},", but the method itself returns ",[15,52591,3429],{},[60,52593,357],{"id":356},[20,52595,52596],{},"Start with a short list, append one value, then print the list.",[65,52598,52600],{"className":67,"code":52599,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.append(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,52601,52602,52626,52644,52648],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,52603,52604,52606,52608,52610,52612,52614,52616,52618,52620,52622,52624],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,52605,12732],{"class":80},[74,52607,85],{"class":84},[74,52609,3271],{"class":106},[74,52611,122],{"class":88},[74,52613,12749],{"class":92},[74,52615,122],{"class":88},[74,52617,249],{"class":106},[74,52619,89],{"class":88},[74,52621,12766],{"class":92},[74,52623,122],{"class":88},[74,52625,3284],{"class":106},[74,52627,52628,52630,52632,52634,52636,52638,52640,52642],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,52629,17157],{"class":80},[74,52631,114],{"class":106},[74,52633,13210],{"class":110},[74,52635,107],{"class":106},[74,52637,122],{"class":88},[74,52639,17110],{"class":92},[74,52641,122],{"class":88},[74,52643,260],{"class":106},[74,52645,52646],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,52647,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,52649,52650,52652,52654,52656],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,52651,103],{"class":102},[74,52653,107],{"class":106},[74,52655,17157],{"class":110},[74,52657,260],{"class":106},[20,52659,157],{},[65,52661,52663],{"className":67,"code":52662,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,52664,52665],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,52666,52667,52669,52671,52673,52675,52677,52679,52681,52683,52685,52687,52689,52691],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,52668,742],{"class":106},[74,52670,2946],{"class":88},[74,52672,12749],{"class":92},[74,52674,2946],{"class":88},[74,52676,249],{"class":106},[74,52678,2941],{"class":88},[74,52680,12766],{"class":92},[74,52682,2946],{"class":88},[74,52684,249],{"class":106},[74,52686,2941],{"class":88},[74,52688,17110],{"class":92},[74,52690,2946],{"class":88},[74,52692,3284],{"class":106},[20,52694,52695],{},"The new item becomes the last item in the list.",[20,52697,30739,52698,114],{},[125,52699,52701],{"href":52700},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to add an item to a list in Python",[60,52703,52705],{"id":52704},"appending-different-data-types","Appending different data types",[20,52707,52708],{},"You can append many kinds of values.",[65,52710,52712],{"className":67,"code":52711,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"items = []\n\nitems.append(10)\nitems.append(\"hello\")\nitems.append(True)\nitems.append({\"name\": \"Sam\"})\nitems.append([1, 2, 3])\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,52713,52714,52722,52726,52740,52758,52772,52798,52820,52824],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,52715,52716,52718,52720],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,52717,7435],{"class":80},[74,52719,85],{"class":84},[74,52721,7495],{"class":106},[74,52723,52724],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,52725,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,52727,52728,52730,52732,52734,52736,52738],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,52729,7466],{"class":80},[74,52731,114],{"class":106},[74,52733,13210],{"class":110},[74,52735,107],{"class":106},[74,52737,1972],{"class":167},[74,52739,260],{"class":106},[74,52741,52742,52744,52746,52748,52750,52752,52754,52756],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,52743,7466],{"class":80},[74,52745,114],{"class":106},[74,52747,13210],{"class":110},[74,52749,107],{"class":106},[74,52751,122],{"class":88},[74,52753,3497],{"class":92},[74,52755,122],{"class":88},[74,52757,260],{"class":106},[74,52759,52760,52762,52764,52766,52768,52770],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,52761,7466],{"class":80},[74,52763,114],{"class":106},[74,52765,13210],{"class":110},[74,52767,107],{"class":106},[74,52769,338],{"class":3504},[74,52771,260],{"class":106},[74,52773,52774,52776,52778,52780,52782,52784,52786,52788,52790,52792,52794,52796],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,52775,7466],{"class":80},[74,52777,114],{"class":106},[74,52779,13210],{"class":110},[74,52781,5180],{"class":106},[74,52783,122],{"class":88},[74,52785,7323],{"class":92},[74,52787,122],{"class":88},[74,52789,679],{"class":106},[74,52791,89],{"class":88},[74,52793,7332],{"class":92},[74,52795,122],{"class":88},[74,52797,30152],{"class":106},[74,52799,52800,52802,52804,52806,52808,52810,52812,52814,52816,52818],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,52801,7466],{"class":80},[74,52803,114],{"class":106},[74,52805,13210],{"class":110},[74,52807,2629],{"class":106},[74,52809,2632],{"class":167},[74,52811,249],{"class":106},[74,52813,620],{"class":167},[74,52815,249],{"class":106},[74,52817,2094],{"class":167},[74,52819,751],{"class":106},[74,52821,52822],{"class":76,"line":6079},[74,52823,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,52825,52826,52828,52830,52832],{"class":76,"line":6085},[74,52827,103],{"class":102},[74,52829,107],{"class":106},[74,52831,7466],{"class":110},[74,52833,260],{"class":106},[20,52835,157],{},[65,52837,52839],{"className":67,"code":52838,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"[10, 'hello', True, {'name': 'Sam'}, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,52840,52841],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,52842,52843,52845,52847,52849,52851,52853,52855,52857,52859,52861,52863,52865,52867,52869,52871,52873,52875,52877,52880,52882,52884,52886,52888,52890,52892],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,52844,742],{"class":106},[74,52846,1972],{"class":167},[74,52848,249],{"class":106},[74,52850,2941],{"class":88},[74,52852,3497],{"class":92},[74,52854,2946],{"class":88},[74,52856,249],{"class":106},[74,52858,3567],{"class":3504},[74,52860,249],{"class":106},[74,52862,10148],{"class":106},[74,52864,2946],{"class":88},[74,52866,7323],{"class":92},[74,52868,2946],{"class":88},[74,52870,679],{"class":106},[74,52872,2941],{"class":88},[74,52874,7332],{"class":92},[74,52876,2946],{"class":88},[74,52878,52879],{"class":106},"},",[74,52881,3271],{"class":106},[74,52883,2632],{"class":167},[74,52885,249],{"class":106},[74,52887,620],{"class":167},[74,52889,249],{"class":106},[74,52891,2094],{"class":167},[74,52893,52894],{"class":106},"]]\n",[20,52896,52897,52898,41810,52900,114],{},"A list added with ",[15,52899,52305],{},[332,52901,52902],{},"one single item",[65,52904,52906],{"className":67,"code":52905,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,52907,52908,52924,52942,52946],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,52909,52910,52912,52914,52916,52918,52920,52922],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,52911,3266],{"class":80},[74,52913,85],{"class":84},[74,52915,3271],{"class":106},[74,52917,2632],{"class":167},[74,52919,249],{"class":106},[74,52921,620],{"class":167},[74,52923,3284],{"class":106},[74,52925,52926,52928,52930,52932,52934,52936,52938,52940],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,52927,3298],{"class":80},[74,52929,114],{"class":106},[74,52931,13210],{"class":110},[74,52933,2629],{"class":106},[74,52935,321],{"class":167},[74,52937,249],{"class":106},[74,52939,2100],{"class":167},[74,52941,751],{"class":106},[74,52943,52944],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,52945,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,52947,52948,52950,52952,52954],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,52949,103],{"class":102},[74,52951,107],{"class":106},[74,52953,3298],{"class":110},[74,52955,260],{"class":106},[20,52957,157],{},[65,52959,52961],{"className":67,"code":52960,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"[1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,52962,52963],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,52964,52965,52967,52969,52971,52973,52975,52977,52979,52981,52983],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,52966,742],{"class":106},[74,52968,2632],{"class":167},[74,52970,249],{"class":106},[74,52972,620],{"class":167},[74,52974,249],{"class":106},[74,52976,3271],{"class":106},[74,52978,321],{"class":167},[74,52980,249],{"class":106},[74,52982,2100],{"class":167},[74,52984,52894],{"class":106},[20,52986,1927,52987,52990],{},[15,52988,52989],{},"[3, 4]"," was added as one nested list item.",[20,52992,52993,52994,53000],{},"This is different from ",[125,52995,52997],{"href":52996},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method\u002F",[15,52998,52999],{},"list.extend()",", which adds items one by one from another iterable.",[60,53002,53004],{"id":53003},"append-vs-extend","append() vs extend()",[20,53006,53007],{},"This is one of the most common beginner questions.",[262,53009,571,53011],{"id":53010},"using-append",[15,53012,52305],{},[65,53014,53015],{"className":67,"code":52905,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,53016,53017,53033,53051,53055],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,53018,53019,53021,53023,53025,53027,53029,53031],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,53020,3266],{"class":80},[74,53022,85],{"class":84},[74,53024,3271],{"class":106},[74,53026,2632],{"class":167},[74,53028,249],{"class":106},[74,53030,620],{"class":167},[74,53032,3284],{"class":106},[74,53034,53035,53037,53039,53041,53043,53045,53047,53049],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,53036,3298],{"class":80},[74,53038,114],{"class":106},[74,53040,13210],{"class":110},[74,53042,2629],{"class":106},[74,53044,321],{"class":167},[74,53046,249],{"class":106},[74,53048,2100],{"class":167},[74,53050,751],{"class":106},[74,53052,53053],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,53054,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,53056,53057,53059,53061,53063],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,53058,103],{"class":102},[74,53060,107],{"class":106},[74,53062,3298],{"class":110},[74,53064,260],{"class":106},[20,53066,157],{},[65,53068,53069],{"className":67,"code":52960,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,53070,53071],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,53072,53073,53075,53077,53079,53081,53083,53085,53087,53089,53091],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,53074,742],{"class":106},[74,53076,2632],{"class":167},[74,53078,249],{"class":106},[74,53080,620],{"class":167},[74,53082,249],{"class":106},[74,53084,3271],{"class":106},[74,53086,321],{"class":167},[74,53088,249],{"class":106},[74,53090,2100],{"class":167},[74,53092,52894],{"class":106},[262,53094,571,53096],{"id":53095},"using-extend",[15,53097,53098],{},"extend()",[65,53100,53102],{"className":67,"code":53101,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,53103,53104,53120,53139,53143],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,53105,53106,53108,53110,53112,53114,53116,53118],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,53107,3266],{"class":80},[74,53109,85],{"class":84},[74,53111,3271],{"class":106},[74,53113,2632],{"class":167},[74,53115,249],{"class":106},[74,53117,620],{"class":167},[74,53119,3284],{"class":106},[74,53121,53122,53124,53126,53129,53131,53133,53135,53137],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,53123,3298],{"class":80},[74,53125,114],{"class":106},[74,53127,53128],{"class":110},"extend",[74,53130,2629],{"class":106},[74,53132,321],{"class":167},[74,53134,249],{"class":106},[74,53136,2100],{"class":167},[74,53138,751],{"class":106},[74,53140,53141],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,53142,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,53144,53145,53147,53149,53151],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,53146,103],{"class":102},[74,53148,107],{"class":106},[74,53150,3298],{"class":110},[74,53152,260],{"class":106},[20,53154,157],{},[65,53156,53158],{"className":67,"code":53157,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,53159,53160],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,53161,53162,53164,53166,53168,53170,53172,53174,53176,53178],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,53163,742],{"class":106},[74,53165,2632],{"class":167},[74,53167,249],{"class":106},[74,53169,620],{"class":167},[74,53171,249],{"class":106},[74,53173,2094],{"class":167},[74,53175,249],{"class":106},[74,53177,2100],{"class":167},[74,53179,3284],{"class":106},[20,53181,53182],{},"The difference:",[30,53184,53185,53191,53197,53202],{},[33,53186,53187,53190],{},[15,53188,53189],{},"append([3, 4])"," adds one item: the whole list",[33,53192,53193,53196],{},[15,53194,53195],{},"extend([3, 4])"," adds two separate items",[33,53198,176,53199,53201],{},[15,53200,52305],{}," for one item",[33,53203,176,53204,53206],{},[15,53205,53098],{}," for multiple items from another iterable",[20,53208,53209,53210,114],{},"For the full method reference, see ",[125,53211,53212],{"href":52996},"Python list extend() method",[60,53214,4170],{"id":4169},[262,53216,53218],{"id":53217},"assigning-the-result-of-append","Assigning the result of append()",[20,53220,25347],{},[65,53222,53224],{"className":67,"code":53223,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53225,53226,53246,53264,53268],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,53227,53228,53230,53232,53234,53236,53238,53240,53242,53244],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,53229,7435],{"class":80},[74,53231,85],{"class":84},[74,53233,3271],{"class":106},[74,53235,2632],{"class":167},[74,53237,249],{"class":106},[74,53239,620],{"class":167},[74,53241,249],{"class":106},[74,53243,2094],{"class":167},[74,53245,3284],{"class":106},[74,53247,53248,53250,53252,53254,53256,53258,53260,53262],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,53249,7435],{"class":80},[74,53251,85],{"class":84},[74,53253,5617],{"class":80},[74,53255,114],{"class":106},[74,53257,13210],{"class":110},[74,53259,107],{"class":106},[74,53261,2148],{"class":167},[74,53263,260],{"class":106},[74,53265,53266],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,53267,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,53269,53270,53272,53274,53276],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,53271,103],{"class":102},[74,53273,107],{"class":106},[74,53275,7466],{"class":110},[74,53277,260],{"class":106},[20,53279,157],{},[65,53281,53282],{"className":67,"code":11466,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,53283,53284],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,53285,53286],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,53287,11466],{"class":3504},[20,53289,11558],{},[30,53291,53292,53297,53303],{},[33,53293,53294,53296],{},[15,53295,52305],{}," changes the list in place",[33,53298,53299,2039,53301],{},[15,53300,52305],{},[15,53302,3429],{},[33,53304,53305,53306,53309,53310],{},"So ",[15,53307,53308],{},"items = items.append(4)"," replaces your list with ",[15,53311,3429],{},[20,53313,1080],{},[65,53315,53317],{"className":67,"code":53316,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53318,53319,53339,53353,53357],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,53320,53321,53323,53325,53327,53329,53331,53333,53335,53337],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,53322,7435],{"class":80},[74,53324,85],{"class":84},[74,53326,3271],{"class":106},[74,53328,2632],{"class":167},[74,53330,249],{"class":106},[74,53332,620],{"class":167},[74,53334,249],{"class":106},[74,53336,2094],{"class":167},[74,53338,3284],{"class":106},[74,53340,53341,53343,53345,53347,53349,53351],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,53342,7466],{"class":80},[74,53344,114],{"class":106},[74,53346,13210],{"class":110},[74,53348,107],{"class":106},[74,53350,2148],{"class":167},[74,53352,260],{"class":106},[74,53354,53355],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,53356,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,53358,53359,53361,53363,53365],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,53360,103],{"class":102},[74,53362,107],{"class":106},[74,53364,7466],{"class":110},[74,53366,260],{"class":106},[20,53368,157],{},[65,53370,53371],{"className":67,"code":53157,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,53372,53373],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,53374,53375,53377,53379,53381,53383,53385,53387,53389,53391],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,53376,742],{"class":106},[74,53378,2632],{"class":167},[74,53380,249],{"class":106},[74,53382,620],{"class":167},[74,53384,249],{"class":106},[74,53386,2094],{"class":167},[74,53388,249],{"class":106},[74,53390,2100],{"class":167},[74,53392,3284],{"class":106},[262,53394,53396],{"id":53395},"expecting-append-to-return-the-updated-list","Expecting append() to return the updated list",[20,53398,18568],{},[65,53400,53402],{"className":67,"code":53401,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"updated = [1, 2].append(3)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,53403,53404,53428],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,53405,53406,53408,53410,53412,53414,53416,53418,53420,53422,53424,53426],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,53407,31539],{"class":80},[74,53409,85],{"class":84},[74,53411,3271],{"class":106},[74,53413,2632],{"class":167},[74,53415,249],{"class":106},[74,53417,620],{"class":167},[74,53419,13207],{"class":106},[74,53421,13210],{"class":110},[74,53423,107],{"class":106},[74,53425,321],{"class":167},[74,53427,260],{"class":106},[74,53429,53430,53432,53434,53436],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,53431,103],{"class":102},[74,53433,107],{"class":106},[74,53435,31558],{"class":110},[74,53437,260],{"class":106},[20,53439,157],{},[65,53441,53442],{"className":67,"code":11466,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,53443,53444],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,53445,53446],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,53447,11466],{"class":3504},[20,53449,53450,53451,53453],{},"Remember: ",[15,53452,52305],{}," updates the list you already have.",[262,53455,53457],{"id":53456},"using-append-when-extend-is-needed","Using append() when extend() is needed",[65,53459,53460],{"className":67,"code":52905,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,53461,53462,53478,53496,53500],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,53463,53464,53466,53468,53470,53472,53474,53476],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,53465,3266],{"class":80},[74,53467,85],{"class":84},[74,53469,3271],{"class":106},[74,53471,2632],{"class":167},[74,53473,249],{"class":106},[74,53475,620],{"class":167},[74,53477,3284],{"class":106},[74,53479,53480,53482,53484,53486,53488,53490,53492,53494],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,53481,3298],{"class":80},[74,53483,114],{"class":106},[74,53485,13210],{"class":110},[74,53487,2629],{"class":106},[74,53489,321],{"class":167},[74,53491,249],{"class":106},[74,53493,2100],{"class":167},[74,53495,751],{"class":106},[74,53497,53498],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,53499,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,53501,53502,53504,53506,53508],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,53503,103],{"class":102},[74,53505,107],{"class":106},[74,53507,3298],{"class":110},[74,53509,260],{"class":106},[20,53511,157],{},[65,53513,53514],{"className":67,"code":52960,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,53515,53516],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,53517,53518,53520,53522,53524,53526,53528,53530,53532,53534,53536],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,53519,742],{"class":106},[74,53521,2632],{"class":167},[74,53523,249],{"class":106},[74,53525,620],{"class":167},[74,53527,249],{"class":106},[74,53529,3271],{"class":106},[74,53531,321],{"class":167},[74,53533,249],{"class":106},[74,53535,2100],{"class":167},[74,53537,52894],{"class":106},[20,53539,2814,53540,53543,53544,6284],{},[15,53541,53542],{},"[1, 2, 3, 4]",", use ",[15,53545,53098],{},[262,53547,53549],{"id":53548},"forgetting-that-append-always-adds-at-the-end","Forgetting that append() always adds at the end",[20,53551,53552,53554],{},[15,53553,52305],{}," cannot choose a position. It always adds the new item at the end of the list.",[20,53556,53557,53558,114],{},"If you need to add an item at a specific index, use ",[125,53559,53561],{"href":53560},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method\u002F",[15,53562,53563],{},"list.insert()",[20,53565,506],{},[65,53567,53569],{"className":67,"code":53568,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,53570,53571,53595,53618,53622],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,53572,53573,53575,53577,53579,53581,53583,53585,53587,53589,53591,53593],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,53574,35746],{"class":80},[74,53576,85],{"class":84},[74,53578,3271],{"class":106},[74,53580,122],{"class":88},[74,53582,125],{"class":92},[74,53584,122],{"class":88},[74,53586,249],{"class":106},[74,53588,89],{"class":88},[74,53590,9396],{"class":92},[74,53592,122],{"class":88},[74,53594,3284],{"class":106},[74,53596,53597,53599,53601,53604,53606,53608,53610,53612,53614,53616],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,53598,35799],{"class":80},[74,53600,114],{"class":106},[74,53602,53603],{"class":110},"insert",[74,53605,107],{"class":106},[74,53607,2632],{"class":167},[74,53609,249],{"class":106},[74,53611,89],{"class":88},[74,53613,4412],{"class":92},[74,53615,122],{"class":88},[74,53617,260],{"class":106},[74,53619,53620],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,53621,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,53623,53624,53626,53628,53630],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,53625,103],{"class":102},[74,53627,107],{"class":106},[74,53629,35799],{"class":110},[74,53631,260],{"class":106},[20,53633,157],{},[65,53635,53636],{"className":67,"code":42530,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,53637,53638],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,53639,53640,53642,53644,53646,53648,53650,53652,53654,53656,53658,53660,53662,53664],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,53641,742],{"class":106},[74,53643,2946],{"class":88},[74,53645,125],{"class":92},[74,53647,2946],{"class":88},[74,53649,249],{"class":106},[74,53651,2941],{"class":88},[74,53653,4412],{"class":92},[74,53655,2946],{"class":88},[74,53657,249],{"class":106},[74,53659,2941],{"class":88},[74,53661,9396],{"class":92},[74,53663,2946],{"class":88},[74,53665,3284],{"class":106},[60,53667,53669],{"id":53668},"when-to-use-append","When to use append()",[20,53671,53672,53674],{},[15,53673,52305],{}," is useful when you are adding items one at a time.",[20,53676,36082],{},[30,53678,53679,53682,53685,53688],{},[33,53680,53681],{},"building a list in a loop",[33,53683,53684],{},"collecting user input",[33,53686,53687],{},"storing results step by step",[33,53689,53690],{},"adding one new item to existing data",[20,53692,53693],{},"Example with a loop:",[65,53695,53697],{"className":67,"code":53696,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"squares = []\n\nfor number in range(1, 5):\n    squares.append(number * number)\n\nprint(squares)\n",[15,53698,53699,53708,53712,53733,53752,53756],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,53700,53701,53704,53706],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,53702,53703],{"class":80},"squares ",[74,53705,85],{"class":84},[74,53707,7495],{"class":106},[74,53709,53710],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,53711,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,53713,53714,53716,53718,53720,53723,53725,53727,53729,53731],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,53715,5609],{"class":3529},[74,53717,6039],{"class":80},[74,53719,351],{"class":3529},[74,53721,53722],{"class":102}," range",[74,53724,107],{"class":106},[74,53726,2632],{"class":167},[74,53728,249],{"class":106},[74,53730,651],{"class":167},[74,53732,8000],{"class":106},[74,53734,53735,53738,53740,53742,53744,53746,53748,53750],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,53736,53737],{"class":80},"    squares",[74,53739,114],{"class":106},[74,53741,13210],{"class":110},[74,53743,107],{"class":106},[74,53745,1859],{"class":110},[74,53747,39529],{"class":84},[74,53749,1839],{"class":110},[74,53751,260],{"class":106},[74,53753,53754],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,53755,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,53757,53758,53760,53762,53765],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,53759,103],{"class":102},[74,53761,107],{"class":106},[74,53763,53764],{"class":110},"squares",[74,53766,260],{"class":106},[20,53768,157],{},[65,53770,53772],{"className":67,"code":53771,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"[1, 4, 9, 16]\n",[15,53773,53774],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,53775,53776,53778,53780,53782,53784,53786,53789,53791,53793],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,53777,742],{"class":106},[74,53779,2632],{"class":167},[74,53781,249],{"class":106},[74,53783,2100],{"class":167},[74,53785,249],{"class":106},[74,53787,53788],{"class":167}," 9",[74,53790,249],{"class":106},[74,53792,13645],{"class":167},[74,53794,3284],{"class":106},[60,53796,1471],{"id":1470},[262,53798,53800],{"id":53799},"does-append-return-a-new-list","Does append() return a new list?",[20,53802,46019,53803,53805,53806,114],{},[15,53804,52305],{}," changes the original list and returns ",[15,53807,3429],{},[262,53809,53811],{"id":53810},"can-append-add-multiple-items-at-once","Can append() add multiple items at once?",[20,53813,53814,53815,114],{},"No. It adds one item. To add multiple items from another iterable, use ",[125,53816,53817],{"href":52996},[15,53818,53098],{},[262,53820,53822],{"id":53821},"what-happens-if-i-append-a-list","What happens if I append a list?",[20,53824,53825],{},"The whole list is added as one item at the end, creating a nested list.",[20,53827,506],{},[65,53829,53831],{"className":67,"code":53830,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"data = [1, 2]\ndata.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,53832,53833,53849,53867,53871],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,53834,53835,53837,53839,53841,53843,53845,53847],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,53836,8821],{"class":80},[74,53838,85],{"class":84},[74,53840,3271],{"class":106},[74,53842,2632],{"class":167},[74,53844,249],{"class":106},[74,53846,620],{"class":167},[74,53848,3284],{"class":106},[74,53850,53851,53853,53855,53857,53859,53861,53863,53865],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,53852,8860],{"class":80},[74,53854,114],{"class":106},[74,53856,13210],{"class":110},[74,53858,2629],{"class":106},[74,53860,321],{"class":167},[74,53862,249],{"class":106},[74,53864,2100],{"class":167},[74,53866,751],{"class":106},[74,53868,53869],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,53870,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,53872,53873,53875,53877,53879],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,53874,103],{"class":102},[74,53876,107],{"class":106},[74,53878,8860],{"class":110},[74,53880,260],{"class":106},[20,53882,157],{},[65,53884,53885],{"className":67,"code":52960,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,53886,53887],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,53888,53889,53891,53893,53895,53897,53899,53901,53903,53905,53907],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,53890,742],{"class":106},[74,53892,2632],{"class":167},[74,53894,249],{"class":106},[74,53896,620],{"class":167},[74,53898,249],{"class":106},[74,53900,3271],{"class":106},[74,53902,321],{"class":167},[74,53904,249],{"class":106},[74,53906,2100],{"class":167},[74,53908,52894],{"class":106},[262,53910,53912],{"id":53911},"what-is-the-difference-between-append-and-insert","What is the difference between append() and insert()?",[20,53914,53915,53917,53918,53921],{},[15,53916,52305],{}," adds at the end. ",[15,53919,53920],{},"insert()"," adds at a specific position.",[60,53923,1527],{"id":1526},[30,53925,53926,53931,53935,53940,53944],{},[33,53927,53928],{},[125,53929,53930],{"href":52700},"How to add an item to a list in Python",[33,53932,53933],{},[125,53934,53212],{"href":52996},[33,53936,53937],{},[125,53938,53939],{"href":53560},"Python list insert() method",[33,53941,53942],{},[125,53943,52423],{"href":50631},[33,53945,53946],{},[125,53947,53949],{"href":53948},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-list-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","Fix list-related AttributeError problems",[1566,53951,53952],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":70,"searchDepth":99,"depth":99,"links":53954},[53955,53956,53957,53958,53959,53960,53966,53972,53973,53979],{"id":3255,"depth":99,"text":3256},{"id":52383,"depth":99,"text":52384},{"id":5080,"depth":99,"text":5081},{"id":356,"depth":99,"text":357},{"id":52704,"depth":99,"text":52705},{"id":53003,"depth":99,"text":53004,"children":53961},[53962,53964],{"id":53010,"depth":133,"text":53963},"Using append()",{"id":53095,"depth":133,"text":53965},"Using extend()",{"id":4169,"depth":99,"text":4170,"children":53967},[53968,53969,53970,53971],{"id":53217,"depth":133,"text":53218},{"id":53395,"depth":133,"text":53396},{"id":53456,"depth":133,"text":53457},{"id":53548,"depth":133,"text":53549},{"id":53668,"depth":99,"text":53669},{"id":1470,"depth":99,"text":1471,"children":53974},[53975,53976,53977,53978],{"id":53799,"depth":133,"text":53800},{"id":53810,"depth":133,"text":53811},{"id":53821,"depth":133,"text":53822},{"id":53911,"depth":133,"text":53912},{"id":1526,"depth":99,"text":1527},"Master python list append method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method",{"title":52295,"description":53980},"reference\u002Fpython-list-append-method","cBBksi6Gcs0V4z_ykk5oU9TSrL_TTVPGb-hIaffmg1I",{"id":53987,"title":53988,"body":53989,"description":55233,"extension":1610,"meta":55234,"navigation":407,"path":55235,"seo":55236,"stem":55237,"__hash__":55238},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method.md","Python List clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":53990,"toc":55198},[53991,53997,54003,54009,54011,54059,54064,54069,54073,54089,54095,54097,54100,54115,54117,54128,54130,54132,54189,54191,54199,54201,54217,54223,54225,54231,54235,54319,54322,54371,54378,54386,54389,54403,54416,54422,54497,54504,54511,54585,54593,54596,54607,54616,54620,54624,54635,54637,54714,54735,54737,54747,54750,54798,54800,54821,54824,54826,54877,54883,54890,54957,54963,54969,54972,54999,55004,55010,55013,55085,55088,55099,55105,55107,55113,55116,55122,55128,55135,55143,55149,55155,55157,55195],[10,53992,53994,53995,18],{"id":53993},"python-list-clear-method","Python List ",[15,53996,10980],{},[20,53998,53999,54002],{},[15,54000,54001],{},"list.clear()"," removes every item from a list.",[20,54004,54005,54006,54008],{},"Use it when you want to empty an existing list ",[332,54007,10992],{},". This is useful when you want to keep using the same list object, but remove all of its contents.",[60,54010,3256],{"id":3255},[65,54012,54014],{"className":67,"code":54013,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,54015,54016,54036,54046],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,54017,54018,54020,54022,54024,54026,54028,54030,54032,54034],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,54019,7435],{"class":80},[74,54021,85],{"class":84},[74,54023,3271],{"class":106},[74,54025,2632],{"class":167},[74,54027,249],{"class":106},[74,54029,620],{"class":167},[74,54031,249],{"class":106},[74,54033,2094],{"class":167},[74,54035,3284],{"class":106},[74,54037,54038,54040,54042,54044],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,54039,7466],{"class":80},[74,54041,114],{"class":106},[74,54043,11041],{"class":110},[74,54045,8299],{"class":106},[74,54047,54048,54050,54052,54054,54056],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,54049,103],{"class":102},[74,54051,107],{"class":106},[74,54053,7466],{"class":110},[74,54055,3311],{"class":106},[74,54057,54058],{"class":3314},"  # []\n",[20,54060,176,54061,54063],{},[15,54062,10980],{}," to remove all items from an existing list in place.",[60,54065,3328,54067,38],{"id":54066},"what-listclear-does",[15,54068,54001],{},[20,54070,54071,679],{},[15,54072,54001],{},[30,54074,54075,54078,54081,54086],{},[33,54076,54077],{},"Removes every item from a list",[33,54079,54080],{},"Changes the original list in place",[33,54082,54083,54084],{},"Leaves you with an empty list: ",[15,54085,3438],{},[33,54087,54088],{},"Takes no arguments",[20,54090,54091,54092,54094],{},"This means the list still exists after calling ",[15,54093,10980],{},", but it contains no values.",[60,54096,227],{"id":226},[20,54098,54099],{},"Syntax:",[65,54101,54103],{"className":67,"code":54102,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"my_list.clear()\n",[15,54104,54105],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,54106,54107,54109,54111,54113],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,54108,7997],{"class":80},[74,54110,114],{"class":106},[74,54112,11041],{"class":110},[74,54114,8299],{"class":106},[20,54116,11117],{},[30,54118,54119,54122,54125],{},[33,54120,54121],{},"Call it on a list object",[33,54123,54124],{},"Do not pass values inside the parentheses",[33,54126,54127],{},"Include the parentheses so the method actually runs",[60,54129,357],{"id":356},[20,54131,11135],{},[65,54133,54135],{"className":67,"code":54134,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nnumbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,54136,54137,54161,54165,54175,54179],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,54138,54139,54141,54143,54145,54147,54149,54151,54153,54155,54157,54159],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,54140,3266],{"class":80},[74,54142,85],{"class":84},[74,54144,3271],{"class":106},[74,54146,1972],{"class":167},[74,54148,249],{"class":106},[74,54150,7446],{"class":167},[74,54152,249],{"class":106},[74,54154,7451],{"class":167},[74,54156,249],{"class":106},[74,54158,50495],{"class":167},[74,54160,3284],{"class":106},[74,54162,54163],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,54164,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,54166,54167,54169,54171,54173],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,54168,3298],{"class":80},[74,54170,114],{"class":106},[74,54172,11041],{"class":110},[74,54174,8299],{"class":106},[74,54176,54177],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,54178,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,54180,54181,54183,54185,54187],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,54182,103],{"class":102},[74,54184,107],{"class":106},[74,54186,3298],{"class":110},[74,54188,260],{"class":106},[20,54190,157],{},[65,54192,54193],{"className":67,"code":37953,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,54194,54195],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,54196,54197],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,54198,37953],{"class":106},[20,54200,11341],{},[30,54202,54203,54208,54214],{},[33,54204,54205,54207],{},[15,54206,3298],{}," starts with four items",[33,54209,54210,54213],{},[15,54211,54212],{},"numbers.clear()"," removes all of them",[33,54215,54216],{},"Printing the list shows that it is now empty",[20,54218,54219,54220,114],{},"If you are new to lists, see ",[125,54221,52423],{"href":54222},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide",[60,54224,305],{"id":304},[20,54226,54227,2039,54229,114],{},[15,54228,10980],{},[15,54230,3429],{},[20,54232,330,54233,52319],{},[332,54234,334],{},[65,54236,54238],{"className":67,"code":54237,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(items)   # []\nprint(result)  # None\n",[15,54239,54240,54272,54276,54290,54294,54307],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,54241,54242,54244,54246,54248,54250,54252,54254,54256,54258,54260,54262,54264,54266,54268,54270],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,54243,7435],{"class":80},[74,54245,85],{"class":84},[74,54247,3271],{"class":106},[74,54249,122],{"class":88},[74,54251,125],{"class":92},[74,54253,122],{"class":88},[74,54255,249],{"class":106},[74,54257,89],{"class":88},[74,54259,4412],{"class":92},[74,54261,122],{"class":88},[74,54263,249],{"class":106},[74,54265,89],{"class":88},[74,54267,9396],{"class":92},[74,54269,122],{"class":88},[74,54271,3284],{"class":106},[74,54273,54274],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,54275,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,54277,54278,54280,54282,54284,54286,54288],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,54279,383],{"class":80},[74,54281,85],{"class":84},[74,54283,5617],{"class":80},[74,54285,114],{"class":106},[74,54287,11041],{"class":110},[74,54289,8299],{"class":106},[74,54291,54292],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,54293,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,54295,54296,54298,54300,54302,54304],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,54297,103],{"class":102},[74,54299,107],{"class":106},[74,54301,7466],{"class":110},[74,54303,3311],{"class":106},[74,54305,54306],{"class":3314},"   # []\n",[74,54308,54309,54311,54313,54315,54317],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,54310,103],{"class":102},[74,54312,107],{"class":106},[74,54314,418],{"class":110},[74,54316,3311],{"class":106},[74,54318,20531],{"class":3314},[20,54320,54321],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. If you write:",[65,54323,54325],{"className":67,"code":54324,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.clear()\nprint(items)\n",[15,54326,54327,54347,54361],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,54328,54329,54331,54333,54335,54337,54339,54341,54343,54345],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,54330,7435],{"class":80},[74,54332,85],{"class":84},[74,54334,3271],{"class":106},[74,54336,2632],{"class":167},[74,54338,249],{"class":106},[74,54340,620],{"class":167},[74,54342,249],{"class":106},[74,54344,2094],{"class":167},[74,54346,3284],{"class":106},[74,54348,54349,54351,54353,54355,54357,54359],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,54350,7435],{"class":80},[74,54352,85],{"class":84},[74,54354,5617],{"class":80},[74,54356,114],{"class":106},[74,54358,11041],{"class":110},[74,54360,8299],{"class":106},[74,54362,54363,54365,54367,54369],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,54364,103],{"class":102},[74,54366,107],{"class":106},[74,54368,7466],{"class":110},[74,54370,260],{"class":106},[20,54372,11574,54373,41810,54375,54377],{},[15,54374,7466],{},[15,54376,3429],{},", not an empty list.",[60,54379,54381,54383,54384],{"id":54380},"clear-vs-assigning",[15,54382,10980],{}," vs assigning ",[15,54385,3438],{},[20,54387,54388],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they are not the same:",[65,54390,54391],{"className":67,"code":54102,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,54392,54393],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,54394,54395,54397,54399,54401],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,54396,7997],{"class":80},[74,54398,114],{"class":106},[74,54400,11041],{"class":110},[74,54402,8299],{"class":106},[65,54404,54406],{"className":67,"code":54405,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"my_list = []\n",[15,54407,54408],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,54409,54410,54412,54414],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,54411,7966],{"class":80},[74,54413,85],{"class":84},[74,54415,7495],{"class":106},[262,54417,54419,54421],{"id":54418},"clear-empties-the-same-list-object",[15,54420,10980],{}," empties the same list object",[65,54423,54425],{"className":67,"code":54424,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # []\n",[15,54426,54427,54447,54455,54459,54469,54473,54485],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,54428,54429,54431,54433,54435,54437,54439,54441,54443,54445],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,54430,2198],{"class":80},[74,54432,85],{"class":84},[74,54434,3271],{"class":106},[74,54436,2632],{"class":167},[74,54438,249],{"class":106},[74,54440,620],{"class":167},[74,54442,249],{"class":106},[74,54444,2094],{"class":167},[74,54446,3284],{"class":106},[74,54448,54449,54451,54453],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,54450,2226],{"class":80},[74,54452,85],{"class":84},[74,54454,35831],{"class":80},[74,54456,54457],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,54458,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,54460,54461,54463,54465,54467],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,54462,125],{"class":80},[74,54464,114],{"class":106},[74,54466,11041],{"class":110},[74,54468,8299],{"class":106},[74,54470,54471],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,54472,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,54474,54475,54477,54479,54481,54483],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,54476,103],{"class":102},[74,54478,107],{"class":106},[74,54480,125],{"class":110},[74,54482,3311],{"class":106},[74,54484,54058],{"class":3314},[74,54486,54487,54489,54491,54493,54495],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,54488,103],{"class":102},[74,54490,107],{"class":106},[74,54492,4412],{"class":110},[74,54494,3311],{"class":106},[74,54496,54058],{"class":3314},[20,54498,10248,54499,51,54501,54503],{},[15,54500,125],{},[15,54502,4412],{}," point to the same list, so clearing it affects both variables.",[262,54505,54507,54510],{"id":54506},"my_list-creates-a-new-empty-list",[15,54508,54509],{},"my_list = []"," creates a new empty list",[65,54512,54514],{"className":67,"code":54513,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na = []\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,54515,54516,54536,54544,54548,54556,54560,54572],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,54517,54518,54520,54522,54524,54526,54528,54530,54532,54534],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,54519,2198],{"class":80},[74,54521,85],{"class":84},[74,54523,3271],{"class":106},[74,54525,2632],{"class":167},[74,54527,249],{"class":106},[74,54529,620],{"class":167},[74,54531,249],{"class":106},[74,54533,2094],{"class":167},[74,54535,3284],{"class":106},[74,54537,54538,54540,54542],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,54539,2226],{"class":80},[74,54541,85],{"class":84},[74,54543,35831],{"class":80},[74,54545,54546],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,54547,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,54549,54550,54552,54554],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,54551,2198],{"class":80},[74,54553,85],{"class":84},[74,54555,7495],{"class":106},[74,54557,54558],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,54559,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,54561,54562,54564,54566,54568,54570],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,54563,103],{"class":102},[74,54565,107],{"class":106},[74,54567,125],{"class":110},[74,54569,3311],{"class":106},[74,54571,54058],{"class":3314},[74,54573,54574,54576,54578,54580,54582],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,54575,103],{"class":102},[74,54577,107],{"class":106},[74,54579,4412],{"class":110},[74,54581,3311],{"class":106},[74,54583,54584],{"class":3314},"  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[20,54586,20426,54587,54589,54590,54592],{},[15,54588,125],{}," now points to a new empty list. But ",[15,54591,4412],{}," still points to the original list.",[20,54594,54595],{},"This difference matters when:",[30,54597,54598,54601,54604],{},[33,54599,54600],{},"Two variables refer to the same list",[33,54602,54603],{},"A list is shared between parts of a program",[33,54605,54606],{},"You want to empty the original list instead of replacing it",[20,54608,54609,54610,114],{},"This idea is also helpful when learning ",[125,54611,54613,54614,10399],{"href":54612},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method\u002F","the list ",[15,54615,12435],{},[60,54617,1260,54618],{"id":12096},[15,54619,10980],{},[20,54621,176,54622,5970],{},[15,54623,10980],{},[30,54625,54626,54629,54632],{},[33,54627,54628],{},"Reset a list before reusing it",[33,54630,54631],{},"Empty shared list data in place",[33,54633,54634],{},"Remove all items without deleting the list variable",[20,54636,506],{},[65,54638,54640],{"className":67,"code":54639,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"shopping_cart = [\"milk\", \"bread\", \"eggs\"]\n\n# Order completed, reuse the same list\nshopping_cart.clear()\n\nprint(shopping_cart)  # []\n",[15,54641,54642,54678,54682,54687,54698,54702],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,54643,54644,54647,54649,54651,54653,54656,54658,54660,54662,54665,54667,54669,54671,54674,54676],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,54645,54646],{"class":80},"shopping_cart ",[74,54648,85],{"class":84},[74,54650,3271],{"class":106},[74,54652,122],{"class":88},[74,54654,54655],{"class":92},"milk",[74,54657,122],{"class":88},[74,54659,249],{"class":106},[74,54661,89],{"class":88},[74,54663,54664],{"class":92},"bread",[74,54666,122],{"class":88},[74,54668,249],{"class":106},[74,54670,89],{"class":88},[74,54672,54673],{"class":92},"eggs",[74,54675,122],{"class":88},[74,54677,3284],{"class":106},[74,54679,54680],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,54681,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,54683,54684],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,54685,54686],{"class":3314},"# Order completed, reuse the same list\n",[74,54688,54689,54692,54694,54696],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,54690,54691],{"class":80},"shopping_cart",[74,54693,114],{"class":106},[74,54695,11041],{"class":110},[74,54697,8299],{"class":106},[74,54699,54700],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,54701,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,54703,54704,54706,54708,54710,54712],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,54705,103],{"class":102},[74,54707,107],{"class":106},[74,54709,54691],{"class":110},[74,54711,3311],{"class":106},[74,54713,54058],{"class":3314},[20,54715,54716,54717,54721,54722,54728,54729,114],{},"If you only want to remove one item, see ",[125,54718,54720],{"href":54719},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-an-item-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove an item from a list in Python"," or the ",[125,54723,54725,10399],{"href":54724},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method\u002F",[15,54726,54727],{},"list.remove()",". If you want to remove and return one item, see the ",[125,54730,54732,10399],{"href":54731},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method\u002F",[15,54733,54734],{},"list.pop()",[60,54736,4170],{"id":4169},[262,54738,54740,54741,10750,54744],{"id":54739},"writing-my_listclear-instead-of-my_listclear","Writing ",[15,54742,54743],{},"my_list.clear",[15,54745,54746],{},"my_list.clear()",[20,54748,54749],{},"This does not call the method.",[65,54751,54753],{"className":67,"code":54752,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear\nprint(items)\n",[15,54754,54755,54775,54779,54788],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,54756,54757,54759,54761,54763,54765,54767,54769,54771,54773],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,54758,7435],{"class":80},[74,54760,85],{"class":84},[74,54762,3271],{"class":106},[74,54764,2632],{"class":167},[74,54766,249],{"class":106},[74,54768,620],{"class":167},[74,54770,249],{"class":106},[74,54772,2094],{"class":167},[74,54774,3284],{"class":106},[74,54776,54777],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,54778,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,54780,54781,54783,54785],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,54782,7466],{"class":80},[74,54784,114],{"class":106},[74,54786,54787],{"class":24406},"clear\n",[74,54789,54790,54792,54794,54796],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,54791,103],{"class":102},[74,54793,107],{"class":106},[74,54795,7466],{"class":110},[74,54797,260],{"class":106},[20,54799,157],{},[65,54801,54803],{"className":67,"code":54802,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,54804,54805],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,54806,54807,54809,54811,54813,54815,54817,54819],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,54808,742],{"class":106},[74,54810,2632],{"class":167},[74,54812,249],{"class":106},[74,54814,620],{"class":167},[74,54816,249],{"class":106},[74,54818,2094],{"class":167},[74,54820,3284],{"class":106},[20,54822,54823],{},"Nothing changes because the method was not run.",[20,54825,1080],{},[65,54827,54829],{"className":67,"code":54828,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,54830,54831,54851,54855,54865],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,54832,54833,54835,54837,54839,54841,54843,54845,54847,54849],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,54834,7435],{"class":80},[74,54836,85],{"class":84},[74,54838,3271],{"class":106},[74,54840,2632],{"class":167},[74,54842,249],{"class":106},[74,54844,620],{"class":167},[74,54846,249],{"class":106},[74,54848,2094],{"class":167},[74,54850,3284],{"class":106},[74,54852,54853],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,54854,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,54856,54857,54859,54861,54863],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,54858,7466],{"class":80},[74,54860,114],{"class":106},[74,54862,11041],{"class":110},[74,54864,8299],{"class":106},[74,54866,54867,54869,54871,54873,54875],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,54868,103],{"class":102},[74,54870,107],{"class":106},[74,54872,7466],{"class":110},[74,54874,3311],{"class":106},[74,54876,54058],{"class":3314},[262,54878,923,54880,54882],{"id":54879},"expecting-clear-to-return-the-emptied-list",[15,54881,10980],{}," to return the emptied list",[20,54884,54885,2039,54887,54889],{},[15,54886,10980],{},[15,54888,3429],{},", not the list.",[65,54891,54893],{"className":67,"code":54892,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(result)  # None\nprint(items)   # []\n",[15,54894,54895,54915,54929,54933,54945],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,54896,54897,54899,54901,54903,54905,54907,54909,54911,54913],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,54898,7435],{"class":80},[74,54900,85],{"class":84},[74,54902,3271],{"class":106},[74,54904,2632],{"class":167},[74,54906,249],{"class":106},[74,54908,620],{"class":167},[74,54910,249],{"class":106},[74,54912,2094],{"class":167},[74,54914,3284],{"class":106},[74,54916,54917,54919,54921,54923,54925,54927],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,54918,383],{"class":80},[74,54920,85],{"class":84},[74,54922,5617],{"class":80},[74,54924,114],{"class":106},[74,54926,11041],{"class":110},[74,54928,8299],{"class":106},[74,54930,54931],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,54932,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,54934,54935,54937,54939,54941,54943],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,54936,103],{"class":102},[74,54938,107],{"class":106},[74,54940,418],{"class":110},[74,54942,3311],{"class":106},[74,54944,20531],{"class":3314},[74,54946,54947,54949,54951,54953,54955],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,54948,103],{"class":102},[74,54950,107],{"class":106},[74,54952,7466],{"class":110},[74,54954,3311],{"class":106},[74,54956,54306],{"class":3314},[262,54958,571,54960,54962],{"id":54959},"using-clear-on-a-value-that-is-not-a-list",[15,54961,10980],{}," on a value that is not a list",[20,54964,54965,54966,54968],{},"Some types have a ",[15,54967,10980],{}," method, but not all of them.",[20,54970,54971],{},"This will fail:",[65,54973,54975],{"className":67,"code":54974,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.clear()\n",[15,54976,54977,54989],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,54978,54979,54981,54983,54985,54987],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,54980,81],{"class":80},[74,54982,85],{"class":84},[74,54984,89],{"class":88},[74,54986,3497],{"class":92},[74,54988,96],{"class":88},[74,54990,54991,54993,54995,54997],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,54992,111],{"class":80},[74,54994,114],{"class":106},[74,54996,11041],{"class":110},[74,54998,8299],{"class":106},[20,55000,55001,55002,33258],{},"A string does not have a ",[15,55003,10980],{},[20,55005,55006,55007,55009],{},"You may also get errors if your variable is ",[15,55008,3429],{}," or another unexpected type. If that happens, print the type first.",[20,55011,55012],{},"Useful checks:",[65,55014,55016],{"className":67,"code":55015,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(id(my_list))\nother = my_list\nmy_list.clear()\nprint(other)\n",[15,55017,55018,55028,55042,55056,55065,55075],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,55019,55020,55022,55024,55026],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,55021,103],{"class":102},[74,55023,107],{"class":106},[74,55025,7997],{"class":110},[74,55027,260],{"class":106},[74,55029,55030,55032,55034,55036,55038,55040],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,55031,103],{"class":102},[74,55033,107],{"class":106},[74,55035,1346],{"class":1345},[74,55037,107],{"class":106},[74,55039,7997],{"class":110},[74,55041,130],{"class":106},[74,55043,55044,55046,55048,55050,55052,55054],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,55045,103],{"class":102},[74,55047,107],{"class":106},[74,55049,12308],{"class":102},[74,55051,107],{"class":106},[74,55053,7997],{"class":110},[74,55055,130],{"class":106},[74,55057,55058,55060,55062],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,55059,43204],{"class":80},[74,55061,85],{"class":84},[74,55063,55064],{"class":80}," my_list\n",[74,55066,55067,55069,55071,55073],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,55068,7997],{"class":80},[74,55070,114],{"class":106},[74,55072,11041],{"class":110},[74,55074,8299],{"class":106},[74,55076,55077,55079,55081,55083],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,55078,103],{"class":102},[74,55080,107],{"class":106},[74,55082,30399],{"class":110},[74,55084,260],{"class":106},[20,55086,55087],{},"These can help you see:",[30,55089,55090,55093,55096],{},[33,55091,55092],{},"What the variable currently contains",[33,55094,55095],{},"Whether it is really a list",[33,55097,55098],{},"Whether two variables point to the same object",[20,55100,55101,55102,114],{},"If you run into method-related problems, you may also need help with ",[125,55103,55104],{"href":53948},"fixing attribute errors in Python",[60,55106,1471],{"id":1470},[262,55108,1517,55110,55112],{"id":55109},"does-listclear-delete-the-list",[15,55111,54001],{}," delete the list?",[20,55114,55115],{},"No. It keeps the list object but removes all items from it.",[262,55117,1517,55119,55121],{"id":55118},"does-listclear-return-a-new-list",[15,55120,54001],{}," return a new list?",[20,55123,55124,55125,55127],{},"No. It returns ",[15,55126,3429],{}," and changes the existing list in place.",[262,55129,4828,55131,51,55133,2135],{"id":55130},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-my_list",[15,55132,10980],{},[15,55134,54509],{},[20,55136,55137,55139,55140,55142],{},[15,55138,10980],{}," empties the same list object. ",[15,55141,54509],{}," points the variable to a new empty list.",[262,55144,27983,55146,55148],{"id":55145},"can-i-use-clear-on-other-types",[15,55147,10980],{}," on other types?",[20,55150,55151,55152,55154],{},"Some types like dictionaries and sets also have ",[15,55153,10980],{},", but strings and tuples do not.",[60,55156,1527],{"id":1526},[30,55158,55159,55163,55168,55175,55182,55188],{},[33,55160,55161],{},[125,55162,52423],{"href":54222},[33,55164,55165],{},[125,55166,55167],{"href":54719},"How to remove an item from a list in Python",[33,55169,55170],{},[125,55171,55172,55173,10399],{"href":54731},"Python list ",[15,55174,12421],{},[33,55176,55177],{},[125,55178,55172,55179,10399],{"href":54724},[15,55180,55181],{},"remove()",[33,55183,55184],{},[125,55185,55172,55186,10399],{"href":54612},[15,55187,12435],{},[33,55189,55190],{},[125,55191,30003,55192,33291],{"href":53948},[15,55193,55194],{},"'list' object has no attribute",[1566,55196,55197],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":70,"searchDepth":99,"depth":99,"links":55199},[55200,55201,55203,55204,55205,55206,55213,55214,55222,55232],{"id":3255,"depth":99,"text":3256},{"id":54066,"depth":99,"text":55202},"What list.clear() does",{"id":226,"depth":99,"text":227},{"id":356,"depth":99,"text":357},{"id":304,"depth":99,"text":305},{"id":54380,"depth":99,"text":55207,"children":55208},"clear() vs assigning []",[55209,55211],{"id":54418,"depth":133,"text":55210},"clear() empties the same list object",{"id":54506,"depth":133,"text":55212},"my_list = [] creates a new empty list",{"id":12096,"depth":99,"text":12467},{"id":4169,"depth":99,"text":4170,"children":55215},[55216,55218,55220],{"id":54739,"depth":133,"text":55217},"Writing my_list.clear instead of my_list.clear()",{"id":54879,"depth":133,"text":55219},"Expecting clear() to return the emptied list",{"id":54959,"depth":133,"text":55221},"Using clear() on a value that is not a list",{"id":1470,"depth":99,"text":1471,"children":55223},[55224,55226,55228,55230],{"id":55109,"depth":133,"text":55225},"Does list.clear() delete the list?",{"id":55118,"depth":133,"text":55227},"Does list.clear() return a new list?",{"id":55130,"depth":133,"text":55229},"What is the difference between clear() and my_list = []?",{"id":55145,"depth":133,"text":55231},"Can I use clear() on other types?",{"id":1526,"depth":99,"text":1527},"Master python list clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method",{"title":53988,"description":55233},"reference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method","99lr7F7Fwd7-AwSOSGz-bBA8zQ5YwXwJzSYBs0JP2O4",{"id":55240,"title":55241,"body":55242,"description":56927,"extension":1610,"meta":56928,"navigation":407,"path":56929,"seo":56930,"stem":56931,"__hash__":56932},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method.md","Python List copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":55243,"toc":56895},[55244,55249,55255,55263,55265,55354,55361,55366,55370,55384,55386,55463,55465,55526,55529,55531,55533,55554,55557,55571,55574,55619,55621,55629,55632,55638,55644,55647,55724,55726,55771,55774,55779,55862,55864,55905,55910,55914,55920,55922,55930,55933,56026,56028,56086,56089,56105,56110,56120,56125,56127,56132,56137,56140,56142,56199,56202,56255,56261,56266,56270,56287,56289,56373,56375,56416,56424,56426,56431,56437,56439,56502,56507,56577,56581,56616,56619,56621,56660,56664,56740,56746,56752,56757,56779,56782,56801,56809,56811,56817,56820,56827,56835,56840,56843,56847,56853,56861,56864,56866,56892],[10,55245,53994,55247,18],{"id":55246},"python-list-copy-method",[15,55248,12435],{},[20,55250,55251,55254],{},[15,55252,55253],{},"list.copy()"," creates a new list with the same items as an existing list.",[20,55256,55257,55258,13711,55260,55262],{},"This method is useful when you want to work with a list without changing the original one. It is especially important for beginners because using ",[15,55259,85],{},[332,55261,334],{}," make a real copy.",[60,55264,63],{"id":62},[65,55266,55268],{"className":67,"code":55267,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\nnew_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(new_numbers)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,55269,55270,55290,55305,55309,55324,55328,55341],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,55271,55272,55274,55276,55278,55280,55282,55284,55286,55288],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,55273,3266],{"class":80},[74,55275,85],{"class":84},[74,55277,3271],{"class":106},[74,55279,2632],{"class":167},[74,55281,249],{"class":106},[74,55283,620],{"class":167},[74,55285,249],{"class":106},[74,55287,2094],{"class":167},[74,55289,3284],{"class":106},[74,55291,55292,55295,55297,55299,55301,55303],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,55293,55294],{"class":80},"new_numbers ",[74,55296,85],{"class":84},[74,55298,3914],{"class":80},[74,55300,114],{"class":106},[74,55302,12570],{"class":110},[74,55304,8299],{"class":106},[74,55306,55307],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,55308,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,55310,55311,55314,55316,55318,55320,55322],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,55312,55313],{"class":80},"new_numbers",[74,55315,114],{"class":106},[74,55317,13210],{"class":110},[74,55319,107],{"class":106},[74,55321,2148],{"class":167},[74,55323,260],{"class":106},[74,55325,55326],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,55327,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,55329,55330,55332,55334,55336,55338],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,55331,103],{"class":102},[74,55333,107],{"class":106},[74,55335,3298],{"class":110},[74,55337,3311],{"class":106},[74,55339,55340],{"class":3314},"      # [1, 2, 3]\n",[74,55342,55343,55345,55347,55349,55351],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,55344,103],{"class":102},[74,55346,107],{"class":106},[74,55348,55313],{"class":110},[74,55350,3311],{"class":106},[74,55352,55353],{"class":3314},"  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,55355,176,55356,55358,55359,114],{},[15,55357,55253],{}," when you want a new list object with the same items. This is a ",[332,55360,12509],{},[60,55362,3328,55364,38],{"id":55363},"what-listcopy-does",[15,55365,55253],{},[20,55367,55368,679],{},[15,55369,55253],{},[30,55371,55372,55375,55378,55381],{},[33,55373,55374],{},"Creates a new list with the same items as the original list",[33,55376,55377],{},"Returns that new list",[33,55379,55380],{},"Makes the original list and copied list different objects",[33,55382,55383],{},"Lets you change the new list without affecting the original list when the list contains simple values like numbers or strings",[20,55385,506],{},[65,55387,55389],{"className":67,"code":55388,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ncopied_fruits = fruits.copy()\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(copied_fruits)\n",[15,55390,55391,55423,55438,55442,55452],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,55392,55393,55395,55397,55399,55401,55403,55405,55407,55409,55411,55413,55415,55417,55419,55421],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,55394,35895],{"class":80},[74,55396,85],{"class":84},[74,55398,3271],{"class":106},[74,55400,122],{"class":88},[74,55402,376],{"class":92},[74,55404,122],{"class":88},[74,55406,249],{"class":106},[74,55408,89],{"class":88},[74,55410,93],{"class":92},[74,55412,122],{"class":88},[74,55414,249],{"class":106},[74,55416,89],{"class":88},[74,55418,32878],{"class":92},[74,55420,122],{"class":88},[74,55422,3284],{"class":106},[74,55424,55425,55428,55430,55432,55434,55436],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,55426,55427],{"class":80},"copied_fruits ",[74,55429,85],{"class":84},[74,55431,52503],{"class":80},[74,55433,114],{"class":106},[74,55435,12570],{"class":110},[74,55437,8299],{"class":106},[74,55439,55440],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,55441,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,55443,55444,55446,55448,55450],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,55445,103],{"class":102},[74,55447,107],{"class":106},[74,55449,35947],{"class":110},[74,55451,260],{"class":106},[74,55453,55454,55456,55458,55461],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,55455,103],{"class":102},[74,55457,107],{"class":106},[74,55459,55460],{"class":110},"copied_fruits",[74,55462,260],{"class":106},[20,55464,157],{},[65,55466,55468],{"className":67,"code":55467,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,55469,55470,55498],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,55471,55472,55474,55476,55478,55480,55482,55484,55486,55488,55490,55492,55494,55496],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,55473,742],{"class":106},[74,55475,2946],{"class":88},[74,55477,376],{"class":92},[74,55479,2946],{"class":88},[74,55481,249],{"class":106},[74,55483,2941],{"class":88},[74,55485,93],{"class":92},[74,55487,2946],{"class":88},[74,55489,249],{"class":106},[74,55491,2941],{"class":88},[74,55493,32878],{"class":92},[74,55495,2946],{"class":88},[74,55497,3284],{"class":106},[74,55499,55500,55502,55504,55506,55508,55510,55512,55514,55516,55518,55520,55522,55524],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,55501,742],{"class":106},[74,55503,2946],{"class":88},[74,55505,376],{"class":92},[74,55507,2946],{"class":88},[74,55509,249],{"class":106},[74,55511,2941],{"class":88},[74,55513,93],{"class":92},[74,55515,2946],{"class":88},[74,55517,249],{"class":106},[74,55519,2941],{"class":88},[74,55521,32878],{"class":92},[74,55523,2946],{"class":88},[74,55525,3284],{"class":106},[20,55527,55528],{},"Even though the contents are the same, these are two different lists.",[60,55530,227],{"id":226},[20,55532,1802],{},[65,55534,55536],{"className":67,"code":55535,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"new_list = old_list.copy()\n",[15,55537,55538],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,55539,55540,55543,55545,55548,55550,55552],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,55541,55542],{"class":80},"new_list ",[74,55544,85],{"class":84},[74,55546,55547],{"class":80}," old_list",[74,55549,114],{"class":106},[74,55551,12570],{"class":110},[74,55553,8299],{"class":106},[20,55555,55556],{},"How it works:",[30,55558,55559,55565,55568],{},[33,55560,55561,55562,55564],{},"Call ",[15,55563,12435],{}," on an existing list",[33,55566,55567],{},"Save the returned value in a new variable",[33,55569,55570],{},"Use the new variable as your copied list",[20,55572,55573],{},"Example with an empty list:",[65,55575,55577],{"className":67,"code":55576,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"empty_list = []\nnew_empty_list = empty_list.copy()\n\nprint(new_empty_list)\n",[15,55578,55579,55588,55604,55608],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,55580,55581,55584,55586],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,55582,55583],{"class":80},"empty_list ",[74,55585,85],{"class":84},[74,55587,7495],{"class":106},[74,55589,55590,55593,55595,55598,55600,55602],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,55591,55592],{"class":80},"new_empty_list ",[74,55594,85],{"class":84},[74,55596,55597],{"class":80}," empty_list",[74,55599,114],{"class":106},[74,55601,12570],{"class":110},[74,55603,8299],{"class":106},[74,55605,55606],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,55607,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,55609,55610,55612,55614,55617],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,55611,103],{"class":102},[74,55613,107],{"class":106},[74,55615,55616],{"class":110},"new_empty_list",[74,55618,260],{"class":106},[20,55620,157],{},[65,55622,55623],{"className":67,"code":37953,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,55624,55625],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,55626,55627],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,55628,37953],{"class":106},[20,55630,55631],{},"This works for both empty and non-empty lists.",[60,55633,55635,55636],{"id":55634},"why-not-use","Why not use ",[15,55637,85],{},[20,55639,571,55640,13711,55642,52319],{},[15,55641,85],{},[332,55643,334],{},[20,55645,55646],{},"It only creates a new variable that points to the same list in memory.",[65,55648,55650],{"className":67,"code":55649,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nsame_list = numbers\n\nsame_list.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(same_list)\n",[15,55651,55652,55672,55681,55685,55700,55704,55714],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,55653,55654,55656,55658,55660,55662,55664,55666,55668,55670],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,55655,3266],{"class":80},[74,55657,85],{"class":84},[74,55659,3271],{"class":106},[74,55661,2632],{"class":167},[74,55663,249],{"class":106},[74,55665,620],{"class":167},[74,55667,249],{"class":106},[74,55669,2094],{"class":167},[74,55671,3284],{"class":106},[74,55673,55674,55677,55679],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,55675,55676],{"class":80},"same_list ",[74,55678,85],{"class":84},[74,55680,43636],{"class":80},[74,55682,55683],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,55684,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,55686,55687,55690,55692,55694,55696,55698],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,55688,55689],{"class":80},"same_list",[74,55691,114],{"class":106},[74,55693,13210],{"class":110},[74,55695,107],{"class":106},[74,55697,2148],{"class":167},[74,55699,260],{"class":106},[74,55701,55702],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,55703,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,55705,55706,55708,55710,55712],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,55707,103],{"class":102},[74,55709,107],{"class":106},[74,55711,3298],{"class":110},[74,55713,260],{"class":106},[74,55715,55716,55718,55720,55722],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,55717,103],{"class":102},[74,55719,107],{"class":106},[74,55721,55689],{"class":110},[74,55723,260],{"class":106},[20,55725,157],{},[65,55727,55729],{"className":67,"code":55728,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,55730,55731,55751],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,55732,55733,55735,55737,55739,55741,55743,55745,55747,55749],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,55734,742],{"class":106},[74,55736,2632],{"class":167},[74,55738,249],{"class":106},[74,55740,620],{"class":167},[74,55742,249],{"class":106},[74,55744,2094],{"class":167},[74,55746,249],{"class":106},[74,55748,2100],{"class":167},[74,55750,3284],{"class":106},[74,55752,55753,55755,55757,55759,55761,55763,55765,55767,55769],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,55754,742],{"class":106},[74,55756,2632],{"class":167},[74,55758,249],{"class":106},[74,55760,620],{"class":167},[74,55762,249],{"class":106},[74,55764,2094],{"class":167},[74,55766,249],{"class":106},[74,55768,2100],{"class":167},[74,55770,3284],{"class":106},[20,55772,55773],{},"Both variables refer to the same list, so changing one also changes the other.",[20,55775,55776,55777,679],{},"Now compare that with ",[15,55778,12435],{},[65,55780,55782],{"className":67,"code":55781,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\ncopied_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(copied_numbers)\n",[15,55783,55784,55804,55819,55823,55838,55842,55852],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,55785,55786,55788,55790,55792,55794,55796,55798,55800,55802],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,55787,3266],{"class":80},[74,55789,85],{"class":84},[74,55791,3271],{"class":106},[74,55793,2632],{"class":167},[74,55795,249],{"class":106},[74,55797,620],{"class":167},[74,55799,249],{"class":106},[74,55801,2094],{"class":167},[74,55803,3284],{"class":106},[74,55805,55806,55809,55811,55813,55815,55817],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,55807,55808],{"class":80},"copied_numbers ",[74,55810,85],{"class":84},[74,55812,3914],{"class":80},[74,55814,114],{"class":106},[74,55816,12570],{"class":110},[74,55818,8299],{"class":106},[74,55820,55821],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,55822,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,55824,55825,55828,55830,55832,55834,55836],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,55826,55827],{"class":80},"copied_numbers",[74,55829,114],{"class":106},[74,55831,13210],{"class":110},[74,55833,107],{"class":106},[74,55835,2148],{"class":167},[74,55837,260],{"class":106},[74,55839,55840],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,55841,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,55843,55844,55846,55848,55850],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,55845,103],{"class":102},[74,55847,107],{"class":106},[74,55849,3298],{"class":110},[74,55851,260],{"class":106},[74,55853,55854,55856,55858,55860],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,55855,103],{"class":102},[74,55857,107],{"class":106},[74,55859,55827],{"class":110},[74,55861,260],{"class":106},[20,55863,157],{},[65,55865,55867],{"className":67,"code":55866,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,55868,55869,55885],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,55870,55871,55873,55875,55877,55879,55881,55883],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,55872,742],{"class":106},[74,55874,2632],{"class":167},[74,55876,249],{"class":106},[74,55878,620],{"class":167},[74,55880,249],{"class":106},[74,55882,2094],{"class":167},[74,55884,3284],{"class":106},[74,55886,55887,55889,55891,55893,55895,55897,55899,55901,55903],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,55888,742],{"class":106},[74,55890,2632],{"class":167},[74,55892,249],{"class":106},[74,55894,620],{"class":167},[74,55896,249],{"class":106},[74,55898,2094],{"class":167},[74,55900,249],{"class":106},[74,55902,2100],{"class":167},[74,55904,3284],{"class":106},[20,55906,55907,55908,114],{},"If you want to learn more about creating and working with lists, see ",[125,55909,52423],{"href":50631},[60,55911,55913],{"id":55912},"shallow-copy-meaning","Shallow copy meaning",[20,55915,55916,12506,55918,114],{},[15,55917,55253],{},[332,55919,12509],{},[20,55921,776],{},[30,55923,55924,55927],{},[33,55925,55926],{},"The outer list is new",[33,55928,55929],{},"But nested mutable items inside it can still be shared",[20,55931,55932],{},"This matters when your list contains other lists.",[65,55934,55936],{"className":67,"code":55935,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,55937,55938,55965,55979,55983,56002,56006,56016],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,55939,55940,55942,55944,55947,55949,55951,55953,55955,55957,55959,55961,55963],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,55941,11744],{"class":80},[74,55943,85],{"class":84},[74,55945,55946],{"class":106}," [[",[74,55948,2632],{"class":167},[74,55950,249],{"class":106},[74,55952,620],{"class":167},[74,55954,17717],{"class":106},[74,55956,3271],{"class":106},[74,55958,321],{"class":167},[74,55960,249],{"class":106},[74,55962,2100],{"class":167},[74,55964,52894],{"class":106},[74,55966,55967,55969,55971,55973,55975,55977],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,55968,13969],{"class":80},[74,55970,85],{"class":84},[74,55972,11819],{"class":80},[74,55974,114],{"class":106},[74,55976,12570],{"class":110},[74,55978,8299],{"class":106},[74,55980,55981],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,55982,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,55984,55985,55987,55989,55991,55993,55995,55997,56000],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,55986,13988],{"class":80},[74,55988,742],{"class":106},[74,55990,327],{"class":167},[74,55992,13207],{"class":106},[74,55994,13210],{"class":110},[74,55996,107],{"class":106},[74,55998,55999],{"class":167},"99",[74,56001,260],{"class":106},[74,56003,56004],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,56005,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,56007,56008,56010,56012,56014],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,56009,103],{"class":102},[74,56011,107],{"class":106},[74,56013,11791],{"class":110},[74,56015,260],{"class":106},[74,56017,56018,56020,56022,56024],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,56019,103],{"class":102},[74,56021,107],{"class":106},[74,56023,13988],{"class":110},[74,56025,260],{"class":106},[20,56027,157],{},[65,56029,56031],{"className":67,"code":56030,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,56032,56033,56060],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,56034,56035,56038,56040,56042,56044,56046,56048,56050,56052,56054,56056,56058],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,56036,56037],{"class":106},"[[",[74,56039,2632],{"class":167},[74,56041,249],{"class":106},[74,56043,620],{"class":167},[74,56045,249],{"class":106},[74,56047,9854],{"class":167},[74,56049,17717],{"class":106},[74,56051,3271],{"class":106},[74,56053,321],{"class":167},[74,56055,249],{"class":106},[74,56057,2100],{"class":167},[74,56059,52894],{"class":106},[74,56061,56062,56064,56066,56068,56070,56072,56074,56076,56078,56080,56082,56084],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,56063,56037],{"class":106},[74,56065,2632],{"class":167},[74,56067,249],{"class":106},[74,56069,620],{"class":167},[74,56071,249],{"class":106},[74,56073,9854],{"class":167},[74,56075,17717],{"class":106},[74,56077,3271],{"class":106},[74,56079,321],{"class":167},[74,56081,249],{"class":106},[74,56083,2100],{"class":167},[74,56085,52894],{"class":106},[20,56087,56088],{},"Why did both change?",[30,56090,56091,56098],{},[33,56092,56093,51,56095,56097],{},[15,56094,11791],{},[15,56096,13988],{}," are different outer lists",[33,56099,56100,56101,56104],{},"But the inner list ",[15,56102,56103],{},"original[0]"," is the same object in both lists",[20,56106,53305,56107,56109],{},[15,56108,12435],{}," is usually safe for simple lists like:",[30,56111,56112,56115,56118],{},[33,56113,56114],{},"Numbers",[33,56116,56117],{},"Strings",[33,56119,40252],{},[20,56121,56122,56123,114],{},"If you need to understand this better, read ",[125,56124,13448],{"href":13447},[60,56126,305],{"id":304},[20,56128,56129,56131],{},[15,56130,55253],{}," returns a new list.",[20,56133,330,56134,56136],{},[332,56135,334],{}," change the original list by itself.",[20,56138,56139],{},"You must save the result if you want to use the copied list.",[20,56141,16314],{},[65,56143,56145],{"className":67,"code":56144,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,56146,56147,56171,56185,56189],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,56148,56149,56151,56153,56155,56157,56159,56161,56163,56165,56167,56169],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,56150,12732],{"class":80},[74,56152,85],{"class":84},[74,56154,3271],{"class":106},[74,56156,122],{"class":88},[74,56158,12749],{"class":92},[74,56160,122],{"class":88},[74,56162,249],{"class":106},[74,56164,89],{"class":88},[74,56166,12766],{"class":92},[74,56168,122],{"class":88},[74,56170,3284],{"class":106},[74,56172,56173,56175,56177,56179,56181,56183],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,56174,12775],{"class":80},[74,56176,85],{"class":84},[74,56178,12780],{"class":80},[74,56180,114],{"class":106},[74,56182,12570],{"class":110},[74,56184,8299],{"class":106},[74,56186,56187],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,56188,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,56190,56191,56193,56195,56197],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,56192,103],{"class":102},[74,56194,107],{"class":106},[74,56196,12799],{"class":110},[74,56198,260],{"class":106},[20,56200,56201],{},"Incorrect if you expected a saved copy:",[65,56203,56205],{"className":67,"code":56204,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.copy()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,56206,56207,56231,56241,56245],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,56208,56209,56211,56213,56215,56217,56219,56221,56223,56225,56227,56229],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,56210,12732],{"class":80},[74,56212,85],{"class":84},[74,56214,3271],{"class":106},[74,56216,122],{"class":88},[74,56218,12749],{"class":92},[74,56220,122],{"class":88},[74,56222,249],{"class":106},[74,56224,89],{"class":88},[74,56226,12766],{"class":92},[74,56228,122],{"class":88},[74,56230,3284],{"class":106},[74,56232,56233,56235,56237,56239],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,56234,17157],{"class":80},[74,56236,114],{"class":106},[74,56238,12570],{"class":110},[74,56240,8299],{"class":106},[74,56242,56243],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,56244,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,56246,56247,56249,56251,56253],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,56248,103],{"class":102},[74,56250,107],{"class":106},[74,56252,17157],{"class":110},[74,56254,260],{"class":106},[20,56256,56257,56258,56260],{},"In the second example, ",[15,56259,12435],{}," runs, but the returned list is not stored anywhere.",[60,56262,1260,56264],{"id":56263},"when-to-use-listcopy",[15,56265,55253],{},[20,56267,176,56268,10259],{},[15,56269,55253],{},[30,56271,56272,56275,56278,56281],{},[33,56273,56274],{},"You want to edit a list without changing the original",[33,56276,56277],{},"You want to pass a list to code that may modify it",[33,56279,56280],{},"You want a simple backup before making changes",[33,56282,56283,56284],{},"You want a clear alternative to slicing with ",[15,56285,56286],{},"[:]",[20,56288,506],{},[65,56290,56292],{"className":67,"code":56291,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"scores = [10, 20, 30]\nbackup_scores = scores.copy()\n\nscores.append(40)\n\nprint(scores)\nprint(backup_scores)\n",[15,56293,56294,56314,56329,56333,56348,56352,56362],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,56295,56296,56298,56300,56302,56304,56306,56308,56310,56312],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,56297,4715],{"class":80},[74,56299,85],{"class":84},[74,56301,3271],{"class":106},[74,56303,1972],{"class":167},[74,56305,249],{"class":106},[74,56307,7446],{"class":167},[74,56309,249],{"class":106},[74,56311,7451],{"class":167},[74,56313,3284],{"class":106},[74,56315,56316,56319,56321,56323,56325,56327],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,56317,56318],{"class":80},"backup_scores ",[74,56320,85],{"class":84},[74,56322,4762],{"class":80},[74,56324,114],{"class":106},[74,56326,12570],{"class":110},[74,56328,8299],{"class":106},[74,56330,56331],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,56332,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,56334,56335,56337,56339,56341,56343,56346],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,56336,16047],{"class":80},[74,56338,114],{"class":106},[74,56340,13210],{"class":110},[74,56342,107],{"class":106},[74,56344,56345],{"class":167},"40",[74,56347,260],{"class":106},[74,56349,56350],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,56351,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,56353,56354,56356,56358,56360],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,56355,103],{"class":102},[74,56357,107],{"class":106},[74,56359,16047],{"class":110},[74,56361,260],{"class":106},[74,56363,56364,56366,56368,56371],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,56365,103],{"class":102},[74,56367,107],{"class":106},[74,56369,56370],{"class":110},"backup_scores",[74,56372,260],{"class":106},[20,56374,157],{},[65,56376,56378],{"className":67,"code":56377,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"[10, 20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,56379,56380,56400],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,56381,56382,56384,56386,56388,56390,56392,56394,56396,56398],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,56383,742],{"class":106},[74,56385,1972],{"class":167},[74,56387,249],{"class":106},[74,56389,7446],{"class":167},[74,56391,249],{"class":106},[74,56393,7451],{"class":167},[74,56395,249],{"class":106},[74,56397,50495],{"class":167},[74,56399,3284],{"class":106},[74,56401,56402,56404,56406,56408,56410,56412,56414],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,56403,742],{"class":106},[74,56405,1972],{"class":167},[74,56407,249],{"class":106},[74,56409,7446],{"class":167},[74,56411,249],{"class":106},[74,56413,7451],{"class":167},[74,56415,3284],{"class":106},[20,56417,56418,56419,114],{},"If you want to add items after copying, see ",[125,56420,55172,56422,10399],{"href":56421},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method\u002F",[15,56423,52305],{},[60,56425,4170],{"id":4169},[20,56427,56428,56429,114],{},"Here are the most common problems with ",[15,56430,55253],{},[262,56432,571,56434,56436],{"id":56433},"using-and-expecting-a-real-copy",[15,56435,85],{}," and expecting a real copy",[20,56438,38855],{},[65,56440,56442],{"className":67,"code":56441,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56443,56444,56464,56472,56486,56490],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,56445,56446,56448,56450,56452,56454,56456,56458,56460,56462],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,56447,2198],{"class":80},[74,56449,85],{"class":84},[74,56451,3271],{"class":106},[74,56453,2632],{"class":167},[74,56455,249],{"class":106},[74,56457,620],{"class":167},[74,56459,249],{"class":106},[74,56461,2094],{"class":167},[74,56463,3284],{"class":106},[74,56465,56466,56468,56470],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,56467,2226],{"class":80},[74,56469,85],{"class":84},[74,56471,35831],{"class":80},[74,56473,56474,56476,56478,56480,56482,56484],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,56475,4412],{"class":80},[74,56477,114],{"class":106},[74,56479,13210],{"class":110},[74,56481,107],{"class":106},[74,56483,2148],{"class":167},[74,56485,260],{"class":106},[74,56487,56488],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,56489,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,56491,56492,56494,56496,56498,56500],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,56493,103],{"class":102},[74,56495,107],{"class":106},[74,56497,125],{"class":110},[74,56499,3311],{"class":106},[74,56501,55353],{"class":3314},[20,56503,56504,56505,6284],{},"Fix: use ",[15,56506,12435],{},[65,56508,56510],{"className":67,"code":56509,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a.copy()\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,56511,56512,56532,56547,56561,56565],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,56513,56514,56516,56518,56520,56522,56524,56526,56528,56530],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,56515,2198],{"class":80},[74,56517,85],{"class":84},[74,56519,3271],{"class":106},[74,56521,2632],{"class":167},[74,56523,249],{"class":106},[74,56525,620],{"class":167},[74,56527,249],{"class":106},[74,56529,2094],{"class":167},[74,56531,3284],{"class":106},[74,56533,56534,56536,56538,56541,56543,56545],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,56535,2226],{"class":80},[74,56537,85],{"class":84},[74,56539,56540],{"class":80}," a",[74,56542,114],{"class":106},[74,56544,12570],{"class":110},[74,56546,8299],{"class":106},[74,56548,56549,56551,56553,56555,56557,56559],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,56550,4412],{"class":80},[74,56552,114],{"class":106},[74,56554,13210],{"class":110},[74,56556,107],{"class":106},[74,56558,2148],{"class":167},[74,56560,260],{"class":106},[74,56562,56563],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,56564,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,56566,56567,56569,56571,56573,56575],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,56568,103],{"class":102},[74,56570,107],{"class":106},[74,56572,125],{"class":110},[74,56574,3311],{"class":106},[74,56576,54584],{"class":3314},[262,56578,56580],{"id":56579},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-list","Forgetting to save the returned list",[65,56582,56584],{"className":67,"code":56583,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.copy()\n",[15,56585,56586,56606],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,56587,56588,56590,56592,56594,56596,56598,56600,56602,56604],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,56589,3266],{"class":80},[74,56591,85],{"class":84},[74,56593,3271],{"class":106},[74,56595,2632],{"class":167},[74,56597,249],{"class":106},[74,56599,620],{"class":167},[74,56601,249],{"class":106},[74,56603,2094],{"class":167},[74,56605,3284],{"class":106},[74,56607,56608,56610,56612,56614],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,56609,3298],{"class":80},[74,56611,114],{"class":106},[74,56613,12570],{"class":110},[74,56615,8299],{"class":106},[20,56617,56618],{},"This creates a copy, but you do not keep it.",[20,56620,38918],{},[65,56622,56624],{"className":67,"code":56623,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n",[15,56625,56626,56646],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,56627,56628,56630,56632,56634,56636,56638,56640,56642,56644],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,56629,3266],{"class":80},[74,56631,85],{"class":84},[74,56633,3271],{"class":106},[74,56635,2632],{"class":167},[74,56637,249],{"class":106},[74,56639,620],{"class":167},[74,56641,249],{"class":106},[74,56643,2094],{"class":167},[74,56645,3284],{"class":106},[74,56647,56648,56650,56652,56654,56656,56658],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,56649,55808],{"class":80},[74,56651,85],{"class":84},[74,56653,3914],{"class":80},[74,56655,114],{"class":106},[74,56657,12570],{"class":110},[74,56659,8299],{"class":106},[262,56661,56663],{"id":56662},"assuming-nested-lists-are-fully-copied","Assuming nested lists are fully copied",[65,56665,56667],{"className":67,"code":56666,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"a = [[1], [2]]\nb = a.copy()\n\nb[0].append(99)\n\nprint(a)  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[15,56668,56669,56687,56701,56705,56723,56727],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,56670,56671,56673,56675,56677,56679,56681,56683,56685],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,56672,2198],{"class":80},[74,56674,85],{"class":84},[74,56676,55946],{"class":106},[74,56678,2632],{"class":167},[74,56680,17717],{"class":106},[74,56682,3271],{"class":106},[74,56684,687],{"class":167},[74,56686,52894],{"class":106},[74,56688,56689,56691,56693,56695,56697,56699],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,56690,2226],{"class":80},[74,56692,85],{"class":84},[74,56694,56540],{"class":80},[74,56696,114],{"class":106},[74,56698,12570],{"class":110},[74,56700,8299],{"class":106},[74,56702,56703],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,56704,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,56706,56707,56709,56711,56713,56715,56717,56719,56721],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,56708,4412],{"class":80},[74,56710,742],{"class":106},[74,56712,327],{"class":167},[74,56714,13207],{"class":106},[74,56716,13210],{"class":110},[74,56718,107],{"class":106},[74,56720,55999],{"class":167},[74,56722,260],{"class":106},[74,56724,56725],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,56726,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,56728,56729,56731,56733,56735,56737],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,56730,103],{"class":102},[74,56732,107],{"class":106},[74,56734,125],{"class":110},[74,56736,3311],{"class":106},[74,56738,56739],{"class":3314},"  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[20,56741,56742,56743,56745],{},"Fix: remember that ",[15,56744,55253],{}," is shallow.",[262,56747,25273,56749,56751],{"id":56748},"trying-to-use-copy-on-the-wrong-data-type",[15,56750,12435],{}," on the wrong data type",[20,56753,56754,56756],{},[15,56755,12435],{}," here is a list method, so the value must be a list.",[65,56758,56760],{"className":67,"code":56759,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"name = \"Alice\"\n# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[15,56761,56762,56774],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,56763,56764,56766,56768,56770,56772],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,56765,7533],{"class":80},[74,56767,85],{"class":84},[74,56769,89],{"class":88},[74,56771,4655],{"class":92},[74,56773,96],{"class":88},[74,56775,56776],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,56777,56778],{"class":3314},"# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[20,56780,56781],{},"If you are not sure what the variable contains, check its type:",[65,56783,56785],{"className":67,"code":56784,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(type(name))\n",[15,56786,56787],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,56788,56789,56791,56793,56795,56797,56799],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,56790,103],{"class":102},[74,56792,107],{"class":106},[74,56794,1346],{"class":1345},[74,56796,107],{"class":106},[74,56798,7323],{"class":110},[74,56800,130],{"class":106},[20,56802,56803,56804,56808],{},"You can also review ",[125,56805,56807],{"href":56806},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list\u002F","creating a list in Python"," if you need a quick refresher.",[60,56810,1471],{"id":1470},[262,56812,1517,56814,56816],{"id":56813},"does-listcopy-change-the-original-list",[15,56815,55253],{}," change the original list?",[20,56818,56819],{},"No. It returns a new list. The original list stays the same unless you change it separately.",[262,56821,4828,56823,51,56825,2135],{"id":56822},"what-is-the-difference-between-listcopy-and",[15,56824,55253],{},[15,56826,85],{},[20,56828,56829,56831,56832,56834],{},[15,56830,12435],{}," creates a new list. ",[15,56833,85],{}," creates another reference to the same list.",[262,56836,1485,56838,14563],{"id":56837},"is-listcopy-a-deep-copy",[15,56839,55253],{},[20,56841,56842],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable items are still shared.",[262,56844,56846],{"id":56845},"can-i-copy-an-empty-list","Can I copy an empty list?",[20,56848,41807,56849,56852],{},[15,56850,56851],{},"empty_list.copy()"," returns another empty list.",[262,56854,1485,56856,56858,56859,2135],{"id":56855},"is-listcopy-the-same-as",[15,56857,55253],{}," the same as ",[15,56860,56286],{},[20,56862,56863],{},"For basic list copying, yes. Both create a shallow copy of the list.",[60,56865,1527],{"id":1526},[30,56867,56868,56873,56877,56882,56888],{},[33,56869,56870],{},[125,56871,14622],{"href":56872},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python\u002F",[33,56874,56875],{},[125,56876,52423],{"href":50631},[33,56878,56879],{},[125,56880,56881],{"href":56806},"Creating a list in Python",[33,56883,56884],{},[125,56885,55172,56886,10399],{"href":56421},[15,56887,52305],{},[33,56889,56890],{},[125,56891,13448],{"href":13447},[1566,56893,56894],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":70,"searchDepth":99,"depth":99,"links":56896},[56897,56898,56900,56901,56903,56904,56905,56907,56915,56926],{"id":62,"depth":99,"text":63},{"id":55363,"depth":99,"text":56899},"What list.copy() does",{"id":226,"depth":99,"text":227},{"id":55634,"depth":99,"text":56902},"Why not use =",{"id":55912,"depth":99,"text":55913},{"id":304,"depth":99,"text":305},{"id":56263,"depth":99,"text":56906},"When to use list.copy()",{"id":4169,"depth":99,"text":4170,"children":56908},[56909,56911,56912,56913],{"id":56433,"depth":133,"text":56910},"Using = and expecting a real copy",{"id":56579,"depth":133,"text":56580},{"id":56662,"depth":133,"text":56663},{"id":56748,"depth":133,"text":56914},"Trying to use copy() on the wrong data type",{"id":1470,"depth":99,"text":1471,"children":56916},[56917,56919,56921,56923,56924],{"id":56813,"depth":133,"text":56918},"Does list.copy() change the original list?",{"id":56822,"depth":133,"text":56920},"What is the difference between list.copy() and =?",{"id":56837,"depth":133,"text":56922},"Is list.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":56845,"depth":133,"text":56846},{"id":56855,"depth":133,"text":56925},"Is list.copy() the same as [:]?",{"id":1526,"depth":99,"text":1527},"Master python list copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method",{"title":55241,"description":56927},"reference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method","11yUo2QbfqRZ7h2dQr_jV0K1th-3cpd3G63JAUj7QoI",{"id":56934,"title":56935,"body":56936,"description":58672,"extension":1610,"meta":58673,"navigation":407,"path":58674,"seo":58675,"stem":58676,"__hash__":58677},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method.md","Python List count() Method",{"type":7,"value":56937,"toc":58632},[56938,56943,56949,56952,56963,56966,56968,57031,57037,57042,57046,57060,57063,57068,57073,57075,57077,57096,57108,57110,57177,57179,57187,57192,57194,57202,57205,57222,57224,57348,57359,57363,57368,57371,57373,57391,57395,57481,57489,57497,57566,57568,57571,57583,57588,57592,57663,57666,57670,57674,57739,57741,57749,57753,57836,57838,57846,57850,57911,57913,57921,57925,58012,58014,58022,58026,58031,58034,58045,58047,58132,58137,58146,58148,58152,58156,58161,58223,58227,58235,58241,58250,58255,58304,58307,58328,58332,58394,58401,58406,58409,58496,58499,58510,58512,58532,58534,58540,58543,58547,58551,58557,58560,58566,58573,58581,58592,58594,58629],[10,56939,53994,56941,18],{"id":56940},"python-list-count-method",[15,56942,17],{},[20,56944,56945,56948],{},[15,56946,56947],{},"list.count()"," tells you how many times one value appears in a list.",[20,56950,56951],{},"It is a useful method when you want to:",[30,56953,56954,56957,56960],{},[33,56955,56956],{},"count one specific item",[33,56958,56959],{},"check whether a value appears more than once",[33,56961,56962],{},"quickly see how many matches exist",[20,56964,56965],{},"It returns a number and does not change the original list.",[60,56967,3256],{"id":3255},[65,56969,56971],{"className":67,"code":56970,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 2]\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,56972,56973,57001,57019],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,56974,56975,56977,56979,56981,56983,56985,56987,56989,56991,56993,56995,56997,56999],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,56976,3266],{"class":80},[74,56978,85],{"class":84},[74,56980,3271],{"class":106},[74,56982,2632],{"class":167},[74,56984,249],{"class":106},[74,56986,620],{"class":167},[74,56988,249],{"class":106},[74,56990,620],{"class":167},[74,56992,249],{"class":106},[74,56994,2094],{"class":167},[74,56996,249],{"class":106},[74,56998,620],{"class":167},[74,57000,3284],{"class":106},[74,57002,57003,57005,57007,57009,57011,57013,57015,57017],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,57004,383],{"class":80},[74,57006,85],{"class":84},[74,57008,3914],{"class":80},[74,57010,114],{"class":106},[74,57012,117],{"class":110},[74,57014,107],{"class":106},[74,57016,687],{"class":167},[74,57018,260],{"class":106},[74,57020,57021,57023,57025,57027,57029],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,57022,103],{"class":102},[74,57024,107],{"class":106},[74,57026,418],{"class":110},[74,57028,3311],{"class":106},[74,57030,50422],{"class":3314},[20,57032,176,57033,57036],{},[15,57034,57035],{},"list.count(value)"," to count how many times one value appears in a list.",[60,57038,3328,57040,38],{"id":57039},"what-listcount-does",[15,57041,56947],{},[20,57043,57044,679],{},[15,57045,56947],{},[30,57047,57048,57051,57054,57057],{},[33,57049,57050],{},"counts how many times a given value appears in a list",[33,57052,57053],{},"returns an integer",[33,57055,57056],{},"does not change the original list",[33,57058,57059],{},"checks for exact matches",[20,57061,57062],{},"This means Python looks through the whole list and compares each item to the value you gave it.",[20,57064,57065,57066,114],{},"If the value appears 3 times, the method returns ",[15,57067,321],{},[20,57069,57070,57071,114],{},"If it does not appear at all, the method returns ",[15,57072,327],{},[60,57074,227],{"id":226},[20,57076,1802],{},[65,57078,57080],{"className":67,"code":57079,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"my_list.count(value)\n",[15,57081,57082],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,57083,57084,57086,57088,57090,57092,57094],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,57085,7997],{"class":80},[74,57087,114],{"class":106},[74,57089,117],{"class":110},[74,57091,107],{"class":106},[74,57093,246],{"class":110},[74,57095,260],{"class":106},[30,57097,57098,57103],{},[33,57099,57100,57102],{},[15,57101,7997],{}," is the list you want to search",[33,57104,57105,57107],{},[15,57106,246],{}," is the item you want to count",[20,57109,506],{},[65,57111,57113],{"className":67,"code":57112,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"a\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,57114,57115,57155],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,57116,57117,57119,57121,57123,57125,57127,57129,57131,57133,57135,57137,57139,57141,57143,57145,57147,57149,57151,57153],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,57118,35746],{"class":80},[74,57120,85],{"class":84},[74,57122,3271],{"class":106},[74,57124,122],{"class":88},[74,57126,125],{"class":92},[74,57128,122],{"class":88},[74,57130,249],{"class":106},[74,57132,89],{"class":88},[74,57134,4412],{"class":92},[74,57136,122],{"class":88},[74,57138,249],{"class":106},[74,57140,89],{"class":88},[74,57142,125],{"class":92},[74,57144,122],{"class":88},[74,57146,249],{"class":106},[74,57148,89],{"class":88},[74,57150,9396],{"class":92},[74,57152,122],{"class":88},[74,57154,3284],{"class":106},[74,57156,57157,57159,57161,57163,57165,57167,57169,57171,57173,57175],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,57158,103],{"class":102},[74,57160,107],{"class":106},[74,57162,35799],{"class":110},[74,57164,114],{"class":106},[74,57166,117],{"class":110},[74,57168,107],{"class":106},[74,57170,122],{"class":88},[74,57172,125],{"class":92},[74,57174,122],{"class":88},[74,57176,130],{"class":106},[20,57178,157],{},[65,57180,57181],{"className":67,"code":173,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,57182,57183],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,57184,57185],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,57186,173],{"class":167},[20,57188,57189,57190,114],{},"Python checks the whole list. If the value is not found, it returns ",[15,57191,327],{},[60,57193,37676],{"id":37675},[20,57195,57196,57197,57199,57200,114],{},"The return value from ",[15,57198,17],{}," is always an ",[15,57201,1831],{},[20,57203,57204],{},"Possible results:",[30,57206,57207,57212,57217],{},[33,57208,57209,57211],{},[15,57210,327],{}," if the value does not exist in the list",[33,57213,57214,57216],{},[15,57215,2632],{}," if it appears once",[33,57218,57219,57221],{},[15,57220,687],{}," or more if it appears multiple times",[20,57223,506],{},[65,57225,57227],{"className":67,"code":57226,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nprint(colors.count(\"blue\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))    # 1\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\")) # 0\n",[15,57228,57229,57269,57273,57298,57323],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,57230,57231,57233,57235,57237,57239,57241,57243,57245,57247,57249,57251,57253,57255,57257,57259,57261,57263,57265,57267],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,57232,12732],{"class":80},[74,57234,85],{"class":84},[74,57236,3271],{"class":106},[74,57238,122],{"class":88},[74,57240,12749],{"class":92},[74,57242,122],{"class":88},[74,57244,249],{"class":106},[74,57246,89],{"class":88},[74,57248,12766],{"class":92},[74,57250,122],{"class":88},[74,57252,249],{"class":106},[74,57254,89],{"class":88},[74,57256,17110],{"class":92},[74,57258,122],{"class":88},[74,57260,249],{"class":106},[74,57262,89],{"class":88},[74,57264,12766],{"class":92},[74,57266,122],{"class":88},[74,57268,3284],{"class":106},[74,57270,57271],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,57272,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,57274,57275,57277,57279,57281,57283,57285,57287,57289,57291,57293,57295],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,57276,103],{"class":102},[74,57278,107],{"class":106},[74,57280,17157],{"class":110},[74,57282,114],{"class":106},[74,57284,117],{"class":110},[74,57286,107],{"class":106},[74,57288,122],{"class":88},[74,57290,12766],{"class":92},[74,57292,122],{"class":88},[74,57294,5011],{"class":106},[74,57296,57297],{"class":3314},"   # 2\n",[74,57299,57300,57302,57304,57306,57308,57310,57312,57314,57316,57318,57320],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,57301,103],{"class":102},[74,57303,107],{"class":106},[74,57305,17157],{"class":110},[74,57307,114],{"class":106},[74,57309,117],{"class":110},[74,57311,107],{"class":106},[74,57313,122],{"class":88},[74,57315,12749],{"class":92},[74,57317,122],{"class":88},[74,57319,5011],{"class":106},[74,57321,57322],{"class":3314},"    # 1\n",[74,57324,57325,57327,57329,57331,57333,57335,57337,57339,57341,57343,57345],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,57326,103],{"class":102},[74,57328,107],{"class":106},[74,57330,17157],{"class":110},[74,57332,114],{"class":106},[74,57334,117],{"class":110},[74,57336,107],{"class":106},[74,57338,122],{"class":88},[74,57340,22180],{"class":92},[74,57342,122],{"class":88},[74,57344,5011],{"class":106},[74,57346,57347],{"class":3314}," # 0\n",[20,57349,57350,57351,57353,57354,57356,57357,114],{},"If you only want to know whether a value exists, ",[15,57352,17],{}," works, but using ",[15,57355,351],{}," is often simpler. See ",[125,57358,5850],{"href":5849},[60,57360,57362],{"id":57361},"how-matching-works","How matching works",[20,57364,57365,57367],{},[15,57366,56947],{}," uses equality matching.",[20,57369,57370],{},"That means Python checks whether each item is equal to the value you passed in.",[20,57372,43305],{},[30,57374,57375,57378,57381,57388],{},[33,57376,57377],{},"matches are based on equality",[33,57379,57380],{},"strings are case-sensitive",[33,57382,57383,51,57385,57387],{},[15,57384,2632],{},[15,57386,338],{}," may compare as equal in Python",[33,57389,57390],{},"nested lists can be counted if the entire nested list matches",[262,57392,57394],{"id":57393},"strings-are-case-sensitive","Strings are case-sensitive",[65,57396,57398],{"className":67,"code":57397,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"words = [\"apple\", \"Apple\", \"apple\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\nprint(words.count(\"Apple\"))  # 1\n",[15,57399,57400,57433,57457],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,57401,57402,57404,57406,57408,57410,57412,57414,57416,57418,57421,57423,57425,57427,57429,57431],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,57403,3722],{"class":80},[74,57405,85],{"class":84},[74,57407,3271],{"class":106},[74,57409,122],{"class":88},[74,57411,376],{"class":92},[74,57413,122],{"class":88},[74,57415,249],{"class":106},[74,57417,89],{"class":88},[74,57419,57420],{"class":92},"Apple",[74,57422,122],{"class":88},[74,57424,249],{"class":106},[74,57426,89],{"class":88},[74,57428,376],{"class":92},[74,57430,122],{"class":88},[74,57432,3284],{"class":106},[74,57434,57435,57437,57439,57441,57443,57445,57447,57449,57451,57453,57455],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,57436,103],{"class":102},[74,57438,107],{"class":106},[74,57440,3764],{"class":110},[74,57442,114],{"class":106},[74,57444,117],{"class":110},[74,57446,107],{"class":106},[74,57448,122],{"class":88},[74,57450,376],{"class":92},[74,57452,122],{"class":88},[74,57454,5011],{"class":106},[74,57456,51067],{"class":3314},[74,57458,57459,57461,57463,57465,57467,57469,57471,57473,57475,57477,57479],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,57460,103],{"class":102},[74,57462,107],{"class":106},[74,57464,3764],{"class":110},[74,57466,114],{"class":106},[74,57468,117],{"class":110},[74,57470,107],{"class":106},[74,57472,122],{"class":88},[74,57474,57420],{"class":92},[74,57476,122],{"class":88},[74,57478,5011],{"class":106},[74,57480,27434],{"class":3314},[20,57482,57483,51,57485,57488],{},[15,57484,440],{},[15,57486,57487],{},"\"Apple\""," are different strings.",[262,57490,57492,51,57494,57496],{"id":57491},"_1-and-true-can-match",[15,57493,2632],{},[15,57495,338],{}," can match",[65,57498,57500],{"className":67,"code":57499,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"values = [1, True, 2, 1]\nprint(values.count(1))     # 3\nprint(values.count(True))  # 3\n",[15,57501,57502,57526,57546],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,57503,57504,57506,57508,57510,57512,57514,57516,57518,57520,57522,57524],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,57505,3474],{"class":80},[74,57507,85],{"class":84},[74,57509,3271],{"class":106},[74,57511,2632],{"class":167},[74,57513,249],{"class":106},[74,57515,3567],{"class":3504},[74,57517,249],{"class":106},[74,57519,620],{"class":167},[74,57521,249],{"class":106},[74,57523,5148],{"class":167},[74,57525,3284],{"class":106},[74,57527,57528,57530,57532,57534,57536,57538,57540,57542,57544],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,57529,103],{"class":102},[74,57531,107],{"class":106},[74,57533,5008],{"class":110},[74,57535,114],{"class":106},[74,57537,117],{"class":110},[74,57539,107],{"class":106},[74,57541,2632],{"class":167},[74,57543,5011],{"class":106},[74,57545,50570],{"class":3314},[74,57547,57548,57550,57552,57554,57556,57558,57560,57562,57564],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,57549,103],{"class":102},[74,57551,107],{"class":106},[74,57553,5008],{"class":110},[74,57555,114],{"class":106},[74,57557,117],{"class":110},[74,57559,107],{"class":106},[74,57561,338],{"class":3504},[74,57563,5011],{"class":106},[74,57565,50422],{"class":3314},[20,57567,4061],{},[20,57569,57570],{},"In Python:",[30,57572,57573,57578],{},[33,57574,57575],{},[15,57576,57577],{},"True == 1",[33,57579,57580],{},[15,57581,57582],{},"False == 0",[20,57584,53305,57585,57587],{},[15,57586,17],{}," may include both booleans and integers when they compare as equal.",[262,57589,57591],{"id":57590},"nested-lists-must-match-exactly","Nested lists must match exactly",[65,57593,57595],{"className":67,"code":57594,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"items = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [1, 2], [1]]\nprint(items.count([1, 2]))  # 2\n",[15,57596,57597,57639],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,57598,57599,57601,57603,57605,57607,57609,57611,57613,57615,57617,57619,57621,57623,57625,57627,57629,57631,57633,57635,57637],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,57600,7435],{"class":80},[74,57602,85],{"class":84},[74,57604,55946],{"class":106},[74,57606,2632],{"class":167},[74,57608,249],{"class":106},[74,57610,620],{"class":167},[74,57612,17717],{"class":106},[74,57614,3271],{"class":106},[74,57616,321],{"class":167},[74,57618,249],{"class":106},[74,57620,2100],{"class":167},[74,57622,17717],{"class":106},[74,57624,3271],{"class":106},[74,57626,2632],{"class":167},[74,57628,249],{"class":106},[74,57630,620],{"class":167},[74,57632,17717],{"class":106},[74,57634,3271],{"class":106},[74,57636,2632],{"class":167},[74,57638,52894],{"class":106},[74,57640,57641,57643,57645,57647,57649,57651,57653,57655,57657,57659,57661],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,57642,103],{"class":102},[74,57644,107],{"class":106},[74,57646,7466],{"class":110},[74,57648,114],{"class":106},[74,57650,117],{"class":110},[74,57652,2629],{"class":106},[74,57654,2632],{"class":167},[74,57656,249],{"class":106},[74,57658,620],{"class":167},[74,57660,4386],{"class":106},[74,57662,51067],{"class":3314},[20,57664,57665],{},"Python counts only exact matches of the full nested list.",[60,57667,57669],{"id":57668},"beginner-examples-to-include","Beginner examples to include",[262,57671,57673],{"id":57672},"count-a-number-in-a-list-of-numbers","Count a number in a list of numbers",[65,57675,57677],{"className":67,"code":57676,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [10, 20, 10, 30, 10]\nresult = numbers.count(10)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,57678,57679,57707,57725,57729],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,57680,57681,57683,57685,57687,57689,57691,57693,57695,57697,57699,57701,57703,57705],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,57682,3266],{"class":80},[74,57684,85],{"class":84},[74,57686,3271],{"class":106},[74,57688,1972],{"class":167},[74,57690,249],{"class":106},[74,57692,7446],{"class":167},[74,57694,249],{"class":106},[74,57696,5656],{"class":167},[74,57698,249],{"class":106},[74,57700,7451],{"class":167},[74,57702,249],{"class":106},[74,57704,5656],{"class":167},[74,57706,3284],{"class":106},[74,57708,57709,57711,57713,57715,57717,57719,57721,57723],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,57710,383],{"class":80},[74,57712,85],{"class":84},[74,57714,3914],{"class":80},[74,57716,114],{"class":106},[74,57718,117],{"class":110},[74,57720,107],{"class":106},[74,57722,1972],{"class":167},[74,57724,260],{"class":106},[74,57726,57727],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,57728,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,57730,57731,57733,57735,57737],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,57732,103],{"class":102},[74,57734,107],{"class":106},[74,57736,418],{"class":110},[74,57738,260],{"class":106},[20,57740,157],{},[65,57742,57743],{"className":67,"code":168,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,57744,57745],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,57746,57747],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,57748,168],{"class":167},[262,57750,57752],{"id":57751},"count-a-word-in-a-list-of-strings","Count a word in a list of strings",[65,57754,57756],{"className":67,"code":57755,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"words = [\"cat\", \"dog\", \"cat\", \"bird\"]\nresult = words.count(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,57757,57758,57800,57822,57826],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,57759,57760,57762,57764,57766,57768,57770,57772,57774,57776,57779,57781,57783,57785,57787,57789,57791,57793,57796,57798],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,57761,3722],{"class":80},[74,57763,85],{"class":84},[74,57765,3271],{"class":106},[74,57767,122],{"class":88},[74,57769,486],{"class":92},[74,57771,122],{"class":88},[74,57773,249],{"class":106},[74,57775,89],{"class":88},[74,57777,57778],{"class":92},"dog",[74,57780,122],{"class":88},[74,57782,249],{"class":106},[74,57784,89],{"class":88},[74,57786,486],{"class":92},[74,57788,122],{"class":88},[74,57790,249],{"class":106},[74,57792,89],{"class":88},[74,57794,57795],{"class":92},"bird",[74,57797,122],{"class":88},[74,57799,3284],{"class":106},[74,57801,57802,57804,57806,57808,57810,57812,57814,57816,57818,57820],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,57803,383],{"class":80},[74,57805,85],{"class":84},[74,57807,5820],{"class":80},[74,57809,114],{"class":106},[74,57811,117],{"class":110},[74,57813,107],{"class":106},[74,57815,122],{"class":88},[74,57817,486],{"class":92},[74,57819,122],{"class":88},[74,57821,260],{"class":106},[74,57823,57824],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,57825,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,57827,57828,57830,57832,57834],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,57829,103],{"class":102},[74,57831,107],{"class":106},[74,57833,418],{"class":110},[74,57835,260],{"class":106},[20,57837,157],{},[65,57839,57840],{"className":67,"code":173,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,57841,57842],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,57843,57844],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,57845,173],{"class":167},[262,57847,57849],{"id":57848},"count-a-value-that-is-not-in-the-list","Count a value that is not in the list",[65,57851,57853],{"className":67,"code":57852,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = numbers.count(5)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,57854,57855,57879,57897,57901],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,57856,57857,57859,57861,57863,57865,57867,57869,57871,57873,57875,57877],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,57858,3266],{"class":80},[74,57860,85],{"class":84},[74,57862,3271],{"class":106},[74,57864,2632],{"class":167},[74,57866,249],{"class":106},[74,57868,620],{"class":167},[74,57870,249],{"class":106},[74,57872,2094],{"class":167},[74,57874,249],{"class":106},[74,57876,2100],{"class":167},[74,57878,3284],{"class":106},[74,57880,57881,57883,57885,57887,57889,57891,57893,57895],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,57882,383],{"class":80},[74,57884,85],{"class":84},[74,57886,3914],{"class":80},[74,57888,114],{"class":106},[74,57890,117],{"class":110},[74,57892,107],{"class":106},[74,57894,711],{"class":167},[74,57896,260],{"class":106},[74,57898,57899],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,57900,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,57902,57903,57905,57907,57909],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,57904,103],{"class":102},[74,57906,107],{"class":106},[74,57908,418],{"class":110},[74,57910,260],{"class":106},[20,57912,157],{},[65,57914,57915],{"className":67,"code":46904,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,57916,57917],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,57918,57919],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,57920,46904],{"class":167},[262,57922,57924],{"id":57923},"count-repeated-nested-list-values","Count repeated nested list values",[65,57926,57928],{"className":67,"code":57927,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"data = [[1, 2], [1, 2], [2, 3], [1, 2]]\nresult = data.count([1, 2])\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,57929,57930,57976,57998,58002],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,57931,57932,57934,57936,57938,57940,57942,57944,57946,57948,57950,57952,57954,57956,57958,57960,57962,57964,57966,57968,57970,57972,57974],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,57933,8821],{"class":80},[74,57935,85],{"class":84},[74,57937,55946],{"class":106},[74,57939,2632],{"class":167},[74,57941,249],{"class":106},[74,57943,620],{"class":167},[74,57945,17717],{"class":106},[74,57947,3271],{"class":106},[74,57949,2632],{"class":167},[74,57951,249],{"class":106},[74,57953,620],{"class":167},[74,57955,17717],{"class":106},[74,57957,3271],{"class":106},[74,57959,687],{"class":167},[74,57961,249],{"class":106},[74,57963,2094],{"class":167},[74,57965,17717],{"class":106},[74,57967,3271],{"class":106},[74,57969,2632],{"class":167},[74,57971,249],{"class":106},[74,57973,620],{"class":167},[74,57975,52894],{"class":106},[74,57977,57978,57980,57982,57984,57986,57988,57990,57992,57994,57996],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,57979,383],{"class":80},[74,57981,85],{"class":84},[74,57983,14224],{"class":80},[74,57985,114],{"class":106},[74,57987,117],{"class":110},[74,57989,2629],{"class":106},[74,57991,2632],{"class":167},[74,57993,249],{"class":106},[74,57995,620],{"class":167},[74,57997,751],{"class":106},[74,57999,58000],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,58001,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,58003,58004,58006,58008,58010],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,58005,103],{"class":102},[74,58007,107],{"class":106},[74,58009,418],{"class":110},[74,58011,260],{"class":106},[20,58013,157],{},[65,58015,58016],{"className":67,"code":168,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,58017,58018],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,58019,58020],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,58021,168],{"class":167},[60,58023,1260,58024],{"id":1259},[15,58025,17],{},[20,58027,176,58028,58030],{},[15,58029,17],{}," when you need the number of appearances of one value.",[20,58032,58033],{},"Good use cases:",[30,58035,58036,58039,58042],{},[33,58037,58038],{},"counting one specific item",[33,58040,58041],{},"checking whether a list contains duplicates of a value",[33,58043,58044],{},"doing a quick count before making a decision",[20,58046,506],{},[65,58048,58050],{"className":67,"code":58049,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"votes = [\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\"]\nyes_votes = votes.count(\"yes\")\n\nprint(yes_votes)\n",[15,58051,58052,58093,58117,58121],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,58053,58054,58057,58059,58061,58063,58065,58067,58069,58071,58073,58075,58077,58079,58081,58083,58085,58087,58089,58091],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,58055,58056],{"class":80},"votes ",[74,58058,85],{"class":84},[74,58060,3271],{"class":106},[74,58062,122],{"class":88},[74,58064,8314],{"class":92},[74,58066,122],{"class":88},[74,58068,249],{"class":106},[74,58070,89],{"class":88},[74,58072,8255],{"class":92},[74,58074,122],{"class":88},[74,58076,249],{"class":106},[74,58078,89],{"class":88},[74,58080,8314],{"class":92},[74,58082,122],{"class":88},[74,58084,249],{"class":106},[74,58086,89],{"class":88},[74,58088,8314],{"class":92},[74,58090,122],{"class":88},[74,58092,3284],{"class":106},[74,58094,58095,58098,58100,58103,58105,58107,58109,58111,58113,58115],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,58096,58097],{"class":80},"yes_votes ",[74,58099,85],{"class":84},[74,58101,58102],{"class":80}," votes",[74,58104,114],{"class":106},[74,58106,117],{"class":110},[74,58108,107],{"class":106},[74,58110,122],{"class":88},[74,58112,8314],{"class":92},[74,58114,122],{"class":88},[74,58116,260],{"class":106},[74,58118,58119],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,58120,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,58122,58123,58125,58127,58130],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,58124,103],{"class":102},[74,58126,107],{"class":106},[74,58128,58129],{"class":110},"yes_votes",[74,58131,260],{"class":106},[20,58133,58134,58136],{},[15,58135,17],{}," is not the best choice if you need counts for many different values. In that case, you would usually use a loop or another tool.",[20,58138,58139,58140,51,58142,114],{},"If you are still learning list basics, see ",[125,58141,52423],{"href":50631},[125,58143,58145],{"href":58144},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-list-in-python\u002F","what is a list in Python",[60,58147,914],{"id":913},[20,58149,8105,58150,114],{},[15,58151,56947],{},[262,58153,58155],{"id":58154},"trying-to-count-part-of-a-string-instead-of-list-items","Trying to count part of a string instead of list items",[20,58157,58158,58160],{},[15,58159,56947],{}," counts list items, not parts of a string.",[65,58162,58164],{"className":67,"code":58163,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"words = [\"apple pie\", \"banana\", \"apple pie\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 0\n",[15,58165,58166,58199],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,58167,58168,58170,58172,58174,58176,58179,58181,58183,58185,58187,58189,58191,58193,58195,58197],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,58169,3722],{"class":80},[74,58171,85],{"class":84},[74,58173,3271],{"class":106},[74,58175,122],{"class":88},[74,58177,58178],{"class":92},"apple pie",[74,58180,122],{"class":88},[74,58182,249],{"class":106},[74,58184,89],{"class":88},[74,58186,93],{"class":92},[74,58188,122],{"class":88},[74,58190,249],{"class":106},[74,58192,89],{"class":88},[74,58194,58178],{"class":92},[74,58196,122],{"class":88},[74,58198,3284],{"class":106},[74,58200,58201,58203,58205,58207,58209,58211,58213,58215,58217,58219,58221],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,58202,103],{"class":102},[74,58204,107],{"class":106},[74,58206,3764],{"class":110},[74,58208,114],{"class":106},[74,58210,117],{"class":110},[74,58212,107],{"class":106},[74,58214,122],{"class":88},[74,58216,376],{"class":92},[74,58218,122],{"class":88},[74,58220,5011],{"class":106},[74,58222,50899],{"class":3314},[20,58224,2131,58225,2135],{},[15,58226,327],{},[20,58228,28716,58229,58231,58232,114],{},[15,58230,440],{}," is not a full item in the list. The list contains ",[15,58233,58234],{},"\"apple pie\"",[20,58236,58237,58238,114],{},"If your data is a string instead of a list, you may be thinking of ",[15,58239,58240],{},"str.count()",[262,58242,923,58244,8113,58246,339,58248],{"id":58243},"expecting-count-to-return-true-or-false",[15,58245,17],{},[15,58247,338],{},[15,58249,342],{},[20,58251,58252,58254],{},[15,58253,17],{}," returns a number, not a boolean.",[65,58256,58258],{"className":67,"code":58257,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.count(2))  # 2\n",[15,58259,58260,58284],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,58261,58262,58264,58266,58268,58270,58272,58274,58276,58278,58280,58282],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,58263,3266],{"class":80},[74,58265,85],{"class":84},[74,58267,3271],{"class":106},[74,58269,2632],{"class":167},[74,58271,249],{"class":106},[74,58273,620],{"class":167},[74,58275,249],{"class":106},[74,58277,620],{"class":167},[74,58279,249],{"class":106},[74,58281,2094],{"class":167},[74,58283,3284],{"class":106},[74,58285,58286,58288,58290,58292,58294,58296,58298,58300,58302],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,58287,103],{"class":102},[74,58289,107],{"class":106},[74,58291,3298],{"class":110},[74,58293,114],{"class":106},[74,58295,117],{"class":110},[74,58297,107],{"class":106},[74,58299,687],{"class":167},[74,58301,5011],{"class":106},[74,58303,51067],{"class":3314},[20,58305,58306],{},"If you want a true\u002Ffalse answer, use:",[65,58308,58310],{"className":67,"code":58309,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(2 in numbers)  # True\n",[15,58311,58312],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,58313,58314,58316,58318,58320,58322,58324,58326],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,58315,103],{"class":102},[74,58317,107],{"class":106},[74,58319,687],{"class":167},[74,58321,20829],{"class":3529},[74,58323,3914],{"class":110},[74,58325,3311],{"class":106},[74,58327,3315],{"class":3314},[262,58329,58331],{"id":58330},"forgetting-that-string-matching-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that string matching is case-sensitive",[65,58333,58335],{"className":67,"code":58334,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"names = [\"Sam\", \"sam\", \"SAM\"]\nprint(names.count(\"sam\"))  # 1\n",[15,58336,58337,58370],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,58338,58339,58341,58343,58345,58347,58349,58351,58353,58355,58357,58359,58361,58363,58366,58368],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,58340,4646],{"class":80},[74,58342,85],{"class":84},[74,58344,3271],{"class":106},[74,58346,122],{"class":88},[74,58348,7332],{"class":92},[74,58350,122],{"class":88},[74,58352,249],{"class":106},[74,58354,89],{"class":88},[74,58356,19873],{"class":92},[74,58358,122],{"class":88},[74,58360,249],{"class":106},[74,58362,89],{"class":88},[74,58364,58365],{"class":92},"SAM",[74,58367,122],{"class":88},[74,58369,3284],{"class":106},[74,58371,58372,58374,58376,58378,58380,58382,58384,58386,58388,58390,58392],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,58373,103],{"class":102},[74,58375,107],{"class":106},[74,58377,4690],{"class":110},[74,58379,114],{"class":106},[74,58381,117],{"class":110},[74,58383,107],{"class":106},[74,58385,122],{"class":88},[74,58387,19873],{"class":92},[74,58389,122],{"class":88},[74,58391,5011],{"class":106},[74,58393,27434],{"class":3314},[20,58395,58396,58397,58400],{},"Only the exact string ",[15,58398,58399],{},"\"sam\""," matches.",[262,58402,29305,58404,33206],{"id":58403},"calling-count-on-the-wrong-type",[15,58405,17],{},[20,58407,58408],{},"If you are not sure what your variable contains, inspect it first:",[65,58410,58412],{"className":67,"code":58411,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(value in my_list)\nfor item in my_list:\n    print(repr(item))\n",[15,58413,58414,58424,58438,58456,58470,58482],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,58415,58416,58418,58420,58422],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,58417,103],{"class":102},[74,58419,107],{"class":106},[74,58421,7997],{"class":110},[74,58423,260],{"class":106},[74,58425,58426,58428,58430,58432,58434,58436],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,58427,103],{"class":102},[74,58429,107],{"class":106},[74,58431,1346],{"class":1345},[74,58433,107],{"class":106},[74,58435,7997],{"class":110},[74,58437,130],{"class":106},[74,58439,58440,58442,58444,58446,58448,58450,58452,58454],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,58441,103],{"class":102},[74,58443,107],{"class":106},[74,58445,7997],{"class":110},[74,58447,114],{"class":106},[74,58449,117],{"class":110},[74,58451,107],{"class":106},[74,58453,246],{"class":110},[74,58455,130],{"class":106},[74,58457,58458,58460,58462,58464,58466,58468],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,58459,103],{"class":102},[74,58461,107],{"class":106},[74,58463,2089],{"class":110},[74,58465,351],{"class":3529},[74,58467,8054],{"class":110},[74,58469,260],{"class":106},[74,58471,58472,58474,58476,58478,58480],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,58473,5609],{"class":3529},[74,58475,5612],{"class":80},[74,58477,351],{"class":3529},[74,58479,8054],{"class":80},[74,58481,6046],{"class":106},[74,58483,58484,58486,58488,58490,58492,58494],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,58485,7726],{"class":102},[74,58487,107],{"class":106},[74,58489,41434],{"class":102},[74,58491,107],{"class":106},[74,58493,22966],{"class":110},[74,58495,130],{"class":106},[20,58497,58498],{},"These checks can help you see:",[30,58500,58501,58504,58507],{},[33,58502,58503],{},"whether the variable is really a list",[33,58505,58506],{},"whether the values are exactly what you expect",[33,58508,58509],{},"whether spacing, capitalization, or data type differences are causing problems",[20,58511,1445],{},[30,58513,58514,58519,58522,58529],{},[33,58515,1459,58516,58518],{},[15,58517,17],{}," when the data is a string, not a list",[33,58520,58521],{},"expecting substring behavior instead of exact list-item matching",[33,58523,10765,58524,58526,58527],{},[15,58525,56947],{}," with string ",[15,58528,17],{},[33,58530,58531],{},"being surprised that booleans and integers can compare as equal",[60,58533,1471],{"id":1470},[262,58535,1517,58537,58539],{"id":58536},"does-listcount-change-the-list",[15,58538,56947],{}," change the list?",[20,58541,58542],{},"No. It only returns how many times a value appears.",[262,58544,58546],{"id":58545},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-list","What happens if the value is not in the list?",[20,58548,11569,58549,114],{},[15,58550,327],{},[262,58552,1507,58554,58556],{"id":58553},"can-listcount-count-multiple-different-values-at-once",[15,58555,56947],{}," count multiple different values at once?",[20,58558,58559],{},"No. It counts one value per call.",[262,58561,1485,58563,58565],{"id":58562},"is-listcount-case-sensitive-for-strings",[15,58564,56947],{}," case-sensitive for strings?",[20,58567,41807,58568,51,58570,58572],{},[15,58569,57487],{},[15,58571,440],{}," are different values.",[262,58574,4808,58576,58578,58579,2135],{"id":58575},"why-does-true-sometimes-count-like-1",[15,58577,338],{}," sometimes count like ",[15,58580,2632],{},[20,58582,8441,58583,58585,58586,51,58588,58585,58590,114],{},[15,58584,338],{}," compares equal to ",[15,58587,2632],{},[15,58589,342],{},[15,58591,327],{},[60,58593,1527],{"id":1526},[30,58595,58596,58600,58606,58610,58617,58624],{},[33,58597,58598],{},[125,58599,52423],{"href":50631},[33,58601,58602],{},[125,58603,58605],{"href":58604},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to find an item in a list in Python",[33,58607,58608],{},[125,58609,6589],{"href":5849},[33,58611,58612],{},[125,58613,55172,58615,10399],{"href":58614},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method\u002F",[15,58616,1132],{},[33,58618,58619],{},[125,58620,3223,58622],{"href":58621},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len",[15,58623,42016],{},[33,58625,58626],{},[125,58627,58628],{"href":58144},"What is a list in Python",[1566,58630,58631],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":70,"searchDepth":99,"depth":99,"links":58633},[58634,58635,58637,58638,58639,58645,58651,58652,58660,58671],{"id":3255,"depth":99,"text":3256},{"id":57039,"depth":99,"text":58636},"What list.count() does",{"id":226,"depth":99,"text":227},{"id":37675,"depth":99,"text":37676},{"id":57361,"depth":99,"text":57362,"children":58640},[58641,58642,58644],{"id":57393,"depth":133,"text":57394},{"id":57491,"depth":133,"text":58643},"1 and True can match",{"id":57590,"depth":133,"text":57591},{"id":57668,"depth":99,"text":57669,"children":58646},[58647,58648,58649,58650],{"id":57672,"depth":133,"text":57673},{"id":57751,"depth":133,"text":57752},{"id":57848,"depth":133,"text":57849},{"id":57923,"depth":133,"text":57924},{"id":1259,"depth":99,"text":1594},{"id":913,"depth":99,"text":914,"children":58653},[58654,58655,58657,58658],{"id":58154,"depth":133,"text":58155},{"id":58243,"depth":133,"text":58656},"Expecting count() to return True or False",{"id":58330,"depth":133,"text":58331},{"id":58403,"depth":133,"text":58659},"Calling count() on the wrong type",{"id":1470,"depth":99,"text":1471,"children":58661},[58662,58664,58665,58667,58669],{"id":58536,"depth":133,"text":58663},"Does list.count() change the list?",{"id":58545,"depth":133,"text":58546},{"id":58553,"depth":133,"text":58666},"Can list.count() count multiple different values at once?",{"id":58562,"depth":133,"text":58668},"Is list.count() case-sensitive for strings?",{"id":58575,"depth":133,"text":58670},"Why does True sometimes count like 1?",{"id":1526,"depth":99,"text":1527},"Master python list count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method",{"title":56935,"description":58672},"reference\u002Fpython-list-count-method","OaDs4b1B53uOAHV8umIolgeKHFj-NyORlCwOR-o8JYw",{"id":58679,"title":58680,"body":58681,"description":60644,"extension":1610,"meta":60645,"navigation":407,"path":60646,"seo":60647,"stem":60648,"__hash__":60649},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list.md","Python List: Creating a List",{"type":7,"value":58682,"toc":60607},[58683,58686,58689,58691,58819,58823,58904,58915,58917,58936,58940,58943,58946,58964,58966,59009,59013,59038,59047,59051,59056,59059,59176,59180,59249,59253,59265,59269,59272,59313,59317,59330,59333,59418,59422,59455,59462,59468,59473,59475,59487,59491,59524,59528,59560,59564,59601,59605,59625,59629,59663,59667,59696,59707,59711,59714,59717,59730,59787,59791,59830,59836,59839,59841,59844,59848,59851,59876,59878,59903,59910,59913,59958,59962,59981,59984,60023,60030,60035,60069,60073,60174,60181,60214,60218,60244,60248,60251,60289,60292,60329,60333,60336,60355,60359,60420,60422,60440,60444,60447,60450,60479,60481,60485,60488,60496,60500,60503,60523,60529,60535,60539,60542,60549,60557,60559,60598,60604],[10,58684,58680],{"id":58685},"python-list-creating-a-list",[20,58687,58688],{},"A Python list is one of the most common data structures you will use. This page shows the main ways to create a list, what list syntax looks like, and when each approach is useful.",[60,58690,3256],{"id":3255},[65,58692,58694],{"className":67,"code":58693,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nempty_list = []\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(empty_list)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,58695,58696,58716,58748,58756,58774,58778,58788,58798,58809],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,58697,58698,58700,58702,58704,58706,58708,58710,58712,58714],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,58699,3266],{"class":80},[74,58701,85],{"class":84},[74,58703,3271],{"class":106},[74,58705,2632],{"class":167},[74,58707,249],{"class":106},[74,58709,620],{"class":167},[74,58711,249],{"class":106},[74,58713,2094],{"class":167},[74,58715,3284],{"class":106},[74,58717,58718,58720,58722,58724,58726,58728,58730,58732,58734,58736,58738,58740,58742,58744,58746],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,58719,4646],{"class":80},[74,58721,85],{"class":84},[74,58723,3271],{"class":106},[74,58725,122],{"class":88},[74,58727,12539],{"class":92},[74,58729,122],{"class":88},[74,58731,249],{"class":106},[74,58733,89],{"class":88},[74,58735,35598],{"class":92},[74,58737,122],{"class":88},[74,58739,249],{"class":106},[74,58741,89],{"class":88},[74,58743,35607],{"class":92},[74,58745,122],{"class":88},[74,58747,3284],{"class":106},[74,58749,58750,58752,58754],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,58751,55583],{"class":80},[74,58753,85],{"class":84},[74,58755,7495],{"class":106},[74,58757,58758,58760,58762,58764,58766,58768,58770,58772],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,58759,35746],{"class":80},[74,58761,85],{"class":84},[74,58763,22216],{"class":1345},[74,58765,107],{"class":106},[74,58767,122],{"class":88},[74,58769,41215],{"class":92},[74,58771,122],{"class":88},[74,58773,260],{"class":106},[74,58775,58776],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,58777,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,58779,58780,58782,58784,58786],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,58781,103],{"class":102},[74,58783,107],{"class":106},[74,58785,3298],{"class":110},[74,58787,260],{"class":106},[74,58789,58790,58792,58794,58796],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,58791,103],{"class":102},[74,58793,107],{"class":106},[74,58795,4690],{"class":110},[74,58797,260],{"class":106},[74,58799,58800,58802,58804,58807],{"class":76,"line":6079},[74,58801,103],{"class":102},[74,58803,107],{"class":106},[74,58805,58806],{"class":110},"empty_list",[74,58808,260],{"class":106},[74,58810,58811,58813,58815,58817],{"class":76,"line":6085},[74,58812,103],{"class":102},[74,58814,107],{"class":106},[74,58816,35799],{"class":110},[74,58818,260],{"class":106},[20,58820,58821],{},[332,58822,157],{},[65,58824,58826],{"className":67,"code":58825,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,58827,58828,58844,58872,58876],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,58829,58830,58832,58834,58836,58838,58840,58842],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,58831,742],{"class":106},[74,58833,2632],{"class":167},[74,58835,249],{"class":106},[74,58837,620],{"class":167},[74,58839,249],{"class":106},[74,58841,2094],{"class":167},[74,58843,3284],{"class":106},[74,58845,58846,58848,58850,58852,58854,58856,58858,58860,58862,58864,58866,58868,58870],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,58847,742],{"class":106},[74,58849,2946],{"class":88},[74,58851,12539],{"class":92},[74,58853,2946],{"class":88},[74,58855,249],{"class":106},[74,58857,2941],{"class":88},[74,58859,35598],{"class":92},[74,58861,2946],{"class":88},[74,58863,249],{"class":106},[74,58865,2941],{"class":88},[74,58867,35607],{"class":92},[74,58869,2946],{"class":88},[74,58871,3284],{"class":106},[74,58873,58874],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,58875,37953],{"class":106},[74,58877,58878,58880,58882,58884,58886,58888,58890,58892,58894,58896,58898,58900,58902],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,58879,742],{"class":106},[74,58881,2946],{"class":88},[74,58883,125],{"class":92},[74,58885,2946],{"class":88},[74,58887,249],{"class":106},[74,58889,2941],{"class":88},[74,58891,4412],{"class":92},[74,58893,2946],{"class":88},[74,58895,249],{"class":106},[74,58897,2941],{"class":88},[74,58899,9396],{"class":92},[74,58901,2946],{"class":88},[74,58903,3284],{"class":106},[20,58905,58906,58907,58909,58910,58912,58913,114],{},"Use square brackets ",[15,58908,3438],{}," for most lists. Use ",[15,58911,24437],{}," when converting another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,58914,35854],{},[60,58916,14820],{"id":14819},[30,58918,58919,58922,58925,58928,58933],{},[33,58920,58921],{},"What a list is in Python",[33,58923,58924],{},"How to create a list with square brackets",[33,58926,58927],{},"How to create an empty list",[33,58929,58930,58931,1944],{},"How to create a list with the ",[15,58932,24437],{},[33,58934,58935],{},"What kinds of values a list can store",[60,58937,58939],{"id":58938},"what-a-python-list-is","What a Python list is",[20,58941,58942],{},"A list is an ordered collection of items.",[20,58944,58945],{},"This means:",[30,58947,58948,58951,58954,58957],{},[33,58949,58950],{},"A list can contain one item or many items",[33,58952,58953],{},"The order of items is kept",[33,58955,58956],{},"A list can hold different data types",[33,58958,58959,58960,58963],{},"A list is ",[332,58961,58962],{},"mutable",", which means you can change it after creating it",[20,58965,506],{},[65,58967,58969],{"className":67,"code":58968,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"items = [\"apple\", 10, True]\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,58970,58971,58995,58999],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,58972,58973,58975,58977,58979,58981,58983,58985,58987,58989,58991,58993],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,58974,7435],{"class":80},[74,58976,85],{"class":84},[74,58978,3271],{"class":106},[74,58980,122],{"class":88},[74,58982,376],{"class":92},[74,58984,122],{"class":88},[74,58986,249],{"class":106},[74,58988,5656],{"class":167},[74,58990,249],{"class":106},[74,58992,3567],{"class":3504},[74,58994,3284],{"class":106},[74,58996,58997],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,58998,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,59000,59001,59003,59005,59007],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,59002,103],{"class":102},[74,59004,107],{"class":106},[74,59006,7466],{"class":110},[74,59008,260],{"class":106},[20,59010,59011],{},[332,59012,157],{},[65,59014,59016],{"className":67,"code":59015,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"['apple', 10, True]\n",[15,59017,59018],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,59019,59020,59022,59024,59026,59028,59030,59032,59034,59036],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,59021,742],{"class":106},[74,59023,2946],{"class":88},[74,59025,376],{"class":92},[74,59027,2946],{"class":88},[74,59029,249],{"class":106},[74,59031,5656],{"class":167},[74,59033,249],{"class":106},[74,59035,3567],{"class":3504},[74,59037,3284],{"class":106},[20,59039,59040,59041,339,59044,114],{},"If you want a broader introduction, see ",[125,59042,59043],{"href":50631},"Python Lists Explained for Beginners",[125,59045,59046],{"href":58144},"What is a List in Python?",[60,59048,59050],{"id":59049},"create-a-list-with-square-brackets","Create a list with square brackets",[20,59052,58906,59053,59055],{},[15,59054,3438],{}," to create a list. Put items inside the brackets and separate them with commas.",[20,59057,59058],{},"This is the most common way to create a list.",[65,59060,59062],{"className":67,"code":59061,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nmixed = [10, \"hello\", False]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,59063,59064,59084,59116,59141,59145,59155,59165],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,59065,59066,59068,59070,59072,59074,59076,59078,59080,59082],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,59067,3266],{"class":80},[74,59069,85],{"class":84},[74,59071,3271],{"class":106},[74,59073,2632],{"class":167},[74,59075,249],{"class":106},[74,59077,620],{"class":167},[74,59079,249],{"class":106},[74,59081,2094],{"class":167},[74,59083,3284],{"class":106},[74,59085,59086,59088,59090,59092,59094,59096,59098,59100,59102,59104,59106,59108,59110,59112,59114],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,59087,4646],{"class":80},[74,59089,85],{"class":84},[74,59091,3271],{"class":106},[74,59093,122],{"class":88},[74,59095,12539],{"class":92},[74,59097,122],{"class":88},[74,59099,249],{"class":106},[74,59101,89],{"class":88},[74,59103,35598],{"class":92},[74,59105,122],{"class":88},[74,59107,249],{"class":106},[74,59109,89],{"class":88},[74,59111,35607],{"class":92},[74,59113,122],{"class":88},[74,59115,3284],{"class":106},[74,59117,59118,59121,59123,59125,59127,59129,59131,59133,59135,59137,59139],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,59119,59120],{"class":80},"mixed ",[74,59122,85],{"class":84},[74,59124,3271],{"class":106},[74,59126,1972],{"class":167},[74,59128,249],{"class":106},[74,59130,89],{"class":88},[74,59132,3497],{"class":92},[74,59134,122],{"class":88},[74,59136,249],{"class":106},[74,59138,3558],{"class":3504},[74,59140,3284],{"class":106},[74,59142,59143],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,59144,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,59146,59147,59149,59151,59153],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,59148,103],{"class":102},[74,59150,107],{"class":106},[74,59152,3298],{"class":110},[74,59154,260],{"class":106},[74,59156,59157,59159,59161,59163],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,59158,103],{"class":102},[74,59160,107],{"class":106},[74,59162,4690],{"class":110},[74,59164,260],{"class":106},[74,59166,59167,59169,59171,59174],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,59168,103],{"class":102},[74,59170,107],{"class":106},[74,59172,59173],{"class":110},"mixed",[74,59175,260],{"class":106},[20,59177,59178],{},[332,59179,157],{},[65,59181,59183],{"className":67,"code":59182,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[10, 'hello', False]\n",[15,59184,59185,59201,59229],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,59186,59187,59189,59191,59193,59195,59197,59199],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,59188,742],{"class":106},[74,59190,2632],{"class":167},[74,59192,249],{"class":106},[74,59194,620],{"class":167},[74,59196,249],{"class":106},[74,59198,2094],{"class":167},[74,59200,3284],{"class":106},[74,59202,59203,59205,59207,59209,59211,59213,59215,59217,59219,59221,59223,59225,59227],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,59204,742],{"class":106},[74,59206,2946],{"class":88},[74,59208,12539],{"class":92},[74,59210,2946],{"class":88},[74,59212,249],{"class":106},[74,59214,2941],{"class":88},[74,59216,35598],{"class":92},[74,59218,2946],{"class":88},[74,59220,249],{"class":106},[74,59222,2941],{"class":88},[74,59224,35607],{"class":92},[74,59226,2946],{"class":88},[74,59228,3284],{"class":106},[74,59230,59231,59233,59235,59237,59239,59241,59243,59245,59247],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,59232,742],{"class":106},[74,59234,1972],{"class":167},[74,59236,249],{"class":106},[74,59238,2941],{"class":88},[74,59240,3497],{"class":92},[74,59242,2946],{"class":88},[74,59244,249],{"class":106},[74,59246,3558],{"class":3504},[74,59248,3284],{"class":106},[262,59250,59252],{"id":59251},"key-points","Key points",[30,59254,59255,59260,59262],{},[33,59256,176,59257,59259],{},[15,59258,3438],{}," to make a new list",[33,59261,15090],{},[33,59263,59264],{},"Works with numbers, strings, booleans, and mixed values",[60,59266,59268],{"id":59267},"create-an-empty-list","Create an empty list",[20,59270,59271],{},"Use empty square brackets when you want a blank list.",[65,59273,59275],{"className":67,"code":59274,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"my_list = []\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\n",[15,59276,59277,59285,59289,59299],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,59278,59279,59281,59283],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,59280,7966],{"class":80},[74,59282,85],{"class":84},[74,59284,7495],{"class":106},[74,59286,59287],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,59288,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,59290,59291,59293,59295,59297],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,59292,103],{"class":102},[74,59294,107],{"class":106},[74,59296,7997],{"class":110},[74,59298,260],{"class":106},[74,59300,59301,59303,59305,59307,59309,59311],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,59302,103],{"class":102},[74,59304,107],{"class":106},[74,59306,10820],{"class":102},[74,59308,107],{"class":106},[74,59310,7997],{"class":110},[74,59312,130],{"class":106},[20,59314,59315],{},[332,59316,157],{},[65,59318,59320],{"className":67,"code":59319,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"[]\n0\n",[15,59321,59322,59326],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,59323,59324],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,59325,37953],{"class":106},[74,59327,59328],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,59329,46904],{"class":167},[20,59331,59332],{},"An empty list is useful when you want to build a list step by step.",[65,59334,59336],{"className":67,"code":59335,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"names = []\n\nnames.append(\"Ana\")\nnames.append(\"Ben\")\nnames.append(\"Cara\")\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,59337,59338,59346,59350,59368,59386,59404,59408],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,59339,59340,59342,59344],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,59341,4646],{"class":80},[74,59343,85],{"class":84},[74,59345,7495],{"class":106},[74,59347,59348],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,59349,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,59351,59352,59354,59356,59358,59360,59362,59364,59366],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,59353,4690],{"class":80},[74,59355,114],{"class":106},[74,59357,13210],{"class":110},[74,59359,107],{"class":106},[74,59361,122],{"class":88},[74,59363,12539],{"class":92},[74,59365,122],{"class":88},[74,59367,260],{"class":106},[74,59369,59370,59372,59374,59376,59378,59380,59382,59384],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,59371,4690],{"class":80},[74,59373,114],{"class":106},[74,59375,13210],{"class":110},[74,59377,107],{"class":106},[74,59379,122],{"class":88},[74,59381,35598],{"class":92},[74,59383,122],{"class":88},[74,59385,260],{"class":106},[74,59387,59388,59390,59392,59394,59396,59398,59400,59402],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,59389,4690],{"class":80},[74,59391,114],{"class":106},[74,59393,13210],{"class":110},[74,59395,107],{"class":106},[74,59397,122],{"class":88},[74,59399,35607],{"class":92},[74,59401,122],{"class":88},[74,59403,260],{"class":106},[74,59405,59406],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,59407,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,59409,59410,59412,59414,59416],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,59411,103],{"class":102},[74,59413,107],{"class":106},[74,59415,4690],{"class":110},[74,59417,260],{"class":106},[20,59419,59420],{},[332,59421,157],{},[65,59423,59425],{"className":67,"code":59424,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,59426,59427],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,59428,59429,59431,59433,59435,59437,59439,59441,59443,59445,59447,59449,59451,59453],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,59430,742],{"class":106},[74,59432,2946],{"class":88},[74,59434,12539],{"class":92},[74,59436,2946],{"class":88},[74,59438,249],{"class":106},[74,59440,2941],{"class":88},[74,59442,35598],{"class":92},[74,59444,2946],{"class":88},[74,59446,249],{"class":106},[74,59448,2941],{"class":88},[74,59450,35607],{"class":92},[74,59452,2946],{"class":88},[74,59454,3284],{"class":106},[20,59456,59457,59458,114],{},"To learn more about adding items, see the ",[125,59459,59460,10399],{"href":56421},[15,59461,52305],{},[60,59463,59465,59466],{"id":59464},"create-a-list-with-list","Create a list with ",[15,59467,24437],{},[20,59469,176,59470,59472],{},[15,59471,24437],{}," to convert another iterable into a list.",[20,59474,5107],{},[30,59476,59477,59479,59481,59483],{},[33,59478,4958],{},[33,59480,4952],{},[33,59482,4955],{},[33,59484,59485],{},[15,59486,35854],{},[262,59488,59490],{"id":59489},"example-convert-a-string","Example: convert a string",[65,59492,59494],{"className":67,"code":59493,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"letters = list(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,59495,59496,59514],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,59497,59498,59500,59502,59504,59506,59508,59510,59512],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,59499,35746],{"class":80},[74,59501,85],{"class":84},[74,59503,22216],{"class":1345},[74,59505,107],{"class":106},[74,59507,122],{"class":88},[74,59509,41215],{"class":92},[74,59511,122],{"class":88},[74,59513,260],{"class":106},[74,59515,59516,59518,59520,59522],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,59517,103],{"class":102},[74,59519,107],{"class":106},[74,59521,35799],{"class":110},[74,59523,260],{"class":106},[20,59525,59526],{},[332,59527,157],{},[65,59529,59530],{"className":67,"code":42530,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,59531,59532],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,59533,59534,59536,59538,59540,59542,59544,59546,59548,59550,59552,59554,59556,59558],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,59535,742],{"class":106},[74,59537,2946],{"class":88},[74,59539,125],{"class":92},[74,59541,2946],{"class":88},[74,59543,249],{"class":106},[74,59545,2941],{"class":88},[74,59547,4412],{"class":92},[74,59549,2946],{"class":88},[74,59551,249],{"class":106},[74,59553,2941],{"class":88},[74,59555,9396],{"class":92},[74,59557,2946],{"class":88},[74,59559,3284],{"class":106},[262,59561,59563],{"id":59562},"example-convert-a-tuple","Example: convert a tuple",[65,59565,59567],{"className":67,"code":59566,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,59568,59569,59591],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,59570,59571,59573,59575,59577,59579,59581,59583,59585,59587,59589],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,59572,3266],{"class":80},[74,59574,85],{"class":84},[74,59576,22216],{"class":1345},[74,59578,5161],{"class":106},[74,59580,2632],{"class":167},[74,59582,249],{"class":106},[74,59584,620],{"class":167},[74,59586,249],{"class":106},[74,59588,2094],{"class":167},[74,59590,130],{"class":106},[74,59592,59593,59595,59597,59599],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,59594,103],{"class":102},[74,59596,107],{"class":106},[74,59598,3298],{"class":110},[74,59600,260],{"class":106},[20,59602,59603],{},[332,59604,157],{},[65,59606,59607],{"className":67,"code":54802,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,59608,59609],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,59610,59611,59613,59615,59617,59619,59621,59623],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,59612,742],{"class":106},[74,59614,2632],{"class":167},[74,59616,249],{"class":106},[74,59618,620],{"class":167},[74,59620,249],{"class":106},[74,59622,2094],{"class":167},[74,59624,3284],{"class":106},[262,59626,59628],{"id":59627},"example-convert-a-range","Example: convert a range",[65,59630,59632],{"className":67,"code":59631,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"values = list(range(5))\nprint(values)\n",[15,59633,59634,59653],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,59635,59636,59638,59640,59642,59644,59647,59649,59651],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,59637,3474],{"class":80},[74,59639,85],{"class":84},[74,59641,22216],{"class":1345},[74,59643,107],{"class":106},[74,59645,59646],{"class":102},"range",[74,59648,107],{"class":106},[74,59650,711],{"class":167},[74,59652,130],{"class":106},[74,59654,59655,59657,59659,59661],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,59656,103],{"class":102},[74,59658,107],{"class":106},[74,59660,5008],{"class":110},[74,59662,260],{"class":106},[20,59664,59665],{},[332,59666,157],{},[65,59668,59670],{"className":67,"code":59669,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,59671,59672],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,59673,59674,59676,59678,59680,59682,59684,59686,59688,59690,59692,59694],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,59675,742],{"class":106},[74,59677,327],{"class":167},[74,59679,249],{"class":106},[74,59681,5148],{"class":167},[74,59683,249],{"class":106},[74,59685,620],{"class":167},[74,59687,249],{"class":106},[74,59689,2094],{"class":167},[74,59691,249],{"class":106},[74,59693,2100],{"class":167},[74,59695,3284],{"class":106},[20,59697,59698,59700,59701,114],{},[15,59699,24437],{}," is useful when you already have another iterable and want a list version of it. For more detail, see ",[125,59702,59704,59706],{"href":59703},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained\u002F",[15,59705,24437],{},": Function Explained",[60,59708,59710],{"id":59709},"lists-can-store-many-kinds-of-values","Lists can store many kinds of values",[20,59712,59713],{},"A list can store many types of data.",[20,59715,59716],{},"Examples include:",[30,59718,59719,59721,59723,59725,59727],{},[33,59720,4958],{},[33,59722,40081],{},[33,59724,51698],{},[33,59726,40251],{},[33,59728,59729],{},"other lists",[65,59731,59733],{"className":67,"code":59732,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"data = [\"Ana\", 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,59734,59735,59773,59777],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,59736,59737,59739,59741,59743,59745,59747,59749,59751,59753,59755,59757,59759,59761,59763,59765,59767,59769,59771],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,59738,8821],{"class":80},[74,59740,85],{"class":84},[74,59742,3271],{"class":106},[74,59744,122],{"class":88},[74,59746,12539],{"class":92},[74,59748,122],{"class":88},[74,59750,249],{"class":106},[74,59752,8962],{"class":167},[74,59754,249],{"class":106},[74,59756,3567],{"class":3504},[74,59758,249],{"class":106},[74,59760,3271],{"class":106},[74,59762,2632],{"class":167},[74,59764,249],{"class":106},[74,59766,620],{"class":167},[74,59768,249],{"class":106},[74,59770,2094],{"class":167},[74,59772,52894],{"class":106},[74,59774,59775],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,59776,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,59778,59779,59781,59783,59785],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,59780,103],{"class":102},[74,59782,107],{"class":106},[74,59784,8860],{"class":110},[74,59786,260],{"class":106},[20,59788,59789],{},[332,59790,157],{},[65,59792,59794],{"className":67,"code":59793,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"['Ana', 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,59795,59796],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,59797,59798,59800,59802,59804,59806,59808,59810,59812,59814,59816,59818,59820,59822,59824,59826,59828],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,59799,742],{"class":106},[74,59801,2946],{"class":88},[74,59803,12539],{"class":92},[74,59805,2946],{"class":88},[74,59807,249],{"class":106},[74,59809,8962],{"class":167},[74,59811,249],{"class":106},[74,59813,3567],{"class":3504},[74,59815,249],{"class":106},[74,59817,3271],{"class":106},[74,59819,2632],{"class":167},[74,59821,249],{"class":106},[74,59823,620],{"class":167},[74,59825,249],{"class":106},[74,59827,2094],{"class":167},[74,59829,52894],{"class":106},[20,59831,59832,59833,114],{},"The last item in this example is another list. This is called a ",[332,59834,59835],{},"nested list",[20,59837,59838],{},"Python allows mixed types in one list, but beginners should usually keep list data consistent when possible. That makes code easier to read and work with.",[60,59840,4170],{"id":4169},[20,59842,59843],{},"Here are some common problems when creating lists.",[262,59845,59847],{"id":59846},"forgetting-commas-between-items","Forgetting commas between items",[20,59849,59850],{},"This causes a syntax error.",[65,59852,59854],{"className":67,"code":59853,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"# Wrong\nnumbers = [1 2 3]\n",[15,59855,59856,59860],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,59857,59858],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,59859,4187],{"class":3314},[74,59861,59862,59864,59866,59868,59870,59872,59874],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,59863,3266],{"class":80},[74,59865,85],{"class":84},[74,59867,3271],{"class":106},[74,59869,2632],{"class":167},[74,59871,620],{"class":167},[74,59873,2094],{"class":167},[74,59875,3284],{"class":106},[20,59877,1080],{},[65,59879,59881],{"className":67,"code":59880,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,59882,59883],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,59884,59885,59887,59889,59891,59893,59895,59897,59899,59901],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,59886,3266],{"class":80},[74,59888,85],{"class":84},[74,59890,3271],{"class":106},[74,59892,2632],{"class":167},[74,59894,249],{"class":106},[74,59896,620],{"class":167},[74,59898,249],{"class":106},[74,59900,2094],{"class":167},[74,59902,3284],{"class":106},[262,59904,571,59906,10750,59908],{"id":59905},"using-instead-of",[15,59907,7020],{},[15,59909,3438],{},[20,59911,59912],{},"Parentheses usually create a tuple, not a list.",[65,59914,59916],{"className":67,"code":59915,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"my_values = (1, 2, 3)\n\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,59917,59918,59939,59943],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,59919,59920,59923,59925,59927,59929,59931,59933,59935,59937],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,59921,59922],{"class":80},"my_values ",[74,59924,85],{"class":84},[74,59926,8892],{"class":106},[74,59928,2632],{"class":167},[74,59930,249],{"class":106},[74,59932,620],{"class":167},[74,59934,249],{"class":106},[74,59936,2094],{"class":167},[74,59938,260],{"class":106},[74,59940,59941],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,59942,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,59944,59945,59947,59949,59951,59953,59956],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,59946,103],{"class":102},[74,59948,107],{"class":106},[74,59950,1346],{"class":1345},[74,59952,107],{"class":106},[74,59954,59955],{"class":110},"my_values",[74,59957,130],{"class":106},[20,59959,59960],{},[332,59961,157],{},[65,59963,59965],{"className":67,"code":59964,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,59966,59967],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,59968,59969,59971,59973,59975,59977,59979],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,59970,2935],{"class":84},[74,59972,2938],{"class":1711},[74,59974,2941],{"class":88},[74,59976,48605],{"class":92},[74,59978,2946],{"class":88},[74,59980,2949],{"class":84},[20,59982,59983],{},"If you want a list, use square brackets:",[65,59985,59987],{"className":67,"code":59986,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"my_values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,59988,59989,60009],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,59990,59991,59993,59995,59997,59999,60001,60003,60005,60007],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,59992,59922],{"class":80},[74,59994,85],{"class":84},[74,59996,3271],{"class":106},[74,59998,2632],{"class":167},[74,60000,249],{"class":106},[74,60002,620],{"class":167},[74,60004,249],{"class":106},[74,60006,2094],{"class":167},[74,60008,3284],{"class":106},[74,60010,60011,60013,60015,60017,60019,60021],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,60012,103],{"class":102},[74,60014,107],{"class":106},[74,60016,1346],{"class":1345},[74,60018,107],{"class":106},[74,60020,59955],{"class":110},[74,60022,130],{"class":106},[262,60024,923,60026,60029],{"id":60025},"expecting-listhello-world-to-create-a-list-of-words",[15,60027,60028],{},"list(\"hello world\")"," to create a list of words",[20,60031,60032,60034],{},[15,60033,24437],{}," splits a string into individual characters, not words.",[65,60036,60038],{"className":67,"code":60037,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"result = list(\"hello world\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,60039,60040,60059],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,60041,60042,60044,60046,60048,60050,60052,60055,60057],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,60043,383],{"class":80},[74,60045,85],{"class":84},[74,60047,22216],{"class":1345},[74,60049,107],{"class":106},[74,60051,122],{"class":88},[74,60053,60054],{"class":92},"hello world",[74,60056,122],{"class":88},[74,60058,260],{"class":106},[74,60060,60061,60063,60065,60067],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,60062,103],{"class":102},[74,60064,107],{"class":106},[74,60066,418],{"class":110},[74,60068,260],{"class":106},[20,60070,60071],{},[332,60072,157],{},[65,60074,60076],{"className":67,"code":60075,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,60077,60078],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,60079,60080,60082,60084,60087,60089,60091,60093,60096,60098,60100,60102,60105,60107,60109,60111,60113,60115,60117,60119,60122,60124,60126,60128,60130,60132,60134,60137,60139,60141,60143,60145,60147,60149,60151,60154,60156,60158,60160,60162,60164,60166,60168,60170,60172],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,60081,742],{"class":106},[74,60083,2946],{"class":88},[74,60085,60086],{"class":92},"h",[74,60088,2946],{"class":88},[74,60090,249],{"class":106},[74,60092,2941],{"class":88},[74,60094,60095],{"class":92},"e",[74,60097,2946],{"class":88},[74,60099,249],{"class":106},[74,60101,2941],{"class":88},[74,60103,60104],{"class":92},"l",[74,60106,2946],{"class":88},[74,60108,249],{"class":106},[74,60110,2941],{"class":88},[74,60112,60104],{"class":92},[74,60114,2946],{"class":88},[74,60116,249],{"class":106},[74,60118,2941],{"class":88},[74,60120,60121],{"class":92},"o",[74,60123,2946],{"class":88},[74,60125,249],{"class":106},[74,60127,2941],{"class":88},[74,60129,2941],{"class":88},[74,60131,249],{"class":106},[74,60133,2941],{"class":88},[74,60135,60136],{"class":92},"w",[74,60138,2946],{"class":88},[74,60140,249],{"class":106},[74,60142,2941],{"class":88},[74,60144,60121],{"class":92},[74,60146,2946],{"class":88},[74,60148,249],{"class":106},[74,60150,2941],{"class":88},[74,60152,60153],{"class":92},"r",[74,60155,2946],{"class":88},[74,60157,249],{"class":106},[74,60159,2941],{"class":88},[74,60161,60104],{"class":92},[74,60163,2946],{"class":88},[74,60165,249],{"class":106},[74,60167,2941],{"class":88},[74,60169,18422],{"class":92},[74,60171,2946],{"class":88},[74,60173,3284],{"class":106},[20,60175,60176,60177,60180],{},"If you want words, use ",[15,60178,60179],{},"split()"," instead:",[65,60182,60184],{"className":67,"code":60183,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"words = \"hello world\".split()\nprint(words)\n",[15,60185,60186,60204],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,60187,60188,60190,60192,60194,60196,60198,60200,60202],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,60189,3722],{"class":80},[74,60191,85],{"class":84},[74,60193,89],{"class":88},[74,60195,60054],{"class":92},[74,60197,122],{"class":88},[74,60199,114],{"class":106},[74,60201,34127],{"class":110},[74,60203,8299],{"class":106},[74,60205,60206,60208,60210,60212],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,60207,103],{"class":102},[74,60209,107],{"class":106},[74,60211,3764],{"class":110},[74,60213,260],{"class":106},[20,60215,60216],{},[332,60217,157],{},[65,60219,60221],{"className":67,"code":60220,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"['hello', 'world']\n",[15,60222,60223],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,60224,60225,60227,60229,60231,60233,60235,60237,60240,60242],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,60226,742],{"class":106},[74,60228,2946],{"class":88},[74,60230,3497],{"class":92},[74,60232,2946],{"class":88},[74,60234,249],{"class":106},[74,60236,2941],{"class":88},[74,60238,60239],{"class":92},"world",[74,60241,2946],{"class":88},[74,60243,3284],{"class":106},[262,60245,60247],{"id":60246},"adding-mismatched-brackets-or-quotes","Adding mismatched brackets or quotes",[20,60249,60250],{},"This causes syntax errors.",[65,60252,60254],{"className":67,"code":60253,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"# Wrong\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben', \"Cara\"]\n",[15,60255,60256,60260],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,60257,60258],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,60259,4187],{"class":3314},[74,60261,60262,60264,60266,60268,60270,60272,60274,60276,60278,60281,60283,60285,60287],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,60263,4646],{"class":80},[74,60265,85],{"class":84},[74,60267,3271],{"class":106},[74,60269,122],{"class":88},[74,60271,12539],{"class":92},[74,60273,122],{"class":88},[74,60275,249],{"class":106},[74,60277,89],{"class":88},[74,60279,60280],{"class":92},"Ben', ",[74,60282,122],{"class":88},[74,60284,35607],{"class":80},[74,60286,122],{"class":88},[74,60288,3284],{"class":92},[20,60290,60291],{},"Make sure your quotes and brackets match correctly:",[65,60293,60295],{"className":67,"code":60294,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n",[15,60296,60297],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,60298,60299,60301,60303,60305,60307,60309,60311,60313,60315,60317,60319,60321,60323,60325,60327],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,60300,4646],{"class":80},[74,60302,85],{"class":84},[74,60304,3271],{"class":106},[74,60306,122],{"class":88},[74,60308,12539],{"class":92},[74,60310,122],{"class":88},[74,60312,249],{"class":106},[74,60314,89],{"class":88},[74,60316,35598],{"class":92},[74,60318,122],{"class":88},[74,60320,249],{"class":106},[74,60322,89],{"class":88},[74,60324,35607],{"class":92},[74,60326,122],{"class":88},[74,60328,3284],{"class":106},[262,60330,60332],{"id":60331},"common-causes-to-check","Common causes to check",[20,60334,60335],{},"If your list code is not working, check for these issues:",[30,60337,60338,60341,60344,60349],{},[33,60339,60340],{},"Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[33,60342,60343],{},"Leaving out commas between list items",[33,60345,60346,60347],{},"Passing a non-iterable value to ",[15,60348,24437],{},[33,60350,923,60351,60354],{},[15,60352,60353],{},"list(\"abc\")"," to return one string item instead of separate characters",[262,60356,60358],{"id":60357},"useful-debugging-checks","Useful debugging checks",[65,60360,60362],{"className":67,"code":60361,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(list(range(5)))\n",[15,60363,60364,60374,60388,60402],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,60365,60366,60368,60370,60372],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,60367,103],{"class":102},[74,60369,107],{"class":106},[74,60371,7997],{"class":110},[74,60373,260],{"class":106},[74,60375,60376,60378,60380,60382,60384,60386],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,60377,103],{"class":102},[74,60379,107],{"class":106},[74,60381,1346],{"class":1345},[74,60383,107],{"class":106},[74,60385,7997],{"class":110},[74,60387,130],{"class":106},[74,60389,60390,60392,60394,60396,60398,60400],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,60391,103],{"class":102},[74,60393,107],{"class":106},[74,60395,10820],{"class":102},[74,60397,107],{"class":106},[74,60399,7997],{"class":110},[74,60401,130],{"class":106},[74,60403,60404,60406,60408,60410,60412,60414,60416,60418],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,60405,103],{"class":102},[74,60407,107],{"class":106},[74,60409,7751],{"class":1345},[74,60411,107],{"class":106},[74,60413,59646],{"class":102},[74,60415,107],{"class":106},[74,60417,711],{"class":167},[74,60419,2555],{"class":106},[20,60421,25663],{},[30,60423,60424,60427,60430,60433],{},[33,60425,60426],{},"what the list contains",[33,60428,60429],{},"whether the value is really a list",[33,60431,60432],{},"how many items it has",[33,60434,35,60435,60437,60438],{},[15,60436,24437],{}," does with ",[15,60439,35854],{},[60,60441,60443],{"id":60442},"when-to-use-this-page-vs-related-pages","When to use this page vs related pages",[20,60445,60446],{},"Use this page when you want to learn how to create a list.",[20,60448,60449],{},"Use related pages for the next step:",[30,60451,60452,60467,60472],{},[33,60453,176,60454,220,60458,16730,60462,60466],{},[125,60455,60456],{"href":56421},[15,60457,52305],{},[125,60459,60460],{"href":52996},[15,60461,53098],{},[125,60463,60464],{"href":53560},[15,60465,53920],{}," to add items later",[33,60468,176,60469,60471],{},[125,60470,59043],{"href":50631}," for a broader introduction",[33,60473,176,60474,60478],{},[125,60475,60476,59706],{"href":59703},[15,60477,24437],{}," for more detail about converting values into lists",[60,60480,1471],{"id":1470},[262,60482,60484],{"id":60483},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-list-in-python","How do I create an empty list in Python?",[20,60486,60487],{},"Use empty square brackets:",[65,60489,60490],{"className":67,"code":37953,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,60491,60492],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,60493,60494],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,60495,37953],{"class":106},[262,60497,60499],{"id":60498},"what-is-the-most-common-way-to-create-a-list","What is the most common way to create a list?",[20,60501,60502],{},"Use square brackets with comma-separated items, such as:",[65,60504,60505],{"className":67,"code":54802,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,60506,60507],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,60508,60509,60511,60513,60515,60517,60519,60521],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,60510,742],{"class":106},[74,60512,2632],{"class":167},[74,60514,249],{"class":106},[74,60516,620],{"class":167},[74,60518,249],{"class":106},[74,60520,2094],{"class":167},[74,60522,3284],{"class":106},[262,60524,1495,60526,60528],{"id":60525},"what-does-list-do-in-python",[15,60527,24437],{}," do in Python?",[20,60530,60531,60532,60534],{},"It converts another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,60533,35854],{},", into a list.",[262,60536,60538],{"id":60537},"can-a-python-list-store-different-data-types","Can a Python list store different data types?",[20,60540,60541],{},"Yes. A list can store mixed types like strings, numbers, and booleans.",[262,60543,4828,60545,51,60547,2135],{"id":60544},"what-is-the-difference-between-and",[15,60546,3438],{},[15,60548,7020],{},[20,60550,60551,60553,60554,60556],{},[15,60552,3438],{}," creates a list. ",[15,60555,7020],{}," usually creates a tuple.",[60,60558,1527],{"id":1526},[30,60560,60561,60565,60571,60577,60583,60589,60593],{},[33,60562,60563],{},[125,60564,59043],{"href":50631},[33,60566,60567],{},[125,60568,55172,60569,18],{"href":56421},[15,60570,52305],{},[33,60572,60573],{},[125,60574,55172,60575,18],{"href":52996},[15,60576,53098],{},[33,60578,60579],{},[125,60580,55172,60581,18],{"href":53560},[15,60582,53920],{},[33,60584,60585],{},[125,60586,3223,60587,3227],{"href":59703},[15,60588,24437],{},[33,60590,60591],{},[125,60592,59046],{"href":58144},[33,60594,60595],{},[125,60596,60597],{"href":11723},"Mutability in Python Explained",[20,60599,60600,60601,60603],{},"Next step: learn how to add, access, and change list items using ",[15,60602,52305],{},", indexing, and slicing.",[1566,60605,60606],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":70,"searchDepth":99,"depth":99,"links":60608},[60609,60610,60611,60612,60615,60616,60622,60623,60633,60634,60643],{"id":3255,"depth":99,"text":3256},{"id":14819,"depth":99,"text":14820},{"id":58938,"depth":99,"text":58939},{"id":59049,"depth":99,"text":59050,"children":60613},[60614],{"id":59251,"depth":133,"text":59252},{"id":59267,"depth":99,"text":59268},{"id":59464,"depth":99,"text":60617,"children":60618},"Create a list with list()",[60619,60620,60621],{"id":59489,"depth":133,"text":59490},{"id":59562,"depth":133,"text":59563},{"id":59627,"depth":133,"text":59628},{"id":59709,"depth":99,"text":59710},{"id":4169,"depth":99,"text":4170,"children":60624},[60625,60626,60628,60630,60631,60632],{"id":59846,"depth":133,"text":59847},{"id":59905,"depth":133,"text":60627},"Using () instead of []",{"id":60025,"depth":133,"text":60629},"Expecting list(\"hello world\") to create a list of words",{"id":60246,"depth":133,"text":60247},{"id":60331,"depth":133,"text":60332},{"id":60357,"depth":133,"text":60358},{"id":60442,"depth":99,"text":60443},{"id":1470,"depth":99,"text":1471,"children":60635},[60636,60637,60638,60640,60641],{"id":60483,"depth":133,"text":60484},{"id":60498,"depth":133,"text":60499},{"id":60525,"depth":133,"text":60639},"What does list() do in Python?",{"id":60537,"depth":133,"text":60538},{"id":60544,"depth":133,"text":60642},"What is the difference between [] and ()?",{"id":1526,"depth":99,"text":1527},"Master python list creating a list in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list",{"title":58680,"description":60644},"reference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list","qsr8XW8AjVDmPmBKxRn9AxuodoiKbvD3OgKNyhirhog",{"id":60651,"title":60652,"body":60653,"description":62393,"extension":1610,"meta":62394,"navigation":407,"path":62395,"seo":62396,"stem":62397,"__hash__":62398},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method.md","Python List extend() Method",{"type":7,"value":60654,"toc":62348},[60655,60660,60665,60668,60670,60741,60746,60751,60755,60769,60774,60776,60796,60801,60804,60826,60830,60835,60927,60929,60951,60957,60963,60970,60977,60983,61040,61046,61104,61106,61118,61126,61132,61137,61141,61198,61201,61205,61264,61267,61271,61329,61341,61345,61398,61401,61405,61411,61417,61479,61482,61543,61546,61602,61607,61609,61613,61620,61681,61686,61695,61751,61758,61762,61820,61829,61887,61891,61926,61930,61940,61943,61998,62012,62015,62130,62135,62139,62150,62152,62231,62241,62243,62248,62253,62260,62268,62274,62277,62283,62286,62292,62298,62300,62336,62345],[10,60656,53994,60658,18],{"id":60657},"python-list-extend-method",[15,60659,53098],{},[20,60661,60662,60664],{},[15,60663,52999],{}," adds items from another iterable to the end of a list.",[20,60666,60667],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it updates the same list instead of creating a new one. This method is useful when you want to add multiple values at once.",[60,60669,63],{"id":62},[65,60671,60673],{"className":67,"code":60672,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [1, 2]\nmore_numbers = [3, 4]\n\nnumbers.extend(more_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,60674,60675,60691,60708,60712,60727,60737],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,60676,60677,60679,60681,60683,60685,60687,60689],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,60678,3266],{"class":80},[74,60680,85],{"class":84},[74,60682,3271],{"class":106},[74,60684,2632],{"class":167},[74,60686,249],{"class":106},[74,60688,620],{"class":167},[74,60690,3284],{"class":106},[74,60692,60693,60696,60698,60700,60702,60704,60706],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,60694,60695],{"class":80},"more_numbers ",[74,60697,85],{"class":84},[74,60699,3271],{"class":106},[74,60701,321],{"class":167},[74,60703,249],{"class":106},[74,60705,2100],{"class":167},[74,60707,3284],{"class":106},[74,60709,60710],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,60711,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,60713,60714,60716,60718,60720,60722,60725],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,60715,3298],{"class":80},[74,60717,114],{"class":106},[74,60719,53128],{"class":110},[74,60721,107],{"class":106},[74,60723,60724],{"class":110},"more_numbers",[74,60726,260],{"class":106},[74,60728,60729,60731,60733,60735],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,60730,103],{"class":102},[74,60732,107],{"class":106},[74,60734,3298],{"class":110},[74,60736,260],{"class":106},[74,60738,60739],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,60740,52375],{"class":3314},[20,60742,176,60743,60745],{},[15,60744,53098],{}," when you want to add each item from another iterable into the same list.",[60,60747,3328,60749,38],{"id":60748},"what-listextend-does",[15,60750,52999],{},[20,60752,60753,679],{},[15,60754,53098],{},[30,60756,60757,60760,60762,60765],{},[33,60758,60759],{},"Adds items from another iterable to the end of a list",[33,60761,54080],{},[33,60763,60764],{},"Does not create a new list",[33,60766,11082,60767],{},[15,60768,3429],{},[20,60770,60771,60772,53453],{},"This is an important point: ",[15,60773,53098],{},[60,60775,227],{"id":226},[65,60777,60779],{"className":67,"code":60778,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"list_name.extend(iterable)\n",[15,60780,60781],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,60782,60783,60786,60788,60790,60792,60794],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,60784,60785],{"class":80},"list_name",[74,60787,114],{"class":106},[74,60789,53128],{"class":110},[74,60791,107],{"class":106},[74,60793,3371],{"class":110},[74,60795,260],{"class":106},[20,60797,5102,60798,60800],{},[332,60799,3371],{},". An iterable is something Python can loop through one item at a time.",[20,60802,60803],{},"Common iterables include:",[30,60805,60806,60810,60814,60818,60822],{},[33,60807,60808],{},[15,60809,7751],{},[33,60811,60812],{},[15,60813,48605],{},[33,60815,60816],{},[15,60817,5939],{},[33,60819,60820],{},[15,60821,237],{},[33,60823,60824],{},[15,60825,59646],{},[60,60827,60829],{"id":60828},"simple-example-with-another-list","Simple example with another list",[20,60831,60832,60833,679],{},"Here is the most common use of ",[15,60834,53098],{},[65,60836,60838],{"className":67,"code":60837,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nmore_fruits = [\"orange\", \"grape\"]\n\nfruits.extend(more_fruits)\n\nprint(fruits)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,60839,60840,60864,60889,60893,60908,60912,60922],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,60841,60842,60844,60846,60848,60850,60852,60854,60856,60858,60860,60862],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,60843,35895],{"class":80},[74,60845,85],{"class":84},[74,60847,3271],{"class":106},[74,60849,122],{"class":88},[74,60851,376],{"class":92},[74,60853,122],{"class":88},[74,60855,249],{"class":106},[74,60857,89],{"class":88},[74,60859,93],{"class":92},[74,60861,122],{"class":88},[74,60863,3284],{"class":106},[74,60865,60866,60869,60871,60873,60875,60877,60879,60881,60883,60885,60887],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,60867,60868],{"class":80},"more_fruits ",[74,60870,85],{"class":84},[74,60872,3271],{"class":106},[74,60874,122],{"class":88},[74,60876,32878],{"class":92},[74,60878,122],{"class":88},[74,60880,249],{"class":106},[74,60882,89],{"class":88},[74,60884,22189],{"class":92},[74,60886,122],{"class":88},[74,60888,3284],{"class":106},[74,60890,60891],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,60892,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,60894,60895,60897,60899,60901,60903,60906],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,60896,35947],{"class":80},[74,60898,114],{"class":106},[74,60900,53128],{"class":110},[74,60902,107],{"class":106},[74,60904,60905],{"class":110},"more_fruits",[74,60907,260],{"class":106},[74,60909,60910],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,60911,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,60913,60914,60916,60918,60920],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,60915,103],{"class":102},[74,60917,107],{"class":106},[74,60919,35947],{"class":110},[74,60921,260],{"class":106},[74,60923,60924],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,60925,60926],{"class":3314},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[20,60928,11341],{},[30,60930,60931,60936,60941],{},[33,60932,60933,60935],{},[15,60934,35947],{}," starts with two items",[33,60937,60938,60940],{},[15,60939,60905],{}," has two more items",[33,60942,60943,60945,60946,60948,60949],{},[15,60944,53098],{}," adds each item from ",[15,60947,60905],{}," to ",[15,60950,35947],{},[20,60952,60953,60954,60956],{},"After the method runs, ",[15,60955,35947],{}," contains all four items.",[20,60958,54219,60959,51,60961,114],{},[125,60960,52423],{"href":50631},[125,60962,56807],{"href":56806},[60,60964,60966,10243,60968],{"id":60965},"extend-vs-append",[15,60967,53098],{},[15,60969,52305],{},[20,60971,60972,51,60974,60976],{},[15,60973,53098],{},[15,60975,52305],{}," are often confused.",[262,60978,60980,60982],{"id":60979},"extend-adds-each-item-from-the-iterable",[15,60981,53098],{}," adds each item from the iterable",[65,60984,60986],{"className":67,"code":60985,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,60987,60988,61004,61022,61026,61036],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,60989,60990,60992,60994,60996,60998,61000,61002],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,60991,3266],{"class":80},[74,60993,85],{"class":84},[74,60995,3271],{"class":106},[74,60997,2632],{"class":167},[74,60999,249],{"class":106},[74,61001,620],{"class":167},[74,61003,3284],{"class":106},[74,61005,61006,61008,61010,61012,61014,61016,61018,61020],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,61007,3298],{"class":80},[74,61009,114],{"class":106},[74,61011,53128],{"class":110},[74,61013,2629],{"class":106},[74,61015,321],{"class":167},[74,61017,249],{"class":106},[74,61019,2100],{"class":167},[74,61021,751],{"class":106},[74,61023,61024],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,61025,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,61027,61028,61030,61032,61034],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,61029,103],{"class":102},[74,61031,107],{"class":106},[74,61033,3298],{"class":110},[74,61035,260],{"class":106},[74,61037,61038],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,61039,52375],{"class":3314},[262,61041,61043,61045],{"id":61042},"append-adds-the-whole-object-as-one-item",[15,61044,52305],{}," adds the whole object as one item",[65,61047,61049],{"className":67,"code":61048,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,61050,61051,61067,61085,61089,61099],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,61052,61053,61055,61057,61059,61061,61063,61065],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,61054,3266],{"class":80},[74,61056,85],{"class":84},[74,61058,3271],{"class":106},[74,61060,2632],{"class":167},[74,61062,249],{"class":106},[74,61064,620],{"class":167},[74,61066,3284],{"class":106},[74,61068,61069,61071,61073,61075,61077,61079,61081,61083],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,61070,3298],{"class":80},[74,61072,114],{"class":106},[74,61074,13210],{"class":110},[74,61076,2629],{"class":106},[74,61078,321],{"class":167},[74,61080,249],{"class":106},[74,61082,2100],{"class":167},[74,61084,751],{"class":106},[74,61086,61087],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,61088,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,61090,61091,61093,61095,61097],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,61092,103],{"class":102},[74,61094,107],{"class":106},[74,61096,3298],{"class":110},[74,61098,260],{"class":106},[74,61100,61101],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,61102,61103],{"class":3314},"# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[20,61105,18349],{},[30,61107,61108,61113],{},[33,61109,61110,61112],{},[15,61111,53098],{}," to combine values",[33,61114,61115,61117],{},[15,61116,52305],{}," to add one item",[20,61119,41748,61120,51,61124,114],{},[125,61121,55172,61122,10399],{"href":56421},[15,61123,52305],{},[125,61125,52701],{"href":52700},[60,61127,571,61129,61131],{"id":61128},"using-extend-with-different-iterables",[15,61130,53098],{}," with different iterables",[20,61133,61134,61136],{},[15,61135,53098],{}," works with more than just lists.",[262,61138,61140],{"id":61139},"extend-with-a-tuple","Extend with a tuple",[65,61142,61144],{"className":67,"code":61143,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"values = [1, 2]\nvalues.extend((3, 4))\n\nprint(values)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61145,61146,61162,61180,61184,61194],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,61147,61148,61150,61152,61154,61156,61158,61160],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,61149,3474],{"class":80},[74,61151,85],{"class":84},[74,61153,3271],{"class":106},[74,61155,2632],{"class":167},[74,61157,249],{"class":106},[74,61159,620],{"class":167},[74,61161,3284],{"class":106},[74,61163,61164,61166,61168,61170,61172,61174,61176,61178],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,61165,5008],{"class":80},[74,61167,114],{"class":106},[74,61169,53128],{"class":110},[74,61171,5161],{"class":106},[74,61173,321],{"class":167},[74,61175,249],{"class":106},[74,61177,2100],{"class":167},[74,61179,130],{"class":106},[74,61181,61182],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,61183,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,61185,61186,61188,61190,61192],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,61187,103],{"class":102},[74,61189,107],{"class":106},[74,61191,5008],{"class":110},[74,61193,260],{"class":106},[74,61195,61196],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,61197,52375],{"class":3314},[20,61199,61200],{},"Each tuple item is added to the list.",[262,61202,61204],{"id":61203},"extend-with-a-string","Extend with a string",[65,61206,61208],{"className":67,"code":61207,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"letters = [\"a\"]\nletters.extend(\"bc\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,61209,61210,61226,61245,61249,61259],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,61211,61212,61214,61216,61218,61220,61222,61224],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,61213,35746],{"class":80},[74,61215,85],{"class":84},[74,61217,3271],{"class":106},[74,61219,122],{"class":88},[74,61221,125],{"class":92},[74,61223,122],{"class":88},[74,61225,3284],{"class":106},[74,61227,61228,61230,61232,61234,61236,61238,61241,61243],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,61229,35799],{"class":80},[74,61231,114],{"class":106},[74,61233,53128],{"class":110},[74,61235,107],{"class":106},[74,61237,122],{"class":88},[74,61239,61240],{"class":92},"bc",[74,61242,122],{"class":88},[74,61244,260],{"class":106},[74,61246,61247],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,61248,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,61250,61251,61253,61255,61257],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,61252,103],{"class":102},[74,61254,107],{"class":106},[74,61256,35799],{"class":110},[74,61258,260],{"class":106},[74,61260,61261],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,61262,61263],{"class":3314},"# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[20,61265,61266],{},"A string is iterable, so each character is added separately.",[262,61268,61270],{"id":61269},"extend-with-a-range","Extend with a range",[65,61272,61274],{"className":67,"code":61273,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [0]\nnumbers.extend(range(1, 4))\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,61275,61276,61288,61310,61314,61324],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,61277,61278,61280,61282,61284,61286],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,61279,3266],{"class":80},[74,61281,85],{"class":84},[74,61283,3271],{"class":106},[74,61285,327],{"class":167},[74,61287,3284],{"class":106},[74,61289,61290,61292,61294,61296,61298,61300,61302,61304,61306,61308],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,61291,3298],{"class":80},[74,61293,114],{"class":106},[74,61295,53128],{"class":110},[74,61297,107],{"class":106},[74,61299,59646],{"class":102},[74,61301,107],{"class":106},[74,61303,2632],{"class":167},[74,61305,249],{"class":106},[74,61307,2100],{"class":167},[74,61309,130],{"class":106},[74,61311,61312],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,61313,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,61315,61316,61318,61320,61322],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,61317,103],{"class":102},[74,61319,107],{"class":106},[74,61321,3298],{"class":110},[74,61323,260],{"class":106},[74,61325,61326],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,61327,61328],{"class":3314},"# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[20,61330,61331,61334,61335,220,61337,16730,61339,114],{},[15,61332,61333],{},"range(1, 4)"," produces ",[15,61336,2632],{},[15,61338,687],{},[15,61340,321],{},[262,61342,61344],{"id":61343},"extend-with-a-set","Extend with a set",[65,61346,61348],{"className":67,"code":61347,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"items = [1, 2]\nitems.extend({3, 4})\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,61349,61350,61366,61384,61388],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,61351,61352,61354,61356,61358,61360,61362,61364],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,61353,7435],{"class":80},[74,61355,85],{"class":84},[74,61357,3271],{"class":106},[74,61359,2632],{"class":167},[74,61361,249],{"class":106},[74,61363,620],{"class":167},[74,61365,3284],{"class":106},[74,61367,61368,61370,61372,61374,61376,61378,61380,61382],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,61369,7466],{"class":80},[74,61371,114],{"class":106},[74,61373,53128],{"class":110},[74,61375,5180],{"class":106},[74,61377,321],{"class":167},[74,61379,249],{"class":106},[74,61381,2100],{"class":167},[74,61383,30152],{"class":106},[74,61385,61386],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,61387,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,61389,61390,61392,61394,61396],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,61391,103],{"class":102},[74,61393,107],{"class":106},[74,61395,7466],{"class":110},[74,61397,260],{"class":106},[20,61399,61400],{},"A set works too, but the order may not be predictable.",[60,61402,61404],{"id":61403},"important-return-value-rule","Important return value rule",[20,61406,61407,2039,61409,114],{},[15,61408,53098],{},[15,61410,3429],{},[20,61412,61413,61414,679],{},"That means this is ",[332,61415,61416],{},"wrong",[65,61418,61420],{"className":67,"code":61419,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [1, 2]\nresult = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,61421,61422,61438,61460,61464,61474],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,61423,61424,61426,61428,61430,61432,61434,61436],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,61425,3266],{"class":80},[74,61427,85],{"class":84},[74,61429,3271],{"class":106},[74,61431,2632],{"class":167},[74,61433,249],{"class":106},[74,61435,620],{"class":167},[74,61437,3284],{"class":106},[74,61439,61440,61442,61444,61446,61448,61450,61452,61454,61456,61458],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,61441,383],{"class":80},[74,61443,85],{"class":84},[74,61445,3914],{"class":80},[74,61447,114],{"class":106},[74,61449,53128],{"class":110},[74,61451,2629],{"class":106},[74,61453,321],{"class":167},[74,61455,249],{"class":106},[74,61457,2100],{"class":167},[74,61459,751],{"class":106},[74,61461,61462],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,61463,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,61465,61466,61468,61470,61472],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,61467,103],{"class":102},[74,61469,107],{"class":106},[74,61471,418],{"class":110},[74,61473,260],{"class":106},[74,61475,61476],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,61477,61478],{"class":3314},"# None\n",[20,61480,61481],{},"And this is also a common mistake:",[65,61483,61485],{"className":67,"code":61484,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# None\n",[15,61486,61487,61503,61525,61529,61539],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,61488,61489,61491,61493,61495,61497,61499,61501],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,61490,3266],{"class":80},[74,61492,85],{"class":84},[74,61494,3271],{"class":106},[74,61496,2632],{"class":167},[74,61498,249],{"class":106},[74,61500,620],{"class":167},[74,61502,3284],{"class":106},[74,61504,61505,61507,61509,61511,61513,61515,61517,61519,61521,61523],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,61506,3266],{"class":80},[74,61508,85],{"class":84},[74,61510,3914],{"class":80},[74,61512,114],{"class":106},[74,61514,53128],{"class":110},[74,61516,2629],{"class":106},[74,61518,321],{"class":167},[74,61520,249],{"class":106},[74,61522,2100],{"class":167},[74,61524,751],{"class":106},[74,61526,61527],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,61528,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,61530,61531,61533,61535,61537],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,61532,103],{"class":102},[74,61534,107],{"class":106},[74,61536,3298],{"class":110},[74,61538,260],{"class":106},[74,61540,61541],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,61542,61478],{"class":3314},[20,61544,61545],{},"The correct way is:",[65,61547,61548],{"className":67,"code":60985,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,61549,61550,61566,61584,61588,61598],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,61551,61552,61554,61556,61558,61560,61562,61564],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,61553,3266],{"class":80},[74,61555,85],{"class":84},[74,61557,3271],{"class":106},[74,61559,2632],{"class":167},[74,61561,249],{"class":106},[74,61563,620],{"class":167},[74,61565,3284],{"class":106},[74,61567,61568,61570,61572,61574,61576,61578,61580,61582],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,61569,3298],{"class":80},[74,61571,114],{"class":106},[74,61573,53128],{"class":110},[74,61575,2629],{"class":106},[74,61577,321],{"class":167},[74,61579,249],{"class":106},[74,61581,2100],{"class":167},[74,61583,751],{"class":106},[74,61585,61586],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,61587,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,61589,61590,61592,61594,61596],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,61591,103],{"class":102},[74,61593,107],{"class":106},[74,61595,3298],{"class":110},[74,61597,260],{"class":106},[74,61599,61600],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,61601,52375],{"class":3314},[20,61603,55561,61604,61606],{},[15,61605,53098],{}," first, then use the original list.",[60,61608,4170],{"id":4169},[20,61610,14391,61611,114],{},[15,61612,53098],{},[262,61614,61616,61617,61619],{"id":61615},"_1-expecting-extend-to-return-a-new-list","1. Expecting ",[15,61618,53098],{}," to return a new list",[65,61621,61623],{"className":67,"code":61622,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnew_numbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n# None\n",[15,61624,61625,61641,61663,61667,61677],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,61626,61627,61629,61631,61633,61635,61637,61639],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,61628,3266],{"class":80},[74,61630,85],{"class":84},[74,61632,3271],{"class":106},[74,61634,2632],{"class":167},[74,61636,249],{"class":106},[74,61638,620],{"class":167},[74,61640,3284],{"class":106},[74,61642,61643,61645,61647,61649,61651,61653,61655,61657,61659,61661],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,61644,55294],{"class":80},[74,61646,85],{"class":84},[74,61648,3914],{"class":80},[74,61650,114],{"class":106},[74,61652,53128],{"class":110},[74,61654,2629],{"class":106},[74,61656,321],{"class":167},[74,61658,249],{"class":106},[74,61660,2100],{"class":167},[74,61662,751],{"class":106},[74,61664,61665],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,61666,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,61668,61669,61671,61673,61675],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,61670,103],{"class":102},[74,61672,107],{"class":106},[74,61674,55313],{"class":110},[74,61676,260],{"class":106},[74,61678,61679],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,61680,61478],{"class":3314},[20,61682,61683,61684,114],{},"Fix: use the original list after calling ",[15,61685,53098],{},[262,61687,61689,61690,1462,61692,61694],{"id":61688},"_2-using-append-when-extend-is-needed","2. Using ",[15,61691,52305],{},[15,61693,53098],{}," is needed",[65,61696,61697],{"className":67,"code":61048,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,61698,61699,61715,61733,61737,61747],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,61700,61701,61703,61705,61707,61709,61711,61713],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,61702,3266],{"class":80},[74,61704,85],{"class":84},[74,61706,3271],{"class":106},[74,61708,2632],{"class":167},[74,61710,249],{"class":106},[74,61712,620],{"class":167},[74,61714,3284],{"class":106},[74,61716,61717,61719,61721,61723,61725,61727,61729,61731],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,61718,3298],{"class":80},[74,61720,114],{"class":106},[74,61722,13210],{"class":110},[74,61724,2629],{"class":106},[74,61726,321],{"class":167},[74,61728,249],{"class":106},[74,61730,2100],{"class":167},[74,61732,751],{"class":106},[74,61734,61735],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,61736,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,61738,61739,61741,61743,61745],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,61740,103],{"class":102},[74,61742,107],{"class":106},[74,61744,3298],{"class":110},[74,61746,260],{"class":106},[74,61748,61749],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,61750,61103],{"class":3314},[20,61752,61753,61754,53543,61756,6284],{},"If you wanted ",[15,61755,53542],{},[15,61757,53098],{},[262,61759,61761],{"id":61760},"_3-passing-a-string-and-being-surprised-by-separate-characters","3. Passing a string and being surprised by separate characters",[65,61763,61765],{"className":67,"code":61764,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.extend(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,61766,61767,61783,61801,61805,61815],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,61768,61769,61771,61773,61775,61777,61779,61781],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,61770,3722],{"class":80},[74,61772,85],{"class":84},[74,61774,3271],{"class":106},[74,61776,122],{"class":88},[74,61778,3497],{"class":92},[74,61780,122],{"class":88},[74,61782,3284],{"class":106},[74,61784,61785,61787,61789,61791,61793,61795,61797,61799],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,61786,3764],{"class":80},[74,61788,114],{"class":106},[74,61790,53128],{"class":110},[74,61792,107],{"class":106},[74,61794,122],{"class":88},[74,61796,60239],{"class":92},[74,61798,122],{"class":88},[74,61800,260],{"class":106},[74,61802,61803],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,61804,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,61806,61807,61809,61811,61813],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,61808,103],{"class":102},[74,61810,107],{"class":106},[74,61812,3764],{"class":110},[74,61814,260],{"class":106},[74,61816,61817],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,61818,61819],{"class":3314},"# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[20,61821,61822,61823,61826,61827,679],{},"If you want ",[15,61824,61825],{},"\"world\""," as one item, use ",[15,61828,52305],{},[65,61830,61832],{"className":67,"code":61831,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.append(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'world']\n",[15,61833,61834,61850,61868,61872,61882],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,61835,61836,61838,61840,61842,61844,61846,61848],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,61837,3722],{"class":80},[74,61839,85],{"class":84},[74,61841,3271],{"class":106},[74,61843,122],{"class":88},[74,61845,3497],{"class":92},[74,61847,122],{"class":88},[74,61849,3284],{"class":106},[74,61851,61852,61854,61856,61858,61860,61862,61864,61866],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,61853,3764],{"class":80},[74,61855,114],{"class":106},[74,61857,13210],{"class":110},[74,61859,107],{"class":106},[74,61861,122],{"class":88},[74,61863,60239],{"class":92},[74,61865,122],{"class":88},[74,61867,260],{"class":106},[74,61869,61870],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,61871,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,61873,61874,61876,61878,61880],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,61875,103],{"class":102},[74,61877,107],{"class":106},[74,61879,3764],{"class":110},[74,61881,260],{"class":106},[74,61883,61884],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,61885,61886],{"class":3314},"# ['hello', 'world']\n",[262,61888,61890],{"id":61889},"_4-trying-to-extend-with-a-non-iterable-like-an-integer","4. Trying to extend with a non-iterable like an integer",[65,61892,61894],{"className":67,"code":61893,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend(5)\n",[15,61895,61896,61912],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,61897,61898,61900,61902,61904,61906,61908,61910],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,61899,3266],{"class":80},[74,61901,85],{"class":84},[74,61903,3271],{"class":106},[74,61905,2632],{"class":167},[74,61907,249],{"class":106},[74,61909,620],{"class":167},[74,61911,3284],{"class":106},[74,61913,61914,61916,61918,61920,61922,61924],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,61915,3298],{"class":80},[74,61917,114],{"class":106},[74,61919,53128],{"class":110},[74,61921,107],{"class":106},[74,61923,711],{"class":167},[74,61925,260],{"class":106},[20,61927,39310,61928,6205],{},[15,61929,711],{},[20,61931,61932,61933,61935,61936,61939],{},"You will get a ",[15,61934,2649],{},". See ",[125,61937,61938],{"href":52252},"TypeError: int object is not iterable"," for help fixing that error.",[20,61941,61942],{},"Useful checks while debugging:",[65,61944,61946],{"className":67,"code":61945,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result))\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,61947,61948,61958,61972,61984],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,61949,61950,61952,61954,61956],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,61951,103],{"class":102},[74,61953,107],{"class":106},[74,61955,7997],{"class":110},[74,61957,260],{"class":106},[74,61959,61960,61962,61964,61966,61968,61970],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,61961,103],{"class":102},[74,61963,107],{"class":106},[74,61965,1346],{"class":1345},[74,61967,107],{"class":106},[74,61969,5008],{"class":110},[74,61971,130],{"class":106},[74,61973,61974,61976,61978,61980,61982],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,61975,103],{"class":102},[74,61977,107],{"class":106},[74,61979,418],{"class":110},[74,61981,3311],{"class":106},[74,61983,260],{"class":80},[74,61985,61986,61988,61990,61992,61994,61996],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,61987,31809],{"class":102},[74,61989,107],{"class":106},[74,61991,7751],{"class":1345},[74,61993,114],{"class":106},[74,61995,53128],{"class":24406},[74,61997,260],{"class":106},[43235,61999,62000],{},[20,62001,62002,62003,62006,62007,62009,62010,114],{},"Note: ",[15,62004,62005],{},"print(result))"," has an extra ",[15,62008,3311],{}," and would cause a syntax error. The correct version is ",[15,62011,32684],{},[20,62013,62014],{},"Correct debugging example:",[65,62016,62018],{"className":67,"code":62017,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"my_list = [1, 2]\nvalues = [3, 4]\n\nmy_list.extend(values)\n\nresult = None\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result)\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,62019,62020,62036,62052,62056,62070,62074,62082,62092,62106,62116],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,62021,62022,62024,62026,62028,62030,62032,62034],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,62023,7966],{"class":80},[74,62025,85],{"class":84},[74,62027,3271],{"class":106},[74,62029,2632],{"class":167},[74,62031,249],{"class":106},[74,62033,620],{"class":167},[74,62035,3284],{"class":106},[74,62037,62038,62040,62042,62044,62046,62048,62050],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,62039,3474],{"class":80},[74,62041,85],{"class":84},[74,62043,3271],{"class":106},[74,62045,321],{"class":167},[74,62047,249],{"class":106},[74,62049,2100],{"class":167},[74,62051,3284],{"class":106},[74,62053,62054],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,62055,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,62057,62058,62060,62062,62064,62066,62068],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,62059,7997],{"class":80},[74,62061,114],{"class":106},[74,62063,53128],{"class":110},[74,62065,107],{"class":106},[74,62067,5008],{"class":110},[74,62069,260],{"class":106},[74,62071,62072],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,62073,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,62075,62076,62078,62080],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,62077,383],{"class":80},[74,62079,85],{"class":84},[74,62081,48179],{"class":3504},[74,62083,62084,62086,62088,62090],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,62085,103],{"class":102},[74,62087,107],{"class":106},[74,62089,7997],{"class":110},[74,62091,260],{"class":106},[74,62093,62094,62096,62098,62100,62102,62104],{"class":76,"line":6079},[74,62095,103],{"class":102},[74,62097,107],{"class":106},[74,62099,1346],{"class":1345},[74,62101,107],{"class":106},[74,62103,5008],{"class":110},[74,62105,130],{"class":106},[74,62107,62108,62110,62112,62114],{"class":76,"line":6085},[74,62109,103],{"class":102},[74,62111,107],{"class":106},[74,62113,418],{"class":110},[74,62115,260],{"class":106},[74,62117,62118,62120,62122,62124,62126,62128],{"class":76,"line":6090},[74,62119,31809],{"class":102},[74,62121,107],{"class":106},[74,62123,7751],{"class":1345},[74,62125,114],{"class":106},[74,62127,53128],{"class":24406},[74,62129,260],{"class":106},[60,62131,1260,62133],{"id":62132},"when-to-use-extend",[15,62134,53098],{},[20,62136,176,62137,5970],{},[15,62138,53098],{},[30,62140,62141,62144,62147],{},[33,62142,62143],{},"Merge two lists into one existing list",[33,62145,62146],{},"Add multiple values at once",[33,62148,62149],{},"Build a list step by step without creating a new list",[20,62151,5122],{},[65,62153,62155],{"className":67,"code":62154,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"all_scores = [90, 85]\nnew_scores = [88, 92]\n\nall_scores.extend(new_scores)\n\nprint(all_scores)\n# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[15,62156,62157,62174,62192,62196,62212,62216,62226],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,62158,62159,62162,62164,62166,62168,62170,62172],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,62160,62161],{"class":80},"all_scores ",[74,62163,85],{"class":84},[74,62165,3271],{"class":106},[74,62167,13159],{"class":167},[74,62169,249],{"class":106},[74,62171,13164],{"class":167},[74,62173,3284],{"class":106},[74,62175,62176,62179,62181,62183,62185,62187,62190],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,62177,62178],{"class":80},"new_scores ",[74,62180,85],{"class":84},[74,62182,3271],{"class":106},[74,62184,51157],{"class":167},[74,62186,249],{"class":106},[74,62188,62189],{"class":167}," 92",[74,62191,3284],{"class":106},[74,62193,62194],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,62195,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,62197,62198,62201,62203,62205,62207,62210],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,62199,62200],{"class":80},"all_scores",[74,62202,114],{"class":106},[74,62204,53128],{"class":110},[74,62206,107],{"class":106},[74,62208,62209],{"class":110},"new_scores",[74,62211,260],{"class":106},[74,62213,62214],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,62215,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,62217,62218,62220,62222,62224],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,62219,103],{"class":102},[74,62221,107],{"class":106},[74,62223,62200],{"class":110},[74,62225,260],{"class":106},[74,62227,62228],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,62229,62230],{"class":3314},"# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[20,62232,62233,62234,62236,62237,114],{},"If you need to add just one value, ",[15,62235,52305],{}," is usually better. If you need to add an item at a specific position, see ",[125,62238,55172,62239,10399],{"href":53560},[15,62240,53920],{},[60,62242,1471],{"id":1470},[262,62244,1517,62246,55121],{"id":62245},"does-listextend-return-a-new-list",[15,62247,52999],{},[20,62249,62250,62251,114],{},"No. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,62252,3429],{},[262,62254,4828,62256,51,62258,2135],{"id":62255},"what-is-the-difference-between-extend-and-append",[15,62257,53098],{},[15,62259,52305],{},[20,62261,62262,62264,62265,62267],{},[15,62263,53098],{}," adds each item from an iterable. ",[15,62266,52305],{}," adds one item as a single element.",[262,62269,27983,62271,62273],{"id":62270},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-string",[15,62272,53098],{}," with a string?",[20,62275,62276],{},"Yes, but each character is added separately.",[262,62278,27983,62280,62282],{"id":62279},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-tuple",[15,62281,53098],{}," with a tuple?",[20,62284,62285],{},"Yes. Each tuple item is added to the list.",[262,62287,62289,62290,2135],{"id":62288},"what-happens-if-i-pass-an-integer-to-extend","What happens if I pass an integer to ",[15,62291,53098],{},[20,62293,62294,62295,62297],{},"You get a ",[15,62296,2649],{}," because an integer is not iterable.",[60,62299,1527],{"id":1526},[30,62301,62302,62308,62312,62316,62320,62326,62330],{},[33,62303,62304],{},[125,62305,55172,62306,10399],{"href":56421},[15,62307,52305],{},[33,62309,62310],{},[125,62311,53930],{"href":52700},[33,62313,62314],{},[125,62315,56881],{"href":56806},[33,62317,62318],{},[125,62319,52423],{"href":50631},[33,62321,62322],{},[125,62323,55172,62324,10399],{"href":53560},[15,62325,53920],{},[33,62327,62328],{},[125,62329,61938],{"href":52252},[33,62331,62332],{},[125,62333,55172,62334,10399],{"href":54612},[15,62335,12435],{},[20,62337,62338,62339,62341,62342,62344],{},"If you are choosing between list methods, the next useful step is learning when to use ",[15,62340,52305],{},", when to use ",[15,62343,53920],{},", and when it makes more sense to create a new merged list instead of changing the original one.",[1566,62346,62347],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":70,"searchDepth":99,"depth":99,"links":62349},[62350,62351,62353,62354,62355,62362,62369,62370,62378,62380,62392],{"id":62,"depth":99,"text":63},{"id":60748,"depth":99,"text":62352},"What list.extend() does",{"id":226,"depth":99,"text":227},{"id":60828,"depth":99,"text":60829},{"id":60965,"depth":99,"text":62356,"children":62357},"extend() vs append()",[62358,62360],{"id":60979,"depth":133,"text":62359},"extend() adds each item from the iterable",{"id":61042,"depth":133,"text":62361},"append() adds the whole object as one item",{"id":61128,"depth":99,"text":62363,"children":62364},"Using extend() with different iterables",[62365,62366,62367,62368],{"id":61139,"depth":133,"text":61140},{"id":61203,"depth":133,"text":61204},{"id":61269,"depth":133,"text":61270},{"id":61343,"depth":133,"text":61344},{"id":61403,"depth":99,"text":61404},{"id":4169,"depth":99,"text":4170,"children":62371},[62372,62374,62376,62377],{"id":61615,"depth":133,"text":62373},"1. Expecting extend() to return a new list",{"id":61688,"depth":133,"text":62375},"2. Using append() when extend() is needed",{"id":61760,"depth":133,"text":61761},{"id":61889,"depth":133,"text":61890},{"id":62132,"depth":99,"text":62379},"When to use extend()",{"id":1470,"depth":99,"text":1471,"children":62381},[62382,62384,62386,62388,62390],{"id":62245,"depth":133,"text":62383},"Does list.extend() return a new list?",{"id":62255,"depth":133,"text":62385},"What is the difference between extend() and append()?",{"id":62270,"depth":133,"text":62387},"Can I use extend() with a string?",{"id":62279,"depth":133,"text":62389},"Can I use extend() with a tuple?",{"id":62288,"depth":133,"text":62391},"What happens if I pass an integer to extend()?",{"id":1526,"depth":99,"text":1527},"Master python list extend method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method",{"title":60652,"description":62393},"reference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method","90pZbU2UqZE69xhKpX2Np0iIiKNAPWOtF52krfvnbak",{"id":62400,"title":62401,"body":62402,"description":64491,"extension":1610,"meta":64492,"navigation":407,"path":64493,"seo":64494,"stem":64495,"__hash__":64496},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained.md","Python list() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":62403,"toc":64454},[62404,62407,62412,62418,62429,62435,62437,62506,62508,62557,62565,62569,62574,62577,62588,62593,62595,62597,62618,62631,62634,62647,62649,62654,62679,62681,62689,62692,62761,62763,62787,62793,62797,62801,62837,62839,62859,62866,62870,62903,62905,62939,62944,62948,62981,62983,63011,63019,63023,63060,63062,63083,63086,63090,63159,63161,63185,63191,63198,63202,63205,63207,63221,63224,63248,63250,63275,63278,63297,63299,63325,63334,63338,63345,63422,63424,63465,63470,63476,63567,63569,63625,63628,63633,63637,63642,63646,63705,63707,63732,63736,63799,63801,63826,63830,63893,63895,63938,63941,63945,63949,63971,63975,64057,64059,64094,64102,64104,64108,64112,64114,64141,64146,64148,64175,64181,64184,64207,64209,64258,64261,64264,64283,64287,64290,64341,64344,64350,64354,64359,64362,64364,64370,64379,64383,64389,64393,64396,64400,64403,64407,64413,64415,64451],[10,62405,62401],{"id":62406},"python-list-function-explained",[20,62408,8778,62409,62411],{},[15,62410,24437],{}," function creates a new list.",[20,62413,62414,62415,62417],{},"Beginners usually use ",[15,62416,24437],{}," for two main reasons:",[30,62419,62420,62423],{},[33,62421,62422],{},"to make an empty list",[33,62424,62425,62426,62428],{},"to convert another iterable, such as a tuple, string, ",[15,62427,59646],{},", set, or dictionary, into a list",[20,62430,62431,62432,62434],{},"This page explains how ",[15,62433,24437],{}," works, what it returns, and when you should use it.",[60,62436,63],{"id":62},[65,62438,62440],{"className":67,"code":62439,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,62441,62442,62464,62482,62486,62496],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,62443,62444,62446,62448,62450,62452,62454,62456,62458,62460,62462],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,62445,3266],{"class":80},[74,62447,85],{"class":84},[74,62449,22216],{"class":1345},[74,62451,5161],{"class":106},[74,62453,2632],{"class":167},[74,62455,249],{"class":106},[74,62457,620],{"class":167},[74,62459,249],{"class":106},[74,62461,2094],{"class":167},[74,62463,130],{"class":106},[74,62465,62466,62468,62470,62472,62474,62476,62478,62480],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,62467,35746],{"class":80},[74,62469,85],{"class":84},[74,62471,22216],{"class":1345},[74,62473,107],{"class":106},[74,62475,122],{"class":88},[74,62477,41215],{"class":92},[74,62479,122],{"class":88},[74,62481,260],{"class":106},[74,62483,62484],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,62485,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,62487,62488,62490,62492,62494],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,62489,103],{"class":102},[74,62491,107],{"class":106},[74,62493,3298],{"class":110},[74,62495,260],{"class":106},[74,62497,62498,62500,62502,62504],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,62499,103],{"class":102},[74,62501,107],{"class":106},[74,62503,35799],{"class":110},[74,62505,260],{"class":106},[20,62507,157],{},[65,62509,62511],{"className":67,"code":62510,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"[1, 2, 3]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,62512,62513,62529],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,62514,62515,62517,62519,62521,62523,62525,62527],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,62516,742],{"class":106},[74,62518,2632],{"class":167},[74,62520,249],{"class":106},[74,62522,620],{"class":167},[74,62524,249],{"class":106},[74,62526,2094],{"class":167},[74,62528,3284],{"class":106},[74,62530,62531,62533,62535,62537,62539,62541,62543,62545,62547,62549,62551,62553,62555],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,62532,742],{"class":106},[74,62534,2946],{"class":88},[74,62536,125],{"class":92},[74,62538,2946],{"class":88},[74,62540,249],{"class":106},[74,62542,2941],{"class":88},[74,62544,4412],{"class":92},[74,62546,2946],{"class":88},[74,62548,249],{"class":106},[74,62550,2941],{"class":88},[74,62552,9396],{"class":92},[74,62554,2946],{"class":88},[74,62556,3284],{"class":106},[20,62558,176,62559,62561,62562,62564],{},[15,62560,24437],{}," to create a list from another iterable such as a tuple, string, ",[15,62563,59646],{},", set, or dictionary.",[60,62566,62568],{"id":62567},"what-list-does","What list() does",[20,62570,62571,62573],{},[15,62572,24437],{}," is a built-in Python function.",[20,62575,62576],{},"It can:",[30,62578,62579,62582,62585],{},[33,62580,62581],{},"create a new list object",[33,62583,62584],{},"make an empty list",[33,62586,62587],{},"convert an iterable into a list",[20,62589,62590,62591,114],{},"A list is a changeable sequence of items. If you are new to lists, see ",[125,62592,52423],{"href":50631},[60,62594,227],{"id":226},[20,62596,26141],{},[65,62598,62600],{"className":67,"code":62599,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"list()\nlist(iterable)\n",[15,62601,62602,62608],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,62603,62604,62606],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,62605,7751],{"class":1345},[74,62607,8299],{"class":106},[74,62609,62610,62612,62614,62616],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,62611,7751],{"class":1345},[74,62613,107],{"class":106},[74,62615,3371],{"class":110},[74,62617,260],{"class":106},[30,62619,62620,62625],{},[33,62621,62622,62624],{},[15,62623,24437],{}," makes an empty list",[33,62626,62627,62630],{},[15,62628,62629],{},"list(iterable)"," converts an iterable to a list",[20,62632,62633],{},"Common iterable values include:",[30,62635,62636,62638,62640,62642,62645],{},[33,62637,4958],{},[33,62639,4952],{},[33,62641,4955],{},[33,62643,62644],{},"ranges",[33,62646,6905],{},[60,62648,59268],{"id":59267},[20,62650,176,62651,62653],{},[15,62652,24437],{}," with no arguments:",[65,62655,62657],{"className":67,"code":62656,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"items = list()\nprint(items)\n",[15,62658,62659,62669],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,62660,62661,62663,62665,62667],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,62662,7435],{"class":80},[74,62664,85],{"class":84},[74,62666,22216],{"class":1345},[74,62668,8299],{"class":106},[74,62670,62671,62673,62675,62677],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,62672,103],{"class":102},[74,62674,107],{"class":106},[74,62676,7466],{"class":110},[74,62678,260],{"class":106},[20,62680,157],{},[65,62682,62683],{"className":67,"code":37953,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,62684,62685],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,62686,62687],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,62688,37953],{"class":106},[20,62690,62691],{},"This is useful when you want to build a list step by step:",[65,62693,62695],{"className":67,"code":62694,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"items = list()\n\nitems.append(\"apple\")\nitems.append(\"banana\")\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,62696,62697,62707,62711,62729,62747,62751],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,62698,62699,62701,62703,62705],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,62700,7435],{"class":80},[74,62702,85],{"class":84},[74,62704,22216],{"class":1345},[74,62706,8299],{"class":106},[74,62708,62709],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,62710,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,62712,62713,62715,62717,62719,62721,62723,62725,62727],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,62714,7466],{"class":80},[74,62716,114],{"class":106},[74,62718,13210],{"class":110},[74,62720,107],{"class":106},[74,62722,122],{"class":88},[74,62724,376],{"class":92},[74,62726,122],{"class":88},[74,62728,260],{"class":106},[74,62730,62731,62733,62735,62737,62739,62741,62743,62745],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,62732,7466],{"class":80},[74,62734,114],{"class":106},[74,62736,13210],{"class":110},[74,62738,107],{"class":106},[74,62740,122],{"class":88},[74,62742,93],{"class":92},[74,62744,122],{"class":88},[74,62746,260],{"class":106},[74,62748,62749],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,62750,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,62752,62753,62755,62757,62759],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,62754,103],{"class":102},[74,62756,107],{"class":106},[74,62758,7466],{"class":110},[74,62760,260],{"class":106},[20,62762,157],{},[65,62764,62765],{"className":67,"code":38079,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,62766,62767],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,62768,62769,62771,62773,62775,62777,62779,62781,62783,62785],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,62770,742],{"class":106},[74,62772,2946],{"class":88},[74,62774,376],{"class":92},[74,62776,2946],{"class":88},[74,62778,249],{"class":106},[74,62780,2941],{"class":88},[74,62782,93],{"class":92},[74,62784,2946],{"class":88},[74,62786,3284],{"class":106},[20,62788,62789,62790,62792],{},"You can also create an empty list with ",[15,62791,3438],{},". Both are valid.",[60,62794,62796],{"id":62795},"convert-common-values-to-a-list","Convert common values to a list",[262,62798,62800],{"id":62799},"tuple-to-list","Tuple to list",[65,62802,62803],{"className":67,"code":59566,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,62804,62805,62827],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,62806,62807,62809,62811,62813,62815,62817,62819,62821,62823,62825],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,62808,3266],{"class":80},[74,62810,85],{"class":84},[74,62812,22216],{"class":1345},[74,62814,5161],{"class":106},[74,62816,2632],{"class":167},[74,62818,249],{"class":106},[74,62820,620],{"class":167},[74,62822,249],{"class":106},[74,62824,2094],{"class":167},[74,62826,130],{"class":106},[74,62828,62829,62831,62833,62835],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,62830,103],{"class":102},[74,62832,107],{"class":106},[74,62834,3298],{"class":110},[74,62836,260],{"class":106},[20,62838,157],{},[65,62840,62841],{"className":67,"code":54802,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,62842,62843],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,62844,62845,62847,62849,62851,62853,62855,62857],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,62846,742],{"class":106},[74,62848,2632],{"class":167},[74,62850,249],{"class":106},[74,62852,620],{"class":167},[74,62854,249],{"class":106},[74,62856,2094],{"class":167},[74,62858,3284],{"class":106},[20,62860,62861,62862,114],{},"If you also want to compare this with tuples, see ",[125,62863,62865],{"href":62864},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained\u002F","Python tuple() function explained",[262,62867,62869],{"id":62868},"string-to-list","String to list",[65,62871,62873],{"className":67,"code":62872,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"letters = list(\"cat\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,62874,62875,62893],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,62876,62877,62879,62881,62883,62885,62887,62889,62891],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,62878,35746],{"class":80},[74,62880,85],{"class":84},[74,62882,22216],{"class":1345},[74,62884,107],{"class":106},[74,62886,122],{"class":88},[74,62888,486],{"class":92},[74,62890,122],{"class":88},[74,62892,260],{"class":106},[74,62894,62895,62897,62899,62901],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,62896,103],{"class":102},[74,62898,107],{"class":106},[74,62900,35799],{"class":110},[74,62902,260],{"class":106},[20,62904,157],{},[65,62906,62908],{"className":67,"code":62907,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"['c', 'a', 't']\n",[15,62909,62910],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,62911,62912,62914,62916,62918,62920,62922,62924,62926,62928,62930,62932,62935,62937],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,62913,742],{"class":106},[74,62915,2946],{"class":88},[74,62917,9396],{"class":92},[74,62919,2946],{"class":88},[74,62921,249],{"class":106},[74,62923,2941],{"class":88},[74,62925,125],{"class":92},[74,62927,2946],{"class":88},[74,62929,249],{"class":106},[74,62931,2941],{"class":88},[74,62933,62934],{"class":92},"t",[74,62936,2946],{"class":88},[74,62938,3284],{"class":106},[20,62940,62941,62943],{},[15,62942,24437],{}," takes each character from the string and puts it into the new list.",[262,62945,62947],{"id":62946},"range-to-list","Range to list",[65,62949,62951],{"className":67,"code":62950,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = list(range(5))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,62952,62953,62971],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,62954,62955,62957,62959,62961,62963,62965,62967,62969],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,62956,3266],{"class":80},[74,62958,85],{"class":84},[74,62960,22216],{"class":1345},[74,62962,107],{"class":106},[74,62964,59646],{"class":102},[74,62966,107],{"class":106},[74,62968,711],{"class":167},[74,62970,130],{"class":106},[74,62972,62973,62975,62977,62979],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,62974,103],{"class":102},[74,62976,107],{"class":106},[74,62978,3298],{"class":110},[74,62980,260],{"class":106},[20,62982,157],{},[65,62984,62985],{"className":67,"code":59669,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,62986,62987],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,62988,62989,62991,62993,62995,62997,62999,63001,63003,63005,63007,63009],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,62990,742],{"class":106},[74,62992,327],{"class":167},[74,62994,249],{"class":106},[74,62996,5148],{"class":167},[74,62998,249],{"class":106},[74,63000,620],{"class":167},[74,63002,249],{"class":106},[74,63004,2094],{"class":167},[74,63006,249],{"class":106},[74,63008,2100],{"class":167},[74,63010,3284],{"class":106},[20,63012,63013,63014,63018],{},"This is common when working with ",[125,63015,63016],{"href":35851},[15,63017,35854],{},", especially when you want to see all the values at once.",[262,63020,63022],{"id":63021},"set-to-list","Set to list",[65,63024,63026],{"className":67,"code":63025,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"values = list({10, 20, 30})\nprint(values)\n",[15,63027,63028,63050],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,63029,63030,63032,63034,63036,63038,63040,63042,63044,63046,63048],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,63031,3474],{"class":80},[74,63033,85],{"class":84},[74,63035,22216],{"class":1345},[74,63037,5180],{"class":106},[74,63039,1972],{"class":167},[74,63041,249],{"class":106},[74,63043,7446],{"class":167},[74,63045,249],{"class":106},[74,63047,7451],{"class":167},[74,63049,30152],{"class":106},[74,63051,63052,63054,63056,63058],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,63053,103],{"class":102},[74,63055,107],{"class":106},[74,63057,5008],{"class":110},[74,63059,260],{"class":106},[20,63061,16617],{},[65,63063,63065],{"className":67,"code":63064,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,63066,63067],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,63068,63069,63071,63073,63075,63077,63079,63081],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,63070,742],{"class":106},[74,63072,1972],{"class":167},[74,63074,249],{"class":106},[74,63076,7446],{"class":167},[74,63078,249],{"class":106},[74,63080,7451],{"class":167},[74,63082,3284],{"class":106},[20,63084,63085],{},"This works, but set order is not guaranteed in the way beginners often expect. The items may appear in a different order.",[262,63087,63089],{"id":63088},"dictionary-to-list","Dictionary to list",[65,63091,63093],{"className":67,"code":63092,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = list(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,63094,63095,63131,63145,63149],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,63096,63097,63099,63101,63103,63105,63107,63109,63111,63113,63115,63117,63119,63121,63123,63125,63127,63129],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,63098,12861],{"class":80},[74,63100,85],{"class":84},[74,63102,10148],{"class":106},[74,63104,122],{"class":88},[74,63106,7323],{"class":92},[74,63108,122],{"class":88},[74,63110,679],{"class":106},[74,63112,89],{"class":88},[74,63114,12539],{"class":92},[74,63116,122],{"class":88},[74,63118,249],{"class":106},[74,63120,89],{"class":88},[74,63122,8955],{"class":92},[74,63124,122],{"class":88},[74,63126,679],{"class":106},[74,63128,8962],{"class":167},[74,63130,8965],{"class":106},[74,63132,63133,63135,63137,63139,63141,63143],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,63134,383],{"class":80},[74,63136,85],{"class":84},[74,63138,22216],{"class":1345},[74,63140,107],{"class":106},[74,63142,16965],{"class":110},[74,63144,260],{"class":106},[74,63146,63147],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,63148,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,63150,63151,63153,63155,63157],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,63152,103],{"class":102},[74,63154,107],{"class":106},[74,63156,418],{"class":110},[74,63158,260],{"class":106},[20,63160,157],{},[65,63162,63163],{"className":67,"code":25137,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,63164,63165],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,63166,63167,63169,63171,63173,63175,63177,63179,63181,63183],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,63168,742],{"class":106},[74,63170,2946],{"class":88},[74,63172,7323],{"class":92},[74,63174,2946],{"class":88},[74,63176,249],{"class":106},[74,63178,2941],{"class":88},[74,63180,8955],{"class":92},[74,63182,2946],{"class":88},[74,63184,3284],{"class":106},[20,63186,63187,63188,63190],{},"When you pass a dictionary to ",[15,63189,24437],{},", Python returns the dictionary keys.",[20,63192,63193,63194,114],{},"If you need more help with dictionaries, see ",[125,63195,63197],{"href":63196},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained\u002F","Python dict() function explained",[60,63199,63201],{"id":63200},"what-counts-as-an-iterable","What counts as an iterable",[20,63203,63204],{},"An iterable is something Python can loop through.",[20,63206,60803],{},[30,63208,63209,63211,63213,63215,63217,63219],{},[33,63210,4949],{},[33,63212,4952],{},[33,63214,4958],{},[33,63216,4955],{},[33,63218,62644],{},[33,63220,6905],{},[20,63222,63223],{},"For example, this works because a string is iterable:",[65,63225,63227],{"className":67,"code":63226,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(list(\"hi\"))\n",[15,63228,63229],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,63230,63231,63233,63235,63237,63239,63241,63244,63246],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,63232,103],{"class":102},[74,63234,107],{"class":106},[74,63236,7751],{"class":1345},[74,63238,107],{"class":106},[74,63240,122],{"class":88},[74,63242,63243],{"class":92},"hi",[74,63245,122],{"class":88},[74,63247,130],{"class":106},[20,63249,157],{},[65,63251,63253],{"className":67,"code":63252,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"['h', 'i']\n",[15,63254,63255],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,63256,63257,63259,63261,63263,63265,63267,63269,63271,63273],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,63258,742],{"class":106},[74,63260,2946],{"class":88},[74,63262,60086],{"class":92},[74,63264,2946],{"class":88},[74,63266,249],{"class":106},[74,63268,2941],{"class":88},[74,63270,35810],{"class":92},[74,63272,2946],{"class":88},[74,63274,3284],{"class":106},[20,63276,63277],{},"But this fails because an integer is not iterable:",[65,63279,63281],{"className":67,"code":63280,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(list(5))\n",[15,63282,63283],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,63284,63285,63287,63289,63291,63293,63295],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,63286,103],{"class":102},[74,63288,107],{"class":106},[74,63290,7751],{"class":1345},[74,63292,107],{"class":106},[74,63294,711],{"class":167},[74,63296,130],{"class":106},[20,63298,157],{},[65,63300,63302],{"className":67,"code":63301,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable\n",[15,63303,63304],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,63305,63306,63308,63310,63312,63314,63316,63318,63320,63322],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,63307,2649],{"class":1345},[74,63309,679],{"class":106},[74,63311,2941],{"class":88},[74,63313,1831],{"class":92},[74,63315,2946],{"class":88},[74,63317,24273],{"class":1345},[74,63319,7754],{"class":84},[74,63321,7757],{"class":84},[74,63323,63324],{"class":80}," iterable\n",[20,63326,63327,63328,63330,63331,114],{},"If you want a deeper explanation, read ",[125,63329,4788],{"href":5237},". If you hit this exact error, see ",[125,63332,63333],{"href":52252},"how to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[60,63335,63337],{"id":63336},"list-makes-a-new-list-copy","list() makes a new list copy",[20,63339,63340,63341,63344],{},"If you already have a list, ",[15,63342,63343],{},"list(existing_list)"," creates a new list with the same items:",[65,63346,63348],{"className":67,"code":63347,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = list(original)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,63349,63350,63370,63384,63388,63398,63408],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,63351,63352,63354,63356,63358,63360,63362,63364,63366,63368],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,63353,11744],{"class":80},[74,63355,85],{"class":84},[74,63357,3271],{"class":106},[74,63359,2632],{"class":167},[74,63361,249],{"class":106},[74,63363,620],{"class":167},[74,63365,249],{"class":106},[74,63367,2094],{"class":167},[74,63369,3284],{"class":106},[74,63371,63372,63374,63376,63378,63380,63382],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,63373,13969],{"class":80},[74,63375,85],{"class":84},[74,63377,22216],{"class":1345},[74,63379,107],{"class":106},[74,63381,11791],{"class":110},[74,63383,260],{"class":106},[74,63385,63386],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,63387,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,63389,63390,63392,63394,63396],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,63391,103],{"class":102},[74,63393,107],{"class":106},[74,63395,11791],{"class":110},[74,63397,260],{"class":106},[74,63399,63400,63402,63404,63406],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,63401,103],{"class":102},[74,63403,107],{"class":106},[74,63405,13988],{"class":110},[74,63407,260],{"class":106},[74,63409,63410,63412,63414,63416,63418,63420],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,63411,103],{"class":102},[74,63413,107],{"class":106},[74,63415,11744],{"class":110},[74,63417,11852],{"class":3529},[74,63419,14042],{"class":110},[74,63421,260],{"class":106},[20,63423,157],{},[65,63425,63427],{"className":67,"code":63426,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3]\nFalse\n",[15,63428,63429,63445,63461],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,63430,63431,63433,63435,63437,63439,63441,63443],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,63432,742],{"class":106},[74,63434,2632],{"class":167},[74,63436,249],{"class":106},[74,63438,620],{"class":167},[74,63440,249],{"class":106},[74,63442,2094],{"class":167},[74,63444,3284],{"class":106},[74,63446,63447,63449,63451,63453,63455,63457,63459],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,63448,742],{"class":106},[74,63450,2632],{"class":167},[74,63452,249],{"class":106},[74,63454,620],{"class":167},[74,63456,249],{"class":106},[74,63458,2094],{"class":167},[74,63460,3284],{"class":106},[74,63462,63463],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,63464,3692],{"class":3504},[20,63466,433,63467,63469],{},[15,63468,13988],{}," is a different list object.",[20,63471,63472,63473,63475],{},"However, this is only a ",[332,63474,12509],{},". Nested items are still shared:",[65,63477,63479],{"className":67,"code":63478,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = list(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,63480,63481,63507,63521,63525,63543,63547,63557],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,63482,63483,63485,63487,63489,63491,63493,63495,63497,63499,63501,63503,63505],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,63484,11744],{"class":80},[74,63486,85],{"class":84},[74,63488,55946],{"class":106},[74,63490,2632],{"class":167},[74,63492,249],{"class":106},[74,63494,620],{"class":167},[74,63496,17717],{"class":106},[74,63498,3271],{"class":106},[74,63500,321],{"class":167},[74,63502,249],{"class":106},[74,63504,2100],{"class":167},[74,63506,52894],{"class":106},[74,63508,63509,63511,63513,63515,63517,63519],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,63510,13969],{"class":80},[74,63512,85],{"class":84},[74,63514,22216],{"class":1345},[74,63516,107],{"class":106},[74,63518,11791],{"class":110},[74,63520,260],{"class":106},[74,63522,63523],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,63524,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,63526,63527,63529,63531,63533,63535,63537,63539,63541],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,63528,13988],{"class":80},[74,63530,742],{"class":106},[74,63532,327],{"class":167},[74,63534,13207],{"class":106},[74,63536,13210],{"class":110},[74,63538,107],{"class":106},[74,63540,55999],{"class":167},[74,63542,260],{"class":106},[74,63544,63545],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,63546,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,63548,63549,63551,63553,63555],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,63550,103],{"class":102},[74,63552,107],{"class":106},[74,63554,11791],{"class":110},[74,63556,260],{"class":106},[74,63558,63559,63561,63563,63565],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,63560,103],{"class":102},[74,63562,107],{"class":106},[74,63564,13988],{"class":110},[74,63566,260],{"class":106},[20,63568,157],{},[65,63570,63571],{"className":67,"code":56030,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,63572,63573,63599],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,63574,63575,63577,63579,63581,63583,63585,63587,63589,63591,63593,63595,63597],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,63576,56037],{"class":106},[74,63578,2632],{"class":167},[74,63580,249],{"class":106},[74,63582,620],{"class":167},[74,63584,249],{"class":106},[74,63586,9854],{"class":167},[74,63588,17717],{"class":106},[74,63590,3271],{"class":106},[74,63592,321],{"class":167},[74,63594,249],{"class":106},[74,63596,2100],{"class":167},[74,63598,52894],{"class":106},[74,63600,63601,63603,63605,63607,63609,63611,63613,63615,63617,63619,63621,63623],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,63602,56037],{"class":106},[74,63604,2632],{"class":167},[74,63606,249],{"class":106},[74,63608,620],{"class":167},[74,63610,249],{"class":106},[74,63612,9854],{"class":167},[74,63614,17717],{"class":106},[74,63616,3271],{"class":106},[74,63618,321],{"class":167},[74,63620,249],{"class":106},[74,63622,2100],{"class":167},[74,63624,52894],{"class":106},[20,63626,63627],{},"Both lists changed because the inner list was shared.",[20,63629,63630,63631,114],{},"For more on this, see ",[125,63632,13448],{"href":13447},[60,63634,63636],{"id":63635},"dictionary-behavior","Dictionary behavior",[20,63638,63639,63640,114],{},"Dictionaries often confuse beginners when used with ",[15,63641,24437],{},[262,63643,63645],{"id":63644},"get-dictionary-keys","Get dictionary keys",[65,63647,63649],{"className":67,"code":63648,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student))\n",[15,63650,63651,63691],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,63652,63653,63655,63657,63659,63661,63663,63665,63667,63669,63671,63673,63675,63677,63679,63681,63683,63685,63687,63689],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,63654,12522],{"class":80},[74,63656,85],{"class":84},[74,63658,10148],{"class":106},[74,63660,122],{"class":88},[74,63662,7323],{"class":92},[74,63664,122],{"class":88},[74,63666,679],{"class":106},[74,63668,89],{"class":88},[74,63670,7578],{"class":92},[74,63672,122],{"class":88},[74,63674,249],{"class":106},[74,63676,89],{"class":88},[74,63678,19546],{"class":92},[74,63680,122],{"class":88},[74,63682,679],{"class":106},[74,63684,89],{"class":88},[74,63686,21901],{"class":92},[74,63688,122],{"class":88},[74,63690,8965],{"class":106},[74,63692,63693,63695,63697,63699,63701,63703],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,63694,103],{"class":102},[74,63696,107],{"class":106},[74,63698,7751],{"class":1345},[74,63700,107],{"class":106},[74,63702,13283],{"class":110},[74,63704,130],{"class":106},[20,63706,157],{},[65,63708,63710],{"className":67,"code":63709,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"['name', 'grade']\n",[15,63711,63712],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,63713,63714,63716,63718,63720,63722,63724,63726,63728,63730],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,63715,742],{"class":106},[74,63717,2946],{"class":88},[74,63719,7323],{"class":92},[74,63721,2946],{"class":88},[74,63723,249],{"class":106},[74,63725,2941],{"class":88},[74,63727,19546],{"class":92},[74,63729,2946],{"class":88},[74,63731,3284],{"class":106},[262,63733,63735],{"id":63734},"get-dictionary-values","Get dictionary values",[65,63737,63739],{"className":67,"code":63738,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.values()))\n",[15,63740,63741,63781],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,63742,63743,63745,63747,63749,63751,63753,63755,63757,63759,63761,63763,63765,63767,63769,63771,63773,63775,63777,63779],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,63744,12522],{"class":80},[74,63746,85],{"class":84},[74,63748,10148],{"class":106},[74,63750,122],{"class":88},[74,63752,7323],{"class":92},[74,63754,122],{"class":88},[74,63756,679],{"class":106},[74,63758,89],{"class":88},[74,63760,7578],{"class":92},[74,63762,122],{"class":88},[74,63764,249],{"class":106},[74,63766,89],{"class":88},[74,63768,19546],{"class":92},[74,63770,122],{"class":88},[74,63772,679],{"class":106},[74,63774,89],{"class":88},[74,63776,21901],{"class":92},[74,63778,122],{"class":88},[74,63780,8965],{"class":106},[74,63782,63783,63785,63787,63789,63791,63793,63795,63797],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,63784,103],{"class":102},[74,63786,107],{"class":106},[74,63788,7751],{"class":1345},[74,63790,107],{"class":106},[74,63792,13283],{"class":110},[74,63794,114],{"class":106},[74,63796,5008],{"class":110},[74,63798,5942],{"class":106},[20,63800,157],{},[65,63802,63804],{"className":67,"code":63803,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"['Mia', 'A']\n",[15,63805,63806],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,63807,63808,63810,63812,63814,63816,63818,63820,63822,63824],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,63809,742],{"class":106},[74,63811,2946],{"class":88},[74,63813,7578],{"class":92},[74,63815,2946],{"class":88},[74,63817,249],{"class":106},[74,63819,2941],{"class":88},[74,63821,21901],{"class":92},[74,63823,2946],{"class":88},[74,63825,3284],{"class":106},[262,63827,63829],{"id":63828},"get-key-value-pairs","Get key-value pairs",[65,63831,63833],{"className":67,"code":63832,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.items()))\n",[15,63834,63835,63875],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,63836,63837,63839,63841,63843,63845,63847,63849,63851,63853,63855,63857,63859,63861,63863,63865,63867,63869,63871,63873],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,63838,12522],{"class":80},[74,63840,85],{"class":84},[74,63842,10148],{"class":106},[74,63844,122],{"class":88},[74,63846,7323],{"class":92},[74,63848,122],{"class":88},[74,63850,679],{"class":106},[74,63852,89],{"class":88},[74,63854,7578],{"class":92},[74,63856,122],{"class":88},[74,63858,249],{"class":106},[74,63860,89],{"class":88},[74,63862,19546],{"class":92},[74,63864,122],{"class":88},[74,63866,679],{"class":106},[74,63868,89],{"class":88},[74,63870,21901],{"class":92},[74,63872,122],{"class":88},[74,63874,8965],{"class":106},[74,63876,63877,63879,63881,63883,63885,63887,63889,63891],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,63878,103],{"class":102},[74,63880,107],{"class":106},[74,63882,7751],{"class":1345},[74,63884,107],{"class":106},[74,63886,13283],{"class":110},[74,63888,114],{"class":106},[74,63890,7466],{"class":110},[74,63892,5942],{"class":106},[20,63894,157],{},[65,63896,63898],{"className":67,"code":63897,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"[('name', 'Mia'), ('grade', 'A')]\n",[15,63899,63900],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,63901,63902,63904,63906,63908,63910,63912,63914,63916,63918,63920,63922,63924,63926,63928,63930,63932,63934,63936],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,63903,21396],{"class":106},[74,63905,2946],{"class":88},[74,63907,7323],{"class":92},[74,63909,2946],{"class":88},[74,63911,249],{"class":106},[74,63913,2941],{"class":88},[74,63915,7578],{"class":92},[74,63917,2946],{"class":88},[74,63919,8889],{"class":106},[74,63921,8892],{"class":106},[74,63923,2946],{"class":88},[74,63925,19546],{"class":92},[74,63927,2946],{"class":88},[74,63929,249],{"class":106},[74,63931,2941],{"class":88},[74,63933,21901],{"class":92},[74,63935,2946],{"class":88},[74,63937,8905],{"class":106},[20,63939,63940],{},"This is helpful when you need the keys, values, or pairs in list form.",[60,63942,63944],{"id":63943},"when-to-use-list","When to use list()",[20,63946,176,63947,10259],{},[15,63948,24437],{},[30,63950,63951,63959,63968],{},[33,63952,63953,63954,339,63956],{},"you need list methods like ",[15,63955,52305],{},[15,63957,63958],{},"sort()",[33,63960,63961,63962,339,63964,63967],{},"you want to convert ",[15,63963,35854],{},[15,63965,63966],{},"zip()"," results into a visible list",[33,63969,63970],{},"another function gives you an iterable, but you need a real list",[20,63972,45694,63973,679],{},[15,63974,63966],{},[65,63976,63978],{"className":67,"code":63977,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,63979,63980,64004,64020,64024,64047],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,63981,63982,63984,63986,63988,63990,63992,63994,63996,63998,64000,64002],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,63983,4646],{"class":80},[74,63985,85],{"class":84},[74,63987,3271],{"class":106},[74,63989,122],{"class":88},[74,63991,12539],{"class":92},[74,63993,122],{"class":88},[74,63995,249],{"class":106},[74,63997,89],{"class":88},[74,63999,35598],{"class":92},[74,64001,122],{"class":88},[74,64003,3284],{"class":106},[74,64005,64006,64008,64010,64012,64014,64016,64018],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,64007,4715],{"class":80},[74,64009,85],{"class":84},[74,64011,3271],{"class":106},[74,64013,13159],{"class":167},[74,64015,249],{"class":106},[74,64017,13164],{"class":167},[74,64019,3284],{"class":106},[74,64021,64022],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,64023,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,64025,64026,64028,64030,64032,64034,64037,64039,64041,64043,64045],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,64027,8871],{"class":80},[74,64029,85],{"class":84},[74,64031,22216],{"class":1345},[74,64033,107],{"class":106},[74,64035,64036],{"class":102},"zip",[74,64038,107],{"class":106},[74,64040,4690],{"class":110},[74,64042,249],{"class":106},[74,64044,4762],{"class":110},[74,64046,130],{"class":106},[74,64048,64049,64051,64053,64055],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,64050,103],{"class":102},[74,64052,107],{"class":106},[74,64054,8918],{"class":110},[74,64056,260],{"class":106},[20,64058,157],{},[65,64060,64062],{"className":67,"code":64061,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n",[15,64063,64064],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,64065,64066,64068,64070,64072,64074,64076,64078,64080,64082,64084,64086,64088,64090,64092],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,64067,21396],{"class":106},[74,64069,2946],{"class":88},[74,64071,12539],{"class":92},[74,64073,2946],{"class":88},[74,64075,249],{"class":106},[74,64077,19553],{"class":167},[74,64079,8889],{"class":106},[74,64081,8892],{"class":106},[74,64083,2946],{"class":88},[74,64085,35598],{"class":92},[74,64087,2946],{"class":88},[74,64089,249],{"class":106},[74,64091,13164],{"class":167},[74,64093,8905],{"class":106},[20,64095,64096,64097,64099,64100,114],{},"After you have a list, you can work with list methods such as ",[15,64098,52305],{},". For a practical next step, see ",[125,64101,52701],{"href":52700},[60,64103,4170],{"id":4169},[20,64105,56428,64106,114],{},[15,64107,24437],{},[262,64109,64111],{"id":64110},"passing-multiple-values-directly","Passing multiple values directly",[20,64113,4177],{},[65,64115,64117],{"className":67,"code":64116,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"# Wrong\nlist(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,64118,64119,64123],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,64120,64121],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,64122,4187],{"class":3314},[74,64124,64125,64127,64129,64131,64133,64135,64137,64139],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,64126,7751],{"class":1345},[74,64128,107],{"class":106},[74,64130,2632],{"class":167},[74,64132,249],{"class":106},[74,64134,620],{"class":167},[74,64136,249],{"class":106},[74,64138,2094],{"class":167},[74,64140,260],{"class":106},[20,64142,64143,64145],{},[15,64144,24437],{}," accepts one iterable, not several separate values.",[20,64147,18349],{},[65,64149,64151],{"className":67,"code":64150,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(list((1, 2, 3)))\n",[15,64152,64153],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,64154,64155,64157,64159,64161,64163,64165,64167,64169,64171,64173],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,64156,103],{"class":102},[74,64158,107],{"class":106},[74,64160,7751],{"class":1345},[74,64162,5161],{"class":106},[74,64164,2632],{"class":167},[74,64166,249],{"class":106},[74,64168,620],{"class":167},[74,64170,249],{"class":106},[74,64172,2094],{"class":167},[74,64174,2555],{"class":106},[262,64176,64178,64179],{"id":64177},"expecting-listhello-to-return-hello","Expecting list(\"hello\") to return ",[74,64180,791],{},[20,64182,64183],{},"This is a common surprise:",[65,64185,64187],{"className":67,"code":64186,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(list(\"hello\"))\n",[15,64188,64189],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,64190,64191,64193,64195,64197,64199,64201,64203,64205],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,64192,103],{"class":102},[74,64194,107],{"class":106},[74,64196,7751],{"class":1345},[74,64198,107],{"class":106},[74,64200,122],{"class":88},[74,64202,3497],{"class":92},[74,64204,122],{"class":88},[74,64206,130],{"class":106},[20,64208,157],{},[65,64210,64212],{"className":67,"code":64211,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o']\n",[15,64213,64214],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,64215,64216,64218,64220,64222,64224,64226,64228,64230,64232,64234,64236,64238,64240,64242,64244,64246,64248,64250,64252,64254,64256],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,64217,742],{"class":106},[74,64219,2946],{"class":88},[74,64221,60086],{"class":92},[74,64223,2946],{"class":88},[74,64225,249],{"class":106},[74,64227,2941],{"class":88},[74,64229,60095],{"class":92},[74,64231,2946],{"class":88},[74,64233,249],{"class":106},[74,64235,2941],{"class":88},[74,64237,60104],{"class":92},[74,64239,2946],{"class":88},[74,64241,249],{"class":106},[74,64243,2941],{"class":88},[74,64245,60104],{"class":92},[74,64247,2946],{"class":88},[74,64249,249],{"class":106},[74,64251,2941],{"class":88},[74,64253,60121],{"class":92},[74,64255,2946],{"class":88},[74,64257,3284],{"class":106},[20,64259,64260],{},"A string is iterable, so Python takes one character at a time.",[20,64262,64263],{},"If you want a list with one string item, write:",[65,64265,64267],{"className":67,"code":64266,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print([\"hello\"])\n",[15,64268,64269],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,64270,64271,64273,64275,64277,64279,64281],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,64272,103],{"class":102},[74,64274,2629],{"class":106},[74,64276,122],{"class":88},[74,64278,3497],{"class":92},[74,64280,122],{"class":88},[74,64282,751],{"class":106},[262,64284,64286],{"id":64285},"assuming-listdict-returns-values","Assuming list(dict) returns values",[20,64288,64289],{},"This:",[65,64291,64293],{"className":67,"code":64292,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(list(data))\n",[15,64294,64295,64327],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,64296,64297,64299,64301,64303,64305,64307,64309,64311,64313,64315,64317,64319,64321,64323,64325],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,64298,8821],{"class":80},[74,64300,85],{"class":84},[74,64302,10148],{"class":106},[74,64304,122],{"class":88},[74,64306,125],{"class":92},[74,64308,122],{"class":88},[74,64310,679],{"class":106},[74,64312,5148],{"class":167},[74,64314,249],{"class":106},[74,64316,89],{"class":88},[74,64318,4412],{"class":92},[74,64320,122],{"class":88},[74,64322,679],{"class":106},[74,64324,620],{"class":167},[74,64326,8965],{"class":106},[74,64328,64329,64331,64333,64335,64337,64339],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,64330,103],{"class":102},[74,64332,107],{"class":106},[74,64334,7751],{"class":1345},[74,64336,107],{"class":106},[74,64338,8860],{"class":110},[74,64340,130],{"class":106},[20,64342,64343],{},"returns the keys, not the values.",[20,64345,176,64346,64349],{},[15,64347,64348],{},"list(data.values())"," if you want values.",[262,64351,64353],{"id":64352},"thinking-list-makes-a-deep-copy","Thinking list() makes a deep copy",[20,64355,64356,64358],{},[15,64357,24437],{}," copies the outer list only.",[20,64360,64361],{},"If the list contains nested mutable items, those inner items are still shared.",[60,64363,1471],{"id":1470},[262,64365,4828,64367,64369],{"id":64366},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-list",[74,64368],{}," and list()?",[20,64371,64372,64373,64375,64376,64378],{},"Both create a new empty list. ",[15,64374,3438],{}," is shorter. ",[15,64377,24437],{}," is often used when converting another iterable.",[262,64380,64382],{"id":64381},"why-does-listabc-split-the-string-into-characters","Why does list(\"abc\") split the string into characters?",[20,64384,64385,64386,64388],{},"A string is iterable, so ",[15,64387,24437],{}," takes each character one at a time.",[262,64390,64392],{"id":64391},"what-does-list-return-for-a-dictionary","What does list() return for a dictionary?",[20,64394,64395],{},"It returns a list of the dictionary keys.",[262,64397,64399],{"id":64398},"does-list-copy-a-list","Does list() copy a list?",[20,64401,64402],{},"Yes, but it makes a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[262,64404,64406],{"id":64405},"why-does-list5-fail","Why does list(5) fail?",[20,64408,64409,64410,64412],{},"An integer is not iterable, so ",[15,64411,24437],{}," cannot loop through it.",[60,64414,1527],{"id":1526},[30,64416,64417,64421,64426,64430,64434,64438,64442,64447],{},[33,64418,64419],{},[125,64420,52423],{"href":50631},[33,64422,64423],{},[125,64424,64425],{"href":35851},"Python range() function explained",[33,64427,64428],{},[125,64429,62865],{"href":62864},[33,64431,64432],{},[125,64433,63197],{"href":63196},[33,64435,64436],{},[125,64437,4865],{"href":5237},[33,64439,64440],{},[125,64441,13448],{"href":13447},[33,64443,64444],{},[125,64445,64446],{"href":52252},"How to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[33,64448,64449],{},[125,64450,53930],{"href":52700},[1566,64452,64453],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":70,"searchDepth":99,"depth":99,"links":64455},[64456,64457,64458,64459,64460,64467,64468,64469,64474,64475,64482,64490],{"id":62,"depth":99,"text":63},{"id":62567,"depth":99,"text":62568},{"id":226,"depth":99,"text":227},{"id":59267,"depth":99,"text":59268},{"id":62795,"depth":99,"text":62796,"children":64461},[64462,64463,64464,64465,64466],{"id":62799,"depth":133,"text":62800},{"id":62868,"depth":133,"text":62869},{"id":62946,"depth":133,"text":62947},{"id":63021,"depth":133,"text":63022},{"id":63088,"depth":133,"text":63089},{"id":63200,"depth":99,"text":63201},{"id":63336,"depth":99,"text":63337},{"id":63635,"depth":99,"text":63636,"children":64470},[64471,64472,64473],{"id":63644,"depth":133,"text":63645},{"id":63734,"depth":133,"text":63735},{"id":63828,"depth":133,"text":63829},{"id":63943,"depth":99,"text":63944},{"id":4169,"depth":99,"text":4170,"children":64476},[64477,64478,64480,64481],{"id":64110,"depth":133,"text":64111},{"id":64177,"depth":133,"text":64479},"Expecting list(\"hello\") to return \"hello\"",{"id":64285,"depth":133,"text":64286},{"id":64352,"depth":133,"text":64353},{"id":1470,"depth":99,"text":1471,"children":64483},[64484,64486,64487,64488,64489],{"id":64366,"depth":133,"text":64485},"What is the difference between  and list()?",{"id":64381,"depth":133,"text":64382},{"id":64391,"depth":133,"text":64392},{"id":64398,"depth":133,"text":64399},{"id":64405,"depth":133,"text":64406},{"id":1526,"depth":99,"text":1527},"Master python list function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained",{"title":62401,"description":64491},"reference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained","YS2GFSTuQJD-E7GkMfcZR7-V24TSmh15u2hjKR2n6nE",{"id":64498,"title":64499,"body":64500,"description":65846,"extension":1610,"meta":65847,"navigation":407,"path":65848,"seo":65849,"stem":65850,"__hash__":65851},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method.md","Python List index() Method",{"type":7,"value":64501,"toc":65821},[64502,64507,64513,64522,64524,64596,64605,64610,64614,64630,64634,64636,64638,64657,64660,64687,64690,64715,64723,64725,64730,64737,64739,64796,64798,64806,64812,64816,64819,64892,64894,64902,64905,64927,64934,64940,64944,64950,65021,65023,65031,65040,65047,65053,65061,65205,65207,65224,65227,65266,65269,65273,65278,65280,65339,65345,65348,65455,65457,65472,65475,65482,65484,65488,65636,65639,65700,65703,65706,65727,65732,65736,65747,65750,65752,65757,65760,65768,65773,65779,65782,65788,65796,65798,65818],[10,64503,53994,64505,18],{"id":64504},"python-list-index-method",[15,64506,1132],{},[20,64508,64509,64512],{},[15,64510,64511],{},"list.index()"," finds the position of a value in a list.",[20,64514,64515,64516,64519,64520,114],{},"Use it when you have a list and want to know where a specific item appears. It returns the index of the ",[332,64517,64518],{},"first matching item",". If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,64521,40361],{},[60,64523,3256],{"id":3255},[65,64525,64527],{"className":67,"code":64526,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = items.index(\"banana\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,64528,64529,64561,64584],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,64530,64531,64533,64535,64537,64539,64541,64543,64545,64547,64549,64551,64553,64555,64557,64559],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,64532,7435],{"class":80},[74,64534,85],{"class":84},[74,64536,3271],{"class":106},[74,64538,122],{"class":88},[74,64540,376],{"class":92},[74,64542,122],{"class":88},[74,64544,249],{"class":106},[74,64546,89],{"class":88},[74,64548,93],{"class":92},[74,64550,122],{"class":88},[74,64552,249],{"class":106},[74,64554,89],{"class":88},[74,64556,3747],{"class":92},[74,64558,122],{"class":88},[74,64560,3284],{"class":106},[74,64562,64563,64566,64568,64570,64572,64574,64576,64578,64580,64582],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,64564,64565],{"class":80},"position ",[74,64567,85],{"class":84},[74,64569,5617],{"class":80},[74,64571,114],{"class":106},[74,64573,35503],{"class":110},[74,64575,107],{"class":106},[74,64577,122],{"class":88},[74,64579,93],{"class":92},[74,64581,122],{"class":88},[74,64583,260],{"class":106},[74,64585,64586,64588,64590,64592,64594],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,64587,103],{"class":102},[74,64589,107],{"class":106},[74,64591,1150],{"class":110},[74,64593,3311],{"class":106},[74,64595,27434],{"class":3314},[20,64597,176,64598,64601,64602,64604],{},[15,64599,64600],{},"list.index(value)"," to get the position of the first matching item. It raises ",[15,64603,40361],{}," if the item is not found.",[60,64606,3328,64608,38],{"id":64607},"what-listindex-does",[15,64609,64511],{},[20,64611,64612,679],{},[15,64613,64511],{},[30,64615,64616,64619,64622,64627],{},[33,64617,64618],{},"Finds the position of a value in a list",[33,64620,64621],{},"Returns the index of the first matching item",[33,64623,64624,64625],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at position ",[15,64626,327],{},[33,64628,64629],{},"Works only if the value exists in the list",[20,64631,54219,64632,114],{},[125,64633,52423],{"href":54222},[60,64635,227],{"id":226},[20,64637,30381],{},[65,64639,64641],{"className":67,"code":64640,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"my_list.index(value)\n",[15,64642,64643],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,64644,64645,64647,64649,64651,64653,64655],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,64646,7997],{"class":80},[74,64648,114],{"class":106},[74,64650,35503],{"class":110},[74,64652,107],{"class":106},[74,64654,246],{"class":110},[74,64656,260],{"class":106},[20,64658,64659],{},"You can also limit the search:",[65,64661,64663],{"className":67,"code":64662,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"my_list.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,64664,64665],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,64666,64667,64669,64671,64673,64675,64677,64679,64681,64683,64685],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,64668,7997],{"class":80},[74,64670,114],{"class":106},[74,64672,35503],{"class":110},[74,64674,107],{"class":106},[74,64676,246],{"class":110},[74,64678,249],{"class":106},[74,64680,252],{"class":110},[74,64682,249],{"class":106},[74,64684,257],{"class":110},[74,64686,260],{"class":106},[20,64688,64689],{},"Here is what each part means:",[30,64691,64692,64697,64702,64707],{},[33,64693,64694,64696],{},[15,64695,246],{},": the item to search for",[33,64698,64699,64701],{},[15,64700,50],{},": where the search begins",[33,64703,64704,64706],{},[15,64705,54],{},": where the search stops",[33,64708,64709,4435,64711,64714],{},[15,64710,54],{},[332,64712,64713],{},"not included"," in the search range",[20,64716,64717,64718,64720,64721,114],{},"This means Python searches from ",[15,64719,50],{}," up to, but not including, ",[15,64722,54],{},[60,64724,37676],{"id":37675},[20,64726,64727,64729],{},[15,64728,64511],{}," returns an integer.",[20,64731,64732,64733,64736],{},"That integer is the position of the ",[332,64734,64735],{},"first match"," in the list.",[20,64738,506],{},[65,64740,64742],{"className":67,"code":64741,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = numbers.index(20)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,64743,64744,64764,64782,64786],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,64745,64746,64748,64750,64752,64754,64756,64758,64760,64762],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,64747,3266],{"class":80},[74,64749,85],{"class":84},[74,64751,3271],{"class":106},[74,64753,1972],{"class":167},[74,64755,249],{"class":106},[74,64757,7446],{"class":167},[74,64759,249],{"class":106},[74,64761,7451],{"class":167},[74,64763,3284],{"class":106},[74,64765,64766,64768,64770,64772,64774,64776,64778,64780],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,64767,383],{"class":80},[74,64769,85],{"class":84},[74,64771,3914],{"class":80},[74,64773,114],{"class":106},[74,64775,35503],{"class":110},[74,64777,107],{"class":106},[74,64779,15412],{"class":167},[74,64781,260],{"class":106},[74,64783,64784],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,64785,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,64787,64788,64790,64792,64794],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,64789,103],{"class":102},[74,64791,107],{"class":106},[74,64793,418],{"class":110},[74,64795,260],{"class":106},[20,64797,157],{},[65,64799,64800],{"className":67,"code":669,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,64801,64802],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,64803,64804],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,64805,669],{"class":167},[20,64807,64808,64809,64811],{},"If the same value appears more than once, ",[15,64810,1132],{}," still returns only the first matching position.",[60,64813,64815],{"id":64814},"example-find-an-item-in-a-list","Example: find an item in a list",[20,64817,64818],{},"Here is a simple example with strings:",[65,64820,64822],{"className":67,"code":64821,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = fruits.index(\"cherry\")\n\nprint(position)\n",[15,64823,64824,64856,64878,64882],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,64825,64826,64828,64830,64832,64834,64836,64838,64840,64842,64844,64846,64848,64850,64852,64854],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,64827,35895],{"class":80},[74,64829,85],{"class":84},[74,64831,3271],{"class":106},[74,64833,122],{"class":88},[74,64835,376],{"class":92},[74,64837,122],{"class":88},[74,64839,249],{"class":106},[74,64841,89],{"class":88},[74,64843,93],{"class":92},[74,64845,122],{"class":88},[74,64847,249],{"class":106},[74,64849,89],{"class":88},[74,64851,3747],{"class":92},[74,64853,122],{"class":88},[74,64855,3284],{"class":106},[74,64857,64858,64860,64862,64864,64866,64868,64870,64872,64874,64876],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,64859,64565],{"class":80},[74,64861,85],{"class":84},[74,64863,52503],{"class":80},[74,64865,114],{"class":106},[74,64867,35503],{"class":110},[74,64869,107],{"class":106},[74,64871,122],{"class":88},[74,64873,3747],{"class":92},[74,64875,122],{"class":88},[74,64877,260],{"class":106},[74,64879,64880],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,64881,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,64883,64884,64886,64888,64890],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,64885,103],{"class":102},[74,64887,107],{"class":106},[74,64889,1150],{"class":110},[74,64891,260],{"class":106},[20,64893,157],{},[65,64895,64896],{"className":67,"code":173,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,64897,64898],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,64899,64900],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,64901,173],{"class":167},[20,64903,64904],{},"In this list:",[30,64906,64907,64914,64920],{},[33,64908,64909,64911,64912],{},[15,64910,440],{}," is at index ",[15,64913,327],{},[33,64915,64916,64911,64918],{},[15,64917,219],{},[15,64919,2632],{},[33,64921,64922,64911,64925],{},[15,64923,64924],{},"\"cherry\"",[15,64926,687],{},[20,64928,53305,64929,2039,64932,114],{},[15,64930,64931],{},"fruits.index(\"cherry\")",[15,64933,687],{},[20,64935,51195,64936,114],{},[125,64937,64939],{"href":64938},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python","how to find an item in a list in Python",[60,64941,64943],{"id":64942},"example-list-with-duplicate-values","Example: list with duplicate values",[20,64945,64946,64947,64949],{},"If a list contains the same value more than once, ",[15,64948,1132],{}," returns the first match only.",[65,64951,64953],{"className":67,"code":64952,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\n\nprint(colors.index(\"red\"))\n",[15,64954,64955,64995,64999],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,64956,64957,64959,64961,64963,64965,64967,64969,64971,64973,64975,64977,64979,64981,64983,64985,64987,64989,64991,64993],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,64958,12732],{"class":80},[74,64960,85],{"class":84},[74,64962,3271],{"class":106},[74,64964,122],{"class":88},[74,64966,12749],{"class":92},[74,64968,122],{"class":88},[74,64970,249],{"class":106},[74,64972,89],{"class":88},[74,64974,12766],{"class":92},[74,64976,122],{"class":88},[74,64978,249],{"class":106},[74,64980,89],{"class":88},[74,64982,12749],{"class":92},[74,64984,122],{"class":88},[74,64986,249],{"class":106},[74,64988,89],{"class":88},[74,64990,17110],{"class":92},[74,64992,122],{"class":88},[74,64994,3284],{"class":106},[74,64996,64997],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,64998,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,65000,65001,65003,65005,65007,65009,65011,65013,65015,65017,65019],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,65002,103],{"class":102},[74,65004,107],{"class":106},[74,65006,17157],{"class":110},[74,65008,114],{"class":106},[74,65010,35503],{"class":110},[74,65012,107],{"class":106},[74,65014,122],{"class":88},[74,65016,12749],{"class":92},[74,65018,122],{"class":88},[74,65020,130],{"class":106},[20,65022,157],{},[65,65024,65025],{"className":67,"code":46904,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,65026,65027],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,65028,65029],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,65030,46904],{"class":167},[20,65032,20633,65033,65036,65037,65039],{},[15,65034,65035],{},"\"red\""," appears again later, Python returns ",[15,65038,327],{}," because that is the first matching position.",[20,65041,65042,65043,114],{},"If you need to count how many times a value appears, use ",[125,65044,55172,65045,10399],{"href":58674},[15,65046,17],{},[60,65048,571,65049,51,65051],{"id":570},[15,65050,50],{},[15,65052,54],{},[20,65054,65055,65056,51,65058,65060],{},"The optional ",[15,65057,50],{},[15,65059,54],{}," arguments let you search only part of a list.",[65,65062,65064],{"className":67,"code":65063,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\"]\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # first match\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # search starting at index 2\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4))  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[15,65065,65066,65114,65118,65143,65172],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,65067,65068,65070,65072,65074,65076,65078,65080,65082,65084,65086,65088,65090,65092,65094,65096,65098,65100,65102,65104,65106,65108,65110,65112],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,65069,35746],{"class":80},[74,65071,85],{"class":84},[74,65073,3271],{"class":106},[74,65075,122],{"class":88},[74,65077,125],{"class":92},[74,65079,122],{"class":88},[74,65081,249],{"class":106},[74,65083,89],{"class":88},[74,65085,4412],{"class":92},[74,65087,122],{"class":88},[74,65089,249],{"class":106},[74,65091,89],{"class":88},[74,65093,9396],{"class":92},[74,65095,122],{"class":88},[74,65097,249],{"class":106},[74,65099,89],{"class":88},[74,65101,4412],{"class":92},[74,65103,122],{"class":88},[74,65105,249],{"class":106},[74,65107,89],{"class":88},[74,65109,18422],{"class":92},[74,65111,122],{"class":88},[74,65113,3284],{"class":106},[74,65115,65116],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,65117,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,65119,65120,65122,65124,65126,65128,65130,65132,65134,65136,65138,65140],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,65121,103],{"class":102},[74,65123,107],{"class":106},[74,65125,35799],{"class":110},[74,65127,114],{"class":106},[74,65129,35503],{"class":110},[74,65131,107],{"class":106},[74,65133,122],{"class":88},[74,65135,4412],{"class":92},[74,65137,122],{"class":88},[74,65139,5011],{"class":106},[74,65141,65142],{"class":3314},"        # first match\n",[74,65144,65145,65147,65149,65151,65153,65155,65157,65159,65161,65163,65165,65167,65169],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,65146,103],{"class":102},[74,65148,107],{"class":106},[74,65150,35799],{"class":110},[74,65152,114],{"class":106},[74,65154,35503],{"class":110},[74,65156,107],{"class":106},[74,65158,122],{"class":88},[74,65160,4412],{"class":92},[74,65162,122],{"class":88},[74,65164,249],{"class":106},[74,65166,620],{"class":167},[74,65168,5011],{"class":106},[74,65170,65171],{"class":3314},"     # search starting at index 2\n",[74,65173,65174,65176,65178,65180,65182,65184,65186,65188,65190,65192,65194,65196,65198,65200,65202],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,65175,103],{"class":102},[74,65177,107],{"class":106},[74,65179,35799],{"class":110},[74,65181,114],{"class":106},[74,65183,35503],{"class":110},[74,65185,107],{"class":106},[74,65187,122],{"class":88},[74,65189,4412],{"class":92},[74,65191,122],{"class":88},[74,65193,249],{"class":106},[74,65195,5148],{"class":167},[74,65197,249],{"class":106},[74,65199,2100],{"class":167},[74,65201,5011],{"class":106},[74,65203,65204],{"class":3314},"  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[20,65206,157],{},[65,65208,65210],{"className":67,"code":65209,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"1\n3\n1\n",[15,65211,65212,65216,65220],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,65213,65214],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,65215,669],{"class":167},[74,65217,65218],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,65219,168],{"class":167},[74,65221,65222],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,65223,669],{"class":167},[20,65225,65226],{},"How this works:",[30,65228,65229,65241,65254],{},[33,65230,65231,65234,65235,65238,65239],{},[15,65232,65233],{},"letters.index(\"b\")"," searches the whole list and returns the first ",[15,65236,65237],{},"\"b\""," at index ",[15,65240,2632],{},[33,65242,65243,65246,65247,65249,65250,65238,65252],{},[15,65244,65245],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 2)"," starts searching at index ",[15,65248,687],{},", so it finds the next ",[15,65251,65237],{},[15,65253,321],{},[33,65255,65256,65259,65260,220,65262,16730,65264],{},[15,65257,65258],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4)"," searches indexes ",[15,65261,2632],{},[15,65263,687],{},[15,65265,321],{},[20,65267,65268],{},"This is useful when you want to skip earlier items and find a later match.",[60,65270,65272],{"id":65271},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-missing","What happens if the value is missing",[20,65274,65275,65276,114],{},"If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,65277,40361],{},[20,65279,506],{},[65,65281,65283],{"className":67,"code":65282,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(items.index(\"orange\"))\n",[15,65284,65285,65317],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,65286,65287,65289,65291,65293,65295,65297,65299,65301,65303,65305,65307,65309,65311,65313,65315],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,65288,7435],{"class":80},[74,65290,85],{"class":84},[74,65292,3271],{"class":106},[74,65294,122],{"class":88},[74,65296,376],{"class":92},[74,65298,122],{"class":88},[74,65300,249],{"class":106},[74,65302,89],{"class":88},[74,65304,93],{"class":92},[74,65306,122],{"class":88},[74,65308,249],{"class":106},[74,65310,89],{"class":88},[74,65312,3747],{"class":92},[74,65314,122],{"class":88},[74,65316,3284],{"class":106},[74,65318,65319,65321,65323,65325,65327,65329,65331,65333,65335,65337],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,65320,103],{"class":102},[74,65322,107],{"class":106},[74,65324,7466],{"class":110},[74,65326,114],{"class":106},[74,65328,35503],{"class":110},[74,65330,107],{"class":106},[74,65332,122],{"class":88},[74,65334,32878],{"class":92},[74,65336,122],{"class":88},[74,65338,130],{"class":106},[20,65340,39310,65341,65344],{},[15,65342,65343],{},"\"orange\""," is not in the list.",[20,65346,65347],{},"A safer approach is to check first:",[65,65349,65351],{"className":67,"code":65350,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nsearch_value = \"orange\"\n\nif search_value in items:\n    print(items.index(search_value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Item not found\")\n",[15,65352,65353,65385,65398,65402,65415,65434,65440],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,65354,65355,65357,65359,65361,65363,65365,65367,65369,65371,65373,65375,65377,65379,65381,65383],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,65356,7435],{"class":80},[74,65358,85],{"class":84},[74,65360,3271],{"class":106},[74,65362,122],{"class":88},[74,65364,376],{"class":92},[74,65366,122],{"class":88},[74,65368,249],{"class":106},[74,65370,89],{"class":88},[74,65372,93],{"class":92},[74,65374,122],{"class":88},[74,65376,249],{"class":106},[74,65378,89],{"class":88},[74,65380,3747],{"class":92},[74,65382,122],{"class":88},[74,65384,3284],{"class":106},[74,65386,65387,65390,65392,65394,65396],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,65388,65389],{"class":80},"search_value ",[74,65391,85],{"class":84},[74,65393,89],{"class":88},[74,65395,32878],{"class":92},[74,65397,96],{"class":88},[74,65399,65400],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,65401,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,65403,65404,65406,65409,65411,65413],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,65405,6651],{"class":3529},[74,65407,65408],{"class":80}," search_value ",[74,65410,351],{"class":84},[74,65412,5617],{"class":80},[74,65414,6046],{"class":106},[74,65416,65417,65419,65421,65423,65425,65427,65429,65432],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,65418,7726],{"class":102},[74,65420,107],{"class":106},[74,65422,7466],{"class":110},[74,65424,114],{"class":106},[74,65426,35503],{"class":110},[74,65428,107],{"class":106},[74,65430,65431],{"class":110},"search_value",[74,65433,130],{"class":106},[74,65435,65436,65438],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,65437,27088],{"class":3529},[74,65439,6046],{"class":106},[74,65441,65442,65444,65446,65448,65451,65453],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,65443,7726],{"class":102},[74,65445,107],{"class":106},[74,65447,122],{"class":88},[74,65449,65450],{"class":92},"Item not found",[74,65452,122],{"class":88},[74,65454,260],{"class":106},[20,65456,157],{},[65,65458,65460],{"className":67,"code":65459,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"Item not found\n",[15,65461,65462],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,65463,65464,65467,65469],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,65465,65466],{"class":80},"Item ",[74,65468,334],{"class":84},[74,65470,65471],{"class":80}," found\n",[20,65473,65474],{},"This avoids the error and makes your code easier to understand.",[20,65476,65477,65478,114],{},"If you want more help with this kind of problem, see ",[125,65479,65481],{"href":65480},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes","ValueError in Python: causes and fixes",[60,65483,4170],{"id":4169},[20,65485,20867,65486,679],{},[15,65487,64511],{},[30,65489,65490,65508,65520,65580],{},[33,65491,25431,65492,2039,65494,65497,65498,65500,65501,335,65503,65505,65506,114],{},[15,65493,1132],{},[15,65495,65496],{},"-1"," if the item is missing",[9503,65499],{},"\nPython does ",[332,65502,334],{},[15,65504,65496],{},". It raises ",[15,65507,40361],{},[33,65509,65510,65511,65513,65516,65517,65519],{},"Confusing the item value with the item position",[9503,65512],{},[15,65514,65515],{},"my_list.index(\"banana\")"," returns the position of ",[15,65518,219],{},", not the value itself.",[33,65521,571,65522,10750,65525,65527,65529,65530,16314,65532,65555,16302,65557],{},[15,65523,65524],{},"index[]",[15,65526,1132],{},[9503,65528],{},"\nThis is a method call, so you must use parentheses.",[9503,65531],{},[65,65533,65535],{"className":67,"code":65534,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"items.index(\"banana\")\n",[15,65536,65537],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,65538,65539,65541,65543,65545,65547,65549,65551,65553],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,65540,7466],{"class":80},[74,65542,114],{"class":106},[74,65544,35503],{"class":110},[74,65546,107],{"class":106},[74,65548,122],{"class":88},[74,65550,93],{"class":92},[74,65552,122],{"class":88},[74,65554,260],{"class":106},[9503,65556],{},[65,65558,65560],{"className":67,"code":65559,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"items.index[\"banana\"]\n",[15,65561,65562],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,65563,65564,65566,65568,65570,65572,65574,65576,65578],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,65565,7466],{"class":80},[74,65567,114],{"class":106},[74,65569,35503],{"class":24406},[74,65571,742],{"class":106},[74,65573,122],{"class":88},[74,65575,93],{"class":92},[74,65577,122],{"class":88},[74,65579,3284],{"class":106},[33,65581,65582,65583,65585,51,65588,65590,65591],{},"Searching with the wrong type",[9503,65584],{},[15,65586,65587],{},"\"3\"",[15,65589,321],{}," are different values in Python.",[65,65592,65594],{"className":67,"code":65593,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\"3\" in numbers)  # False\n",[15,65595,65596,65616],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,65597,65598,65600,65602,65604,65606,65608,65610,65612,65614],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,65599,3266],{"class":80},[74,65601,85],{"class":84},[74,65603,3271],{"class":106},[74,65605,2632],{"class":167},[74,65607,249],{"class":106},[74,65609,620],{"class":167},[74,65611,249],{"class":106},[74,65613,2094],{"class":167},[74,65615,3284],{"class":106},[74,65617,65618,65620,65622,65624,65626,65628,65630,65632,65634],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,65619,103],{"class":102},[74,65621,107],{"class":106},[74,65623,122],{"class":88},[74,65625,321],{"class":92},[74,65627,122],{"class":88},[74,65629,20829],{"class":3529},[74,65631,3914],{"class":110},[74,65633,3311],{"class":106},[74,65635,4423],{"class":3314},[20,65637,65638],{},"If your code is not working, these quick checks can help:",[65,65640,65642],{"className":67,"code":65641,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(search_value))\nprint(search_value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.index(search_value))\n",[15,65643,65644,65654,65668,65682],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,65645,65646,65648,65650,65652],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,65647,103],{"class":102},[74,65649,107],{"class":106},[74,65651,7997],{"class":110},[74,65653,260],{"class":106},[74,65655,65656,65658,65660,65662,65664,65666],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,65657,103],{"class":102},[74,65659,107],{"class":106},[74,65661,1346],{"class":1345},[74,65663,107],{"class":106},[74,65665,65431],{"class":110},[74,65667,130],{"class":106},[74,65669,65670,65672,65674,65676,65678,65680],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,65671,103],{"class":102},[74,65673,107],{"class":106},[74,65675,65389],{"class":110},[74,65677,351],{"class":3529},[74,65679,8054],{"class":110},[74,65681,260],{"class":106},[74,65683,65684,65686,65688,65690,65692,65694,65696,65698],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,65685,103],{"class":102},[74,65687,107],{"class":106},[74,65689,7997],{"class":110},[74,65691,114],{"class":106},[74,65693,35503],{"class":110},[74,65695,107],{"class":106},[74,65697,65431],{"class":110},[74,65699,130],{"class":106},[20,65701,65702],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will still raise an error if the value is missing.",[20,65704,65705],{},"Common causes of problems include:",[30,65707,65708,65711,65718,65724],{},[33,65709,65710],{},"The searched value is not in the list",[33,65712,65713,65714,10750,65716],{},"The value exists but has a different type, such as ",[15,65715,65587],{},[15,65717,321],{},[33,65719,65720,65721,65723],{},"The code expects all matches, but ",[15,65722,1132],{}," returns only the first one",[33,65725,65726],{},"Parentheses were forgotten when calling the method",[60,65728,1260,65730],{"id":65729},"when-to-use-index",[15,65731,1132],{},[20,65733,176,65734,10259],{},[15,65735,1132],{},[30,65737,65738,65741,65744],{},[33,65739,65740],{},"You need the position of a known value",[33,65742,65743],{},"You are working with a small list",[33,65745,65746],{},"You only need the first matching position",[20,65748,65749],{},"Do not use it when you need every matching position. In that case, a loop or list comprehension is a better choice.",[60,65751,1471],{"id":1470},[262,65753,1495,65755,4796],{"id":65754},"what-does-listindex-return-in-python",[15,65756,64511],{},[20,65758,65759],{},"It returns the index of the first matching item in the list.",[262,65761,1517,65763,335,65765,65767],{"id":65762},"does-listindex-return-1-if-the-value-is-not-found",[15,65764,64511],{},[15,65766,65496],{}," if the value is not found?",[20,65769,65770,65771,6284],{},"No. It raises ",[15,65772,40361],{},[262,65774,1507,65776,65778],{"id":65775},"can-listindex-find-all-matching-items",[15,65777,64511],{}," find all matching items?",[20,65780,65781],{},"No. It returns only the first match.",[262,65783,65785,65786,2135],{"id":65784},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-list-with-index","Can I search only part of a list with ",[15,65787,1132],{},[20,65789,65790,65791,51,65793,65795],{},"Yes. You can use the optional ",[15,65792,50],{},[15,65794,54],{}," arguments.",[60,65797,1527],{"id":1526},[30,65799,65800,65804,65808,65812],{},[33,65801,65802],{},[125,65803,58605],{"href":64938},[33,65805,65806],{},[125,65807,52423],{"href":54222},[33,65809,65810],{},[125,65811,65481],{"href":65480},[33,65813,65814],{},[125,65815,55172,65816,10399],{"href":58674},[15,65817,17],{},[1566,65819,65820],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":70,"searchDepth":99,"depth":99,"links":65822},[65823,65824,65826,65827,65828,65829,65830,65831,65832,65833,65835,65845],{"id":3255,"depth":99,"text":3256},{"id":64607,"depth":99,"text":65825},"What list.index() does",{"id":226,"depth":99,"text":227},{"id":37675,"depth":99,"text":37676},{"id":64814,"depth":99,"text":64815},{"id":64942,"depth":99,"text":64943},{"id":570,"depth":99,"text":1581},{"id":65271,"depth":99,"text":65272},{"id":4169,"depth":99,"text":4170},{"id":65729,"depth":99,"text":65834},"When to use index()",{"id":1470,"depth":99,"text":1471,"children":65836},[65837,65839,65841,65843],{"id":65754,"depth":133,"text":65838},"What does list.index() return in Python?",{"id":65762,"depth":133,"text":65840},"Does list.index() return -1 if the value is not found?",{"id":65775,"depth":133,"text":65842},"Can list.index() find all matching items?",{"id":65784,"depth":133,"text":65844},"Can I search only part of a list with index()?",{"id":1526,"depth":99,"text":1527},"Master python list index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method",{"title":64499,"description":65846},"reference\u002Fpython-list-index-method","AmwxQ3VBBVSHTCmxaOPqq2Gy26F_doVR46oMWCVmI50",{"id":65853,"title":65854,"body":65855,"description":67797,"extension":1610,"meta":67798,"navigation":407,"path":67799,"seo":67800,"stem":67801,"__hash__":67802},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method.md","Python List insert() Method",{"type":7,"value":65856,"toc":67757},[65857,65862,65867,65870,65879,65936,65942,65947,65951,65965,65971,65973,65996,66013,66015,66076,66078,66110,66123,66125,66128,66228,66230,66308,66314,66318,66326,66330,66336,66391,66393,66417,66421,66424,66477,66479,66503,66507,66510,66563,66565,66589,66593,66599,66670,66672,66713,66719,66726,66729,66734,66742,66747,66755,66757,66854,66856,66925,66932,66937,66939,66943,66948,66950,67021,67023,67052,67058,67060,67087,67090,67113,67117,67120,67142,67145,67168,67170,67230,67232,67264,67270,67275,67328,67330,67355,67358,67407,67409,67430,67434,67439,67442,67497,67499,67526,67533,67537,67542,67613,67616,67630,67635,67640,67642,67656,67668,67673,67675,67680,67685,67689,67692,67698,67704,67711,67719,67721,67754],[10,65858,53994,65860,18],{"id":65859},"python-list-insert-method",[15,65861,53920],{},[20,65863,65864,65866],{},[15,65865,53563],{}," adds an item to a list at a specific position.",[20,65868,65869],{},"This method is useful when the position matters. For example, you may want to add a new value at the beginning of a list, in the middle, or just before the last item.",[20,65871,176,65872,65874,65875,114],{},[15,65873,53920],{}," when you need to place an item at a chosen index. If you only want to add an item at the end, see the ",[125,65876,55172,65877,10399],{"href":56421},[15,65878,52305],{},[65,65880,65882],{"className":67,"code":65881,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [1, 2, 4]\nnumbers.insert(2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,65883,65884,65904,65922,65932],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,65885,65886,65888,65890,65892,65894,65896,65898,65900,65902],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,65887,3266],{"class":80},[74,65889,85],{"class":84},[74,65891,3271],{"class":106},[74,65893,2632],{"class":167},[74,65895,249],{"class":106},[74,65897,620],{"class":167},[74,65899,249],{"class":106},[74,65901,2100],{"class":167},[74,65903,3284],{"class":106},[74,65905,65906,65908,65910,65912,65914,65916,65918,65920],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,65907,3298],{"class":80},[74,65909,114],{"class":106},[74,65911,53603],{"class":110},[74,65913,107],{"class":106},[74,65915,687],{"class":167},[74,65917,249],{"class":106},[74,65919,2094],{"class":167},[74,65921,260],{"class":106},[74,65923,65924,65926,65928,65930],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,65925,103],{"class":102},[74,65927,107],{"class":106},[74,65929,3298],{"class":110},[74,65931,260],{"class":106},[74,65933,65934],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,65935,52375],{"class":3314},[20,65937,176,65938,65941],{},[15,65939,65940],{},"list.insert(index, value)"," to add an item at a specific position.",[60,65943,3328,65945,38],{"id":65944},"what-listinsert-does",[15,65946,53563],{},[20,65948,65949,679],{},[15,65950,53563],{},[30,65952,65953,65956,65959,65961],{},[33,65954,65955],{},"Adds one item into a list at a chosen position",[33,65957,65958],{},"Shifts existing items to the right",[33,65960,54080],{},[33,65962,11082,65963],{},[15,65964,3429],{},[20,65966,65967,65968,65970],{},"That last point is important. ",[15,65969,53920],{}," does not create a new list.",[60,65972,5081],{"id":5080},[65,65974,65976],{"className":67,"code":65975,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"my_list.insert(index, item)\n",[15,65977,65978],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,65979,65980,65982,65984,65986,65988,65990,65992,65994],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,65981,7997],{"class":80},[74,65983,114],{"class":106},[74,65985,53603],{"class":110},[74,65987,107],{"class":106},[74,65989,35503],{"class":110},[74,65991,249],{"class":106},[74,65993,29162],{"class":110},[74,65995,260],{"class":106},[30,65997,65998,66003,66008],{},[33,65999,66000,66002],{},[15,66001,35503],{}," is the position where the new item should go",[33,66004,66005,66007],{},[15,66006,22966],{}," is the value to add",[33,66009,66010,66011],{},"The first list position is index ",[15,66012,327],{},[20,66014,506],{},[65,66016,66018],{"className":67,"code":66017,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,66019,66020,66044,66066],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,66021,66022,66024,66026,66028,66030,66032,66034,66036,66038,66040,66042],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,66023,35746],{"class":80},[74,66025,85],{"class":84},[74,66027,3271],{"class":106},[74,66029,122],{"class":88},[74,66031,125],{"class":92},[74,66033,122],{"class":88},[74,66035,249],{"class":106},[74,66037,89],{"class":88},[74,66039,9396],{"class":92},[74,66041,122],{"class":88},[74,66043,3284],{"class":106},[74,66045,66046,66048,66050,66052,66054,66056,66058,66060,66062,66064],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,66047,35799],{"class":80},[74,66049,114],{"class":106},[74,66051,53603],{"class":110},[74,66053,107],{"class":106},[74,66055,2632],{"class":167},[74,66057,249],{"class":106},[74,66059,89],{"class":88},[74,66061,4412],{"class":92},[74,66063,122],{"class":88},[74,66065,260],{"class":106},[74,66067,66068,66070,66072,66074],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,66069,103],{"class":102},[74,66071,107],{"class":106},[74,66073,35799],{"class":110},[74,66075,260],{"class":106},[20,66077,157],{},[65,66079,66080],{"className":67,"code":42530,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,66081,66082],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,66083,66084,66086,66088,66090,66092,66094,66096,66098,66100,66102,66104,66106,66108],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,66085,742],{"class":106},[74,66087,2946],{"class":88},[74,66089,125],{"class":92},[74,66091,2946],{"class":88},[74,66093,249],{"class":106},[74,66095,2941],{"class":88},[74,66097,4412],{"class":92},[74,66099,2946],{"class":88},[74,66101,249],{"class":106},[74,66103,2941],{"class":88},[74,66105,9396],{"class":92},[74,66107,2946],{"class":88},[74,66109,3284],{"class":106},[20,66111,20426,66112,66114,66115,66117,66118,51,66120,114],{},[15,66113,65237],{}," is inserted at index ",[15,66116,2632],{},", so it appears between ",[15,66119,215],{},[15,66121,66122],{},"\"c\"",[60,66124,5438],{"id":5437},[20,66126,66127],{},"Here is a simple before-and-after example:",[65,66129,66131],{"className":67,"code":66130,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\"Before:\", colors)\n\ncolors.insert(1, \"yellow\")\nprint(\"After: \", colors)\n",[15,66132,66133,66165,66183,66187,66209],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,66134,66135,66137,66139,66141,66143,66145,66147,66149,66151,66153,66155,66157,66159,66161,66163],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,66136,12732],{"class":80},[74,66138,85],{"class":84},[74,66140,3271],{"class":106},[74,66142,122],{"class":88},[74,66144,12749],{"class":92},[74,66146,122],{"class":88},[74,66148,249],{"class":106},[74,66150,89],{"class":88},[74,66152,12766],{"class":92},[74,66154,122],{"class":88},[74,66156,249],{"class":106},[74,66158,89],{"class":88},[74,66160,17110],{"class":92},[74,66162,122],{"class":88},[74,66164,3284],{"class":106},[74,66166,66167,66169,66171,66173,66175,66177,66179,66181],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,66168,103],{"class":102},[74,66170,107],{"class":106},[74,66172,122],{"class":88},[74,66174,11221],{"class":92},[74,66176,122],{"class":88},[74,66178,249],{"class":106},[74,66180,12780],{"class":110},[74,66182,260],{"class":106},[74,66184,66185],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,66186,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,66188,66189,66191,66193,66195,66197,66199,66201,66203,66205,66207],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,66190,17157],{"class":80},[74,66192,114],{"class":106},[74,66194,53603],{"class":110},[74,66196,107],{"class":106},[74,66198,2632],{"class":167},[74,66200,249],{"class":106},[74,66202,89],{"class":88},[74,66204,22180],{"class":92},[74,66206,122],{"class":88},[74,66208,260],{"class":106},[74,66210,66211,66213,66215,66217,66220,66222,66224,66226],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,66212,103],{"class":102},[74,66214,107],{"class":106},[74,66216,122],{"class":88},[74,66218,66219],{"class":92},"After: ",[74,66221,122],{"class":88},[74,66223,249],{"class":106},[74,66225,12780],{"class":110},[74,66227,260],{"class":106},[20,66229,157],{},[65,66231,66233],{"className":67,"code":66232,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"Before: ['red', 'blue', 'green']\nAfter:  ['red', 'yellow', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,66234,66235,66267],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,66236,66237,66239,66241,66243,66245,66247,66249,66251,66253,66255,66257,66259,66261,66263,66265],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,66238,11281],{"class":80},[74,66240,679],{"class":106},[74,66242,3271],{"class":106},[74,66244,2946],{"class":88},[74,66246,12749],{"class":92},[74,66248,2946],{"class":88},[74,66250,249],{"class":106},[74,66252,2941],{"class":88},[74,66254,12766],{"class":92},[74,66256,2946],{"class":88},[74,66258,249],{"class":106},[74,66260,2941],{"class":88},[74,66262,17110],{"class":92},[74,66264,2946],{"class":88},[74,66266,3284],{"class":106},[74,66268,66269,66271,66273,66276,66278,66280,66282,66284,66286,66288,66290,66292,66294,66296,66298,66300,66302,66304,66306],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,66270,11334],{"class":80},[74,66272,679],{"class":106},[74,66274,66275],{"class":106},"  [",[74,66277,2946],{"class":88},[74,66279,12749],{"class":92},[74,66281,2946],{"class":88},[74,66283,249],{"class":106},[74,66285,2941],{"class":88},[74,66287,22180],{"class":92},[74,66289,2946],{"class":88},[74,66291,249],{"class":106},[74,66293,2941],{"class":88},[74,66295,12766],{"class":92},[74,66297,2946],{"class":88},[74,66299,249],{"class":106},[74,66301,2941],{"class":88},[74,66303,17110],{"class":92},[74,66305,2946],{"class":88},[74,66307,3284],{"class":106},[20,66309,66310,66311,66313],{},"The new value appears at index ",[15,66312,2632],{},". The existing items from that position onward move one place to the right.",[60,66315,66317],{"id":66316},"how-the-index-works","How the index works",[20,66319,1627,66320,34987,66322,66325],{},[15,66321,35503],{},[15,66323,66324],{},"insert(index, item)"," controls where the new item is placed.",[262,66327,66329],{"id":66328},"insert-at-the-beginning","Insert at the beginning",[20,66331,66332,66333,66335],{},"Use index ",[15,66334,327],{}," to add an item at the start of the list.",[65,66337,66339],{"className":67,"code":66338,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"nums = [2, 3, 4]\nnums.insert(0, 1)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66340,66341,66362,66381],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,66342,66343,66346,66348,66350,66352,66354,66356,66358,66360],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,66344,66345],{"class":80},"nums ",[74,66347,85],{"class":84},[74,66349,3271],{"class":106},[74,66351,687],{"class":167},[74,66353,249],{"class":106},[74,66355,2094],{"class":167},[74,66357,249],{"class":106},[74,66359,2100],{"class":167},[74,66361,3284],{"class":106},[74,66363,66364,66367,66369,66371,66373,66375,66377,66379],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,66365,66366],{"class":80},"nums",[74,66368,114],{"class":106},[74,66370,53603],{"class":110},[74,66372,107],{"class":106},[74,66374,327],{"class":167},[74,66376,249],{"class":106},[74,66378,5148],{"class":167},[74,66380,260],{"class":106},[74,66382,66383,66385,66387,66389],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,66384,103],{"class":102},[74,66386,107],{"class":106},[74,66388,66366],{"class":110},[74,66390,260],{"class":106},[20,66392,157],{},[65,66394,66395],{"className":67,"code":53157,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,66396,66397],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,66398,66399,66401,66403,66405,66407,66409,66411,66413,66415],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,66400,742],{"class":106},[74,66402,2632],{"class":167},[74,66404,249],{"class":106},[74,66406,620],{"class":167},[74,66408,249],{"class":106},[74,66410,2094],{"class":167},[74,66412,249],{"class":106},[74,66414,2100],{"class":167},[74,66416,3284],{"class":106},[262,66418,66420],{"id":66419},"insert-in-the-middle","Insert in the middle",[20,66422,66423],{},"A middle index inserts between existing items.",[65,66425,66427],{"className":67,"code":66426,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"nums = [1, 2, 4]\nnums.insert(2, 3)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66428,66429,66449,66467],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,66430,66431,66433,66435,66437,66439,66441,66443,66445,66447],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,66432,66345],{"class":80},[74,66434,85],{"class":84},[74,66436,3271],{"class":106},[74,66438,2632],{"class":167},[74,66440,249],{"class":106},[74,66442,620],{"class":167},[74,66444,249],{"class":106},[74,66446,2100],{"class":167},[74,66448,3284],{"class":106},[74,66450,66451,66453,66455,66457,66459,66461,66463,66465],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,66452,66366],{"class":80},[74,66454,114],{"class":106},[74,66456,53603],{"class":110},[74,66458,107],{"class":106},[74,66460,687],{"class":167},[74,66462,249],{"class":106},[74,66464,2094],{"class":167},[74,66466,260],{"class":106},[74,66468,66469,66471,66473,66475],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,66470,103],{"class":102},[74,66472,107],{"class":106},[74,66474,66366],{"class":110},[74,66476,260],{"class":106},[20,66478,157],{},[65,66480,66481],{"className":67,"code":53157,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,66482,66483],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,66484,66485,66487,66489,66491,66493,66495,66497,66499,66501],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,66486,742],{"class":106},[74,66488,2632],{"class":167},[74,66490,249],{"class":106},[74,66492,620],{"class":167},[74,66494,249],{"class":106},[74,66496,2094],{"class":167},[74,66498,249],{"class":106},[74,66500,2100],{"class":167},[74,66502,3284],{"class":106},[262,66504,66506],{"id":66505},"insert-past-the-end","Insert past the end",[20,66508,66509],{},"If the index is greater than the list length, Python adds the item at the end.",[65,66511,66513],{"className":67,"code":66512,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"nums = [1, 2, 3]\nnums.insert(10, 4)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66514,66515,66535,66553],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,66516,66517,66519,66521,66523,66525,66527,66529,66531,66533],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,66518,66345],{"class":80},[74,66520,85],{"class":84},[74,66522,3271],{"class":106},[74,66524,2632],{"class":167},[74,66526,249],{"class":106},[74,66528,620],{"class":167},[74,66530,249],{"class":106},[74,66532,2094],{"class":167},[74,66534,3284],{"class":106},[74,66536,66537,66539,66541,66543,66545,66547,66549,66551],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,66538,66366],{"class":80},[74,66540,114],{"class":106},[74,66542,53603],{"class":110},[74,66544,107],{"class":106},[74,66546,1972],{"class":167},[74,66548,249],{"class":106},[74,66550,2100],{"class":167},[74,66552,260],{"class":106},[74,66554,66555,66557,66559,66561],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,66556,103],{"class":102},[74,66558,107],{"class":106},[74,66560,66366],{"class":110},[74,66562,260],{"class":106},[20,66564,157],{},[65,66566,66567],{"className":67,"code":53157,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,66568,66569],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,66570,66571,66573,66575,66577,66579,66581,66583,66585,66587],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,66572,742],{"class":106},[74,66574,2632],{"class":167},[74,66576,249],{"class":106},[74,66578,620],{"class":167},[74,66580,249],{"class":106},[74,66582,2094],{"class":167},[74,66584,249],{"class":106},[74,66586,2100],{"class":167},[74,66588,3284],{"class":106},[262,66590,66592],{"id":66591},"use-a-negative-index","Use a negative index",[20,66594,66595,66596,66598],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. ",[15,66597,53920],{}," places the item before that position.",[65,66600,66602],{"className":67,"code":66601,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"d\"]\nletters.insert(-1, \"c\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,66603,66604,66636,66660],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,66605,66606,66608,66610,66612,66614,66616,66618,66620,66622,66624,66626,66628,66630,66632,66634],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,66607,35746],{"class":80},[74,66609,85],{"class":84},[74,66611,3271],{"class":106},[74,66613,122],{"class":88},[74,66615,125],{"class":92},[74,66617,122],{"class":88},[74,66619,249],{"class":106},[74,66621,89],{"class":88},[74,66623,4412],{"class":92},[74,66625,122],{"class":88},[74,66627,249],{"class":106},[74,66629,89],{"class":88},[74,66631,18422],{"class":92},[74,66633,122],{"class":88},[74,66635,3284],{"class":106},[74,66637,66638,66640,66642,66644,66646,66648,66650,66652,66654,66656,66658],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,66639,35799],{"class":80},[74,66641,114],{"class":106},[74,66643,53603],{"class":110},[74,66645,107],{"class":106},[74,66647,1669],{"class":84},[74,66649,2632],{"class":167},[74,66651,249],{"class":106},[74,66653,89],{"class":88},[74,66655,9396],{"class":92},[74,66657,122],{"class":88},[74,66659,260],{"class":106},[74,66661,66662,66664,66666,66668],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,66663,103],{"class":102},[74,66665,107],{"class":106},[74,66667,35799],{"class":110},[74,66669,260],{"class":106},[20,66671,157],{},[65,66673,66675],{"className":67,"code":66674,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,66676,66677],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,66678,66679,66681,66683,66685,66687,66689,66691,66693,66695,66697,66699,66701,66703,66705,66707,66709,66711],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,66680,742],{"class":106},[74,66682,2946],{"class":88},[74,66684,125],{"class":92},[74,66686,2946],{"class":88},[74,66688,249],{"class":106},[74,66690,2941],{"class":88},[74,66692,4412],{"class":92},[74,66694,2946],{"class":88},[74,66696,249],{"class":106},[74,66698,2941],{"class":88},[74,66700,9396],{"class":92},[74,66702,2946],{"class":88},[74,66704,249],{"class":106},[74,66706,2941],{"class":88},[74,66708,18422],{"class":92},[74,66710,2946],{"class":88},[74,66712,3284],{"class":106},[20,66714,66715,66716,1945],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with list positions, the ",[125,66717,66718],{"href":50631},"Python lists beginner guide",[60,66720,66722,10243,66724],{"id":66721},"insert-vs-append",[15,66723,53920],{},[15,66725,52305],{},[20,66727,66728],{},"These methods both add items to a list, but they do different jobs.",[262,66730,176,66732,10259],{"id":66731},"use-insert-when",[15,66733,53920],{},[30,66735,66736,66739],{},[33,66737,66738],{},"You want to add an item at a specific position",[33,66740,66741],{},"The order of the list matters",[262,66743,176,66745,10259],{"id":66744},"use-append-when",[15,66746,52305],{},[30,66748,66749,66752],{},[33,66750,66751],{},"You want to add an item only at the end",[33,66753,66754],{},"You do not need to choose a position",[20,66756,506],{},[65,66758,66760],{"className":67,"code":66759,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"items = [\"apple\", \"orange\"]\n\nitems.insert(1, \"banana\")\nprint(items)\n\nitems.append(\"grape\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,66761,66762,66786,66790,66812,66822,66826,66844],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,66763,66764,66766,66768,66770,66772,66774,66776,66778,66780,66782,66784],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,66765,7435],{"class":80},[74,66767,85],{"class":84},[74,66769,3271],{"class":106},[74,66771,122],{"class":88},[74,66773,376],{"class":92},[74,66775,122],{"class":88},[74,66777,249],{"class":106},[74,66779,89],{"class":88},[74,66781,32878],{"class":92},[74,66783,122],{"class":88},[74,66785,3284],{"class":106},[74,66787,66788],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,66789,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,66791,66792,66794,66796,66798,66800,66802,66804,66806,66808,66810],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,66793,7466],{"class":80},[74,66795,114],{"class":106},[74,66797,53603],{"class":110},[74,66799,107],{"class":106},[74,66801,2632],{"class":167},[74,66803,249],{"class":106},[74,66805,89],{"class":88},[74,66807,93],{"class":92},[74,66809,122],{"class":88},[74,66811,260],{"class":106},[74,66813,66814,66816,66818,66820],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,66815,103],{"class":102},[74,66817,107],{"class":106},[74,66819,7466],{"class":110},[74,66821,260],{"class":106},[74,66823,66824],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,66825,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,66827,66828,66830,66832,66834,66836,66838,66840,66842],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,66829,7466],{"class":80},[74,66831,114],{"class":106},[74,66833,13210],{"class":110},[74,66835,107],{"class":106},[74,66837,122],{"class":88},[74,66839,22189],{"class":92},[74,66841,122],{"class":88},[74,66843,260],{"class":106},[74,66845,66846,66848,66850,66852],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,66847,103],{"class":102},[74,66849,107],{"class":106},[74,66851,7466],{"class":110},[74,66853,260],{"class":106},[20,66855,157],{},[65,66857,66859],{"className":67,"code":66858,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,66860,66861,66889],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,66862,66863,66865,66867,66869,66871,66873,66875,66877,66879,66881,66883,66885,66887],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,66864,742],{"class":106},[74,66866,2946],{"class":88},[74,66868,376],{"class":92},[74,66870,2946],{"class":88},[74,66872,249],{"class":106},[74,66874,2941],{"class":88},[74,66876,93],{"class":92},[74,66878,2946],{"class":88},[74,66880,249],{"class":106},[74,66882,2941],{"class":88},[74,66884,32878],{"class":92},[74,66886,2946],{"class":88},[74,66888,3284],{"class":106},[74,66890,66891,66893,66895,66897,66899,66901,66903,66905,66907,66909,66911,66913,66915,66917,66919,66921,66923],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,66892,742],{"class":106},[74,66894,2946],{"class":88},[74,66896,376],{"class":92},[74,66898,2946],{"class":88},[74,66900,249],{"class":106},[74,66902,2941],{"class":88},[74,66904,93],{"class":92},[74,66906,2946],{"class":88},[74,66908,249],{"class":106},[74,66910,2941],{"class":88},[74,66912,32878],{"class":92},[74,66914,2946],{"class":88},[74,66916,249],{"class":106},[74,66918,2941],{"class":88},[74,66920,22189],{"class":92},[74,66922,2946],{"class":88},[74,66924,3284],{"class":106},[20,66926,66927,66928,114],{},"For the full method details, see the ",[125,66929,55172,66930,10399],{"href":56421},[15,66931,52305],{},[20,66933,66934,66935,114],{},"If your goal is the task itself rather than the method details, see ",[125,66936,52701],{"href":52700},[60,66938,4170],{"id":4169},[20,66940,14391,66941,114],{},[15,66942,53920],{},[262,66944,12253,66946],{"id":66945},"assigning-the-result-of-insert",[15,66947,53920],{},[20,66949,25347],{},[65,66951,66953],{"className":67,"code":66952,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,66954,66955,66975,66997,67001,67011],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,66956,66957,66959,66961,66963,66965,66967,66969,66971,66973],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,66958,3266],{"class":80},[74,66960,85],{"class":84},[74,66962,3271],{"class":106},[74,66964,2632],{"class":167},[74,66966,249],{"class":106},[74,66968,620],{"class":167},[74,66970,249],{"class":106},[74,66972,2094],{"class":167},[74,66974,3284],{"class":106},[74,66976,66977,66979,66981,66983,66985,66987,66989,66991,66993,66995],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,66978,383],{"class":80},[74,66980,85],{"class":84},[74,66982,3914],{"class":80},[74,66984,114],{"class":106},[74,66986,53603],{"class":110},[74,66988,107],{"class":106},[74,66990,2632],{"class":167},[74,66992,249],{"class":106},[74,66994,9854],{"class":167},[74,66996,260],{"class":106},[74,66998,66999],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,67000,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,67002,67003,67005,67007,67009],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,67004,103],{"class":102},[74,67006,107],{"class":106},[74,67008,418],{"class":110},[74,67010,260],{"class":106},[74,67012,67013,67015,67017,67019],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,67014,103],{"class":102},[74,67016,107],{"class":106},[74,67018,3298],{"class":110},[74,67020,260],{"class":106},[20,67022,157],{},[65,67024,67026],{"className":67,"code":67025,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"None\n[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,67027,67028,67032],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,67029,67030],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,67031,11466],{"class":3504},[74,67033,67034,67036,67038,67040,67042,67044,67046,67048,67050],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,67035,742],{"class":106},[74,67037,2632],{"class":167},[74,67039,249],{"class":106},[74,67041,9854],{"class":167},[74,67043,249],{"class":106},[74,67045,620],{"class":167},[74,67047,249],{"class":106},[74,67049,2094],{"class":167},[74,67051,3284],{"class":106},[20,67053,67054,53805,67056,114],{},[15,67055,53920],{},[15,67057,3429],{},[20,67059,16302],{},[65,67061,67063],{"className":67,"code":67062,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"new_list = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,67064,67065],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,67066,67067,67069,67071,67073,67075,67077,67079,67081,67083,67085],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,67068,55542],{"class":80},[74,67070,85],{"class":84},[74,67072,3914],{"class":80},[74,67074,114],{"class":106},[74,67076,53603],{"class":110},[74,67078,107],{"class":106},[74,67080,2632],{"class":167},[74,67082,249],{"class":106},[74,67084,9854],{"class":167},[74,67086,260],{"class":106},[20,67088,67089],{},"Right:",[65,67091,67093],{"className":67,"code":67092,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,67094,67095],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,67096,67097,67099,67101,67103,67105,67107,67109,67111],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,67098,3298],{"class":80},[74,67100,114],{"class":106},[74,67102,53603],{"class":110},[74,67104,107],{"class":106},[74,67106,2632],{"class":167},[74,67108,249],{"class":106},[74,67110,9854],{"class":167},[74,67112,260],{"class":106},[262,67114,67116],{"id":67115},"passing-arguments-in-the-wrong-order","Passing arguments in the wrong order",[20,67118,67119],{},"The correct order is:",[65,67121,67122],{"className":67,"code":65975,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,67123,67124],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,67125,67126,67128,67130,67132,67134,67136,67138,67140],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,67127,7997],{"class":80},[74,67129,114],{"class":106},[74,67131,53603],{"class":110},[74,67133,107],{"class":106},[74,67135,35503],{"class":110},[74,67137,249],{"class":106},[74,67139,29162],{"class":110},[74,67141,260],{"class":106},[20,67143,67144],{},"Not:",[65,67146,67148],{"className":67,"code":67147,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"my_list.insert(item, index)\n",[15,67149,67150],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,67151,67152,67154,67156,67158,67160,67162,67164,67166],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,67153,7997],{"class":80},[74,67155,114],{"class":106},[74,67157,53603],{"class":110},[74,67159,107],{"class":106},[74,67161,22966],{"class":110},[74,67163,249],{"class":106},[74,67165,35478],{"class":110},[74,67167,260],{"class":106},[20,67169,506],{},[65,67171,67172],{"className":67,"code":66017,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,67173,67174,67198,67220],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,67175,67176,67178,67180,67182,67184,67186,67188,67190,67192,67194,67196],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,67177,35746],{"class":80},[74,67179,85],{"class":84},[74,67181,3271],{"class":106},[74,67183,122],{"class":88},[74,67185,125],{"class":92},[74,67187,122],{"class":88},[74,67189,249],{"class":106},[74,67191,89],{"class":88},[74,67193,9396],{"class":92},[74,67195,122],{"class":88},[74,67197,3284],{"class":106},[74,67199,67200,67202,67204,67206,67208,67210,67212,67214,67216,67218],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,67201,35799],{"class":80},[74,67203,114],{"class":106},[74,67205,53603],{"class":110},[74,67207,107],{"class":106},[74,67209,2632],{"class":167},[74,67211,249],{"class":106},[74,67213,89],{"class":88},[74,67215,4412],{"class":92},[74,67217,122],{"class":88},[74,67219,260],{"class":106},[74,67221,67222,67224,67226,67228],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,67223,103],{"class":102},[74,67225,107],{"class":106},[74,67227,35799],{"class":110},[74,67229,260],{"class":106},[20,67231,157],{},[65,67233,67234],{"className":67,"code":42530,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,67235,67236],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,67237,67238,67240,67242,67244,67246,67248,67250,67252,67254,67256,67258,67260,67262],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,67239,742],{"class":106},[74,67241,2946],{"class":88},[74,67243,125],{"class":92},[74,67245,2946],{"class":88},[74,67247,249],{"class":106},[74,67249,2941],{"class":88},[74,67251,4412],{"class":92},[74,67253,2946],{"class":88},[74,67255,249],{"class":106},[74,67257,2941],{"class":88},[74,67259,9396],{"class":92},[74,67261,2946],{"class":88},[74,67263,3284],{"class":106},[262,67265,923,67267,67269],{"id":67266},"expecting-insert-to-replace-an-item",[15,67268,53920],{}," to replace an item",[20,67271,67272,67274],{},[15,67273,53920],{}," does not replace an existing value. It shifts items to the right.",[65,67276,67278],{"className":67,"code":67277,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.insert(1, 99)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67279,67280,67300,67318],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,67281,67282,67284,67286,67288,67290,67292,67294,67296,67298],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,67283,3266],{"class":80},[74,67285,85],{"class":84},[74,67287,3271],{"class":106},[74,67289,2632],{"class":167},[74,67291,249],{"class":106},[74,67293,620],{"class":167},[74,67295,249],{"class":106},[74,67297,2094],{"class":167},[74,67299,3284],{"class":106},[74,67301,67302,67304,67306,67308,67310,67312,67314,67316],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,67303,3298],{"class":80},[74,67305,114],{"class":106},[74,67307,53603],{"class":110},[74,67309,107],{"class":106},[74,67311,2632],{"class":167},[74,67313,249],{"class":106},[74,67315,9854],{"class":167},[74,67317,260],{"class":106},[74,67319,67320,67322,67324,67326],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,67321,103],{"class":102},[74,67323,107],{"class":106},[74,67325,3298],{"class":110},[74,67327,260],{"class":106},[20,67329,157],{},[65,67331,67333],{"className":67,"code":67332,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,67334,67335],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,67336,67337,67339,67341,67343,67345,67347,67349,67351,67353],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,67338,742],{"class":106},[74,67340,2632],{"class":167},[74,67342,249],{"class":106},[74,67344,9854],{"class":167},[74,67346,249],{"class":106},[74,67348,620],{"class":167},[74,67350,249],{"class":106},[74,67352,2094],{"class":167},[74,67354,3284],{"class":106},[20,67356,67357],{},"If you want to replace a value instead, use assignment:",[65,67359,67361],{"className":67,"code":67360,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers[1] = 99\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67362,67363,67383,67397],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,67364,67365,67367,67369,67371,67373,67375,67377,67379,67381],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,67366,3266],{"class":80},[74,67368,85],{"class":84},[74,67370,3271],{"class":106},[74,67372,2632],{"class":167},[74,67374,249],{"class":106},[74,67376,620],{"class":167},[74,67378,249],{"class":106},[74,67380,2094],{"class":167},[74,67382,3284],{"class":106},[74,67384,67385,67387,67389,67391,67393,67395],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,67386,3298],{"class":80},[74,67388,742],{"class":106},[74,67390,2632],{"class":167},[74,67392,12930],{"class":106},[74,67394,12933],{"class":84},[74,67396,13788],{"class":167},[74,67398,67399,67401,67403,67405],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,67400,103],{"class":102},[74,67402,107],{"class":106},[74,67404,3298],{"class":110},[74,67406,260],{"class":106},[20,67408,157],{},[65,67410,67412],{"className":67,"code":67411,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"[1, 99, 3]\n",[15,67413,67414],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,67415,67416,67418,67420,67422,67424,67426,67428],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,67417,742],{"class":106},[74,67419,2632],{"class":167},[74,67421,249],{"class":106},[74,67423,9854],{"class":167},[74,67425,249],{"class":106},[74,67427,2094],{"class":167},[74,67429,3284],{"class":106},[262,67431,67433],{"id":67432},"trying-to-insert-multiple-items-at-once","Trying to insert multiple items at once",[20,67435,67436,67438],{},[15,67437,53920],{}," adds one item each time.",[20,67440,67441],{},"This inserts a single list as one item:",[65,67443,67445],{"className":67,"code":67444,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [1, 4]\nnumbers.insert(1, [2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67446,67447,67463,67487],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,67448,67449,67451,67453,67455,67457,67459,67461],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,67450,3266],{"class":80},[74,67452,85],{"class":84},[74,67454,3271],{"class":106},[74,67456,2632],{"class":167},[74,67458,249],{"class":106},[74,67460,2100],{"class":167},[74,67462,3284],{"class":106},[74,67464,67465,67467,67469,67471,67473,67475,67477,67479,67481,67483,67485],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,67466,3298],{"class":80},[74,67468,114],{"class":106},[74,67470,53603],{"class":110},[74,67472,107],{"class":106},[74,67474,2632],{"class":167},[74,67476,249],{"class":106},[74,67478,3271],{"class":106},[74,67480,687],{"class":167},[74,67482,249],{"class":106},[74,67484,2094],{"class":167},[74,67486,751],{"class":106},[74,67488,67489,67491,67493,67495],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,67490,103],{"class":102},[74,67492,107],{"class":106},[74,67494,3298],{"class":110},[74,67496,260],{"class":106},[20,67498,157],{},[65,67500,67502],{"className":67,"code":67501,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"[1, [2, 3], 4]\n",[15,67503,67504],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,67505,67506,67508,67510,67512,67514,67516,67518,67520,67522,67524],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,67507,742],{"class":106},[74,67509,2632],{"class":167},[74,67511,249],{"class":106},[74,67513,3271],{"class":106},[74,67515,687],{"class":167},[74,67517,249],{"class":106},[74,67519,2094],{"class":167},[74,67521,17717],{"class":106},[74,67523,2100],{"class":167},[74,67525,3284],{"class":106},[20,67527,67528,67529,114],{},"If you want to add many items, see the ",[125,67530,55172,67531,10399],{"href":52996},[15,67532,53098],{},[262,67534,67536],{"id":67535},"helpful-checks-while-debugging","Helpful checks while debugging",[20,67538,1318,67539,67541],{},[15,67540,53920],{}," is not doing what you expect, these can help:",[65,67543,67545],{"className":67,"code":67544,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.insert.__doc__)\nhelp(list.insert)\ntype(my_list)\n",[15,67546,67547,67557,67571,67589,67603],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,67548,67549,67551,67553,67555],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,67550,103],{"class":102},[74,67552,107],{"class":106},[74,67554,7997],{"class":110},[74,67556,260],{"class":106},[74,67558,67559,67561,67563,67565,67567,67569],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,67560,103],{"class":102},[74,67562,107],{"class":106},[74,67564,10820],{"class":102},[74,67566,107],{"class":106},[74,67568,7997],{"class":110},[74,67570,130],{"class":106},[74,67572,67573,67575,67577,67579,67581,67583,67585,67587],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,67574,103],{"class":102},[74,67576,107],{"class":106},[74,67578,7997],{"class":110},[74,67580,114],{"class":106},[74,67582,53603],{"class":24406},[74,67584,114],{"class":106},[74,67586,34104],{"class":34111},[74,67588,260],{"class":106},[74,67590,67591,67593,67595,67597,67599,67601],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,67592,31809],{"class":102},[74,67594,107],{"class":106},[74,67596,7751],{"class":1345},[74,67598,114],{"class":106},[74,67600,53603],{"class":24406},[74,67602,260],{"class":106},[74,67604,67605,67607,67609,67611],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,67606,1346],{"class":1345},[74,67608,107],{"class":106},[74,67610,7997],{"class":110},[74,67612,260],{"class":106},[20,67614,67615],{},"These checks can help you confirm:",[30,67617,67618,67621,67624,67627],{},[33,67619,67620],{},"What is currently in the list",[33,67622,67623],{},"How long the list is",[33,67625,67626],{},"That you are working with a real list",[33,67628,67629],{},"How Python describes the method",[60,67631,1260,67633],{"id":67632},"when-to-use-insert",[15,67634,53920],{},[20,67636,176,67637,67639],{},[15,67638,53920],{}," when position matters.",[20,67641,36082],{},[30,67643,67644,67647,67650,67653],{},[33,67645,67646],{},"Ordered menus",[33,67648,67649],{},"Rankings or score lists",[33,67651,67652],{},"Step-by-step manual list building",[33,67654,67655],{},"Inserting a value at the beginning or middle",[20,67657,67658,67659,67661,67662,67664,67665,67667],{},"You usually do ",[332,67660,334],{}," need ",[15,67663,53920],{}," when adding only to the end of a list. In that case, ",[15,67666,52305],{}," is simpler.",[20,67669,67670,67671,114],{},"If you need a refresher on making lists before using methods on them, see ",[125,67672,56807],{"href":56806},[60,67674,1471],{"id":1470},[262,67676,1517,67678,55121],{"id":67677},"does-listinsert-return-a-new-list",[15,67679,53563],{},[20,67681,67682,67683,114],{},"No. It changes the existing list and returns ",[15,67684,3429],{},[262,67686,67688],{"id":67687},"what-happens-if-the-index-is-bigger-than-the-list-length","What happens if the index is bigger than the list length?",[20,67690,67691],{},"Python adds the item at the end of the list.",[262,67693,1507,67695,67697],{"id":67694},"can-listinsert-add-multiple-items",[15,67696,53563],{}," add multiple items?",[20,67699,67700,67701,67703],{},"It adds one item each time. To add many items, use ",[15,67702,53098],{}," or slicing.",[262,67705,4828,67707,51,67709,2135],{"id":67706},"what-is-the-difference-between-insert-and-append",[15,67708,53920],{},[15,67710,52305],{},[20,67712,67713,67715,67716,67718],{},[15,67714,53920],{}," adds at a chosen position. ",[15,67717,52305],{}," adds only at the end.",[60,67720,1527],{"id":1526},[30,67722,67723,67729,67735,67739,67743,67747],{},[33,67724,67725],{},[125,67726,55172,67727,10399],{"href":56421},[15,67728,52305],{},[33,67730,67731],{},[125,67732,55172,67733,10399],{"href":52996},[15,67734,53098],{},[33,67736,67737],{},[125,67738,53930],{"href":52700},[33,67740,67741],{},[125,67742,52423],{"href":50631},[33,67744,67745],{},[125,67746,56881],{"href":56806},[33,67748,67749],{},[125,67750,30003,67751,33291],{"href":53948},[15,67752,67753],{},"'list' object has no attribute ...",[1566,67755,67756],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":70,"searchDepth":99,"depth":99,"links":67758},[67759,67761,67762,67763,67769,67776,67785,67787,67796],{"id":65944,"depth":99,"text":67760},"What list.insert() does",{"id":5080,"depth":99,"text":5081},{"id":5437,"depth":99,"text":5438},{"id":66316,"depth":99,"text":66317,"children":67764},[67765,67766,67767,67768],{"id":66328,"depth":133,"text":66329},{"id":66419,"depth":133,"text":66420},{"id":66505,"depth":133,"text":66506},{"id":66591,"depth":133,"text":66592},{"id":66721,"depth":99,"text":67770,"children":67771},"insert() vs append()",[67772,67774],{"id":66731,"depth":133,"text":67773},"Use insert() when:",{"id":66744,"depth":133,"text":67775},"Use append() when:",{"id":4169,"depth":99,"text":4170,"children":67777},[67778,67780,67781,67783,67784],{"id":66945,"depth":133,"text":67779},"Assigning the result of insert()",{"id":67115,"depth":133,"text":67116},{"id":67266,"depth":133,"text":67782},"Expecting insert() to replace an item",{"id":67432,"depth":133,"text":67433},{"id":67535,"depth":133,"text":67536},{"id":67632,"depth":99,"text":67786},"When to use insert()",{"id":1470,"depth":99,"text":1471,"children":67788},[67789,67791,67792,67794],{"id":67677,"depth":133,"text":67790},"Does list.insert() return a new list?",{"id":67687,"depth":133,"text":67688},{"id":67694,"depth":133,"text":67793},"Can list.insert() add multiple items?",{"id":67706,"depth":133,"text":67795},"What is the difference between insert() and append()?",{"id":1526,"depth":99,"text":1527},"Master python list insert method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method",{"title":65854,"description":67797},"reference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method","x_dK_NYzoYQLOwms5BtRdF_-FqYStoiPzy7EKR6Cd44",{"id":67804,"title":67805,"body":67806,"description":69361,"extension":1610,"meta":69362,"navigation":407,"path":58621,"seo":69363,"stem":69364,"__hash__":69365},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len.md","Python List Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":67807,"toc":69334},[67808,67814,67823,67872,67874,67882,67888,67890,67908,67914,67919,67922,67925,67940,67942,67994,67996,68004,68012,68019,68021,68027,68092,68094,68102,68104,68123,68126,68177,68181,68186,68213,68215,68223,68226,68295,68297,68312,68318,68322,68331,68334,68389,68391,68399,68402,68404,68449,68451,68459,68465,68467,68475,68478,68480,68519,68521,68560,68565,68567,68569,68604,68607,68609,68647,68651,68657,68659,68710,68712,68720,68727,68730,68751,68754,68809,68820,68822,68883,68885,68894,68901,68907,68910,68913,68970,68973,68986,68993,68999,69005,69007,69020,69023,69120,69122,69139,69142,69224,69226,69248,69255,69261,69263,69267,69273,69279,69284,69288,69291,69297,69304,69306,69331],[10,67809,67811,67812,3311],{"id":67810},"python-list-length-len","Python List Length (",[15,67813,10820],{},[20,67815,67816,67817,67819,67820,67822],{},"Learn how to get the number of items in a Python list using ",[15,67818,42016],{},". This page focuses on the basic use of ",[15,67821,42016],{}," with lists, common beginner mistakes, and simple examples.",[65,67824,67826],{"className":67,"code":67825,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\ncount = len(numbers)\nprint(count)\n",[15,67827,67828,67848,67862],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,67829,67830,67832,67834,67836,67838,67840,67842,67844,67846],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,67831,3266],{"class":80},[74,67833,85],{"class":84},[74,67835,3271],{"class":106},[74,67837,1972],{"class":167},[74,67839,249],{"class":106},[74,67841,7446],{"class":167},[74,67843,249],{"class":106},[74,67845,7451],{"class":167},[74,67847,3284],{"class":106},[74,67849,67850,67852,67854,67856,67858,67860],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,67851,40898],{"class":80},[74,67853,85],{"class":84},[74,67855,38042],{"class":102},[74,67857,107],{"class":106},[74,67859,3298],{"class":110},[74,67861,260],{"class":106},[74,67863,67864,67866,67868,67870],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,67865,103],{"class":102},[74,67867,107],{"class":106},[74,67869,117],{"class":110},[74,67871,260],{"class":106},[20,67873,157],{},[65,67875,67876],{"className":67,"code":168,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,67877,67878],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,67879,67880],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,67881,168],{"class":167},[20,67883,176,67884,67887],{},[15,67885,67886],{},"len(list_name)"," to get how many items are in a list.",[60,67889,14820],{"id":14819},[30,67891,67892,67897,67902,67905],{},[33,67893,3849,67894,67896],{},[15,67895,42016],{}," works with Python lists",[33,67898,67899,67900,11363],{},"What value ",[15,67901,42016],{},[33,67903,67904],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty lists",[33,67906,67907],{},"Common mistakes beginners make",[60,67909,3328,67911,67913],{"id":67910},"what-len-returns-for-a-list",[15,67912,42016],{}," returns for a list",[20,67915,67916,64729],{},[15,67917,67918],{},"len(my_list)",[20,67920,67921],{},"That integer is the number of items in the list.",[20,67923,67924],{},"A few important points:",[30,67926,67927,67930,67935],{},[33,67928,67929],{},"It counts list items",[33,67931,330,67932,67934],{},[332,67933,334],{}," count characters inside a string item",[33,67936,67937,67938],{},"An empty list returns ",[15,67939,327],{},[20,67941,506],{},[65,67943,67945],{"className":67,"code":67944,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,67946,67947,67980],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,67948,67949,67951,67953,67955,67957,67959,67961,67963,67965,67968,67970,67972,67974,67976,67978],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,67950,3722],{"class":80},[74,67952,85],{"class":84},[74,67954,3271],{"class":106},[74,67956,122],{"class":88},[74,67958,486],{"class":92},[74,67960,122],{"class":88},[74,67962,249],{"class":106},[74,67964,89],{"class":88},[74,67966,67967],{"class":92},"elephant",[74,67969,122],{"class":88},[74,67971,249],{"class":106},[74,67973,89],{"class":88},[74,67975,57778],{"class":92},[74,67977,122],{"class":88},[74,67979,3284],{"class":106},[74,67981,67982,67984,67986,67988,67990,67992],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,67983,103],{"class":102},[74,67985,107],{"class":106},[74,67987,10820],{"class":102},[74,67989,107],{"class":106},[74,67991,3764],{"class":110},[74,67993,130],{"class":106},[20,67995,157],{},[65,67997,67998],{"className":67,"code":168,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,67999,68000],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,68001,68002],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,68003,168],{"class":167},[20,68005,20633,68006,68009,68010,64736],{},[15,68007,68008],{},"\"elephant\""," has many characters, it still counts as just ",[332,68011,52309],{},[20,68013,68014,68015,114],{},"If you want a broader explanation of the function itself, see ",[125,68016,3223,68017,3156],{"href":42013},[15,68018,42016],{},[60,68020,5438],{"id":5437},[20,68022,68023,68024,68026],{},"Create a list, pass it to ",[15,68025,42016],{},", and print the result.",[65,68028,68030],{"className":67,"code":68029,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncount = len(colors)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,68031,68032,68064,68078,68082],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,68033,68034,68036,68038,68040,68042,68044,68046,68048,68050,68052,68054,68056,68058,68060,68062],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,68035,12732],{"class":80},[74,68037,85],{"class":84},[74,68039,3271],{"class":106},[74,68041,122],{"class":88},[74,68043,12749],{"class":92},[74,68045,122],{"class":88},[74,68047,249],{"class":106},[74,68049,89],{"class":88},[74,68051,17110],{"class":92},[74,68053,122],{"class":88},[74,68055,249],{"class":106},[74,68057,89],{"class":88},[74,68059,12766],{"class":92},[74,68061,122],{"class":88},[74,68063,3284],{"class":106},[74,68065,68066,68068,68070,68072,68074,68076],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,68067,40898],{"class":80},[74,68069,85],{"class":84},[74,68071,38042],{"class":102},[74,68073,107],{"class":106},[74,68075,17157],{"class":110},[74,68077,260],{"class":106},[74,68079,68080],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,68081,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,68083,68084,68086,68088,68090],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,68085,103],{"class":102},[74,68087,107],{"class":106},[74,68089,117],{"class":110},[74,68091,260],{"class":106},[20,68093,157],{},[65,68095,68096],{"className":67,"code":168,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,68097,68098],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,68099,68100],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,68101,168],{"class":167},[20,68103,11341],{},[30,68105,68106,68111,68118],{},[33,68107,68108,68110],{},[15,68109,17157],{}," is a list with 3 items",[33,68112,68113,2039,68116],{},[15,68114,68115],{},"len(colors)",[15,68117,321],{},[33,68119,68120,68121],{},"That value is stored in ",[15,68122,117],{},[20,68124,68125],{},"You can also print the result directly:",[65,68127,68129],{"className":67,"code":68128,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,68130,68131,68163],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,68132,68133,68135,68137,68139,68141,68143,68145,68147,68149,68151,68153,68155,68157,68159,68161],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,68134,12732],{"class":80},[74,68136,85],{"class":84},[74,68138,3271],{"class":106},[74,68140,122],{"class":88},[74,68142,12749],{"class":92},[74,68144,122],{"class":88},[74,68146,249],{"class":106},[74,68148,89],{"class":88},[74,68150,17110],{"class":92},[74,68152,122],{"class":88},[74,68154,249],{"class":106},[74,68156,89],{"class":88},[74,68158,12766],{"class":92},[74,68160,122],{"class":88},[74,68162,3284],{"class":106},[74,68164,68165,68167,68169,68171,68173,68175],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,68166,103],{"class":102},[74,68168,107],{"class":106},[74,68170,10820],{"class":102},[74,68172,107],{"class":106},[74,68174,17157],{"class":110},[74,68176,130],{"class":106},[60,68178,68180],{"id":68179},"empty-list-example","Empty list example",[20,68182,68183,68184,114],{},"An empty list has no items, so its length is ",[15,68185,327],{},[65,68187,68189],{"className":67,"code":68188,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"items = []\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,68190,68191,68199],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,68192,68193,68195,68197],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,68194,7435],{"class":80},[74,68196,85],{"class":84},[74,68198,7495],{"class":106},[74,68200,68201,68203,68205,68207,68209,68211],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,68202,103],{"class":102},[74,68204,107],{"class":106},[74,68206,10820],{"class":102},[74,68208,107],{"class":106},[74,68210,7466],{"class":110},[74,68212,130],{"class":106},[20,68214,157],{},[65,68216,68217],{"className":67,"code":46904,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,68218,68219],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,68220,68221],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,68222,46904],{"class":167},[20,68224,68225],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a list has anything in it before using an index.",[65,68227,68229],{"className":67,"code":68228,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"items = []\n\nif len(items) > 0:\n    print(items[0])\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,68230,68231,68239,68243,68261,68275,68281],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,68232,68233,68235,68237],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,68234,7435],{"class":80},[74,68236,85],{"class":84},[74,68238,7495],{"class":106},[74,68240,68241],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,68242,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,68244,68245,68247,68249,68251,68253,68255,68257,68259],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,68246,6651],{"class":3529},[74,68248,38042],{"class":102},[74,68250,107],{"class":106},[74,68252,7466],{"class":110},[74,68254,3311],{"class":106},[74,68256,38052],{"class":84},[74,68258,3485],{"class":167},[74,68260,6046],{"class":106},[74,68262,68263,68265,68267,68269,68271,68273],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,68264,7726],{"class":102},[74,68266,107],{"class":106},[74,68268,7466],{"class":110},[74,68270,742],{"class":106},[74,68272,327],{"class":167},[74,68274,751],{"class":106},[74,68276,68277,68279],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,68278,27088],{"class":3529},[74,68280,6046],{"class":106},[74,68282,68283,68285,68287,68289,68291,68293],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,68284,7726],{"class":102},[74,68286,107],{"class":106},[74,68288,122],{"class":88},[74,68290,51468],{"class":92},[74,68292,122],{"class":88},[74,68294,260],{"class":106},[20,68296,157],{},[65,68298,68300],{"className":67,"code":68299,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"The list is empty\n",[15,68301,68302],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,68303,68304,68306,68308,68310],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,68305,1627],{"class":80},[74,68307,7751],{"class":1345},[74,68309,7754],{"class":84},[74,68311,7760],{"class":80},[20,68313,68314,68315,68317],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, ",[125,68316,52423],{"href":50631}," is a good next step.",[60,68319,68321],{"id":68320},"nested-lists","Nested lists",[20,68323,68324,68326,68327,68330],{},[15,68325,42016],{}," counts only the ",[332,68328,68329],{},"top-level items"," in a list.",[20,68332,68333],{},"A nested list counts as one item.",[65,68335,68337],{"className":67,"code":68336,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"data = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,68338,68339,68375],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,68340,68341,68343,68345,68347,68349,68351,68353,68355,68357,68359,68361,68363,68365,68367,68369,68371,68373],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,68342,8821],{"class":80},[74,68344,85],{"class":84},[74,68346,55946],{"class":106},[74,68348,2632],{"class":167},[74,68350,249],{"class":106},[74,68352,620],{"class":167},[74,68354,17717],{"class":106},[74,68356,3271],{"class":106},[74,68358,321],{"class":167},[74,68360,249],{"class":106},[74,68362,2100],{"class":167},[74,68364,17717],{"class":106},[74,68366,3271],{"class":106},[74,68368,711],{"class":167},[74,68370,249],{"class":106},[74,68372,37299],{"class":167},[74,68374,52894],{"class":106},[74,68376,68377,68379,68381,68383,68385,68387],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,68378,103],{"class":102},[74,68380,107],{"class":106},[74,68382,10820],{"class":102},[74,68384,107],{"class":106},[74,68386,8860],{"class":110},[74,68388,130],{"class":106},[20,68390,157],{},[65,68392,68393],{"className":67,"code":168,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,68394,68395],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,68396,68397],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,68398,168],{"class":167},[20,68400,68401],{},"Here, the list contains 3 items, and each item is itself a list.",[20,68403,51732],{},[65,68405,68407],{"className":67,"code":68406,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"mixed = [1, [2, 3], 4]\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,68408,68409,68435],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,68410,68411,68413,68415,68417,68419,68421,68423,68425,68427,68429,68431,68433],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,68412,59120],{"class":80},[74,68414,85],{"class":84},[74,68416,3271],{"class":106},[74,68418,2632],{"class":167},[74,68420,249],{"class":106},[74,68422,3271],{"class":106},[74,68424,687],{"class":167},[74,68426,249],{"class":106},[74,68428,2094],{"class":167},[74,68430,17717],{"class":106},[74,68432,2100],{"class":167},[74,68434,3284],{"class":106},[74,68436,68437,68439,68441,68443,68445,68447],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,68438,103],{"class":102},[74,68440,107],{"class":106},[74,68442,10820],{"class":102},[74,68444,107],{"class":106},[74,68446,59173],{"class":110},[74,68448,130],{"class":106},[20,68450,157],{},[65,68452,68453],{"className":67,"code":168,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,68454,68455],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,68456,68457],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,68458,168],{"class":167},[20,68460,20633,68461,68464],{},[15,68462,68463],{},"[2, 3]"," contains 2 values, it is still only one item in the outer list.",[60,68466,4170],{"id":4169},[262,68468,571,68470,10750,68473],{"id":68469},"using-my_listlen-instead-of-lenmy_list",[15,68471,68472],{},"my_list.len()",[15,68474,67918],{},[20,68476,68477],{},"This is a very common mistake.",[20,68479,16302],{},[65,68481,68483],{"className":67,"code":68482,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.len())\n",[15,68484,68485,68505],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,68486,68487,68489,68491,68493,68495,68497,68499,68501,68503],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,68488,3266],{"class":80},[74,68490,85],{"class":84},[74,68492,3271],{"class":106},[74,68494,1972],{"class":167},[74,68496,249],{"class":106},[74,68498,7446],{"class":167},[74,68500,249],{"class":106},[74,68502,7451],{"class":167},[74,68504,3284],{"class":106},[74,68506,68507,68509,68511,68513,68515,68517],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,68508,103],{"class":102},[74,68510,107],{"class":106},[74,68512,3298],{"class":110},[74,68514,114],{"class":106},[74,68516,10820],{"class":110},[74,68518,6848],{"class":106},[20,68520,16314],{},[65,68522,68524],{"className":67,"code":68523,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,68525,68526,68546],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,68527,68528,68530,68532,68534,68536,68538,68540,68542,68544],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,68529,3266],{"class":80},[74,68531,85],{"class":84},[74,68533,3271],{"class":106},[74,68535,1972],{"class":167},[74,68537,249],{"class":106},[74,68539,7446],{"class":167},[74,68541,249],{"class":106},[74,68543,7451],{"class":167},[74,68545,3284],{"class":106},[74,68547,68548,68550,68552,68554,68556,68558],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,68549,103],{"class":102},[74,68551,107],{"class":106},[74,68553,10820],{"class":102},[74,68555,107],{"class":106},[74,68557,3298],{"class":110},[74,68559,130],{"class":106},[20,68561,68562,68564],{},[15,68563,42016],{}," is a built-in function. It is not a list method.",[262,68566,25344],{"id":25343},[20,68568,16302],{},[65,68570,68572],{"className":67,"code":68571,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len)\n",[15,68573,68574,68594],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,68575,68576,68578,68580,68582,68584,68586,68588,68590,68592],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,68577,3266],{"class":80},[74,68579,85],{"class":84},[74,68581,3271],{"class":106},[74,68583,1972],{"class":167},[74,68585,249],{"class":106},[74,68587,7446],{"class":167},[74,68589,249],{"class":106},[74,68591,7451],{"class":167},[74,68593,3284],{"class":106},[74,68595,68596,68598,68600,68602],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,68597,103],{"class":102},[74,68599,107],{"class":106},[74,68601,10820],{"class":102},[74,68603,260],{"class":106},[20,68605,68606],{},"This prints the function itself, not the list length.",[20,68608,16314],{},[65,68610,68611],{"className":67,"code":68523,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,68612,68613,68633],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,68614,68615,68617,68619,68621,68623,68625,68627,68629,68631],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,68616,3266],{"class":80},[74,68618,85],{"class":84},[74,68620,3271],{"class":106},[74,68622,1972],{"class":167},[74,68624,249],{"class":106},[74,68626,7446],{"class":167},[74,68628,249],{"class":106},[74,68630,7451],{"class":167},[74,68632,3284],{"class":106},[74,68634,68635,68637,68639,68641,68643,68645],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,68636,103],{"class":102},[74,68638,107],{"class":106},[74,68640,10820],{"class":102},[74,68642,107],{"class":106},[74,68644,3298],{"class":110},[74,68646,130],{"class":106},[262,68648,68650],{"id":68649},"confusing-length-with-the-last-index","Confusing length with the last index",[20,68652,68653,68654,68656],{},"The length of a list is ",[332,68655,334],{}," the same as the last index.",[20,68658,506],{},[65,68660,68662],{"className":67,"code":68661,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(len(letters))\n",[15,68663,68664,68696],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,68665,68666,68668,68670,68672,68674,68676,68678,68680,68682,68684,68686,68688,68690,68692,68694],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,68667,35746],{"class":80},[74,68669,85],{"class":84},[74,68671,3271],{"class":106},[74,68673,122],{"class":88},[74,68675,125],{"class":92},[74,68677,122],{"class":88},[74,68679,249],{"class":106},[74,68681,89],{"class":88},[74,68683,4412],{"class":92},[74,68685,122],{"class":88},[74,68687,249],{"class":106},[74,68689,89],{"class":88},[74,68691,9396],{"class":92},[74,68693,122],{"class":88},[74,68695,3284],{"class":106},[74,68697,68698,68700,68702,68704,68706,68708],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,68699,103],{"class":102},[74,68701,107],{"class":106},[74,68703,10820],{"class":102},[74,68705,107],{"class":106},[74,68707,35799],{"class":110},[74,68709,130],{"class":106},[20,68711,157],{},[65,68713,68714],{"className":67,"code":168,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,68715,68716],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,68717,68718],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,68719,168],{"class":167},[20,68721,68722,68723,18618,68725,114],{},"But the last index is ",[15,68724,687],{},[15,68726,321],{},[20,68728,68729],{},"Indexes are:",[30,68731,68732,68739,68745],{},[33,68733,68734,68736,68737],{},[15,68735,327],{}," for ",[15,68738,215],{},[33,68740,68741,68736,68743],{},[15,68742,2632],{},[15,68744,65237],{},[33,68746,68747,68736,68749],{},[15,68748,687],{},[15,68750,66122],{},[20,68752,68753],{},"So this causes an error:",[65,68755,68757],{"className":67,"code":68756,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters)])\n",[15,68758,68759,68791],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,68760,68761,68763,68765,68767,68769,68771,68773,68775,68777,68779,68781,68783,68785,68787,68789],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,68762,35746],{"class":80},[74,68764,85],{"class":84},[74,68766,3271],{"class":106},[74,68768,122],{"class":88},[74,68770,125],{"class":92},[74,68772,122],{"class":88},[74,68774,249],{"class":106},[74,68776,89],{"class":88},[74,68778,4412],{"class":92},[74,68780,122],{"class":88},[74,68782,249],{"class":106},[74,68784,89],{"class":88},[74,68786,9396],{"class":92},[74,68788,122],{"class":88},[74,68790,3284],{"class":106},[74,68792,68793,68795,68797,68799,68801,68803,68805,68807],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,68794,103],{"class":102},[74,68796,107],{"class":106},[74,68798,35799],{"class":110},[74,68800,742],{"class":106},[74,68802,10820],{"class":102},[74,68804,107],{"class":106},[74,68806,35799],{"class":110},[74,68808,10337],{"class":106},[20,68810,8153,68811,4435,68814,68816,68817,68819],{},[15,68812,68813],{},"len(letters)",[15,68815,321],{},", and index ",[15,68818,321],{}," does not exist.",[20,68821,18495],{},[65,68823,68825],{"className":67,"code":68824,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters) - 1])\n",[15,68826,68827,68859],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,68828,68829,68831,68833,68835,68837,68839,68841,68843,68845,68847,68849,68851,68853,68855,68857],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,68830,35746],{"class":80},[74,68832,85],{"class":84},[74,68834,3271],{"class":106},[74,68836,122],{"class":88},[74,68838,125],{"class":92},[74,68840,122],{"class":88},[74,68842,249],{"class":106},[74,68844,89],{"class":88},[74,68846,4412],{"class":92},[74,68848,122],{"class":88},[74,68850,249],{"class":106},[74,68852,89],{"class":88},[74,68854,9396],{"class":92},[74,68856,122],{"class":88},[74,68858,3284],{"class":106},[74,68860,68861,68863,68865,68867,68869,68871,68873,68875,68877,68879,68881],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,68862,103],{"class":102},[74,68864,107],{"class":106},[74,68866,35799],{"class":110},[74,68868,742],{"class":106},[74,68870,10820],{"class":102},[74,68872,107],{"class":106},[74,68874,35799],{"class":110},[74,68876,3311],{"class":106},[74,68878,1864],{"class":84},[74,68880,5148],{"class":167},[74,68882,751],{"class":106},[20,68884,157],{},[65,68886,68888],{"className":67,"code":68887,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"c\n",[15,68889,68890],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,68891,68892],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,68893,68887],{"class":80},[20,68895,68896,68897,114],{},"If you see an index problem here, read ",[125,68898,68900],{"href":68899},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-list-index-out-of-range-fix-explained\u002F","IndexError: list index out of range",[262,68902,571,68904,68906],{"id":68903},"using-len-on-the-wrong-variable",[15,68905,42016],{}," on the wrong variable",[20,68908,68909],{},"Sometimes the code is correct, but the variable is not what you expect.",[20,68911,68912],{},"Use these debugging checks:",[65,68914,68916],{"className":67,"code":68915,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list[0])\n",[15,68917,68918,68928,68942,68956],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,68919,68920,68922,68924,68926],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,68921,103],{"class":102},[74,68923,107],{"class":106},[74,68925,7997],{"class":110},[74,68927,260],{"class":106},[74,68929,68930,68932,68934,68936,68938,68940],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,68931,103],{"class":102},[74,68933,107],{"class":106},[74,68935,10820],{"class":102},[74,68937,107],{"class":106},[74,68939,7997],{"class":110},[74,68941,130],{"class":106},[74,68943,68944,68946,68948,68950,68952,68954],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,68945,103],{"class":102},[74,68947,107],{"class":106},[74,68949,1346],{"class":1345},[74,68951,107],{"class":106},[74,68953,7997],{"class":110},[74,68955,130],{"class":106},[74,68957,68958,68960,68962,68964,68966,68968],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,68959,103],{"class":102},[74,68961,107],{"class":106},[74,68963,7997],{"class":110},[74,68965,742],{"class":106},[74,68967,327],{"class":167},[74,68969,751],{"class":106},[20,68971,68972],{},"These help you verify:",[30,68974,68975,68978,68980,68983],{},[33,68976,68977],{},"what the variable contains",[33,68979,60432],{},[33,68981,68982],{},"whether it is really a list",[33,68984,68985],{},"what the first item is",[20,68987,68988,68989,68992],{},"Be careful with ",[15,68990,68991],{},"print(my_list[0])"," if the list might be empty.",[60,68994,1260,68996,68998],{"id":68995},"when-to-use-len-with-lists",[15,68997,42016],{}," with lists",[20,69000,69001,69002,69004],{},"You will often use ",[15,69003,42016],{}," in real programs.",[20,69006,9030],{},[30,69008,69009,69011,69014,69017],{},[33,69010,51422],{},[33,69012,69013],{},"Control loops",[33,69015,69016],{},"Validate input or results",[33,69018,69019],{},"Compare the sizes of two lists",[20,69021,69022],{},"Example: comparing two lists",[65,69024,69026],{"className":67,"code":69025,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [10, 20]\n\nprint(len(a))\nprint(len(b))\nprint(len(a) > len(b))\n",[15,69027,69028,69048,69064,69068,69082,69096],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,69029,69030,69032,69034,69036,69038,69040,69042,69044,69046],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,69031,2198],{"class":80},[74,69033,85],{"class":84},[74,69035,3271],{"class":106},[74,69037,2632],{"class":167},[74,69039,249],{"class":106},[74,69041,620],{"class":167},[74,69043,249],{"class":106},[74,69045,2094],{"class":167},[74,69047,3284],{"class":106},[74,69049,69050,69052,69054,69056,69058,69060,69062],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,69051,2226],{"class":80},[74,69053,85],{"class":84},[74,69055,3271],{"class":106},[74,69057,1972],{"class":167},[74,69059,249],{"class":106},[74,69061,7446],{"class":167},[74,69063,3284],{"class":106},[74,69065,69066],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,69067,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,69069,69070,69072,69074,69076,69078,69080],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,69071,103],{"class":102},[74,69073,107],{"class":106},[74,69075,10820],{"class":102},[74,69077,107],{"class":106},[74,69079,125],{"class":110},[74,69081,130],{"class":106},[74,69083,69084,69086,69088,69090,69092,69094],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,69085,103],{"class":102},[74,69087,107],{"class":106},[74,69089,10820],{"class":102},[74,69091,107],{"class":106},[74,69093,4412],{"class":110},[74,69095,130],{"class":106},[74,69097,69098,69100,69102,69104,69106,69108,69110,69112,69114,69116,69118],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,69099,103],{"class":102},[74,69101,107],{"class":106},[74,69103,10820],{"class":102},[74,69105,107],{"class":106},[74,69107,125],{"class":110},[74,69109,3311],{"class":106},[74,69111,38052],{"class":84},[74,69113,38042],{"class":102},[74,69115,107],{"class":106},[74,69117,4412],{"class":110},[74,69119,130],{"class":106},[20,69121,157],{},[65,69123,69125],{"className":67,"code":69124,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"3\n2\nTrue\n",[15,69126,69127,69131,69135],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,69128,69129],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,69130,168],{"class":167},[74,69132,69133],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,69134,173],{"class":167},[74,69136,69137],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,69138,3631],{"class":3504},[20,69140,69141],{},"Example: using length in a loop",[65,69143,69145],{"className":67,"code":69144,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(names)):\n    print(i, names[i])\n",[15,69146,69147,69179,69183,69205],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,69148,69149,69151,69153,69155,69157,69159,69161,69163,69165,69167,69169,69171,69173,69175,69177],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,69150,4646],{"class":80},[74,69152,85],{"class":84},[74,69154,3271],{"class":106},[74,69156,122],{"class":88},[74,69158,12539],{"class":92},[74,69160,122],{"class":88},[74,69162,249],{"class":106},[74,69164,89],{"class":88},[74,69166,35598],{"class":92},[74,69168,122],{"class":88},[74,69170,249],{"class":106},[74,69172,89],{"class":88},[74,69174,35607],{"class":92},[74,69176,122],{"class":88},[74,69178,3284],{"class":106},[74,69180,69181],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,69182,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,69184,69185,69187,69190,69192,69194,69196,69198,69200,69202],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,69186,5609],{"class":3529},[74,69188,69189],{"class":80}," i ",[74,69191,351],{"class":3529},[74,69193,53722],{"class":102},[74,69195,107],{"class":106},[74,69197,10820],{"class":102},[74,69199,107],{"class":106},[74,69201,4690],{"class":110},[74,69203,69204],{"class":106},")):\n",[74,69206,69207,69209,69211,69213,69215,69218,69220,69222],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,69208,7726],{"class":102},[74,69210,107],{"class":106},[74,69212,35810],{"class":110},[74,69214,249],{"class":106},[74,69216,69217],{"class":110}," names",[74,69219,742],{"class":106},[74,69221,35810],{"class":110},[74,69223,751],{"class":106},[20,69225,157],{},[65,69227,69228],{"className":67,"code":35656,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,69229,69230,69236,69242],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,69231,69232,69234],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,69233,327],{"class":167},[74,69235,35665],{"class":80},[74,69237,69238,69240],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,69239,2632],{"class":167},[74,69241,35672],{"class":80},[74,69243,69244,69246],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,69245,687],{"class":167},[74,69247,35679],{"class":80},[20,69249,69250,69251,114],{},"This works, but if you want to practice looping through lists more safely and clearly, see ",[125,69252,69254],{"href":69253},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to loop through a list in Python",[20,69256,69257,69258,69260],{},"You can also read ",[125,69259,51199],{"href":51198}," for a task-focused guide.",[60,69262,1471],{"id":1470},[262,69264,69266],{"id":69265},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python","How do I get the length of a list in Python?",[20,69268,176,69269,69272],{},[15,69270,69271],{},"len(your_list)",". It returns the number of items in the list.",[262,69274,1495,69276,12374],{"id":69275},"what-does-len-return",[15,69277,69278],{},"len([])",[20,69280,1501,69281,69283],{},[15,69282,327],{}," because the list is empty.",[262,69285,69287],{"id":69286},"is-the-list-length-the-same-as-the-last-index","Is the list length the same as the last index?",[20,69289,69290],{},"No. The last index is one less than the length.",[262,69292,27983,69294,69296],{"id":69293},"can-i-use-my_listlen-in-python",[15,69295,68472],{}," in Python?",[20,69298,29926,69299,7880,69301,69303],{},[15,69300,67918],{},[15,69302,42016],{}," is a built-in function.",[60,69305,1527],{"id":1526},[30,69307,69308,69314,69318,69322,69326],{},[33,69309,69310],{},[125,69311,3223,69312,3156],{"href":42013},[15,69313,42016],{},[33,69315,69316],{},[125,69317,52243],{"href":51198},[33,69319,69320],{},[125,69321,52423],{"href":50631},[33,69323,69324],{},[125,69325,68900],{"href":68899},[33,69327,69328],{},[125,69329,69330],{"href":69253},"How to loop through a list in Python",[1566,69332,69333],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":70,"searchDepth":99,"depth":99,"links":69335},[69336,69337,69339,69340,69341,69342,69350,69352,69360],{"id":14819,"depth":99,"text":14820},{"id":67910,"depth":99,"text":69338},"What len() returns for a list",{"id":5437,"depth":99,"text":5438},{"id":68179,"depth":99,"text":68180},{"id":68320,"depth":99,"text":68321},{"id":4169,"depth":99,"text":4170,"children":69343},[69344,69346,69347,69348],{"id":68469,"depth":133,"text":69345},"Using my_list.len() instead of len(my_list)",{"id":25343,"depth":133,"text":25344},{"id":68649,"depth":133,"text":68650},{"id":68903,"depth":133,"text":69349},"Using len() on the wrong variable",{"id":68995,"depth":99,"text":69351},"When to use len() with lists",{"id":1470,"depth":99,"text":1471,"children":69353},[69354,69355,69357,69358],{"id":69265,"depth":133,"text":69266},{"id":69275,"depth":133,"text":69356},"What does len([]) return?",{"id":69286,"depth":133,"text":69287},{"id":69293,"depth":133,"text":69359},"Can I use my_list.len() in Python?",{"id":1526,"depth":99,"text":1527},"Master python list length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":67805,"description":69361},"reference\u002Fpython-list-length-len","rGvdzxYi-qjWScdxkRoGgEetqY15UkNJ5EhQHJLekL8",{"id":69367,"title":69368,"body":69369,"description":71350,"extension":1610,"meta":71351,"navigation":407,"path":71352,"seo":71353,"stem":71354,"__hash__":71355},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method.md","Python List pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":69370,"toc":71323},[69371,69374,69379,69382,69390,69403,69405,69470,69472,69494,69499,69503,69508,69516,69518,69528,69530,69611,69613,69643,69645,69664,69669,69686,69688,69772,69774,69804,69809,69813,69819,69903,69905,69935,69938,69942,69945,70036,70038,70076,70079,70164,70166,70196,70202,70209,70213,70218,70227,70229,70314,70316,70345,70348,70356,70360,70364,70373,70396,70398,70420,70422,70436,70438,70498,70502,70507,70546,70548,70565,70567,70577,70675,70680,70684,70689,70732,70734,70762,70764,70778,70853,70855,70877,70881,70884,70889,70900,70905,70913,70916,70987,70989,71014,71071,71073,71094,71103,71111,71116,71118,71123,71144,71147,71222,71225,71239,71246,71248,71252,71258,71262,71272,71276,71283,71287,71293,71295,71320],[10,69372,69368],{"id":69373},"python-list-pop-method",[20,69375,69376,69378],{},[15,69377,54734],{}," removes an item from a list and returns it.",[20,69380,69381],{},"This method is useful when you want to both:",[30,69383,69384,69387],{},[33,69385,69386],{},"delete an item from a list",[33,69388,69389],{},"keep the removed value for later use",[20,69391,69392,69393,69395,69396,1126,69398,69402],{},"If you do not pass an index, ",[15,69394,12421],{}," removes the last item. Beginners often confuse ",[15,69397,12421],{},[125,69399,69400],{"href":54724},[15,69401,55181],{},", or expect it to create a new list instead of changing the original one.",[60,69404,63],{"id":62},[65,69406,69408],{"className":67,"code":69407,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nlast_item = numbers.pop()\n\nprint(last_item)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,69409,69410,69430,69445,69449,69460],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,69411,69412,69414,69416,69418,69420,69422,69424,69426,69428],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,69413,3266],{"class":80},[74,69415,85],{"class":84},[74,69417,3271],{"class":106},[74,69419,1972],{"class":167},[74,69421,249],{"class":106},[74,69423,7446],{"class":167},[74,69425,249],{"class":106},[74,69427,7451],{"class":167},[74,69429,3284],{"class":106},[74,69431,69432,69435,69437,69439,69441,69443],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,69433,69434],{"class":80},"last_item ",[74,69436,85],{"class":84},[74,69438,3914],{"class":80},[74,69440,114],{"class":106},[74,69442,25895],{"class":110},[74,69444,8299],{"class":106},[74,69446,69447],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,69448,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,69450,69451,69453,69455,69458],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,69452,103],{"class":102},[74,69454,107],{"class":106},[74,69456,69457],{"class":110},"last_item",[74,69459,260],{"class":106},[74,69461,69462,69464,69466,69468],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,69463,103],{"class":102},[74,69465,107],{"class":106},[74,69467,3298],{"class":110},[74,69469,260],{"class":106},[20,69471,157],{},[65,69473,69475],{"className":67,"code":69474,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"30\n[10, 20]\n",[15,69476,69477,69482],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,69478,69479],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,69480,69481],{"class":167},"30\n",[74,69483,69484,69486,69488,69490,69492],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,69485,742],{"class":106},[74,69487,1972],{"class":167},[74,69489,249],{"class":106},[74,69491,7446],{"class":167},[74,69493,3284],{"class":106},[20,69495,176,69496,69498],{},[15,69497,12421],{}," to remove and return an item from a list. With no argument, it removes the last item.",[60,69500,69502],{"id":69501},"what-pop-does","What pop() does",[20,69504,69505,69507],{},[15,69506,12421],{}," has two main jobs:",[30,69509,69510,69513],{},[33,69511,69512],{},"It removes one item from a list",[33,69514,69515],{},"It returns the item that was removed",[20,69517,43305],{},[30,69519,69520,69523,69526],{},[33,69521,69522],{},"If no index is given, it removes the last item",[33,69524,69525],{},"It changes the original list",[33,69527,52397],{},[20,69529,506],{},[65,69531,69533],{"className":67,"code":69532,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nremoved = colors.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,69534,69535,69567,69571,69586,69590,69601],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,69536,69537,69539,69541,69543,69545,69547,69549,69551,69553,69555,69557,69559,69561,69563,69565],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,69538,12732],{"class":80},[74,69540,85],{"class":84},[74,69542,3271],{"class":106},[74,69544,122],{"class":88},[74,69546,12749],{"class":92},[74,69548,122],{"class":88},[74,69550,249],{"class":106},[74,69552,89],{"class":88},[74,69554,17110],{"class":92},[74,69556,122],{"class":88},[74,69558,249],{"class":106},[74,69560,89],{"class":88},[74,69562,12766],{"class":92},[74,69564,122],{"class":88},[74,69566,3284],{"class":106},[74,69568,69569],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,69570,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,69572,69573,69576,69578,69580,69582,69584],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,69574,69575],{"class":80},"removed ",[74,69577,85],{"class":84},[74,69579,12780],{"class":80},[74,69581,114],{"class":106},[74,69583,25895],{"class":110},[74,69585,8299],{"class":106},[74,69587,69588],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,69589,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,69591,69592,69594,69596,69599],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,69593,103],{"class":102},[74,69595,107],{"class":106},[74,69597,69598],{"class":110},"removed",[74,69600,260],{"class":106},[74,69602,69603,69605,69607,69609],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,69604,103],{"class":102},[74,69606,107],{"class":106},[74,69608,17157],{"class":110},[74,69610,260],{"class":106},[20,69612,157],{},[65,69614,69616],{"className":67,"code":69615,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"blue\n['red', 'green']\n",[15,69617,69618,69623],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,69619,69620],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,69621,69622],{"class":80},"blue\n",[74,69624,69625,69627,69629,69631,69633,69635,69637,69639,69641],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,69626,742],{"class":106},[74,69628,2946],{"class":88},[74,69630,12749],{"class":92},[74,69632,2946],{"class":88},[74,69634,249],{"class":106},[74,69636,2941],{"class":88},[74,69638,17110],{"class":92},[74,69640,2946],{"class":88},[74,69642,3284],{"class":106},[60,69644,227],{"id":226},[65,69646,69648],{"className":67,"code":69647,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"list.pop([index])\n",[15,69649,69650],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,69651,69652,69654,69656,69658,69660,69662],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,69653,7751],{"class":1345},[74,69655,114],{"class":106},[74,69657,25895],{"class":110},[74,69659,2629],{"class":106},[74,69661,35503],{"class":110},[74,69663,751],{"class":106},[20,69665,1627,69666,69668],{},[15,69667,35503],{}," is optional.",[30,69670,69671,69677,69683],{},[33,69672,69673,69674,69676],{},"If you do not give an index, ",[15,69675,12421],{}," removes the last item",[33,69678,69679,69680,69682],{},"If you give an index, ",[15,69681,12421],{}," removes the item at that position",[33,69684,69685],{},"You can store the result in a variable",[20,69687,506],{},[65,69689,69691],{"className":67,"code":69690,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nitem = letters.pop(1)\n\nprint(item)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,69692,69693,69725,69729,69748,69752,69762],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,69694,69695,69697,69699,69701,69703,69705,69707,69709,69711,69713,69715,69717,69719,69721,69723],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,69696,35746],{"class":80},[74,69698,85],{"class":84},[74,69700,3271],{"class":106},[74,69702,122],{"class":88},[74,69704,125],{"class":92},[74,69706,122],{"class":88},[74,69708,249],{"class":106},[74,69710,89],{"class":88},[74,69712,4412],{"class":92},[74,69714,122],{"class":88},[74,69716,249],{"class":106},[74,69718,89],{"class":88},[74,69720,9396],{"class":92},[74,69722,122],{"class":88},[74,69724,3284],{"class":106},[74,69726,69727],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,69728,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,69730,69731,69733,69735,69738,69740,69742,69744,69746],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,69732,28193],{"class":80},[74,69734,85],{"class":84},[74,69736,69737],{"class":80}," letters",[74,69739,114],{"class":106},[74,69741,25895],{"class":110},[74,69743,107],{"class":106},[74,69745,2632],{"class":167},[74,69747,260],{"class":106},[74,69749,69750],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,69751,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,69753,69754,69756,69758,69760],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,69755,103],{"class":102},[74,69757,107],{"class":106},[74,69759,22966],{"class":110},[74,69761,260],{"class":106},[74,69763,69764,69766,69768,69770],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,69765,103],{"class":102},[74,69767,107],{"class":106},[74,69769,35799],{"class":110},[74,69771,260],{"class":106},[20,69773,157],{},[65,69775,69777],{"className":67,"code":69776,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"b\n['a', 'c']\n",[15,69778,69779,69784],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,69780,69781],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,69782,69783],{"class":80},"b\n",[74,69785,69786,69788,69790,69792,69794,69796,69798,69800,69802],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,69787,742],{"class":106},[74,69789,2946],{"class":88},[74,69791,125],{"class":92},[74,69793,2946],{"class":88},[74,69795,249],{"class":106},[74,69797,2941],{"class":88},[74,69799,9396],{"class":92},[74,69801,2946],{"class":88},[74,69803,3284],{"class":106},[20,69805,69806,69807,114],{},"If you are new to list positions, see ",[125,69808,52423],{"href":50631},[60,69810,69812],{"id":69811},"using-pop-without-an-index","Using pop() without an index",[20,69814,69815,69816,69818],{},"When you call ",[15,69817,12421],{}," with no argument, Python removes the last item in the list.",[65,69820,69822],{"className":67,"code":69821,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"tasks = [\"write\", \"test\", \"submit\"]\n\nlast_task = tasks.pop()\n\nprint(last_task)\nprint(tasks)\n",[15,69823,69824,69859,69863,69878,69882,69893],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,69825,69826,69828,69830,69832,69834,69837,69839,69841,69843,69846,69848,69850,69852,69855,69857],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,69827,29553],{"class":80},[74,69829,85],{"class":84},[74,69831,3271],{"class":106},[74,69833,122],{"class":88},[74,69835,69836],{"class":92},"write",[74,69838,122],{"class":88},[74,69840,249],{"class":106},[74,69842,89],{"class":88},[74,69844,69845],{"class":92},"test",[74,69847,122],{"class":88},[74,69849,249],{"class":106},[74,69851,89],{"class":88},[74,69853,69854],{"class":92},"submit",[74,69856,122],{"class":88},[74,69858,3284],{"class":106},[74,69860,69861],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,69862,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,69864,69865,69868,69870,69872,69874,69876],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,69866,69867],{"class":80},"last_task ",[74,69869,85],{"class":84},[74,69871,29631],{"class":80},[74,69873,114],{"class":106},[74,69875,25895],{"class":110},[74,69877,8299],{"class":106},[74,69879,69880],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,69881,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,69883,69884,69886,69888,69891],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,69885,103],{"class":102},[74,69887,107],{"class":106},[74,69889,69890],{"class":110},"last_task",[74,69892,260],{"class":106},[74,69894,69895,69897,69899,69901],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,69896,103],{"class":102},[74,69898,107],{"class":106},[74,69900,36162],{"class":110},[74,69902,260],{"class":106},[20,69904,157],{},[65,69906,69908],{"className":67,"code":69907,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"submit\n['write', 'test']\n",[15,69909,69910,69915],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,69911,69912],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,69913,69914],{"class":80},"submit\n",[74,69916,69917,69919,69921,69923,69925,69927,69929,69931,69933],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,69918,742],{"class":106},[74,69920,2946],{"class":88},[74,69922,69836],{"class":92},[74,69924,2946],{"class":88},[74,69926,249],{"class":106},[74,69928,2941],{"class":88},[74,69930,69845],{"class":92},[74,69932,2946],{"class":88},[74,69934,3284],{"class":106},[20,69936,69937],{},"This is useful when using a list like a stack, where the last item added is the first item removed.",[60,69939,69941],{"id":69940},"using-pop-with-an-index","Using pop() with an index",[20,69943,69944],{},"You can pass an integer index to remove an item at a specific position.",[65,69946,69948],{"className":67,"code":69947,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\", \"orange\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,69949,69950,69990,69994,70012,70016,70026],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,69951,69952,69954,69956,69958,69960,69962,69964,69966,69968,69970,69972,69974,69976,69978,69980,69982,69984,69986,69988],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,69953,35895],{"class":80},[74,69955,85],{"class":84},[74,69957,3271],{"class":106},[74,69959,122],{"class":88},[74,69961,376],{"class":92},[74,69963,122],{"class":88},[74,69965,249],{"class":106},[74,69967,89],{"class":88},[74,69969,93],{"class":92},[74,69971,122],{"class":88},[74,69973,249],{"class":106},[74,69975,89],{"class":88},[74,69977,3747],{"class":92},[74,69979,122],{"class":88},[74,69981,249],{"class":106},[74,69983,89],{"class":88},[74,69985,32878],{"class":92},[74,69987,122],{"class":88},[74,69989,3284],{"class":106},[74,69991,69992],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,69993,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,69995,69996,69998,70000,70002,70004,70006,70008,70010],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,69997,69575],{"class":80},[74,69999,85],{"class":84},[74,70001,52503],{"class":80},[74,70003,114],{"class":106},[74,70005,25895],{"class":110},[74,70007,107],{"class":106},[74,70009,2632],{"class":167},[74,70011,260],{"class":106},[74,70013,70014],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,70015,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,70017,70018,70020,70022,70024],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,70019,103],{"class":102},[74,70021,107],{"class":106},[74,70023,69598],{"class":110},[74,70025,260],{"class":106},[74,70027,70028,70030,70032,70034],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,70029,103],{"class":102},[74,70031,107],{"class":106},[74,70033,35947],{"class":110},[74,70035,260],{"class":106},[20,70037,157],{},[65,70039,70041],{"className":67,"code":70040,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"banana\n['apple', 'cherry', 'orange']\n",[15,70042,70043,70048],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,70044,70045],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,70046,70047],{"class":80},"banana\n",[74,70049,70050,70052,70054,70056,70058,70060,70062,70064,70066,70068,70070,70072,70074],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,70051,742],{"class":106},[74,70053,2946],{"class":88},[74,70055,376],{"class":92},[74,70057,2946],{"class":88},[74,70059,249],{"class":106},[74,70061,2941],{"class":88},[74,70063,3747],{"class":92},[74,70065,2946],{"class":88},[74,70067,249],{"class":106},[74,70069,2941],{"class":88},[74,70071,32878],{"class":92},[74,70073,2946],{"class":88},[74,70075,3284],{"class":106},[20,70077,70078],{},"You can also use negative indexes:",[65,70080,70082],{"className":67,"code":70081,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(-1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,70083,70084,70116,70120,70140,70144,70154],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,70085,70086,70088,70090,70092,70094,70096,70098,70100,70102,70104,70106,70108,70110,70112,70114],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,70087,35895],{"class":80},[74,70089,85],{"class":84},[74,70091,3271],{"class":106},[74,70093,122],{"class":88},[74,70095,376],{"class":92},[74,70097,122],{"class":88},[74,70099,249],{"class":106},[74,70101,89],{"class":88},[74,70103,93],{"class":92},[74,70105,122],{"class":88},[74,70107,249],{"class":106},[74,70109,89],{"class":88},[74,70111,3747],{"class":92},[74,70113,122],{"class":88},[74,70115,3284],{"class":106},[74,70117,70118],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,70119,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,70121,70122,70124,70126,70128,70130,70132,70134,70136,70138],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,70123,69575],{"class":80},[74,70125,85],{"class":84},[74,70127,52503],{"class":80},[74,70129,114],{"class":106},[74,70131,25895],{"class":110},[74,70133,107],{"class":106},[74,70135,1669],{"class":84},[74,70137,2632],{"class":167},[74,70139,260],{"class":106},[74,70141,70142],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,70143,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,70145,70146,70148,70150,70152],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,70147,103],{"class":102},[74,70149,107],{"class":106},[74,70151,69598],{"class":110},[74,70153,260],{"class":106},[74,70155,70156,70158,70160,70162],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,70157,103],{"class":102},[74,70159,107],{"class":106},[74,70161,35947],{"class":110},[74,70163,260],{"class":106},[20,70165,157],{},[65,70167,70169],{"className":67,"code":70168,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"cherry\n['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,70170,70171,70176],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,70172,70173],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,70174,70175],{"class":80},"cherry\n",[74,70177,70178,70180,70182,70184,70186,70188,70190,70192,70194],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,70179,742],{"class":106},[74,70181,2946],{"class":88},[74,70183,376],{"class":92},[74,70185,2946],{"class":88},[74,70187,249],{"class":106},[74,70189,2941],{"class":88},[74,70191,93],{"class":92},[74,70193,2946],{"class":88},[74,70195,3284],{"class":106},[20,70197,70198,70199,70201],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. So ",[15,70200,65496],{}," means the last item.",[20,70203,70204,70205,114],{},"If you need to find a position before removing it, see the ",[125,70206,70207,10399],{"href":58614},[15,70208,64511],{},[60,70210,70212],{"id":70211},"what-pop-returns","What pop() returns",[20,70214,70215,70217],{},[15,70216,12421],{}," returns the item that was removed.",[20,70219,70220,70221,51,70223,114],{},"This is one of the biggest differences between ",[15,70222,12421],{},[125,70224,70225],{"href":54724},[15,70226,55181],{},[20,70228,506],{},[65,70230,70232],{"className":67,"code":70231,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nremoved_name = names.pop(0)\n\nprint(removed_name)\nprint(names)\n",[15,70233,70234,70266,70270,70289,70293,70304],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,70235,70236,70238,70240,70242,70244,70246,70248,70250,70252,70254,70256,70258,70260,70262,70264],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,70237,4646],{"class":80},[74,70239,85],{"class":84},[74,70241,3271],{"class":106},[74,70243,122],{"class":88},[74,70245,12539],{"class":92},[74,70247,122],{"class":88},[74,70249,249],{"class":106},[74,70251,89],{"class":88},[74,70253,35598],{"class":92},[74,70255,122],{"class":88},[74,70257,249],{"class":106},[74,70259,89],{"class":88},[74,70261,35607],{"class":92},[74,70263,122],{"class":88},[74,70265,3284],{"class":106},[74,70267,70268],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,70269,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,70271,70272,70275,70277,70279,70281,70283,70285,70287],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,70273,70274],{"class":80},"removed_name ",[74,70276,85],{"class":84},[74,70278,69217],{"class":80},[74,70280,114],{"class":106},[74,70282,25895],{"class":110},[74,70284,107],{"class":106},[74,70286,327],{"class":167},[74,70288,260],{"class":106},[74,70290,70291],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,70292,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,70294,70295,70297,70299,70302],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,70296,103],{"class":102},[74,70298,107],{"class":106},[74,70300,70301],{"class":110},"removed_name",[74,70303,260],{"class":106},[74,70305,70306,70308,70310,70312],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,70307,103],{"class":102},[74,70309,107],{"class":106},[74,70311,4690],{"class":110},[74,70313,260],{"class":106},[20,70315,157],{},[65,70317,70319],{"className":67,"code":70318,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"Ana\n['Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,70320,70321,70325],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,70322,70323],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,70324,49692],{"class":80},[74,70326,70327,70329,70331,70333,70335,70337,70339,70341,70343],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,70328,742],{"class":106},[74,70330,2946],{"class":88},[74,70332,35598],{"class":92},[74,70334,2946],{"class":88},[74,70336,249],{"class":106},[74,70338,2941],{"class":88},[74,70340,35607],{"class":92},[74,70342,2946],{"class":88},[74,70344,3284],{"class":106},[20,70346,70347],{},"This is useful when you need the removed value after taking it out of the list.",[20,70349,70350,70351,70353,70354,114],{},"By comparison, ",[15,70352,55181],{}," deletes by value and returns ",[15,70355,3429],{},[60,70357,70359],{"id":70358},"common-errors-and-edge-cases","Common errors and edge cases",[262,70361,70363],{"id":70362},"popping-from-an-empty-list","Popping from an empty list",[20,70365,70366,70367,70369,70370,114],{},"If the list is empty, ",[15,70368,12421],{}," raises an ",[15,70371,70372],{},"IndexError",[65,70374,70376],{"className":67,"code":70375,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"items = []\nitems.pop()\n",[15,70377,70378,70386],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,70379,70380,70382,70384],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,70381,7435],{"class":80},[74,70383,85],{"class":84},[74,70385,7495],{"class":106},[74,70387,70388,70390,70392,70394],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,70389,7466],{"class":80},[74,70391,114],{"class":106},[74,70393,25895],{"class":110},[74,70395,8299],{"class":106},[20,70397,157],{},[65,70399,70401],{"className":67,"code":70400,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"IndexError: pop from empty list\n",[15,70402,70403],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,70404,70405,70407,70409,70412,70415,70418],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,70406,70372],{"class":1345},[74,70408,679],{"class":106},[74,70410,70411],{"class":80}," pop ",[74,70413,70414],{"class":3529},"from",[74,70416,70417],{"class":80}," empty ",[74,70419,49538],{"class":1345},[20,70421,38918],{},[30,70423,70424,70429],{},[33,70425,70426,70427],{},"Check that the list is not empty before calling ",[15,70428,12421],{},[33,70430,70431,70432,51,70434],{},"Or handle the error with ",[15,70433,29459],{},[15,70435,29490],{},[20,70437,506],{},[65,70439,70441],{"className":67,"code":70440,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"items = []\n\nif items:\n    print(items.pop())\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty.\")\n",[15,70442,70443,70451,70455,70463,70477,70483],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,70444,70445,70447,70449],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,70446,7435],{"class":80},[74,70448,85],{"class":84},[74,70450,7495],{"class":106},[74,70452,70453],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,70454,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,70456,70457,70459,70461],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,70458,6651],{"class":3529},[74,70460,5617],{"class":80},[74,70462,6046],{"class":106},[74,70464,70465,70467,70469,70471,70473,70475],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,70466,7726],{"class":102},[74,70468,107],{"class":106},[74,70470,7466],{"class":110},[74,70472,114],{"class":106},[74,70474,25895],{"class":110},[74,70476,6848],{"class":106},[74,70478,70479,70481],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,70480,27088],{"class":3529},[74,70482,6046],{"class":106},[74,70484,70485,70487,70489,70491,70494,70496],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,70486,7726],{"class":102},[74,70488,107],{"class":106},[74,70490,122],{"class":88},[74,70492,70493],{"class":92},"The list is empty.",[74,70495,122],{"class":88},[74,70497,260],{"class":106},[262,70499,70501],{"id":70500},"using-an-index-that-does-not-exist","Using an index that does not exist",[20,70503,70504,70505,114],{},"If the index is outside the valid range, Python raises an ",[15,70506,70372],{},[65,70508,70510],{"className":67,"code":70509,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(5)\n",[15,70511,70512,70532],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,70513,70514,70516,70518,70520,70522,70524,70526,70528,70530],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,70515,3266],{"class":80},[74,70517,85],{"class":84},[74,70519,3271],{"class":106},[74,70521,1972],{"class":167},[74,70523,249],{"class":106},[74,70525,7446],{"class":167},[74,70527,249],{"class":106},[74,70529,7451],{"class":167},[74,70531,3284],{"class":106},[74,70533,70534,70536,70538,70540,70542,70544],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,70535,3298],{"class":80},[74,70537,114],{"class":106},[74,70539,25895],{"class":110},[74,70541,107],{"class":106},[74,70543,711],{"class":167},[74,70545,260],{"class":106},[20,70547,157],{},[65,70549,70551],{"className":67,"code":70550,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"IndexError: pop index out of range\n",[15,70552,70553],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,70554,70555,70557,70559,70562],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,70556,70372],{"class":1345},[74,70558,679],{"class":106},[74,70560,70561],{"class":80}," pop index out of ",[74,70563,70564],{"class":102},"range\n",[20,70566,38918],{},[30,70568,70569,70574],{},[33,70570,70571,70572],{},"Check the list length with ",[15,70573,42016],{},[33,70575,70576],{},"Make sure the index is valid before removing",[65,70578,70580],{"className":67,"code":70579,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = 2\n\nif 0 \u003C= index \u003C len(numbers):\n    print(numbers.pop(index))\nelse:\n    print(\"Index is out of range.\")\n",[15,70581,70582,70602,70610,70614,70636,70654,70660],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,70583,70584,70586,70588,70590,70592,70594,70596,70598,70600],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,70585,3266],{"class":80},[74,70587,85],{"class":84},[74,70589,3271],{"class":106},[74,70591,1972],{"class":167},[74,70593,249],{"class":106},[74,70595,7446],{"class":167},[74,70597,249],{"class":106},[74,70599,7451],{"class":167},[74,70601,3284],{"class":106},[74,70603,70604,70606,70608],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,70605,684],{"class":80},[74,70607,85],{"class":84},[74,70609,45243],{"class":167},[74,70611,70612],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,70613,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,70615,70616,70618,70620,70623,70626,70628,70630,70632,70634],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,70617,6651],{"class":3529},[74,70619,3485],{"class":167},[74,70621,70622],{"class":84}," \u003C=",[74,70624,70625],{"class":80}," index ",[74,70627,2935],{"class":84},[74,70629,38042],{"class":102},[74,70631,107],{"class":106},[74,70633,3298],{"class":110},[74,70635,8000],{"class":106},[74,70637,70638,70640,70642,70644,70646,70648,70650,70652],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,70639,7726],{"class":102},[74,70641,107],{"class":106},[74,70643,3298],{"class":110},[74,70645,114],{"class":106},[74,70647,25895],{"class":110},[74,70649,107],{"class":106},[74,70651,35503],{"class":110},[74,70653,130],{"class":106},[74,70655,70656,70658],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,70657,27088],{"class":3529},[74,70659,6046],{"class":106},[74,70661,70662,70664,70666,70668,70671,70673],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,70663,7726],{"class":102},[74,70665,107],{"class":106},[74,70667,122],{"class":88},[74,70669,70670],{"class":92},"Index is out of range.",[74,70672,122],{"class":88},[74,70674,260],{"class":106},[20,70676,70677,70678,114],{},"For more help with this kind of problem, see ",[125,70679,68900],{"href":68899},[262,70681,70683],{"id":70682},"passing-a-non-integer-index","Passing a non-integer index",[20,70685,70686,70688],{},[15,70687,12421],{}," expects an integer index.",[65,70690,70692],{"className":67,"code":70691,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(\"1\")\n",[15,70693,70694,70714],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,70695,70696,70698,70700,70702,70704,70706,70708,70710,70712],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,70697,3266],{"class":80},[74,70699,85],{"class":84},[74,70701,3271],{"class":106},[74,70703,1972],{"class":167},[74,70705,249],{"class":106},[74,70707,7446],{"class":167},[74,70709,249],{"class":106},[74,70711,7451],{"class":167},[74,70713,3284],{"class":106},[74,70715,70716,70718,70720,70722,70724,70726,70728,70730],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,70717,3298],{"class":80},[74,70719,114],{"class":106},[74,70721,25895],{"class":110},[74,70723,107],{"class":106},[74,70725,122],{"class":88},[74,70727,2632],{"class":92},[74,70729,122],{"class":88},[74,70731,260],{"class":106},[20,70733,157],{},[65,70735,70737],{"className":67,"code":70736,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"TypeError: 'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer\n",[15,70738,70739],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,70740,70741,70743,70745,70747,70749,70751,70753,70756,70759],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,70742,2649],{"class":1345},[74,70744,679],{"class":106},[74,70746,2941],{"class":88},[74,70748,3090],{"class":92},[74,70750,2946],{"class":88},[74,70752,24273],{"class":1345},[74,70754,70755],{"class":80}," cannot be interpreted ",[74,70757,70758],{"class":3529},"as",[74,70760,70761],{"class":80}," an integer\n",[20,70763,38918],{},[30,70765,70766,70775],{},[33,70767,70768,70769,220,70771,1835,70773],{},"Pass an integer such as ",[15,70770,327],{},[15,70772,2632],{},[15,70774,65496],{},[33,70776,70777],{},"If the value comes from input, convert it first",[65,70779,70781],{"className":67,"code":70780,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = int(\"1\")\n\nprint(numbers.pop(index))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,70782,70783,70803,70821,70825,70843],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,70784,70785,70787,70789,70791,70793,70795,70797,70799,70801],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,70786,3266],{"class":80},[74,70788,85],{"class":84},[74,70790,3271],{"class":106},[74,70792,1972],{"class":167},[74,70794,249],{"class":106},[74,70796,7446],{"class":167},[74,70798,249],{"class":106},[74,70800,7451],{"class":167},[74,70802,3284],{"class":106},[74,70804,70805,70807,70809,70811,70813,70815,70817,70819],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,70806,684],{"class":80},[74,70808,85],{"class":84},[74,70810,44930],{"class":1345},[74,70812,107],{"class":106},[74,70814,122],{"class":88},[74,70816,2632],{"class":92},[74,70818,122],{"class":88},[74,70820,260],{"class":106},[74,70822,70823],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,70824,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,70826,70827,70829,70831,70833,70835,70837,70839,70841],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,70828,103],{"class":102},[74,70830,107],{"class":106},[74,70832,3298],{"class":110},[74,70834,114],{"class":106},[74,70836,25895],{"class":110},[74,70838,107],{"class":106},[74,70840,35503],{"class":110},[74,70842,130],{"class":106},[74,70844,70845,70847,70849,70851],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,70846,103],{"class":102},[74,70848,107],{"class":106},[74,70850,3298],{"class":110},[74,70852,260],{"class":106},[20,70854,157],{},[65,70856,70858],{"className":67,"code":70857,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"20\n[10, 30]\n",[15,70859,70860,70865],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,70861,70862],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,70863,70864],{"class":167},"20\n",[74,70866,70867,70869,70871,70873,70875],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,70868,742],{"class":106},[74,70870,1972],{"class":167},[74,70872,249],{"class":106},[74,70874,7451],{"class":167},[74,70876,3284],{"class":106},[60,70878,70880],{"id":70879},"pop-vs-remove","pop() vs remove()",[20,70882,70883],{},"These methods are similar, but they are not the same.",[262,70885,176,70887,10259],{"id":70886},"use-pop-when",[15,70888,12421],{},[30,70890,70891,70894,70897],{},[33,70892,70893],{},"you want to remove by index",[33,70895,70896],{},"you want the removed item returned",[33,70898,70899],{},"you want to remove the last item by default",[262,70901,176,70903,10259],{"id":70902},"use-remove-when",[15,70904,55181],{},[30,70906,70907,70910],{},[33,70908,70909],{},"you want to remove by value",[33,70911,70912],{},"you know the item itself, not its position",[20,70914,70915],{},"Compare these examples:",[65,70917,70919],{"className":67,"code":70918,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nremoved = numbers.pop(1)\nprint(removed)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,70920,70921,70945,70949,70967,70977],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,70922,70923,70925,70927,70929,70931,70933,70935,70937,70939,70941,70943],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,70924,3266],{"class":80},[74,70926,85],{"class":84},[74,70928,3271],{"class":106},[74,70930,1972],{"class":167},[74,70932,249],{"class":106},[74,70934,7446],{"class":167},[74,70936,249],{"class":106},[74,70938,7451],{"class":167},[74,70940,249],{"class":106},[74,70942,7446],{"class":167},[74,70944,3284],{"class":106},[74,70946,70947],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,70948,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,70950,70951,70953,70955,70957,70959,70961,70963,70965],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,70952,69575],{"class":80},[74,70954,85],{"class":84},[74,70956,3914],{"class":80},[74,70958,114],{"class":106},[74,70960,25895],{"class":110},[74,70962,107],{"class":106},[74,70964,2632],{"class":167},[74,70966,260],{"class":106},[74,70968,70969,70971,70973,70975],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,70970,103],{"class":102},[74,70972,107],{"class":106},[74,70974,69598],{"class":110},[74,70976,260],{"class":106},[74,70978,70979,70981,70983,70985],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,70980,103],{"class":102},[74,70982,107],{"class":106},[74,70984,3298],{"class":110},[74,70986,260],{"class":106},[20,70988,157],{},[65,70990,70992],{"className":67,"code":70991,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"20\n[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,70993,70994,70998],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,70995,70996],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,70997,70864],{"class":167},[74,70999,71000,71002,71004,71006,71008,71010,71012],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,71001,742],{"class":106},[74,71003,1972],{"class":167},[74,71005,249],{"class":106},[74,71007,7451],{"class":167},[74,71009,249],{"class":106},[74,71011,7446],{"class":167},[74,71013,3284],{"class":106},[65,71015,71017],{"className":67,"code":71016,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nnumbers.remove(20)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71018,71019,71043,71047,71061],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,71020,71021,71023,71025,71027,71029,71031,71033,71035,71037,71039,71041],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,71022,3266],{"class":80},[74,71024,85],{"class":84},[74,71026,3271],{"class":106},[74,71028,1972],{"class":167},[74,71030,249],{"class":106},[74,71032,7446],{"class":167},[74,71034,249],{"class":106},[74,71036,7451],{"class":167},[74,71038,249],{"class":106},[74,71040,7446],{"class":167},[74,71042,3284],{"class":106},[74,71044,71045],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,71046,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,71048,71049,71051,71053,71055,71057,71059],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,71050,3298],{"class":80},[74,71052,114],{"class":106},[74,71054,34451],{"class":110},[74,71056,107],{"class":106},[74,71058,15412],{"class":167},[74,71060,260],{"class":106},[74,71062,71063,71065,71067,71069],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,71064,103],{"class":102},[74,71066,107],{"class":106},[74,71068,3298],{"class":110},[74,71070,260],{"class":106},[20,71072,157],{},[65,71074,71076],{"className":67,"code":71075,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,71077,71078],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,71079,71080,71082,71084,71086,71088,71090,71092],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,71081,742],{"class":106},[74,71083,1972],{"class":167},[74,71085,249],{"class":106},[74,71087,7451],{"class":167},[74,71089,249],{"class":106},[74,71091,7446],{"class":167},[74,71093,3284],{"class":106},[20,71095,71096,71097,71100,71101,114],{},"In the first example, ",[15,71098,71099],{},"pop(1)"," removes the item at index ",[15,71102,2632],{},[20,71104,56257,71105,71108,71109,114],{},[15,71106,71107],{},"remove(20)"," removes the first matching value ",[15,71110,15412],{},[20,71112,71113,71114,114],{},"If your goal is practical list cleanup, see ",[125,71115,54720],{"href":54719},[60,71117,914],{"id":913},[20,71119,71120,71121,679],{},"Beginners often run into these problems with ",[15,71122,12421],{},[30,71124,71125,71128,71131,71137,71141],{},[33,71126,71127],{},"Trying to pop from an empty list",[33,71129,71130],{},"Using an index larger than the list length",[33,71132,1123,71133,1126,71135],{},[15,71134,12421],{},[15,71136,55181],{},[33,71138,923,71139,61619],{},[15,71140,12421],{},[33,71142,71143],{},"Passing a string instead of an integer index",[20,71145,71146],{},"Helpful checks while debugging:",[65,71148,71150],{"className":67,"code":71149,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.pop())\nprint(my_list.pop(0))\nprint(type(index))\n",[15,71151,71152,71162,71176,71190,71208],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,71153,71154,71156,71158,71160],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,71155,103],{"class":102},[74,71157,107],{"class":106},[74,71159,7997],{"class":110},[74,71161,260],{"class":106},[74,71163,71164,71166,71168,71170,71172,71174],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,71165,103],{"class":102},[74,71167,107],{"class":106},[74,71169,10820],{"class":102},[74,71171,107],{"class":106},[74,71173,7997],{"class":110},[74,71175,130],{"class":106},[74,71177,71178,71180,71182,71184,71186,71188],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,71179,103],{"class":102},[74,71181,107],{"class":106},[74,71183,7997],{"class":110},[74,71185,114],{"class":106},[74,71187,25895],{"class":110},[74,71189,6848],{"class":106},[74,71191,71192,71194,71196,71198,71200,71202,71204,71206],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,71193,103],{"class":102},[74,71195,107],{"class":106},[74,71197,7997],{"class":110},[74,71199,114],{"class":106},[74,71201,25895],{"class":110},[74,71203,107],{"class":106},[74,71205,327],{"class":167},[74,71207,130],{"class":106},[74,71209,71210,71212,71214,71216,71218,71220],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,71211,103],{"class":102},[74,71213,107],{"class":106},[74,71215,1346],{"class":1345},[74,71217,107],{"class":106},[74,71219,35503],{"class":110},[74,71221,130],{"class":106},[20,71223,71224],{},"Be careful with these debugging lines:",[30,71226,71227,71233],{},[33,71228,71229,71232],{},[15,71230,71231],{},"print(my_list.pop())"," changes the list",[33,71234,71235,71238],{},[15,71236,71237],{},"print(my_list.pop(0))"," also changes the list",[20,71240,71241,71242,71245],{},"If you only want to inspect the list, use ",[15,71243,71244],{},"print(my_list)"," first.",[60,71247,1471],{"id":1470},[262,71249,71251],{"id":71250},"does-pop-remove-the-last-item-by-default","Does pop() remove the last item by default?",[20,71253,71254,71255,71257],{},"Yes. If you do not pass an index, ",[15,71256,12421],{}," removes and returns the last item.",[262,71259,71261],{"id":71260},"what-is-the-difference-between-pop-and-remove","What is the difference between pop() and remove()?",[20,71263,71264,71266,71267,71269,71270,114],{},[15,71265,12421],{}," removes by index and returns the removed item. ",[15,71268,55181],{}," removes by value and returns ",[15,71271,3429],{},[262,71273,71275],{"id":71274},"can-pop-use-negative-indexes","Can pop() use negative indexes?",[20,71277,71278,71279,71282],{},"Yes. For example, ",[15,71280,71281],{},"pop(-1)"," removes the last item.",[262,71284,71286],{"id":71285},"what-happens-if-the-list-is-empty","What happens if the list is empty?",[20,71288,71289,71290,71292],{},"Python raises ",[15,71291,70372],{}," because there is no item to remove.",[60,71294,1527],{"id":1526},[30,71296,71297,71301,71306,71311,71316],{},[33,71298,71299],{},[125,71300,55167],{"href":54719},[33,71302,71303],{},[125,71304,71305],{"href":54724},"Python list remove() method",[33,71307,71308],{},[125,71309,71310],{"href":58614},"Python list index() method",[33,71312,71313],{},[125,71314,71315],{"href":50631},"Python lists explained: beginner guide",[33,71317,71318],{},[125,71319,68900],{"href":68899},[1566,71321,71322],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":70,"searchDepth":99,"depth":99,"links":71324},[71325,71326,71327,71328,71329,71330,71331,71336,71342,71343,71349],{"id":62,"depth":99,"text":63},{"id":69501,"depth":99,"text":69502},{"id":226,"depth":99,"text":227},{"id":69811,"depth":99,"text":69812},{"id":69940,"depth":99,"text":69941},{"id":70211,"depth":99,"text":70212},{"id":70358,"depth":99,"text":70359,"children":71332},[71333,71334,71335],{"id":70362,"depth":133,"text":70363},{"id":70500,"depth":133,"text":70501},{"id":70682,"depth":133,"text":70683},{"id":70879,"depth":99,"text":70880,"children":71337},[71338,71340],{"id":70886,"depth":133,"text":71339},"Use pop() when:",{"id":70902,"depth":133,"text":71341},"Use remove() when:",{"id":913,"depth":99,"text":914},{"id":1470,"depth":99,"text":1471,"children":71344},[71345,71346,71347,71348],{"id":71250,"depth":133,"text":71251},{"id":71260,"depth":133,"text":71261},{"id":71274,"depth":133,"text":71275},{"id":71285,"depth":133,"text":71286},{"id":1526,"depth":99,"text":1527},"Master python list pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method",{"title":69368,"description":71350},"reference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method","kHX2O4xs3stUx9ClpKy3mBjYQCERRseG-ecaBv6b1II",{"id":71357,"title":71358,"body":71359,"description":73144,"extension":1610,"meta":73145,"navigation":407,"path":73146,"seo":73147,"stem":73148,"__hash__":73149},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method.md","Python List remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":71360,"toc":73126},[71361,71364,71369,71375,71377,71447,71453,71457,71462,71483,71486,71553,71555,71576,71584,71586,71605,71621,71623,71688,71690,71715,71717,71719,71784,71786,71811,71813,71827,71830,71883,71885,71906,71910,71918,71991,71993,72026,72032,72038,72129,72131,72156,72162,72251,72253,72277,72279,72283,72338,72340,72372,72375,72378,72472,72474,72507,72513,72519,72523,72530,72556,72560,72625,72627,72652,72656,72737,72739,72768,72773,72778,72784,72788,72795,72817,72821,72880,72882,72906,72915,72920,72922,72926,72954,72956,73031,73034,73048,73054,73056,73060,73063,73067,73072,73076,73085,73089,73097,73099,73123],[10,71362,71358],{"id":71363},"python-list-remove-method",[20,71365,1627,71366,71368],{},[15,71367,54727],{}," method deletes the first item in a list that matches a given value.",[20,71370,71371,71372,71374],{},"Use this method when you know the ",[332,71373,246],{}," you want to remove, not the position. This page focuses on removing by value, not by index.",[60,71376,63],{"id":62},[65,71378,71380],{"className":67,"code":71379,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,71381,71382,71414,71432,71442],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,71383,71384,71386,71388,71390,71392,71394,71396,71398,71400,71402,71404,71406,71408,71410,71412],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,71385,7435],{"class":80},[74,71387,85],{"class":84},[74,71389,3271],{"class":106},[74,71391,122],{"class":88},[74,71393,376],{"class":92},[74,71395,122],{"class":88},[74,71397,249],{"class":106},[74,71399,89],{"class":88},[74,71401,93],{"class":92},[74,71403,122],{"class":88},[74,71405,249],{"class":106},[74,71407,89],{"class":88},[74,71409,32878],{"class":92},[74,71411,122],{"class":88},[74,71413,3284],{"class":106},[74,71415,71416,71418,71420,71422,71424,71426,71428,71430],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,71417,7466],{"class":80},[74,71419,114],{"class":106},[74,71421,34451],{"class":110},[74,71423,107],{"class":106},[74,71425,122],{"class":88},[74,71427,93],{"class":92},[74,71429,122],{"class":88},[74,71431,260],{"class":106},[74,71433,71434,71436,71438,71440],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,71435,103],{"class":102},[74,71437,107],{"class":106},[74,71439,7466],{"class":110},[74,71441,260],{"class":106},[74,71443,71444],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,71445,71446],{"class":3314},"# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[20,71448,176,71449,71452],{},[15,71450,71451],{},"remove(value)"," to delete the first matching item from a list.",[60,71454,71456],{"id":71455},"what-remove-does","What remove() does",[20,71458,71459,71461],{},[15,71460,55181],{}," is a list method that:",[30,71463,71464,71470,71475,71480],{},[33,71465,71466,71467,71469],{},"Deletes the ",[332,71468,29564],{}," item in the list that matches the value",[33,71471,71472,71473],{},"Changes the original list ",[332,71474,10992],{},[33,71476,1517,71477,71479],{},[332,71478,334],{}," return a new list",[33,71481,71482],{},"Is useful when you know the item value you want to delete",[20,71484,71485],{},"This is important for beginners:",[65,71487,71489],{"className":67,"code":71488,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.remove(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,71490,71491,71511,71529,71533,71543],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,71492,71493,71495,71497,71499,71501,71503,71505,71507,71509],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,71494,3266],{"class":80},[74,71496,85],{"class":84},[74,71498,3271],{"class":106},[74,71500,2632],{"class":167},[74,71502,249],{"class":106},[74,71504,620],{"class":167},[74,71506,249],{"class":106},[74,71508,2094],{"class":167},[74,71510,3284],{"class":106},[74,71512,71513,71515,71517,71519,71521,71523,71525,71527],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,71514,383],{"class":80},[74,71516,85],{"class":84},[74,71518,3914],{"class":80},[74,71520,114],{"class":106},[74,71522,34451],{"class":110},[74,71524,107],{"class":106},[74,71526,687],{"class":167},[74,71528,260],{"class":106},[74,71530,71531],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,71532,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,71534,71535,71537,71539,71541],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,71536,103],{"class":102},[74,71538,107],{"class":106},[74,71540,3298],{"class":110},[74,71542,260],{"class":106},[74,71544,71545,71547,71549,71551],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,71546,103],{"class":102},[74,71548,107],{"class":106},[74,71550,418],{"class":110},[74,71552,260],{"class":106},[20,71554,157],{},[65,71556,71558],{"className":67,"code":71557,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"[1, 3]\nNone\n",[15,71559,71560,71572],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,71561,71562,71564,71566,71568,71570],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,71563,742],{"class":106},[74,71565,2632],{"class":167},[74,71567,249],{"class":106},[74,71569,2094],{"class":167},[74,71571,3284],{"class":106},[74,71573,71574],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,71575,11466],{"class":3504},[20,71577,71578,71579,71581,71582,114],{},"The list changed, but ",[15,71580,55181],{}," itself returned ",[15,71583,3429],{},[60,71585,5081],{"id":5080},[65,71587,71589],{"className":67,"code":71588,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"list.remove(value)\n",[15,71590,71591],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,71592,71593,71595,71597,71599,71601,71603],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,71594,7751],{"class":1345},[74,71596,114],{"class":106},[74,71598,34451],{"class":110},[74,71600,107],{"class":106},[74,71602,246],{"class":110},[74,71604,260],{"class":106},[30,71606,71607,71612,71615],{},[33,71608,71609,71611],{},[15,71610,246],{}," is the item you want to delete",[33,71613,71614],{},"Python searches from left to right",[33,71616,71617,71618,71620],{},"Only the ",[332,71619,29564],{}," matching value is removed",[20,71622,506],{},[65,71624,71626],{"className":67,"code":71625,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nletters.remove(\"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,71627,71628,71660,71678],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,71629,71630,71632,71634,71636,71638,71640,71642,71644,71646,71648,71650,71652,71654,71656,71658],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,71631,35746],{"class":80},[74,71633,85],{"class":84},[74,71635,3271],{"class":106},[74,71637,122],{"class":88},[74,71639,125],{"class":92},[74,71641,122],{"class":88},[74,71643,249],{"class":106},[74,71645,89],{"class":88},[74,71647,4412],{"class":92},[74,71649,122],{"class":88},[74,71651,249],{"class":106},[74,71653,89],{"class":88},[74,71655,9396],{"class":92},[74,71657,122],{"class":88},[74,71659,3284],{"class":106},[74,71661,71662,71664,71666,71668,71670,71672,71674,71676],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,71663,35799],{"class":80},[74,71665,114],{"class":106},[74,71667,34451],{"class":110},[74,71669,107],{"class":106},[74,71671,122],{"class":88},[74,71673,4412],{"class":92},[74,71675,122],{"class":88},[74,71677,260],{"class":106},[74,71679,71680,71682,71684,71686],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,71681,103],{"class":102},[74,71683,107],{"class":106},[74,71685,35799],{"class":110},[74,71687,260],{"class":106},[20,71689,157],{},[65,71691,71693],{"className":67,"code":71692,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"['a', 'c']\n",[15,71694,71695],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,71696,71697,71699,71701,71703,71705,71707,71709,71711,71713],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,71698,742],{"class":106},[74,71700,2946],{"class":88},[74,71702,125],{"class":92},[74,71704,2946],{"class":88},[74,71706,249],{"class":106},[74,71708,2941],{"class":88},[74,71710,9396],{"class":92},[74,71712,2946],{"class":88},[74,71714,3284],{"class":106},[60,71716,5438],{"id":5437},[20,71718,64818],{},[65,71720,71722],{"className":67,"code":71721,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,71723,71724,71756,71774],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,71725,71726,71728,71730,71732,71734,71736,71738,71740,71742,71744,71746,71748,71750,71752,71754],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,71727,12732],{"class":80},[74,71729,85],{"class":84},[74,71731,3271],{"class":106},[74,71733,122],{"class":88},[74,71735,12749],{"class":92},[74,71737,122],{"class":88},[74,71739,249],{"class":106},[74,71741,89],{"class":88},[74,71743,12766],{"class":92},[74,71745,122],{"class":88},[74,71747,249],{"class":106},[74,71749,89],{"class":88},[74,71751,17110],{"class":92},[74,71753,122],{"class":88},[74,71755,3284],{"class":106},[74,71757,71758,71760,71762,71764,71766,71768,71770,71772],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,71759,17157],{"class":80},[74,71761,114],{"class":106},[74,71763,34451],{"class":110},[74,71765,107],{"class":106},[74,71767,122],{"class":88},[74,71769,12766],{"class":92},[74,71771,122],{"class":88},[74,71773,260],{"class":106},[74,71775,71776,71778,71780,71782],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,71777,103],{"class":102},[74,71779,107],{"class":106},[74,71781,17157],{"class":110},[74,71783,260],{"class":106},[20,71785,157],{},[65,71787,71789],{"className":67,"code":71788,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"['red', 'green']\n",[15,71790,71791],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,71792,71793,71795,71797,71799,71801,71803,71805,71807,71809],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,71794,742],{"class":106},[74,71796,2946],{"class":88},[74,71798,12749],{"class":92},[74,71800,2946],{"class":88},[74,71802,249],{"class":106},[74,71804,2941],{"class":88},[74,71806,17110],{"class":92},[74,71808,2946],{"class":88},[74,71810,3284],{"class":106},[20,71812,11341],{},[30,71814,71815,71818,71824],{},[33,71816,71817],{},"A list is created with three values",[33,71819,71820,71823],{},[15,71821,71822],{},"remove(\"blue\")"," deletes the matching item",[33,71825,71826],{},"The list is printed after the change",[20,71828,71829],{},"You can use the same method with numbers too:",[65,71831,71833],{"className":67,"code":71832,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"scores = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nscores.remove(30)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,71834,71835,71859,71873],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,71836,71837,71839,71841,71843,71845,71847,71849,71851,71853,71855,71857],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,71838,4715],{"class":80},[74,71840,85],{"class":84},[74,71842,3271],{"class":106},[74,71844,1972],{"class":167},[74,71846,249],{"class":106},[74,71848,7446],{"class":167},[74,71850,249],{"class":106},[74,71852,7451],{"class":167},[74,71854,249],{"class":106},[74,71856,50495],{"class":167},[74,71858,3284],{"class":106},[74,71860,71861,71863,71865,71867,71869,71871],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,71862,16047],{"class":80},[74,71864,114],{"class":106},[74,71866,34451],{"class":110},[74,71868,107],{"class":106},[74,71870,36498],{"class":167},[74,71872,260],{"class":106},[74,71874,71875,71877,71879,71881],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,71876,103],{"class":102},[74,71878,107],{"class":106},[74,71880,16047],{"class":110},[74,71882,260],{"class":106},[20,71884,157],{},[65,71886,71888],{"className":67,"code":71887,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"[10, 20, 40]\n",[15,71889,71890],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,71891,71892,71894,71896,71898,71900,71902,71904],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,71893,742],{"class":106},[74,71895,1972],{"class":167},[74,71897,249],{"class":106},[74,71899,7446],{"class":167},[74,71901,249],{"class":106},[74,71903,50495],{"class":167},[74,71905,3284],{"class":106},[60,71907,71909],{"id":71908},"what-happens-with-duplicates","What happens with duplicates",[20,71911,64808,71912,71914,71915,71917],{},[15,71913,55181],{}," deletes only the ",[332,71916,29564],{}," one.",[65,71919,71921],{"className":67,"code":71920,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,71922,71923,71963,71981],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,71924,71925,71927,71929,71931,71933,71935,71937,71939,71941,71943,71945,71947,71949,71951,71953,71955,71957,71959,71961],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,71926,7435],{"class":80},[74,71928,85],{"class":84},[74,71930,3271],{"class":106},[74,71932,122],{"class":88},[74,71934,376],{"class":92},[74,71936,122],{"class":88},[74,71938,249],{"class":106},[74,71940,89],{"class":88},[74,71942,93],{"class":92},[74,71944,122],{"class":88},[74,71946,249],{"class":106},[74,71948,89],{"class":88},[74,71950,376],{"class":92},[74,71952,122],{"class":88},[74,71954,249],{"class":106},[74,71956,89],{"class":88},[74,71958,32878],{"class":92},[74,71960,122],{"class":88},[74,71962,3284],{"class":106},[74,71964,71965,71967,71969,71971,71973,71975,71977,71979],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,71966,7466],{"class":80},[74,71968,114],{"class":106},[74,71970,34451],{"class":110},[74,71972,107],{"class":106},[74,71974,122],{"class":88},[74,71976,376],{"class":92},[74,71978,122],{"class":88},[74,71980,260],{"class":106},[74,71982,71983,71985,71987,71989],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,71984,103],{"class":102},[74,71986,107],{"class":106},[74,71988,7466],{"class":110},[74,71990,260],{"class":106},[20,71992,157],{},[65,71994,71996],{"className":67,"code":71995,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"['banana', 'apple', 'orange']\n",[15,71997,71998],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,71999,72000,72002,72004,72006,72008,72010,72012,72014,72016,72018,72020,72022,72024],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,72001,742],{"class":106},[74,72003,2946],{"class":88},[74,72005,93],{"class":92},[74,72007,2946],{"class":88},[74,72009,249],{"class":106},[74,72011,2941],{"class":88},[74,72013,376],{"class":92},[74,72015,2946],{"class":88},[74,72017,249],{"class":106},[74,72019,2941],{"class":88},[74,72021,32878],{"class":92},[74,72023,2946],{"class":88},[74,72025,3284],{"class":106},[20,72027,72028,72029,72031],{},"Only the first ",[15,72030,440],{}," was removed.",[20,72033,72034,72035,72037],{},"If you want to remove another matching value, call ",[15,72036,55181],{}," again:",[65,72039,72041],{"className":67,"code":72040,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72042,72043,72083,72101,72119],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,72044,72045,72047,72049,72051,72053,72055,72057,72059,72061,72063,72065,72067,72069,72071,72073,72075,72077,72079,72081],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,72046,7435],{"class":80},[74,72048,85],{"class":84},[74,72050,3271],{"class":106},[74,72052,122],{"class":88},[74,72054,376],{"class":92},[74,72056,122],{"class":88},[74,72058,249],{"class":106},[74,72060,89],{"class":88},[74,72062,93],{"class":92},[74,72064,122],{"class":88},[74,72066,249],{"class":106},[74,72068,89],{"class":88},[74,72070,376],{"class":92},[74,72072,122],{"class":88},[74,72074,249],{"class":106},[74,72076,89],{"class":88},[74,72078,32878],{"class":92},[74,72080,122],{"class":88},[74,72082,3284],{"class":106},[74,72084,72085,72087,72089,72091,72093,72095,72097,72099],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,72086,7466],{"class":80},[74,72088,114],{"class":106},[74,72090,34451],{"class":110},[74,72092,107],{"class":106},[74,72094,122],{"class":88},[74,72096,376],{"class":92},[74,72098,122],{"class":88},[74,72100,260],{"class":106},[74,72102,72103,72105,72107,72109,72111,72113,72115,72117],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,72104,7466],{"class":80},[74,72106,114],{"class":106},[74,72108,34451],{"class":110},[74,72110,107],{"class":106},[74,72112,122],{"class":88},[74,72114,376],{"class":92},[74,72116,122],{"class":88},[74,72118,260],{"class":106},[74,72120,72121,72123,72125,72127],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,72122,103],{"class":102},[74,72124,107],{"class":106},[74,72126,7466],{"class":110},[74,72128,260],{"class":106},[20,72130,157],{},[65,72132,72134],{"className":67,"code":72133,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"['banana', 'orange']\n",[15,72135,72136],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,72137,72138,72140,72142,72144,72146,72148,72150,72152,72154],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,72139,742],{"class":106},[74,72141,2946],{"class":88},[74,72143,93],{"class":92},[74,72145,2946],{"class":88},[74,72147,249],{"class":106},[74,72149,2941],{"class":88},[74,72151,32878],{"class":92},[74,72153,2946],{"class":88},[74,72155,3284],{"class":106},[20,72157,72158,72159,72161],{},"If you need to remove ",[332,72160,3366],{}," matching values, a list comprehension is usually better:",[65,72163,72165],{"className":67,"code":72164,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems = [item for item in items if item != \"apple\"]\nprint(items)\n",[15,72166,72167,72207,72241],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,72168,72169,72171,72173,72175,72177,72179,72181,72183,72185,72187,72189,72191,72193,72195,72197,72199,72201,72203,72205],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,72170,7435],{"class":80},[74,72172,85],{"class":84},[74,72174,3271],{"class":106},[74,72176,122],{"class":88},[74,72178,376],{"class":92},[74,72180,122],{"class":88},[74,72182,249],{"class":106},[74,72184,89],{"class":88},[74,72186,93],{"class":92},[74,72188,122],{"class":88},[74,72190,249],{"class":106},[74,72192,89],{"class":88},[74,72194,376],{"class":92},[74,72196,122],{"class":88},[74,72198,249],{"class":106},[74,72200,89],{"class":88},[74,72202,32878],{"class":92},[74,72204,122],{"class":88},[74,72206,3284],{"class":106},[74,72208,72209,72211,72213,72215,72217,72219,72221,72223,72226,72228,72230,72233,72235,72237,72239],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,72210,7435],{"class":80},[74,72212,85],{"class":84},[74,72214,3271],{"class":106},[74,72216,28193],{"class":80},[74,72218,5609],{"class":3529},[74,72220,5612],{"class":80},[74,72222,351],{"class":3529},[74,72224,72225],{"class":80}," items ",[74,72227,6651],{"class":3529},[74,72229,5612],{"class":80},[74,72231,72232],{"class":84},"!=",[74,72234,89],{"class":88},[74,72236,376],{"class":92},[74,72238,122],{"class":88},[74,72240,3284],{"class":106},[74,72242,72243,72245,72247,72249],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,72244,103],{"class":102},[74,72246,107],{"class":106},[74,72248,7466],{"class":110},[74,72250,260],{"class":106},[20,72252,157],{},[65,72254,72255],{"className":67,"code":72133,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,72256,72257],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,72258,72259,72261,72263,72265,72267,72269,72271,72273,72275],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,72260,742],{"class":106},[74,72262,2946],{"class":88},[74,72264,93],{"class":92},[74,72266,2946],{"class":88},[74,72268,249],{"class":106},[74,72270,2941],{"class":88},[74,72272,32878],{"class":92},[74,72274,2946],{"class":88},[74,72276,3284],{"class":106},[60,72278,65272],{"id":65271},[20,72280,65275,72281,114],{},[15,72282,40361],{},[65,72284,72286],{"className":67,"code":72285,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,72287,72288,72320],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,72289,72290,72292,72294,72296,72298,72300,72302,72304,72306,72308,72310,72312,72314,72316,72318],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,72291,7435],{"class":80},[74,72293,85],{"class":84},[74,72295,3271],{"class":106},[74,72297,122],{"class":88},[74,72299,376],{"class":92},[74,72301,122],{"class":88},[74,72303,249],{"class":106},[74,72305,89],{"class":88},[74,72307,93],{"class":92},[74,72309,122],{"class":88},[74,72311,249],{"class":106},[74,72313,89],{"class":88},[74,72315,32878],{"class":92},[74,72317,122],{"class":88},[74,72319,3284],{"class":106},[74,72321,72322,72324,72326,72328,72330,72332,72334,72336],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,72323,7466],{"class":80},[74,72325,114],{"class":106},[74,72327,34451],{"class":110},[74,72329,107],{"class":106},[74,72331,122],{"class":88},[74,72333,22189],{"class":92},[74,72335,122],{"class":88},[74,72337,260],{"class":106},[20,72339,157],{},[65,72341,72343],{"className":67,"code":72342,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list\n",[15,72344,72345],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,72346,72347,72349,72351,72353,72355,72357,72359,72361,72363,72365,72367,72369],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,72348,40361],{"class":1345},[74,72350,679],{"class":106},[74,72352,22216],{"class":1345},[74,72354,114],{"class":106},[74,72356,34451],{"class":110},[74,72358,107],{"class":106},[74,72360,1816],{"class":110},[74,72362,16110],{"class":106},[74,72364,3533],{"class":80},[74,72366,334],{"class":84},[74,72368,20829],{"class":84},[74,72370,72371],{"class":1345}," list\n",[20,72373,72374],{},"This is a common beginner mistake.",[20,72376,72377],{},"A safe pattern is to check first:",[65,72379,72381],{"className":67,"code":72380,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nvalue = \"grape\"\n\nif value in items:\n    items.remove(value)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,72382,72383,72415,72427,72431,72443,72458,72462],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,72384,72385,72387,72389,72391,72393,72395,72397,72399,72401,72403,72405,72407,72409,72411,72413],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,72386,7435],{"class":80},[74,72388,85],{"class":84},[74,72390,3271],{"class":106},[74,72392,122],{"class":88},[74,72394,376],{"class":92},[74,72396,122],{"class":88},[74,72398,249],{"class":106},[74,72400,89],{"class":88},[74,72402,93],{"class":92},[74,72404,122],{"class":88},[74,72406,249],{"class":106},[74,72408,89],{"class":88},[74,72410,32878],{"class":92},[74,72412,122],{"class":88},[74,72414,3284],{"class":106},[74,72416,72417,72419,72421,72423,72425],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,72418,2089],{"class":80},[74,72420,85],{"class":84},[74,72422,89],{"class":88},[74,72424,22189],{"class":92},[74,72426,96],{"class":88},[74,72428,72429],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,72430,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,72432,72433,72435,72437,72439,72441],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,72434,6651],{"class":3529},[74,72436,21240],{"class":80},[74,72438,351],{"class":84},[74,72440,5617],{"class":80},[74,72442,6046],{"class":106},[74,72444,72445,72448,72450,72452,72454,72456],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,72446,72447],{"class":80},"    items",[74,72449,114],{"class":106},[74,72451,34451],{"class":110},[74,72453,107],{"class":106},[74,72455,246],{"class":110},[74,72457,260],{"class":106},[74,72459,72460],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,72461,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,72463,72464,72466,72468,72470],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,72465,103],{"class":102},[74,72467,107],{"class":106},[74,72469,7466],{"class":110},[74,72471,260],{"class":106},[20,72473,157],{},[65,72475,72477],{"className":67,"code":72476,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,72478,72479],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,72480,72481,72483,72485,72487,72489,72491,72493,72495,72497,72499,72501,72503,72505],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,72482,742],{"class":106},[74,72484,2946],{"class":88},[74,72486,376],{"class":92},[74,72488,2946],{"class":88},[74,72490,249],{"class":106},[74,72492,2941],{"class":88},[74,72494,93],{"class":92},[74,72496,2946],{"class":88},[74,72498,249],{"class":106},[74,72500,2941],{"class":88},[74,72502,32878],{"class":92},[74,72504,2946],{"class":88},[74,72506,3284],{"class":106},[20,72508,72509,72510,72512],{},"This avoids the error because ",[15,72511,55181],{}," runs only if the value exists.",[20,72514,72515,72516,114],{},"If you are troubleshooting this kind of problem, see ",[125,72517,65481],{"href":72518},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F",[60,72520,72522],{"id":72521},"remove-vs-pop","remove() vs pop()",[20,72524,72525,51,72527,72529],{},[15,72526,55181],{},[15,72528,12421],{}," both delete items from a list, but they work differently.",[30,72531,72532,72539,72545,72551],{},[33,72533,72534,72536,72537],{},[15,72535,55181],{}," deletes by ",[332,72538,246],{},[33,72540,72541,72536,72543],{},[15,72542,12421],{},[332,72544,35503],{},[33,72546,72547,2039,72549],{},[15,72548,55181],{},[15,72550,3429],{},[33,72552,72553,72555],{},[15,72554,12421],{}," returns the removed item",[20,72557,45694,72558,679],{},[15,72559,55181],{},[65,72561,72563],{"className":67,"code":72562,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72564,72565,72597,72615],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,72566,72567,72569,72571,72573,72575,72577,72579,72581,72583,72585,72587,72589,72591,72593,72595],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,72568,7435],{"class":80},[74,72570,85],{"class":84},[74,72572,3271],{"class":106},[74,72574,122],{"class":88},[74,72576,376],{"class":92},[74,72578,122],{"class":88},[74,72580,249],{"class":106},[74,72582,89],{"class":88},[74,72584,93],{"class":92},[74,72586,122],{"class":88},[74,72588,249],{"class":106},[74,72590,89],{"class":88},[74,72592,32878],{"class":92},[74,72594,122],{"class":88},[74,72596,3284],{"class":106},[74,72598,72599,72601,72603,72605,72607,72609,72611,72613],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,72600,7466],{"class":80},[74,72602,114],{"class":106},[74,72604,34451],{"class":110},[74,72606,107],{"class":106},[74,72608,122],{"class":88},[74,72610,93],{"class":92},[74,72612,122],{"class":88},[74,72614,260],{"class":106},[74,72616,72617,72619,72621,72623],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,72618,103],{"class":102},[74,72620,107],{"class":106},[74,72622,7466],{"class":110},[74,72624,260],{"class":106},[20,72626,157],{},[65,72628,72630],{"className":67,"code":72629,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,72631,72632],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,72633,72634,72636,72638,72640,72642,72644,72646,72648,72650],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,72635,742],{"class":106},[74,72637,2946],{"class":88},[74,72639,376],{"class":92},[74,72641,2946],{"class":88},[74,72643,249],{"class":106},[74,72645,2941],{"class":88},[74,72647,32878],{"class":92},[74,72649,2946],{"class":88},[74,72651,3284],{"class":106},[20,72653,45694,72654,679],{},[15,72655,12421],{},[65,72657,72659],{"className":67,"code":72658,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nremoved_item = items.pop(1)\n\nprint(items)\nprint(removed_item)\n",[15,72660,72661,72693,72712,72716,72726],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,72662,72663,72665,72667,72669,72671,72673,72675,72677,72679,72681,72683,72685,72687,72689,72691],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,72664,7435],{"class":80},[74,72666,85],{"class":84},[74,72668,3271],{"class":106},[74,72670,122],{"class":88},[74,72672,376],{"class":92},[74,72674,122],{"class":88},[74,72676,249],{"class":106},[74,72678,89],{"class":88},[74,72680,93],{"class":92},[74,72682,122],{"class":88},[74,72684,249],{"class":106},[74,72686,89],{"class":88},[74,72688,32878],{"class":92},[74,72690,122],{"class":88},[74,72692,3284],{"class":106},[74,72694,72695,72698,72700,72702,72704,72706,72708,72710],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,72696,72697],{"class":80},"removed_item ",[74,72699,85],{"class":84},[74,72701,5617],{"class":80},[74,72703,114],{"class":106},[74,72705,25895],{"class":110},[74,72707,107],{"class":106},[74,72709,2632],{"class":167},[74,72711,260],{"class":106},[74,72713,72714],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,72715,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,72717,72718,72720,72722,72724],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,72719,103],{"class":102},[74,72721,107],{"class":106},[74,72723,7466],{"class":110},[74,72725,260],{"class":106},[74,72727,72728,72730,72732,72735],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,72729,103],{"class":102},[74,72731,107],{"class":106},[74,72733,72734],{"class":110},"removed_item",[74,72736,260],{"class":106},[20,72738,157],{},[65,72740,72742],{"className":67,"code":72741,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"['apple', 'orange']\nbanana\n",[15,72743,72744,72764],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,72745,72746,72748,72750,72752,72754,72756,72758,72760,72762],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,72747,742],{"class":106},[74,72749,2946],{"class":88},[74,72751,376],{"class":92},[74,72753,2946],{"class":88},[74,72755,249],{"class":106},[74,72757,2941],{"class":88},[74,72759,32878],{"class":92},[74,72761,2946],{"class":88},[74,72763,3284],{"class":106},[74,72765,72766],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,72767,70047],{"class":80},[20,72769,176,72770,72772],{},[15,72771,55181],{}," when you know the item value.",[20,72774,176,72775,72777],{},[15,72776,12421],{}," when you know the position and want the removed item back.",[20,72779,72780,72781,114],{},"For more detail, see the ",[125,72782,72783],{"href":54731},"Python list pop() method",[60,72785,72787],{"id":72786},"remove-vs-del","remove() vs del",[20,72789,72790,51,72792,72794],{},[15,72791,55181],{},[15,72793,26679],{}," are also different.",[30,72796,72797,72802,72807,72812],{},[33,72798,72799,72801],{},[15,72800,55181],{}," deletes by matching value",[33,72803,72804,72806],{},[15,72805,26679],{}," deletes by index or slice",[33,72808,176,72809,72811],{},[15,72810,26679],{}," when you know the position",[33,72813,176,72814,72816],{},[15,72815,55181],{}," when you know the item value",[20,72818,45694,72819,679],{},[15,72820,26679],{},[65,72822,72824],{"className":67,"code":72823,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ndel items[1]\nprint(items)\n",[15,72825,72826,72858,72870],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,72827,72828,72830,72832,72834,72836,72838,72840,72842,72844,72846,72848,72850,72852,72854,72856],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,72829,7435],{"class":80},[74,72831,85],{"class":84},[74,72833,3271],{"class":106},[74,72835,122],{"class":88},[74,72837,376],{"class":92},[74,72839,122],{"class":88},[74,72841,249],{"class":106},[74,72843,89],{"class":88},[74,72845,93],{"class":92},[74,72847,122],{"class":88},[74,72849,249],{"class":106},[74,72851,89],{"class":88},[74,72853,32878],{"class":92},[74,72855,122],{"class":88},[74,72857,3284],{"class":106},[74,72859,72860,72862,72864,72866,72868],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,72861,26679],{"class":3529},[74,72863,5617],{"class":80},[74,72865,742],{"class":106},[74,72867,2632],{"class":167},[74,72869,3284],{"class":106},[74,72871,72872,72874,72876,72878],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,72873,103],{"class":102},[74,72875,107],{"class":106},[74,72877,7466],{"class":110},[74,72879,260],{"class":106},[20,72881,157],{},[65,72883,72884],{"className":67,"code":72629,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,72885,72886],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,72887,72888,72890,72892,72894,72896,72898,72900,72902,72904],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,72889,742],{"class":106},[74,72891,2946],{"class":88},[74,72893,376],{"class":92},[74,72895,2946],{"class":88},[74,72897,249],{"class":106},[74,72899,2941],{"class":88},[74,72901,32878],{"class":92},[74,72903,2946],{"class":88},[74,72905,3284],{"class":106},[20,72907,72908,72909,72911,72912,72914],{},"This removed the item at index ",[15,72910,2632],{},", not the value ",[15,72913,219],{}," directly.",[20,72916,72917,72918,114],{},"If you are not sure whether you should remove by value or by position, see ",[125,72919,54720],{"href":54719},[60,72921,914],{"id":913},[20,72923,20867,72924,679],{},[15,72925,55181],{},[30,72927,72928,72931,72936,72943,72951],{},[33,72929,72930],{},"Trying to remove a value that is not in the list",[33,72932,923,72933,72935],{},[15,72934,55181],{}," to delete all matching values",[33,72937,12253,72938,72940,72941],{},[15,72939,55181],{}," to a variable even though it returns ",[15,72942,3429],{},[33,72944,571,72945,1462,72947,339,72949,1467],{},[15,72946,55181],{},[15,72948,12421],{},[15,72950,26679],{},[33,72952,72953],{},"Confusing removing by value with removing by index",[20,72955,71146],{},[65,72957,72959],{"className":67,"code":72958,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(my_list)\nprint(value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(type(my_list))\nhelp(list.remove)\n",[15,72960,72961,72971,72985,73003,73017],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,72962,72963,72965,72967,72969],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,72964,103],{"class":102},[74,72966,107],{"class":106},[74,72968,7997],{"class":110},[74,72970,260],{"class":106},[74,72972,72973,72975,72977,72979,72981,72983],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,72974,103],{"class":102},[74,72976,107],{"class":106},[74,72978,2089],{"class":110},[74,72980,351],{"class":3529},[74,72982,8054],{"class":110},[74,72984,260],{"class":106},[74,72986,72987,72989,72991,72993,72995,72997,72999,73001],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,72988,103],{"class":102},[74,72990,107],{"class":106},[74,72992,7997],{"class":110},[74,72994,114],{"class":106},[74,72996,117],{"class":110},[74,72998,107],{"class":106},[74,73000,246],{"class":110},[74,73002,130],{"class":106},[74,73004,73005,73007,73009,73011,73013,73015],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,73006,103],{"class":102},[74,73008,107],{"class":106},[74,73010,1346],{"class":1345},[74,73012,107],{"class":106},[74,73014,7997],{"class":110},[74,73016,130],{"class":106},[74,73018,73019,73021,73023,73025,73027,73029],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,73020,31809],{"class":102},[74,73022,107],{"class":106},[74,73024,7751],{"class":1345},[74,73026,114],{"class":106},[74,73028,34451],{"class":24406},[74,73030,260],{"class":106},[20,73032,73033],{},"These checks can help you answer questions like:",[30,73035,73036,73039,73042,73045],{},[33,73037,73038],{},"Is the value really in the list?",[33,73040,73041],{},"How many times does it appear?",[33,73043,73044],{},"Am I working with a list?",[33,73046,73047],{},"Am I using the method correctly?",[20,73049,73050,73051,73053],{},"If you need to find a value before removing it, the ",[125,73052,71310],{"href":58614}," may also help.",[60,73055,1471],{"id":1470},[262,73057,73059],{"id":73058},"does-remove-delete-all-matching-items","Does remove() delete all matching items?",[20,73061,73062],{},"No. It removes only the first matching value.",[262,73064,73066],{"id":73065},"what-does-listremove-return","What does list.remove() return?",[20,73068,1501,73069,73071],{},[15,73070,3429],{},". It changes the original list directly.",[262,73073,73075],{"id":73074},"how-do-i-avoid-an-error-if-the-value-is-missing","How do I avoid an error if the value is missing?",[20,73077,73078,73079,73082,73083,114],{},"Check with ",[15,73080,73081],{},"if value in my_list"," before calling ",[15,73084,55181],{},[262,73086,73088],{"id":73087},"should-i-use-remove-or-pop","Should I use remove() or pop()?",[20,73090,176,73091,73093,73094,73096],{},[15,73092,55181],{}," for a value and ",[15,73095,12421],{}," for an index.",[60,73098,1527],{"id":1526},[30,73100,73101,73105,73109,73113,73117],{},[33,73102,73103],{},[125,73104,55167],{"href":54719},[33,73106,73107],{},[125,73108,72783],{"href":54731},[33,73110,73111],{},[125,73112,71310],{"href":58614},[33,73114,73115],{},[125,73116,65481],{"href":72518},[33,73118,73119],{},[125,73120,73122],{"href":73121},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix\u002F","ValueError: substring not found fix",[1566,73124,73125],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":70,"searchDepth":99,"depth":99,"links":73127},[73128,73129,73130,73131,73132,73133,73134,73135,73136,73137,73143],{"id":62,"depth":99,"text":63},{"id":71455,"depth":99,"text":71456},{"id":5080,"depth":99,"text":5081},{"id":5437,"depth":99,"text":5438},{"id":71908,"depth":99,"text":71909},{"id":65271,"depth":99,"text":65272},{"id":72521,"depth":99,"text":72522},{"id":72786,"depth":99,"text":72787},{"id":913,"depth":99,"text":914},{"id":1470,"depth":99,"text":1471,"children":73138},[73139,73140,73141,73142],{"id":73058,"depth":133,"text":73059},{"id":73065,"depth":133,"text":73066},{"id":73074,"depth":133,"text":73075},{"id":73087,"depth":133,"text":73088},{"id":1526,"depth":99,"text":1527},"Master python list remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method",{"title":71358,"description":73144},"reference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method","jE1uuXBERpMbOGTd_fSVoHqAttuM8Gy2xT1krJOL_nM",{"id":73151,"title":73152,"body":73153,"description":75044,"extension":1610,"meta":75045,"navigation":407,"path":75046,"seo":75047,"stem":75048,"__hash__":75049},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method.md","Python List reverse() Method",{"type":7,"value":73154,"toc":75014},[73155,73161,73167,73170,73181,73183,73232,73237,73242,73246,73261,73263,73328,73330,73371,73373,73375,73390,73392,73403,73405,73462,73464,73497,73499,73502,73551,73553,73578,73580,73596,73602,73609,73670,73672,73705,73710,73713,73793,73795,73856,73862,73866,73869,73933,73935,73960,73962,73982,73984,74033,74035,74056,74065,74068,74072,74077,74122,74124,74145,74151,74156,74164,74228,74230,74267,74273,74277,74284,74349,74351,74388,74392,74409,74419,74424,74429,74440,74447,74449,74455,74478,74481,74508,74513,74516,74617,74619,74674,74677,74784,74786,74857,74860,74886,74888,74893,74897,74905,74910,74915,74921,74926,74930,74933,74950,74953,74973,74981,74983,75011],[10,73156,53994,73158,18],{"id":73157},"python-list-reverse-method",[15,73159,73160],{},"reverse()",[20,73162,73163,73166],{},[15,73164,73165],{},"list.reverse()"," reverses the order of items in a list.",[20,73168,73169],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it does not create a new list. This is important because beginners often expect it to return a reversed copy.",[20,73171,73172,73173,73175,73176,73180],{},"If you want to reverse a list, ",[15,73174,73160],{}," is useful when changing the original list is okay. If you need a new list instead, use ",[125,73177,73179],{"href":73178},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained\u002F","list slicing"," or another approach.",[60,73182,3256],{"id":3255},[65,73184,73186],{"className":67,"code":73185,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[15,73187,73188,73208,73219],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,73189,73190,73192,73194,73196,73198,73200,73202,73204,73206],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,73191,3266],{"class":80},[74,73193,85],{"class":84},[74,73195,3271],{"class":106},[74,73197,2632],{"class":167},[74,73199,249],{"class":106},[74,73201,620],{"class":167},[74,73203,249],{"class":106},[74,73205,2094],{"class":167},[74,73207,3284],{"class":106},[74,73209,73210,73212,73214,73217],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,73211,3298],{"class":80},[74,73213,114],{"class":106},[74,73215,73216],{"class":110},"reverse",[74,73218,8299],{"class":106},[74,73220,73221,73223,73225,73227,73229],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,73222,103],{"class":102},[74,73224,107],{"class":106},[74,73226,3298],{"class":110},[74,73228,3311],{"class":106},[74,73230,73231],{"class":3314},"  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[20,73233,73234,73236],{},[15,73235,73160],{}," changes the original list. It does not create a new list.",[60,73238,3328,73240,38],{"id":73239},"what-listreverse-does",[15,73241,73165],{},[20,73243,73244,679],{},[15,73245,73165],{},[30,73247,73248,73251,73254,73258],{},[33,73249,73250],{},"Reverses the order of items in a list",[33,73252,73253],{},"Changes the original list directly",[33,73255,11082,73256],{},[15,73257,3429],{},[33,73259,73260],{},"Works only on list objects",[20,73262,506],{},[65,73264,73266],{"className":67,"code":73265,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\"]\nletters.reverse()\nprint(letters)\n",[15,73267,73268,73308,73318],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,73269,73270,73272,73274,73276,73278,73280,73282,73284,73286,73288,73290,73292,73294,73296,73298,73300,73302,73304,73306],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,73271,35746],{"class":80},[74,73273,85],{"class":84},[74,73275,3271],{"class":106},[74,73277,122],{"class":88},[74,73279,125],{"class":92},[74,73281,122],{"class":88},[74,73283,249],{"class":106},[74,73285,89],{"class":88},[74,73287,4412],{"class":92},[74,73289,122],{"class":88},[74,73291,249],{"class":106},[74,73293,89],{"class":88},[74,73295,9396],{"class":92},[74,73297,122],{"class":88},[74,73299,249],{"class":106},[74,73301,89],{"class":88},[74,73303,18422],{"class":92},[74,73305,122],{"class":88},[74,73307,3284],{"class":106},[74,73309,73310,73312,73314,73316],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,73311,35799],{"class":80},[74,73313,114],{"class":106},[74,73315,73216],{"class":110},[74,73317,8299],{"class":106},[74,73319,73320,73322,73324,73326],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,73321,103],{"class":102},[74,73323,107],{"class":106},[74,73325,35799],{"class":110},[74,73327,260],{"class":106},[20,73329,157],{},[65,73331,73333],{"className":67,"code":73332,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"['d', 'c', 'b', 'a']\n",[15,73334,73335],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,73336,73337,73339,73341,73343,73345,73347,73349,73351,73353,73355,73357,73359,73361,73363,73365,73367,73369],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,73338,742],{"class":106},[74,73340,2946],{"class":88},[74,73342,18422],{"class":92},[74,73344,2946],{"class":88},[74,73346,249],{"class":106},[74,73348,2941],{"class":88},[74,73350,9396],{"class":92},[74,73352,2946],{"class":88},[74,73354,249],{"class":106},[74,73356,2941],{"class":88},[74,73358,4412],{"class":92},[74,73360,2946],{"class":88},[74,73362,249],{"class":106},[74,73364,2941],{"class":88},[74,73366,125],{"class":92},[74,73368,2946],{"class":88},[74,73370,3284],{"class":106},[60,73372,227],{"id":226},[20,73374,1802],{},[65,73376,73378],{"className":67,"code":73377,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"my_list.reverse()\n",[15,73379,73380],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,73381,73382,73384,73386,73388],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,73383,7997],{"class":80},[74,73385,114],{"class":106},[74,73387,73216],{"class":110},[74,73389,8299],{"class":106},[20,73391,195],{},[30,73393,73394,73397,73400],{},[33,73395,73396],{},"No arguments are needed",[33,73398,73399],{},"You call it on an existing list",[33,73401,73402],{},"It only works on lists",[20,73404,506],{},[65,73406,73408],{"className":67,"code":73407,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.reverse()\nprint(colors)\n",[15,73409,73410,73442,73452],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,73411,73412,73414,73416,73418,73420,73422,73424,73426,73428,73430,73432,73434,73436,73438,73440],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,73413,12732],{"class":80},[74,73415,85],{"class":84},[74,73417,3271],{"class":106},[74,73419,122],{"class":88},[74,73421,12749],{"class":92},[74,73423,122],{"class":88},[74,73425,249],{"class":106},[74,73427,89],{"class":88},[74,73429,17110],{"class":92},[74,73431,122],{"class":88},[74,73433,249],{"class":106},[74,73435,89],{"class":88},[74,73437,12766],{"class":92},[74,73439,122],{"class":88},[74,73441,3284],{"class":106},[74,73443,73444,73446,73448,73450],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,73445,17157],{"class":80},[74,73447,114],{"class":106},[74,73449,73216],{"class":110},[74,73451,8299],{"class":106},[74,73453,73454,73456,73458,73460],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,73455,103],{"class":102},[74,73457,107],{"class":106},[74,73459,17157],{"class":110},[74,73461,260],{"class":106},[20,73463,157],{},[65,73465,73467],{"className":67,"code":73466,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"['blue', 'green', 'red']\n",[15,73468,73469],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,73470,73471,73473,73475,73477,73479,73481,73483,73485,73487,73489,73491,73493,73495],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,73472,742],{"class":106},[74,73474,2946],{"class":88},[74,73476,12766],{"class":92},[74,73478,2946],{"class":88},[74,73480,249],{"class":106},[74,73482,2941],{"class":88},[74,73484,17110],{"class":92},[74,73486,2946],{"class":88},[74,73488,249],{"class":106},[74,73490,2941],{"class":88},[74,73492,12749],{"class":92},[74,73494,2946],{"class":88},[74,73496,3284],{"class":106},[60,73498,357],{"id":356},[20,73500,73501],{},"Start with a list in normal order:",[65,73503,73505],{"className":67,"code":73504,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,73506,73507,73531,73541],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,73508,73509,73511,73513,73515,73517,73519,73521,73523,73525,73527,73529],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,73510,3266],{"class":80},[74,73512,85],{"class":84},[74,73514,3271],{"class":106},[74,73516,1972],{"class":167},[74,73518,249],{"class":106},[74,73520,7446],{"class":167},[74,73522,249],{"class":106},[74,73524,7451],{"class":167},[74,73526,249],{"class":106},[74,73528,50495],{"class":167},[74,73530,3284],{"class":106},[74,73532,73533,73535,73537,73539],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,73534,3298],{"class":80},[74,73536,114],{"class":106},[74,73538,73216],{"class":110},[74,73540,8299],{"class":106},[74,73542,73543,73545,73547,73549],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,73544,103],{"class":102},[74,73546,107],{"class":106},[74,73548,3298],{"class":110},[74,73550,260],{"class":106},[20,73552,157],{},[65,73554,73556],{"className":67,"code":73555,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"[40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,73557,73558],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,73559,73560,73562,73564,73566,73568,73570,73572,73574,73576],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,73561,742],{"class":106},[74,73563,56345],{"class":167},[74,73565,249],{"class":106},[74,73567,7451],{"class":167},[74,73569,249],{"class":106},[74,73571,7446],{"class":167},[74,73573,249],{"class":106},[74,73575,5656],{"class":167},[74,73577,3284],{"class":106},[20,73579,11341],{},[30,73581,73582,73588,73593],{},[33,73583,73584,73585],{},"The list starts as ",[15,73586,73587],{},"[10, 20, 30, 40]",[33,73589,73590,73592],{},[15,73591,73160],{}," flips the order",[33,73594,73595],{},"Printing the same list shows the updated result",[60,73597,73599,73601],{"id":73598},"reverse-changes-the-original-list",[15,73600,73160],{}," changes the original list",[20,73603,73604,73605,73608],{},"This method is ",[332,73606,73607],{},"in-place",". That means the list itself is changed.",[65,73610,73612],{"className":67,"code":73611,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nfruits.reverse()\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,73613,73614,73646,73656,73660],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,73615,73616,73618,73620,73622,73624,73626,73628,73630,73632,73634,73636,73638,73640,73642,73644],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,73617,35895],{"class":80},[74,73619,85],{"class":84},[74,73621,3271],{"class":106},[74,73623,122],{"class":88},[74,73625,376],{"class":92},[74,73627,122],{"class":88},[74,73629,249],{"class":106},[74,73631,89],{"class":88},[74,73633,93],{"class":92},[74,73635,122],{"class":88},[74,73637,249],{"class":106},[74,73639,89],{"class":88},[74,73641,3747],{"class":92},[74,73643,122],{"class":88},[74,73645,3284],{"class":106},[74,73647,73648,73650,73652,73654],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,73649,35947],{"class":80},[74,73651,114],{"class":106},[74,73653,73216],{"class":110},[74,73655,8299],{"class":106},[74,73657,73658],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,73659,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,73661,73662,73664,73666,73668],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,73663,103],{"class":102},[74,73665,107],{"class":106},[74,73667,35947],{"class":110},[74,73669,260],{"class":106},[20,73671,157],{},[65,73673,73675],{"className":67,"code":73674,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,73676,73677],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,73678,73679,73681,73683,73685,73687,73689,73691,73693,73695,73697,73699,73701,73703],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,73680,742],{"class":106},[74,73682,2946],{"class":88},[74,73684,3747],{"class":92},[74,73686,2946],{"class":88},[74,73688,249],{"class":106},[74,73690,2941],{"class":88},[74,73692,93],{"class":92},[74,73694,2946],{"class":88},[74,73696,249],{"class":106},[74,73698,2941],{"class":88},[74,73700,376],{"class":92},[74,73702,2946],{"class":88},[74,73704,3284],{"class":106},[20,73706,176,73707,73709],{},[15,73708,73160],{}," when you want to modify the current list.",[20,73711,73712],{},"If you need a new reversed list and want to keep the original unchanged, use slicing:",[65,73714,73716],{"className":67,"code":73715,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nreversed_fruits = fruits[::-1]\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(reversed_fruits)\n",[15,73717,73718,73750,73768,73772,73782],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,73719,73720,73722,73724,73726,73728,73730,73732,73734,73736,73738,73740,73742,73744,73746,73748],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,73721,35895],{"class":80},[74,73723,85],{"class":84},[74,73725,3271],{"class":106},[74,73727,122],{"class":88},[74,73729,376],{"class":92},[74,73731,122],{"class":88},[74,73733,249],{"class":106},[74,73735,89],{"class":88},[74,73737,93],{"class":92},[74,73739,122],{"class":88},[74,73741,249],{"class":106},[74,73743,89],{"class":88},[74,73745,3747],{"class":92},[74,73747,122],{"class":88},[74,73749,3284],{"class":106},[74,73751,73752,73755,73757,73759,73762,73764,73766],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,73753,73754],{"class":80},"reversed_fruits ",[74,73756,85],{"class":84},[74,73758,52503],{"class":80},[74,73760,73761],{"class":106},"[::",[74,73763,1669],{"class":84},[74,73765,2632],{"class":167},[74,73767,3284],{"class":106},[74,73769,73770],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,73771,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,73773,73774,73776,73778,73780],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,73775,103],{"class":102},[74,73777,107],{"class":106},[74,73779,35947],{"class":110},[74,73781,260],{"class":106},[74,73783,73784,73786,73788,73791],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,73785,103],{"class":102},[74,73787,107],{"class":106},[74,73789,73790],{"class":110},"reversed_fruits",[74,73792,260],{"class":106},[20,73794,157],{},[65,73796,73798],{"className":67,"code":73797,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,73799,73800,73828],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,73801,73802,73804,73806,73808,73810,73812,73814,73816,73818,73820,73822,73824,73826],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,73803,742],{"class":106},[74,73805,2946],{"class":88},[74,73807,376],{"class":92},[74,73809,2946],{"class":88},[74,73811,249],{"class":106},[74,73813,2941],{"class":88},[74,73815,93],{"class":92},[74,73817,2946],{"class":88},[74,73819,249],{"class":106},[74,73821,2941],{"class":88},[74,73823,3747],{"class":92},[74,73825,2946],{"class":88},[74,73827,3284],{"class":106},[74,73829,73830,73832,73834,73836,73838,73840,73842,73844,73846,73848,73850,73852,73854],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,73831,742],{"class":106},[74,73833,2946],{"class":88},[74,73835,3747],{"class":92},[74,73837,2946],{"class":88},[74,73839,249],{"class":106},[74,73841,2941],{"class":88},[74,73843,93],{"class":92},[74,73845,2946],{"class":88},[74,73847,249],{"class":106},[74,73849,2941],{"class":88},[74,73851,376],{"class":92},[74,73853,2946],{"class":88},[74,73855,3284],{"class":106},[20,73857,73858,73859,114],{},"If you want to learn more about this pattern, see ",[125,73860,73861],{"href":73178},"Python list slicing explained",[60,73863,73865],{"id":73864},"common-beginner-mistake-assigning-the-result","Common beginner mistake: assigning the result",[20,73867,73868],{},"A very common mistake is writing code like this:",[65,73870,73872],{"className":67,"code":73871,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_list = numbers.reverse()\n\nprint(new_list)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,73873,73874,73894,73908,73912,73923],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,73875,73876,73878,73880,73882,73884,73886,73888,73890,73892],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,73877,3266],{"class":80},[74,73879,85],{"class":84},[74,73881,3271],{"class":106},[74,73883,2632],{"class":167},[74,73885,249],{"class":106},[74,73887,620],{"class":167},[74,73889,249],{"class":106},[74,73891,2094],{"class":167},[74,73893,3284],{"class":106},[74,73895,73896,73898,73900,73902,73904,73906],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,73897,55542],{"class":80},[74,73899,85],{"class":84},[74,73901,3914],{"class":80},[74,73903,114],{"class":106},[74,73905,73216],{"class":110},[74,73907,8299],{"class":106},[74,73909,73910],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,73911,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,73913,73914,73916,73918,73921],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,73915,103],{"class":102},[74,73917,107],{"class":106},[74,73919,73920],{"class":110},"new_list",[74,73922,260],{"class":106},[74,73924,73925,73927,73929,73931],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,73926,103],{"class":102},[74,73928,107],{"class":106},[74,73930,3298],{"class":110},[74,73932,260],{"class":106},[20,73934,157],{},[65,73936,73938],{"className":67,"code":73937,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"None\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,73939,73940,73944],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,73941,73942],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,73943,11466],{"class":3504},[74,73945,73946,73948,73950,73952,73954,73956,73958],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,73947,742],{"class":106},[74,73949,321],{"class":167},[74,73951,249],{"class":106},[74,73953,620],{"class":167},[74,73955,249],{"class":106},[74,73957,5148],{"class":167},[74,73959,3284],{"class":106},[20,73961,11558],{},[30,73963,73964,73972,73976],{},[33,73965,73966,73968,73969,73971],{},[15,73967,73160],{}," changes ",[15,73970,3298],{}," directly",[33,73973,330,73974,71479],{},[332,73975,334],{},[33,73977,53305,73978,41810,73980],{},[15,73979,73920],{},[15,73981,3429],{},[20,73983,61545],{},[65,73985,73987],{"className":67,"code":73986,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,73988,73989,74009,74019,74023],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,73990,73991,73993,73995,73997,73999,74001,74003,74005,74007],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,73992,3266],{"class":80},[74,73994,85],{"class":84},[74,73996,3271],{"class":106},[74,73998,2632],{"class":167},[74,74000,249],{"class":106},[74,74002,620],{"class":167},[74,74004,249],{"class":106},[74,74006,2094],{"class":167},[74,74008,3284],{"class":106},[74,74010,74011,74013,74015,74017],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,74012,3298],{"class":80},[74,74014,114],{"class":106},[74,74016,73216],{"class":110},[74,74018,8299],{"class":106},[74,74020,74021],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,74022,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,74024,74025,74027,74029,74031],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,74026,103],{"class":102},[74,74028,107],{"class":106},[74,74030,3298],{"class":110},[74,74032,260],{"class":106},[20,74034,157],{},[65,74036,74038],{"className":67,"code":74037,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,74039,74040],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,74041,74042,74044,74046,74048,74050,74052,74054],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,74043,742],{"class":106},[74,74045,321],{"class":167},[74,74047,249],{"class":106},[74,74049,620],{"class":167},[74,74051,249],{"class":106},[74,74053,5148],{"class":167},[74,74055,3284],{"class":106},[60,74057,74059,10243,74061,74064],{"id":74058},"reverse-vs-sorted-vs-slicing",[15,74060,73160],{},[15,74062,74063],{},"sorted()"," vs slicing",[20,74066,74067],{},"These are similar, but they do different jobs.",[262,74069,74070],{"id":73216},[15,74071,73160],{},[20,74073,74074,74076],{},[15,74075,73160],{}," flips the current order of the list.",[65,74078,74080],{"className":67,"code":74079,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74081,74082,74102,74112],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,74083,74084,74086,74088,74090,74092,74094,74096,74098,74100],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,74085,3266],{"class":80},[74,74087,85],{"class":84},[74,74089,3271],{"class":106},[74,74091,321],{"class":167},[74,74093,249],{"class":106},[74,74095,5148],{"class":167},[74,74097,249],{"class":106},[74,74099,620],{"class":167},[74,74101,3284],{"class":106},[74,74103,74104,74106,74108,74110],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,74105,3298],{"class":80},[74,74107,114],{"class":106},[74,74109,73216],{"class":110},[74,74111,8299],{"class":106},[74,74113,74114,74116,74118,74120],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,74115,103],{"class":102},[74,74117,107],{"class":106},[74,74119,3298],{"class":110},[74,74121,260],{"class":106},[20,74123,157],{},[65,74125,74127],{"className":67,"code":74126,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,74128,74129],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,74130,74131,74133,74135,74137,74139,74141,74143],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,74132,742],{"class":106},[74,74134,687],{"class":167},[74,74136,249],{"class":106},[74,74138,5148],{"class":167},[74,74140,249],{"class":106},[74,74142,2094],{"class":167},[74,74144,3284],{"class":106},[20,74146,74147,74148,74150],{},"Notice that this is ",[332,74149,334],{}," sorted order. It is just the original list backward.",[262,74152,74154],{"id":74153},"sorted",[15,74155,74063],{},[20,74157,74158,74163],{},[125,74159,74161],{"href":74160},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained\u002F",[15,74162,74063],{}," returns a new list in sorted order.",[65,74165,74167],{"className":67,"code":74166,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,74168,74169,74189,74204,74208,74218],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,74170,74171,74173,74175,74177,74179,74181,74183,74185,74187],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,74172,3266],{"class":80},[74,74174,85],{"class":84},[74,74176,3271],{"class":106},[74,74178,321],{"class":167},[74,74180,249],{"class":106},[74,74182,5148],{"class":167},[74,74184,249],{"class":106},[74,74186,620],{"class":167},[74,74188,3284],{"class":106},[74,74190,74191,74193,74195,74198,74200,74202],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,74192,383],{"class":80},[74,74194,85],{"class":84},[74,74196,74197],{"class":102}," sorted",[74,74199,107],{"class":106},[74,74201,3298],{"class":110},[74,74203,260],{"class":106},[74,74205,74206],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,74207,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,74209,74210,74212,74214,74216],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,74211,103],{"class":102},[74,74213,107],{"class":106},[74,74215,3298],{"class":110},[74,74217,260],{"class":106},[74,74219,74220,74222,74224,74226],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,74221,103],{"class":102},[74,74223,107],{"class":106},[74,74225,418],{"class":110},[74,74227,260],{"class":106},[20,74229,157],{},[65,74231,74233],{"className":67,"code":74232,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"[3, 1, 2]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,74234,74235,74251],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,74236,74237,74239,74241,74243,74245,74247,74249],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,74238,742],{"class":106},[74,74240,321],{"class":167},[74,74242,249],{"class":106},[74,74244,5148],{"class":167},[74,74246,249],{"class":106},[74,74248,620],{"class":167},[74,74250,3284],{"class":106},[74,74252,74253,74255,74257,74259,74261,74263,74265],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,74254,742],{"class":106},[74,74256,2632],{"class":167},[74,74258,249],{"class":106},[74,74260,620],{"class":167},[74,74262,249],{"class":106},[74,74264,2094],{"class":167},[74,74266,3284],{"class":106},[20,74268,74269,74270,114],{},"If you want descending sorted order, you can use ",[15,74271,74272],{},"sorted(numbers, reverse=True)",[262,74274,74276],{"id":74275},"slicing","Slicing",[20,74278,74279,74280,74283],{},"Slicing with ",[15,74281,74282],{},"[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy.",[65,74285,74287],{"className":67,"code":74286,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers[::-1]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,74288,74289,74309,74325,74329,74339],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,74290,74291,74293,74295,74297,74299,74301,74303,74305,74307],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,74292,3266],{"class":80},[74,74294,85],{"class":84},[74,74296,3271],{"class":106},[74,74298,321],{"class":167},[74,74300,249],{"class":106},[74,74302,5148],{"class":167},[74,74304,249],{"class":106},[74,74306,620],{"class":167},[74,74308,3284],{"class":106},[74,74310,74311,74313,74315,74317,74319,74321,74323],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,74312,383],{"class":80},[74,74314,85],{"class":84},[74,74316,3914],{"class":80},[74,74318,73761],{"class":106},[74,74320,1669],{"class":84},[74,74322,2632],{"class":167},[74,74324,3284],{"class":106},[74,74326,74327],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,74328,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,74330,74331,74333,74335,74337],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,74332,103],{"class":102},[74,74334,107],{"class":106},[74,74336,3298],{"class":110},[74,74338,260],{"class":106},[74,74340,74341,74343,74345,74347],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,74342,103],{"class":102},[74,74344,107],{"class":106},[74,74346,418],{"class":110},[74,74348,260],{"class":106},[20,74350,157],{},[65,74352,74354],{"className":67,"code":74353,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"[3, 1, 2]\n[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,74355,74356,74372],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,74357,74358,74360,74362,74364,74366,74368,74370],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,74359,742],{"class":106},[74,74361,321],{"class":167},[74,74363,249],{"class":106},[74,74365,5148],{"class":167},[74,74367,249],{"class":106},[74,74369,620],{"class":167},[74,74371,3284],{"class":106},[74,74373,74374,74376,74378,74380,74382,74384,74386],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,74375,742],{"class":106},[74,74377,687],{"class":167},[74,74379,249],{"class":106},[74,74381,5148],{"class":167},[74,74383,249],{"class":106},[74,74385,2094],{"class":167},[74,74387,3284],{"class":106},[262,74389,74391],{"id":74390},"quick-comparison","Quick comparison",[30,74393,74394,74399,74404],{},[33,74395,176,74396,74398],{},[15,74397,73160],{}," when you want to change the original list",[33,74400,176,74401,74403],{},[15,74402,74282],{}," when you want a reversed copy",[33,74405,176,74406,74408],{},[15,74407,74063],{}," when you want items in sorted order",[20,74410,74411,74412,74418],{},"You may also want to compare this with the ",[125,74413,74415,74416,10399],{"href":74414},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method\u002F","list ",[15,74417,63958],{},", which sorts a list in place instead of reversing it.",[60,74420,1260,74422],{"id":74421},"when-to-use-reverse",[15,74423,73160],{},[20,74425,74426,74428],{},[15,74427,73160],{}," is a good choice:",[30,74430,74431,74434,74437],{},[33,74432,74433],{},"When the list is already in the order you want to flip",[33,74435,74436],{},"When changing the original list is acceptable",[33,74438,74439],{},"When you want a simple built-in way to reverse items",[20,74441,74442,74443,114],{},"For a task-focused guide with multiple ways to do this, see ",[125,74444,74446],{"href":74445},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-reverse-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to reverse a list in Python",[60,74448,914],{"id":913},[20,74450,74451,74452,74454],{},"Beginners often run into problems with ",[15,74453,73160],{}," for these reasons:",[30,74456,74457,74461,74466,74471],{},[33,74458,12253,74459,12256],{},[15,74460,73160],{},[33,74462,923,74463,74465],{},[15,74464,73160],{}," to sort values from highest to lowest",[33,74467,571,74468,74470],{},[15,74469,73160],{}," on a string or tuple instead of a list",[33,74472,1123,74473,1126,74475],{},[15,74474,73160],{},[15,74476,74477],{},"reversed()",[20,74479,74480],{},"Here is an example of using it on the wrong type:",[65,74482,74484],{"className":67,"code":74483,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.reverse()\n",[15,74485,74486,74498],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,74487,74488,74490,74492,74494,74496],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,74489,81],{"class":80},[74,74491,85],{"class":84},[74,74493,89],{"class":88},[74,74495,3497],{"class":92},[74,74497,96],{"class":88},[74,74499,74500,74502,74504,74506],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,74501,111],{"class":80},[74,74503,114],{"class":106},[74,74505,73216],{"class":110},[74,74507,8299],{"class":106},[20,74509,74510,74511,33258],{},"This causes an error because strings do not have a ",[15,74512,73160],{},[20,74514,74515],{},"If you are not sure what type a variable is, check it first:",[65,74517,74519],{"className":67,"code":74518,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\n\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,74520,74521,74541,74545,74555,74569,74573,74587,74597,74601],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,74522,74523,74525,74527,74529,74531,74533,74535,74537,74539],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,74524,7966],{"class":80},[74,74526,85],{"class":84},[74,74528,3271],{"class":106},[74,74530,2632],{"class":167},[74,74532,249],{"class":106},[74,74534,620],{"class":167},[74,74536,249],{"class":106},[74,74538,2094],{"class":167},[74,74540,3284],{"class":106},[74,74542,74543],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,74544,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,74546,74547,74549,74551,74553],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,74548,103],{"class":102},[74,74550,107],{"class":106},[74,74552,7997],{"class":110},[74,74554,260],{"class":106},[74,74556,74557,74559,74561,74563,74565,74567],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,74558,103],{"class":102},[74,74560,107],{"class":106},[74,74562,1346],{"class":1345},[74,74564,107],{"class":106},[74,74566,7997],{"class":110},[74,74568,130],{"class":106},[74,74570,74571],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,74572,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,74574,74575,74577,74579,74581,74583,74585],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,74576,383],{"class":80},[74,74578,85],{"class":84},[74,74580,8054],{"class":80},[74,74582,114],{"class":106},[74,74584,73216],{"class":110},[74,74586,8299],{"class":106},[74,74588,74589,74591,74593,74595],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,74590,103],{"class":102},[74,74592,107],{"class":106},[74,74594,418],{"class":110},[74,74596,260],{"class":106},[74,74598,74599],{"class":76,"line":6079},[74,74600,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,74602,74603,74605,74607,74609,74611,74613,74615],{"class":76,"line":6085},[74,74604,103],{"class":102},[74,74606,107],{"class":106},[74,74608,7997],{"class":110},[74,74610,73761],{"class":106},[74,74612,1669],{"class":84},[74,74614,2632],{"class":167},[74,74616,751],{"class":106},[20,74618,157],{},[65,74620,74622],{"className":67,"code":74621,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[1, 2, 1]\n",[15,74623,74624,74640,74654,74658],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,74625,74626,74628,74630,74632,74634,74636,74638],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,74627,742],{"class":106},[74,74629,2632],{"class":167},[74,74631,249],{"class":106},[74,74633,620],{"class":167},[74,74635,249],{"class":106},[74,74637,2094],{"class":167},[74,74639,3284],{"class":106},[74,74641,74642,74644,74646,74648,74650,74652],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,74643,2935],{"class":84},[74,74645,2938],{"class":1711},[74,74647,2941],{"class":88},[74,74649,7751],{"class":92},[74,74651,2946],{"class":88},[74,74653,2949],{"class":84},[74,74655,74656],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,74657,11466],{"class":3504},[74,74659,74660,74662,74664,74666,74668,74670,74672],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,74661,742],{"class":106},[74,74663,2632],{"class":167},[74,74665,249],{"class":106},[74,74667,620],{"class":167},[74,74669,249],{"class":106},[74,74671,5148],{"class":167},[74,74673,3284],{"class":106},[20,74675,74676],{},"Wait — the last output above would be wrong for that list, so here is the correct runnable example:",[65,74678,74680],{"className":67,"code":74679,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\nprint(my_list)\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,74681,74682,74702,74706,74716,74730,74734,74748,74758,74768],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,74683,74684,74686,74688,74690,74692,74694,74696,74698,74700],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,74685,7966],{"class":80},[74,74687,85],{"class":84},[74,74689,3271],{"class":106},[74,74691,2632],{"class":167},[74,74693,249],{"class":106},[74,74695,620],{"class":167},[74,74697,249],{"class":106},[74,74699,2094],{"class":167},[74,74701,3284],{"class":106},[74,74703,74704],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,74705,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,74707,74708,74710,74712,74714],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,74709,103],{"class":102},[74,74711,107],{"class":106},[74,74713,7997],{"class":110},[74,74715,260],{"class":106},[74,74717,74718,74720,74722,74724,74726,74728],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,74719,103],{"class":102},[74,74721,107],{"class":106},[74,74723,1346],{"class":1345},[74,74725,107],{"class":106},[74,74727,7997],{"class":110},[74,74729,130],{"class":106},[74,74731,74732],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,74733,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,74735,74736,74738,74740,74742,74744,74746],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,74737,383],{"class":80},[74,74739,85],{"class":84},[74,74741,8054],{"class":80},[74,74743,114],{"class":106},[74,74745,73216],{"class":110},[74,74747,8299],{"class":106},[74,74749,74750,74752,74754,74756],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,74751,103],{"class":102},[74,74753,107],{"class":106},[74,74755,418],{"class":110},[74,74757,260],{"class":106},[74,74759,74760,74762,74764,74766],{"class":76,"line":6079},[74,74761,103],{"class":102},[74,74763,107],{"class":106},[74,74765,7997],{"class":110},[74,74767,260],{"class":106},[74,74769,74770,74772,74774,74776,74778,74780,74782],{"class":76,"line":6085},[74,74771,103],{"class":102},[74,74773,107],{"class":106},[74,74775,7997],{"class":110},[74,74777,73761],{"class":106},[74,74779,1669],{"class":84},[74,74781,2632],{"class":167},[74,74783,751],{"class":106},[20,74785,157],{},[65,74787,74789],{"className":67,"code":74788,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[3, 2, 1]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,74790,74791,74807,74821,74825,74841],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,74792,74793,74795,74797,74799,74801,74803,74805],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,74794,742],{"class":106},[74,74796,2632],{"class":167},[74,74798,249],{"class":106},[74,74800,620],{"class":167},[74,74802,249],{"class":106},[74,74804,2094],{"class":167},[74,74806,3284],{"class":106},[74,74808,74809,74811,74813,74815,74817,74819],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,74810,2935],{"class":84},[74,74812,2938],{"class":1711},[74,74814,2941],{"class":88},[74,74816,7751],{"class":92},[74,74818,2946],{"class":88},[74,74820,2949],{"class":84},[74,74822,74823],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,74824,11466],{"class":3504},[74,74826,74827,74829,74831,74833,74835,74837,74839],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,74828,742],{"class":106},[74,74830,321],{"class":167},[74,74832,249],{"class":106},[74,74834,620],{"class":167},[74,74836,249],{"class":106},[74,74838,5148],{"class":167},[74,74840,3284],{"class":106},[74,74842,74843,74845,74847,74849,74851,74853,74855],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,74844,742],{"class":106},[74,74846,2632],{"class":167},[74,74848,249],{"class":106},[74,74850,620],{"class":167},[74,74852,249],{"class":106},[74,74854,2094],{"class":167},[74,74856,3284],{"class":106},[20,74858,74859],{},"Notice the last line carefully:",[30,74861,74862,74871,74880],{},[33,74863,27450,74864,74867,74868],{},[15,74865,74866],{},"my_list.reverse()",", the list becomes ",[15,74869,74870],{},"[3, 2, 1]",[33,74872,11574,74873,74876,74877,22216],{},[15,74874,74875],{},"my_list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy of the ",[332,74878,74879],{},"current",[33,74881,74882,74883],{},"So it prints ",[15,74884,74885],{},"[1, 2, 3]",[60,74887,1471],{"id":1470},[262,74889,1517,74891,55121],{"id":74890},"does-listreverse-return-a-new-list",[15,74892,73165],{},[20,74894,62250,74895,114],{},[15,74896,3429],{},[262,74898,33863,74900,33866,74902,2135],{"id":74899},"how-is-reverse-different-from-sortedreversetrue",[15,74901,73160],{},[15,74903,74904],{},"sorted(reverse=True)",[20,74906,74907,74909],{},[15,74908,73160],{}," only flips the current order.",[20,74911,74912,74914],{},[15,74913,74904],{}," sorts the items first, then returns them in descending order.",[262,74916,27983,74918,74920],{"id":74917},"can-i-use-reverse-on-a-tuple-or-string",[15,74919,73160],{}," on a tuple or string?",[20,74922,46019,74923,74925],{},[15,74924,73160],{}," is a list method. Tuples and strings do not have this method.",[262,74927,74929],{"id":74928},"how-do-i-reverse-a-list-without-changing-the-original","How do I reverse a list without changing the original?",[20,74931,74932],{},"Use slicing:",[65,74934,74936],{"className":67,"code":74935,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"my_list[::-1]\n",[15,74937,74938],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,74939,74940,74942,74944,74946,74948],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,74941,7997],{"class":80},[74,74943,73761],{"class":106},[74,74945,1669],{"class":84},[74,74947,2632],{"class":167},[74,74949,3284],{"class":106},[20,74951,74952],{},"Or use:",[65,74954,74956],{"className":67,"code":74955,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"list(reversed(my_list))\n",[15,74957,74958],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,74959,74960,74962,74964,74967,74969,74971],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,74961,7751],{"class":1345},[74,74963,107],{"class":106},[74,74965,74966],{"class":102},"reversed",[74,74968,107],{"class":106},[74,74970,7997],{"class":110},[74,74972,130],{"class":106},[20,74974,74975,74976,74980],{},"If you need to keep a separate version of a list before changing it, ",[125,74977,55172,74978],{"href":54612},[15,74979,12435],{}," can also help.",[60,74982,1527],{"id":1526},[30,74984,74985,74991,74997,75001,75005],{},[33,74986,74987],{},[125,74988,55172,74989,10399],{"href":74414},[15,74990,63958],{},[33,74992,74993],{},[125,74994,3223,74995,3156],{"href":74160},[15,74996,74063],{},[33,74998,74999],{},[125,75000,74446],{"href":74445},[33,75002,75003],{},[125,75004,73861],{"href":73178},[33,75006,75007],{},[125,75008,55172,75009,10399],{"href":54612},[15,75010,12435],{},[1566,75012,75013],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":70,"searchDepth":99,"depth":99,"links":75015},[75016,75017,75019,75020,75021,75023,75024,75031,75033,75034,75043],{"id":3255,"depth":99,"text":3256},{"id":73239,"depth":99,"text":75018},"What list.reverse() does",{"id":226,"depth":99,"text":227},{"id":356,"depth":99,"text":357},{"id":73598,"depth":99,"text":75022},"reverse() changes the original list",{"id":73864,"depth":99,"text":73865},{"id":74058,"depth":99,"text":75025,"children":75026},"reverse() vs sorted() vs slicing",[75027,75028,75029,75030],{"id":73216,"depth":133,"text":73160},{"id":74153,"depth":133,"text":74063},{"id":74275,"depth":133,"text":74276},{"id":74390,"depth":133,"text":74391},{"id":74421,"depth":99,"text":75032},"When to use reverse()",{"id":913,"depth":99,"text":914},{"id":1470,"depth":99,"text":1471,"children":75035},[75036,75038,75040,75042],{"id":74890,"depth":133,"text":75037},"Does list.reverse() return a new list?",{"id":74899,"depth":133,"text":75039},"How is reverse() different from sorted(reverse=True)?",{"id":74917,"depth":133,"text":75041},"Can I use reverse() on a tuple or string?",{"id":74928,"depth":133,"text":74929},{"id":1526,"depth":99,"text":1527},"Master python list reverse method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method",{"title":73152,"description":75044},"reference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method","GoeoBvCO4O891oJThYue_Af4uTq12-LuXTFyhK08BAs",{"id":75051,"title":75052,"body":75053,"description":77484,"extension":1610,"meta":77485,"navigation":407,"path":77486,"seo":77487,"stem":77488,"__hash__":77489},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained.md","Python List Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":75054,"toc":77452},[75055,75058,75070,75073,75096,75104,75106,75218,75227,75231,75234,75237,75324,75326,75359,75361,75383,75389,75393,75396,75418,75420,75437,75440,75460,75462,75572,75574,75651,75655,75658,75700,75702,75835,75837,75939,75944,75948,75951,75953,75967,75970,76084,76086,76160,76162,76190,76194,76199,76229,76232,76358,76360,76442,76448,76452,76454,76493,76502,76506,76509,76513,76560,76562,76570,76574,76625,76627,76640,76642,76656,76659,76667,76669,76716,76718,76726,76729,76772,76777,76780,76783,76806,76810,76861,76864,76885,76895,76899,76901,76931,76934,76957,76961,76964,77031,77033,77070,77073,77081,77148,77150,77187,77193,77200,77204,77207,77237,77242,77246,77249,77273,77276,77370,77380,77382,77386,77389,77393,77396,77401,77404,77410,77413,77415,77443,77449],[10,75056,75052],{"id":75057},"python-list-slicing-explained",[20,75059,75060,75061,220,75063,16730,75066,75069],{},"List slicing lets you get part of a list in Python. It is a very common pattern, and once you understand ",[15,75062,50],{},[15,75064,75065],{},"stop",[15,75067,75068],{},"step",", it becomes much easier to read and write Python code.",[20,75071,75072],{},"The basic slice form is:",[65,75074,75076],{"className":67,"code":75075,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"my_list[start:stop:step]\n",[15,75077,75078],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,75079,75080,75082,75084,75086,75088,75090,75092,75094],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,75081,7997],{"class":80},[74,75083,742],{"class":106},[74,75085,50],{"class":80},[74,75087,679],{"class":106},[74,75089,75065],{"class":80},[74,75091,679],{"class":106},[74,75093,75068],{"class":80},[74,75095,3284],{"class":106},[20,75097,75098,75099,75101,75102,114],{},"You can leave out parts of the slice, and Python will use default values. One important rule to remember is that the ",[15,75100,75065],{}," position is ",[332,75103,64713],{},[60,75105,63],{"id":62},[65,75107,75109],{"className":67,"code":75108,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # [20, 30, 40]\nprint(numbers[:3])    # [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers[::2])   # [10, 30, 50]\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,75110,75111,75139,75143,75164,75182,75199],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,75112,75113,75115,75117,75119,75121,75123,75125,75127,75129,75131,75133,75135,75137],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,75114,3266],{"class":80},[74,75116,85],{"class":84},[74,75118,3271],{"class":106},[74,75120,1972],{"class":167},[74,75122,249],{"class":106},[74,75124,7446],{"class":167},[74,75126,249],{"class":106},[74,75128,7451],{"class":167},[74,75130,249],{"class":106},[74,75132,50495],{"class":167},[74,75134,249],{"class":106},[74,75136,4732],{"class":167},[74,75138,3284],{"class":106},[74,75140,75141],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,75142,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,75144,75145,75147,75149,75151,75153,75155,75157,75159,75161],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,75146,103],{"class":102},[74,75148,107],{"class":106},[74,75150,3298],{"class":110},[74,75152,742],{"class":106},[74,75154,2632],{"class":167},[74,75156,679],{"class":106},[74,75158,2148],{"class":167},[74,75160,20101],{"class":106},[74,75162,75163],{"class":3314},"   # [20, 30, 40]\n",[74,75165,75166,75168,75170,75172,75175,75177,75179],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,75167,103],{"class":102},[74,75169,107],{"class":106},[74,75171,3298],{"class":110},[74,75173,75174],{"class":106},"[:",[74,75176,321],{"class":167},[74,75178,20101],{"class":106},[74,75180,75181],{"class":3314},"    # [10, 20, 30]\n",[74,75183,75184,75186,75188,75190,75192,75194,75196],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,75185,103],{"class":102},[74,75187,107],{"class":106},[74,75189,3298],{"class":110},[74,75191,73761],{"class":106},[74,75193,687],{"class":167},[74,75195,20101],{"class":106},[74,75197,75198],{"class":3314},"   # [10, 30, 50]\n",[74,75200,75201,75203,75205,75207,75209,75211,75213,75215],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,75202,103],{"class":102},[74,75204,107],{"class":106},[74,75206,3298],{"class":110},[74,75208,73761],{"class":106},[74,75210,1669],{"class":84},[74,75212,2632],{"class":167},[74,75214,20101],{"class":106},[74,75216,75217],{"class":3314},"  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[20,75219,176,75220,75223,75224,75226],{},[15,75221,75222],{},"list[start:stop:step]",". The ",[15,75225,75065],{}," value is not included.",[60,75228,75230],{"id":75229},"what-list-slicing-means","What list slicing means",[20,75232,75233],{},"Slicing gets part of a list.",[20,75235,75236],{},"It uses square brackets with colons:",[65,75238,75240],{"className":67,"code":75239,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\npart = letters[1:4]\nprint(part)\n",[15,75241,75242,75290,75294,75313],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,75243,75244,75246,75248,75250,75252,75254,75256,75258,75260,75262,75264,75266,75268,75270,75272,75274,75276,75278,75280,75282,75284,75286,75288],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,75245,35746],{"class":80},[74,75247,85],{"class":84},[74,75249,3271],{"class":106},[74,75251,122],{"class":88},[74,75253,125],{"class":92},[74,75255,122],{"class":88},[74,75257,249],{"class":106},[74,75259,89],{"class":88},[74,75261,4412],{"class":92},[74,75263,122],{"class":88},[74,75265,249],{"class":106},[74,75267,89],{"class":88},[74,75269,9396],{"class":92},[74,75271,122],{"class":88},[74,75273,249],{"class":106},[74,75275,89],{"class":88},[74,75277,18422],{"class":92},[74,75279,122],{"class":88},[74,75281,249],{"class":106},[74,75283,89],{"class":88},[74,75285,60095],{"class":92},[74,75287,122],{"class":88},[74,75289,3284],{"class":106},[74,75291,75292],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,75293,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,75295,75296,75299,75301,75303,75305,75307,75309,75311],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,75297,75298],{"class":80},"part ",[74,75300,85],{"class":84},[74,75302,69737],{"class":80},[74,75304,742],{"class":106},[74,75306,2632],{"class":167},[74,75308,679],{"class":106},[74,75310,2148],{"class":167},[74,75312,3284],{"class":106},[74,75314,75315,75317,75319,75322],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,75316,103],{"class":102},[74,75318,107],{"class":106},[74,75320,75321],{"class":110},"part",[74,75323,260],{"class":106},[20,75325,157],{},[65,75327,75329],{"className":67,"code":75328,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"['b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,75330,75331],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,75332,75333,75335,75337,75339,75341,75343,75345,75347,75349,75351,75353,75355,75357],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,75334,742],{"class":106},[74,75336,2946],{"class":88},[74,75338,4412],{"class":92},[74,75340,2946],{"class":88},[74,75342,249],{"class":106},[74,75344,2941],{"class":88},[74,75346,9396],{"class":92},[74,75348,2946],{"class":88},[74,75350,249],{"class":106},[74,75352,2941],{"class":88},[74,75354,18422],{"class":92},[74,75356,2946],{"class":88},[74,75358,3284],{"class":106},[20,75360,195],{},[30,75362,75363,75366,75369,75375,75380],{},[33,75364,75365],{},"Slicing gets part of a list",[33,75367,75368],{},"It uses square brackets with colons",[33,75370,75371,75372],{},"Basic form: ",[15,75373,75374],{},"list[start:stop]",[33,75376,75377,75378,301],{},"The item at ",[15,75379,75065],{},[33,75381,75382],{},"Slicing returns a new list",[20,75384,75385,75386,114],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with lists, see the ",[125,75387,75388],{"href":50631},"beginner guide to Python lists",[60,75390,75392],{"id":75391},"how-slice-positions-work","How slice positions work",[20,75394,75395],{},"A slice can have up to three parts:",[65,75397,75398],{"className":67,"code":75075,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,75399,75400],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,75401,75402,75404,75406,75408,75410,75412,75414,75416],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,75403,7997],{"class":80},[74,75405,742],{"class":106},[74,75407,50],{"class":80},[74,75409,679],{"class":106},[74,75411,75065],{"class":80},[74,75413,679],{"class":106},[74,75415,75068],{"class":80},[74,75417,3284],{"class":106},[20,75419,64689],{},[30,75421,75422,75427,75432],{},[33,75423,75424,75426],{},[15,75425,50],{}," is where slicing begins",[33,75428,75429,75431],{},[15,75430,75065],{}," is where slicing ends before that position",[33,75433,75434,75436],{},[15,75435,75068],{}," controls how many positions to move each time",[20,75438,75439],{},"If you leave part of the slice out:",[30,75441,75442,75448,75453],{},[33,75443,75444,75445,75447],{},"Missing ",[15,75446,50],{}," means begin at the start of the list",[33,75449,75444,75450,75452],{},[15,75451,75065],{}," means go to the end of the list",[33,75454,75444,75455,75457,75458],{},[15,75456,75068],{}," means use ",[15,75459,2632],{},[20,75461,506],{},[65,75463,75465],{"className":67,"code":75464,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\nprint(numbers[:3])    # start from the beginning\nprint(numbers[2:])    # go to the end\nprint(numbers[::1])   # step of 1\n",[15,75466,75467,75495,75499,75520,75537,75555],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,75468,75469,75471,75473,75475,75477,75479,75481,75483,75485,75487,75489,75491,75493],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,75470,3266],{"class":80},[74,75472,85],{"class":84},[74,75474,3271],{"class":106},[74,75476,1972],{"class":167},[74,75478,249],{"class":106},[74,75480,7446],{"class":167},[74,75482,249],{"class":106},[74,75484,7451],{"class":167},[74,75486,249],{"class":106},[74,75488,50495],{"class":167},[74,75490,249],{"class":106},[74,75492,4732],{"class":167},[74,75494,3284],{"class":106},[74,75496,75497],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,75498,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,75500,75501,75503,75505,75507,75509,75511,75513,75515,75517],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,75502,103],{"class":102},[74,75504,107],{"class":106},[74,75506,3298],{"class":110},[74,75508,742],{"class":106},[74,75510,2632],{"class":167},[74,75512,679],{"class":106},[74,75514,2148],{"class":167},[74,75516,20101],{"class":106},[74,75518,75519],{"class":3314},"   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\n",[74,75521,75522,75524,75526,75528,75530,75532,75534],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,75523,103],{"class":102},[74,75525,107],{"class":106},[74,75527,3298],{"class":110},[74,75529,75174],{"class":106},[74,75531,321],{"class":167},[74,75533,20101],{"class":106},[74,75535,75536],{"class":3314},"    # start from the beginning\n",[74,75538,75539,75541,75543,75545,75547,75549,75552],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,75540,103],{"class":102},[74,75542,107],{"class":106},[74,75544,3298],{"class":110},[74,75546,742],{"class":106},[74,75548,687],{"class":167},[74,75550,75551],{"class":106},":])",[74,75553,75554],{"class":3314},"    # go to the end\n",[74,75556,75557,75559,75561,75563,75565,75567,75569],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,75558,103],{"class":102},[74,75560,107],{"class":106},[74,75562,3298],{"class":110},[74,75564,73761],{"class":106},[74,75566,2632],{"class":167},[74,75568,20101],{"class":106},[74,75570,75571],{"class":3314},"   # step of 1\n",[20,75573,157],{},[65,75575,75577],{"className":67,"code":75576,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"[20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n[30, 40, 50]\n[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n",[15,75578,75579,75595,75611,75627],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,75580,75581,75583,75585,75587,75589,75591,75593],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,75582,742],{"class":106},[74,75584,15412],{"class":167},[74,75586,249],{"class":106},[74,75588,7451],{"class":167},[74,75590,249],{"class":106},[74,75592,50495],{"class":167},[74,75594,3284],{"class":106},[74,75596,75597,75599,75601,75603,75605,75607,75609],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,75598,742],{"class":106},[74,75600,1972],{"class":167},[74,75602,249],{"class":106},[74,75604,7446],{"class":167},[74,75606,249],{"class":106},[74,75608,7451],{"class":167},[74,75610,3284],{"class":106},[74,75612,75613,75615,75617,75619,75621,75623,75625],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,75614,742],{"class":106},[74,75616,36498],{"class":167},[74,75618,249],{"class":106},[74,75620,50495],{"class":167},[74,75622,249],{"class":106},[74,75624,4732],{"class":167},[74,75626,3284],{"class":106},[74,75628,75629,75631,75633,75635,75637,75639,75641,75643,75645,75647,75649],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,75630,742],{"class":106},[74,75632,1972],{"class":167},[74,75634,249],{"class":106},[74,75636,7446],{"class":167},[74,75638,249],{"class":106},[74,75640,7451],{"class":167},[74,75642,249],{"class":106},[74,75644,50495],{"class":167},[74,75646,249],{"class":106},[74,75648,4732],{"class":167},[74,75650,3284],{"class":106},[60,75652,75654],{"id":75653},"common-slicing-patterns","Common slicing patterns",[20,75656,75657],{},"These are some of the most useful slice patterns to know:",[30,75659,75660,75669,75677,75688,75694],{},[33,75661,75662,75665,75666,5617],{},[15,75663,75664],{},"list[:n]"," gets the first ",[15,75667,75668],{},"n",[33,75670,75671,75674,75675,700],{},[15,75672,75673],{},"list[n:]"," gets items from position ",[15,75676,75668],{},[33,75678,75679,75682,75683,75685,75686],{},[15,75680,75681],{},"list[a:b]"," gets items from ",[15,75684,125],{}," up to ",[15,75687,4412],{},[33,75689,75690,75693],{},[15,75691,75692],{},"list[::2]"," gets every second item",[33,75695,75696,75699],{},[15,75697,75698],{},"list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy",[20,75701,506],{},[65,75703,75705],{"className":67,"code":75704,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[:3])    # first 3 items\nprint(numbers[3:])    # from index 3 to the end\nprint(numbers[1:5])   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\nprint(numbers[::2])   # every second item\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # reversed copy\n",[15,75706,75707,75740,75744,75761,75778,75799,75816],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,75708,75709,75711,75713,75715,75717,75719,75721,75723,75725,75727,75729,75731,75733,75735,75738],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,75710,3266],{"class":80},[74,75712,85],{"class":84},[74,75714,3271],{"class":106},[74,75716,1972],{"class":167},[74,75718,249],{"class":106},[74,75720,7446],{"class":167},[74,75722,249],{"class":106},[74,75724,7451],{"class":167},[74,75726,249],{"class":106},[74,75728,50495],{"class":167},[74,75730,249],{"class":106},[74,75732,4732],{"class":167},[74,75734,249],{"class":106},[74,75736,75737],{"class":167}," 60",[74,75739,3284],{"class":106},[74,75741,75742],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,75743,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,75745,75746,75748,75750,75752,75754,75756,75758],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,75747,103],{"class":102},[74,75749,107],{"class":106},[74,75751,3298],{"class":110},[74,75753,75174],{"class":106},[74,75755,321],{"class":167},[74,75757,20101],{"class":106},[74,75759,75760],{"class":3314},"    # first 3 items\n",[74,75762,75763,75765,75767,75769,75771,75773,75775],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,75764,103],{"class":102},[74,75766,107],{"class":106},[74,75768,3298],{"class":110},[74,75770,742],{"class":106},[74,75772,321],{"class":167},[74,75774,75551],{"class":106},[74,75776,75777],{"class":3314},"    # from index 3 to the end\n",[74,75779,75780,75782,75784,75786,75788,75790,75792,75794,75796],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,75781,103],{"class":102},[74,75783,107],{"class":106},[74,75785,3298],{"class":110},[74,75787,742],{"class":106},[74,75789,2632],{"class":167},[74,75791,679],{"class":106},[74,75793,711],{"class":167},[74,75795,20101],{"class":106},[74,75797,75798],{"class":3314},"   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\n",[74,75800,75801,75803,75805,75807,75809,75811,75813],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,75802,103],{"class":102},[74,75804,107],{"class":106},[74,75806,3298],{"class":110},[74,75808,73761],{"class":106},[74,75810,687],{"class":167},[74,75812,20101],{"class":106},[74,75814,75815],{"class":3314},"   # every second item\n",[74,75817,75818,75820,75822,75824,75826,75828,75830,75832],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,75819,103],{"class":102},[74,75821,107],{"class":106},[74,75823,3298],{"class":110},[74,75825,73761],{"class":106},[74,75827,1669],{"class":84},[74,75829,2632],{"class":167},[74,75831,20101],{"class":106},[74,75833,75834],{"class":3314},"  # reversed copy\n",[20,75836,157],{},[65,75838,75840],{"className":67,"code":75839,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"[10, 20, 30]\n[40, 50, 60]\n[20, 30, 40, 50]\n[10, 30, 50]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,75841,75842,75858,75874,75894,75910],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,75843,75844,75846,75848,75850,75852,75854,75856],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,75845,742],{"class":106},[74,75847,1972],{"class":167},[74,75849,249],{"class":106},[74,75851,7446],{"class":167},[74,75853,249],{"class":106},[74,75855,7451],{"class":167},[74,75857,3284],{"class":106},[74,75859,75860,75862,75864,75866,75868,75870,75872],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,75861,742],{"class":106},[74,75863,56345],{"class":167},[74,75865,249],{"class":106},[74,75867,4732],{"class":167},[74,75869,249],{"class":106},[74,75871,75737],{"class":167},[74,75873,3284],{"class":106},[74,75875,75876,75878,75880,75882,75884,75886,75888,75890,75892],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,75877,742],{"class":106},[74,75879,15412],{"class":167},[74,75881,249],{"class":106},[74,75883,7451],{"class":167},[74,75885,249],{"class":106},[74,75887,50495],{"class":167},[74,75889,249],{"class":106},[74,75891,4732],{"class":167},[74,75893,3284],{"class":106},[74,75895,75896,75898,75900,75902,75904,75906,75908],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,75897,742],{"class":106},[74,75899,1972],{"class":167},[74,75901,249],{"class":106},[74,75903,7451],{"class":167},[74,75905,249],{"class":106},[74,75907,4732],{"class":167},[74,75909,3284],{"class":106},[74,75911,75912,75914,75917,75919,75921,75923,75925,75927,75929,75931,75933,75935,75937],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,75913,742],{"class":106},[74,75915,75916],{"class":167},"60",[74,75918,249],{"class":106},[74,75920,4732],{"class":167},[74,75922,249],{"class":106},[74,75924,50495],{"class":167},[74,75926,249],{"class":106},[74,75928,7451],{"class":167},[74,75930,249],{"class":106},[74,75932,7446],{"class":167},[74,75934,249],{"class":106},[74,75936,5656],{"class":167},[74,75938,3284],{"class":106},[20,75940,75941,75942,114],{},"If you want to make a separate copy of a list, see ",[125,75943,14546],{"href":56872},[60,75945,75947],{"id":75946},"negative-indexes-in-slices","Negative indexes in slices",[20,75949,75950],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list.",[20,75952,5122],{},[30,75954,75955,75961],{},[33,75956,75957,75960],{},[15,75958,75959],{},"list[-1]"," is the last item",[33,75962,75963,75966],{},[15,75964,75965],{},"list[-2]"," is the second-to-last item",[20,75968,75969],{},"Negative indexes also work in slices.",[65,75971,75973],{"className":67,"code":75972,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\nprint(letters[-1])    # last item\nprint(letters[-3:])   # last 3 items\nprint(letters[:-1])   # everything except the last item\n",[15,75974,75975,76023,76027,76046,76065],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,75976,75977,75979,75981,75983,75985,75987,75989,75991,75993,75995,75997,75999,76001,76003,76005,76007,76009,76011,76013,76015,76017,76019,76021],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,75978,35746],{"class":80},[74,75980,85],{"class":84},[74,75982,3271],{"class":106},[74,75984,122],{"class":88},[74,75986,125],{"class":92},[74,75988,122],{"class":88},[74,75990,249],{"class":106},[74,75992,89],{"class":88},[74,75994,4412],{"class":92},[74,75996,122],{"class":88},[74,75998,249],{"class":106},[74,76000,89],{"class":88},[74,76002,9396],{"class":92},[74,76004,122],{"class":88},[74,76006,249],{"class":106},[74,76008,89],{"class":88},[74,76010,18422],{"class":92},[74,76012,122],{"class":88},[74,76014,249],{"class":106},[74,76016,89],{"class":88},[74,76018,60095],{"class":92},[74,76020,122],{"class":88},[74,76022,3284],{"class":106},[74,76024,76025],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,76026,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,76028,76029,76031,76033,76035,76037,76039,76041,76043],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,76030,103],{"class":102},[74,76032,107],{"class":106},[74,76034,35799],{"class":110},[74,76036,742],{"class":106},[74,76038,1669],{"class":84},[74,76040,2632],{"class":167},[74,76042,20101],{"class":106},[74,76044,76045],{"class":3314},"    # last item\n",[74,76047,76048,76050,76052,76054,76056,76058,76060,76062],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,76049,103],{"class":102},[74,76051,107],{"class":106},[74,76053,35799],{"class":110},[74,76055,742],{"class":106},[74,76057,1669],{"class":84},[74,76059,321],{"class":167},[74,76061,75551],{"class":106},[74,76063,76064],{"class":3314},"   # last 3 items\n",[74,76066,76067,76069,76071,76073,76075,76077,76079,76081],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,76068,103],{"class":102},[74,76070,107],{"class":106},[74,76072,35799],{"class":110},[74,76074,75174],{"class":106},[74,76076,1669],{"class":84},[74,76078,2632],{"class":167},[74,76080,20101],{"class":106},[74,76082,76083],{"class":3314},"   # everything except the last item\n",[20,76085,157],{},[65,76087,76089],{"className":67,"code":76088,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"e\n['c', 'd', 'e']\n['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,76090,76091,76096,76124],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,76092,76093],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,76094,76095],{"class":80},"e\n",[74,76097,76098,76100,76102,76104,76106,76108,76110,76112,76114,76116,76118,76120,76122],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,76099,742],{"class":106},[74,76101,2946],{"class":88},[74,76103,9396],{"class":92},[74,76105,2946],{"class":88},[74,76107,249],{"class":106},[74,76109,2941],{"class":88},[74,76111,18422],{"class":92},[74,76113,2946],{"class":88},[74,76115,249],{"class":106},[74,76117,2941],{"class":88},[74,76119,60095],{"class":92},[74,76121,2946],{"class":88},[74,76123,3284],{"class":106},[74,76125,76126,76128,76130,76132,76134,76136,76138,76140,76142,76144,76146,76148,76150,76152,76154,76156,76158],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,76127,742],{"class":106},[74,76129,2946],{"class":88},[74,76131,125],{"class":92},[74,76133,2946],{"class":88},[74,76135,249],{"class":106},[74,76137,2941],{"class":88},[74,76139,4412],{"class":92},[74,76141,2946],{"class":88},[74,76143,249],{"class":106},[74,76145,2941],{"class":88},[74,76147,9396],{"class":92},[74,76149,2946],{"class":88},[74,76151,249],{"class":106},[74,76153,2941],{"class":88},[74,76155,18422],{"class":92},[74,76157,2946],{"class":88},[74,76159,3284],{"class":106},[20,76161,195],{},[30,76163,76164,76167,76171,76177,76183],{},[33,76165,76166],{},"Negative indexes count from the end",[33,76168,76169,75960],{},[15,76170,75959],{},[33,76172,76173,76176],{},[15,76174,76175],{},"list[-3:]"," gets the last three items",[33,76178,76179,76182],{},[15,76180,76181],{},"list[:-1]"," gets everything except the last item",[33,76184,76185,76186,51,76188],{},"Negative indexes work with both ",[15,76187,50],{},[15,76189,75065],{},[60,76191,76193],{"id":76192},"slice-step-and-reverse-order","Slice step and reverse order",[20,76195,1627,76196,76198],{},[15,76197,75068],{}," value controls how far Python moves each time.",[30,76200,76201,76204,76207,76212,76222],{},[33,76202,76203],{},"A positive step moves left to right",[33,76205,76206],{},"A negative step moves right to left",[33,76208,76209,76211],{},[15,76210,75698],{}," is a common way to reverse a list copy",[33,76213,1318,76214,76216,76217,76219,76220],{},[15,76215,75068],{}," is negative, ",[15,76218,50],{}," usually needs to be greater than ",[15,76221,75065],{},[33,76223,76224,76226,76227],{},[15,76225,75068],{}," cannot be ",[15,76228,327],{},[20,76230,76231],{},"Example with different step values:",[65,76233,76235],{"className":67,"code":76234,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[::2])     # every second item\nprint(numbers[1::2])    # every second item starting at index 1\nprint(numbers[::-1])    # reverse the list\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[15,76236,76237,76269,76273,76290,76312,76331],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,76238,76239,76241,76243,76245,76247,76249,76251,76253,76255,76257,76259,76261,76263,76265,76267],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,76240,3266],{"class":80},[74,76242,85],{"class":84},[74,76244,3271],{"class":106},[74,76246,1972],{"class":167},[74,76248,249],{"class":106},[74,76250,7446],{"class":167},[74,76252,249],{"class":106},[74,76254,7451],{"class":167},[74,76256,249],{"class":106},[74,76258,50495],{"class":167},[74,76260,249],{"class":106},[74,76262,4732],{"class":167},[74,76264,249],{"class":106},[74,76266,75737],{"class":167},[74,76268,3284],{"class":106},[74,76270,76271],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,76272,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,76274,76275,76277,76279,76281,76283,76285,76287],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,76276,103],{"class":102},[74,76278,107],{"class":106},[74,76280,3298],{"class":110},[74,76282,73761],{"class":106},[74,76284,687],{"class":167},[74,76286,20101],{"class":106},[74,76288,76289],{"class":3314},"     # every second item\n",[74,76291,76292,76294,76296,76298,76300,76302,76305,76307,76309],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,76293,103],{"class":102},[74,76295,107],{"class":106},[74,76297,3298],{"class":110},[74,76299,742],{"class":106},[74,76301,2632],{"class":167},[74,76303,76304],{"class":106},"::",[74,76306,687],{"class":167},[74,76308,20101],{"class":106},[74,76310,76311],{"class":3314},"    # every second item starting at index 1\n",[74,76313,76314,76316,76318,76320,76322,76324,76326,76328],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,76315,103],{"class":102},[74,76317,107],{"class":106},[74,76319,3298],{"class":110},[74,76321,73761],{"class":106},[74,76323,1669],{"class":84},[74,76325,2632],{"class":167},[74,76327,20101],{"class":106},[74,76329,76330],{"class":3314},"    # reverse the list\n",[74,76332,76333,76335,76337,76339,76341,76343,76345,76347,76349,76351,76353,76355],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,76334,103],{"class":102},[74,76336,107],{"class":106},[74,76338,3298],{"class":110},[74,76340,742],{"class":106},[74,76342,2148],{"class":167},[74,76344,679],{"class":106},[74,76346,2632],{"class":167},[74,76348,679],{"class":106},[74,76350,1669],{"class":84},[74,76352,2632],{"class":167},[74,76354,20101],{"class":106},[74,76356,76357],{"class":3314},"  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[20,76359,157],{},[65,76361,76363],{"className":67,"code":76362,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"[10, 30, 50]\n[20, 40, 60]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n[50, 40, 30]\n",[15,76364,76365,76381,76397,76425],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,76366,76367,76369,76371,76373,76375,76377,76379],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,76368,742],{"class":106},[74,76370,1972],{"class":167},[74,76372,249],{"class":106},[74,76374,7451],{"class":167},[74,76376,249],{"class":106},[74,76378,4732],{"class":167},[74,76380,3284],{"class":106},[74,76382,76383,76385,76387,76389,76391,76393,76395],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,76384,742],{"class":106},[74,76386,15412],{"class":167},[74,76388,249],{"class":106},[74,76390,50495],{"class":167},[74,76392,249],{"class":106},[74,76394,75737],{"class":167},[74,76396,3284],{"class":106},[74,76398,76399,76401,76403,76405,76407,76409,76411,76413,76415,76417,76419,76421,76423],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,76400,742],{"class":106},[74,76402,75916],{"class":167},[74,76404,249],{"class":106},[74,76406,4732],{"class":167},[74,76408,249],{"class":106},[74,76410,50495],{"class":167},[74,76412,249],{"class":106},[74,76414,7451],{"class":167},[74,76416,249],{"class":106},[74,76418,7446],{"class":167},[74,76420,249],{"class":106},[74,76422,5656],{"class":167},[74,76424,3284],{"class":106},[74,76426,76427,76429,76432,76434,76436,76438,76440],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,76428,742],{"class":106},[74,76430,76431],{"class":167},"50",[74,76433,249],{"class":106},[74,76435,50495],{"class":167},[74,76437,249],{"class":106},[74,76439,7451],{"class":167},[74,76441,3284],{"class":106},[20,76443,76444,76445,114],{},"If you want to reverse a list in other ways, compare this with ",[125,76446,76447],{"href":74445},"how to reverse a list in Python",[262,76449,76451],{"id":76450},"step-cannot-be-0","Step cannot be 0",[20,76453,2480],{},[65,76455,76457],{"className":67,"code":76456,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,76458,76459,76479],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,76460,76461,76463,76465,76467,76469,76471,76473,76475,76477],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,76462,3266],{"class":80},[74,76464,85],{"class":84},[74,76466,3271],{"class":106},[74,76468,2632],{"class":167},[74,76470,249],{"class":106},[74,76472,620],{"class":167},[74,76474,249],{"class":106},[74,76476,2094],{"class":167},[74,76478,3284],{"class":106},[74,76480,76481,76483,76485,76487,76489,76491],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,76482,103],{"class":102},[74,76484,107],{"class":106},[74,76486,3298],{"class":110},[74,76488,73761],{"class":106},[74,76490,327],{"class":167},[74,76492,751],{"class":106},[20,76494,76495,76496,76498,76499,76501],{},"Python raises a ",[15,76497,40361],{}," because a slice step of ",[15,76500,327],{}," does not make sense.",[60,76503,76505],{"id":76504},"slicing-vs-indexing","Slicing vs indexing",[20,76507,76508],{},"Slicing and indexing look similar, but they do different things.",[262,76510,76512],{"id":76511},"indexing-gets-one-item","Indexing gets one item",[65,76514,76516],{"className":67,"code":76515,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,76517,76518,76542,76546],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,76519,76520,76522,76524,76526,76528,76530,76532,76534,76536,76538,76540],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,76521,3266],{"class":80},[74,76523,85],{"class":84},[74,76525,3271],{"class":106},[74,76527,1972],{"class":167},[74,76529,249],{"class":106},[74,76531,7446],{"class":167},[74,76533,249],{"class":106},[74,76535,7451],{"class":167},[74,76537,249],{"class":106},[74,76539,50495],{"class":167},[74,76541,3284],{"class":106},[74,76543,76544],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,76545,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,76547,76548,76550,76552,76554,76556,76558],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,76549,103],{"class":102},[74,76551,107],{"class":106},[74,76553,3298],{"class":110},[74,76555,742],{"class":106},[74,76557,687],{"class":167},[74,76559,751],{"class":106},[20,76561,157],{},[65,76563,76564],{"className":67,"code":69481,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,76565,76566],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,76567,76568],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,76569,69481],{"class":167},[262,76571,76573],{"id":76572},"slicing-gets-a-new-list","Slicing gets a new list",[65,76575,76577],{"className":67,"code":76576,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2:3])\n",[15,76578,76579,76603,76607],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,76580,76581,76583,76585,76587,76589,76591,76593,76595,76597,76599,76601],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,76582,3266],{"class":80},[74,76584,85],{"class":84},[74,76586,3271],{"class":106},[74,76588,1972],{"class":167},[74,76590,249],{"class":106},[74,76592,7446],{"class":167},[74,76594,249],{"class":106},[74,76596,7451],{"class":167},[74,76598,249],{"class":106},[74,76600,50495],{"class":167},[74,76602,3284],{"class":106},[74,76604,76605],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,76606,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,76608,76609,76611,76613,76615,76617,76619,76621,76623],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,76610,103],{"class":102},[74,76612,107],{"class":106},[74,76614,3298],{"class":110},[74,76616,742],{"class":106},[74,76618,687],{"class":167},[74,76620,679],{"class":106},[74,76622,321],{"class":167},[74,76624,751],{"class":106},[20,76626,157],{},[65,76628,76630],{"className":67,"code":76629,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"[30]\n",[15,76631,76632],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,76633,76634,76636,76638],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,76635,742],{"class":106},[74,76637,36498],{"class":167},[74,76639,3284],{"class":106},[20,76641,13420],{},[30,76643,76644,76650],{},[33,76645,76646,76649],{},[15,76647,76648],{},"numbers[2]"," returns one value",[33,76651,76652,76655],{},[15,76653,76654],{},"numbers[2:3]"," returns a list with one item",[20,76657,76658],{},"Another important difference is error behavior:",[30,76660,76661,76664],{},[33,76662,76663],{},"Out-of-range indexing can raise an error",[33,76665,76666],{},"Out-of-range slicing usually does not",[20,76668,506],{},[65,76670,76672],{"className":67,"code":76671,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5:10])\n",[15,76673,76674,76694,76698],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,76675,76676,76678,76680,76682,76684,76686,76688,76690,76692],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,76677,3266],{"class":80},[74,76679,85],{"class":84},[74,76681,3271],{"class":106},[74,76683,1972],{"class":167},[74,76685,249],{"class":106},[74,76687,7446],{"class":167},[74,76689,249],{"class":106},[74,76691,7451],{"class":167},[74,76693,3284],{"class":106},[74,76695,76696],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,76697,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,76699,76700,76702,76704,76706,76708,76710,76712,76714],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,76701,103],{"class":102},[74,76703,107],{"class":106},[74,76705,3298],{"class":110},[74,76707,742],{"class":106},[74,76709,711],{"class":167},[74,76711,679],{"class":106},[74,76713,1972],{"class":167},[74,76715,751],{"class":106},[20,76717,157],{},[65,76719,76720],{"className":67,"code":37953,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,76721,76722],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,76723,76724],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,76725,37953],{"class":106},[20,76727,76728],{},"But this would raise an error:",[65,76730,76732],{"className":67,"code":76731,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,76733,76734,76754,76758],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,76735,76736,76738,76740,76742,76744,76746,76748,76750,76752],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,76737,3266],{"class":80},[74,76739,85],{"class":84},[74,76741,3271],{"class":106},[74,76743,1972],{"class":167},[74,76745,249],{"class":106},[74,76747,7446],{"class":167},[74,76749,249],{"class":106},[74,76751,7451],{"class":167},[74,76753,3284],{"class":106},[74,76755,76756],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,76757,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,76759,76760,76762,76764,76766,76768,76770],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,76761,103],{"class":102},[74,76763,107],{"class":106},[74,76765,3298],{"class":110},[74,76767,742],{"class":106},[74,76769,711],{"class":167},[74,76771,751],{"class":106},[20,76773,76774,76775,114],{},"If you run into that error, see ",[125,76776,68900],{"href":68899},[60,76778,14834],{"id":76779},"beginner-mistakes-to-avoid",[20,76781,76782],{},"These are the most common slicing mistakes:",[30,76784,76785,76789,76791,76794,76800],{},[33,76786,4355,76787,301],{},[15,76788,75065],{},[33,76790,60340],{},[33,76792,76793],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original list",[33,76795,1123,76796,1126,76798],{},[15,76797,75698],{},[15,76799,73165],{},[33,76801,76802,76803,76805],{},"Using step ",[15,76804,327],{},", which causes an error",[262,76807,76809],{"id":76808},"_1-forgetting-that-stop-is-not-included","1. Forgetting that stop is not included",[65,76811,76813],{"className":67,"code":76812,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,76814,76815,76843],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,76816,76817,76819,76821,76823,76825,76827,76829,76831,76833,76835,76837,76839,76841],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,76818,3266],{"class":80},[74,76820,85],{"class":84},[74,76822,3271],{"class":106},[74,76824,1972],{"class":167},[74,76826,249],{"class":106},[74,76828,7446],{"class":167},[74,76830,249],{"class":106},[74,76832,7451],{"class":167},[74,76834,249],{"class":106},[74,76836,50495],{"class":167},[74,76838,249],{"class":106},[74,76840,4732],{"class":167},[74,76842,3284],{"class":106},[74,76844,76845,76847,76849,76851,76853,76855,76857,76859],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,76846,103],{"class":102},[74,76848,107],{"class":106},[74,76850,3298],{"class":110},[74,76852,742],{"class":106},[74,76854,2632],{"class":167},[74,76856,679],{"class":106},[74,76858,2148],{"class":167},[74,76860,751],{"class":106},[20,76862,76863],{},"This returns:",[65,76865,76867],{"className":67,"code":76866,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"[20, 30, 40]\n",[15,76868,76869],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,76870,76871,76873,76875,76877,76879,76881,76883],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,76872,742],{"class":106},[74,76874,15412],{"class":167},[74,76876,249],{"class":106},[74,76878,7451],{"class":167},[74,76880,249],{"class":106},[74,76882,50495],{"class":167},[74,76884,3284],{"class":106},[20,76886,330,76887,76889,76890,76892,76893,114],{},[332,76888,334],{}," include ",[15,76891,76431],{},", because slicing stops before index ",[15,76894,2148],{},[262,76896,76898],{"id":76897},"_2-using-parentheses-instead-of-square-brackets","2. Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[20,76900,16302],{},[65,76902,76904],{"className":67,"code":76903,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# numbers(1:3)\n",[15,76905,76906,76926],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,76907,76908,76910,76912,76914,76916,76918,76920,76922,76924],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,76909,3266],{"class":80},[74,76911,85],{"class":84},[74,76913,3271],{"class":106},[74,76915,1972],{"class":167},[74,76917,249],{"class":106},[74,76919,7446],{"class":167},[74,76921,249],{"class":106},[74,76923,7451],{"class":167},[74,76925,3284],{"class":106},[74,76927,76928],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,76929,76930],{"class":3314},"# numbers(1:3)\n",[20,76932,76933],{},"A slice must use square brackets:",[65,76935,76937],{"className":67,"code":76936,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,76938,76939],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,76940,76941,76943,76945,76947,76949,76951,76953,76955],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,76942,103],{"class":102},[74,76944,107],{"class":106},[74,76946,3298],{"class":110},[74,76948,742],{"class":106},[74,76950,2632],{"class":167},[74,76952,679],{"class":106},[74,76954,321],{"class":167},[74,76956,751],{"class":106},[262,76958,76960],{"id":76959},"_3-expecting-slicing-to-modify-the-original-list","3. Expecting slicing to modify the original list",[20,76962,76963],{},"A slice creates a new list.",[65,76965,76967],{"className":67,"code":76966,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\npart = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,76968,76969,76993,77007,77011,77021],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,76970,76971,76973,76975,76977,76979,76981,76983,76985,76987,76989,76991],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,76972,3266],{"class":80},[74,76974,85],{"class":84},[74,76976,3271],{"class":106},[74,76978,1972],{"class":167},[74,76980,249],{"class":106},[74,76982,7446],{"class":167},[74,76984,249],{"class":106},[74,76986,7451],{"class":167},[74,76988,249],{"class":106},[74,76990,50495],{"class":167},[74,76992,3284],{"class":106},[74,76994,76995,76997,76999,77001,77003,77005],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,76996,75298],{"class":80},[74,76998,85],{"class":84},[74,77000,3914],{"class":80},[74,77002,75174],{"class":106},[74,77004,687],{"class":167},[74,77006,3284],{"class":106},[74,77008,77009],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,77010,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,77012,77013,77015,77017,77019],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,77014,103],{"class":102},[74,77016,107],{"class":106},[74,77018,75321],{"class":110},[74,77020,260],{"class":106},[74,77022,77023,77025,77027,77029],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,77024,103],{"class":102},[74,77026,107],{"class":106},[74,77028,3298],{"class":110},[74,77030,260],{"class":106},[20,77032,157],{},[65,77034,77036],{"className":67,"code":77035,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"[10, 20]\n[10, 20, 30, 40]\n",[15,77037,77038,77050],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,77039,77040,77042,77044,77046,77048],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,77041,742],{"class":106},[74,77043,1972],{"class":167},[74,77045,249],{"class":106},[74,77047,7446],{"class":167},[74,77049,3284],{"class":106},[74,77051,77052,77054,77056,77058,77060,77062,77064,77066,77068],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,77053,742],{"class":106},[74,77055,1972],{"class":167},[74,77057,249],{"class":106},[74,77059,7446],{"class":167},[74,77061,249],{"class":106},[74,77063,7451],{"class":167},[74,77065,249],{"class":106},[74,77067,50495],{"class":167},[74,77069,3284],{"class":106},[20,77071,77072],{},"The original list stays the same unless you assign the result back.",[262,77074,77076,77077,1126,77079],{"id":77075},"_4-confusing-list-1-with-listreverse","4. Confusing ",[15,77078,75698],{},[15,77080,73165],{},[65,77082,77084],{"className":67,"code":77083,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nreversed_copy = numbers[::-1]\nprint(reversed_copy)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77085,77086,77106,77110,77127,77138],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,77087,77088,77090,77092,77094,77096,77098,77100,77102,77104],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,77089,3266],{"class":80},[74,77091,85],{"class":84},[74,77093,3271],{"class":106},[74,77095,1972],{"class":167},[74,77097,249],{"class":106},[74,77099,7446],{"class":167},[74,77101,249],{"class":106},[74,77103,7451],{"class":167},[74,77105,3284],{"class":106},[74,77107,77108],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,77109,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,77111,77112,77115,77117,77119,77121,77123,77125],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,77113,77114],{"class":80},"reversed_copy ",[74,77116,85],{"class":84},[74,77118,3914],{"class":80},[74,77120,73761],{"class":106},[74,77122,1669],{"class":84},[74,77124,2632],{"class":167},[74,77126,3284],{"class":106},[74,77128,77129,77131,77133,77136],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,77130,103],{"class":102},[74,77132,107],{"class":106},[74,77134,77135],{"class":110},"reversed_copy",[74,77137,260],{"class":106},[74,77139,77140,77142,77144,77146],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,77141,103],{"class":102},[74,77143,107],{"class":106},[74,77145,3298],{"class":110},[74,77147,260],{"class":106},[20,77149,157],{},[65,77151,77153],{"className":67,"code":77152,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"[30, 20, 10]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,77154,77155,77171],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,77156,77157,77159,77161,77163,77165,77167,77169],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,77158,742],{"class":106},[74,77160,36498],{"class":167},[74,77162,249],{"class":106},[74,77164,7446],{"class":167},[74,77166,249],{"class":106},[74,77168,5656],{"class":167},[74,77170,3284],{"class":106},[74,77172,77173,77175,77177,77179,77181,77183,77185],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,77174,742],{"class":106},[74,77176,1972],{"class":167},[74,77178,249],{"class":106},[74,77180,7446],{"class":167},[74,77182,249],{"class":106},[74,77184,7451],{"class":167},[74,77186,3284],{"class":106},[20,77188,77189,77192],{},[15,77190,77191],{},"numbers[::-1]"," creates a reversed copy.",[20,77194,77195,77196,77199],{},"By contrast, ",[15,77197,77198],{},"numbers.reverse()"," changes the original list in place.",[262,77201,77203],{"id":77202},"_5-using-a-step-of-0","5. Using a step of 0",[20,77205,77206],{},"This is not allowed:",[65,77208,77210],{"className":67,"code":77209,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# print(numbers[::0])\n",[15,77211,77212,77232],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,77213,77214,77216,77218,77220,77222,77224,77226,77228,77230],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,77215,3266],{"class":80},[74,77217,85],{"class":84},[74,77219,3271],{"class":106},[74,77221,1972],{"class":167},[74,77223,249],{"class":106},[74,77225,7446],{"class":167},[74,77227,249],{"class":106},[74,77229,7451],{"class":167},[74,77231,3284],{"class":106},[74,77233,77234],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,77235,77236],{"class":3314},"# print(numbers[::0])\n",[20,77238,77239,77240,114],{},"Python will raise a ",[15,77241,40361],{},[60,77243,77245],{"id":77244},"common-causes-of-slicing-confusion","Common causes of slicing confusion",[20,77247,77248],{},"If list slicing feels confusing at first, these are usually the reasons:",[30,77250,77251,77258,77264,77267,77270],{},[33,77252,1123,77253,51,77255,77257],{},[15,77254,50],{},[15,77256,75065],{}," positions",[33,77259,77260,77261,77263],{},"Assuming the ",[15,77262,75065],{}," index is included",[33,77265,77266],{},"Mixing up slicing and indexing",[33,77268,77269],{},"Using a negative step without understanding the direction",[33,77271,77272],{},"Expecting a slice to modify the original list",[20,77274,77275],{},"A good way to debug slices is to print the list and test small examples:",[65,77277,77279],{"className":67,"code":77278,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list[1:4])\nprint(my_list[:3])\nprint(my_list[-3:])\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,77280,77281,77291,77305,77323,77337,77354],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,77282,77283,77285,77287,77289],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,77284,103],{"class":102},[74,77286,107],{"class":106},[74,77288,7997],{"class":110},[74,77290,260],{"class":106},[74,77292,77293,77295,77297,77299,77301,77303],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,77294,103],{"class":102},[74,77296,107],{"class":106},[74,77298,10820],{"class":102},[74,77300,107],{"class":106},[74,77302,7997],{"class":110},[74,77304,130],{"class":106},[74,77306,77307,77309,77311,77313,77315,77317,77319,77321],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,77308,103],{"class":102},[74,77310,107],{"class":106},[74,77312,7997],{"class":110},[74,77314,742],{"class":106},[74,77316,2632],{"class":167},[74,77318,679],{"class":106},[74,77320,2148],{"class":167},[74,77322,751],{"class":106},[74,77324,77325,77327,77329,77331,77333,77335],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,77326,103],{"class":102},[74,77328,107],{"class":106},[74,77330,7997],{"class":110},[74,77332,75174],{"class":106},[74,77334,321],{"class":167},[74,77336,751],{"class":106},[74,77338,77339,77341,77343,77345,77347,77349,77351],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,77340,103],{"class":102},[74,77342,107],{"class":106},[74,77344,7997],{"class":110},[74,77346,742],{"class":106},[74,77348,1669],{"class":84},[74,77350,321],{"class":167},[74,77352,77353],{"class":106},":])\n",[74,77355,77356,77358,77360,77362,77364,77366,77368],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,77357,103],{"class":102},[74,77359,107],{"class":106},[74,77361,7997],{"class":110},[74,77363,73761],{"class":106},[74,77365,1669],{"class":84},[74,77367,2632],{"class":167},[74,77369,751],{"class":106},[20,77371,571,77372,77374,77375,77379],{},[15,77373,42016],{}," is especially helpful when you are checking positions in a list. See ",[125,77376,77378],{"href":77377},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len\u002F","Python list length with len()"," if you need a refresher.",[60,77381,1471],{"id":1470},[262,77383,77385],{"id":77384},"does-slicing-change-the-original-list","Does slicing change the original list?",[20,77387,77388],{},"No. A slice creates a new list unless you assign it back.",[262,77390,77392],{"id":77391},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-slice","Is the stop index included in a slice?",[20,77394,77395],{},"No. Python stops before that position.",[262,77397,1495,77399,39617],{"id":77398},"what-does-list-1-do",[15,77400,75698],{},[20,77402,77403],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the list.",[262,77405,77407,77408,2135],{"id":77406},"can-slicing-cause-indexerror","Can slicing cause ",[15,77409,70372],{},[20,77411,77412],{},"Usually no. Slices that go past the end return the available items.",[60,77414,1527],{"id":1526},[30,77416,77417,77422,77427,77431,77435,77439],{},[33,77418,77419],{},[125,77420,77421],{"href":50631},"Beginner guide to Python lists",[33,77423,77424],{},[125,77425,77426],{"href":56806},"How to create a list in Python",[33,77428,77429],{},[125,77430,14622],{"href":56872},[33,77432,77433],{},[125,77434,74446],{"href":74445},[33,77436,77437],{},[125,77438,77378],{"href":77377},[33,77440,77441],{},[125,77442,68900],{"href":68899},[20,77444,77445,77446,77448],{},"Practice with small lists first, such as 3 to 5 items. Once slicing feels natural, move on to list indexing, ",[15,77447,42016],{},", copying, and reversing.",[1566,77450,77451],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":70,"searchDepth":99,"depth":99,"links":77453},[77454,77455,77456,77457,77458,77459,77462,77466,77474,77475,77483],{"id":62,"depth":99,"text":63},{"id":75229,"depth":99,"text":75230},{"id":75391,"depth":99,"text":75392},{"id":75653,"depth":99,"text":75654},{"id":75946,"depth":99,"text":75947},{"id":76192,"depth":99,"text":76193,"children":77460},[77461],{"id":76450,"depth":133,"text":76451},{"id":76504,"depth":99,"text":76505,"children":77463},[77464,77465],{"id":76511,"depth":133,"text":76512},{"id":76572,"depth":133,"text":76573},{"id":76779,"depth":99,"text":14834,"children":77467},[77468,77469,77470,77471,77473],{"id":76808,"depth":133,"text":76809},{"id":76897,"depth":133,"text":76898},{"id":76959,"depth":133,"text":76960},{"id":77075,"depth":133,"text":77472},"4. Confusing list[::-1] with list.reverse()",{"id":77202,"depth":133,"text":77203},{"id":77244,"depth":99,"text":77245},{"id":1470,"depth":99,"text":1471,"children":77476},[77477,77478,77479,77481],{"id":77384,"depth":133,"text":77385},{"id":77391,"depth":133,"text":77392},{"id":77398,"depth":133,"text":77480},"What does list[::-1] do?",{"id":77406,"depth":133,"text":77482},"Can slicing cause IndexError?",{"id":1526,"depth":99,"text":1527},"Master python list slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained",{"title":75052,"description":77484},"reference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained","pKnzxErXID1m6QqeoQmUcGq-aEEzjpIsufZXfnjTT8o",{"id":77491,"title":77492,"body":77493,"description":79562,"extension":1610,"meta":79563,"navigation":407,"path":79564,"seo":79565,"stem":79566,"__hash__":79567},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method.md","Python List sort() Method",{"type":7,"value":77494,"toc":79528},[77495,77500,77506,77512,77514,77561,77568,77573,77577,77592,77595,77648,77650,77675,77680,77682,77714,77717,77733,77735,77796,77798,77823,77827,77832,77885,77887,77912,77917,77978,77980,78005,78008,78015,78019,78022,78083,78085,78118,78121,78182,78184,78217,78223,78296,78298,78330,78337,78342,78347,78349,78361,78364,78442,78444,78485,78488,78562,78564,78597,78602,78609,78616,78620,78629,78633,78641,78643,78710,78712,78748,78753,78764,78766,78771,78776,78778,78841,78843,78868,78875,78880,78884,78887,78927,78932,78938,78943,78945,78972,78977,78980,79027,79029,79086,79093,79098,79104,79173,79177,79180,79243,79245,79278,79283,79285,79288,79369,79371,79395,79401,79403,79408,79412,79419,79427,79431,79433,79456,79460,79462,79489,79492,79499,79502,79504,79525],[10,77496,53994,77498,18],{"id":77497},"python-list-sort-method",[15,77499,63958],{},[20,77501,77502,77505],{},[15,77503,77504],{},"list.sort()"," is the built-in list method for sorting items in a list.",[20,77507,77508,77509,77511],{},"Use this page as a quick reference for what ",[15,77510,63958],{}," does, how its main arguments work, and the beginner mistakes to avoid.",[60,77513,63],{"id":62},[65,77515,77517],{"className":67,"code":77516,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(numbers)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,77518,77519,77539,77549],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,77520,77521,77523,77525,77527,77529,77531,77533,77535,77537],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,77522,3266],{"class":80},[74,77524,85],{"class":84},[74,77526,3271],{"class":106},[74,77528,321],{"class":167},[74,77530,249],{"class":106},[74,77532,5148],{"class":167},[74,77534,249],{"class":106},[74,77536,620],{"class":167},[74,77538,3284],{"class":106},[74,77540,77541,77543,77545,77547],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,77542,3298],{"class":80},[74,77544,114],{"class":106},[74,77546,34456],{"class":110},[74,77548,8299],{"class":106},[74,77550,77551,77553,77555,77557,77559],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,77552,103],{"class":102},[74,77554,107],{"class":106},[74,77556,3298],{"class":110},[74,77558,3311],{"class":106},[74,77560,54584],{"class":3314},[20,77562,176,77563,77565,77566,114],{},[15,77564,77504],{}," to sort a list in place. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,77567,3429],{},[60,77569,3328,77571,38],{"id":77570},"what-listsort-does",[15,77572,77504],{},[20,77574,77575,679],{},[15,77576,77504],{},[30,77578,77579,77582,77585,77589],{},[33,77580,77581],{},"Sorts the items of a list in place",[33,77583,77584],{},"Changes the original list",[33,77586,11082,77587],{},[15,77588,3429],{},[33,77590,77591],{},"Works for numbers and strings when items can be compared",[20,77593,77594],{},"This means the list itself is updated after you call the method.",[65,77596,77598],{"className":67,"code":77597,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77599,77600,77624,77634,77638],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,77601,77602,77604,77606,77608,77610,77612,77614,77616,77618,77620,77622],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,77603,3266],{"class":80},[74,77605,85],{"class":84},[74,77607,3271],{"class":106},[74,77609,711],{"class":167},[74,77611,249],{"class":106},[74,77613,620],{"class":167},[74,77615,249],{"class":106},[74,77617,53788],{"class":167},[74,77619,249],{"class":106},[74,77621,5148],{"class":167},[74,77623,3284],{"class":106},[74,77625,77626,77628,77630,77632],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,77627,3298],{"class":80},[74,77629,114],{"class":106},[74,77631,34456],{"class":110},[74,77633,8299],{"class":106},[74,77635,77636],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,77637,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,77639,77640,77642,77644,77646],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,77641,103],{"class":102},[74,77643,107],{"class":106},[74,77645,3298],{"class":110},[74,77647,260],{"class":106},[20,77649,157],{},[65,77651,77653],{"className":67,"code":77652,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"[1, 2, 5, 9]\n",[15,77654,77655],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,77656,77657,77659,77661,77663,77665,77667,77669,77671,77673],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,77658,742],{"class":106},[74,77660,2632],{"class":167},[74,77662,249],{"class":106},[74,77664,620],{"class":167},[74,77666,249],{"class":106},[74,77668,651],{"class":167},[74,77670,249],{"class":106},[74,77672,53788],{"class":167},[74,77674,3284],{"class":106},[20,77676,77677,77678,114],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, see the ",[125,77679,66718],{"href":50631},[60,77681,227],{"id":226},[65,77683,77685],{"className":67,"code":77684,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"my_list.sort(key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,77686,77687],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,77688,77689,77691,77693,77695,77697,77699,77701,77703,77705,77708,77710,77712],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,77690,7997],{"class":80},[74,77692,114],{"class":106},[74,77694,34456],{"class":110},[74,77696,107],{"class":106},[74,77698,14499],{"class":8831},[74,77700,85],{"class":84},[74,77702,3429],{"class":3504},[74,77704,249],{"class":106},[74,77706,77707],{"class":8831}," reverse",[74,77709,85],{"class":84},[74,77711,342],{"class":3504},[74,77713,260],{"class":106},[20,77715,77716],{},"Main arguments:",[30,77718,77719,77724,77730],{},[33,77720,77721,77723],{},[15,77722,14499],{}," lets you sort by a custom rule",[33,77725,77726,77729],{},[15,77727,77728],{},"reverse=True"," sorts in descending order",[33,77731,77732],{},"If no arguments are given, sorting is ascending",[20,77734,506],{},[65,77736,77738],{"className":67,"code":77737,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [4, 1, 7, 2]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77739,77740,77764,77782,77786],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,77741,77742,77744,77746,77748,77750,77752,77754,77756,77758,77760,77762],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,77743,3266],{"class":80},[74,77745,85],{"class":84},[74,77747,3271],{"class":106},[74,77749,2148],{"class":167},[74,77751,249],{"class":106},[74,77753,5148],{"class":167},[74,77755,249],{"class":106},[74,77757,5645],{"class":167},[74,77759,249],{"class":106},[74,77761,620],{"class":167},[74,77763,3284],{"class":106},[74,77765,77766,77768,77770,77772,77774,77776,77778,77780],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,77767,3298],{"class":80},[74,77769,114],{"class":106},[74,77771,34456],{"class":110},[74,77773,107],{"class":106},[74,77775,73216],{"class":8831},[74,77777,85],{"class":84},[74,77779,338],{"class":3504},[74,77781,260],{"class":106},[74,77783,77784],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,77785,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,77787,77788,77790,77792,77794],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,77789,103],{"class":102},[74,77791,107],{"class":106},[74,77793,3298],{"class":110},[74,77795,260],{"class":106},[20,77797,157],{},[65,77799,77801],{"className":67,"code":77800,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"[7, 4, 2, 1]\n",[15,77802,77803],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,77804,77805,77807,77809,77811,77813,77815,77817,77819,77821],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,77806,742],{"class":106},[74,77808,1672],{"class":167},[74,77810,249],{"class":106},[74,77812,2100],{"class":167},[74,77814,249],{"class":106},[74,77816,620],{"class":167},[74,77818,249],{"class":106},[74,77820,5148],{"class":167},[74,77822,3284],{"class":106},[60,77824,77826],{"id":77825},"sort-numbers","Sort numbers",[20,77828,176,77829,77831],{},[15,77830,63958],{}," when you want to sort numbers in ascending order.",[65,77833,77835],{"className":67,"code":77834,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77836,77837,77861,77871,77875],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,77838,77839,77841,77843,77845,77847,77849,77851,77853,77855,77857,77859],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,77840,3266],{"class":80},[74,77842,85],{"class":84},[74,77844,3271],{"class":106},[74,77846,1972],{"class":167},[74,77848,249],{"class":106},[74,77850,2094],{"class":167},[74,77852,249],{"class":106},[74,77854,6012],{"class":167},[74,77856,249],{"class":106},[74,77858,5148],{"class":167},[74,77860,3284],{"class":106},[74,77862,77863,77865,77867,77869],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,77864,3298],{"class":80},[74,77866,114],{"class":106},[74,77868,34456],{"class":110},[74,77870,8299],{"class":106},[74,77872,77873],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,77874,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,77876,77877,77879,77881,77883],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,77878,103],{"class":102},[74,77880,107],{"class":106},[74,77882,3298],{"class":110},[74,77884,260],{"class":106},[20,77886,157],{},[65,77888,77890],{"className":67,"code":77889,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"[1, 3, 8, 10]\n",[15,77891,77892],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,77893,77894,77896,77898,77900,77902,77904,77906,77908,77910],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,77895,742],{"class":106},[74,77897,2632],{"class":167},[74,77899,249],{"class":106},[74,77901,2094],{"class":167},[74,77903,249],{"class":106},[74,77905,6012],{"class":167},[74,77907,249],{"class":106},[74,77909,5656],{"class":167},[74,77911,3284],{"class":106},[20,77913,176,77914,77916],{},[15,77915,77728],{}," for descending order:",[65,77918,77920],{"className":67,"code":77919,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77921,77922,77946,77964,77968],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,77923,77924,77926,77928,77930,77932,77934,77936,77938,77940,77942,77944],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,77925,3266],{"class":80},[74,77927,85],{"class":84},[74,77929,3271],{"class":106},[74,77931,1972],{"class":167},[74,77933,249],{"class":106},[74,77935,2094],{"class":167},[74,77937,249],{"class":106},[74,77939,6012],{"class":167},[74,77941,249],{"class":106},[74,77943,5148],{"class":167},[74,77945,3284],{"class":106},[74,77947,77948,77950,77952,77954,77956,77958,77960,77962],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,77949,3298],{"class":80},[74,77951,114],{"class":106},[74,77953,34456],{"class":110},[74,77955,107],{"class":106},[74,77957,73216],{"class":8831},[74,77959,85],{"class":84},[74,77961,338],{"class":3504},[74,77963,260],{"class":106},[74,77965,77966],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,77967,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,77969,77970,77972,77974,77976],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,77971,103],{"class":102},[74,77973,107],{"class":106},[74,77975,3298],{"class":110},[74,77977,260],{"class":106},[20,77979,157],{},[65,77981,77983],{"className":67,"code":77982,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"[10, 8, 3, 1]\n",[15,77984,77985],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,77986,77987,77989,77991,77993,77995,77997,77999,78001,78003],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,77988,742],{"class":106},[74,77990,1972],{"class":167},[74,77992,249],{"class":106},[74,77994,6012],{"class":167},[74,77996,249],{"class":106},[74,77998,2094],{"class":167},[74,78000,249],{"class":106},[74,78002,5148],{"class":167},[74,78004,3284],{"class":106},[20,78006,78007],{},"The important thing to remember is that the original list is updated after the method call.",[20,78009,78010,78011,114],{},"For a task-focused guide, read ",[125,78012,78014],{"href":78013},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to sort a list in Python",[60,78016,78018],{"id":78017},"sort-strings","Sort strings",[20,78020,78021],{},"Strings are sorted alphabetically by default.",[65,78023,78025],{"className":67,"code":78024,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78026,78027,78059,78069,78073],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,78028,78029,78031,78033,78035,78037,78039,78041,78043,78045,78047,78049,78051,78053,78055,78057],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,78030,3722],{"class":80},[74,78032,85],{"class":84},[74,78034,3271],{"class":106},[74,78036,122],{"class":88},[74,78038,93],{"class":92},[74,78040,122],{"class":88},[74,78042,249],{"class":106},[74,78044,89],{"class":88},[74,78046,376],{"class":92},[74,78048,122],{"class":88},[74,78050,249],{"class":106},[74,78052,89],{"class":88},[74,78054,3747],{"class":92},[74,78056,122],{"class":88},[74,78058,3284],{"class":106},[74,78060,78061,78063,78065,78067],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,78062,3764],{"class":80},[74,78064,114],{"class":106},[74,78066,34456],{"class":110},[74,78068,8299],{"class":106},[74,78070,78071],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,78072,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,78074,78075,78077,78079,78081],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,78076,103],{"class":102},[74,78078,107],{"class":106},[74,78080,3764],{"class":110},[74,78082,260],{"class":106},[20,78084,157],{},[65,78086,78088],{"className":67,"code":78087,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,78089,78090],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,78091,78092,78094,78096,78098,78100,78102,78104,78106,78108,78110,78112,78114,78116],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,78093,742],{"class":106},[74,78095,2946],{"class":88},[74,78097,376],{"class":92},[74,78099,2946],{"class":88},[74,78101,249],{"class":106},[74,78103,2941],{"class":88},[74,78105,93],{"class":92},[74,78107,2946],{"class":88},[74,78109,249],{"class":106},[74,78111,2941],{"class":88},[74,78113,3747],{"class":92},[74,78115,2946],{"class":88},[74,78117,3284],{"class":106},[20,78119,78120],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters affect the result:",[65,78122,78124],{"className":67,"code":78123,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78125,78126,78158,78168,78172],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,78127,78128,78130,78132,78134,78136,78138,78140,78142,78144,78146,78148,78150,78152,78154,78156],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,78129,3722],{"class":80},[74,78131,85],{"class":84},[74,78133,3271],{"class":106},[74,78135,122],{"class":88},[74,78137,93],{"class":92},[74,78139,122],{"class":88},[74,78141,249],{"class":106},[74,78143,89],{"class":88},[74,78145,57420],{"class":92},[74,78147,122],{"class":88},[74,78149,249],{"class":106},[74,78151,89],{"class":88},[74,78153,3747],{"class":92},[74,78155,122],{"class":88},[74,78157,3284],{"class":106},[74,78159,78160,78162,78164,78166],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,78161,3764],{"class":80},[74,78163,114],{"class":106},[74,78165,34456],{"class":110},[74,78167,8299],{"class":106},[74,78169,78170],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,78171,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,78173,78174,78176,78178,78180],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,78175,103],{"class":102},[74,78177,107],{"class":106},[74,78179,3764],{"class":110},[74,78181,260],{"class":106},[20,78183,157],{},[65,78185,78187],{"className":67,"code":78186,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"['Apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,78188,78189],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,78190,78191,78193,78195,78197,78199,78201,78203,78205,78207,78209,78211,78213,78215],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,78192,742],{"class":106},[74,78194,2946],{"class":88},[74,78196,57420],{"class":92},[74,78198,2946],{"class":88},[74,78200,249],{"class":106},[74,78202,2941],{"class":88},[74,78204,93],{"class":92},[74,78206,2946],{"class":88},[74,78208,249],{"class":106},[74,78210,2941],{"class":88},[74,78212,3747],{"class":92},[74,78214,2946],{"class":88},[74,78216,3284],{"class":106},[20,78218,78219,78220,679],{},"If you want case-insensitive sorting, use ",[15,78221,78222],{},"key=str.lower",[65,78224,78226],{"className":67,"code":78225,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78227,78228,78260,78282,78286],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,78229,78230,78232,78234,78236,78238,78240,78242,78244,78246,78248,78250,78252,78254,78256,78258],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,78231,3722],{"class":80},[74,78233,85],{"class":84},[74,78235,3271],{"class":106},[74,78237,122],{"class":88},[74,78239,93],{"class":92},[74,78241,122],{"class":88},[74,78243,249],{"class":106},[74,78245,89],{"class":88},[74,78247,57420],{"class":92},[74,78249,122],{"class":88},[74,78251,249],{"class":106},[74,78253,89],{"class":88},[74,78255,3747],{"class":92},[74,78257,122],{"class":88},[74,78259,3284],{"class":106},[74,78261,78262,78264,78266,78268,78270,78272,78274,78276,78278,78280],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,78263,3764],{"class":80},[74,78265,114],{"class":106},[74,78267,34456],{"class":110},[74,78269,107],{"class":106},[74,78271,14499],{"class":8831},[74,78273,85],{"class":84},[74,78275,3090],{"class":1345},[74,78277,114],{"class":106},[74,78279,885],{"class":24406},[74,78281,260],{"class":106},[74,78283,78284],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,78285,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,78287,78288,78290,78292,78294],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,78289,103],{"class":102},[74,78291,107],{"class":106},[74,78293,3764],{"class":110},[74,78295,260],{"class":106},[20,78297,157],{},[65,78299,78300],{"className":67,"code":78186,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,78301,78302],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,78303,78304,78306,78308,78310,78312,78314,78316,78318,78320,78322,78324,78326,78328],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,78305,742],{"class":106},[74,78307,2946],{"class":88},[74,78309,57420],{"class":92},[74,78311,2946],{"class":88},[74,78313,249],{"class":106},[74,78315,2941],{"class":88},[74,78317,93],{"class":92},[74,78319,2946],{"class":88},[74,78321,249],{"class":106},[74,78323,2941],{"class":88},[74,78325,3747],{"class":92},[74,78327,2946],{"class":88},[74,78329,3284],{"class":106},[20,78331,78332,78333,78336],{},"The original spelling stays the same. Python only uses ",[15,78334,78335],{},"str.lower"," as the sorting rule.",[60,78338,36269,78340,36272],{"id":78339},"using-the-key-argument",[15,78341,14499],{},[20,78343,1627,78344,78346],{},[15,78345,14499],{}," argument changes how each item is compared.",[20,78348,6997],{},[30,78350,78351,78356],{},[33,78352,78353,78355],{},[15,78354,10820],{}," to sort by length",[33,78357,78358,78360],{},[15,78359,78335],{}," to sort strings without case problems",[20,78362,78363],{},"Sort words by length:",[65,78365,78367],{"className":67,"code":78366,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"words = [\"pear\", \"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78368,78369,78410,78428,78432],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,78370,78371,78373,78375,78377,78379,78382,78384,78386,78388,78390,78392,78394,78396,78398,78400,78402,78404,78406,78408],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,78372,3722],{"class":80},[74,78374,85],{"class":84},[74,78376,3271],{"class":106},[74,78378,122],{"class":88},[74,78380,78381],{"class":92},"pear",[74,78383,122],{"class":88},[74,78385,249],{"class":106},[74,78387,89],{"class":88},[74,78389,93],{"class":92},[74,78391,122],{"class":88},[74,78393,249],{"class":106},[74,78395,89],{"class":88},[74,78397,38014],{"class":92},[74,78399,122],{"class":88},[74,78401,249],{"class":106},[74,78403,89],{"class":88},[74,78405,376],{"class":92},[74,78407,122],{"class":88},[74,78409,3284],{"class":106},[74,78411,78412,78414,78416,78418,78420,78422,78424,78426],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,78413,3764],{"class":80},[74,78415,114],{"class":106},[74,78417,34456],{"class":110},[74,78419,107],{"class":106},[74,78421,14499],{"class":8831},[74,78423,85],{"class":84},[74,78425,10820],{"class":102},[74,78427,260],{"class":106},[74,78429,78430],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,78431,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,78433,78434,78436,78438,78440],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,78435,103],{"class":102},[74,78437,107],{"class":106},[74,78439,3764],{"class":110},[74,78441,260],{"class":106},[20,78443,157],{},[65,78445,78447],{"className":67,"code":78446,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"['fig', 'pear', 'apple', 'banana']\n",[15,78448,78449],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,78450,78451,78453,78455,78457,78459,78461,78463,78465,78467,78469,78471,78473,78475,78477,78479,78481,78483],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,78452,742],{"class":106},[74,78454,2946],{"class":88},[74,78456,38014],{"class":92},[74,78458,2946],{"class":88},[74,78460,249],{"class":106},[74,78462,2941],{"class":88},[74,78464,78381],{"class":92},[74,78466,2946],{"class":88},[74,78468,249],{"class":106},[74,78470,2941],{"class":88},[74,78472,376],{"class":92},[74,78474,2946],{"class":88},[74,78476,249],{"class":106},[74,78478,2941],{"class":88},[74,78480,93],{"class":92},[74,78482,2946],{"class":88},[74,78484,3284],{"class":106},[20,78486,78487],{},"Sort strings without case sensitivity:",[65,78489,78491],{"className":67,"code":78490,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"words = [\"Bob\", \"alice\", \"Carol\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78492,78493,78526,78548,78552],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,78494,78495,78497,78499,78501,78503,78505,78507,78509,78511,78513,78515,78517,78519,78522,78524],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,78496,3722],{"class":80},[74,78498,85],{"class":84},[74,78500,3271],{"class":106},[74,78502,122],{"class":88},[74,78504,4664],{"class":92},[74,78506,122],{"class":88},[74,78508,249],{"class":106},[74,78510,89],{"class":88},[74,78512,17458],{"class":92},[74,78514,122],{"class":88},[74,78516,249],{"class":106},[74,78518,89],{"class":88},[74,78520,78521],{"class":92},"Carol",[74,78523,122],{"class":88},[74,78525,3284],{"class":106},[74,78527,78528,78530,78532,78534,78536,78538,78540,78542,78544,78546],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,78529,3764],{"class":80},[74,78531,114],{"class":106},[74,78533,34456],{"class":110},[74,78535,107],{"class":106},[74,78537,14499],{"class":8831},[74,78539,85],{"class":84},[74,78541,3090],{"class":1345},[74,78543,114],{"class":106},[74,78545,885],{"class":24406},[74,78547,260],{"class":106},[74,78549,78550],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,78551,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,78553,78554,78556,78558,78560],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,78555,103],{"class":102},[74,78557,107],{"class":106},[74,78559,3764],{"class":110},[74,78561,260],{"class":106},[20,78563,157],{},[65,78565,78567],{"className":67,"code":78566,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"['alice', 'Bob', 'Carol']\n",[15,78568,78569],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,78570,78571,78573,78575,78577,78579,78581,78583,78585,78587,78589,78591,78593,78595],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,78572,742],{"class":106},[74,78574,2946],{"class":88},[74,78576,17458],{"class":92},[74,78578,2946],{"class":88},[74,78580,249],{"class":106},[74,78582,2941],{"class":88},[74,78584,4664],{"class":92},[74,78586,2946],{"class":88},[74,78588,249],{"class":106},[74,78590,2941],{"class":88},[74,78592,78521],{"class":92},[74,78594,2946],{"class":88},[74,78596,3284],{"class":106},[20,78598,1627,78599,78601],{},[15,78600,14499],{}," argument is especially useful when the default alphabetical or numeric order is not what you want.",[60,78603,78605,10243,78607],{"id":78604},"listsort-vs-sorted",[15,78606,77504],{},[15,78608,74063],{},[20,78610,78611,51,78613,78615],{},[15,78612,77504],{},[15,78614,74063],{}," both sort data, but they work differently.",[20,78617,78618,679],{},[15,78619,77504],{},[30,78621,78622,78625],{},[33,78623,78624],{},"Changes the existing list",[33,78626,11082,78627],{},[15,78628,3429],{},[20,78630,78631,679],{},[15,78632,74063],{},[30,78634,78635,78638],{},[33,78636,78637],{},"Returns a new sorted list",[33,78639,78640],{},"Leaves the original unchanged",[20,78642,506],{},[65,78644,78646],{"className":67,"code":78645,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(new_list)\n",[15,78647,78648,78668,78672,78686,78690,78700],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,78649,78650,78652,78654,78656,78658,78660,78662,78664,78666],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,78651,3266],{"class":80},[74,78653,85],{"class":84},[74,78655,3271],{"class":106},[74,78657,321],{"class":167},[74,78659,249],{"class":106},[74,78661,5148],{"class":167},[74,78663,249],{"class":106},[74,78665,620],{"class":167},[74,78667,3284],{"class":106},[74,78669,78670],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,78671,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,78673,78674,78676,78678,78680,78682,78684],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,78675,55542],{"class":80},[74,78677,85],{"class":84},[74,78679,74197],{"class":102},[74,78681,107],{"class":106},[74,78683,3298],{"class":110},[74,78685,260],{"class":106},[74,78687,78688],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,78689,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,78691,78692,78694,78696,78698],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,78693,103],{"class":102},[74,78695,107],{"class":106},[74,78697,3298],{"class":110},[74,78699,260],{"class":106},[74,78701,78702,78704,78706,78708],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,78703,103],{"class":102},[74,78705,107],{"class":106},[74,78707,73920],{"class":110},[74,78709,260],{"class":106},[20,78711,157],{},[65,78713,78714],{"className":67,"code":74232,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,78715,78716,78732],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,78717,78718,78720,78722,78724,78726,78728,78730],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,78719,742],{"class":106},[74,78721,321],{"class":167},[74,78723,249],{"class":106},[74,78725,5148],{"class":167},[74,78727,249],{"class":106},[74,78729,620],{"class":167},[74,78731,3284],{"class":106},[74,78733,78734,78736,78738,78740,78742,78744,78746],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,78735,742],{"class":106},[74,78737,2632],{"class":167},[74,78739,249],{"class":106},[74,78741,620],{"class":167},[74,78743,249],{"class":106},[74,78745,2094],{"class":167},[74,78747,3284],{"class":106},[20,78749,176,78750,78752],{},[15,78751,74063],{}," when you want to keep the original list unchanged.",[20,78754,78755,78756,51,78760,114],{},"You can learn more in ",[125,78757,3223,78758,5434],{"href":74160},[15,78759,74063],{},[125,78761,78763],{"href":78762},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","sorted() vs list.sort() explained",[60,78765,914],{"id":913},[20,78767,78768,78769,114],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,78770,77504],{},[262,78772,12253,78774],{"id":78773},"assigning-the-result-of-sort",[15,78775,63958],{},[20,78777,25347],{},[65,78779,78781],{"className":67,"code":78780,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78782,78783,78803,78817,78821,78831],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,78784,78785,78787,78789,78791,78793,78795,78797,78799,78801],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,78786,3266],{"class":80},[74,78788,85],{"class":84},[74,78790,3271],{"class":106},[74,78792,321],{"class":167},[74,78794,249],{"class":106},[74,78796,5148],{"class":167},[74,78798,249],{"class":106},[74,78800,620],{"class":167},[74,78802,3284],{"class":106},[74,78804,78805,78807,78809,78811,78813,78815],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,78806,383],{"class":80},[74,78808,85],{"class":84},[74,78810,3914],{"class":80},[74,78812,114],{"class":106},[74,78814,34456],{"class":110},[74,78816,8299],{"class":106},[74,78818,78819],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,78820,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,78822,78823,78825,78827,78829],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,78824,103],{"class":102},[74,78826,107],{"class":106},[74,78828,418],{"class":110},[74,78830,260],{"class":106},[74,78832,78833,78835,78837,78839],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,78834,103],{"class":102},[74,78836,107],{"class":106},[74,78838,3298],{"class":110},[74,78840,260],{"class":106},[20,78842,157],{},[65,78844,78846],{"className":67,"code":78845,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"None\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,78847,78848,78852],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,78849,78850],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,78851,11466],{"class":3504},[74,78853,78854,78856,78858,78860,78862,78864,78866],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,78855,742],{"class":106},[74,78857,2632],{"class":167},[74,78859,249],{"class":106},[74,78861,620],{"class":167},[74,78863,249],{"class":106},[74,78865,2094],{"class":167},[74,78867,3284],{"class":106},[20,78869,78870,78872,78873,114],{},[15,78871,63958],{}," does not return the sorted list. It returns ",[15,78874,3429],{},[20,78876,78877,78878,6284],{},"If you want a new list, use ",[15,78879,74063],{},[262,78881,78883],{"id":78882},"sorting-mixed-types","Sorting mixed types",[20,78885,78886],{},"Python cannot always compare different types directly.",[65,78888,78890],{"className":67,"code":78889,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"items = [1, \"two\", 3]\nitems.sort()\n",[15,78891,78892,78917],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,78893,78894,78896,78898,78900,78902,78904,78906,78909,78911,78913,78915],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,78895,7435],{"class":80},[74,78897,85],{"class":84},[74,78899,3271],{"class":106},[74,78901,2632],{"class":167},[74,78903,249],{"class":106},[74,78905,89],{"class":88},[74,78907,78908],{"class":92},"two",[74,78910,122],{"class":88},[74,78912,249],{"class":106},[74,78914,2094],{"class":167},[74,78916,3284],{"class":106},[74,78918,78919,78921,78923,78925],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,78920,7466],{"class":80},[74,78922,114],{"class":106},[74,78924,34456],{"class":110},[74,78926,8299],{"class":106},[20,78928,2646,78929,78931],{},[15,78930,2649],{}," because Python cannot sort integers and strings together by default.",[262,78933,4355,78935,78937],{"id":78934},"forgetting-that-sort-only-works-on-lists",[15,78936,63958],{}," only works on lists",[20,78939,78940,78942],{},[15,78941,63958],{}," is a list method. It does not work directly on tuples or strings.",[20,78944,16302],{},[65,78946,78948],{"className":67,"code":78947,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"python\"\ntext.sort()\n",[15,78949,78950,78962],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,78951,78952,78954,78956,78958,78960],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,78953,81],{"class":80},[74,78955,85],{"class":84},[74,78957,89],{"class":88},[74,78959,69],{"class":92},[74,78961,96],{"class":88},[74,78963,78964,78966,78968,78970],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,78965,111],{"class":80},[74,78967,114],{"class":106},[74,78969,34456],{"class":110},[74,78971,8299],{"class":106},[20,78973,78974,78975,33258],{},"Strings do not have a ",[15,78976,63958],{},[20,78978,78979],{},"If needed, convert the data first:",[65,78981,78983],{"className":67,"code":78982,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"letters = list(\"python\")\nletters.sort()\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,78984,78985,79003,79013,79017],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,78986,78987,78989,78991,78993,78995,78997,78999,79001],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,78988,35746],{"class":80},[74,78990,85],{"class":84},[74,78992,22216],{"class":1345},[74,78994,107],{"class":106},[74,78996,122],{"class":88},[74,78998,69],{"class":92},[74,79000,122],{"class":88},[74,79002,260],{"class":106},[74,79004,79005,79007,79009,79011],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,79006,35799],{"class":80},[74,79008,114],{"class":106},[74,79010,34456],{"class":110},[74,79012,8299],{"class":106},[74,79014,79015],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,79016,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,79018,79019,79021,79023,79025],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,79020,103],{"class":102},[74,79022,107],{"class":106},[74,79024,35799],{"class":110},[74,79026,260],{"class":106},[20,79028,157],{},[65,79030,79032],{"className":67,"code":79031,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"['h', 'n', 'o', 'p', 't', 'y']\n",[15,79033,79034],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,79035,79036,79038,79040,79042,79044,79046,79048,79050,79052,79054,79056,79058,79060,79062,79064,79066,79068,79070,79072,79074,79076,79078,79080,79082,79084],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,79037,742],{"class":106},[74,79039,2946],{"class":88},[74,79041,60086],{"class":92},[74,79043,2946],{"class":88},[74,79045,249],{"class":106},[74,79047,2941],{"class":88},[74,79049,75668],{"class":92},[74,79051,2946],{"class":88},[74,79053,249],{"class":106},[74,79055,2941],{"class":88},[74,79057,60121],{"class":92},[74,79059,2946],{"class":88},[74,79061,249],{"class":106},[74,79063,2941],{"class":88},[74,79065,20],{"class":92},[74,79067,2946],{"class":88},[74,79069,249],{"class":106},[74,79071,2941],{"class":88},[74,79073,62934],{"class":92},[74,79075,2946],{"class":88},[74,79077,249],{"class":106},[74,79079,2941],{"class":88},[74,79081,11403],{"class":92},[74,79083,2946],{"class":88},[74,79085,3284],{"class":106},[262,79087,79089,79090,79092],{"id":79088},"not-using-key-when-custom-sorting-is-needed","Not using ",[15,79091,14499],{}," when custom sorting is needed",[20,79094,79095,79096,114],{},"If the default order is not correct for your problem, you may need ",[15,79097,14499],{},[20,79099,79100,79101,79103],{},"For example, if you want to sort words by length, plain ",[15,79102,63958],{}," will not do that:",[65,79105,79107],{"className":67,"code":79106,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"words = [\"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79108,79109,79141,79159,79163],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,79110,79111,79113,79115,79117,79119,79121,79123,79125,79127,79129,79131,79133,79135,79137,79139],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,79112,3722],{"class":80},[74,79114,85],{"class":84},[74,79116,3271],{"class":106},[74,79118,122],{"class":88},[74,79120,93],{"class":92},[74,79122,122],{"class":88},[74,79124,249],{"class":106},[74,79126,89],{"class":88},[74,79128,38014],{"class":92},[74,79130,122],{"class":88},[74,79132,249],{"class":106},[74,79134,89],{"class":88},[74,79136,376],{"class":92},[74,79138,122],{"class":88},[74,79140,3284],{"class":106},[74,79142,79143,79145,79147,79149,79151,79153,79155,79157],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,79144,3764],{"class":80},[74,79146,114],{"class":106},[74,79148,34456],{"class":110},[74,79150,107],{"class":106},[74,79152,14499],{"class":8831},[74,79154,85],{"class":84},[74,79156,10820],{"class":102},[74,79158,260],{"class":106},[74,79160,79161],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,79162,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,79164,79165,79167,79169,79171],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,79166,103],{"class":102},[74,79168,107],{"class":106},[74,79170,3764],{"class":110},[74,79172,260],{"class":106},[262,79174,79176],{"id":79175},"unexpected-string-order-because-of-uppercase-letters","Unexpected string order because of uppercase letters",[20,79178,79179],{},"This often surprises beginners:",[65,79181,79183],{"className":67,"code":79182,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79184,79185,79219,79229,79233],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,79186,79187,79189,79191,79193,79195,79198,79200,79202,79204,79206,79208,79210,79212,79215,79217],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,79188,3722],{"class":80},[74,79190,85],{"class":84},[74,79192,3271],{"class":106},[74,79194,122],{"class":88},[74,79196,79197],{"class":92},"zebra",[74,79199,122],{"class":88},[74,79201,249],{"class":106},[74,79203,89],{"class":88},[74,79205,57420],{"class":92},[74,79207,122],{"class":88},[74,79209,249],{"class":106},[74,79211,89],{"class":88},[74,79213,79214],{"class":92},"monkey",[74,79216,122],{"class":88},[74,79218,3284],{"class":106},[74,79220,79221,79223,79225,79227],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,79222,3764],{"class":80},[74,79224,114],{"class":106},[74,79226,34456],{"class":110},[74,79228,8299],{"class":106},[74,79230,79231],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,79232,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,79234,79235,79237,79239,79241],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,79236,103],{"class":102},[74,79238,107],{"class":106},[74,79240,3764],{"class":110},[74,79242,260],{"class":106},[20,79244,157],{},[65,79246,79248],{"className":67,"code":79247,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"['Apple', 'monkey', 'zebra']\n",[15,79249,79250],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,79251,79252,79254,79256,79258,79260,79262,79264,79266,79268,79270,79272,79274,79276],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,79253,742],{"class":106},[74,79255,2946],{"class":88},[74,79257,57420],{"class":92},[74,79259,2946],{"class":88},[74,79261,249],{"class":106},[74,79263,2941],{"class":88},[74,79265,79214],{"class":92},[74,79267,2946],{"class":88},[74,79269,249],{"class":106},[74,79271,2941],{"class":88},[74,79273,79197],{"class":92},[74,79275,2946],{"class":88},[74,79277,3284],{"class":106},[20,79279,176,79280,79282],{},[15,79281,78222],{}," if you want case-insensitive sorting.",[262,79284,60358],{"id":60357},[20,79286,79287],{},"If sorting is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[65,79289,79291],{"className":67,"code":79290,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.sort())\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nprint([type(item) for item in my_list])\n",[15,79292,79293,79303,79317,79331,79345],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,79294,79295,79297,79299,79301],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,79296,103],{"class":102},[74,79298,107],{"class":106},[74,79300,7997],{"class":110},[74,79302,260],{"class":106},[74,79304,79305,79307,79309,79311,79313,79315],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,79306,103],{"class":102},[74,79308,107],{"class":106},[74,79310,1346],{"class":1345},[74,79312,107],{"class":106},[74,79314,7997],{"class":110},[74,79316,130],{"class":106},[74,79318,79319,79321,79323,79325,79327,79329],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,79320,103],{"class":102},[74,79322,107],{"class":106},[74,79324,7997],{"class":110},[74,79326,114],{"class":106},[74,79328,34456],{"class":110},[74,79330,6848],{"class":106},[74,79332,79333,79335,79337,79339,79341,79343],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,79334,103],{"class":102},[74,79336,107],{"class":106},[74,79338,74153],{"class":102},[74,79340,107],{"class":106},[74,79342,7997],{"class":110},[74,79344,130],{"class":106},[74,79346,79347,79349,79351,79353,79355,79357,79359,79361,79363,79365,79367],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,79348,103],{"class":102},[74,79350,2629],{"class":106},[74,79352,1346],{"class":1345},[74,79354,107],{"class":106},[74,79356,22966],{"class":110},[74,79358,3311],{"class":106},[74,79360,3530],{"class":3529},[74,79362,5612],{"class":110},[74,79364,351],{"class":3529},[74,79366,8054],{"class":110},[74,79368,751],{"class":106},[20,79370,10829],{},[30,79372,79373,79376,79379,79386,79392],{},[33,79374,79375],{},"What values are in the list",[33,79377,79378],{},"Whether the object is really a list",[33,79380,79381,79382,2039,79384],{},"That ",[15,79383,63958],{},[15,79385,3429],{},[33,79387,79388,79389,79391],{},"Whether ",[15,79390,74063],{}," works better for your case",[33,79393,79394],{},"Whether the list contains mixed data types",[20,79396,79397,79398,79400],{},"If your problem is caused by incompatible values, see a guide for fixing sorting-related ",[15,79399,2649],{}," problems.",[60,79402,1471],{"id":1470},[262,79404,1517,79406,55121],{"id":79405},"does-listsort-return-a-new-list",[15,79407,77504],{},[20,79409,62250,79410,114],{},[15,79411,3429],{},[262,79413,4828,79415,51,79417,2135],{"id":79414},"what-is-the-difference-between-sort-and-sorted",[15,79416,63958],{},[15,79418,74063],{},[20,79420,79421,79423,79424,79426],{},[15,79422,63958],{}," changes the list itself. ",[15,79425,74063],{}," creates and returns a new sorted list.",[262,79428,79430],{"id":79429},"how-do-i-sort-in-reverse-order","How do I sort in reverse order?",[20,79432,18349],{},[65,79434,79436],{"className":67,"code":79435,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"my_list.sort(reverse=True)\n",[15,79437,79438],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,79439,79440,79442,79444,79446,79448,79450,79452,79454],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,79441,7997],{"class":80},[74,79443,114],{"class":106},[74,79445,34456],{"class":110},[74,79447,107],{"class":106},[74,79449,73216],{"class":8831},[74,79451,85],{"class":84},[74,79453,338],{"class":3504},[74,79455,260],{"class":106},[262,79457,79459],{"id":79458},"how-do-i-sort-strings-without-case-problems","How do I sort strings without case problems?",[20,79461,18349],{},[65,79463,79465],{"className":67,"code":79464,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"my_list.sort(key=str.lower)\n",[15,79466,79467],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,79468,79469,79471,79473,79475,79477,79479,79481,79483,79485,79487],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,79470,7997],{"class":80},[74,79472,114],{"class":106},[74,79474,34456],{"class":110},[74,79476,107],{"class":106},[74,79478,14499],{"class":8831},[74,79480,85],{"class":84},[74,79482,3090],{"class":1345},[74,79484,114],{"class":106},[74,79486,885],{"class":24406},[74,79488,260],{"class":106},[20,79490,79491],{},"This sorts in a case-insensitive way.",[262,79493,79495,79496,79498],{"id":79494},"why-do-i-get-a-typeerror-when-sorting","Why do I get a ",[15,79497,2649],{}," when sorting?",[20,79500,79501],{},"Your list may contain values that Python cannot compare directly, such as strings and integers together.",[60,79503,1527],{"id":1526},[30,79505,79506,79511,79517,79521],{},[33,79507,79508],{},[125,79509,79510],{"href":78013},"How to sort a list in Python",[33,79512,79513],{},[125,79514,3223,79515,5434],{"href":74160},[15,79516,74063],{},[33,79518,79519],{},[125,79520,66718],{"href":50631},[33,79522,79523],{},[125,79524,78763],{"href":78762},[1566,79526,79527],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":70,"searchDepth":99,"depth":99,"links":79529},[79530,79531,79533,79534,79535,79536,79538,79540,79551,79561],{"id":62,"depth":99,"text":63},{"id":77570,"depth":99,"text":79532},"What list.sort() does",{"id":226,"depth":99,"text":227},{"id":77825,"depth":99,"text":77826},{"id":78017,"depth":99,"text":78018},{"id":78339,"depth":99,"text":79537},"Using the key argument",{"id":78604,"depth":99,"text":79539},"list.sort() vs sorted()",{"id":913,"depth":99,"text":914,"children":79541},[79542,79544,79545,79547,79549,79550],{"id":78773,"depth":133,"text":79543},"Assigning the result of sort()",{"id":78882,"depth":133,"text":78883},{"id":78934,"depth":133,"text":79546},"Forgetting that sort() only works on lists",{"id":79088,"depth":133,"text":79548},"Not using key when custom sorting is needed",{"id":79175,"depth":133,"text":79176},{"id":60357,"depth":133,"text":60358},{"id":1470,"depth":99,"text":1471,"children":79552},[79553,79555,79557,79558,79559],{"id":79405,"depth":133,"text":79554},"Does list.sort() return a new list?",{"id":79414,"depth":133,"text":79556},"What is the difference between sort() and sorted()?",{"id":79429,"depth":133,"text":79430},{"id":79458,"depth":133,"text":79459},{"id":79494,"depth":133,"text":79560},"Why do I get a TypeError when sorting?",{"id":1526,"depth":99,"text":1527},"Master python list sort method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method",{"title":77492,"description":79562},"reference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method","nuiIwWy1KS8_euTEqMoYpg2B6j3JT08NKrBSVKMUQzs",{"id":79569,"title":79570,"body":79571,"description":82202,"extension":1610,"meta":82203,"navigation":407,"path":82204,"seo":82205,"stem":82206,"__hash__":82207},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained.md","Python map() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":79572,"toc":82161},[79573,79578,79583,79586,79597,79600,79620,79622,79684,79686,79727,79736,79741,79746,79752,79763,79765,79784,79787,79792,79797,79799,79804,79818,79820,79838,79841,79858,79861,79867,79890,79895,79897,79900,79961,79963,79996,79998,80037,80045,80055,80061,80066,80159,80161,80185,80187,80205,80208,80239,80245,80250,80253,80255,80380,80382,80406,80408,80427,80433,80439,80558,80560,80577,80584,80590,80595,80602,80608,80610,80667,80670,80691,80694,80697,80758,80760,80793,80797,80867,80869,80886,80890,80893,80968,80970,81007,81010,81013,81084,81086,81147,81152,81157,81160,81174,81176,81249,81251,81271,81274,81277,81334,81396,81399,81431,81434,81449,81454,81456,81462,81465,81521,81524,81526,81545,81549,81551,81595,81604,81606,81666,81670,81673,81675,81768,81770,81885,81889,81891,81965,81968,81971,81973,81978,82043,82045,82069,82079,82081,82087,82096,82105,82114,82120,82123,82127,82130,82132,82158],[10,79574,3223,79576,3227],{"id":79575},"python-map-function-explained",[15,79577,39373],{},[20,79579,3230,79580,79582],{},[15,79581,39373],{}," function applies the same function to each item in an iterable.",[20,79584,79585],{},"This is useful when you want to transform data, such as:",[30,79587,79588,79591,79594],{},[33,79589,79590],{},"converting numbers to strings",[33,79592,79593],{},"changing strings to integers",[33,79595,79596],{},"doubling every value in a list",[20,79598,79599],{},"The main thing beginners need to know is this:",[30,79601,79602,79609,79615],{},[33,79603,79604,13711,79606,79608],{},[15,79605,39373],{},[332,79607,334],{}," return a list in Python 3",[33,79610,79611,79612],{},"it returns a ",[332,79613,79614],{},"map object",[33,79616,79617,79618],{},"you often convert that result with ",[15,79619,24437],{},[60,79621,63],{"id":62},[65,79623,79625],{"className":67,"code":79624,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,79626,79627,79651,79670],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,79628,79629,79631,79633,79635,79637,79639,79641,79643,79645,79647,79649],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,79630,3266],{"class":80},[74,79632,85],{"class":84},[74,79634,3271],{"class":106},[74,79636,2632],{"class":167},[74,79638,249],{"class":106},[74,79640,620],{"class":167},[74,79642,249],{"class":106},[74,79644,2094],{"class":167},[74,79646,249],{"class":106},[74,79648,2100],{"class":167},[74,79650,3284],{"class":106},[74,79652,79653,79655,79657,79660,79662,79664,79666,79668],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,79654,383],{"class":80},[74,79656,85],{"class":84},[74,79658,79659],{"class":102}," map",[74,79661,107],{"class":106},[74,79663,3090],{"class":1345},[74,79665,249],{"class":106},[74,79667,3914],{"class":110},[74,79669,260],{"class":106},[74,79671,79672,79674,79676,79678,79680,79682],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,79673,103],{"class":102},[74,79675,107],{"class":106},[74,79677,7751],{"class":1345},[74,79679,107],{"class":106},[74,79681,418],{"class":110},[74,79683,130],{"class":106},[20,79685,157],{},[65,79687,79689],{"className":67,"code":79688,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"['1', '2', '3', '4']\n",[15,79690,79691],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,79692,79693,79695,79697,79699,79701,79703,79705,79707,79709,79711,79713,79715,79717,79719,79721,79723,79725],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,79694,742],{"class":106},[74,79696,2946],{"class":88},[74,79698,2632],{"class":92},[74,79700,2946],{"class":88},[74,79702,249],{"class":106},[74,79704,2941],{"class":88},[74,79706,687],{"class":92},[74,79708,2946],{"class":88},[74,79710,249],{"class":106},[74,79712,2941],{"class":88},[74,79714,321],{"class":92},[74,79716,2946],{"class":88},[74,79718,249],{"class":106},[74,79720,2941],{"class":88},[74,79722,2148],{"class":92},[74,79724,2946],{"class":88},[74,79726,3284],{"class":106},[20,79728,176,79729,79732,79733,79735],{},[15,79730,79731],{},"map(function, iterable)"," to apply the same function to each item. Convert the result to ",[15,79734,24437],{}," if you want to see all mapped values at once.",[60,79737,3328,79739,38],{"id":79738},"what-map-does",[15,79740,39373],{},[20,79742,79743,79745],{},[15,79744,39373],{}," applies a function to each item in an iterable.",[20,79747,79748,79749,79751],{},"An ",[332,79750,3371],{}," is something you can loop over, such as:",[30,79753,79754,79756,79758,79760],{},[33,79755,37557],{},[33,79757,37560],{},[33,79759,37563],{},[33,79761,79762],{},"a range object",[20,79764,30381],{},[65,79766,79768],{"className":67,"code":79767,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"map(function, iterable)\n",[15,79769,79770],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,79771,79772,79774,79776,79778,79780,79782],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,79773,39516],{"class":102},[74,79775,107],{"class":106},[74,79777,37516],{"class":110},[74,79779,249],{"class":106},[74,79781,37521],{"class":110},[74,79783,260],{"class":106},[20,79785,79786],{},"For each item in the iterable, Python calls the function and produces a new value.",[20,79788,79789,79790,33399],{},"Important: the result is a ",[332,79791,79614],{},[20,79793,79794,79795,114],{},"If you want to understand iterables better, see ",[125,79796,4788],{"href":4787},[60,79798,227],{"id":226},[20,79800,79801,79803],{},[15,79802,39373],{}," needs at least two parts:",[30,79805,79806,79812],{},[33,79807,79808,79811],{},[332,79809,79810],{},"Function",": the function to run on each item",[33,79813,79814,79817],{},[332,79815,79816],{},"Iterable",": the values to process",[20,79819,3356],{},[65,79821,79822],{"className":67,"code":79767,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,79823,79824],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,79825,79826,79828,79830,79832,79834,79836],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,79827,39516],{"class":102},[74,79829,107],{"class":106},[74,79831,37516],{"class":110},[74,79833,249],{"class":106},[74,79835,37521],{"class":110},[74,79837,260],{"class":106},[20,79839,79840],{},"You can pass:",[30,79842,79843,79852,79855],{},[33,79844,79845,79846,220,79848,1835,79850],{},"built-in functions like ",[15,79847,3090],{},[15,79849,1831],{},[15,79851,1664],{},[33,79853,79854],{},"your own custom function",[33,79856,79857],{},"a lambda function for short one-line logic",[20,79859,79860],{},"If you are new to lambda functions, see lambda functions in Python explained.",[20,79862,79863,79864,79866],{},"You will often see ",[15,79865,39373],{}," used like this:",[65,79868,79870],{"className":67,"code":79869,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"list(map(function, values))\n",[15,79871,79872],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,79873,79874,79876,79878,79880,79882,79884,79886,79888],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,79875,7751],{"class":1345},[74,79877,107],{"class":106},[74,79879,39516],{"class":102},[74,79881,107],{"class":106},[74,79883,37516],{"class":110},[74,79885,249],{"class":106},[74,79887,3538],{"class":110},[74,79889,130],{"class":106},[20,79891,6330,79892,79894],{},[15,79893,24437],{}," turns the map object into a normal list you can print or reuse.",[60,79896,357],{"id":356},[20,79898,79899],{},"Here is a simple example that converts numbers to strings:",[65,79901,79903],{"className":67,"code":79902,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,79904,79905,79925,79943,79947],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,79906,79907,79909,79911,79913,79915,79917,79919,79921,79923],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,79908,3266],{"class":80},[74,79910,85],{"class":84},[74,79912,3271],{"class":106},[74,79914,1972],{"class":167},[74,79916,249],{"class":106},[74,79918,7446],{"class":167},[74,79920,249],{"class":106},[74,79922,7451],{"class":167},[74,79924,3284],{"class":106},[74,79926,79927,79929,79931,79933,79935,79937,79939,79941],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,79928,383],{"class":80},[74,79930,85],{"class":84},[74,79932,79659],{"class":102},[74,79934,107],{"class":106},[74,79936,3090],{"class":1345},[74,79938,249],{"class":106},[74,79940,3914],{"class":110},[74,79942,260],{"class":106},[74,79944,79945],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,79946,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,79948,79949,79951,79953,79955,79957,79959],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,79950,103],{"class":102},[74,79952,107],{"class":106},[74,79954,7751],{"class":1345},[74,79956,107],{"class":106},[74,79958,418],{"class":110},[74,79960,130],{"class":106},[20,79962,157],{},[65,79964,79966],{"className":67,"code":79965,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"['10', '20', '30']\n",[15,79967,79968],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,79969,79970,79972,79974,79976,79978,79980,79982,79984,79986,79988,79990,79992,79994],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,79971,742],{"class":106},[74,79973,2946],{"class":88},[74,79975,1972],{"class":92},[74,79977,2946],{"class":88},[74,79979,249],{"class":106},[74,79981,2941],{"class":88},[74,79983,15412],{"class":92},[74,79985,2946],{"class":88},[74,79987,249],{"class":106},[74,79989,2941],{"class":88},[74,79991,36498],{"class":92},[74,79993,2946],{"class":88},[74,79995,3284],{"class":106},[20,79997,11341],{},[30,79999,80000,80005,80013,80021,80029],{},[33,80001,80002,80004],{},[15,80003,3298],{}," contains integers",[33,80006,80007,80010,80011],{},[15,80008,80009],{},"map(str, numbers)"," passes each number to ",[15,80012,47336],{},[33,80014,80015,41810,80018],{},[15,80016,80017],{},"str(10)",[15,80019,80020],{},"'10'",[33,80022,80023,41810,80026],{},[15,80024,80025],{},"str(20)",[15,80027,80028],{},"'20'",[33,80030,80031,41810,80034],{},[15,80032,80033],{},"str(30)",[15,80035,80036],{},"'30'",[20,80038,53305,80039,80041,80042,80044],{},[15,80040,39373],{}," applies ",[15,80043,47336],{}," one item at a time.",[20,80046,80047,80048,80050,80051,114],{},"If you want to understand ",[15,80049,24437],{}," better, see ",[125,80052,3223,80053,3156],{"href":64493},[15,80054,24437],{},[60,80056,571,80058,80060],{"id":80057},"using-map-with-your-own-function",[15,80059,39373],{}," with your own function",[20,80062,15372,80063,80065],{},[15,80064,39373],{}," with a function you define yourself.",[65,80067,80069],{"className":67,"code":80068,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"def double(x):\n    return x * 2\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(double, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80070,80071,80084,80094,80098,80122,80141,80145],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,80072,80073,80075,80078,80080,80082],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,80074,34508],{"class":1711},[74,80076,80077],{"class":34511}," double",[74,80079,107],{"class":106},[74,80081,1816],{"class":37318},[74,80083,8000],{"class":106},[74,80085,80086,80088,80090,80092],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,80087,34519],{"class":3529},[74,80089,3533],{"class":80},[74,80091,39529],{"class":84},[74,80093,45243],{"class":167},[74,80095,80096],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,80097,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,80099,80100,80102,80104,80106,80108,80110,80112,80114,80116,80118,80120],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,80101,3266],{"class":80},[74,80103,85],{"class":84},[74,80105,3271],{"class":106},[74,80107,2632],{"class":167},[74,80109,249],{"class":106},[74,80111,620],{"class":167},[74,80113,249],{"class":106},[74,80115,2094],{"class":167},[74,80117,249],{"class":106},[74,80119,2100],{"class":167},[74,80121,3284],{"class":106},[74,80123,80124,80126,80128,80130,80132,80135,80137,80139],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,80125,383],{"class":80},[74,80127,85],{"class":84},[74,80129,79659],{"class":102},[74,80131,107],{"class":106},[74,80133,80134],{"class":110},"double",[74,80136,249],{"class":106},[74,80138,3914],{"class":110},[74,80140,260],{"class":106},[74,80142,80143],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,80144,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,80146,80147,80149,80151,80153,80155,80157],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,80148,103],{"class":102},[74,80150,107],{"class":106},[74,80152,7751],{"class":1345},[74,80154,107],{"class":106},[74,80156,418],{"class":110},[74,80158,130],{"class":106},[20,80160,157],{},[65,80162,80163],{"className":67,"code":39542,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,80164,80165],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,80166,80167,80169,80171,80173,80175,80177,80179,80181,80183],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,80168,742],{"class":106},[74,80170,687],{"class":167},[74,80172,249],{"class":106},[74,80174,2100],{"class":167},[74,80176,249],{"class":106},[74,80178,37299],{"class":167},[74,80180,249],{"class":106},[74,80182,6012],{"class":167},[74,80184,3284],{"class":106},[20,80186,65226],{},[30,80188,80189,80196,80202],{},[33,80190,80191,80193,80194],{},[15,80192,39373],{}," takes the function ",[15,80195,80134],{},[33,80197,80198,80199,80201],{},"it sends each item from ",[15,80200,3298],{}," into that function",[33,80203,80204],{},"the returned values become the mapped result",[20,80206,80207],{},"In other words, Python does this behind the scenes:",[30,80209,80210,80217,80224,80232],{},[33,80211,80212,5724,80215],{},[15,80213,80214],{},"double(1)",[15,80216,687],{},[33,80218,80219,5724,80222],{},[15,80220,80221],{},"double(2)",[15,80223,2148],{},[33,80225,80226,5724,80229],{},[15,80227,80228],{},"double(3)",[15,80230,80231],{},"6",[33,80233,80234,5724,80237],{},[15,80235,80236],{},"double(4)",[15,80238,1987],{},[60,80240,571,80242,80244],{"id":80241},"using-map-with-multiple-iterables",[15,80243,39373],{}," with multiple iterables",[20,80246,80247,80249],{},[15,80248,39373],{}," can also work with more than one iterable.",[20,80251,80252],{},"When you do that, the function must accept the same number of arguments.",[20,80254,506],{},[65,80256,80258],{"className":67,"code":80257,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80259,80260,80277,80287,80291,80312,80333,80337,80362,80366],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,80261,80262,80264,80267,80269,80271,80273,80275],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,80263,34508],{"class":1711},[74,80265,80266],{"class":34511}," add_numbers",[74,80268,107],{"class":106},[74,80270,125],{"class":37318},[74,80272,249],{"class":106},[74,80274,2203],{"class":37318},[74,80276,8000],{"class":106},[74,80278,80279,80281,80283,80285],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,80280,34519],{"class":3529},[74,80282,44199],{"class":80},[74,80284,1706],{"class":84},[74,80286,35838],{"class":80},[74,80288,80289],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,80290,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,80292,80293,80296,80298,80300,80302,80304,80306,80308,80310],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,80294,80295],{"class":80},"list1 ",[74,80297,85],{"class":84},[74,80299,3271],{"class":106},[74,80301,2632],{"class":167},[74,80303,249],{"class":106},[74,80305,620],{"class":167},[74,80307,249],{"class":106},[74,80309,2094],{"class":167},[74,80311,3284],{"class":106},[74,80313,80314,80317,80319,80321,80323,80325,80327,80329,80331],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,80315,80316],{"class":80},"list2 ",[74,80318,85],{"class":84},[74,80320,3271],{"class":106},[74,80322,1972],{"class":167},[74,80324,249],{"class":106},[74,80326,7446],{"class":167},[74,80328,249],{"class":106},[74,80330,7451],{"class":167},[74,80332,3284],{"class":106},[74,80334,80335],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,80336,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,80338,80339,80341,80343,80345,80347,80350,80352,80355,80357,80360],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,80340,383],{"class":80},[74,80342,85],{"class":84},[74,80344,79659],{"class":102},[74,80346,107],{"class":106},[74,80348,80349],{"class":110},"add_numbers",[74,80351,249],{"class":106},[74,80353,80354],{"class":110}," list1",[74,80356,249],{"class":106},[74,80358,80359],{"class":110}," list2",[74,80361,260],{"class":106},[74,80363,80364],{"class":76,"line":6079},[74,80365,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,80367,80368,80370,80372,80374,80376,80378],{"class":76,"line":6085},[74,80369,103],{"class":102},[74,80371,107],{"class":106},[74,80373,7751],{"class":1345},[74,80375,107],{"class":106},[74,80377,418],{"class":110},[74,80379,130],{"class":106},[20,80381,157],{},[65,80383,80385],{"className":67,"code":80384,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"[11, 22, 33]\n",[15,80386,80387],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,80388,80389,80391,80394,80396,80399,80401,80404],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,80390,742],{"class":106},[74,80392,80393],{"class":167},"11",[74,80395,249],{"class":106},[74,80397,80398],{"class":167}," 22",[74,80400,249],{"class":106},[74,80402,80403],{"class":167}," 33",[74,80405,3284],{"class":106},[20,80407,1821],{},[30,80409,80410,80416,80422],{},[33,80411,80412,80413],{},"the first values are used together: ",[15,80414,80415],{},"add_numbers(1, 10)",[33,80417,80418,80419],{},"then ",[15,80420,80421],{},"add_numbers(2, 20)",[33,80423,80418,80424],{},[15,80425,80426],{},"add_numbers(3, 30)",[262,80428,80430,80432],{"id":80429},"map-stops-at-the-shortest-iterable",[15,80431,39373],{}," stops at the shortest iterable",[20,80434,80435,80436,80438],{},"If the iterables have different lengths, ",[15,80437,39373],{}," stops when the shortest one ends.",[65,80440,80442],{"className":67,"code":80441,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nlist2 = [10, 20]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80443,80444,80460,80470,80474,80498,80514,80518,80540,80544],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,80445,80446,80448,80450,80452,80454,80456,80458],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,80447,34508],{"class":1711},[74,80449,80266],{"class":34511},[74,80451,107],{"class":106},[74,80453,125],{"class":37318},[74,80455,249],{"class":106},[74,80457,2203],{"class":37318},[74,80459,8000],{"class":106},[74,80461,80462,80464,80466,80468],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,80463,34519],{"class":3529},[74,80465,44199],{"class":80},[74,80467,1706],{"class":84},[74,80469,35838],{"class":80},[74,80471,80472],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,80473,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,80475,80476,80478,80480,80482,80484,80486,80488,80490,80492,80494,80496],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,80477,80295],{"class":80},[74,80479,85],{"class":84},[74,80481,3271],{"class":106},[74,80483,2632],{"class":167},[74,80485,249],{"class":106},[74,80487,620],{"class":167},[74,80489,249],{"class":106},[74,80491,2094],{"class":167},[74,80493,249],{"class":106},[74,80495,2100],{"class":167},[74,80497,3284],{"class":106},[74,80499,80500,80502,80504,80506,80508,80510,80512],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,80501,80316],{"class":80},[74,80503,85],{"class":84},[74,80505,3271],{"class":106},[74,80507,1972],{"class":167},[74,80509,249],{"class":106},[74,80511,7446],{"class":167},[74,80513,3284],{"class":106},[74,80515,80516],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,80517,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,80519,80520,80522,80524,80526,80528,80530,80532,80534,80536,80538],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,80521,383],{"class":80},[74,80523,85],{"class":84},[74,80525,79659],{"class":102},[74,80527,107],{"class":106},[74,80529,80349],{"class":110},[74,80531,249],{"class":106},[74,80533,80354],{"class":110},[74,80535,249],{"class":106},[74,80537,80359],{"class":110},[74,80539,260],{"class":106},[74,80541,80542],{"class":76,"line":6079},[74,80543,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,80545,80546,80548,80550,80552,80554,80556],{"class":76,"line":6085},[74,80547,103],{"class":102},[74,80549,107],{"class":106},[74,80551,7751],{"class":1345},[74,80553,107],{"class":106},[74,80555,418],{"class":110},[74,80557,130],{"class":106},[20,80559,157],{},[65,80561,80563],{"className":67,"code":80562,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"[11, 22]\n",[15,80564,80565],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,80566,80567,80569,80571,80573,80575],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,80568,742],{"class":106},[74,80570,80393],{"class":167},[74,80572,249],{"class":106},[74,80574,80398],{"class":167},[74,80576,3284],{"class":106},[20,80578,80579,80580,80583],{},"Only two results are produced because ",[15,80581,80582],{},"list2"," has only two items.",[60,80585,80587,80589],{"id":80586},"map-returns-an-iterator-like-object",[15,80588,39373],{}," returns an iterator-like object",[20,80591,37679,80592,80594],{},[15,80593,39373],{}," returns a map object.",[20,80596,80597,80598,80601],{},"This object is ",[332,80599,80600],{},"lazy",", which means values are produced only when needed.",[262,80603,2131,80605,80607],{"id":80604},"why-printresult-looks-strange",[15,80606,32684],{}," looks strange",[20,80609,33300],{},[65,80611,80613],{"className":67,"code":80612,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,80614,80615,80635,80653,80657],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,80616,80617,80619,80621,80623,80625,80627,80629,80631,80633],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,80618,3266],{"class":80},[74,80620,85],{"class":84},[74,80622,3271],{"class":106},[74,80624,2632],{"class":167},[74,80626,249],{"class":106},[74,80628,620],{"class":167},[74,80630,249],{"class":106},[74,80632,2094],{"class":167},[74,80634,3284],{"class":106},[74,80636,80637,80639,80641,80643,80645,80647,80649,80651],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,80638,383],{"class":80},[74,80640,85],{"class":84},[74,80642,79659],{"class":102},[74,80644,107],{"class":106},[74,80646,3090],{"class":1345},[74,80648,249],{"class":106},[74,80650,3914],{"class":110},[74,80652,260],{"class":106},[74,80654,80655],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,80656,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,80658,80659,80661,80663,80665],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,80660,103],{"class":102},[74,80662,107],{"class":106},[74,80664,418],{"class":110},[74,80666,260],{"class":106},[20,80668,80669],{},"Output will look something like this:",[65,80671,80673],{"className":67,"code":80672,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"\u003Cmap object at 0x...>\n",[15,80674,80675],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,80676,80677,80679,80681,80683,80685,80687,80689],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,80678,2935],{"class":84},[74,80680,39516],{"class":102},[74,80682,24273],{"class":1345},[74,80684,37019],{"class":80},[74,80686,37023],{"class":37022},[74,80688,37026],{"class":34111},[74,80690,2949],{"class":84},[20,80692,80693],{},"That happens because you are printing the map object itself, not the values inside it.",[20,80695,80696],{},"To see the mapped values, convert it to a list or loop over it:",[65,80698,80700],{"className":67,"code":80699,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80701,80702,80722,80740,80744],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,80703,80704,80706,80708,80710,80712,80714,80716,80718,80720],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,80705,3266],{"class":80},[74,80707,85],{"class":84},[74,80709,3271],{"class":106},[74,80711,2632],{"class":167},[74,80713,249],{"class":106},[74,80715,620],{"class":167},[74,80717,249],{"class":106},[74,80719,2094],{"class":167},[74,80721,3284],{"class":106},[74,80723,80724,80726,80728,80730,80732,80734,80736,80738],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,80725,383],{"class":80},[74,80727,85],{"class":84},[74,80729,79659],{"class":102},[74,80731,107],{"class":106},[74,80733,3090],{"class":1345},[74,80735,249],{"class":106},[74,80737,3914],{"class":110},[74,80739,260],{"class":106},[74,80741,80742],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,80743,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,80745,80746,80748,80750,80752,80754,80756],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,80747,103],{"class":102},[74,80749,107],{"class":106},[74,80751,7751],{"class":1345},[74,80753,107],{"class":106},[74,80755,418],{"class":110},[74,80757,130],{"class":106},[20,80759,157],{},[65,80761,80763],{"className":67,"code":80762,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,80764,80765],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,80766,80767,80769,80771,80773,80775,80777,80779,80781,80783,80785,80787,80789,80791],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,80768,742],{"class":106},[74,80770,2946],{"class":88},[74,80772,2632],{"class":92},[74,80774,2946],{"class":88},[74,80776,249],{"class":106},[74,80778,2941],{"class":88},[74,80780,687],{"class":92},[74,80782,2946],{"class":88},[74,80784,249],{"class":106},[74,80786,2941],{"class":88},[74,80788,321],{"class":92},[74,80790,2946],{"class":88},[74,80792,3284],{"class":106},[262,80794,80796],{"id":80795},"you-can-loop-over-a-map-object-directly","You can loop over a map object directly",[65,80798,80800],{"className":67,"code":80799,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,80801,80802,80822,80840,80844,80857],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,80803,80804,80806,80808,80810,80812,80814,80816,80818,80820],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,80805,3266],{"class":80},[74,80807,85],{"class":84},[74,80809,3271],{"class":106},[74,80811,2632],{"class":167},[74,80813,249],{"class":106},[74,80815,620],{"class":167},[74,80817,249],{"class":106},[74,80819,2094],{"class":167},[74,80821,3284],{"class":106},[74,80823,80824,80826,80828,80830,80832,80834,80836,80838],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,80825,383],{"class":80},[74,80827,85],{"class":84},[74,80829,79659],{"class":102},[74,80831,107],{"class":106},[74,80833,3090],{"class":1345},[74,80835,249],{"class":106},[74,80837,3914],{"class":110},[74,80839,260],{"class":106},[74,80841,80842],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,80843,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,80845,80846,80848,80850,80852,80855],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,80847,5609],{"class":3529},[74,80849,5612],{"class":80},[74,80851,351],{"class":3529},[74,80853,80854],{"class":80}," result",[74,80856,6046],{"class":106},[74,80858,80859,80861,80863,80865],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,80860,7726],{"class":102},[74,80862,107],{"class":106},[74,80864,22966],{"class":110},[74,80866,260],{"class":106},[20,80868,157],{},[65,80870,80872],{"className":67,"code":80871,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"1\n2\n3\n",[15,80873,80874,80878,80882],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,80875,80876],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,80877,669],{"class":167},[74,80879,80880],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,80881,173],{"class":167},[74,80883,80884],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,80885,168],{"class":167},[262,80887,80889],{"id":80888},"a-map-object-is-exhausted-after-use","A map object is exhausted after use",[20,80891,80892],{},"Once you consume a map object, it is empty the next time.",[65,80894,80896],{"className":67,"code":80895,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80897,80898,80918,80936,80940,80954],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,80899,80900,80902,80904,80906,80908,80910,80912,80914,80916],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,80901,3266],{"class":80},[74,80903,85],{"class":84},[74,80905,3271],{"class":106},[74,80907,2632],{"class":167},[74,80909,249],{"class":106},[74,80911,620],{"class":167},[74,80913,249],{"class":106},[74,80915,2094],{"class":167},[74,80917,3284],{"class":106},[74,80919,80920,80922,80924,80926,80928,80930,80932,80934],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,80921,383],{"class":80},[74,80923,85],{"class":84},[74,80925,79659],{"class":102},[74,80927,107],{"class":106},[74,80929,3090],{"class":1345},[74,80931,249],{"class":106},[74,80933,3914],{"class":110},[74,80935,260],{"class":106},[74,80937,80938],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,80939,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,80941,80942,80944,80946,80948,80950,80952],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,80943,103],{"class":102},[74,80945,107],{"class":106},[74,80947,7751],{"class":1345},[74,80949,107],{"class":106},[74,80951,418],{"class":110},[74,80953,130],{"class":106},[74,80955,80956,80958,80960,80962,80964,80966],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,80957,103],{"class":102},[74,80959,107],{"class":106},[74,80961,7751],{"class":1345},[74,80963,107],{"class":106},[74,80965,418],{"class":110},[74,80967,130],{"class":106},[20,80969,157],{},[65,80971,80973],{"className":67,"code":80972,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"['1', '2', '3']\n[]\n",[15,80974,80975,81003],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,80976,80977,80979,80981,80983,80985,80987,80989,80991,80993,80995,80997,80999,81001],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,80978,742],{"class":106},[74,80980,2946],{"class":88},[74,80982,2632],{"class":92},[74,80984,2946],{"class":88},[74,80986,249],{"class":106},[74,80988,2941],{"class":88},[74,80990,687],{"class":92},[74,80992,2946],{"class":88},[74,80994,249],{"class":106},[74,80996,2941],{"class":88},[74,80998,321],{"class":92},[74,81000,2946],{"class":88},[74,81002,3284],{"class":106},[74,81004,81005],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,81006,37953],{"class":106},[20,81008,81009],{},"The second list is empty because the map object was already used.",[20,81011,81012],{},"If you need the values more than once, store them in a list:",[65,81014,81016],{"className":67,"code":81015,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,81017,81018,81038,81060,81064,81074],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,81019,81020,81022,81024,81026,81028,81030,81032,81034,81036],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,81021,3266],{"class":80},[74,81023,85],{"class":84},[74,81025,3271],{"class":106},[74,81027,2632],{"class":167},[74,81029,249],{"class":106},[74,81031,620],{"class":167},[74,81033,249],{"class":106},[74,81035,2094],{"class":167},[74,81037,3284],{"class":106},[74,81039,81040,81042,81044,81046,81048,81050,81052,81054,81056,81058],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,81041,383],{"class":80},[74,81043,85],{"class":84},[74,81045,22216],{"class":1345},[74,81047,107],{"class":106},[74,81049,39516],{"class":102},[74,81051,107],{"class":106},[74,81053,3090],{"class":1345},[74,81055,249],{"class":106},[74,81057,3914],{"class":110},[74,81059,130],{"class":106},[74,81061,81062],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,81063,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,81065,81066,81068,81070,81072],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,81067,103],{"class":102},[74,81069,107],{"class":106},[74,81071,418],{"class":110},[74,81073,260],{"class":106},[74,81075,81076,81078,81080,81082],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,81077,103],{"class":102},[74,81079,107],{"class":106},[74,81081,418],{"class":110},[74,81083,260],{"class":106},[20,81085,157],{},[65,81087,81089],{"className":67,"code":81088,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"['1', '2', '3']\n['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,81090,81091,81119],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,81092,81093,81095,81097,81099,81101,81103,81105,81107,81109,81111,81113,81115,81117],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,81094,742],{"class":106},[74,81096,2946],{"class":88},[74,81098,2632],{"class":92},[74,81100,2946],{"class":88},[74,81102,249],{"class":106},[74,81104,2941],{"class":88},[74,81106,687],{"class":92},[74,81108,2946],{"class":88},[74,81110,249],{"class":106},[74,81112,2941],{"class":88},[74,81114,321],{"class":92},[74,81116,2946],{"class":88},[74,81118,3284],{"class":106},[74,81120,81121,81123,81125,81127,81129,81131,81133,81135,81137,81139,81141,81143,81145],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,81122,742],{"class":106},[74,81124,2946],{"class":88},[74,81126,2632],{"class":92},[74,81128,2946],{"class":88},[74,81130,249],{"class":106},[74,81132,2941],{"class":88},[74,81134,687],{"class":92},[74,81136,2946],{"class":88},[74,81138,249],{"class":106},[74,81140,2941],{"class":88},[74,81142,321],{"class":92},[74,81144,2946],{"class":88},[74,81146,3284],{"class":106},[60,81148,1260,81150],{"id":81149},"when-to-use-map",[15,81151,39373],{},[20,81153,81154,81156],{},[15,81155,39373],{}," is a good choice when you want to apply one function to every item.",[20,81158,81159],{},"It works especially well with simple built-in functions such as:",[30,81161,81162,81166,81170],{},[33,81163,81164],{},[15,81165,3090],{},[33,81167,81168],{},[15,81169,1831],{},[33,81171,81172],{},[15,81173,1664],{},[20,81175,506],{},[65,81177,81179],{"className":67,"code":81178,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"values = ['1', '2', '3']\nnumbers = list(map(int, values))\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,81180,81181,81213,81235,81239],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,81182,81183,81185,81187,81189,81191,81193,81195,81197,81199,81201,81203,81205,81207,81209,81211],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,81184,3474],{"class":80},[74,81186,85],{"class":84},[74,81188,3271],{"class":106},[74,81190,2946],{"class":88},[74,81192,2632],{"class":92},[74,81194,2946],{"class":88},[74,81196,249],{"class":106},[74,81198,2941],{"class":88},[74,81200,687],{"class":92},[74,81202,2946],{"class":88},[74,81204,249],{"class":106},[74,81206,2941],{"class":88},[74,81208,321],{"class":92},[74,81210,2946],{"class":88},[74,81212,3284],{"class":106},[74,81214,81215,81217,81219,81221,81223,81225,81227,81229,81231,81233],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,81216,3266],{"class":80},[74,81218,85],{"class":84},[74,81220,22216],{"class":1345},[74,81222,107],{"class":106},[74,81224,39516],{"class":102},[74,81226,107],{"class":106},[74,81228,1831],{"class":1345},[74,81230,249],{"class":106},[74,81232,3538],{"class":110},[74,81234,130],{"class":106},[74,81236,81237],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,81238,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,81240,81241,81243,81245,81247],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,81242,103],{"class":102},[74,81244,107],{"class":106},[74,81246,3298],{"class":110},[74,81248,260],{"class":106},[20,81250,157],{},[65,81252,81253],{"className":67,"code":54802,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,81254,81255],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,81256,81257,81259,81261,81263,81265,81267,81269],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,81258,742],{"class":106},[74,81260,2632],{"class":167},[74,81262,249],{"class":106},[74,81264,620],{"class":167},[74,81266,249],{"class":106},[74,81268,2094],{"class":167},[74,81270,3284],{"class":106},[20,81272,81273],{},"For beginners, a list comprehension is often easier to read.",[20,81275,81276],{},"For example, these do similar work:",[65,81278,81280],{"className":67,"code":81279,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,81281,81282,81302,81324],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,81283,81284,81286,81288,81290,81292,81294,81296,81298,81300],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,81285,3266],{"class":80},[74,81287,85],{"class":84},[74,81289,3271],{"class":106},[74,81291,2632],{"class":167},[74,81293,249],{"class":106},[74,81295,620],{"class":167},[74,81297,249],{"class":106},[74,81299,2094],{"class":167},[74,81301,3284],{"class":106},[74,81303,81304,81306,81308,81310,81312,81314,81316,81318,81320,81322],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,81305,383],{"class":80},[74,81307,85],{"class":84},[74,81309,22216],{"class":1345},[74,81311,107],{"class":106},[74,81313,39516],{"class":102},[74,81315,107],{"class":106},[74,81317,3090],{"class":1345},[74,81319,249],{"class":106},[74,81321,3914],{"class":110},[74,81323,130],{"class":106},[74,81325,81326,81328,81330,81332],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,81327,103],{"class":102},[74,81329,107],{"class":106},[74,81331,418],{"class":110},[74,81333,260],{"class":106},[65,81335,81337],{"className":67,"code":81336,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = [str(n) for n in numbers]\nprint(result)\n",[15,81338,81339,81359,81386],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,81340,81341,81343,81345,81347,81349,81351,81353,81355,81357],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,81342,3266],{"class":80},[74,81344,85],{"class":84},[74,81346,3271],{"class":106},[74,81348,2632],{"class":167},[74,81350,249],{"class":106},[74,81352,620],{"class":167},[74,81354,249],{"class":106},[74,81356,2094],{"class":167},[74,81358,3284],{"class":106},[74,81360,81361,81363,81365,81367,81369,81371,81373,81375,81377,81380,81382,81384],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,81362,383],{"class":80},[74,81364,85],{"class":84},[74,81366,3271],{"class":106},[74,81368,3090],{"class":1345},[74,81370,107],{"class":106},[74,81372,75668],{"class":110},[74,81374,3311],{"class":106},[74,81376,3530],{"class":3529},[74,81378,81379],{"class":80}," n ",[74,81381,351],{"class":3529},[74,81383,3914],{"class":80},[74,81385,3284],{"class":106},[74,81387,81388,81390,81392,81394],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,81389,103],{"class":102},[74,81391,107],{"class":106},[74,81393,418],{"class":110},[74,81395,260],{"class":106},[20,81397,81398],{},"Both produce:",[65,81400,81401],{"className":67,"code":80762,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,81402,81403],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,81404,81405,81407,81409,81411,81413,81415,81417,81419,81421,81423,81425,81427,81429],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,81406,742],{"class":106},[74,81408,2946],{"class":88},[74,81410,2632],{"class":92},[74,81412,2946],{"class":88},[74,81414,249],{"class":106},[74,81416,2941],{"class":88},[74,81418,687],{"class":92},[74,81420,2946],{"class":88},[74,81422,249],{"class":106},[74,81424,2941],{"class":88},[74,81426,321],{"class":92},[74,81428,2946],{"class":88},[74,81430,3284],{"class":106},[20,81432,81433],{},"A simple rule:",[30,81435,81436,81441,81446],{},[33,81437,39647,81438,81440],{},[15,81439,39373],{}," when applying a clear function to every item",[33,81442,39653,81443,81445],{},[15,81444,5609],{}," loop when you need more steps or more explanation",[33,81447,81448],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a compact and readable transformation",[20,81450,81451,81452,114],{},"If you want more practice with that style, see ",[125,81453,4044],{"href":4043},[60,81455,4170],{"id":4169},[262,81457,81459,81460],{"id":81458},"_1-forgetting-to-convert-the-result-to-list","1. Forgetting to convert the result to ",[15,81461,24437],{},[20,81463,81464],{},"This is very common:",[65,81466,81467],{"className":67,"code":80612,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,81468,81469,81489,81507,81511],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,81470,81471,81473,81475,81477,81479,81481,81483,81485,81487],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,81472,3266],{"class":80},[74,81474,85],{"class":84},[74,81476,3271],{"class":106},[74,81478,2632],{"class":167},[74,81480,249],{"class":106},[74,81482,620],{"class":167},[74,81484,249],{"class":106},[74,81486,2094],{"class":167},[74,81488,3284],{"class":106},[74,81490,81491,81493,81495,81497,81499,81501,81503,81505],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,81492,383],{"class":80},[74,81494,85],{"class":84},[74,81496,79659],{"class":102},[74,81498,107],{"class":106},[74,81500,3090],{"class":1345},[74,81502,249],{"class":106},[74,81504,3914],{"class":110},[74,81506,260],{"class":106},[74,81508,81509],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,81510,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,81512,81513,81515,81517,81519],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,81514,103],{"class":102},[74,81516,107],{"class":106},[74,81518,418],{"class":110},[74,81520,260],{"class":106},[20,81522,81523],{},"This prints the map object, not the values.",[20,81525,38918],{},[65,81527,81529],{"className":67,"code":81528,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(list(result))\n",[15,81530,81531],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,81532,81533,81535,81537,81539,81541,81543],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,81534,103],{"class":102},[74,81536,107],{"class":106},[74,81538,7751],{"class":1345},[74,81540,107],{"class":106},[74,81542,418],{"class":110},[74,81544,130],{"class":106},[262,81546,81548],{"id":81547},"_2-calling-the-function-instead-of-passing-it","2. Calling the function instead of passing it",[20,81550,16302],{},[65,81552,81554],{"className":67,"code":81553,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str(), numbers)\n",[15,81555,81556,81576],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,81557,81558,81560,81562,81564,81566,81568,81570,81572,81574],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,81559,3266],{"class":80},[74,81561,85],{"class":84},[74,81563,3271],{"class":106},[74,81565,2632],{"class":167},[74,81567,249],{"class":106},[74,81569,620],{"class":167},[74,81571,249],{"class":106},[74,81573,2094],{"class":167},[74,81575,3284],{"class":106},[74,81577,81578,81580,81582,81584,81586,81588,81591,81593],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,81579,383],{"class":80},[74,81581,85],{"class":84},[74,81583,79659],{"class":102},[74,81585,107],{"class":106},[74,81587,3090],{"class":1345},[74,81589,81590],{"class":106},"(),",[74,81592,3914],{"class":110},[74,81594,260],{"class":106},[20,81596,81597,81598,81600,81601,81603],{},"This is wrong because ",[15,81599,47336],{}," is being called immediately. ",[15,81602,39373],{}," needs the function itself, not the result of calling it.",[20,81605,16314],{},[65,81607,81608],{"className":67,"code":80699,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,81609,81610,81630,81648,81652],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,81611,81612,81614,81616,81618,81620,81622,81624,81626,81628],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,81613,3266],{"class":80},[74,81615,85],{"class":84},[74,81617,3271],{"class":106},[74,81619,2632],{"class":167},[74,81621,249],{"class":106},[74,81623,620],{"class":167},[74,81625,249],{"class":106},[74,81627,2094],{"class":167},[74,81629,3284],{"class":106},[74,81631,81632,81634,81636,81638,81640,81642,81644,81646],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,81633,383],{"class":80},[74,81635,85],{"class":84},[74,81637,79659],{"class":102},[74,81639,107],{"class":106},[74,81641,3090],{"class":1345},[74,81643,249],{"class":106},[74,81645,3914],{"class":110},[74,81647,260],{"class":106},[74,81649,81650],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,81651,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,81653,81654,81656,81658,81660,81662,81664],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,81655,103],{"class":102},[74,81657,107],{"class":106},[74,81659,7751],{"class":1345},[74,81661,107],{"class":106},[74,81663,418],{"class":110},[74,81665,130],{"class":106},[262,81667,81669],{"id":81668},"_3-using-a-function-with-the-wrong-number-of-parameters","3. Using a function with the wrong number of parameters",[20,81671,81672],{},"If your function needs two arguments, but you pass only one iterable, it will fail.",[20,81674,16302],{},[65,81676,81678],{"className":67,"code":81677,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(add, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81679,81680,81697,81707,81711,81731,81750,81754],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,81681,81682,81684,81687,81689,81691,81693,81695],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,81683,34508],{"class":1711},[74,81685,81686],{"class":34511}," add",[74,81688,107],{"class":106},[74,81690,125],{"class":37318},[74,81692,249],{"class":106},[74,81694,2203],{"class":37318},[74,81696,8000],{"class":106},[74,81698,81699,81701,81703,81705],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,81700,34519],{"class":3529},[74,81702,44199],{"class":80},[74,81704,1706],{"class":84},[74,81706,35838],{"class":80},[74,81708,81709],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,81710,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,81712,81713,81715,81717,81719,81721,81723,81725,81727,81729],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,81714,3266],{"class":80},[74,81716,85],{"class":84},[74,81718,3271],{"class":106},[74,81720,2632],{"class":167},[74,81722,249],{"class":106},[74,81724,620],{"class":167},[74,81726,249],{"class":106},[74,81728,2094],{"class":167},[74,81730,3284],{"class":106},[74,81732,81733,81735,81737,81739,81741,81744,81746,81748],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,81734,383],{"class":80},[74,81736,85],{"class":84},[74,81738,79659],{"class":102},[74,81740,107],{"class":106},[74,81742,81743],{"class":110},"add",[74,81745,249],{"class":106},[74,81747,3914],{"class":110},[74,81749,260],{"class":106},[74,81751,81752],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,81753,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,81755,81756,81758,81760,81762,81764,81766],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,81757,103],{"class":102},[74,81759,107],{"class":106},[74,81761,7751],{"class":1345},[74,81763,107],{"class":106},[74,81765,418],{"class":110},[74,81767,130],{"class":106},[20,81769,16314],{},[65,81771,81773],{"className":67,"code":81772,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(add, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81774,81775,81791,81801,81805,81825,81845,81867,81871],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,81776,81777,81779,81781,81783,81785,81787,81789],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,81778,34508],{"class":1711},[74,81780,81686],{"class":34511},[74,81782,107],{"class":106},[74,81784,125],{"class":37318},[74,81786,249],{"class":106},[74,81788,2203],{"class":37318},[74,81790,8000],{"class":106},[74,81792,81793,81795,81797,81799],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,81794,34519],{"class":3529},[74,81796,44199],{"class":80},[74,81798,1706],{"class":84},[74,81800,35838],{"class":80},[74,81802,81803],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,81804,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,81806,81807,81809,81811,81813,81815,81817,81819,81821,81823],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,81808,80295],{"class":80},[74,81810,85],{"class":84},[74,81812,3271],{"class":106},[74,81814,2632],{"class":167},[74,81816,249],{"class":106},[74,81818,620],{"class":167},[74,81820,249],{"class":106},[74,81822,2094],{"class":167},[74,81824,3284],{"class":106},[74,81826,81827,81829,81831,81833,81835,81837,81839,81841,81843],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,81828,80316],{"class":80},[74,81830,85],{"class":84},[74,81832,3271],{"class":106},[74,81834,1972],{"class":167},[74,81836,249],{"class":106},[74,81838,7446],{"class":167},[74,81840,249],{"class":106},[74,81842,7451],{"class":167},[74,81844,3284],{"class":106},[74,81846,81847,81849,81851,81853,81855,81857,81859,81861,81863,81865],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,81848,383],{"class":80},[74,81850,85],{"class":84},[74,81852,79659],{"class":102},[74,81854,107],{"class":106},[74,81856,81743],{"class":110},[74,81858,249],{"class":106},[74,81860,80354],{"class":110},[74,81862,249],{"class":106},[74,81864,80359],{"class":110},[74,81866,260],{"class":106},[74,81868,81869],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,81870,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,81872,81873,81875,81877,81879,81881,81883],{"class":76,"line":6079},[74,81874,103],{"class":102},[74,81876,107],{"class":106},[74,81878,7751],{"class":1345},[74,81880,107],{"class":106},[74,81882,418],{"class":110},[74,81884,130],{"class":106},[262,81886,81888],{"id":81887},"_4-reusing-the-same-map-object","4. Reusing the same map object",[20,81890,16302],{},[65,81892,81893],{"className":67,"code":80895,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,81894,81895,81915,81933,81937,81951],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,81896,81897,81899,81901,81903,81905,81907,81909,81911,81913],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,81898,3266],{"class":80},[74,81900,85],{"class":84},[74,81902,3271],{"class":106},[74,81904,2632],{"class":167},[74,81906,249],{"class":106},[74,81908,620],{"class":167},[74,81910,249],{"class":106},[74,81912,2094],{"class":167},[74,81914,3284],{"class":106},[74,81916,81917,81919,81921,81923,81925,81927,81929,81931],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,81918,383],{"class":80},[74,81920,85],{"class":84},[74,81922,79659],{"class":102},[74,81924,107],{"class":106},[74,81926,3090],{"class":1345},[74,81928,249],{"class":106},[74,81930,3914],{"class":110},[74,81932,260],{"class":106},[74,81934,81935],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,81936,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,81938,81939,81941,81943,81945,81947,81949],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,81940,103],{"class":102},[74,81942,107],{"class":106},[74,81944,7751],{"class":1345},[74,81946,107],{"class":106},[74,81948,418],{"class":110},[74,81950,130],{"class":106},[74,81952,81953,81955,81957,81959,81961,81963],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,81954,103],{"class":102},[74,81956,107],{"class":106},[74,81958,7751],{"class":1345},[74,81960,107],{"class":106},[74,81962,418],{"class":110},[74,81964,130],{"class":106},[20,81966,81967],{},"The second result is empty.",[20,81969,81970],{},"Fix: create a new map object, or convert once and save the list.",[60,81972,67536],{"id":67535},[20,81974,1318,81975,81977],{},[15,81976,39373],{}," is not doing what you expect, these quick checks can help:",[65,81979,81981],{"className":67,"code":81980,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(result)\nprint(list(result))\nprint(type(result))\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,81982,81983,81993,82007,82021,82033],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,81984,81985,81987,81989,81991],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,81986,103],{"class":102},[74,81988,107],{"class":106},[74,81990,418],{"class":110},[74,81992,260],{"class":106},[74,81994,81995,81997,81999,82001,82003,82005],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,81996,103],{"class":102},[74,81998,107],{"class":106},[74,82000,7751],{"class":1345},[74,82002,107],{"class":106},[74,82004,418],{"class":110},[74,82006,130],{"class":106},[74,82008,82009,82011,82013,82015,82017,82019],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,82010,103],{"class":102},[74,82012,107],{"class":106},[74,82014,1346],{"class":1345},[74,82016,107],{"class":106},[74,82018,418],{"class":110},[74,82020,130],{"class":106},[74,82022,82023,82025,82027,82029,82031],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,82024,5609],{"class":3529},[74,82026,5612],{"class":80},[74,82028,351],{"class":3529},[74,82030,80854],{"class":80},[74,82032,6046],{"class":106},[74,82034,82035,82037,82039,82041],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,82036,7726],{"class":102},[74,82038,107],{"class":106},[74,82040,22966],{"class":110},[74,82042,260],{"class":106},[20,82044,12331],{},[30,82046,82047,82052,82057,82063],{},[33,82048,82049,82051],{},[15,82050,32684],{}," shows that you have a map object",[33,82053,82054,82056],{},[15,82055,32692],{}," shows the actual mapped values",[33,82058,82059,82062],{},[15,82060,82061],{},"print(type(result))"," confirms the result type",[33,82064,82065,82066,82068],{},"looping over ",[15,82067,418],{}," lets you inspect items one by one",[20,82070,82071,82072,82075,82076,82078],{},"Be careful: ",[15,82073,82074],{},"list(result)"," and a ",[15,82077,5609],{}," loop consume the map object.",[60,82080,1471],{"id":1470},[262,82082,1517,82084,82086],{"id":82083},"does-map-return-a-list-in-python",[15,82085,39373],{}," return a list in Python?",[20,82088,82089,82090,82092,82093,23594],{},"No. In Python 3, ",[15,82091,39373],{}," returns a map object. Use ",[15,82094,82095],{},"list(map(...))",[262,82097,1485,82099,82101,82102,82104],{"id":82098},"is-map-better-than-a-for-loop",[15,82100,39373],{}," better than a ",[15,82103,5609],{}," loop?",[20,82106,82107,82108,82110,82111,82113],{},"Not always. ",[15,82109,39373],{}," is shorter for simple transformations, but a ",[15,82112,5609],{}," loop can be easier to read.",[262,82115,1507,82117,82119],{"id":82116},"can-map-use-more-than-one-list",[15,82118,39373],{}," use more than one list?",[20,82121,82122],{},"Yes. Pass multiple iterables, and use a function that accepts one argument for each iterable.",[262,82124,82126],{"id":82125},"why-is-my-map-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my map object empty the second time?",[20,82128,82129],{},"A map object is consumed as you iterate over it. Create a new one if you need to use it again.",[60,82131,1527],{"id":1526},[30,82133,82134,82140,82146,82150,82154],{},[33,82135,82136],{},[125,82137,3223,82138,3156],{"href":39742},[15,82139,37231],{},[33,82141,82142],{},[125,82143,3223,82144,3156],{"href":64493},[15,82145,24437],{},[33,82147,82148],{},[125,82149,4870],{"href":4783},[33,82151,82152],{},[125,82153,4875],{"href":4043},[33,82155,82156],{},[125,82157,4865],{"href":4787},[1566,82159,82160],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":70,"searchDepth":99,"depth":99,"links":82162},[82163,82164,82166,82167,82168,82170,82175,82182,82184,82191,82192,82201],{"id":62,"depth":99,"text":63},{"id":79738,"depth":99,"text":82165},"What map() does",{"id":226,"depth":99,"text":227},{"id":356,"depth":99,"text":357},{"id":80057,"depth":99,"text":82169},"Using map() with your own function",{"id":80241,"depth":99,"text":82171,"children":82172},"Using map() with multiple iterables",[82173],{"id":80429,"depth":133,"text":82174},"map() stops at the shortest iterable",{"id":80586,"depth":99,"text":82176,"children":82177},"map() returns an iterator-like object",[82178,82180,82181],{"id":80604,"depth":133,"text":82179},"Why print(result) looks strange",{"id":80795,"depth":133,"text":80796},{"id":80888,"depth":133,"text":80889},{"id":81149,"depth":99,"text":82183},"When to use map()",{"id":4169,"depth":99,"text":4170,"children":82185},[82186,82188,82189,82190],{"id":81458,"depth":133,"text":82187},"1. Forgetting to convert the result to list()",{"id":81547,"depth":133,"text":81548},{"id":81668,"depth":133,"text":81669},{"id":81887,"depth":133,"text":81888},{"id":67535,"depth":99,"text":67536},{"id":1470,"depth":99,"text":1471,"children":82193},[82194,82196,82198,82200],{"id":82083,"depth":133,"text":82195},"Does map() return a list in Python?",{"id":82098,"depth":133,"text":82197},"Is map() better than a for loop?",{"id":82116,"depth":133,"text":82199},"Can map() use more than one list?",{"id":82125,"depth":133,"text":82126},{"id":1526,"depth":99,"text":1527},"Master python map function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained",{"title":79570,"description":82202},"reference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained","4MI2YLPo_ZE_nkJe3whDWQ5FDq18dCJHZg2kU_VJhkQ",{"id":82209,"title":82210,"body":82211,"description":84231,"extension":1610,"meta":84232,"navigation":407,"path":84233,"seo":84234,"stem":84235,"__hash__":84236},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained.md","Python max() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":82212,"toc":84189},[82213,82219,82224,82227,82235,82238,82240,82364,82366,82384,82386,82406,82411,82415,82429,82432,82435,82437,82442,82554,82557,82575,82581,82584,82646,82648,82657,82660,82674,82676,82724,82726,82735,82745,82751,82754,82781,82783,82791,82794,82797,82867,82869,82877,82880,82885,82890,82941,82943,82951,82954,82956,82973,82975,83027,83030,83036,83040,83045,83048,83052,83111,83113,83122,83128,83137,83141,83204,83206,83214,83219,83223,83228,83308,83310,83319,83326,83331,83336,83339,83374,83376,83384,83387,83393,83395,83445,83447,83456,83459,83477,83479,83484,83490,83497,83524,83526,83549,83554,83589,83594,83600,83605,83648,83651,83654,83693,83700,83706,83711,83726,83730,83737,83740,83744,83749,83753,83758,83760,83821,83823,83852,83857,83864,83873,83875,83878,83903,83905,84008,84011,84029,84038,84040,84045,84048,84054,84057,84059,84069,84075,84079,84137,84144,84152,84154,84186],[10,82214,3223,82216,3227],{"id":82215},"python-max-function-explained",[15,82217,82218],{},"max()",[20,82220,8778,82221,82223],{},[15,82222,82218],{}," function returns the largest item.",[20,82225,82226],{},"You can use it in two main ways:",[30,82228,82229,82232],{},[33,82230,82231],{},"To get the largest item from an iterable like a list or tuple",[33,82233,82234],{},"To compare two or more separate values",[20,82236,82237],{},"This is useful when you want the highest number, the alphabetically largest string, or the biggest item based on a custom rule.",[60,82239,63],{"id":62},[65,82241,82243],{"className":67,"code":82242,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\nprint(max(numbers))\n\nprint(max(3, 8, 2, 5))\n\nwords = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,82244,82245,82269,82284,82288,82314,82318,82350],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,82246,82247,82249,82251,82253,82255,82257,82259,82261,82263,82265,82267],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,82248,3266],{"class":80},[74,82250,85],{"class":84},[74,82252,3271],{"class":106},[74,82254,321],{"class":167},[74,82256,249],{"class":106},[74,82258,6012],{"class":167},[74,82260,249],{"class":106},[74,82262,620],{"class":167},[74,82264,249],{"class":106},[74,82266,651],{"class":167},[74,82268,3284],{"class":106},[74,82270,82271,82273,82275,82278,82280,82282],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,82272,103],{"class":102},[74,82274,107],{"class":106},[74,82276,82277],{"class":102},"max",[74,82279,107],{"class":106},[74,82281,3298],{"class":110},[74,82283,130],{"class":106},[74,82285,82286],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,82287,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,82289,82290,82292,82294,82296,82298,82300,82302,82304,82306,82308,82310,82312],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,82291,103],{"class":102},[74,82293,107],{"class":106},[74,82295,82277],{"class":102},[74,82297,107],{"class":106},[74,82299,321],{"class":167},[74,82301,249],{"class":106},[74,82303,6012],{"class":167},[74,82305,249],{"class":106},[74,82307,620],{"class":167},[74,82309,249],{"class":106},[74,82311,651],{"class":167},[74,82313,130],{"class":106},[74,82315,82316],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,82317,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,82319,82320,82322,82324,82326,82328,82330,82332,82334,82336,82338,82340,82342,82344,82346,82348],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,82321,3722],{"class":80},[74,82323,85],{"class":84},[74,82325,3271],{"class":106},[74,82327,122],{"class":88},[74,82329,376],{"class":92},[74,82331,122],{"class":88},[74,82333,249],{"class":106},[74,82335,89],{"class":88},[74,82337,93],{"class":92},[74,82339,122],{"class":88},[74,82341,249],{"class":106},[74,82343,89],{"class":88},[74,82345,78381],{"class":92},[74,82347,122],{"class":88},[74,82349,3284],{"class":106},[74,82351,82352,82354,82356,82358,82360,82362],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,82353,103],{"class":102},[74,82355,107],{"class":106},[74,82357,82277],{"class":102},[74,82359,107],{"class":106},[74,82361,3764],{"class":110},[74,82363,130],{"class":106},[20,82365,157],{},[65,82367,82369],{"className":67,"code":82368,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"8\n8\npear\n",[15,82370,82371,82375,82379],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,82372,82373],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,82374,2023],{"class":167},[74,82376,82377],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,82378,2023],{"class":167},[74,82380,82381],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,82382,82383],{"class":80},"pear\n",[20,82385,19612],{},[30,82387,82388,82394,82400],{},[33,82389,82390,82393],{},[15,82391,82392],{},"max(numbers)"," uses the iterable form",[33,82395,82396,82399],{},[15,82397,82398],{},"max(3, 8, 2, 5)"," uses separate arguments",[33,82401,82402,82405],{},[15,82403,82404],{},"max(words)"," compares strings alphabetically",[60,82407,3328,82409,38],{"id":82408},"what-max-does",[15,82410,82218],{},[20,82412,82413,679],{},[15,82414,82218],{},[30,82416,82417,82420,82423,82426],{},[33,82418,82419],{},"Returns the largest item",[33,82421,82422],{},"Works with a list, tuple, string, set, or other iterable",[33,82424,82425],{},"Also works with two or more separate values",[33,82427,82428],{},"Compares items using Python’s normal ordering rules",[20,82430,82431],{},"For numbers, “largest” means the highest value.",[20,82433,82434],{},"For strings, “largest” means the item that comes last in alphabetical order.",[60,82436,227],{"id":226},[20,82438,82439,82440,679],{},"Here are the main forms of ",[15,82441,82218],{},[65,82443,82445],{"className":67,"code":82444,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"max(iterable)\nmax(iterable, *, key=func)\nmax(iterable, *, default=value)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args, key=func)\n",[15,82446,82447,82457,82481,82503,82526],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,82448,82449,82451,82453,82455],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,82450,82277],{"class":102},[74,82452,107],{"class":106},[74,82454,3371],{"class":110},[74,82456,260],{"class":106},[74,82458,82459,82461,82463,82465,82467,82470,82472,82474,82476,82479],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,82460,82277],{"class":102},[74,82462,107],{"class":106},[74,82464,3371],{"class":110},[74,82466,249],{"class":106},[74,82468,82469],{"class":84}," *",[74,82471,249],{"class":106},[74,82473,21235],{"class":8831},[74,82475,85],{"class":84},[74,82477,82478],{"class":110},"func",[74,82480,260],{"class":106},[74,82482,82483,82485,82487,82489,82491,82493,82495,82497,82499,82501],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,82484,82277],{"class":102},[74,82486,107],{"class":106},[74,82488,3371],{"class":110},[74,82490,249],{"class":106},[74,82492,82469],{"class":84},[74,82494,249],{"class":106},[74,82496,26177],{"class":8831},[74,82498,85],{"class":84},[74,82500,246],{"class":110},[74,82502,260],{"class":106},[74,82504,82505,82507,82509,82512,82514,82517,82519,82521,82524],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,82506,82277],{"class":102},[74,82508,107],{"class":106},[74,82510,82511],{"class":110},"arg1",[74,82513,249],{"class":106},[74,82515,82516],{"class":110}," arg2",[74,82518,249],{"class":106},[74,82520,82469],{"class":84},[74,82522,82523],{"class":110},"args",[74,82525,260],{"class":106},[74,82527,82528,82530,82532,82534,82536,82538,82540,82542,82544,82546,82548,82550,82552],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,82529,82277],{"class":102},[74,82531,107],{"class":106},[74,82533,82511],{"class":110},[74,82535,249],{"class":106},[74,82537,82516],{"class":110},[74,82539,249],{"class":106},[74,82541,82469],{"class":84},[74,82543,82523],{"class":110},[74,82545,249],{"class":106},[74,82547,21235],{"class":8831},[74,82549,85],{"class":84},[74,82551,82478],{"class":110},[74,82553,260],{"class":106},[20,82555,82556],{},"The most important parts are:",[30,82558,82559,82564,82569],{},[33,82560,82561,82563],{},[15,82562,3371],{},": a collection like a list, tuple, or string",[33,82565,82566,82568],{},[15,82567,14499],{},": a function that tells Python how to compare items",[33,82570,82571,82574],{},[15,82572,82573],{},"default",": a value to return if the iterable is empty",[60,82576,571,82578,82580],{"id":82577},"using-max-with-a-list-of-numbers",[15,82579,82218],{}," with a list of numbers",[20,82582,82583],{},"This is the most common beginner use case.",[65,82585,82587],{"className":67,"code":82586,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"scores = [72, 91, 85, 66]\nhighest_score = max(scores)\n\nprint(highest_score)\n",[15,82588,82589,82615,82631,82635],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,82590,82591,82593,82595,82597,82600,82602,82604,82606,82608,82610,82613],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,82592,4715],{"class":80},[74,82594,85],{"class":84},[74,82596,3271],{"class":106},[74,82598,82599],{"class":167},"72",[74,82601,249],{"class":106},[74,82603,51162],{"class":167},[74,82605,249],{"class":106},[74,82607,13164],{"class":167},[74,82609,249],{"class":106},[74,82611,82612],{"class":167}," 66",[74,82614,3284],{"class":106},[74,82616,82617,82620,82622,82625,82627,82629],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,82618,82619],{"class":80},"highest_score ",[74,82621,85],{"class":84},[74,82623,82624],{"class":102}," max",[74,82626,107],{"class":106},[74,82628,16047],{"class":110},[74,82630,260],{"class":106},[74,82632,82633],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,82634,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,82636,82637,82639,82641,82644],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,82638,103],{"class":102},[74,82640,107],{"class":106},[74,82642,82643],{"class":110},"highest_score",[74,82645,260],{"class":106},[20,82647,157],{},[65,82649,82651],{"className":67,"code":82650,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"91\n",[15,82652,82653],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,82654,82655],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,82656,82650],{"class":167},[20,82658,82659],{},"This works well for:",[30,82661,82662,82665,82668,82671],{},[33,82663,82664],{},"Scores",[33,82666,82667],{},"Prices",[33,82669,82670],{},"Ages",[33,82672,82673],{},"Counts",[20,82675,51732],{},[65,82677,82679],{"className":67,"code":82678,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"prices = [19.99, 5.50, 12.75, 29.00]\nprint(max(prices))\n",[15,82680,82681,82709],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,82682,82683,82686,82688,82690,82692,82694,82697,82699,82702,82704,82707],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,82684,82685],{"class":80},"prices ",[74,82687,85],{"class":84},[74,82689,3271],{"class":106},[74,82691,40055],{"class":167},[74,82693,249],{"class":106},[74,82695,82696],{"class":167}," 5.50",[74,82698,249],{"class":106},[74,82700,82701],{"class":167}," 12.75",[74,82703,249],{"class":106},[74,82705,82706],{"class":167}," 29.00",[74,82708,3284],{"class":106},[74,82710,82711,82713,82715,82717,82719,82722],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,82712,103],{"class":102},[74,82714,107],{"class":106},[74,82716,82277],{"class":102},[74,82718,107],{"class":106},[74,82720,82721],{"class":110},"prices",[74,82723,130],{"class":106},[20,82725,157],{},[65,82727,82729],{"className":67,"code":82728,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"29.0\n",[15,82730,82731],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,82732,82733],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,82734,82728],{"class":167},[20,82736,82737,82738,82740,82741,114],{},"If you only need the largest value, ",[15,82739,82218],{}," is simpler than ",[125,82742,82743],{"href":74160},[15,82744,74063],{},[60,82746,571,82748,82750],{"id":82747},"using-max-with-separate-values",[15,82749,82218],{}," with separate values",[20,82752,82753],{},"You do not always need a list. You can pass values directly.",[65,82755,82757],{"className":67,"code":82756,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(max(4, 12, 7))\n",[15,82758,82759],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,82760,82761,82763,82765,82767,82769,82771,82773,82775,82777,82779],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,82762,103],{"class":102},[74,82764,107],{"class":106},[74,82766,82277],{"class":102},[74,82768,107],{"class":106},[74,82770,2148],{"class":167},[74,82772,249],{"class":106},[74,82774,30599],{"class":167},[74,82776,249],{"class":106},[74,82778,5645],{"class":167},[74,82780,130],{"class":106},[20,82782,157],{},[65,82784,82785],{"className":67,"code":1867,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,82786,82787],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,82788,82789],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,82790,1867],{"class":167},[20,82792,82793],{},"This is useful for quick comparisons.",[20,82795,82796],{},"For example, comparing three numbers entered by a user:",[65,82798,82800],{"className":67,"code":82799,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"a = 15\nb = 42\nc = 27\n\nlargest = max(a, b, c)\nprint(largest)\n",[15,82801,82802,82811,82819,82829,82833,82856],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,82803,82804,82806,82808],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,82805,2198],{"class":80},[74,82807,85],{"class":84},[74,82809,82810],{"class":167}," 15\n",[74,82812,82813,82815,82817],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,82814,2226],{"class":80},[74,82816,85],{"class":84},[74,82818,2413],{"class":167},[74,82820,82821,82824,82826],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,82822,82823],{"class":80},"c ",[74,82825,85],{"class":84},[74,82827,82828],{"class":167}," 27\n",[74,82830,82831],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,82832,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,82834,82835,82838,82840,82842,82844,82846,82848,82850,82852,82854],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,82836,82837],{"class":80},"largest ",[74,82839,85],{"class":84},[74,82841,82624],{"class":102},[74,82843,107],{"class":106},[74,82845,125],{"class":110},[74,82847,249],{"class":106},[74,82849,2203],{"class":110},[74,82851,249],{"class":106},[74,82853,9338],{"class":110},[74,82855,260],{"class":106},[74,82857,82858,82860,82862,82865],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,82859,103],{"class":102},[74,82861,107],{"class":106},[74,82863,82864],{"class":110},"largest",[74,82866,260],{"class":106},[20,82868,157],{},[65,82870,82871],{"className":67,"code":46266,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,82872,82873],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,82874,82875],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,82876,46266],{"class":167},[20,82878,82879],{},"Use this form when you already have separate values and do not need to store them in a list first.",[60,82881,571,82883,46711],{"id":82882},"using-max-with-strings",[15,82884,82218],{},[20,82886,82887,82889],{},[15,82888,82218],{}," can compare strings too.",[65,82891,82893],{"className":67,"code":82892,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,82894,82895,82927],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,82896,82897,82899,82901,82903,82905,82907,82909,82911,82913,82915,82917,82919,82921,82923,82925],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,82898,3722],{"class":80},[74,82900,85],{"class":84},[74,82902,3271],{"class":106},[74,82904,122],{"class":88},[74,82906,376],{"class":92},[74,82908,122],{"class":88},[74,82910,249],{"class":106},[74,82912,89],{"class":88},[74,82914,93],{"class":92},[74,82916,122],{"class":88},[74,82918,249],{"class":106},[74,82920,89],{"class":88},[74,82922,78381],{"class":92},[74,82924,122],{"class":88},[74,82926,3284],{"class":106},[74,82928,82929,82931,82933,82935,82937,82939],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,82930,103],{"class":102},[74,82932,107],{"class":106},[74,82934,82277],{"class":102},[74,82936,107],{"class":106},[74,82938,3764],{"class":110},[74,82940,130],{"class":106},[20,82942,157],{},[65,82944,82945],{"className":67,"code":82383,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,82946,82947],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,82948,82949],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,82950,82383],{"class":80},[20,82952,82953],{},"This happens because strings are compared alphabetically.",[20,82955,67924],{},[30,82957,82958,82967,82970],{},[33,82959,82960,82963,82964,82966],{},[15,82961,82962],{},"\"pear\""," comes after ",[15,82965,219],{}," alphabetically",[33,82968,82969],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters can change the result",[33,82971,82972],{},"Mixed text case can surprise beginners",[20,82974,506],{},[65,82976,82978],{"className":67,"code":82977,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,82979,82980,83013],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,82981,82982,82984,82986,82988,82990,82992,82994,82996,82998,83001,83003,83005,83007,83009,83011],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,82983,3722],{"class":80},[74,82985,85],{"class":84},[74,82987,3271],{"class":106},[74,82989,122],{"class":88},[74,82991,376],{"class":92},[74,82993,122],{"class":88},[74,82995,249],{"class":106},[74,82997,89],{"class":88},[74,82999,83000],{"class":92},"Banana",[74,83002,122],{"class":88},[74,83004,249],{"class":106},[74,83006,89],{"class":88},[74,83008,78381],{"class":92},[74,83010,122],{"class":88},[74,83012,3284],{"class":106},[74,83014,83015,83017,83019,83021,83023,83025],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,83016,103],{"class":102},[74,83018,107],{"class":106},[74,83020,82277],{"class":102},[74,83022,107],{"class":106},[74,83024,3764],{"class":110},[74,83026,130],{"class":106},[20,83028,83029],{},"The result may not be what you expect because uppercase letters are compared differently from lowercase letters.",[20,83031,83032,83033,83035],{},"You can fix that with the ",[15,83034,14499],{}," argument, which is explained below.",[60,83037,36269,83038,36272],{"id":78339},[15,83039,14499],{},[20,83041,1627,83042,83044],{},[15,83043,14499],{}," argument lets you control how items are compared.",[20,83046,83047],{},"This is very useful when the “largest” item is not simply the normal largest value.",[262,83049,83051],{"id":83050},"find-the-longest-word","Find the longest word",[65,83053,83055],{"className":67,"code":83054,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(max(words, key=len))\n",[15,83056,83057,83089],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,83058,83059,83061,83063,83065,83067,83069,83071,83073,83075,83077,83079,83081,83083,83085,83087],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,83060,3722],{"class":80},[74,83062,85],{"class":84},[74,83064,3271],{"class":106},[74,83066,122],{"class":88},[74,83068,486],{"class":92},[74,83070,122],{"class":88},[74,83072,249],{"class":106},[74,83074,89],{"class":88},[74,83076,67967],{"class":92},[74,83078,122],{"class":88},[74,83080,249],{"class":106},[74,83082,89],{"class":88},[74,83084,57778],{"class":92},[74,83086,122],{"class":88},[74,83088,3284],{"class":106},[74,83090,83091,83093,83095,83097,83099,83101,83103,83105,83107,83109],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,83092,103],{"class":102},[74,83094,107],{"class":106},[74,83096,82277],{"class":102},[74,83098,107],{"class":106},[74,83100,3764],{"class":110},[74,83102,249],{"class":106},[74,83104,21235],{"class":8831},[74,83106,85],{"class":84},[74,83108,10820],{"class":102},[74,83110,130],{"class":106},[20,83112,157],{},[65,83114,83116],{"className":67,"code":83115,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"elephant\n",[15,83117,83118],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,83119,83120],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,83121,83115],{"class":80},[20,83123,20426,83124,83127],{},[15,83125,83126],{},"key=len"," tells Python to compare the lengths of the strings instead of the strings themselves.",[20,83129,83130,83131,33286,83133,114],{},"If you are new to ",[15,83132,42016],{},[125,83134,83135,5434],{"href":42013},[15,83136,42016],{},[262,83138,83140],{"id":83139},"compare-strings-without-caring-about-uppercase-or-lowercase","Compare strings without caring about uppercase or lowercase",[65,83142,83144],{"className":67,"code":83143,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,83145,83146,83178],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,83147,83148,83150,83152,83154,83156,83158,83160,83162,83164,83166,83168,83170,83172,83174,83176],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,83149,3722],{"class":80},[74,83151,85],{"class":84},[74,83153,3271],{"class":106},[74,83155,122],{"class":88},[74,83157,376],{"class":92},[74,83159,122],{"class":88},[74,83161,249],{"class":106},[74,83163,89],{"class":88},[74,83165,83000],{"class":92},[74,83167,122],{"class":88},[74,83169,249],{"class":106},[74,83171,89],{"class":88},[74,83173,78381],{"class":92},[74,83175,122],{"class":88},[74,83177,3284],{"class":106},[74,83179,83180,83182,83184,83186,83188,83190,83192,83194,83196,83198,83200,83202],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,83181,103],{"class":102},[74,83183,107],{"class":106},[74,83185,82277],{"class":102},[74,83187,107],{"class":106},[74,83189,3764],{"class":110},[74,83191,249],{"class":106},[74,83193,21235],{"class":8831},[74,83195,85],{"class":84},[74,83197,3090],{"class":1345},[74,83199,114],{"class":106},[74,83201,885],{"class":24406},[74,83203,130],{"class":106},[20,83205,157],{},[65,83207,83208],{"className":67,"code":82383,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,83209,83210],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,83211,83212],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,83213,82383],{"class":80},[20,83215,20426,83216,83218],{},[15,83217,78335],{}," converts each string to lowercase for comparison.",[262,83220,83222],{"id":83221},"use-a-lambda-function","Use a lambda function",[20,83224,83225,83226,679],{},"You can also use a small custom function with ",[15,83227,37315],{},[65,83229,83231],{"className":67,"code":83230,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"items = [\"a\", \"bb\", \"cccc\", \"ddd\"]\nprint(max(items, key=lambda text: len(text)))\n",[15,83232,83233,83276],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,83234,83235,83237,83239,83241,83243,83245,83247,83249,83251,83254,83256,83258,83260,83263,83265,83267,83269,83272,83274],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,83236,7435],{"class":80},[74,83238,85],{"class":84},[74,83240,3271],{"class":106},[74,83242,122],{"class":88},[74,83244,125],{"class":92},[74,83246,122],{"class":88},[74,83248,249],{"class":106},[74,83250,89],{"class":88},[74,83252,83253],{"class":92},"bb",[74,83255,122],{"class":88},[74,83257,249],{"class":106},[74,83259,89],{"class":88},[74,83261,83262],{"class":92},"cccc",[74,83264,122],{"class":88},[74,83266,249],{"class":106},[74,83268,89],{"class":88},[74,83270,83271],{"class":92},"ddd",[74,83273,122],{"class":88},[74,83275,3284],{"class":106},[74,83277,83278,83280,83282,83284,83286,83288,83290,83292,83294,83296,83298,83300,83302,83304,83306],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,83279,103],{"class":102},[74,83281,107],{"class":106},[74,83283,82277],{"class":102},[74,83285,107],{"class":106},[74,83287,7466],{"class":110},[74,83289,249],{"class":106},[74,83291,21235],{"class":8831},[74,83293,85],{"class":84},[74,83295,37315],{"class":1711},[74,83297,388],{"class":37318},[74,83299,679],{"class":106},[74,83301,38042],{"class":102},[74,83303,107],{"class":106},[74,83305,111],{"class":110},[74,83307,2555],{"class":106},[20,83309,157],{},[65,83311,83313],{"className":67,"code":83312,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"cccc\n",[15,83314,83315],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,83316,83317],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,83318,83312],{"class":80},[20,83320,49202,83321,51,83323,83325],{},[15,83322,83126],{},[15,83324,78222],{}," are the most useful examples to remember.",[60,83327,36269,83329,36272],{"id":83328},"using-the-default-argument",[15,83330,82573],{},[20,83332,1627,83333,83335],{},[15,83334,82573],{}," argument only works with the iterable form.",[20,83337,83338],{},"It prevents an error when the iterable is empty.",[65,83340,83342],{"className":67,"code":83341,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,83343,83344,83352],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,83345,83346,83348,83350],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,83347,3266],{"class":80},[74,83349,85],{"class":84},[74,83351,7495],{"class":106},[74,83353,83354,83356,83358,83360,83362,83364,83366,83368,83370,83372],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,83355,103],{"class":102},[74,83357,107],{"class":106},[74,83359,82277],{"class":102},[74,83361,107],{"class":106},[74,83363,3298],{"class":110},[74,83365,249],{"class":106},[74,83367,26177],{"class":8831},[74,83369,85],{"class":84},[74,83371,327],{"class":167},[74,83373,130],{"class":106},[20,83375,157],{},[65,83377,83378],{"className":67,"code":46904,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,83379,83380],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,83381,83382],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,83383,46904],{"class":167},[20,83385,83386],{},"This is helpful when a list may have no items.",[20,83388,83389,83390,83392],{},"Without ",[15,83391,82573],{},", this would raise an error.",[20,83394,51732],{},[65,83396,83398],{"className":67,"code":83397,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"words = []\nresult = max(words, default=\"no words found\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,83399,83400,83408,83435],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,83401,83402,83404,83406],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,83403,3722],{"class":80},[74,83405,85],{"class":84},[74,83407,7495],{"class":106},[74,83409,83410,83412,83414,83416,83418,83420,83422,83424,83426,83428,83431,83433],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,83411,383],{"class":80},[74,83413,85],{"class":84},[74,83415,82624],{"class":102},[74,83417,107],{"class":106},[74,83419,3764],{"class":110},[74,83421,249],{"class":106},[74,83423,26177],{"class":8831},[74,83425,85],{"class":84},[74,83427,122],{"class":88},[74,83429,83430],{"class":92},"no words found",[74,83432,122],{"class":88},[74,83434,260],{"class":106},[74,83436,83437,83439,83441,83443],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,83438,103],{"class":102},[74,83440,107],{"class":106},[74,83442,418],{"class":110},[74,83444,260],{"class":106},[20,83446,157],{},[65,83448,83450],{"className":67,"code":83449,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"no words found\n",[15,83451,83452],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,83453,83454],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,83455,83449],{"class":80},[20,83457,83458],{},"Important:",[30,83460,83461,83469],{},[33,83462,83463,83465,83466],{},[15,83464,82573],{}," works with ",[15,83467,83468],{},"max(iterable, default=value)",[33,83470,330,83471,83473,83474],{},[332,83472,334],{}," work with multiple separate arguments like ",[15,83475,83476],{},"max(1, 2, 3, default=0)",[60,83478,47638],{"id":47637},[20,83480,83481,83482,114],{},"There are a few common errors when using ",[15,83483,82218],{},[262,83485,83487,83489],{"id":83486},"valueerror-with-an-empty-iterable",[15,83488,40361],{}," with an empty iterable",[20,83491,83492,83493,45562,83495,114],{},"If the iterable is empty and you do not provide ",[15,83494,82573],{},[15,83496,40361],{},[65,83498,83500],{"className":67,"code":83499,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers))\n",[15,83501,83502,83510],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,83503,83504,83506,83508],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,83505,3266],{"class":80},[74,83507,85],{"class":84},[74,83509,7495],{"class":106},[74,83511,83512,83514,83516,83518,83520,83522],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,83513,103],{"class":102},[74,83515,107],{"class":106},[74,83517,82277],{"class":102},[74,83519,107],{"class":106},[74,83521,3298],{"class":110},[74,83523,130],{"class":106},[20,83525,29336],{},[65,83527,83529],{"className":67,"code":83528,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"ValueError: max() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,83530,83531],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,83532,83533,83535,83537,83539,83541,83544,83546],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,83534,40361],{"class":1345},[74,83536,679],{"class":106},[74,83538,82624],{"class":102},[74,83540,7020],{"class":106},[74,83542,83543],{"class":80}," arg ",[74,83545,11852],{"class":84},[74,83547,83548],{"class":80}," an empty sequence\n",[20,83550,83551,83552,679],{},"Fix it by using ",[15,83553,82573],{},[65,83555,83557],{"className":67,"code":83556,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,83558,83559,83567],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,83560,83561,83563,83565],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,83562,3266],{"class":80},[74,83564,85],{"class":84},[74,83566,7495],{"class":106},[74,83568,83569,83571,83573,83575,83577,83579,83581,83583,83585,83587],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,83570,103],{"class":102},[74,83572,107],{"class":106},[74,83574,82277],{"class":102},[74,83576,107],{"class":106},[74,83578,3298],{"class":110},[74,83580,249],{"class":106},[74,83582,26177],{"class":8831},[74,83584,85],{"class":84},[74,83586,3429],{"class":3504},[74,83588,130],{"class":106},[20,83590,83591,83592,114],{},"If you need more help with this kind of problem, see ",[125,83593,65481],{"href":72518},[262,83595,83597,83599],{"id":83596},"typeerror-when-items-cannot-be-compared",[15,83598,2649],{}," when items cannot be compared",[20,83601,83602,83603,114],{},"If Python cannot compare the items, you get a ",[15,83604,2649],{},[65,83606,83608],{"className":67,"code":83607,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"items = [10, \"20\", 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,83609,83610,83634],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,83611,83612,83614,83616,83618,83620,83622,83624,83626,83628,83630,83632],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,83613,7435],{"class":80},[74,83615,85],{"class":84},[74,83617,3271],{"class":106},[74,83619,1972],{"class":167},[74,83621,249],{"class":106},[74,83623,89],{"class":88},[74,83625,15412],{"class":92},[74,83627,122],{"class":88},[74,83629,249],{"class":106},[74,83631,7451],{"class":167},[74,83633,3284],{"class":106},[74,83635,83636,83638,83640,83642,83644,83646],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,83637,103],{"class":102},[74,83639,107],{"class":106},[74,83641,82277],{"class":102},[74,83643,107],{"class":106},[74,83645,7466],{"class":110},[74,83647,130],{"class":106},[20,83649,83650],{},"This fails because integers and strings are different types and cannot be compared normally.",[20,83652,83653],{},"Fix it by making the items the same type:",[65,83655,83657],{"className":67,"code":83656,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,83658,83659,83679],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,83660,83661,83663,83665,83667,83669,83671,83673,83675,83677],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,83662,7435],{"class":80},[74,83664,85],{"class":84},[74,83666,3271],{"class":106},[74,83668,1972],{"class":167},[74,83670,249],{"class":106},[74,83672,7446],{"class":167},[74,83674,249],{"class":106},[74,83676,7451],{"class":167},[74,83678,3284],{"class":106},[74,83680,83681,83683,83685,83687,83689,83691],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,83682,103],{"class":102},[74,83684,107],{"class":106},[74,83686,82277],{"class":102},[74,83688,107],{"class":106},[74,83690,7466],{"class":110},[74,83692,130],{"class":106},[20,83694,83695,83696,114],{},"If you are debugging this kind of issue, see ",[125,83697,83699],{"href":83698},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained","TypeError in Python: causes and fixes",[262,83701,83703,83705],{"id":83702},"typeerror-when-called-with-no-arguments",[15,83704,2649],{}," when called with no arguments",[20,83707,83708,83710],{},[15,83709,82218],{}," needs at least one iterable or at least two values.",[65,83712,83714],{"className":67,"code":83713,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(max())\n",[15,83715,83716],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,83717,83718,83720,83722,83724],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,83719,103],{"class":102},[74,83721,107],{"class":106},[74,83723,82277],{"class":102},[74,83725,6848],{"class":106},[20,83727,2646,83728,114],{},[15,83729,2649],{},[60,83731,83733,10243,83735],{"id":83732},"max-vs-sorted",[15,83734,82218],{},[15,83736,74063],{},[20,83738,83739],{},"These two functions are related, but they do different things.",[20,83741,83742,679],{},[15,83743,82218],{},[30,83745,83746],{},[33,83747,83748],{},"Returns one largest item",[20,83750,83751,679],{},[15,83752,74063],{},[30,83754,83755],{},[33,83756,83757],{},"Returns a new sorted list of all items",[20,83759,506],{},[65,83761,83763],{"className":67,"code":83762,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\n\nprint(max(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,83764,83765,83789,83793,83807],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,83766,83767,83769,83771,83773,83775,83777,83779,83781,83783,83785,83787],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,83768,3266],{"class":80},[74,83770,85],{"class":84},[74,83772,3271],{"class":106},[74,83774,321],{"class":167},[74,83776,249],{"class":106},[74,83778,6012],{"class":167},[74,83780,249],{"class":106},[74,83782,620],{"class":167},[74,83784,249],{"class":106},[74,83786,651],{"class":167},[74,83788,3284],{"class":106},[74,83790,83791],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,83792,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,83794,83795,83797,83799,83801,83803,83805],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,83796,103],{"class":102},[74,83798,107],{"class":106},[74,83800,82277],{"class":102},[74,83802,107],{"class":106},[74,83804,3298],{"class":110},[74,83806,130],{"class":106},[74,83808,83809,83811,83813,83815,83817,83819],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,83810,103],{"class":102},[74,83812,107],{"class":106},[74,83814,74153],{"class":102},[74,83816,107],{"class":106},[74,83818,3298],{"class":110},[74,83820,130],{"class":106},[20,83822,157],{},[65,83824,83826],{"className":67,"code":83825,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"8\n[2, 3, 5, 8]\n",[15,83827,83828,83832],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,83829,83830],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,83831,2023],{"class":167},[74,83833,83834,83836,83838,83840,83842,83844,83846,83848,83850],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,83835,742],{"class":106},[74,83837,687],{"class":167},[74,83839,249],{"class":106},[74,83841,2094],{"class":167},[74,83843,249],{"class":106},[74,83845,651],{"class":167},[74,83847,249],{"class":106},[74,83849,6012],{"class":167},[74,83851,3284],{"class":106},[20,83853,176,83854,83856],{},[15,83855,82218],{}," when you only need the largest value.",[20,83858,176,83859,83863],{},[125,83860,83861],{"href":74160},[15,83862,74063],{}," when you need all items in order.",[20,83865,83866,83867,114],{},"If you want the smallest item instead, compare this with ",[125,83868,83870],{"href":83869},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained\u002F",[15,83871,83872],{},"min()",[60,83874,914],{"id":913},[20,83876,83877],{},"Beginners often run into these problems:",[30,83879,83880,83887,83890,83895,83898],{},[33,83881,29305,83882,83884,83885],{},[15,83883,82218],{}," on an empty list without ",[15,83886,82573],{},[33,83888,83889],{},"Mixing incompatible types like integers and strings",[33,83891,923,83892,83894],{},[15,83893,82218],{}," to return all large items instead of one item",[33,83896,83897],{},"Forgetting that strings are compared alphabetically",[33,83899,571,83900,83902],{},[15,83901,82573],{}," with multiple separate arguments",[20,83904,10771],{},[65,83906,83908],{"className":67,"code":83907,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(items)\nprint(type(items))\nprint(len(items))\nprint(max(items))\nprint(max(items, default=None))\nprint([type(x) for x in items])\n",[15,83909,83910,83920,83934,83948,83962,83984],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,83911,83912,83914,83916,83918],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,83913,103],{"class":102},[74,83915,107],{"class":106},[74,83917,7466],{"class":110},[74,83919,260],{"class":106},[74,83921,83922,83924,83926,83928,83930,83932],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,83923,103],{"class":102},[74,83925,107],{"class":106},[74,83927,1346],{"class":1345},[74,83929,107],{"class":106},[74,83931,7466],{"class":110},[74,83933,130],{"class":106},[74,83935,83936,83938,83940,83942,83944,83946],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,83937,103],{"class":102},[74,83939,107],{"class":106},[74,83941,10820],{"class":102},[74,83943,107],{"class":106},[74,83945,7466],{"class":110},[74,83947,130],{"class":106},[74,83949,83950,83952,83954,83956,83958,83960],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,83951,103],{"class":102},[74,83953,107],{"class":106},[74,83955,82277],{"class":102},[74,83957,107],{"class":106},[74,83959,7466],{"class":110},[74,83961,130],{"class":106},[74,83963,83964,83966,83968,83970,83972,83974,83976,83978,83980,83982],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,83965,103],{"class":102},[74,83967,107],{"class":106},[74,83969,82277],{"class":102},[74,83971,107],{"class":106},[74,83973,7466],{"class":110},[74,83975,249],{"class":106},[74,83977,26177],{"class":8831},[74,83979,85],{"class":84},[74,83981,3429],{"class":3504},[74,83983,130],{"class":106},[74,83985,83986,83988,83990,83992,83994,83996,83998,84000,84002,84004,84006],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,83987,103],{"class":102},[74,83989,2629],{"class":106},[74,83991,1346],{"class":1345},[74,83993,107],{"class":106},[74,83995,1816],{"class":110},[74,83997,3311],{"class":106},[74,83999,3530],{"class":3529},[74,84001,3533],{"class":110},[74,84003,351],{"class":3529},[74,84005,5617],{"class":110},[74,84007,751],{"class":106},[20,84009,84010],{},"These are useful for checking:",[30,84012,84013,84018,84023,84026],{},[33,84014,84015,84016],{},"What is actually inside ",[15,84017,7466],{},[33,84019,79388,84020,84022],{},[15,84021,7466],{}," is a list or some other type",[33,84024,84025],{},"Whether the iterable is empty",[33,84027,84028],{},"Whether all items have compatible types",[20,84030,68988,84031,84034,84035,84037],{},[15,84032,84033],{},"print(max(items))"," if ",[15,84036,7466],{}," might be empty or contain mixed types, because that line can also raise an error.",[60,84039,1471],{"id":1470},[262,84041,1495,84043,4796],{"id":84042},"what-does-max-return-in-python",[15,84044,82218],{},[20,84046,84047],{},"It returns the largest item from an iterable or the largest of two or more values.",[262,84049,1507,84051,84053],{"id":84050},"can-max-work-with-strings",[15,84052,82218],{}," work with strings?",[20,84055,84056],{},"Yes. It compares strings using alphabetical order, based on character values.",[262,84058,71286],{"id":71285},[20,84060,84061,52147,84063,84065,84066,84068],{},[15,84062,82218],{},[15,84064,40361],{}," unless you use the ",[15,84067,82573],{}," argument with the iterable form.",[262,84070,84072,84073,2135],{"id":84071},"how-do-i-get-the-longest-string-with-max","How do I get the longest string with ",[15,84074,82218],{},[20,84076,176,84077,679],{},[15,84078,83126],{},[65,84080,84081],{"className":67,"code":83054,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,84082,84083,84115],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,84084,84085,84087,84089,84091,84093,84095,84097,84099,84101,84103,84105,84107,84109,84111,84113],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,84086,3722],{"class":80},[74,84088,85],{"class":84},[74,84090,3271],{"class":106},[74,84092,122],{"class":88},[74,84094,486],{"class":92},[74,84096,122],{"class":88},[74,84098,249],{"class":106},[74,84100,89],{"class":88},[74,84102,67967],{"class":92},[74,84104,122],{"class":88},[74,84106,249],{"class":106},[74,84108,89],{"class":88},[74,84110,57778],{"class":92},[74,84112,122],{"class":88},[74,84114,3284],{"class":106},[74,84116,84117,84119,84121,84123,84125,84127,84129,84131,84133,84135],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,84118,103],{"class":102},[74,84120,107],{"class":106},[74,84122,82277],{"class":102},[74,84124,107],{"class":106},[74,84126,3764],{"class":110},[74,84128,249],{"class":106},[74,84130,21235],{"class":8831},[74,84132,85],{"class":84},[74,84134,10820],{"class":102},[74,84136,130],{"class":106},[262,84138,4828,84140,51,84142,2135],{"id":84139},"what-is-the-difference-between-max-and-sorted",[15,84141,82218],{},[15,84143,74063],{},[20,84145,84146,84148,84149,84151],{},[15,84147,82218],{}," returns one largest item. ",[15,84150,74063],{}," returns all items in order.",[60,84153,1527],{"id":1526},[30,84155,84156,84162,84168,84174,84178,84182],{},[33,84157,84158],{},[125,84159,84160,3156],{"href":83869},[15,84161,83872],{},[33,84163,84164],{},[125,84165,84166,3156],{"href":74160},[15,84167,74063],{},[33,84169,84170],{},[125,84171,84172,3156],{"href":42013},[15,84173,42016],{},[33,84175,84176],{},[125,84177,58605],{"href":58604},[33,84179,84180],{},[125,84181,65481],{"href":72518},[33,84183,84184],{},[125,84185,83699],{"href":83698},[1566,84187,84188],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki 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.s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":70,"searchDepth":99,"depth":99,"links":84190},[84191,84192,84194,84195,84197,84199,84201,84206,84208,84216,84218,84219,84230],{"id":62,"depth":99,"text":63},{"id":82408,"depth":99,"text":84193},"What max() does",{"id":226,"depth":99,"text":227},{"id":82577,"depth":99,"text":84196},"Using max() with a list of numbers",{"id":82747,"depth":99,"text":84198},"Using max() with separate values",{"id":82882,"depth":99,"text":84200},"Using max() with strings",{"id":78339,"depth":99,"text":79537,"children":84202},[84203,84204,84205],{"id":83050,"depth":133,"text":83051},{"id":83139,"depth":133,"text":83140},{"id":83221,"depth":133,"text":83222},{"id":83328,"depth":99,"text":84207},"Using the default argument",{"id":47637,"depth":99,"text":47638,"children":84209},[84210,84212,84214],{"id":83486,"depth":133,"text":84211},"ValueError with an empty iterable",{"id":83596,"depth":133,"text":84213},"TypeError when items cannot be compared",{"id":83702,"depth":133,"text":84215},"TypeError when called with no arguments",{"id":83732,"depth":99,"text":84217},"max() vs sorted()",{"id":913,"depth":99,"text":914},{"id":1470,"depth":99,"text":1471,"children":84220},[84221,84223,84225,84226,84228],{"id":84042,"depth":133,"text":84222},"What does max() return in Python?",{"id":84050,"depth":133,"text":84224},"Can max() work with strings?",{"id":71285,"depth":133,"text":71286},{"id":84071,"depth":133,"text":84227},"How do I get the longest string with max()?",{"id":84139,"depth":133,"text":84229},"What is the difference between max() and sorted()?",{"id":1526,"depth":99,"text":1527},"Master python max function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained",{"title":82210,"description":84231},"reference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained","hvpxLEK57awlwmwmUnkeI93490TdK4SLeAU63KWEzvc",{"id":84238,"title":84239,"body":84240,"description":86194,"extension":1610,"meta":86195,"navigation":407,"path":86196,"seo":86197,"stem":86198,"__hash__":86199},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained.md","Python min() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":84241,"toc":86151},[84242,84247,84252,84258,84260,84334,84336,84349,84354,84359,84375,84379,84384,84460,84466,84469,84512,84514,84522,84528,84531,84562,84564,84572,84578,84583,84642,84644,84653,84656,84666,84672,84677,84712,84714,84722,84728,84734,84739,84783,84785,84794,84797,84837,84839,84848,84851,84863,84868,84873,84924,84926,84935,84938,84989,84991,85000,85003,85010,85016,85021,85023,85038,85042,85102,85104,85113,85117,85289,85291,85328,85335,85341,85344,85371,85373,85394,85399,85434,85436,85444,85447,85450,85466,85471,85473,85477,85483,85487,85514,85517,85527,85567,85571,85574,85617,85619,85628,85631,85636,85705,85707,85715,85720,85724,85727,85778,85780,85788,85791,85854,85856,85864,85867,85872,85876,85889,85896,85904,85906,85908,85938,85944,86045,86055,86057,86062,86065,86070,86073,86075,86083,86091,86099,86106,86114,86116,86148],[10,84243,3223,84245,3227],{"id":84244},"python-min-function-explained",[15,84246,83872],{},[20,84248,84249,84251],{},[15,84250,83872],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns the smallest item. You can use it with a single iterable, like a list or tuple, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[20,84253,84254,84255,84257],{},"This page explains what ",[15,84256,83872],{}," does, its main syntax forms, and the common mistakes beginners make when using it.",[60,84259,63],{"id":62},[65,84261,84263],{"className":67,"code":84262,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n\nprint(min(5, 2, 9, 1))\n",[15,84264,84265,84289,84304,84308],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,84266,84267,84269,84271,84273,84275,84277,84279,84281,84283,84285,84287],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,84268,3266],{"class":80},[74,84270,85],{"class":84},[74,84272,3271],{"class":106},[74,84274,711],{"class":167},[74,84276,249],{"class":106},[74,84278,620],{"class":167},[74,84280,249],{"class":106},[74,84282,53788],{"class":167},[74,84284,249],{"class":106},[74,84286,5148],{"class":167},[74,84288,3284],{"class":106},[74,84290,84291,84293,84295,84298,84300,84302],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,84292,103],{"class":102},[74,84294,107],{"class":106},[74,84296,84297],{"class":102},"min",[74,84299,107],{"class":106},[74,84301,3298],{"class":110},[74,84303,130],{"class":106},[74,84305,84306],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,84307,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,84309,84310,84312,84314,84316,84318,84320,84322,84324,84326,84328,84330,84332],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,84311,103],{"class":102},[74,84313,107],{"class":106},[74,84315,84297],{"class":102},[74,84317,107],{"class":106},[74,84319,711],{"class":167},[74,84321,249],{"class":106},[74,84323,620],{"class":167},[74,84325,249],{"class":106},[74,84327,53788],{"class":167},[74,84329,249],{"class":106},[74,84331,5148],{"class":167},[74,84333,130],{"class":106},[20,84335,157],{},[65,84337,84339],{"className":67,"code":84338,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"1\n1\n",[15,84340,84341,84345],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,84342,84343],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,84344,669],{"class":167},[74,84346,84347],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,84348,669],{"class":167},[20,84350,176,84351,84353],{},[15,84352,83872],{}," with one iterable like a list, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[60,84355,3328,84357,38],{"id":84356},"what-min-does",[15,84358,83872],{},[30,84360,84361,84366,84369,84372],{},[33,84362,84363,84365],{},[15,84364,83872],{}," returns the smallest item",[33,84367,84368],{},"It can compare numbers, strings, and other comparable values",[33,84370,84371],{},"It is a built-in Python function",[33,84373,84374],{},"This page explains the function itself, not task-based use cases",[60,84376,84378],{"id":84377},"main-syntax-forms","Main syntax forms",[20,84380,84381,84382,679],{},"Here are the main ways to use ",[15,84383,83872],{},[65,84385,84387],{"className":67,"code":84386,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"min(iterable)\nmin(value1, value2, value3, ...)\nmin(iterable, key=...)\nmin(iterable, default=...)\n",[15,84388,84389,84399,84424,84442],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,84390,84391,84393,84395,84397],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,84392,84297],{"class":102},[74,84394,107],{"class":106},[74,84396,3371],{"class":110},[74,84398,260],{"class":106},[74,84400,84401,84403,84405,84408,84410,84413,84415,84418,84420,84422],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,84402,84297],{"class":102},[74,84404,107],{"class":106},[74,84406,84407],{"class":110},"value1",[74,84409,249],{"class":106},[74,84411,84412],{"class":110}," value2",[74,84414,249],{"class":106},[74,84416,84417],{"class":110}," value3",[74,84419,249],{"class":106},[74,84421,34112],{"class":102},[74,84423,260],{"class":106},[74,84425,84426,84428,84430,84432,84434,84436,84438,84440],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,84427,84297],{"class":102},[74,84429,107],{"class":106},[74,84431,3371],{"class":110},[74,84433,249],{"class":106},[74,84435,21235],{"class":8831},[74,84437,85],{"class":84},[74,84439,37026],{"class":102},[74,84441,260],{"class":106},[74,84443,84444,84446,84448,84450,84452,84454,84456,84458],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,84445,84297],{"class":102},[74,84447,107],{"class":106},[74,84449,3371],{"class":110},[74,84451,249],{"class":106},[74,84453,26177],{"class":8831},[74,84455,85],{"class":84},[74,84457,37026],{"class":102},[74,84459,260],{"class":106},[262,84461,84463],{"id":84462},"miniterable",[15,84464,84465],{},"min(iterable)",[20,84467,84468],{},"Use this form when you have one collection of values.",[65,84470,84472],{"className":67,"code":84471,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [8, 3, 12, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,84473,84474,84498],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,84475,84476,84478,84480,84482,84484,84486,84488,84490,84492,84494,84496],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,84477,3266],{"class":80},[74,84479,85],{"class":84},[74,84481,3271],{"class":106},[74,84483,1987],{"class":167},[74,84485,249],{"class":106},[74,84487,2094],{"class":167},[74,84489,249],{"class":106},[74,84491,30599],{"class":167},[74,84493,249],{"class":106},[74,84495,5148],{"class":167},[74,84497,3284],{"class":106},[74,84499,84500,84502,84504,84506,84508,84510],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,84501,103],{"class":102},[74,84503,107],{"class":106},[74,84505,84297],{"class":102},[74,84507,107],{"class":106},[74,84509,3298],{"class":110},[74,84511,130],{"class":106},[20,84513,157],{},[65,84515,84516],{"className":67,"code":669,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,84517,84518],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,84519,84520],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,84521,669],{"class":167},[262,84523,84525],{"id":84524},"minvalue1-value2-value3",[15,84526,84527],{},"min(value1, value2, value3, ...)",[20,84529,84530],{},"Use this form when you want to compare separate values directly.",[65,84532,84534],{"className":67,"code":84533,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(min(8, 3, 12, 1))\n",[15,84535,84536],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,84537,84538,84540,84542,84544,84546,84548,84550,84552,84554,84556,84558,84560],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,84539,103],{"class":102},[74,84541,107],{"class":106},[74,84543,84297],{"class":102},[74,84545,107],{"class":106},[74,84547,1987],{"class":167},[74,84549,249],{"class":106},[74,84551,2094],{"class":167},[74,84553,249],{"class":106},[74,84555,30599],{"class":167},[74,84557,249],{"class":106},[74,84559,5148],{"class":167},[74,84561,130],{"class":106},[20,84563,157],{},[65,84565,84566],{"className":67,"code":669,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,84567,84568],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,84569,84570],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,84571,669],{"class":167},[262,84573,84575],{"id":84574},"miniterable-key",[15,84576,84577],{},"min(iterable, key=...)",[20,84579,176,84580,84582],{},[15,84581,14499],{}," when you want Python to compare items using a custom rule.",[65,84584,84586],{"className":67,"code":84585,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"words = [\"pear\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,84587,84588,84620],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,84589,84590,84592,84594,84596,84598,84600,84602,84604,84606,84608,84610,84612,84614,84616,84618],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,84591,3722],{"class":80},[74,84593,85],{"class":84},[74,84595,3271],{"class":106},[74,84597,122],{"class":88},[74,84599,78381],{"class":92},[74,84601,122],{"class":88},[74,84603,249],{"class":106},[74,84605,89],{"class":88},[74,84607,37997],{"class":92},[74,84609,122],{"class":88},[74,84611,249],{"class":106},[74,84613,89],{"class":88},[74,84615,93],{"class":92},[74,84617,122],{"class":88},[74,84619,3284],{"class":106},[74,84621,84622,84624,84626,84628,84630,84632,84634,84636,84638,84640],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,84623,103],{"class":102},[74,84625,107],{"class":106},[74,84627,84297],{"class":102},[74,84629,107],{"class":106},[74,84631,3764],{"class":110},[74,84633,249],{"class":106},[74,84635,21235],{"class":8831},[74,84637,85],{"class":84},[74,84639,10820],{"class":102},[74,84641,130],{"class":106},[20,84643,157],{},[65,84645,84647],{"className":67,"code":84646,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"kiwi\n",[15,84648,84649],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,84650,84651],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,84652,84646],{"class":80},[20,84654,84655],{},"Python compares the lengths of the strings, but it returns the original item, not the length.",[20,84657,84658,84659,84661,84662,114],{},"If you are not familiar with ",[15,84660,42016],{},", see the ",[125,84663,84664,3156],{"href":42013},[15,84665,42016],{},[262,84667,84669],{"id":84668},"miniterable-default",[15,84670,84671],{},"min(iterable, default=...)",[20,84673,176,84674,84676],{},[15,84675,82573],{}," when the iterable might be empty.",[65,84678,84680],{"className":67,"code":84679,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,84681,84682,84690],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,84683,84684,84686,84688],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,84685,3266],{"class":80},[74,84687,85],{"class":84},[74,84689,7495],{"class":106},[74,84691,84692,84694,84696,84698,84700,84702,84704,84706,84708,84710],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,84693,103],{"class":102},[74,84695,107],{"class":106},[74,84697,84297],{"class":102},[74,84699,107],{"class":106},[74,84701,3298],{"class":110},[74,84703,249],{"class":106},[74,84705,26177],{"class":8831},[74,84707,85],{"class":84},[74,84709,327],{"class":167},[74,84711,130],{"class":106},[20,84713,157],{},[65,84715,84716],{"className":67,"code":46904,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,84717,84718],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,84719,84720],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,84721,46904],{"class":167},[20,84723,84724,84725,84727],{},"This avoids a ",[15,84726,40361],{}," when there is no item to return.",[60,84729,571,84731,84733],{"id":84730},"using-min-with-numbers",[15,84732,83872],{}," with numbers",[20,84735,84736,84738],{},[15,84737,83872],{}," works with integers and floats. It returns the lowest numeric value.",[65,84740,84742],{"className":67,"code":84741,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"scores = [88, 72, 95, 60]\nprint(min(scores))\n",[15,84743,84744,84769],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,84745,84746,84748,84750,84752,84754,84756,84759,84761,84763,84765,84767],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,84747,4715],{"class":80},[74,84749,85],{"class":84},[74,84751,3271],{"class":106},[74,84753,51157],{"class":167},[74,84755,249],{"class":106},[74,84757,84758],{"class":167}," 72",[74,84760,249],{"class":106},[74,84762,28561],{"class":167},[74,84764,249],{"class":106},[74,84766,75737],{"class":167},[74,84768,3284],{"class":106},[74,84770,84771,84773,84775,84777,84779,84781],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,84772,103],{"class":102},[74,84774,107],{"class":106},[74,84776,84297],{"class":102},[74,84778,107],{"class":106},[74,84780,16047],{"class":110},[74,84782,130],{"class":106},[20,84784,157],{},[65,84786,84788],{"className":67,"code":84787,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"60\n",[15,84789,84790],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,84791,84792],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,84793,84787],{"class":167},[20,84795,84796],{},"It also works with decimal values:",[65,84798,84800],{"className":67,"code":84799,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"prices = [19.99, 5.49, 12.75]\nprint(min(prices))\n",[15,84801,84802,84823],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,84803,84804,84806,84808,84810,84812,84814,84817,84819,84821],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,84805,82685],{"class":80},[74,84807,85],{"class":84},[74,84809,3271],{"class":106},[74,84811,40055],{"class":167},[74,84813,249],{"class":106},[74,84815,84816],{"class":167}," 5.49",[74,84818,249],{"class":106},[74,84820,82701],{"class":167},[74,84822,3284],{"class":106},[74,84824,84825,84827,84829,84831,84833,84835],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,84826,103],{"class":102},[74,84828,107],{"class":106},[74,84830,84297],{"class":102},[74,84832,107],{"class":106},[74,84834,82721],{"class":110},[74,84836,130],{"class":106},[20,84838,157],{},[65,84840,84842],{"className":67,"code":84841,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"5.49\n",[15,84843,84844],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,84845,84846],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,84847,84841],{"class":167},[20,84849,84850],{},"This is useful for things like:",[30,84852,84853,84855,84857,84860],{},[33,84854,16047],{},[33,84856,82721],{},[33,84858,84859],{},"measurements",[33,84861,84862],{},"ages",[60,84864,571,84866,46711],{"id":84865},"using-min-with-strings",[15,84867,83872],{},[20,84869,84870,84872],{},[15,84871,83872],{}," can also compare strings. It uses character order, which is similar to alphabetical order.",[65,84874,84876],{"className":67,"code":84875,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,84877,84878,84910],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,84879,84880,84882,84884,84886,84888,84890,84892,84894,84896,84898,84900,84902,84904,84906,84908],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,84881,3722],{"class":80},[74,84883,85],{"class":84},[74,84885,3271],{"class":106},[74,84887,122],{"class":88},[74,84889,93],{"class":92},[74,84891,122],{"class":88},[74,84893,249],{"class":106},[74,84895,89],{"class":88},[74,84897,376],{"class":92},[74,84899,122],{"class":88},[74,84901,249],{"class":106},[74,84903,89],{"class":88},[74,84905,3747],{"class":92},[74,84907,122],{"class":88},[74,84909,3284],{"class":106},[74,84911,84912,84914,84916,84918,84920,84922],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,84913,103],{"class":102},[74,84915,107],{"class":106},[74,84917,84297],{"class":102},[74,84919,107],{"class":106},[74,84921,3764],{"class":110},[74,84923,130],{"class":106},[20,84925,157],{},[65,84927,84929],{"className":67,"code":84928,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"apple\n",[15,84930,84931],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,84932,84933],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,84934,84928],{"class":80},[20,84936,84937],{},"Be careful with uppercase and lowercase letters. They are not treated the same.",[65,84939,84941],{"className":67,"code":84940,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,84942,84943,84975],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,84944,84945,84947,84949,84951,84953,84955,84957,84959,84961,84963,84965,84967,84969,84971,84973],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,84946,3722],{"class":80},[74,84948,85],{"class":84},[74,84950,3271],{"class":106},[74,84952,122],{"class":88},[74,84954,93],{"class":92},[74,84956,122],{"class":88},[74,84958,249],{"class":106},[74,84960,89],{"class":88},[74,84962,57420],{"class":92},[74,84964,122],{"class":88},[74,84966,249],{"class":106},[74,84968,89],{"class":88},[74,84970,3747],{"class":92},[74,84972,122],{"class":88},[74,84974,3284],{"class":106},[74,84976,84977,84979,84981,84983,84985,84987],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,84978,103],{"class":102},[74,84980,107],{"class":106},[74,84982,84297],{"class":102},[74,84984,107],{"class":106},[74,84986,3764],{"class":110},[74,84988,130],{"class":106},[20,84990,157],{},[65,84992,84994],{"className":67,"code":84993,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"Apple\n",[15,84995,84996],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,84997,84998],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,84999,84993],{"class":80},[20,85001,85002],{},"This may look surprising at first. Python compares characters by their internal order, so mixed letter case can change the result.",[20,85004,85005,85006,114],{},"If you need all items in order instead of just the smallest one, see ",[125,85007,85008,5434],{"href":74160},[15,85009,74063],{},[60,85011,571,85013,85015],{"id":85012},"using-min-with-a-key-function",[15,85014,83872],{}," with a key function",[20,85017,1627,85018,85020],{},[15,85019,14499],{}," argument changes how items are compared.",[20,85022,11117],{},[30,85024,85025,85030,85035],{},[33,85026,85027,85029],{},[15,85028,14499],{}," changes the comparison rule",[33,85031,85032,85034],{},[15,85033,83872],{}," still returns the original item",[33,85036,85037],{},"This is useful for custom comparisons",[262,85039,85041],{"id":85040},"find-the-shortest-string","Find the shortest string",[65,85043,85045],{"className":67,"code":85044,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"words = [\"elephant\", \"cat\", \"giraffe\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,85046,85047,85080],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,85048,85049,85051,85053,85055,85057,85059,85061,85063,85065,85067,85069,85071,85073,85076,85078],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,85050,3722],{"class":80},[74,85052,85],{"class":84},[74,85054,3271],{"class":106},[74,85056,122],{"class":88},[74,85058,67967],{"class":92},[74,85060,122],{"class":88},[74,85062,249],{"class":106},[74,85064,89],{"class":88},[74,85066,486],{"class":92},[74,85068,122],{"class":88},[74,85070,249],{"class":106},[74,85072,89],{"class":88},[74,85074,85075],{"class":92},"giraffe",[74,85077,122],{"class":88},[74,85079,3284],{"class":106},[74,85081,85082,85084,85086,85088,85090,85092,85094,85096,85098,85100],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,85083,103],{"class":102},[74,85085,107],{"class":106},[74,85087,84297],{"class":102},[74,85089,107],{"class":106},[74,85091,3764],{"class":110},[74,85093,249],{"class":106},[74,85095,21235],{"class":8831},[74,85097,85],{"class":84},[74,85099,10820],{"class":102},[74,85101,130],{"class":106},[20,85103,157],{},[65,85105,85107],{"className":67,"code":85106,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"cat\n",[15,85108,85109],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,85110,85111],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,85112,85106],{"class":80},[262,85114,85116],{"id":85115},"find-the-dictionary-with-the-smallest-value","Find the dictionary with the smallest value",[65,85118,85120],{"className":67,"code":85119,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"students = [\n    {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"score\": 85},\n    {\"name\": \"Ben\", \"score\": 72},\n    {\"name\": \"Cara\", \"score\": 90}\n]\n\nlowest = min(students, key=lambda student: student[\"score\"])\nprint(lowest)\n",[15,85121,85122,85132,85167,85199,85231,85235,85239,85278],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,85123,85124,85127,85129],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,85125,85126],{"class":80},"students ",[74,85128,85],{"class":84},[74,85130,85131],{"class":106}," [\n",[74,85133,85134,85137,85139,85141,85143,85145,85147,85149,85151,85153,85155,85158,85160,85162,85164],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,85135,85136],{"class":106},"    {",[74,85138,122],{"class":88},[74,85140,7323],{"class":92},[74,85142,122],{"class":88},[74,85144,679],{"class":106},[74,85146,89],{"class":88},[74,85148,12539],{"class":92},[74,85150,122],{"class":88},[74,85152,249],{"class":106},[74,85154,89],{"class":88},[74,85156,85157],{"class":92},"score",[74,85159,122],{"class":88},[74,85161,679],{"class":106},[74,85163,13164],{"class":167},[74,85165,85166],{"class":106},"},\n",[74,85168,85169,85171,85173,85175,85177,85179,85181,85183,85185,85187,85189,85191,85193,85195,85197],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,85170,85136],{"class":106},[74,85172,122],{"class":88},[74,85174,7323],{"class":92},[74,85176,122],{"class":88},[74,85178,679],{"class":106},[74,85180,89],{"class":88},[74,85182,35598],{"class":92},[74,85184,122],{"class":88},[74,85186,249],{"class":106},[74,85188,89],{"class":88},[74,85190,85157],{"class":92},[74,85192,122],{"class":88},[74,85194,679],{"class":106},[74,85196,84758],{"class":167},[74,85198,85166],{"class":106},[74,85200,85201,85203,85205,85207,85209,85211,85213,85215,85217,85219,85221,85223,85225,85227,85229],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,85202,85136],{"class":106},[74,85204,122],{"class":88},[74,85206,7323],{"class":92},[74,85208,122],{"class":88},[74,85210,679],{"class":106},[74,85212,89],{"class":88},[74,85214,35607],{"class":92},[74,85216,122],{"class":88},[74,85218,249],{"class":106},[74,85220,89],{"class":88},[74,85222,85157],{"class":92},[74,85224,122],{"class":88},[74,85226,679],{"class":106},[74,85228,19553],{"class":167},[74,85230,8965],{"class":106},[74,85232,85233],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,85234,3284],{"class":106},[74,85236,85237],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,85238,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,85240,85241,85244,85246,85249,85251,85254,85256,85258,85260,85262,85264,85266,85268,85270,85272,85274,85276],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,85242,85243],{"class":80},"lowest ",[74,85245,85],{"class":84},[74,85247,85248],{"class":102}," min",[74,85250,107],{"class":106},[74,85252,85253],{"class":110},"students",[74,85255,249],{"class":106},[74,85257,21235],{"class":8831},[74,85259,85],{"class":84},[74,85261,37315],{"class":1711},[74,85263,12565],{"class":37318},[74,85265,679],{"class":106},[74,85267,12565],{"class":110},[74,85269,742],{"class":106},[74,85271,122],{"class":88},[74,85273,85157],{"class":92},[74,85275,122],{"class":88},[74,85277,751],{"class":106},[74,85279,85280,85282,85284,85287],{"class":76,"line":6079},[74,85281,103],{"class":102},[74,85283,107],{"class":106},[74,85285,85286],{"class":110},"lowest",[74,85288,260],{"class":106},[20,85290,157],{},[65,85292,85294],{"className":67,"code":85293,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"{'name': 'Ben', 'score': 72}\n",[15,85295,85296],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,85297,85298,85300,85302,85304,85306,85308,85310,85312,85314,85316,85318,85320,85322,85324,85326],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,85299,8934],{"class":106},[74,85301,2946],{"class":88},[74,85303,7323],{"class":92},[74,85305,2946],{"class":88},[74,85307,679],{"class":106},[74,85309,2941],{"class":88},[74,85311,35598],{"class":92},[74,85313,2946],{"class":88},[74,85315,249],{"class":106},[74,85317,2941],{"class":88},[74,85319,85157],{"class":92},[74,85321,2946],{"class":88},[74,85323,679],{"class":106},[74,85325,84758],{"class":167},[74,85327,8965],{"class":106},[20,85329,85330,85331,85334],{},"Here, Python compares the ",[15,85332,85333],{},"\"score\""," values, but it returns the full dictionary.",[60,85336,571,85338,85340],{"id":85337},"using-default-with-empty-iterables",[15,85339,82573],{}," with empty iterables",[20,85342,85343],{},"An empty iterable has no smallest item, so this causes an error:",[65,85345,85347],{"className":67,"code":85346,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,85348,85349,85357],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,85350,85351,85353,85355],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,85352,3266],{"class":80},[74,85354,85],{"class":84},[74,85356,7495],{"class":106},[74,85358,85359,85361,85363,85365,85367,85369],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,85360,103],{"class":102},[74,85362,107],{"class":106},[74,85364,84297],{"class":102},[74,85366,107],{"class":106},[74,85368,3298],{"class":110},[74,85370,130],{"class":106},[20,85372,157],{},[65,85374,85376],{"className":67,"code":85375,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"ValueError: min() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,85377,85378],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,85379,85380,85382,85384,85386,85388,85390,85392],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,85381,40361],{"class":1345},[74,85383,679],{"class":106},[74,85385,85248],{"class":102},[74,85387,7020],{"class":106},[74,85389,83543],{"class":80},[74,85391,11852],{"class":84},[74,85393,83548],{"class":80},[20,85395,85396,85397,679],{},"To avoid that, use ",[15,85398,82573],{},[65,85400,85402],{"className":67,"code":85401,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,85403,85404,85412],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,85405,85406,85408,85410],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,85407,3266],{"class":80},[74,85409,85],{"class":84},[74,85411,7495],{"class":106},[74,85413,85414,85416,85418,85420,85422,85424,85426,85428,85430,85432],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,85415,103],{"class":102},[74,85417,107],{"class":106},[74,85419,84297],{"class":102},[74,85421,107],{"class":106},[74,85423,3298],{"class":110},[74,85425,249],{"class":106},[74,85427,26177],{"class":8831},[74,85429,85],{"class":84},[74,85431,3429],{"class":3504},[74,85433,130],{"class":106},[20,85435,157],{},[65,85437,85438],{"className":67,"code":11466,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,85439,85440],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,85441,85442],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,85443,11466],{"class":3504},[20,85445,85446],{},"This is helpful when your list may be empty and you want a safe fallback value.",[20,85448,85449],{},"Remember:",[30,85451,85452,85460],{},[33,85453,85454,85456,85457,85459],{},[15,85455,82573],{}," works only when ",[15,85458,83872],{}," gets one iterable argument",[33,85461,85462,85463],{},"It does not work with ",[15,85464,85465],{},"min(3, 5, default=0)",[20,85467,85468,85469,114],{},"If you want help with this error, see ",[125,85470,65481],{"href":72518},[60,85472,10403],{"id":10402},[20,85474,56428,85475,114],{},[15,85476,83872],{},[262,85478,85480,85481],{"id":85479},"empty-list-without-default","Empty list without ",[15,85482,82573],{},[20,85484,2646,85485,679],{},[15,85486,40361],{},[65,85488,85490],{"className":67,"code":85489,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"items = []\nprint(min(items))\n",[15,85491,85492,85500],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,85493,85494,85496,85498],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,85495,7435],{"class":80},[74,85497,85],{"class":84},[74,85499,7495],{"class":106},[74,85501,85502,85504,85506,85508,85510,85512],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,85503,103],{"class":102},[74,85505,107],{"class":106},[74,85507,84297],{"class":102},[74,85509,107],{"class":106},[74,85511,7466],{"class":110},[74,85513,130],{"class":106},[20,85515,85516],{},"Fix it by:",[30,85518,85519,85522],{},[33,85520,85521],{},"checking that the iterable is not empty first",[33,85523,85524,85525],{},"or using ",[15,85526,82573],{},[65,85528,85530],{"className":67,"code":85529,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"items = []\nprint(min(items, default=\"no items\"))\n",[15,85531,85532,85540],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,85533,85534,85536,85538],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,85535,7435],{"class":80},[74,85537,85],{"class":84},[74,85539,7495],{"class":106},[74,85541,85542,85544,85546,85548,85550,85552,85554,85556,85558,85560,85563,85565],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,85543,103],{"class":102},[74,85545,107],{"class":106},[74,85547,84297],{"class":102},[74,85549,107],{"class":106},[74,85551,7466],{"class":110},[74,85553,249],{"class":106},[74,85555,26177],{"class":8831},[74,85557,85],{"class":84},[74,85559,122],{"class":88},[74,85561,85562],{"class":92},"no items",[74,85564,122],{"class":88},[74,85566,130],{"class":106},[262,85568,85570],{"id":85569},"mixed-types","Mixed types",[20,85572,85573],{},"In Python 3, values must usually be comparable to each other. This often fails:",[65,85575,85577],{"className":67,"code":85576,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nprint(min(data))\n",[15,85578,85579,85603],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,85580,85581,85583,85585,85587,85589,85591,85593,85595,85597,85599,85601],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,85582,8821],{"class":80},[74,85584,85],{"class":84},[74,85586,3271],{"class":106},[74,85588,1972],{"class":167},[74,85590,249],{"class":106},[74,85592,89],{"class":88},[74,85594,15412],{"class":92},[74,85596,122],{"class":88},[74,85598,249],{"class":106},[74,85600,651],{"class":167},[74,85602,3284],{"class":106},[74,85604,85605,85607,85609,85611,85613,85615],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,85606,103],{"class":102},[74,85608,107],{"class":106},[74,85610,84297],{"class":102},[74,85612,107],{"class":106},[74,85614,8860],{"class":110},[74,85616,130],{"class":106},[20,85618,157],{},[65,85620,85622],{"className":67,"code":85621,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"TypeError\n",[15,85623,85624],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,85625,85626],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,85627,85621],{"class":1345},[20,85629,85630],{},"That happens because Python cannot directly compare integers and strings here.",[20,85632,85633,85634,114],{},"A simple fix is to convert everything to the same type before calling ",[15,85635,83872],{},[65,85637,85639],{"className":67,"code":85638,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nnumbers = [int(x) for x in data]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,85640,85641,85665,85691],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,85642,85643,85645,85647,85649,85651,85653,85655,85657,85659,85661,85663],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,85644,8821],{"class":80},[74,85646,85],{"class":84},[74,85648,3271],{"class":106},[74,85650,1972],{"class":167},[74,85652,249],{"class":106},[74,85654,89],{"class":88},[74,85656,15412],{"class":92},[74,85658,122],{"class":88},[74,85660,249],{"class":106},[74,85662,651],{"class":167},[74,85664,3284],{"class":106},[74,85666,85667,85669,85671,85673,85675,85677,85679,85681,85683,85685,85687,85689],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,85668,3266],{"class":80},[74,85670,85],{"class":84},[74,85672,3271],{"class":106},[74,85674,1831],{"class":1345},[74,85676,107],{"class":106},[74,85678,1816],{"class":110},[74,85680,3311],{"class":106},[74,85682,3530],{"class":3529},[74,85684,3533],{"class":80},[74,85686,351],{"class":3529},[74,85688,14224],{"class":80},[74,85690,3284],{"class":106},[74,85692,85693,85695,85697,85699,85701,85703],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,85694,103],{"class":102},[74,85696,107],{"class":106},[74,85698,84297],{"class":102},[74,85700,107],{"class":106},[74,85702,3298],{"class":110},[74,85704,130],{"class":106},[20,85706,157],{},[65,85708,85709],{"className":67,"code":2590,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,85710,85711],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,85712,85713],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,85714,2590],{"class":167},[20,85716,85717,85718,114],{},"For more help with type-related problems, see this guide to ",[15,85719,2649],{},[262,85721,85723],{"id":85722},"string-comparisons-may-not-match-your-expectation","String comparisons may not match your expectation",[20,85725,85726],{},"If strings have mixed uppercase and lowercase letters, the result may not match normal dictionary order.",[65,85728,85730],{"className":67,"code":85729,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85731,85732,85764],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,85733,85734,85736,85738,85740,85742,85744,85746,85748,85750,85752,85754,85756,85758,85760,85762],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,85735,3722],{"class":80},[74,85737,85],{"class":84},[74,85739,3271],{"class":106},[74,85741,122],{"class":88},[74,85743,79197],{"class":92},[74,85745,122],{"class":88},[74,85747,249],{"class":106},[74,85749,89],{"class":88},[74,85751,57420],{"class":92},[74,85753,122],{"class":88},[74,85755,249],{"class":106},[74,85757,89],{"class":88},[74,85759,79214],{"class":92},[74,85761,122],{"class":88},[74,85763,3284],{"class":106},[74,85765,85766,85768,85770,85772,85774,85776],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,85767,103],{"class":102},[74,85769,107],{"class":106},[74,85771,84297],{"class":102},[74,85773,107],{"class":106},[74,85775,3764],{"class":110},[74,85777,130],{"class":106},[20,85779,157],{},[65,85781,85782],{"className":67,"code":84993,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,85783,85784],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,85785,85786],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,85787,84993],{"class":80},[20,85789,85790],{},"If needed, compare them in lowercase:",[65,85792,85794],{"className":67,"code":85793,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,85795,85796,85828],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,85797,85798,85800,85802,85804,85806,85808,85810,85812,85814,85816,85818,85820,85822,85824,85826],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,85799,3722],{"class":80},[74,85801,85],{"class":84},[74,85803,3271],{"class":106},[74,85805,122],{"class":88},[74,85807,79197],{"class":92},[74,85809,122],{"class":88},[74,85811,249],{"class":106},[74,85813,89],{"class":88},[74,85815,57420],{"class":92},[74,85817,122],{"class":88},[74,85819,249],{"class":106},[74,85821,89],{"class":88},[74,85823,79214],{"class":92},[74,85825,122],{"class":88},[74,85827,3284],{"class":106},[74,85829,85830,85832,85834,85836,85838,85840,85842,85844,85846,85848,85850,85852],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,85831,103],{"class":102},[74,85833,107],{"class":106},[74,85835,84297],{"class":102},[74,85837,107],{"class":106},[74,85839,3764],{"class":110},[74,85841,249],{"class":106},[74,85843,21235],{"class":8831},[74,85845,85],{"class":84},[74,85847,3090],{"class":1345},[74,85849,114],{"class":106},[74,85851,885],{"class":24406},[74,85853,130],{"class":106},[20,85855,157],{},[65,85857,85858],{"className":67,"code":84993,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,85859,85860],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,85861,85862],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,85863,84993],{"class":80},[20,85865,85866],{},"Here Python compares using lowercase versions, but still returns the original string.",[60,85868,1260,85870],{"id":85869},"when-to-use-min",[15,85871,83872],{},[20,85873,176,85874,10259],{},[15,85875,83872],{},[30,85877,85878,85881,85886],{},[33,85879,85880],{},"you need the smallest item quickly",[33,85882,85883,85884],{},"you want to compare values with a custom rule using ",[15,85885,14499],{},[33,85887,85888],{},"you want one result, not a full sorted list",[20,85890,176,85891,85895],{},[125,85892,85893],{"href":74160},[15,85894,74063],{}," if you need all items in order.",[20,85897,176,85898,85903],{},[125,85899,85901],{"href":85900},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained\u002F",[15,85902,82218],{}," if you want the largest item instead.",[60,85905,914],{"id":913},[20,85907,83877],{},[30,85909,85910,85918,85921,85926,85933],{},[33,85911,85912,85913,85915,85916],{},"Passing an empty list or tuple to ",[15,85914,83872],{}," without using ",[15,85917,82573],{},[33,85919,85920],{},"Mixing incompatible types such as integers and strings",[33,85922,923,85923,85925],{},[15,85924,83872],{}," on strings to ignore uppercase and lowercase differences",[33,85927,4355,85928,85930,85931,85034],{},[15,85929,14499],{}," affects comparison but ",[15,85932,83872],{},[33,85934,571,85935,85937],{},[15,85936,82573],{}," in the wrong syntax form with multiple separate arguments",[20,85939,85940,85941,85943],{},"If you are debugging code that uses ",[15,85942,83872],{},", these quick checks can help:",[65,85945,85947],{"className":67,"code":85946,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(len(data))\nprint(min(data))\nprint(min(data, default=None))\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,85948,85949,85963,85973,85987,86001,86023],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,85950,85951,85953,85955,85957,85959,85961],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,85952,103],{"class":102},[74,85954,107],{"class":106},[74,85956,1346],{"class":1345},[74,85958,107],{"class":106},[74,85960,8860],{"class":110},[74,85962,130],{"class":106},[74,85964,85965,85967,85969,85971],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,85966,103],{"class":102},[74,85968,107],{"class":106},[74,85970,8860],{"class":110},[74,85972,260],{"class":106},[74,85974,85975,85977,85979,85981,85983,85985],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,85976,103],{"class":102},[74,85978,107],{"class":106},[74,85980,10820],{"class":102},[74,85982,107],{"class":106},[74,85984,8860],{"class":110},[74,85986,130],{"class":106},[74,85988,85989,85991,85993,85995,85997,85999],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,85990,103],{"class":102},[74,85992,107],{"class":106},[74,85994,84297],{"class":102},[74,85996,107],{"class":106},[74,85998,8860],{"class":110},[74,86000,130],{"class":106},[74,86002,86003,86005,86007,86009,86011,86013,86015,86017,86019,86021],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,86004,103],{"class":102},[74,86006,107],{"class":106},[74,86008,84297],{"class":102},[74,86010,107],{"class":106},[74,86012,8860],{"class":110},[74,86014,249],{"class":106},[74,86016,26177],{"class":8831},[74,86018,85],{"class":84},[74,86020,3429],{"class":3504},[74,86022,130],{"class":106},[74,86024,86025,86027,86029,86031,86033,86035,86037,86039,86041,86043],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,86026,103],{"class":102},[74,86028,107],{"class":106},[74,86030,84297],{"class":102},[74,86032,107],{"class":106},[74,86034,3764],{"class":110},[74,86036,249],{"class":106},[74,86038,21235],{"class":8831},[74,86040,85],{"class":84},[74,86042,10820],{"class":102},[74,86044,130],{"class":106},[20,86046,86047,86048,86051,86052,86054],{},"Use them carefully. For example, ",[15,86049,86050],{},"print(min(data))"," will still fail if ",[15,86053,8860],{}," is empty or contains incompatible types.",[60,86056,1471],{"id":1470},[262,86058,1495,86060,4796],{"id":86059},"what-does-min-return-in-python",[15,86061,83872],{},[20,86063,86064],{},"It returns the smallest item from an iterable, or the smallest value from multiple arguments.",[262,86066,1507,86068,84053],{"id":86067},"can-min-work-with-strings",[15,86069,83872],{},[20,86071,86072],{},"Yes. It compares strings using character order, which is similar to alphabetical order but affected by letter case.",[262,86074,71286],{"id":71285},[20,86076,86077,52147,86079,84065,86081,36278],{},[15,86078,83872],{},[15,86080,40361],{},[15,86082,82573],{},[262,86084,1495,86086,86088,86089,2135],{"id":86085},"what-does-key-do-in-min",[15,86087,14499],{}," do in ",[15,86090,83872],{},[20,86092,86093,86095,86096,86098],{},[15,86094,14499],{}," tells Python how to compare items. For example, ",[15,86097,83126],{}," compares strings by length.",[262,86100,4828,86102,51,86104,2135],{"id":86101},"what-is-the-difference-between-min-and-sorted",[15,86103,83872],{},[15,86105,74063],{},[20,86107,86108,86110,86111,86113],{},[15,86109,83872],{}," returns only the smallest item. ",[15,86112,74063],{}," returns a new sorted list of all items.",[60,86115,1527],{"id":1526},[30,86117,86118,86124,86130,86136,86140,86144],{},[33,86119,86120],{},[125,86121,86122,3156],{"href":85900},[15,86123,82218],{},[33,86125,86126],{},[125,86127,86128,3156],{"href":74160},[15,86129,74063],{},[33,86131,86132],{},[125,86133,86134,3156],{"href":42013},[15,86135,42016],{},[33,86137,86138],{},[125,86139,79510],{"href":78013},[33,86141,86142],{},[125,86143,58605],{"href":58604},[33,86145,86146],{},[125,86147,65481],{"href":72518},[1566,86149,86150],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":70,"searchDepth":99,"depth":99,"links":86152},[86153,86154,86156,86162,86164,86166,86171,86173,86179,86181,86182,86193],{"id":62,"depth":99,"text":63},{"id":84356,"depth":99,"text":86155},"What min() does",{"id":84377,"depth":99,"text":84378,"children":86157},[86158,86159,86160,86161],{"id":84462,"depth":133,"text":84465},{"id":84524,"depth":133,"text":84527},{"id":84574,"depth":133,"text":84577},{"id":84668,"depth":133,"text":84671},{"id":84730,"depth":99,"text":86163},"Using min() with numbers",{"id":84865,"depth":99,"text":86165},"Using min() with strings",{"id":85012,"depth":99,"text":86167,"children":86168},"Using min() with a key function",[86169,86170],{"id":85040,"depth":133,"text":85041},{"id":85115,"depth":133,"text":85116},{"id":85337,"depth":99,"text":86172},"Using default with empty iterables",{"id":10402,"depth":99,"text":10403,"children":86174},[86175,86177,86178],{"id":85479,"depth":133,"text":86176},"Empty list without default",{"id":85569,"depth":133,"text":85570},{"id":85722,"depth":133,"text":85723},{"id":85869,"depth":99,"text":86180},"When to use min()",{"id":913,"depth":99,"text":914},{"id":1470,"depth":99,"text":1471,"children":86183},[86184,86186,86188,86189,86191],{"id":86059,"depth":133,"text":86185},"What does min() return in Python?",{"id":86067,"depth":133,"text":86187},"Can min() work with strings?",{"id":71285,"depth":133,"text":71286},{"id":86085,"depth":133,"text":86190},"What does key do in min()?",{"id":86101,"depth":133,"text":86192},"What is the difference between min() and sorted()?",{"id":1526,"depth":99,"text":1527},"Master python min function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained",{"title":84239,"description":86194},"reference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained","VRpvwOyAjT3zttFenYN7xvkjWchE8ws8iWzCuhgc8Cs",{"id":86201,"title":86202,"body":86203,"description":88382,"extension":1610,"meta":88383,"navigation":407,"path":88384,"seo":88385,"stem":88386,"__hash__":88387},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained.md","Python open() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":86204,"toc":88346},[86205,86208,86214,86220,86222,86303,86312,86316,86321,86323,86368,86370,86450,86456,86458,86461,86493,86495,86513,86515,86588,86590,86609,86613,86616,86652,86654,86721,86795,86868,86873,86877,86883,86886,86903,86906,86908,86969,86971,86991,86997,87001,87004,87074,87077,87096,87101,87177,87180,87184,87190,87194,87199,87269,87273,87278,87352,87356,87359,87434,87445,87449,87454,87544,87549,87617,87620,87639,87650,87654,87657,87662,87665,87727,87730,87741,87746,87749,87752,87757,87760,87763,87767,87770,87776,87779,87790,87792,87854,87869,87875,87878,87881,87892,87903,87909,87912,87914,87976,87986,87992,87997,88003,88007,88013,88016,88037,88039,88044,88071,88074,88101,88104,88143,88146,88184,88187,88248,88251,88253,88257,88260,88264,88270,88278,88286,88290,88293,88297,88303,88305,88343],[10,86206,86202],{"id":86207},"python-open-function-explained",[20,86209,86210,86213],{},[15,86211,86212],{},"open()"," is the built-in Python function used to open a file so your program can read from it or write to it.",[20,86215,86216,86217,86219],{},"This page is a beginner-friendly reference for ",[15,86218,86212],{},". You will learn what it does, the most common arguments, what it returns, and how to use it safely when working with files.",[60,86221,63],{"id":62},[65,86223,86225],{"className":67,"code":86224,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    content = file.read()\n    print(content)\n",[15,86226,86227,86276,86292],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,86228,86229,86232,86235,86237,86239,86242,86244,86246,86248,86250,86252,86254,86257,86259,86261,86264,86266,86268,86270,86274],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,86230,86231],{"class":3529},"with",[74,86233,86234],{"class":102}," open",[74,86236,107],{"class":106},[74,86238,122],{"class":88},[74,86240,86241],{"class":92},"example.txt",[74,86243,122],{"class":88},[74,86245,249],{"class":106},[74,86247,89],{"class":88},[74,86249,60153],{"class":92},[74,86251,122],{"class":88},[74,86253,249],{"class":106},[74,86255,86256],{"class":8831}," encoding",[74,86258,85],{"class":84},[74,86260,122],{"class":88},[74,86262,86263],{"class":92},"utf-8",[74,86265,122],{"class":88},[74,86267,3311],{"class":106},[74,86269,47010],{"class":3529},[74,86271,86273],{"class":86272},"sMMDD"," file",[74,86275,6046],{"class":106},[74,86277,86278,86281,86283,86285,86287,86290],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,86279,86280],{"class":80},"    content ",[74,86282,85],{"class":84},[74,86284,86273],{"class":86272},[74,86286,114],{"class":106},[74,86288,86289],{"class":110},"read",[74,86291,8299],{"class":106},[74,86293,86294,86296,86298,86301],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,86295,7726],{"class":102},[74,86297,107],{"class":106},[74,86299,86300],{"class":110},"content",[74,86302,260],{"class":106},[20,86304,176,86305,86307,86308,86311],{},[15,86306,86231],{}," so the file closes automatically. ",[15,86309,86310],{},"\"r\""," means read mode.",[60,86313,86315],{"id":86314},"what-open-does","What open() does",[20,86317,86318,86320],{},[15,86319,86212],{}," opens a file and gives your program a way to work with it.",[20,86322,11117],{},[30,86324,86325,86328,86333,86338],{},[33,86326,86327],{},"It opens a file so your code can read from it or write to it",[33,86329,330,86330,86332],{},[332,86331,334],{}," read or write anything by itself",[33,86334,17076,86335],{},[332,86336,86337],{},"file object",[33,86339,86340,86341],{},"You use methods on that file object, such as:\n",[30,86342,86343,86348,86353,86358,86363],{},[33,86344,86345],{},[15,86346,86347],{},"read()",[33,86349,86350],{},[15,86351,86352],{},"readline()",[33,86354,86355],{},[15,86356,86357],{},"readlines()",[33,86359,86360],{},[15,86361,86362],{},"write()",[33,86364,86365],{},[15,86366,86367],{},"close()",[20,86369,506],{},[65,86371,86373],{"className":67,"code":86372,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"file = open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\")\ncontent = file.read()\nprint(content)\nfile.close()\n",[15,86374,86375,86414,86429,86439],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,86376,86377,86380,86382,86384,86386,86388,86390,86392,86394,86396,86398,86400,86402,86404,86406,86408,86410,86412],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,86378,86379],{"class":86272},"file",[74,86381,12933],{"class":84},[74,86383,86234],{"class":102},[74,86385,107],{"class":106},[74,86387,122],{"class":88},[74,86389,86241],{"class":92},[74,86391,122],{"class":88},[74,86393,249],{"class":106},[74,86395,89],{"class":88},[74,86397,60153],{"class":92},[74,86399,122],{"class":88},[74,86401,249],{"class":106},[74,86403,86256],{"class":8831},[74,86405,85],{"class":84},[74,86407,122],{"class":88},[74,86409,86263],{"class":92},[74,86411,122],{"class":88},[74,86413,260],{"class":106},[74,86415,86416,86419,86421,86423,86425,86427],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,86417,86418],{"class":80},"content ",[74,86420,85],{"class":84},[74,86422,86273],{"class":86272},[74,86424,114],{"class":106},[74,86426,86289],{"class":110},[74,86428,8299],{"class":106},[74,86430,86431,86433,86435,86437],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,86432,103],{"class":102},[74,86434,107],{"class":106},[74,86436,86300],{"class":110},[74,86438,260],{"class":106},[74,86440,86441,86443,86445,86448],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,86442,86379],{"class":86272},[74,86444,114],{"class":106},[74,86446,86447],{"class":110},"close",[74,86449,8299],{"class":106},[20,86451,86452,86453,86455],{},"This works, but in most cases you should use ",[15,86454,86231],{}," instead, because it closes the file for you automatically.",[60,86457,227],{"id":226},[20,86459,86460],{},"A common form is:",[65,86462,86464],{"className":67,"code":86463,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"open(file, mode, encoding=\"utf-8\")\n",[15,86465,86466],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,86467,86468,86470,86472,86474,86476,86479,86481,86483,86485,86487,86489,86491],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,86469,42082],{"class":102},[74,86471,107],{"class":106},[74,86473,86379],{"class":86272},[74,86475,249],{"class":106},[74,86477,86478],{"class":110}," mode",[74,86480,249],{"class":106},[74,86482,86256],{"class":8831},[74,86484,85],{"class":84},[74,86486,122],{"class":88},[74,86488,86263],{"class":92},[74,86490,122],{"class":88},[74,86492,260],{"class":106},[20,86494,64689],{},[30,86496,86497,86502,86507],{},[33,86498,86499,86501],{},[15,86500,86379],{}," is the file name or file path",[33,86503,86504,86506],{},[15,86505,20574],{}," controls how the file is opened",[33,86508,86509,86512],{},[15,86510,86511],{},"encoding"," matters when you are working with text files",[20,86514,506],{},[65,86516,86518],{"className":67,"code":86517,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"with open(\"notes.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    text = file.read()\n    print(text)\n",[15,86519,86520,86563,86578],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,86521,86522,86524,86526,86528,86530,86533,86535,86537,86539,86541,86543,86545,86547,86549,86551,86553,86555,86557,86559,86561],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,86523,86231],{"class":3529},[74,86525,86234],{"class":102},[74,86527,107],{"class":106},[74,86529,122],{"class":88},[74,86531,86532],{"class":92},"notes.txt",[74,86534,122],{"class":88},[74,86536,249],{"class":106},[74,86538,89],{"class":88},[74,86540,60153],{"class":92},[74,86542,122],{"class":88},[74,86544,249],{"class":106},[74,86546,86256],{"class":8831},[74,86548,85],{"class":84},[74,86550,122],{"class":88},[74,86552,86263],{"class":92},[74,86554,122],{"class":88},[74,86556,3311],{"class":106},[74,86558,47010],{"class":3529},[74,86560,86273],{"class":86272},[74,86562,6046],{"class":106},[74,86564,86565,86568,86570,86572,86574,86576],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,86566,86567],{"class":80},"    text ",[74,86569,85],{"class":84},[74,86571,86273],{"class":86272},[74,86573,114],{"class":106},[74,86575,86289],{"class":110},[74,86577,8299],{"class":106},[74,86579,86580,86582,86584,86586],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,86581,7726],{"class":102},[74,86583,107],{"class":106},[74,86585,111],{"class":110},[74,86587,260],{"class":106},[20,86589,19612],{},[30,86591,86592,86598,86603],{},[33,86593,86594,86597],{},[15,86595,86596],{},"\"notes.txt\""," is the file name",[33,86599,86600,86602],{},[15,86601,86310],{}," means open for reading",[33,86604,86605,86608],{},[15,86606,86607],{},"encoding=\"utf-8\""," tells Python how to decode the text",[60,86610,86612],{"id":86611},"common-file-modes","Common file modes",[20,86614,86615],{},"These are the modes beginners use most often:",[30,86617,86618,86623,86629,86634,86640,86646],{},[33,86619,86620,86622],{},[15,86621,86310],{}," = read a text file",[33,86624,86625,86628],{},[15,86626,86627],{},"\"w\""," = write a text file and replace existing content",[33,86630,86631,86633],{},[15,86632,215],{}," = append text to the end of a file",[33,86635,86636,86639],{},[15,86637,86638],{},"\"x\""," = create a new file and fail if it already exists",[33,86641,86642,86645],{},[15,86643,86644],{},"\"rb\""," = read a binary file",[33,86647,86648,86651],{},[15,86649,86650],{},"\"wb\""," = write a binary file",[20,86653,313],{},[65,86655,86657],{"className":67,"code":86656,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"# Read a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,86658,86659,86664,86707],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,86660,86661],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,86662,86663],{"class":3314},"# Read a text file\n",[74,86665,86666,86668,86670,86672,86674,86677,86679,86681,86683,86685,86687,86689,86691,86693,86695,86697,86699,86701,86703,86705],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,86667,86231],{"class":3529},[74,86669,86234],{"class":102},[74,86671,107],{"class":106},[74,86673,122],{"class":88},[74,86675,86676],{"class":92},"data.txt",[74,86678,122],{"class":88},[74,86680,249],{"class":106},[74,86682,89],{"class":88},[74,86684,60153],{"class":92},[74,86686,122],{"class":88},[74,86688,249],{"class":106},[74,86690,86256],{"class":8831},[74,86692,85],{"class":84},[74,86694,122],{"class":88},[74,86696,86263],{"class":92},[74,86698,122],{"class":88},[74,86700,3311],{"class":106},[74,86702,47010],{"class":3529},[74,86704,86273],{"class":86272},[74,86706,6046],{"class":106},[74,86708,86709,86711,86713,86715,86717,86719],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,86710,7726],{"class":102},[74,86712,107],{"class":106},[74,86714,86379],{"class":86272},[74,86716,114],{"class":106},[74,86718,86289],{"class":110},[74,86720,6848],{"class":106},[65,86722,86724],{"className":67,"code":86723,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Hello\\n\")\n",[15,86725,86726,86731,86773],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,86727,86728],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,86729,86730],{"class":3314},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\n",[74,86732,86733,86735,86737,86739,86741,86743,86745,86747,86749,86751,86753,86755,86757,86759,86761,86763,86765,86767,86769,86771],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,86734,86231],{"class":3529},[74,86736,86234],{"class":102},[74,86738,107],{"class":106},[74,86740,122],{"class":88},[74,86742,86676],{"class":92},[74,86744,122],{"class":88},[74,86746,249],{"class":106},[74,86748,89],{"class":88},[74,86750,60136],{"class":92},[74,86752,122],{"class":88},[74,86754,249],{"class":106},[74,86756,86256],{"class":8831},[74,86758,85],{"class":84},[74,86760,122],{"class":88},[74,86762,86263],{"class":92},[74,86764,122],{"class":88},[74,86766,3311],{"class":106},[74,86768,47010],{"class":3529},[74,86770,86273],{"class":86272},[74,86772,6046],{"class":106},[74,86774,86775,86778,86780,86782,86784,86786,86788,86791,86793],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,86776,86777],{"class":86272},"    file",[74,86779,114],{"class":106},[74,86781,69836],{"class":110},[74,86783,107],{"class":106},[74,86785,122],{"class":88},[74,86787,34524],{"class":92},[74,86789,86790],{"class":34111},"\\n",[74,86792,122],{"class":88},[74,86794,260],{"class":106},[65,86796,86798],{"className":67,"code":86797,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"# Append to a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Another line\\n\")\n",[15,86799,86800,86805,86847],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,86801,86802],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,86803,86804],{"class":3314},"# Append to a text file\n",[74,86806,86807,86809,86811,86813,86815,86817,86819,86821,86823,86825,86827,86829,86831,86833,86835,86837,86839,86841,86843,86845],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,86808,86231],{"class":3529},[74,86810,86234],{"class":102},[74,86812,107],{"class":106},[74,86814,122],{"class":88},[74,86816,86676],{"class":92},[74,86818,122],{"class":88},[74,86820,249],{"class":106},[74,86822,89],{"class":88},[74,86824,125],{"class":92},[74,86826,122],{"class":88},[74,86828,249],{"class":106},[74,86830,86256],{"class":8831},[74,86832,85],{"class":84},[74,86834,122],{"class":88},[74,86836,86263],{"class":92},[74,86838,122],{"class":88},[74,86840,3311],{"class":106},[74,86842,47010],{"class":3529},[74,86844,86273],{"class":86272},[74,86846,6046],{"class":106},[74,86848,86849,86851,86853,86855,86857,86859,86862,86864,86866],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,86850,86777],{"class":86272},[74,86852,114],{"class":106},[74,86854,69836],{"class":110},[74,86856,107],{"class":106},[74,86858,122],{"class":88},[74,86860,86861],{"class":92},"Another line",[74,86863,86790],{"class":34111},[74,86865,122],{"class":88},[74,86867,260],{"class":106},[20,86869,68988,86870,86872],{},[15,86871,86627],{}," mode. If the file already exists, its old contents are removed.",[60,86874,86876],{"id":86875},"what-open-returns","What open() returns",[20,86878,86879,21631,86881,114],{},[15,86880,86212],{},[332,86882,86337],{},[20,86884,86885],{},"A file object is the thing you actually use to work with the file. It gives you methods like:",[30,86887,86888,86893,86898],{},[33,86889,86890],{},[15,86891,86892],{},"file.read()",[33,86894,86895],{},[15,86896,86897],{},"file.write()",[33,86899,86900],{},[15,86901,86902],{},"file.close()",[20,86904,86905],{},"It also keeps track of the current position in the file.",[20,86907,506],{},[65,86909,86911],{"className":67,"code":86910,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(type(file))\n",[15,86912,86913,86955],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,86914,86915,86917,86919,86921,86923,86925,86927,86929,86931,86933,86935,86937,86939,86941,86943,86945,86947,86949,86951,86953],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,86916,86231],{"class":3529},[74,86918,86234],{"class":102},[74,86920,107],{"class":106},[74,86922,122],{"class":88},[74,86924,86241],{"class":92},[74,86926,122],{"class":88},[74,86928,249],{"class":106},[74,86930,89],{"class":88},[74,86932,60153],{"class":92},[74,86934,122],{"class":88},[74,86936,249],{"class":106},[74,86938,86256],{"class":8831},[74,86940,85],{"class":84},[74,86942,122],{"class":88},[74,86944,86263],{"class":92},[74,86946,122],{"class":88},[74,86948,3311],{"class":106},[74,86950,47010],{"class":3529},[74,86952,86273],{"class":86272},[74,86954,6046],{"class":106},[74,86956,86957,86959,86961,86963,86965,86967],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,86958,7726],{"class":102},[74,86960,107],{"class":106},[74,86962,1346],{"class":1345},[74,86964,107],{"class":106},[74,86966,86379],{"class":86272},[74,86968,130],{"class":106},[20,86970,29685],{},[65,86972,86974],{"className":67,"code":86973,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"\u003Cclass '_io.TextIOWrapper'>\n",[15,86975,86976],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,86977,86978,86980,86982,86984,86987,86989],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,86979,2935],{"class":84},[74,86981,2938],{"class":1711},[74,86983,2941],{"class":88},[74,86985,86986],{"class":92},"_io.TextIOWrapper",[74,86988,2946],{"class":88},[74,86990,2949],{"class":84},[20,86992,86993,86994,86996],{},"You do not need to memorize that type name. The important idea is that ",[15,86995,86212],{}," gives you an object that knows how to interact with the file.",[60,86998,87000],{"id":86999},"why-beginners-should-use-with","Why beginners should use with",[20,87002,87003],{},"Beginners should usually write file code like this:",[65,87005,87006],{"className":67,"code":86224,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,87007,87008,87050,87064],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,87009,87010,87012,87014,87016,87018,87020,87022,87024,87026,87028,87030,87032,87034,87036,87038,87040,87042,87044,87046,87048],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,87011,86231],{"class":3529},[74,87013,86234],{"class":102},[74,87015,107],{"class":106},[74,87017,122],{"class":88},[74,87019,86241],{"class":92},[74,87021,122],{"class":88},[74,87023,249],{"class":106},[74,87025,89],{"class":88},[74,87027,60153],{"class":92},[74,87029,122],{"class":88},[74,87031,249],{"class":106},[74,87033,86256],{"class":8831},[74,87035,85],{"class":84},[74,87037,122],{"class":88},[74,87039,86263],{"class":92},[74,87041,122],{"class":88},[74,87043,3311],{"class":106},[74,87045,47010],{"class":3529},[74,87047,86273],{"class":86272},[74,87049,6046],{"class":106},[74,87051,87052,87054,87056,87058,87060,87062],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,87053,86280],{"class":80},[74,87055,85],{"class":84},[74,87057,86273],{"class":86272},[74,87059,114],{"class":106},[74,87061,86289],{"class":110},[74,87063,8299],{"class":106},[74,87065,87066,87068,87070,87072],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,87067,7726],{"class":102},[74,87069,107],{"class":106},[74,87071,86300],{"class":110},[74,87073,260],{"class":106},[20,87075,87076],{},"Why this is recommended:",[30,87078,87079,87084,87090,87093],{},[33,87080,87081,87083],{},[15,87082,86231],{}," automatically closes the file when the block ends",[33,87085,87086,87087,87089],{},"It is safer than calling ",[15,87088,86367],{}," yourself",[33,87091,87092],{},"It helps prevent bugs caused by leaving files open",[33,87094,87095],{},"It is the standard pattern you will see in most Python code",[20,87097,83389,87098,87100],{},[15,87099,86231],{},", you must remember to close the file yourself:",[65,87102,87103],{"className":67,"code":86372,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,87104,87105,87143,87157,87167],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,87106,87107,87109,87111,87113,87115,87117,87119,87121,87123,87125,87127,87129,87131,87133,87135,87137,87139,87141],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,87108,86379],{"class":86272},[74,87110,12933],{"class":84},[74,87112,86234],{"class":102},[74,87114,107],{"class":106},[74,87116,122],{"class":88},[74,87118,86241],{"class":92},[74,87120,122],{"class":88},[74,87122,249],{"class":106},[74,87124,89],{"class":88},[74,87126,60153],{"class":92},[74,87128,122],{"class":88},[74,87130,249],{"class":106},[74,87132,86256],{"class":8831},[74,87134,85],{"class":84},[74,87136,122],{"class":88},[74,87138,86263],{"class":92},[74,87140,122],{"class":88},[74,87142,260],{"class":106},[74,87144,87145,87147,87149,87151,87153,87155],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,87146,86418],{"class":80},[74,87148,85],{"class":84},[74,87150,86273],{"class":86272},[74,87152,114],{"class":106},[74,87154,86289],{"class":110},[74,87156,8299],{"class":106},[74,87158,87159,87161,87163,87165],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,87160,103],{"class":102},[74,87162,107],{"class":106},[74,87164,86300],{"class":110},[74,87166,260],{"class":106},[74,87168,87169,87171,87173,87175],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,87170,86379],{"class":86272},[74,87172,114],{"class":106},[74,87174,86447],{"class":110},[74,87176,8299],{"class":106},[20,87178,87179],{},"That version is easier to get wrong.",[60,87181,87183],{"id":87182},"reading-text-with-open","Reading text with open()",[20,87185,87186,87187,87189],{},"Use mode ",[15,87188,86310],{}," when you want to read a text file.",[262,87191,87193],{"id":87192},"read-the-whole-file","Read the whole file",[20,87195,87196,87198],{},[15,87197,86347],{}," returns the full contents as one string.",[65,87200,87201],{"className":67,"code":86224,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,87202,87203,87245,87259],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,87204,87205,87207,87209,87211,87213,87215,87217,87219,87221,87223,87225,87227,87229,87231,87233,87235,87237,87239,87241,87243],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,87206,86231],{"class":3529},[74,87208,86234],{"class":102},[74,87210,107],{"class":106},[74,87212,122],{"class":88},[74,87214,86241],{"class":92},[74,87216,122],{"class":88},[74,87218,249],{"class":106},[74,87220,89],{"class":88},[74,87222,60153],{"class":92},[74,87224,122],{"class":88},[74,87226,249],{"class":106},[74,87228,86256],{"class":8831},[74,87230,85],{"class":84},[74,87232,122],{"class":88},[74,87234,86263],{"class":92},[74,87236,122],{"class":88},[74,87238,3311],{"class":106},[74,87240,47010],{"class":3529},[74,87242,86273],{"class":86272},[74,87244,6046],{"class":106},[74,87246,87247,87249,87251,87253,87255,87257],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,87248,86280],{"class":80},[74,87250,85],{"class":84},[74,87252,86273],{"class":86272},[74,87254,114],{"class":106},[74,87256,86289],{"class":110},[74,87258,8299],{"class":106},[74,87260,87261,87263,87265,87267],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,87262,7726],{"class":102},[74,87264,107],{"class":106},[74,87266,86300],{"class":110},[74,87268,260],{"class":106},[262,87270,87272],{"id":87271},"read-one-line","Read one line",[20,87274,87275,87277],{},[15,87276,86352],{}," reads one line at a time.",[65,87279,87281],{"className":67,"code":87280,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    first_line = file.readline()\n    print(first_line)\n",[15,87282,87283,87325,87341],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,87284,87285,87287,87289,87291,87293,87295,87297,87299,87301,87303,87305,87307,87309,87311,87313,87315,87317,87319,87321,87323],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,87286,86231],{"class":3529},[74,87288,86234],{"class":102},[74,87290,107],{"class":106},[74,87292,122],{"class":88},[74,87294,86241],{"class":92},[74,87296,122],{"class":88},[74,87298,249],{"class":106},[74,87300,89],{"class":88},[74,87302,60153],{"class":92},[74,87304,122],{"class":88},[74,87306,249],{"class":106},[74,87308,86256],{"class":8831},[74,87310,85],{"class":84},[74,87312,122],{"class":88},[74,87314,86263],{"class":92},[74,87316,122],{"class":88},[74,87318,3311],{"class":106},[74,87320,47010],{"class":3529},[74,87322,86273],{"class":86272},[74,87324,6046],{"class":106},[74,87326,87327,87330,87332,87334,87336,87339],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,87328,87329],{"class":80},"    first_line ",[74,87331,85],{"class":84},[74,87333,86273],{"class":86272},[74,87335,114],{"class":106},[74,87337,87338],{"class":110},"readline",[74,87340,8299],{"class":106},[74,87342,87343,87345,87347,87350],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,87344,7726],{"class":102},[74,87346,107],{"class":106},[74,87348,87349],{"class":110},"first_line",[74,87351,260],{"class":106},[262,87353,87355],{"id":87354},"loop-over-the-file-line-by-line","Loop over the file line by line",[20,87357,87358],{},"This is often the best choice for larger files.",[65,87360,87362],{"className":67,"code":87361,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    for line in file:\n        print(line.strip())\n",[15,87363,87364,87406,87420],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,87365,87366,87368,87370,87372,87374,87376,87378,87380,87382,87384,87386,87388,87390,87392,87394,87396,87398,87400,87402,87404],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,87367,86231],{"class":3529},[74,87369,86234],{"class":102},[74,87371,107],{"class":106},[74,87373,122],{"class":88},[74,87375,86241],{"class":92},[74,87377,122],{"class":88},[74,87379,249],{"class":106},[74,87381,89],{"class":88},[74,87383,60153],{"class":92},[74,87385,122],{"class":88},[74,87387,249],{"class":106},[74,87389,86256],{"class":8831},[74,87391,85],{"class":84},[74,87393,122],{"class":88},[74,87395,86263],{"class":92},[74,87397,122],{"class":88},[74,87399,3311],{"class":106},[74,87401,47010],{"class":3529},[74,87403,86273],{"class":86272},[74,87405,6046],{"class":106},[74,87407,87408,87411,87414,87416,87418],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,87409,87410],{"class":3529},"    for",[74,87412,87413],{"class":80}," line ",[74,87415,351],{"class":3529},[74,87417,86273],{"class":86272},[74,87419,6046],{"class":106},[74,87421,87422,87424,87426,87428,87430,87432],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,87423,46990],{"class":102},[74,87425,107],{"class":106},[74,87427,76],{"class":110},[74,87429,114],{"class":106},[74,87431,8292],{"class":110},[74,87433,6848],{"class":106},[20,87435,87436,87437,339,87441,114],{},"If you want a full beginner walkthrough, see ",[125,87438,87440],{"href":87439},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File in Python",[125,87442,87444],{"href":87443},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-line-by-line-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File Line by Line in Python",[60,87446,87448],{"id":87447},"writing-text-with-open","Writing text with open()",[20,87450,176,87451,87453],{},[15,87452,86627],{}," to create a file or overwrite an existing file.",[65,87455,87457],{"className":67,"code":87456,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"First line\\n\")\n    file.write(\"Second line\\n\")\n",[15,87458,87459,87502,87523],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,87460,87461,87463,87465,87467,87469,87472,87474,87476,87478,87480,87482,87484,87486,87488,87490,87492,87494,87496,87498,87500],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,87462,86231],{"class":3529},[74,87464,86234],{"class":102},[74,87466,107],{"class":106},[74,87468,122],{"class":88},[74,87470,87471],{"class":92},"output.txt",[74,87473,122],{"class":88},[74,87475,249],{"class":106},[74,87477,89],{"class":88},[74,87479,60136],{"class":92},[74,87481,122],{"class":88},[74,87483,249],{"class":106},[74,87485,86256],{"class":8831},[74,87487,85],{"class":84},[74,87489,122],{"class":88},[74,87491,86263],{"class":92},[74,87493,122],{"class":88},[74,87495,3311],{"class":106},[74,87497,47010],{"class":3529},[74,87499,86273],{"class":86272},[74,87501,6046],{"class":106},[74,87503,87504,87506,87508,87510,87512,87514,87517,87519,87521],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,87505,86777],{"class":86272},[74,87507,114],{"class":106},[74,87509,69836],{"class":110},[74,87511,107],{"class":106},[74,87513,122],{"class":88},[74,87515,87516],{"class":92},"First line",[74,87518,86790],{"class":34111},[74,87520,122],{"class":88},[74,87522,260],{"class":106},[74,87524,87525,87527,87529,87531,87533,87535,87538,87540,87542],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,87526,86777],{"class":86272},[74,87528,114],{"class":106},[74,87530,69836],{"class":110},[74,87532,107],{"class":106},[74,87534,122],{"class":88},[74,87536,87537],{"class":92},"Second line",[74,87539,86790],{"class":34111},[74,87541,122],{"class":88},[74,87543,260],{"class":106},[20,87545,176,87546,87548],{},[15,87547,215],{}," if you want to add content without deleting what is already there.",[65,87550,87552],{"className":67,"code":87551,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Third line\\n\")\n",[15,87553,87554,87596],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,87555,87556,87558,87560,87562,87564,87566,87568,87570,87572,87574,87576,87578,87580,87582,87584,87586,87588,87590,87592,87594],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,87557,86231],{"class":3529},[74,87559,86234],{"class":102},[74,87561,107],{"class":106},[74,87563,122],{"class":88},[74,87565,87471],{"class":92},[74,87567,122],{"class":88},[74,87569,249],{"class":106},[74,87571,89],{"class":88},[74,87573,125],{"class":92},[74,87575,122],{"class":88},[74,87577,249],{"class":106},[74,87579,86256],{"class":8831},[74,87581,85],{"class":84},[74,87583,122],{"class":88},[74,87585,86263],{"class":92},[74,87587,122],{"class":88},[74,87589,3311],{"class":106},[74,87591,47010],{"class":3529},[74,87593,86273],{"class":86272},[74,87595,6046],{"class":106},[74,87597,87598,87600,87602,87604,87606,87608,87611,87613,87615],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,87599,86777],{"class":86272},[74,87601,114],{"class":106},[74,87603,69836],{"class":110},[74,87605,107],{"class":106},[74,87607,122],{"class":88},[74,87609,87610],{"class":92},"Third line",[74,87612,86790],{"class":34111},[74,87614,122],{"class":88},[74,87616,260],{"class":106},[20,87618,87619],{},"Important detail:",[30,87621,87622,87627,87634],{},[33,87623,87624,87626],{},[15,87625,86362],{}," writes a string",[33,87628,87629,13711,87631,87633],{},[15,87630,86362],{},[332,87632,334],{}," add a newline for you",[33,87635,87636,87637,87089],{},"If you want a new line, include ",[15,87638,86790],{},[20,87640,87641,87642,339,87646,114],{},"If your goal is a full task rather than a function reference, see ",[125,87643,87645],{"href":87644},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-write-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Write to a File in Python",[125,87647,87649],{"href":87648},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-append-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Append to a File in Python",[60,87651,87653],{"id":87652},"important-arguments-beginners-should-know","Important arguments beginners should know",[20,87655,87656],{},"A few arguments matter more than others when starting out.",[262,87658,87660],{"id":87659},"encodingutf-8",[15,87661,86607],{},[20,87663,87664],{},"For text files, this is a good default.",[65,87666,87668],{"className":67,"code":87667,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"with open(\"message.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87669,87670,87713],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,87671,87672,87674,87676,87678,87680,87683,87685,87687,87689,87691,87693,87695,87697,87699,87701,87703,87705,87707,87709,87711],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,87673,86231],{"class":3529},[74,87675,86234],{"class":102},[74,87677,107],{"class":106},[74,87679,122],{"class":88},[74,87681,87682],{"class":92},"message.txt",[74,87684,122],{"class":88},[74,87686,249],{"class":106},[74,87688,89],{"class":88},[74,87690,60153],{"class":92},[74,87692,122],{"class":88},[74,87694,249],{"class":106},[74,87696,86256],{"class":8831},[74,87698,85],{"class":84},[74,87700,122],{"class":88},[74,87702,86263],{"class":92},[74,87704,122],{"class":88},[74,87706,3311],{"class":106},[74,87708,47010],{"class":3529},[74,87710,86273],{"class":86272},[74,87712,6046],{"class":106},[74,87714,87715,87717,87719,87721,87723,87725],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,87716,7726],{"class":102},[74,87718,107],{"class":106},[74,87720,86379],{"class":86272},[74,87722,114],{"class":106},[74,87724,86289],{"class":110},[74,87726,6848],{"class":106},[20,87728,87729],{},"Why it matters:",[30,87731,87732,87735,87738],{},[33,87733,87734],{},"It helps Python read text correctly",[33,87736,87737],{},"It avoids some text decoding problems",[33,87739,87740],{},"It makes your code more consistent across systems",[262,87742,87744],{"id":87743},"newline",[15,87745,87743],{},[20,87747,87748],{},"This is mostly useful when writing CSV files or when you need exact control over line endings.",[20,87750,87751],{},"Beginners usually do not need it for normal text files.",[262,87753,87755],{"id":87754},"buffering",[15,87756,87754],{},[20,87758,87759],{},"This is an advanced argument.",[20,87761,87762],{},"Most beginners can ignore it and use the default.",[60,87764,87766],{"id":87765},"common-errors-when-using-open","Common errors when using open()",[20,87768,87769],{},"Here are some common file-related errors you may see.",[262,87771,87773],{"id":87772},"filenotfounderror",[15,87774,87775],{},"FileNotFoundError",[20,87777,87778],{},"This happens when:",[30,87780,87781,87784,87787],{},[33,87782,87783],{},"the file does not exist",[33,87785,87786],{},"the path is wrong",[33,87788,87789],{},"your program is running from a different folder than you expect",[20,87791,506],{},[65,87793,87795],{"className":67,"code":87794,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"with open(\"missing.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87796,87797,87840],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,87798,87799,87801,87803,87805,87807,87810,87812,87814,87816,87818,87820,87822,87824,87826,87828,87830,87832,87834,87836,87838],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,87800,86231],{"class":3529},[74,87802,86234],{"class":102},[74,87804,107],{"class":106},[74,87806,122],{"class":88},[74,87808,87809],{"class":92},"missing.txt",[74,87811,122],{"class":88},[74,87813,249],{"class":106},[74,87815,89],{"class":88},[74,87817,60153],{"class":92},[74,87819,122],{"class":88},[74,87821,249],{"class":106},[74,87823,86256],{"class":8831},[74,87825,85],{"class":84},[74,87827,122],{"class":88},[74,87829,86263],{"class":92},[74,87831,122],{"class":88},[74,87833,3311],{"class":106},[74,87835,47010],{"class":3529},[74,87837,86273],{"class":86272},[74,87839,6046],{"class":106},[74,87841,87842,87844,87846,87848,87850,87852],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,87843,7726],{"class":102},[74,87845,107],{"class":106},[74,87847,86379],{"class":86272},[74,87849,114],{"class":106},[74,87851,86289],{"class":110},[74,87853,6848],{"class":106},[20,87855,87856,87857,51,87865,114],{},"If you are stuck, see ",[125,87858,87860,87861,87864],{"href":87859},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ffilenotfounderror-errno-2-no-such-file-or-directory-fix\u002F","FileNotFoundError: ",[74,87862,87863],{},"Errno 2"," No such file or directory",[125,87866,87868],{"href":87867},"\u002Flearn\u002Fworking-with-file-paths-in-python\u002F","Working with File Paths in Python",[262,87870,87872],{"id":87871},"permissionerror",[15,87873,87874],{},"PermissionError",[20,87876,87877],{},"This happens when Python does not have permission to access the file.",[20,87879,87880],{},"Example causes:",[30,87882,87883,87886,87889],{},[33,87884,87885],{},"the file is protected",[33,87887,87888],{},"you are trying to write somewhere you should not",[33,87890,87891],{},"another program is blocking access",[20,87893,87894,87895],{},"Related page: ",[125,87896,87898,87899,87902],{"href":87897},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fpermissionerror-errno-13-permission-denied-fix\u002F","PermissionError: ",[74,87900,87901],{},"Errno 13"," Permission denied",[262,87904,87906],{"id":87905},"isadirectoryerror",[15,87907,87908],{},"IsADirectoryError",[20,87910,87911],{},"This happens when you pass a folder path instead of a file path.",[20,87913,506],{},[65,87915,87917],{"className":67,"code":87916,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"with open(\"my_folder\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87918,87919,87962],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,87920,87921,87923,87925,87927,87929,87932,87934,87936,87938,87940,87942,87944,87946,87948,87950,87952,87954,87956,87958,87960],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,87922,86231],{"class":3529},[74,87924,86234],{"class":102},[74,87926,107],{"class":106},[74,87928,122],{"class":88},[74,87930,87931],{"class":92},"my_folder",[74,87933,122],{"class":88},[74,87935,249],{"class":106},[74,87937,89],{"class":88},[74,87939,60153],{"class":92},[74,87941,122],{"class":88},[74,87943,249],{"class":106},[74,87945,86256],{"class":8831},[74,87947,85],{"class":84},[74,87949,122],{"class":88},[74,87951,86263],{"class":92},[74,87953,122],{"class":88},[74,87955,3311],{"class":106},[74,87957,47010],{"class":3529},[74,87959,86273],{"class":86272},[74,87961,6046],{"class":106},[74,87963,87964,87966,87968,87970,87972,87974],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,87965,7726],{"class":102},[74,87967,107],{"class":106},[74,87969,86379],{"class":86272},[74,87971,114],{"class":106},[74,87973,86289],{"class":110},[74,87975,6848],{"class":106},[20,87977,87894,87978],{},[125,87979,87981,87982,87985],{"href":87980},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fisadirectoryerror-errno-21-is-a-directory-fix\u002F","IsADirectoryError: ",[74,87983,87984],{},"Errno 21"," Is a directory",[262,87987,87989],{"id":87988},"unicodedecodeerror",[15,87990,87991],{},"UnicodeDecodeError",[20,87993,87994,87995,114],{},"This can happen when the file's real encoding does not match the encoding you used in ",[15,87996,86212],{},[20,87998,87894,87999],{},[125,88000,88002],{"href":88001},"\u002Ferrors\u002Funicodedecodeerror-utf-8-codec-cant-decode-byte-fix\u002F","UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte",[60,88004,88006],{"id":88005},"when-to-use-other-pages","When to use other pages",[20,88008,88009,88010,88012],{},"This page is a reference for the ",[15,88011,86212],{}," function.",[20,88014,88015],{},"Use other pages when you need something more specific:",[30,88017,88018,88021,88024,88030],{},[33,88019,88020],{},"Use a how-to page for a full task, such as reading a file line by line",[33,88022,88023],{},"Use an error page when you already have a specific exception to fix",[33,88025,88026,88027,88029],{},"Use a path page when the real problem is the file location, not ",[15,88028,86212],{}," itself",[33,88031,88032,88033],{},"For a broader introduction, see ",[125,88034,88036],{"href":88035},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-file-handling-basics-read-and-write\u002F","Python File Handling Basics: Read and Write",[60,88038,914],{"id":913},[20,88040,88041,88042,679],{},"These are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,88043,86212],{},[30,88045,88046,88051,88057,88062,88065,88068],{},[33,88047,571,88048,88050],{},[15,88049,86310],{}," mode on a file that does not exist",[33,88052,88053,88054,88056],{},"Forgetting to use ",[15,88055,86511],{}," for text files",[33,88058,571,88059,88061],{},[15,88060,86627],{}," and accidentally deleting old content",[33,88063,88064],{},"Trying to read from a file opened in write mode",[33,88066,88067],{},"Passing a folder path instead of a file path",[33,88069,88070],{},"Using a relative path from the wrong working directory",[20,88072,88073],{},"If you are not sure what Python is trying to open, these quick checks can help:",[65,88075,88077],{"className":67,"code":88076,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"import os\nprint(os.getcwd())\n",[15,88078,88079,88086],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,88080,88081,88083],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,88082,34748],{"class":3529},[74,88084,88085],{"class":80}," os\n",[74,88087,88088,88090,88092,88094,88096,88099],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,88089,103],{"class":102},[74,88091,107],{"class":106},[74,88093,42281],{"class":110},[74,88095,114],{"class":106},[74,88097,88098],{"class":110},"getcwd",[74,88100,6848],{"class":106},[20,88102,88103],{},"This shows the current working directory.",[65,88105,88107],{"className":67,"code":88106,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"import os\nprint(os.path.exists(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,88108,88109,88115],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,88110,88111,88113],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,88112,34748],{"class":3529},[74,88114,88085],{"class":80},[74,88116,88117,88119,88121,88123,88125,88128,88130,88133,88135,88137,88139,88141],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,88118,103],{"class":102},[74,88120,107],{"class":106},[74,88122,42281],{"class":110},[74,88124,114],{"class":106},[74,88126,88127],{"class":24406},"path",[74,88129,114],{"class":106},[74,88131,88132],{"class":110},"exists",[74,88134,107],{"class":106},[74,88136,122],{"class":88},[74,88138,86241],{"class":92},[74,88140,122],{"class":88},[74,88142,130],{"class":106},[20,88144,88145],{},"This checks whether the path exists.",[65,88147,88149],{"className":67,"code":88148,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"import os\nprint(os.path.isfile(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,88150,88151,88157],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,88152,88153,88155],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,88154,34748],{"class":3529},[74,88156,88085],{"class":80},[74,88158,88159,88161,88163,88165,88167,88169,88171,88174,88176,88178,88180,88182],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,88160,103],{"class":102},[74,88162,107],{"class":106},[74,88164,42281],{"class":110},[74,88166,114],{"class":106},[74,88168,88127],{"class":24406},[74,88170,114],{"class":106},[74,88172,88173],{"class":110},"isfile",[74,88175,107],{"class":106},[74,88177,122],{"class":88},[74,88179,86241],{"class":92},[74,88181,122],{"class":88},[74,88183,130],{"class":106},[20,88185,88186],{},"This checks whether the path is a file.",[65,88188,88190],{"className":67,"code":88189,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88191,88192,88234],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,88193,88194,88196,88198,88200,88202,88204,88206,88208,88210,88212,88214,88216,88218,88220,88222,88224,88226,88228,88230,88232],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,88195,86231],{"class":3529},[74,88197,86234],{"class":102},[74,88199,107],{"class":106},[74,88201,122],{"class":88},[74,88203,86241],{"class":92},[74,88205,122],{"class":88},[74,88207,249],{"class":106},[74,88209,89],{"class":88},[74,88211,60153],{"class":92},[74,88213,122],{"class":88},[74,88215,249],{"class":106},[74,88217,86256],{"class":8831},[74,88219,85],{"class":84},[74,88221,122],{"class":88},[74,88223,86263],{"class":92},[74,88225,122],{"class":88},[74,88227,3311],{"class":106},[74,88229,47010],{"class":3529},[74,88231,86273],{"class":86272},[74,88233,6046],{"class":106},[74,88235,88236,88238,88240,88242,88244,88246],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,88237,7726],{"class":102},[74,88239,107],{"class":106},[74,88241,86379],{"class":86272},[74,88243,114],{"class":106},[74,88245,86289],{"class":110},[74,88247,6848],{"class":106},[20,88249,88250],{},"This is a simple test to confirm the file can be opened and read.",[60,88252,1471],{"id":1470},[262,88254,88256],{"id":88255},"what-does-open-return-in-python","What does open() return in Python?",[20,88258,88259],{},"It returns a file object. You use that object to read, write, or close the file.",[262,88261,88263],{"id":88262},"what-is-the-safest-way-to-use-open","What is the safest way to use open()?",[20,88265,88266,88267,88269],{},"Use it inside a ",[15,88268,86231],{}," block so the file closes automatically.",[262,88271,4828,88273,51,88275,88277],{"id":88272},"what-is-the-difference-between-w-and-a-mode",[15,88274,86627],{},[15,88276,215],{}," mode?",[20,88279,88280,88282,88283,88285],{},[15,88281,86627],{}," overwrites the file. ",[15,88284,215],{}," adds new content to the end.",[262,88287,88289],{"id":88288},"why-do-i-get-filenotfounderror-with-open","Why do I get FileNotFoundError with open()?",[20,88291,88292],{},"Usually the file path is wrong, the file does not exist, or your program is running from a different folder than you expect.",[262,88294,88296],{"id":88295},"should-i-always-set-encoding-when-opening-a-text-file","Should I always set encoding when opening a text file?",[20,88298,88299,88300,88302],{},"It is a good habit. ",[15,88301,86607],{}," is a safe default for many text files.",[60,88304,1527],{"id":1526},[30,88306,88307,88311,88315,88319,88323,88327,88331,88337],{},[33,88308,88309],{},[125,88310,87440],{"href":87439},[33,88312,88313],{},[125,88314,87645],{"href":87644},[33,88316,88317],{},[125,88318,87649],{"href":87648},[33,88320,88321],{},[125,88322,87444],{"href":87443},[33,88324,88325],{},[125,88326,88036],{"href":88035},[33,88328,88329],{},[125,88330,87868],{"href":87867},[33,88332,88333],{},[125,88334,87860,88335,87864],{"href":87859},[74,88336,87863],{},[33,88338,88339],{},[125,88340,87898,88341,87902],{"href":87897},[74,88342,87901],{},[1566,88344,88345],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":70,"searchDepth":99,"depth":99,"links":88347},[88348,88349,88350,88351,88352,88353,88354,88359,88360,88365,88371,88372,88373,88381],{"id":62,"depth":99,"text":63},{"id":86314,"depth":99,"text":86315},{"id":226,"depth":99,"text":227},{"id":86611,"depth":99,"text":86612},{"id":86875,"depth":99,"text":86876},{"id":86999,"depth":99,"text":87000},{"id":87182,"depth":99,"text":87183,"children":88355},[88356,88357,88358],{"id":87192,"depth":133,"text":87193},{"id":87271,"depth":133,"text":87272},{"id":87354,"depth":133,"text":87355},{"id":87447,"depth":99,"text":87448},{"id":87652,"depth":99,"text":87653,"children":88361},[88362,88363,88364],{"id":87659,"depth":133,"text":86607},{"id":87743,"depth":133,"text":87743},{"id":87754,"depth":133,"text":87754},{"id":87765,"depth":99,"text":87766,"children":88366},[88367,88368,88369,88370],{"id":87772,"depth":133,"text":87775},{"id":87871,"depth":133,"text":87874},{"id":87905,"depth":133,"text":87908},{"id":87988,"depth":133,"text":87991},{"id":88005,"depth":99,"text":88006},{"id":913,"depth":99,"text":914},{"id":1470,"depth":99,"text":1471,"children":88374},[88375,88376,88377,88379,88380],{"id":88255,"depth":133,"text":88256},{"id":88262,"depth":133,"text":88263},{"id":88272,"depth":133,"text":88378},"What is the difference between \"w\" and \"a\" mode?",{"id":88288,"depth":133,"text":88289},{"id":88295,"depth":133,"text":88296},{"id":1526,"depth":99,"text":1527},"Master python open function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained",{"title":86202,"description":88382},"reference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained","2NUk1nPkzgPoyQ-eW0tXGQJ5BkMh9G3DaGNf-J4gI50",{"id":88389,"title":88390,"body":88391,"description":90385,"extension":1610,"meta":90386,"navigation":407,"path":90387,"seo":90388,"stem":90389,"__hash__":90390},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained.md","Python print() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":88392,"toc":90332},[88393,88398,88403,88409,88411,88479,88481,88500,88505,88510,88515,88518,88530,88532,88575,88577,88595,88606,88608,88610,88635,88637,88648,88650,88710,88712,88738,88741,88745,88750,88754,88757,88791,88795,88798,88823,88827,88850,88854,88887,88892,88896,88901,88904,88972,88974,88998,89003,89006,89037,89039,89071,89088,89092,89097,89121,89128,89133,89138,89141,89145,89180,89182,89191,89195,89286,89288,89319,89324,89331,89336,89345,89348,89382,89384,89398,89402,89443,89445,89454,89458,89506,89508,89522,89527,89538,89545,89551,89553,89588,89590,89604,89607,89629,89635,89664,89675,89681,89687,89701,89703,89782,89784,89834,89841,89843,89848,89852,89855,89870,89875,89877,89896,89902,89905,89920,89922,89940,89946,89951,89981,89984,90007,90010,90037,90044,90050,90057,90080,90085,90093,90095,90115,90119,90125,90175,90178,90200,90202,90208,90216,90222,90228,90236,90241,90245,90248,90271,90276,90283,90295,90297,90329],[10,88394,3223,88396,3227],{"id":88395},"python-print-function-explained",[15,88397,46106],{},[20,88399,31974,88400,88402],{},[15,88401,46106],{}," function displays output in the terminal or console. It is one of the first functions beginners learn because it lets you show text, numbers, variable values, and calculation results.",[20,88404,88405,88406,88408],{},"This page explains the basic syntax of ",[15,88407,46106],{},", its most useful optional arguments, and common beginner mistakes.",[60,88410,63],{"id":62},[65,88412,88414],{"className":67,"code":88413,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"name = \"Mia\"\nage = 12\n\nprint(name)\nprint(age)\nprint(\"Hello\", name)\n",[15,88415,88416,88428,88437,88441,88451,88461],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,88417,88418,88420,88422,88424,88426],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,88419,7533],{"class":80},[74,88421,85],{"class":84},[74,88423,89],{"class":88},[74,88425,7578],{"class":92},[74,88427,96],{"class":88},[74,88429,88430,88432,88434],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,88431,21284],{"class":80},[74,88433,85],{"class":84},[74,88435,88436],{"class":167}," 12\n",[74,88438,88439],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,88440,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,88442,88443,88445,88447,88449],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,88444,103],{"class":102},[74,88446,107],{"class":106},[74,88448,7323],{"class":110},[74,88450,260],{"class":106},[74,88452,88453,88455,88457,88459],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,88454,103],{"class":102},[74,88456,107],{"class":106},[74,88458,8955],{"class":110},[74,88460,260],{"class":106},[74,88462,88463,88465,88467,88469,88471,88473,88475,88477],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,88464,103],{"class":102},[74,88466,107],{"class":106},[74,88468,122],{"class":88},[74,88470,34524],{"class":92},[74,88472,122],{"class":88},[74,88474,249],{"class":106},[74,88476,35649],{"class":110},[74,88478,260],{"class":106},[20,88480,157],{},[65,88482,88484],{"className":67,"code":88483,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"Mia\n12\nHello Mia\n",[15,88485,88486,88491,88495],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,88487,88488],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,88489,88490],{"class":80},"Mia\n",[74,88492,88493],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,88494,1867],{"class":167},[74,88496,88497],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,88498,88499],{"class":80},"Hello Mia\n",[20,88501,176,88502,88504],{},[15,88503,46106],{}," to show text, numbers, and variable values on the screen.",[60,88506,3328,88508,38],{"id":88507},"what-print-does",[15,88509,46106],{},[20,88511,88512,88514],{},[15,88513,46106],{}," sends output to the screen.",[20,88516,88517],{},"You can use it to display:",[30,88519,88520,88522,88524,88527],{},[33,88521,111],{},[33,88523,3298],{},[33,88525,88526],{},"variables",[33,88528,88529],{},"expressions",[20,88531,506],{},[65,88533,88535],{"className":67,"code":88534,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(5)\nprint(2 + 3)\n",[15,88536,88537,88551,88561],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,88538,88539,88541,88543,88545,88547,88549],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,88540,103],{"class":102},[74,88542,107],{"class":106},[74,88544,122],{"class":88},[74,88546,34524],{"class":92},[74,88548,122],{"class":88},[74,88550,260],{"class":106},[74,88552,88553,88555,88557,88559],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,88554,103],{"class":102},[74,88556,107],{"class":106},[74,88558,711],{"class":167},[74,88560,260],{"class":106},[74,88562,88563,88565,88567,88569,88571,88573],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,88564,103],{"class":102},[74,88566,107],{"class":106},[74,88568,687],{"class":167},[74,88570,2097],{"class":84},[74,88572,2094],{"class":167},[74,88574,260],{"class":106},[20,88576,157],{},[65,88578,88580],{"className":67,"code":88579,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"Hello\n5\n5\n",[15,88581,88582,88587,88591],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,88583,88584],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,88585,88586],{"class":80},"Hello\n",[74,88588,88589],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,88590,2590],{"class":167},[74,88592,88593],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,88594,2590],{"class":167},[20,88596,88597,88598,88600,88601,88605],{},"A very important detail is that ",[15,88599,46106],{}," ",[332,88602,3342,88603],{},[15,88604,3429],{},". Its job is to display something, not to give you a value back.",[60,88607,227],{"id":226},[20,88609,30381],{},[65,88611,88613],{"className":67,"code":88612,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(object1, object2, ...)\n",[15,88614,88615],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,88616,88617,88619,88621,88624,88626,88629,88631,88633],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,88618,103],{"class":102},[74,88620,107],{"class":106},[74,88622,88623],{"class":110},"object1",[74,88625,249],{"class":106},[74,88627,88628],{"class":110}," object2",[74,88630,249],{"class":106},[74,88632,34112],{"class":102},[74,88634,260],{"class":106},[20,88636,79840],{},[30,88638,88639,88642,88645],{},[33,88640,88641],{},"one value",[33,88643,88644],{},"many values",[33,88646,88647],{},"strings, numbers, variables, or expressions",[20,88649,506],{},[65,88651,88653],{"className":67,"code":88652,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(\"Apple\")\nprint(\"Score:\", 10)\nprint(\"Total:\", 4 + 6)\n",[15,88654,88655,88669,88688],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,88656,88657,88659,88661,88663,88665,88667],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,88658,103],{"class":102},[74,88660,107],{"class":106},[74,88662,122],{"class":88},[74,88664,57420],{"class":92},[74,88666,122],{"class":88},[74,88668,260],{"class":106},[74,88670,88671,88673,88675,88677,88680,88682,88684,88686],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,88672,103],{"class":102},[74,88674,107],{"class":106},[74,88676,122],{"class":88},[74,88678,88679],{"class":92},"Score:",[74,88681,122],{"class":88},[74,88683,249],{"class":106},[74,88685,5656],{"class":167},[74,88687,260],{"class":106},[74,88689,88690,88692,88694,88696,88698,88700,88702,88704,88706,88708],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,88691,103],{"class":102},[74,88693,107],{"class":106},[74,88695,122],{"class":88},[74,88697,45217],{"class":92},[74,88699,122],{"class":88},[74,88701,249],{"class":106},[74,88703,2100],{"class":167},[74,88705,2097],{"class":84},[74,88707,37299],{"class":167},[74,88709,260],{"class":106},[20,88711,157],{},[65,88713,88715],{"className":67,"code":88714,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"Apple\nScore: 10\nTotal: 10\n",[15,88716,88717,88721,88730],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,88718,88719],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,88720,84993],{"class":80},[74,88722,88723,88726,88728],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,88724,88725],{"class":80},"Score",[74,88727,679],{"class":106},[74,88729,2231],{"class":167},[74,88731,88732,88734,88736],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,88733,45257],{"class":80},[74,88735,679],{"class":106},[74,88737,2231],{"class":167},[20,88739,88740],{},"In Python 3, the parentheses are required.",[60,88742,88744],{"id":88743},"printing-different-kinds-of-values","Printing different kinds of values",[20,88746,88747,88748,114],{},"You can print several kinds of data with ",[15,88749,46106],{},[262,88751,88753],{"id":88752},"print-text","Print text",[20,88755,88756],{},"Text must be inside quotes.",[65,88758,88760],{"className":67,"code":88759,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"Python is fun\")\n",[15,88761,88762,88776],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,88763,88764,88766,88768,88770,88772,88774],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,88765,103],{"class":102},[74,88767,107],{"class":106},[74,88769,122],{"class":88},[74,88771,34524],{"class":92},[74,88773,122],{"class":88},[74,88775,260],{"class":106},[74,88777,88778,88780,88782,88784,88787,88789],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,88779,103],{"class":102},[74,88781,107],{"class":106},[74,88783,122],{"class":88},[74,88785,88786],{"class":92},"Python is fun",[74,88788,122],{"class":88},[74,88790,260],{"class":106},[262,88792,88794],{"id":88793},"print-numbers","Print numbers",[20,88796,88797],{},"Numbers do not use quotes.",[65,88799,88801],{"className":67,"code":88800,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(5)\nprint(3.14)\n",[15,88802,88803,88813],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,88804,88805,88807,88809,88811],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,88806,103],{"class":102},[74,88808,107],{"class":106},[74,88810,711],{"class":167},[74,88812,260],{"class":106},[74,88814,88815,88817,88819,88821],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,88816,103],{"class":102},[74,88818,107],{"class":106},[74,88820,39800],{"class":167},[74,88822,260],{"class":106},[262,88824,88826],{"id":88825},"print-variables","Print variables",[65,88828,88830],{"className":67,"code":88829,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"score = 99\nprint(score)\n",[15,88831,88832,88840],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,88833,88834,88836,88838],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,88835,4747],{"class":80},[74,88837,85],{"class":84},[74,88839,13788],{"class":167},[74,88841,88842,88844,88846,88848],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,88843,103],{"class":102},[74,88845,107],{"class":106},[74,88847,85157],{"class":110},[74,88849,260],{"class":106},[262,88851,88853],{"id":88852},"print-expressions","Print expressions",[65,88855,88857],{"className":67,"code":88856,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(2 + 3)\nprint(10 * 4)\n",[15,88858,88859,88873],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,88860,88861,88863,88865,88867,88869,88871],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,88862,103],{"class":102},[74,88864,107],{"class":106},[74,88866,687],{"class":167},[74,88868,2097],{"class":84},[74,88870,2094],{"class":167},[74,88872,260],{"class":106},[74,88874,88875,88877,88879,88881,88883,88885],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,88876,103],{"class":102},[74,88878,107],{"class":106},[74,88880,1972],{"class":167},[74,88882,82469],{"class":84},[74,88884,2100],{"class":167},[74,88886,260],{"class":106},[20,88888,88889,88890,114],{},"If you are not sure what counts as text, see ",[125,88891,50628],{"href":50627},[60,88893,88895],{"id":88894},"using-multiple-arguments","Using multiple arguments",[20,88897,88898,88900],{},[15,88899,46106],{}," can take more than one argument.",[20,88902,88903],{},"By default, Python places a space between them. This is often the easiest way to combine labels and variable values.",[65,88905,88907],{"className":67,"code":88906,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"name = \"Ava\"\nage = 10\n\nprint(\"Name:\", name)\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,88908,88909,88922,88930,88934,88953],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,88910,88911,88913,88915,88917,88920],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,88912,7533],{"class":80},[74,88914,85],{"class":84},[74,88916,89],{"class":88},[74,88918,88919],{"class":92},"Ava",[74,88921,96],{"class":88},[74,88923,88924,88926,88928],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,88925,21284],{"class":80},[74,88927,85],{"class":84},[74,88929,2231],{"class":167},[74,88931,88932],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,88933,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,88935,88936,88938,88940,88942,88945,88947,88949,88951],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,88937,103],{"class":102},[74,88939,107],{"class":106},[74,88941,122],{"class":88},[74,88943,88944],{"class":92},"Name:",[74,88946,122],{"class":88},[74,88948,249],{"class":106},[74,88950,35649],{"class":110},[74,88952,260],{"class":106},[74,88954,88955,88957,88959,88961,88964,88966,88968,88970],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,88956,103],{"class":102},[74,88958,107],{"class":106},[74,88960,122],{"class":88},[74,88962,88963],{"class":92},"Age:",[74,88965,122],{"class":88},[74,88967,249],{"class":106},[74,88969,8844],{"class":110},[74,88971,260],{"class":106},[20,88973,157],{},[65,88975,88977],{"className":67,"code":88976,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"Name: Ava\nAge: 10\n",[15,88978,88979,88989],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,88980,88981,88984,88986],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,88982,88983],{"class":80},"Name",[74,88985,679],{"class":106},[74,88987,88988],{"class":80}," Ava\n",[74,88990,88991,88994,88996],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,88992,88993],{"class":80},"Age",[74,88995,679],{"class":106},[74,88997,2231],{"class":167},[20,88999,89000,89001,114],{},"This is usually easier for beginners than joining values with ",[15,89002,1706],{},[20,89004,89005],{},"For example, this works:",[65,89007,89009],{"className":67,"code":89008,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,89010,89011,89019],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,89012,89013,89015,89017],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,89014,21284],{"class":80},[74,89016,85],{"class":84},[74,89018,2231],{"class":167},[74,89020,89021,89023,89025,89027,89029,89031,89033,89035],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,89022,103],{"class":102},[74,89024,107],{"class":106},[74,89026,122],{"class":88},[74,89028,88963],{"class":92},[74,89030,122],{"class":88},[74,89032,249],{"class":106},[74,89034,8844],{"class":110},[74,89036,260],{"class":106},[20,89038,36583],{},[65,89040,89042],{"className":67,"code":89041,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age: \" + age)\n",[15,89043,89044,89052],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,89045,89046,89048,89050],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,89047,21284],{"class":80},[74,89049,85],{"class":84},[74,89051,2231],{"class":167},[74,89053,89054,89056,89058,89060,89063,89065,89067,89069],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,89055,103],{"class":102},[74,89057,107],{"class":106},[74,89059,122],{"class":88},[74,89061,89062],{"class":92},"Age: ",[74,89064,122],{"class":88},[74,89066,2097],{"class":84},[74,89068,8844],{"class":110},[74,89070,260],{"class":106},[20,89072,89073,89074,89077,89078,89080,89081,89083,89084,114],{},"That fails because ",[15,89075,89076],{},"\"Age: \""," is a string and ",[15,89079,8955],{}," is an integer. If you want to combine them with ",[15,89082,1706],{},", you must first convert the number with ",[125,89085,89086],{"href":41830},[15,89087,47336],{},[60,89089,89091],{"id":89090},"important-optional-arguments","Important optional arguments",[20,89093,89094,89096],{},[15,89095,46106],{}," has a few optional arguments that are especially useful:",[30,89098,89099,89105,89110,89115],{},[33,89100,89101,89104],{},[15,89102,89103],{},"sep"," controls what goes between multiple values",[33,89106,89107,89109],{},[15,89108,54],{}," controls what is added after the output",[33,89111,89112,89114],{},[15,89113,86379],{}," sends output to a file-like object",[33,89116,89117,89120],{},[15,89118,89119],{},"flush"," forces output to appear immediately",[20,89122,89123,89124,51,89126,114],{},"The most important ones for beginners are ",[15,89125,89103],{},[15,89127,54],{},[60,89129,89131,36272],{"id":89130},"sep-argument",[15,89132,89103],{},[20,89134,1627,89135,89137],{},[15,89136,89103],{}," argument changes the separator between multiple printed values.",[20,89139,89140],{},"The default separator is a single space.",[262,89142,89144],{"id":89143},"default-behavior","Default behavior",[65,89146,89148],{"className":67,"code":89147,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n",[15,89149,89150],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,89151,89152,89154,89156,89158,89160,89162,89164,89166,89168,89170,89172,89174,89176,89178],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,89153,103],{"class":102},[74,89155,107],{"class":106},[74,89157,122],{"class":88},[74,89159,12749],{"class":92},[74,89161,122],{"class":88},[74,89163,249],{"class":106},[74,89165,89],{"class":88},[74,89167,17110],{"class":92},[74,89169,122],{"class":88},[74,89171,249],{"class":106},[74,89173,89],{"class":88},[74,89175,12766],{"class":92},[74,89177,122],{"class":88},[74,89179,260],{"class":106},[20,89181,157],{},[65,89183,89185],{"className":67,"code":89184,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"red green blue\n",[15,89186,89187],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,89188,89189],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,89190,89184],{"class":80},[262,89192,89194],{"id":89193},"custom-separator","Custom separator",[65,89196,89198],{"className":67,"code":89197,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\",\")\nprint(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\" - \")\n",[15,89199,89200,89243],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,89201,89202,89204,89206,89208,89210,89212,89214,89216,89218,89220,89222,89224,89226,89228,89230,89233,89235,89237,89239,89241],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,89203,103],{"class":102},[74,89205,107],{"class":106},[74,89207,122],{"class":88},[74,89209,12749],{"class":92},[74,89211,122],{"class":88},[74,89213,249],{"class":106},[74,89215,89],{"class":88},[74,89217,17110],{"class":92},[74,89219,122],{"class":88},[74,89221,249],{"class":106},[74,89223,89],{"class":88},[74,89225,12766],{"class":92},[74,89227,122],{"class":88},[74,89229,249],{"class":106},[74,89231,89232],{"class":8831}," sep",[74,89234,85],{"class":84},[74,89236,122],{"class":88},[74,89238,249],{"class":92},[74,89240,122],{"class":88},[74,89242,260],{"class":106},[74,89244,89245,89247,89249,89251,89253,89255,89257,89259,89261,89263,89265,89267,89269,89271,89273,89275,89277,89279,89282,89284],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,89246,103],{"class":102},[74,89248,107],{"class":106},[74,89250,122],{"class":88},[74,89252,12749],{"class":92},[74,89254,122],{"class":88},[74,89256,249],{"class":106},[74,89258,89],{"class":88},[74,89260,17110],{"class":92},[74,89262,122],{"class":88},[74,89264,249],{"class":106},[74,89266,89],{"class":88},[74,89268,12766],{"class":92},[74,89270,122],{"class":88},[74,89272,249],{"class":106},[74,89274,89232],{"class":8831},[74,89276,85],{"class":84},[74,89278,122],{"class":88},[74,89280,89281],{"class":92}," - ",[74,89283,122],{"class":88},[74,89285,260],{"class":106},[20,89287,157],{},[65,89289,89291],{"className":67,"code":89290,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"red,green,blue\nred - green - blue\n",[15,89292,89293,89305],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,89294,89295,89297,89299,89301,89303],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,89296,12749],{"class":80},[74,89298,249],{"class":106},[74,89300,17110],{"class":80},[74,89302,249],{"class":106},[74,89304,69622],{"class":80},[74,89306,89307,89310,89312,89315,89317],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,89308,89309],{"class":80},"red ",[74,89311,1669],{"class":84},[74,89313,89314],{"class":80}," green ",[74,89316,1669],{"class":84},[74,89318,35538],{"class":80},[20,89320,89321,89323],{},[15,89322,89103],{}," only matters when you print more than one argument.",[20,89325,89326,89327,114],{},"This is useful for simple formatting without building one long string yourself. If you want more control over formatting, see ",[125,89328,89330],{"href":89329},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-format-strings-in-python\u002F","how to format strings in Python",[60,89332,89334,36272],{"id":89333},"end-argument",[15,89335,54],{},[20,89337,89338,89339,89341,89342,89344],{},"By default, ",[15,89340,46106],{}," ends with a newline. That means the next ",[15,89343,46106],{}," starts on a new line.",[262,89346,89144],{"id":89347},"default-behavior-1",[65,89349,89351],{"className":67,"code":89350,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89352,89353,89367],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,89354,89355,89357,89359,89361,89363,89365],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,89356,103],{"class":102},[74,89358,107],{"class":106},[74,89360,122],{"class":88},[74,89362,34524],{"class":92},[74,89364,122],{"class":88},[74,89366,260],{"class":106},[74,89368,89369,89371,89373,89375,89378,89380],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,89370,103],{"class":102},[74,89372,107],{"class":106},[74,89374,122],{"class":88},[74,89376,89377],{"class":92},"World",[74,89379,122],{"class":88},[74,89381,260],{"class":106},[20,89383,157],{},[65,89385,89387],{"className":67,"code":89386,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"Hello\nWorld\n",[15,89388,89389,89393],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,89390,89391],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,89392,88586],{"class":80},[74,89394,89395],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,89396,89397],{"class":80},"World\n",[262,89399,89401],{"id":89400},"stay-on-the-same-line","Stay on the same line",[65,89403,89405],{"className":67,"code":89404,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89406,89407,89429],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,89408,89409,89411,89413,89415,89417,89419,89421,89423,89425,89427],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,89410,103],{"class":102},[74,89412,107],{"class":106},[74,89414,122],{"class":88},[74,89416,34524],{"class":92},[74,89418,122],{"class":88},[74,89420,249],{"class":106},[74,89422,257],{"class":8831},[74,89424,85],{"class":84},[74,89426,5924],{"class":88},[74,89428,260],{"class":106},[74,89430,89431,89433,89435,89437,89439,89441],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,89432,103],{"class":102},[74,89434,107],{"class":106},[74,89436,122],{"class":88},[74,89438,89377],{"class":92},[74,89440,122],{"class":88},[74,89442,260],{"class":106},[20,89444,157],{},[65,89446,89448],{"className":67,"code":89447,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"HelloWorld\n",[15,89449,89450],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,89451,89452],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,89453,89447],{"class":80},[262,89455,89457],{"id":89456},"add-a-custom-ending","Add a custom ending",[65,89459,89461],{"className":67,"code":89460,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"!\\n\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89462,89463,89492],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,89464,89465,89467,89469,89471,89473,89475,89477,89479,89481,89483,89486,89488,89490],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,89466,103],{"class":102},[74,89468,107],{"class":106},[74,89470,122],{"class":88},[74,89472,34524],{"class":92},[74,89474,122],{"class":88},[74,89476,249],{"class":106},[74,89478,257],{"class":8831},[74,89480,85],{"class":84},[74,89482,122],{"class":88},[74,89484,89485],{"class":92},"!",[74,89487,86790],{"class":34111},[74,89489,122],{"class":88},[74,89491,260],{"class":106},[74,89493,89494,89496,89498,89500,89502,89504],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,89495,103],{"class":102},[74,89497,107],{"class":106},[74,89499,122],{"class":88},[74,89501,89377],{"class":92},[74,89503,122],{"class":88},[74,89505,260],{"class":106},[20,89507,157],{},[65,89509,89511],{"className":67,"code":89510,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"Hello!\nWorld\n",[15,89512,89513,89518],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,89514,89515],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,89516,89517],{"class":80},"Hello!\n",[74,89519,89520],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,89521,89397],{"class":80},[20,89523,1627,89524,89526],{},[15,89525,54],{}," argument is useful for:",[30,89528,89529,89532,89535],{},[33,89530,89531],{},"progress messages",[33,89533,89534],{},"inline output",[33,89536,89537],{},"custom punctuation at the end of printed text",[60,89539,89541,2039,89543],{"id":89540},"print-returns-none",[15,89542,46106],{},[15,89544,3429],{},[20,89546,89547,89548,89550],{},"A common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,89549,46106],{}," to return the text it shows.",[20,89552,506],{},[65,89554,89556],{"className":67,"code":89555,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"result = print(\"Hi\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,89557,89558,89578],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,89559,89560,89562,89564,89567,89569,89571,89574,89576],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,89561,383],{"class":80},[74,89563,85],{"class":84},[74,89565,89566],{"class":102}," print",[74,89568,107],{"class":106},[74,89570,122],{"class":88},[74,89572,89573],{"class":92},"Hi",[74,89575,122],{"class":88},[74,89577,260],{"class":106},[74,89579,89580,89582,89584,89586],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,89581,103],{"class":102},[74,89583,107],{"class":106},[74,89585,418],{"class":110},[74,89587,260],{"class":106},[20,89589,157],{},[65,89591,89593],{"className":67,"code":89592,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"Hi\nNone\n",[15,89594,89595,89600],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,89596,89597],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,89598,89599],{"class":80},"Hi\n",[74,89601,89602],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,89603,11466],{"class":3504},[20,89605,89606],{},"Why does this happen?",[30,89608,89609,89617,89622],{},[33,89610,89611,89614,89615],{},[15,89612,89613],{},"print(\"Hi\")"," displays ",[15,89616,89573],{},[33,89618,89619,89620],{},"but the function itself returns ",[15,89621,3429],{},[33,89623,89624,89625,11578,89627],{},"so ",[15,89626,418],{},[15,89628,3429],{},[20,89630,89631,89632,89634],{},"If you need to keep a value, assign the value itself instead of the ",[15,89633,46106],{}," call.",[65,89636,89638],{"className":67,"code":89637,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"message = \"Hi\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,89639,89640,89653],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,89641,89642,89645,89647,89649,89651],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,89643,89644],{"class":80},"message ",[74,89646,85],{"class":84},[74,89648,89],{"class":88},[74,89650,89573],{"class":92},[74,89652,96],{"class":88},[74,89654,89655,89657,89659,89662],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,89656,103],{"class":102},[74,89658,107],{"class":106},[74,89660,89661],{"class":110},"message",[74,89663,260],{"class":106},[20,89665,89666,89667,89669,89670,89674],{},"This idea becomes clearer when you compare ",[15,89668,46106],{}," with functions like ",[125,89671,89672],{"href":7877},[15,89673,2601],{},", which do return a value.",[60,89676,89678,89679],{"id":89677},"when-beginners-use-print","When beginners use ",[15,89680,46106],{},[20,89682,89683,89684,89686],{},"Beginners use ",[15,89685,46106],{}," in many simple but important ways:",[30,89688,89689,89692,89695,89698],{},[33,89690,89691],{},"to display results to the user",[33,89693,89694],{},"to show messages in a script",[33,89696,89697],{},"to check variable values while debugging",[33,89699,89700],{},"to inspect loops and function behavior",[20,89702,506],{},[65,89704,89706],{"className":67,"code":89705,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"total = 0\n\nfor number in range(1, 4):\n    total += number\n    print(\"Current number:\", number, \"Total:\", total)\n",[15,89707,89708,89716,89720,89740,89751],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,89709,89710,89712,89714],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,89711,40839],{"class":80},[74,89713,85],{"class":84},[74,89715,38169],{"class":167},[74,89717,89718],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,89719,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,89721,89722,89724,89726,89728,89730,89732,89734,89736,89738],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,89723,5609],{"class":3529},[74,89725,6039],{"class":80},[74,89727,351],{"class":3529},[74,89729,53722],{"class":102},[74,89731,107],{"class":106},[74,89733,2632],{"class":167},[74,89735,249],{"class":106},[74,89737,2100],{"class":167},[74,89739,8000],{"class":106},[74,89741,89742,89745,89748],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,89743,89744],{"class":80},"    total ",[74,89746,89747],{"class":84},"+=",[74,89749,89750],{"class":80}," number\n",[74,89752,89753,89755,89757,89759,89762,89764,89766,89768,89770,89772,89774,89776,89778,89780],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,89754,7726],{"class":102},[74,89756,107],{"class":106},[74,89758,122],{"class":88},[74,89760,89761],{"class":92},"Current number:",[74,89763,122],{"class":88},[74,89765,249],{"class":106},[74,89767,1839],{"class":110},[74,89769,249],{"class":106},[74,89771,89],{"class":88},[74,89773,45217],{"class":92},[74,89775,122],{"class":88},[74,89777,249],{"class":106},[74,89779,45224],{"class":110},[74,89781,260],{"class":106},[20,89783,157],{},[65,89785,89787],{"className":67,"code":89786,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"Current number: 1 Total: 1\nCurrent number: 2 Total: 3\nCurrent number: 3 Total: 6\n",[15,89788,89789,89805,89819],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,89790,89791,89794,89796,89798,89801,89803],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,89792,89793],{"class":80},"Current number",[74,89795,679],{"class":106},[74,89797,5148],{"class":167},[74,89799,89800],{"class":80}," Total",[74,89802,679],{"class":106},[74,89804,29270],{"class":167},[74,89806,89807,89809,89811,89813,89815,89817],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,89808,89793],{"class":80},[74,89810,679],{"class":106},[74,89812,620],{"class":167},[74,89814,89800],{"class":80},[74,89816,679],{"class":106},[74,89818,2221],{"class":167},[74,89820,89821,89823,89825,89827,89829,89831],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,89822,89793],{"class":80},[74,89824,679],{"class":106},[74,89826,2094],{"class":167},[74,89828,89800],{"class":80},[74,89830,679],{"class":106},[74,89832,89833],{"class":167}," 6\n",[20,89835,89836,89837,114],{},"This kind of output is very helpful when you are trying to understand what your code is doing. For more debugging help, see ",[125,89838,89840],{"href":89839},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-debug-python-code-beginner-guide\u002F","how to debug Python code",[60,89842,914],{"id":913},[20,89844,89845,89846,114],{},"Here are some common beginner problems when using ",[15,89847,46106],{},[262,89849,89851],{"id":89850},"forgetting-quotes-around-text","Forgetting quotes around text",[20,89853,89854],{},"This causes Python to think the word is a variable name.",[65,89856,89858],{"className":67,"code":89857,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(Hello)\n",[15,89859,89860],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,89861,89862,89864,89866,89868],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,89863,103],{"class":102},[74,89865,107],{"class":106},[74,89867,34524],{"class":110},[74,89869,260],{"class":106},[20,89871,1318,89872,89874],{},[15,89873,34524],{}," is not defined, Python raises an error.",[20,89876,1080],{},[65,89878,89880],{"className":67,"code":89879,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,89881,89882],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,89883,89884,89886,89888,89890,89892,89894],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,89885,103],{"class":102},[74,89887,107],{"class":106},[74,89889,122],{"class":88},[74,89891,34524],{"class":92},[74,89893,122],{"class":88},[74,89895,260],{"class":106},[262,89897,571,89899,89901],{"id":89898},"using-print-without-parentheses-in-python-3",[15,89900,103],{}," without parentheses in Python 3",[20,89903,89904],{},"This is incorrect in Python 3:",[65,89906,89908],{"className":67,"code":89907,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print \"Hello\"\n",[15,89909,89910],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,89911,89912,89914,89916,89918],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,89913,103],{"class":102},[74,89915,89],{"class":88},[74,89917,34524],{"class":92},[74,89919,96],{"class":88},[20,89921,1080],{},[65,89923,89924],{"className":67,"code":89879,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,89925,89926],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,89927,89928,89930,89932,89934,89936,89938],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,89929,103],{"class":102},[74,89931,107],{"class":106},[74,89933,122],{"class":88},[74,89935,34524],{"class":92},[74,89937,122],{"class":88},[74,89939,260],{"class":106},[262,89941,89943,89944],{"id":89942},"trying-to-join-strings-and-numbers-with","Trying to join strings and numbers with ",[15,89945,1706],{},[20,89947,89948,89949,114],{},"This causes a ",[15,89950,2649],{},[65,89952,89953],{"className":67,"code":89041,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,89954,89955,89963],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,89956,89957,89959,89961],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,89958,21284],{"class":80},[74,89960,85],{"class":84},[74,89962,2231],{"class":167},[74,89964,89965,89967,89969,89971,89973,89975,89977,89979],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,89966,103],{"class":102},[74,89968,107],{"class":106},[74,89970,122],{"class":88},[74,89972,89062],{"class":92},[74,89974,122],{"class":88},[74,89976,2097],{"class":84},[74,89978,8844],{"class":110},[74,89980,260],{"class":106},[20,89982,89983],{},"Fix it by using multiple arguments:",[65,89985,89987],{"className":67,"code":89986,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,89988,89989],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,89990,89991,89993,89995,89997,89999,90001,90003,90005],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,89992,103],{"class":102},[74,89994,107],{"class":106},[74,89996,122],{"class":88},[74,89998,88963],{"class":92},[74,90000,122],{"class":88},[74,90002,249],{"class":106},[74,90004,8844],{"class":110},[74,90006,260],{"class":106},[20,90008,90009],{},"Or convert the number first:",[65,90011,90013],{"className":67,"code":90012,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(\"Age: \" + str(age))\n",[15,90014,90015],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,90016,90017,90019,90021,90023,90025,90027,90029,90031,90033,90035],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,90018,103],{"class":102},[74,90020,107],{"class":106},[74,90022,122],{"class":88},[74,90024,89062],{"class":92},[74,90026,122],{"class":88},[74,90028,2097],{"class":84},[74,90030,48556],{"class":1345},[74,90032,107],{"class":106},[74,90034,8955],{"class":110},[74,90036,130],{"class":106},[20,90038,90039,90040,114],{},"If you see this error, read ",[125,90041,90043],{"href":90042},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-can-only-concatenate-str-not-int-to-str-fix\u002F","TypeError: can only concatenate str not int to str",[262,90045,923,90047,90049],{"id":90046},"expecting-print-to-return-a-value",[15,90048,46106],{}," to return a value",[20,90051,90052,90053,34987,90055,679],{},"This does not store ",[15,90054,794],{},[15,90056,418],{},[65,90058,90060],{"className":67,"code":90059,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"result = print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,90061,90062],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,90063,90064,90066,90068,90070,90072,90074,90076,90078],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,90065,383],{"class":80},[74,90067,85],{"class":84},[74,90069,89566],{"class":102},[74,90071,107],{"class":106},[74,90073,122],{"class":88},[74,90075,34524],{"class":92},[74,90077,122],{"class":88},[74,90079,260],{"class":106},[20,90081,90082,90083,114],{},"It stores ",[15,90084,3429],{},[262,90086,90088,90089,51,90091],{"id":90087},"misunderstanding-sep-and-end","Misunderstanding ",[15,90090,89103],{},[15,90092,54],{},[20,90094,85449],{},[30,90096,90097,90106],{},[33,90098,90099,90101,90102,90105],{},[15,90100,89103],{}," changes what goes ",[332,90103,90104],{},"between"," multiple values",[33,90107,90108,90110,90111,90114],{},[15,90109,54],{}," changes what appears ",[332,90112,90113],{},"after"," the output",[60,90116,90118],{"id":90117},"useful-debugging-commands","Useful debugging commands",[20,90120,90121,90122,90124],{},"These simple ",[15,90123,46106],{}," examples can help you inspect your code:",[65,90126,90128],{"className":67,"code":90127,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)\nprint(type(variable_name))\nhelp(print)\n",[15,90129,90130,90150,90165],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,90131,90132,90134,90136,90138,90141,90143,90145,90148],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,90133,103],{"class":102},[74,90135,107],{"class":106},[74,90137,122],{"class":88},[74,90139,90140],{"class":92},"Debug:",[74,90142,122],{"class":88},[74,90144,249],{"class":106},[74,90146,90147],{"class":110}," variable_name",[74,90149,260],{"class":106},[74,90151,90152,90154,90156,90158,90160,90163],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,90153,103],{"class":102},[74,90155,107],{"class":106},[74,90157,1346],{"class":1345},[74,90159,107],{"class":106},[74,90161,90162],{"class":110},"variable_name",[74,90164,130],{"class":106},[74,90166,90167,90169,90171,90173],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,90168,31809],{"class":102},[74,90170,107],{"class":106},[74,90172,103],{"class":102},[74,90174,260],{"class":106},[20,90176,90177],{},"What they do:",[30,90179,90180,90186,90192],{},[33,90181,90182,90185],{},[15,90183,90184],{},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)"," shows the current value",[33,90187,90188,90191],{},[15,90189,90190],{},"print(type(variable_name))"," shows the value's type",[33,90193,90194,90197,90198],{},[15,90195,90196],{},"help(print)"," shows Python's built-in help for ",[15,90199,46106],{},[60,90201,1471],{"id":1470},[262,90203,1517,90205,90207],{"id":90204},"does-print-add-a-new-line-automatically",[15,90206,46106],{}," add a new line automatically?",[20,90209,90210,90211,90213,90214,36278],{},"Yes. By default, ",[15,90212,46106],{}," ends with a newline. You can change this with the ",[15,90215,54],{},[262,90217,1507,90219,90221],{"id":90218},"can-print-show-more-than-one-value",[15,90220,46106],{}," show more than one value?",[20,90223,90224,90225,90227],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple arguments, and ",[15,90226,46106],{}," separates them with a space by default.",[262,90229,4808,90231,335,90234,2135],{"id":90230},"why-does-printhello-return-none",[15,90232,90233],{},"print(\"Hello\")",[15,90235,3429],{},[20,90237,28716,90238,90240],{},[15,90239,46106],{}," is used for displaying output, not for returning data.",[262,90242,90244],{"id":90243},"how-do-i-print-text-and-a-number-together","How do I print text and a number together?",[20,90246,90247],{},"Use multiple arguments:",[65,90249,90251],{"className":67,"code":90250,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(\"Age:\", 10)\n",[15,90252,90253],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,90254,90255,90257,90259,90261,90263,90265,90267,90269],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,90256,103],{"class":102},[74,90258,107],{"class":106},[74,90260,122],{"class":88},[74,90262,88963],{"class":92},[74,90264,122],{"class":88},[74,90266,249],{"class":106},[74,90268,5656],{"class":167},[74,90270,260],{"class":106},[20,90272,90273,90274,39586],{},"You can also convert the number with ",[15,90275,47336],{},[262,90277,4828,90279,51,90281,2135],{"id":90278},"what-is-the-difference-between-sep-and-end",[15,90280,89103],{},[15,90282,54],{},[30,90284,90285,90290],{},[33,90286,90287,90289],{},[15,90288,89103],{}," changes the separator between multiple values",[33,90291,90292,90294],{},[15,90293,54],{}," changes what appears after the output",[60,90296,1527],{"id":1526},[30,90298,90299,90303,90309,90315,90320,90325],{},[33,90300,90301],{},[125,90302,50628],{"href":50627},[33,90304,90305],{},[125,90306,3223,90307,3156],{"href":7877},[15,90308,2601],{},[33,90310,90311],{},[125,90312,3223,90313,3156],{"href":41830},[15,90314,47336],{},[33,90316,90317],{},[125,90318,90319],{"href":89329},"How to format strings in Python",[33,90321,90322],{},[125,90323,90324],{"href":89839},"How to debug Python code",[33,90326,90327],{},[125,90328,90043],{"href":90042},[1566,90330,90331],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":70,"searchDepth":99,"depth":99,"links":90333},[90334,90335,90337,90338,90344,90345,90346,90351,90357,90359,90361,90372,90373,90384],{"id":62,"depth":99,"text":63},{"id":88507,"depth":99,"text":90336},"What print() does",{"id":226,"depth":99,"text":227},{"id":88743,"depth":99,"text":88744,"children":90339},[90340,90341,90342,90343],{"id":88752,"depth":133,"text":88753},{"id":88793,"depth":133,"text":88794},{"id":88825,"depth":133,"text":88826},{"id":88852,"depth":133,"text":88853},{"id":88894,"depth":99,"text":88895},{"id":89090,"depth":99,"text":89091},{"id":89130,"depth":99,"text":90347,"children":90348},"sep argument",[90349,90350],{"id":89143,"depth":133,"text":89144},{"id":89193,"depth":133,"text":89194},{"id":89333,"depth":99,"text":90352,"children":90353},"end argument",[90354,90355,90356],{"id":89347,"depth":133,"text":89144},{"id":89400,"depth":133,"text":89401},{"id":89456,"depth":133,"text":89457},{"id":89540,"depth":99,"text":90358},"print() returns None",{"id":89677,"depth":99,"text":90360},"When beginners use print()",{"id":913,"depth":99,"text":914,"children":90362},[90363,90364,90366,90368,90370],{"id":89850,"depth":133,"text":89851},{"id":89898,"depth":133,"text":90365},"Using print without parentheses in Python 3",{"id":89942,"depth":133,"text":90367},"Trying to join strings and numbers with +",{"id":90046,"depth":133,"text":90369},"Expecting print() to return a value",{"id":90087,"depth":133,"text":90371},"Misunderstanding sep and end",{"id":90117,"depth":99,"text":90118},{"id":1470,"depth":99,"text":1471,"children":90374},[90375,90377,90379,90381,90382],{"id":90204,"depth":133,"text":90376},"Does print() add a new line automatically?",{"id":90218,"depth":133,"text":90378},"Can print() show more than one value?",{"id":90230,"depth":133,"text":90380},"Why does print(\"Hello\") return None?",{"id":90243,"depth":133,"text":90244},{"id":90278,"depth":133,"text":90383},"What is the difference between sep and end?",{"id":1526,"depth":99,"text":1527},"Master python print function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained",{"title":88390,"description":90385},"reference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained","ahZWQtbTzoCwOmu5w2Uese6Ncgk-ftfLLIvMyuu3nQc",{"id":90392,"title":90393,"body":90394,"description":92698,"extension":1610,"meta":92699,"navigation":407,"path":92700,"seo":92701,"stem":92702,"__hash__":92703},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained.md","Python range() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":90395,"toc":92644},[90396,90401,90406,90419,90421,90486,90497,90502,90507,90509,90532,90535,90566,90568,90585,90590,90596,90601,90650,90653,90670,90676,90681,90704,90706,90734,90740,90748,90775,90777,90802,90808,90811,90842,90844,90873,90877,90880,90885,90907,90909,90937,90943,90949,90975,90977,91001,91007,91013,91043,91045,91073,91083,91087,91093,91126,91128,91157,91160,91163,91196,91198,91206,91212,91214,91237,91242,91251,91256,91270,91272,91312,91314,91344,91348,91383,91389,91393,91437,91439,91469,91475,91478,91557,91559,91581,91589,91592,91655,91663,91738,91744,91751,91756,91761,91784,91786,91807,91809,91822,91824,91871,91873,91912,91921,91923,91927,91931,91934,91961,91964,91993,91996,92020,92023,92031,92037,92059,92061,92089,92093,92098,92153,92158,92160,92217,92224,92233,92236,92268,92270,92278,92281,92287,92289,92312,92315,92321,92324,92343,92345,92364,92367,92389,92391,92419,92423,92427,92532,92534,92547,92549,92555,92558,92566,92571,92577,92583,92588,92596,92602,92609,92611,92641],[10,90397,3223,90399,3227],{"id":90398},"python-range-function-explained",[15,90400,35854],{},[20,90402,31974,90403,90405],{},[15,90404,35854],{}," function creates a sequence of numbers.",[20,90407,90408,90409,90411,90412,90414,90415,90418],{},"Beginners usually use it in ",[15,90410,5609],{}," loops to repeat something a certain number of times or to work with number patterns. A very important detail is that ",[15,90413,35854],{}," stops ",[332,90416,90417],{},"before"," the end value.",[60,90420,63],{"id":62},[65,90422,90424],{"className":67,"code":90423,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n\n# Output:\n# 0\n# 1\n# 2\n# 3\n# 4\n",[15,90425,90426,90442,90452,90456,90461,90466,90471,90476,90481],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,90427,90428,90430,90432,90434,90436,90438,90440],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,90429,5609],{"class":3529},[74,90431,69189],{"class":80},[74,90433,351],{"class":3529},[74,90435,53722],{"class":102},[74,90437,107],{"class":106},[74,90439,711],{"class":167},[74,90441,8000],{"class":106},[74,90443,90444,90446,90448,90450],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,90445,7726],{"class":102},[74,90447,107],{"class":106},[74,90449,35810],{"class":110},[74,90451,260],{"class":106},[74,90453,90454],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,90455,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,90457,90458],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,90459,90460],{"class":3314},"# Output:\n",[74,90462,90463],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,90464,90465],{"class":3314},"# 0\n",[74,90467,90468],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,90469,90470],{"class":3314},"# 1\n",[74,90472,90473],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,90474,90475],{"class":3314},"# 2\n",[74,90477,90478],{"class":76,"line":6079},[74,90479,90480],{"class":3314},"# 3\n",[74,90482,90483],{"class":76,"line":6085},[74,90484,90485],{"class":3314},"# 4\n",[20,90487,90488,90491,90492,90494,90495,114],{},[15,90489,90490],{},"range(5)"," creates numbers starting at ",[15,90493,327],{}," and stopping before ",[15,90496,711],{},[60,90498,3328,90500,38],{"id":90499},"what-range-does",[15,90501,35854],{},[20,90503,90504,90506],{},[15,90505,35854],{}," is used to generate numbers in order.",[20,90508,195],{},[30,90510,90511,90516,90522,90527],{},[33,90512,90513,90515],{},[15,90514,35854],{}," creates a sequence of numbers",[33,90517,90518,90519,90521],{},"It is commonly used with ",[15,90520,5609],{}," loops",[33,90523,90524,90525],{},"The stop value is ",[332,90526,64713],{},[33,90528,17076,90529,90531],{},[15,90530,59646],{}," object, not a regular list",[20,90533,90534],{},"You will often see it with a loop like this:",[65,90536,90538],{"className":67,"code":90537,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"for number in range(3):\n    print(number)\n",[15,90539,90540,90556],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,90541,90542,90544,90546,90548,90550,90552,90554],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,90543,5609],{"class":3529},[74,90545,6039],{"class":80},[74,90547,351],{"class":3529},[74,90549,53722],{"class":102},[74,90551,107],{"class":106},[74,90553,321],{"class":167},[74,90555,8000],{"class":106},[74,90557,90558,90560,90562,90564],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,90559,7726],{"class":102},[74,90561,107],{"class":106},[74,90563,1881],{"class":110},[74,90565,260],{"class":106},[20,90567,157],{},[65,90569,90571],{"className":67,"code":90570,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"0\n1\n2\n",[15,90572,90573,90577,90581],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,90574,90575],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,90576,46904],{"class":167},[74,90578,90579],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,90580,669],{"class":167},[74,90582,90583],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,90584,173],{"class":167},[20,90586,90587,90588,114],{},"If you are still learning loops, see ",[125,90589,35686],{"href":35685},[60,90591,90593,90595],{"id":90592},"range-syntax",[15,90594,35854],{}," syntax",[20,90597,90598,90600],{},[15,90599,35854],{}," has three common forms:",[65,90602,90604],{"className":67,"code":90603,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"range(stop)\nrange(start, stop)\nrange(start, stop, step)\n",[15,90605,90606,90616,90631],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,90607,90608,90610,90612,90614],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,90609,59646],{"class":102},[74,90611,107],{"class":106},[74,90613,75065],{"class":110},[74,90615,260],{"class":106},[74,90617,90618,90620,90622,90624,90626,90629],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,90619,59646],{"class":102},[74,90621,107],{"class":106},[74,90623,50],{"class":110},[74,90625,249],{"class":106},[74,90627,90628],{"class":110}," stop",[74,90630,260],{"class":106},[74,90632,90633,90635,90637,90639,90641,90643,90645,90648],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,90634,59646],{"class":102},[74,90636,107],{"class":106},[74,90638,50],{"class":110},[74,90640,249],{"class":106},[74,90642,90628],{"class":110},[74,90644,249],{"class":106},[74,90646,90647],{"class":110}," step",[74,90649,260],{"class":106},[20,90651,90652],{},"Meaning of each argument:",[30,90654,90655,90660,90665],{},[33,90656,90657,90659],{},[15,90658,50],{}," = first number",[33,90661,90662,90664],{},[15,90663,75065],{}," = end limit, not included",[33,90666,90667,90669],{},[15,90668,75068],{}," = amount to move each time",[262,90671,90673],{"id":90672},"rangestop",[15,90674,90675],{},"range(stop)",[20,90677,90678,90679,114],{},"When you give one value, Python treats it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,90680,327],{},[65,90682,90684],{"className":67,"code":90683,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(list(range(5)))\n",[15,90685,90686],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,90687,90688,90690,90692,90694,90696,90698,90700,90702],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,90689,103],{"class":102},[74,90691,107],{"class":106},[74,90693,7751],{"class":1345},[74,90695,107],{"class":106},[74,90697,59646],{"class":102},[74,90699,107],{"class":106},[74,90701,711],{"class":167},[74,90703,2555],{"class":106},[20,90705,157],{},[65,90707,90708],{"className":67,"code":59669,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,90709,90710],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,90711,90712,90714,90716,90718,90720,90722,90724,90726,90728,90730,90732],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,90713,742],{"class":106},[74,90715,327],{"class":167},[74,90717,249],{"class":106},[74,90719,5148],{"class":167},[74,90721,249],{"class":106},[74,90723,620],{"class":167},[74,90725,249],{"class":106},[74,90727,2094],{"class":167},[74,90729,249],{"class":106},[74,90731,2100],{"class":167},[74,90733,3284],{"class":106},[262,90735,90737],{"id":90736},"rangestart-stop",[15,90738,90739],{},"range(start, stop)",[20,90741,90742,90743,90745,90746,114],{},"This starts at ",[15,90744,50],{}," and stops before ",[15,90747,75065],{},[65,90749,90751],{"className":67,"code":90750,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(list(range(2, 6)))\n",[15,90752,90753],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,90754,90755,90757,90759,90761,90763,90765,90767,90769,90771,90773],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,90756,103],{"class":102},[74,90758,107],{"class":106},[74,90760,7751],{"class":1345},[74,90762,107],{"class":106},[74,90764,59646],{"class":102},[74,90766,107],{"class":106},[74,90768,687],{"class":167},[74,90770,249],{"class":106},[74,90772,37299],{"class":167},[74,90774,2555],{"class":106},[20,90776,157],{},[65,90778,90780],{"className":67,"code":90779,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"[2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,90781,90782],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,90783,90784,90786,90788,90790,90792,90794,90796,90798,90800],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,90785,742],{"class":106},[74,90787,687],{"class":167},[74,90789,249],{"class":106},[74,90791,2094],{"class":167},[74,90793,249],{"class":106},[74,90795,2100],{"class":167},[74,90797,249],{"class":106},[74,90799,651],{"class":167},[74,90801,3284],{"class":106},[262,90803,90805],{"id":90804},"rangestart-stop-step",[15,90806,90807],{},"range(start, stop, step)",[20,90809,90810],{},"This also lets you control how much the value changes each time.",[65,90812,90814],{"className":67,"code":90813,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(list(range(1, 10, 2)))\n",[15,90815,90816],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,90817,90818,90820,90822,90824,90826,90828,90830,90832,90834,90836,90838,90840],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,90819,103],{"class":102},[74,90821,107],{"class":106},[74,90823,7751],{"class":1345},[74,90825,107],{"class":106},[74,90827,59646],{"class":102},[74,90829,107],{"class":106},[74,90831,2632],{"class":167},[74,90833,249],{"class":106},[74,90835,5656],{"class":167},[74,90837,249],{"class":106},[74,90839,620],{"class":167},[74,90841,2555],{"class":106},[20,90843,157],{},[65,90845,90847],{"className":67,"code":90846,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]\n",[15,90848,90849],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,90850,90851,90853,90855,90857,90859,90861,90863,90865,90867,90869,90871],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,90852,742],{"class":106},[74,90854,2632],{"class":167},[74,90856,249],{"class":106},[74,90858,2094],{"class":167},[74,90860,249],{"class":106},[74,90862,651],{"class":167},[74,90864,249],{"class":106},[74,90866,5645],{"class":167},[74,90868,249],{"class":106},[74,90870,53788],{"class":167},[74,90872,3284],{"class":106},[60,90874,90876],{"id":90875},"how-the-arguments-work","How the arguments work",[20,90878,90879],{},"Here are the most common patterns beginners use.",[262,90881,90883],{"id":90882},"range5",[15,90884,90490],{},[65,90886,90887],{"className":67,"code":90683,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,90888,90889],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,90890,90891,90893,90895,90897,90899,90901,90903,90905],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,90892,103],{"class":102},[74,90894,107],{"class":106},[74,90896,7751],{"class":1345},[74,90898,107],{"class":106},[74,90900,59646],{"class":102},[74,90902,107],{"class":106},[74,90904,711],{"class":167},[74,90906,2555],{"class":106},[20,90908,157],{},[65,90910,90911],{"className":67,"code":59669,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,90912,90913],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,90914,90915,90917,90919,90921,90923,90925,90927,90929,90931,90933,90935],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,90916,742],{"class":106},[74,90918,327],{"class":167},[74,90920,249],{"class":106},[74,90922,5148],{"class":167},[74,90924,249],{"class":106},[74,90926,620],{"class":167},[74,90928,249],{"class":106},[74,90930,2094],{"class":167},[74,90932,249],{"class":106},[74,90934,2100],{"class":167},[74,90936,3284],{"class":106},[20,90938,90742,90939,90745,90941,114],{},[15,90940,327],{},[15,90942,711],{},[262,90944,90946],{"id":90945},"range2-6",[15,90947,90948],{},"range(2, 6)",[65,90950,90951],{"className":67,"code":90750,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,90952,90953],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,90954,90955,90957,90959,90961,90963,90965,90967,90969,90971,90973],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,90956,103],{"class":102},[74,90958,107],{"class":106},[74,90960,7751],{"class":1345},[74,90962,107],{"class":106},[74,90964,59646],{"class":102},[74,90966,107],{"class":106},[74,90968,687],{"class":167},[74,90970,249],{"class":106},[74,90972,37299],{"class":167},[74,90974,2555],{"class":106},[20,90976,157],{},[65,90978,90979],{"className":67,"code":90779,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,90980,90981],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,90982,90983,90985,90987,90989,90991,90993,90995,90997,90999],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,90984,742],{"class":106},[74,90986,687],{"class":167},[74,90988,249],{"class":106},[74,90990,2094],{"class":167},[74,90992,249],{"class":106},[74,90994,2100],{"class":167},[74,90996,249],{"class":106},[74,90998,651],{"class":167},[74,91000,3284],{"class":106},[20,91002,90742,91003,90745,91005,114],{},[15,91004,687],{},[15,91006,80231],{},[262,91008,91010],{"id":91009},"range1-10-2",[15,91011,91012],{},"range(1, 10, 2)",[65,91014,91015],{"className":67,"code":90813,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,91016,91017],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,91018,91019,91021,91023,91025,91027,91029,91031,91033,91035,91037,91039,91041],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,91020,103],{"class":102},[74,91022,107],{"class":106},[74,91024,7751],{"class":1345},[74,91026,107],{"class":106},[74,91028,59646],{"class":102},[74,91030,107],{"class":106},[74,91032,2632],{"class":167},[74,91034,249],{"class":106},[74,91036,5656],{"class":167},[74,91038,249],{"class":106},[74,91040,620],{"class":167},[74,91042,2555],{"class":106},[20,91044,157],{},[65,91046,91047],{"className":67,"code":90846,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,91048,91049],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,91050,91051,91053,91055,91057,91059,91061,91063,91065,91067,91069,91071],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,91052,742],{"class":106},[74,91054,2632],{"class":167},[74,91056,249],{"class":106},[74,91058,2094],{"class":167},[74,91060,249],{"class":106},[74,91062,651],{"class":167},[74,91064,249],{"class":106},[74,91066,5645],{"class":167},[74,91068,249],{"class":106},[74,91070,53788],{"class":167},[74,91072,3284],{"class":106},[20,91074,91075,91076,91078,91079,60948,91081,114],{},"This moves by ",[15,91077,687],{}," each time, so it gives odd numbers from ",[15,91080,2632],{},[15,91082,1787],{},[262,91084,91086],{"id":91085},"using-a-negative-step","Using a negative step",[20,91088,91089,91090,91092],{},"A negative step makes ",[15,91091,35854],{}," count backward.",[65,91094,91096],{"className":67,"code":91095,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(list(range(5, 0, -1)))\n",[15,91097,91098],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,91099,91100,91102,91104,91106,91108,91110,91112,91114,91116,91118,91120,91122,91124],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,91101,103],{"class":102},[74,91103,107],{"class":106},[74,91105,7751],{"class":1345},[74,91107,107],{"class":106},[74,91109,59646],{"class":102},[74,91111,107],{"class":106},[74,91113,711],{"class":167},[74,91115,249],{"class":106},[74,91117,3485],{"class":167},[74,91119,249],{"class":106},[74,91121,1864],{"class":84},[74,91123,2632],{"class":167},[74,91125,2555],{"class":106},[20,91127,157],{},[65,91129,91131],{"className":67,"code":91130,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]\n",[15,91132,91133],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,91134,91135,91137,91139,91141,91143,91145,91147,91149,91151,91153,91155],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,91136,742],{"class":106},[74,91138,711],{"class":167},[74,91140,249],{"class":106},[74,91142,2100],{"class":167},[74,91144,249],{"class":106},[74,91146,2094],{"class":167},[74,91148,249],{"class":106},[74,91150,620],{"class":167},[74,91152,249],{"class":106},[74,91154,5148],{"class":167},[74,91156,3284],{"class":106},[20,91158,91159],{},"This works because the numbers move downward.",[20,91161,91162],{},"If the direction does not match the step, you may get an empty result:",[65,91164,91166],{"className":67,"code":91165,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(list(range(1, 5, -1)))\n",[15,91167,91168],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,91169,91170,91172,91174,91176,91178,91180,91182,91184,91186,91188,91190,91192,91194],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,91171,103],{"class":102},[74,91173,107],{"class":106},[74,91175,7751],{"class":1345},[74,91177,107],{"class":106},[74,91179,59646],{"class":102},[74,91181,107],{"class":106},[74,91183,2632],{"class":167},[74,91185,249],{"class":106},[74,91187,651],{"class":167},[74,91189,249],{"class":106},[74,91191,1864],{"class":84},[74,91193,2632],{"class":167},[74,91195,2555],{"class":106},[20,91197,157],{},[65,91199,91200],{"className":67,"code":37953,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,91201,91202],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,91203,91204],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,91205,37953],{"class":106},[262,91207,91208,76226,91210],{"id":76450},[15,91209,75068],{},[15,91211,327],{},[20,91213,2480],{},[65,91215,91217],{"className":67,"code":91216,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"range(1, 5, 0)\n",[15,91218,91219],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,91220,91221,91223,91225,91227,91229,91231,91233,91235],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,91222,59646],{"class":102},[74,91224,107],{"class":106},[74,91226,2632],{"class":167},[74,91228,249],{"class":106},[74,91230,651],{"class":167},[74,91232,249],{"class":106},[74,91234,3485],{"class":167},[74,91236,260],{"class":106},[20,91238,76495,91239,91241],{},[15,91240,40361],{}," because it cannot move by zero.",[60,91243,571,91245,91247,91248,91250],{"id":91244},"using-range-in-a-for-loop",[15,91246,35854],{}," in a ",[15,91249,5609],{}," loop",[20,91252,91253,91255],{},[15,91254,35854],{}," is most useful when:",[30,91257,91258,91261,91264],{},[33,91259,91260],{},"You want to repeat something a set number of times",[33,91262,91263],{},"You need the current number in each loop",[33,91265,91266,91267],{},"You are using the common pattern ",[15,91268,91269],{},"for i in range(n)",[20,91271,506],{},[65,91273,91275],{"className":67,"code":91274,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"for i in range(3):\n    print(\"Loop number:\", i)\n",[15,91276,91277,91293],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,91278,91279,91281,91283,91285,91287,91289,91291],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,91280,5609],{"class":3529},[74,91282,69189],{"class":80},[74,91284,351],{"class":3529},[74,91286,53722],{"class":102},[74,91288,107],{"class":106},[74,91290,321],{"class":167},[74,91292,8000],{"class":106},[74,91294,91295,91297,91299,91301,91304,91306,91308,91310],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,91296,7726],{"class":102},[74,91298,107],{"class":106},[74,91300,122],{"class":88},[74,91302,91303],{"class":92},"Loop number:",[74,91305,122],{"class":88},[74,91307,249],{"class":106},[74,91309,35785],{"class":110},[74,91311,260],{"class":106},[20,91313,157],{},[65,91315,91317],{"className":67,"code":91316,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"Loop number: 0\nLoop number: 1\nLoop number: 2\n",[15,91318,91319,91328,91336],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,91320,91321,91324,91326],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,91322,91323],{"class":80},"Loop number",[74,91325,679],{"class":106},[74,91327,38169],{"class":167},[74,91329,91330,91332,91334],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,91331,91323],{"class":80},[74,91333,679],{"class":106},[74,91335,29270],{"class":167},[74,91337,91338,91340,91342],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,91339,91323],{"class":80},[74,91341,679],{"class":106},[74,91343,45243],{"class":167},[262,91345,91347],{"id":91346},"repeating-something-a-fixed-number-of-times","Repeating something a fixed number of times",[65,91349,91351],{"className":67,"code":91350,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"for i in range(5):\n    print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,91352,91353,91369],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,91354,91355,91357,91359,91361,91363,91365,91367],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,91356,5609],{"class":3529},[74,91358,69189],{"class":80},[74,91360,351],{"class":3529},[74,91362,53722],{"class":102},[74,91364,107],{"class":106},[74,91366,711],{"class":167},[74,91368,8000],{"class":106},[74,91370,91371,91373,91375,91377,91379,91381],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,91372,7726],{"class":102},[74,91374,107],{"class":106},[74,91376,122],{"class":88},[74,91378,34524],{"class":92},[74,91380,122],{"class":88},[74,91382,260],{"class":106},[20,91384,91385,91386,91388],{},"This prints ",[15,91387,794],{}," five times.",[262,91390,91392],{"id":91391},"using-the-current-number","Using the current number",[65,91394,91396],{"className":67,"code":91395,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"for i in range(1, 4):\n    print(\"Current number is\", i)\n",[15,91397,91398,91418],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,91399,91400,91402,91404,91406,91408,91410,91412,91414,91416],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,91401,5609],{"class":3529},[74,91403,69189],{"class":80},[74,91405,351],{"class":3529},[74,91407,53722],{"class":102},[74,91409,107],{"class":106},[74,91411,2632],{"class":167},[74,91413,249],{"class":106},[74,91415,2100],{"class":167},[74,91417,8000],{"class":106},[74,91419,91420,91422,91424,91426,91429,91431,91433,91435],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,91421,7726],{"class":102},[74,91423,107],{"class":106},[74,91425,122],{"class":88},[74,91427,91428],{"class":92},"Current number is",[74,91430,122],{"class":88},[74,91432,249],{"class":106},[74,91434,35785],{"class":110},[74,91436,260],{"class":106},[20,91438,157],{},[65,91440,91442],{"className":67,"code":91441,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"Current number is 1\nCurrent number is 2\nCurrent number is 3\n",[15,91443,91444,91453,91461],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,91445,91446,91449,91451],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,91447,91448],{"class":80},"Current number ",[74,91450,11852],{"class":84},[74,91452,29270],{"class":167},[74,91454,91455,91457,91459],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,91456,91448],{"class":80},[74,91458,11852],{"class":84},[74,91460,45243],{"class":167},[74,91462,91463,91465,91467],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,91464,91448],{"class":80},[74,91466,11852],{"class":84},[74,91468,2221],{"class":167},[262,91470,91472,91474],{"id":91471},"range-and-indexing",[15,91473,35854],{}," and indexing",[20,91476,91477],{},"You may see code like this:",[65,91479,91481],{"className":67,"code":91480,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(items)):\n    print(i, items[i])\n",[15,91482,91483,91515,91519,91539],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,91484,91485,91487,91489,91491,91493,91495,91497,91499,91501,91503,91505,91507,91509,91511,91513],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,91486,7435],{"class":80},[74,91488,85],{"class":84},[74,91490,3271],{"class":106},[74,91492,122],{"class":88},[74,91494,125],{"class":92},[74,91496,122],{"class":88},[74,91498,249],{"class":106},[74,91500,89],{"class":88},[74,91502,4412],{"class":92},[74,91504,122],{"class":88},[74,91506,249],{"class":106},[74,91508,89],{"class":88},[74,91510,9396],{"class":92},[74,91512,122],{"class":88},[74,91514,3284],{"class":106},[74,91516,91517],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,91518,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,91520,91521,91523,91525,91527,91529,91531,91533,91535,91537],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,91522,5609],{"class":3529},[74,91524,69189],{"class":80},[74,91526,351],{"class":3529},[74,91528,53722],{"class":102},[74,91530,107],{"class":106},[74,91532,10820],{"class":102},[74,91534,107],{"class":106},[74,91536,7466],{"class":110},[74,91538,69204],{"class":106},[74,91540,91541,91543,91545,91547,91549,91551,91553,91555],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,91542,7726],{"class":102},[74,91544,107],{"class":106},[74,91546,35810],{"class":110},[74,91548,249],{"class":106},[74,91550,5617],{"class":110},[74,91552,742],{"class":106},[74,91554,35810],{"class":110},[74,91556,751],{"class":106},[20,91558,157],{},[65,91560,91561],{"className":67,"code":35822,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,91562,91563,91569,91575],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,91564,91565,91567],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,91566,327],{"class":167},[74,91568,35831],{"class":80},[74,91570,91571,91573],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,91572,2632],{"class":167},[74,91574,35838],{"class":80},[74,91576,91577,91579],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,91578,687],{"class":167},[74,91580,35845],{"class":80},[20,91582,91583,91584,91588],{},"This works, and it uses ",[125,91585,91586],{"href":42013},[15,91587,42016],{}," to get the number of items.",[20,91590,91591],{},"But for beginners, direct looping is often simpler:",[65,91593,91595],{"className":67,"code":91594,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor item in items:\n    print(item)\n",[15,91596,91597,91629,91633,91645],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,91598,91599,91601,91603,91605,91607,91609,91611,91613,91615,91617,91619,91621,91623,91625,91627],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,91600,7435],{"class":80},[74,91602,85],{"class":84},[74,91604,3271],{"class":106},[74,91606,122],{"class":88},[74,91608,125],{"class":92},[74,91610,122],{"class":88},[74,91612,249],{"class":106},[74,91614,89],{"class":88},[74,91616,4412],{"class":92},[74,91618,122],{"class":88},[74,91620,249],{"class":106},[74,91622,89],{"class":88},[74,91624,9396],{"class":92},[74,91626,122],{"class":88},[74,91628,3284],{"class":106},[74,91630,91631],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,91632,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,91634,91635,91637,91639,91641,91643],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,91636,5609],{"class":3529},[74,91638,5612],{"class":80},[74,91640,351],{"class":3529},[74,91642,5617],{"class":80},[74,91644,6046],{"class":106},[74,91646,91647,91649,91651,91653],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,91648,7726],{"class":102},[74,91650,107],{"class":106},[74,91652,22966],{"class":110},[74,91654,260],{"class":106},[20,91656,36249,91657,91662],{},[125,91658,91660],{"href":91659},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained\u002F",[15,91661,35406],{}," is usually a better choice:",[65,91664,91666],{"className":67,"code":91665,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor index, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(index, item)\n",[15,91667,91668,91700,91704,91724],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,91669,91670,91672,91674,91676,91678,91680,91682,91684,91686,91688,91690,91692,91694,91696,91698],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,91671,7435],{"class":80},[74,91673,85],{"class":84},[74,91675,3271],{"class":106},[74,91677,122],{"class":88},[74,91679,125],{"class":92},[74,91681,122],{"class":88},[74,91683,249],{"class":106},[74,91685,89],{"class":88},[74,91687,4412],{"class":92},[74,91689,122],{"class":88},[74,91691,249],{"class":106},[74,91693,89],{"class":88},[74,91695,9396],{"class":92},[74,91697,122],{"class":88},[74,91699,3284],{"class":106},[74,91701,91702],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,91703,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,91705,91706,91708,91710,91712,91714,91716,91718,91720,91722],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,91707,5609],{"class":3529},[74,91709,35478],{"class":80},[74,91711,249],{"class":106},[74,91713,5612],{"class":80},[74,91715,351],{"class":3529},[74,91717,35488],{"class":102},[74,91719,107],{"class":106},[74,91721,7466],{"class":110},[74,91723,8000],{"class":106},[74,91725,91726,91728,91730,91732,91734,91736],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,91727,7726],{"class":102},[74,91729,107],{"class":106},[74,91731,35503],{"class":110},[74,91733,249],{"class":106},[74,91735,29162],{"class":110},[74,91737,260],{"class":106},[20,91739,78755,91740,114],{},[125,91741,36262,91742,36265],{"href":36261},[15,91743,35406],{},[60,91745,91747,91748,91750],{"id":91746},"converting-range-to-a-list","Converting ",[15,91749,35854],{}," to a list",[20,91752,91753,91755],{},[15,91754,35854],{}," does not directly show all numbers as a normal list.",[20,91757,91758,91759,679],{},"To see the values, convert it with ",[15,91760,24437],{},[65,91762,91764],{"className":67,"code":91763,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(list(range(3)))\n",[15,91765,91766],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,91767,91768,91770,91772,91774,91776,91778,91780,91782],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,91769,103],{"class":102},[74,91771,107],{"class":106},[74,91773,7751],{"class":1345},[74,91775,107],{"class":106},[74,91777,59646],{"class":102},[74,91779,107],{"class":106},[74,91781,321],{"class":167},[74,91783,2555],{"class":106},[20,91785,157],{},[65,91787,91789],{"className":67,"code":91788,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"[0, 1, 2]\n",[15,91790,91791],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,91792,91793,91795,91797,91799,91801,91803,91805],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,91794,742],{"class":106},[74,91796,327],{"class":167},[74,91798,249],{"class":106},[74,91800,5148],{"class":167},[74,91802,249],{"class":106},[74,91804,620],{"class":167},[74,91806,3284],{"class":106},[20,91808,32969],{},[30,91810,91811,91816,91819],{},[33,91812,91813,91814,41740],{},"learning how ",[15,91815,35854],{},[33,91817,91818],{},"checking your values",[33,91820,91821],{},"debugging code",[20,91823,5122],{},[65,91825,91827],{"className":67,"code":91826,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = range(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(list(numbers))\n",[15,91828,91829,91843,91847,91857],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,91830,91831,91833,91835,91837,91839,91841],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,91832,3266],{"class":80},[74,91834,85],{"class":84},[74,91836,53722],{"class":102},[74,91838,107],{"class":106},[74,91840,2148],{"class":167},[74,91842,260],{"class":106},[74,91844,91845],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,91846,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,91848,91849,91851,91853,91855],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,91850,103],{"class":102},[74,91852,107],{"class":106},[74,91854,3298],{"class":110},[74,91856,260],{"class":106},[74,91858,91859,91861,91863,91865,91867,91869],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,91860,103],{"class":102},[74,91862,107],{"class":106},[74,91864,7751],{"class":1345},[74,91866,107],{"class":106},[74,91868,3298],{"class":110},[74,91870,130],{"class":106},[20,91872,157],{},[65,91874,91876],{"className":67,"code":91875,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"range(0, 4)\n[0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,91877,91878,91892],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,91879,91880,91882,91884,91886,91888,91890],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,91881,59646],{"class":102},[74,91883,107],{"class":106},[74,91885,327],{"class":167},[74,91887,249],{"class":106},[74,91889,2100],{"class":167},[74,91891,260],{"class":106},[74,91893,91894,91896,91898,91900,91902,91904,91906,91908,91910],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,91895,742],{"class":106},[74,91897,327],{"class":167},[74,91899,249],{"class":106},[74,91901,5148],{"class":167},[74,91903,249],{"class":106},[74,91905,620],{"class":167},[74,91907,249],{"class":106},[74,91909,2094],{"class":167},[74,91911,3284],{"class":106},[20,91913,91914,91915,10243,91917,91920],{},"If you want to understand this difference more clearly, see Python ",[15,91916,59646],{},[15,91918,91919],{},"list(range)"," explained.",[60,91922,4170],{"id":4169},[20,91924,33198,91925,114],{},[15,91926,35854],{},[262,91928,91930],{"id":91929},"expecting-the-stop-value-to-be-included","Expecting the stop value to be included",[20,91932,91933],{},"Many beginners think this:",[65,91935,91937],{"className":67,"code":91936,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(list(range(1, 5)))\n",[15,91938,91939],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,91940,91941,91943,91945,91947,91949,91951,91953,91955,91957,91959],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,91942,103],{"class":102},[74,91944,107],{"class":106},[74,91946,7751],{"class":1345},[74,91948,107],{"class":106},[74,91950,59646],{"class":102},[74,91952,107],{"class":106},[74,91954,2632],{"class":167},[74,91956,249],{"class":106},[74,91958,651],{"class":167},[74,91960,2555],{"class":106},[20,91962,91963],{},"will produce:",[65,91965,91967],{"className":67,"code":91966,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,91968,91969],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,91970,91971,91973,91975,91977,91979,91981,91983,91985,91987,91989,91991],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,91972,742],{"class":106},[74,91974,2632],{"class":167},[74,91976,249],{"class":106},[74,91978,620],{"class":167},[74,91980,249],{"class":106},[74,91982,2094],{"class":167},[74,91984,249],{"class":106},[74,91986,2100],{"class":167},[74,91988,249],{"class":106},[74,91990,651],{"class":167},[74,91992,3284],{"class":106},[20,91994,91995],{},"But the real output is:",[65,91997,91998],{"className":67,"code":53157,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,91999,92000],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,92001,92002,92004,92006,92008,92010,92012,92014,92016,92018],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,92003,742],{"class":106},[74,92005,2632],{"class":167},[74,92007,249],{"class":106},[74,92009,620],{"class":167},[74,92011,249],{"class":106},[74,92013,2094],{"class":167},[74,92015,249],{"class":106},[74,92017,2100],{"class":167},[74,92019,3284],{"class":106},[20,92021,92022],{},"The stop value is excluded.",[262,92024,4231,92026,92028,92029],{"id":92025},"assuming-range5-starts-at-1",[15,92027,90490],{}," starts at ",[15,92030,2632],{},[20,92032,37123,92033,18618,92035,114],{},[15,92034,327],{},[15,92036,2632],{},[65,92038,92039],{"className":67,"code":90683,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,92040,92041],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,92042,92043,92045,92047,92049,92051,92053,92055,92057],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,92044,103],{"class":102},[74,92046,107],{"class":106},[74,92048,7751],{"class":1345},[74,92050,107],{"class":106},[74,92052,59646],{"class":102},[74,92054,107],{"class":106},[74,92056,711],{"class":167},[74,92058,2555],{"class":106},[20,92060,157],{},[65,92062,92063],{"className":67,"code":59669,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,92064,92065],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,92066,92067,92069,92071,92073,92075,92077,92079,92081,92083,92085,92087],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,92068,742],{"class":106},[74,92070,327],{"class":167},[74,92072,249],{"class":106},[74,92074,5148],{"class":167},[74,92076,249],{"class":106},[74,92078,620],{"class":167},[74,92080,249],{"class":106},[74,92082,2094],{"class":167},[74,92084,249],{"class":106},[74,92086,2100],{"class":167},[74,92088,3284],{"class":106},[262,92090,92092],{"id":92091},"using-a-string-instead-of-an-integer","Using a string instead of an integer",[20,92094,92095,92096,679],{},"This often happens with ",[15,92097,2601],{},[65,92099,92101],{"className":67,"code":92100,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"user_number = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,92102,92103,92122,92126,92143],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,92104,92105,92108,92110,92112,92114,92116,92118,92120],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,92106,92107],{"class":80},"user_number ",[74,92109,85],{"class":84},[74,92111,7900],{"class":102},[74,92113,107],{"class":106},[74,92115,122],{"class":88},[74,92117,41526],{"class":92},[74,92119,122],{"class":88},[74,92121,260],{"class":106},[74,92123,92124],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,92125,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,92127,92128,92130,92132,92134,92136,92138,92141],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,92129,5609],{"class":3529},[74,92131,69189],{"class":80},[74,92133,351],{"class":3529},[74,92135,53722],{"class":102},[74,92137,107],{"class":106},[74,92139,92140],{"class":110},"user_number",[74,92142,8000],{"class":106},[74,92144,92145,92147,92149,92151],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,92146,7726],{"class":102},[74,92148,107],{"class":106},[74,92150,35810],{"class":110},[74,92152,260],{"class":106},[20,92154,48162,92155,92157],{},[15,92156,2601],{}," returns a string.",[20,92159,1080],{},[65,92161,92163],{"className":67,"code":92162,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"user_number = int(input(\"Enter a number: \"))\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,92164,92165,92187,92191,92207],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,92166,92167,92169,92171,92173,92175,92177,92179,92181,92183,92185],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,92168,92107],{"class":80},[74,92170,85],{"class":84},[74,92172,44930],{"class":1345},[74,92174,107],{"class":106},[74,92176,42118],{"class":102},[74,92178,107],{"class":106},[74,92180,122],{"class":88},[74,92182,41526],{"class":92},[74,92184,122],{"class":88},[74,92186,130],{"class":106},[74,92188,92189],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,92190,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,92192,92193,92195,92197,92199,92201,92203,92205],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,92194,5609],{"class":3529},[74,92196,69189],{"class":80},[74,92198,351],{"class":3529},[74,92200,53722],{"class":102},[74,92202,107],{"class":106},[74,92204,92140],{"class":110},[74,92206,8000],{"class":106},[74,92208,92209,92211,92213,92215],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,92210,7726],{"class":102},[74,92212,107],{"class":106},[74,92214,35810],{"class":110},[74,92216,260],{"class":106},[20,92218,92219,92220,114],{},"If you see an error here, read ",[125,92221,50175,92222],{"href":50174},[15,92223,50178],{},[262,92225,92227,92228,92230,92231],{"id":92226},"using-a-negative-step-with-start-smaller-than-stop","Using a negative step with ",[15,92229,50],{}," smaller than ",[15,92232,75065],{},[20,92234,92235],{},"This does not count backward correctly:",[65,92237,92238],{"className":67,"code":91165,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,92239,92240],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,92241,92242,92244,92246,92248,92250,92252,92254,92256,92258,92260,92262,92264,92266],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,92243,103],{"class":102},[74,92245,107],{"class":106},[74,92247,7751],{"class":1345},[74,92249,107],{"class":106},[74,92251,59646],{"class":102},[74,92253,107],{"class":106},[74,92255,2632],{"class":167},[74,92257,249],{"class":106},[74,92259,651],{"class":167},[74,92261,249],{"class":106},[74,92263,1864],{"class":84},[74,92265,2632],{"class":167},[74,92267,2555],{"class":106},[20,92269,157],{},[65,92271,92272],{"className":67,"code":37953,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,92273,92274],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,92275,92276],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,92277,37953],{"class":106},[20,92279,92280],{},"If the step is negative, the start usually needs to be larger than the stop.",[262,92282,25273,92284],{"id":92283},"trying-to-use-step-0",[15,92285,92286],{},"step = 0",[20,92288,77206],{},[65,92290,92292],{"className":67,"code":92291,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"range(1, 10, 0)\n",[15,92293,92294],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,92295,92296,92298,92300,92302,92304,92306,92308,92310],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,92297,59646],{"class":102},[74,92299,107],{"class":106},[74,92301,2632],{"class":167},[74,92303,249],{"class":106},[74,92305,5656],{"class":167},[74,92307,249],{"class":106},[74,92309,3485],{"class":167},[74,92311,260],{"class":106},[20,92313,92314],{},"Python raises an error because the sequence cannot move.",[262,92316,4355,92318,92320],{"id":92317},"forgetting-that-range-is-not-a-list",[15,92319,35854],{}," is not a list",[20,92322,92323],{},"This can confuse beginners when printing values:",[65,92325,92327],{"className":67,"code":92326,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(range(5))\n",[15,92328,92329],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,92330,92331,92333,92335,92337,92339,92341],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,92332,103],{"class":102},[74,92334,107],{"class":106},[74,92336,59646],{"class":102},[74,92338,107],{"class":106},[74,92340,711],{"class":167},[74,92342,130],{"class":106},[20,92344,157],{},[65,92346,92348],{"className":67,"code":92347,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"range(0, 5)\n",[15,92349,92350],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,92351,92352,92354,92356,92358,92360,92362],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,92353,59646],{"class":102},[74,92355,107],{"class":106},[74,92357,327],{"class":167},[74,92359,249],{"class":106},[74,92361,651],{"class":167},[74,92363,260],{"class":106},[20,92365,92366],{},"To see the numbers, use:",[65,92368,92369],{"className":67,"code":90683,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,92370,92371],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,92372,92373,92375,92377,92379,92381,92383,92385,92387],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,92374,103],{"class":102},[74,92376,107],{"class":106},[74,92378,7751],{"class":1345},[74,92380,107],{"class":106},[74,92382,59646],{"class":102},[74,92384,107],{"class":106},[74,92386,711],{"class":167},[74,92388,2555],{"class":106},[20,92390,157],{},[65,92392,92393],{"className":67,"code":59669,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,92394,92395],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,92396,92397,92399,92401,92403,92405,92407,92409,92411,92413,92415,92417],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,92398,742],{"class":106},[74,92400,327],{"class":167},[74,92402,249],{"class":106},[74,92404,5148],{"class":167},[74,92406,249],{"class":106},[74,92408,620],{"class":167},[74,92410,249],{"class":106},[74,92412,2094],{"class":167},[74,92414,249],{"class":106},[74,92416,2100],{"class":167},[74,92418,3284],{"class":106},[60,92420,92422],{"id":92421},"useful-checks-while-debugging","Useful checks while debugging",[20,92424,1318,92425,81977],{},[15,92426,35854],{},[65,92428,92430],{"className":67,"code":92429,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(list(range(2, 8)))\nprint(list(range(10, 0, -2)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\n",[15,92431,92432,92446,92464,92486,92514],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,92433,92434,92436,92438,92440,92442,92444],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,92435,103],{"class":102},[74,92437,107],{"class":106},[74,92439,59646],{"class":102},[74,92441,107],{"class":106},[74,92443,711],{"class":167},[74,92445,130],{"class":106},[74,92447,92448,92450,92452,92454,92456,92458,92460,92462],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,92449,103],{"class":102},[74,92451,107],{"class":106},[74,92453,7751],{"class":1345},[74,92455,107],{"class":106},[74,92457,59646],{"class":102},[74,92459,107],{"class":106},[74,92461,711],{"class":167},[74,92463,2555],{"class":106},[74,92465,92466,92468,92470,92472,92474,92476,92478,92480,92482,92484],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,92467,103],{"class":102},[74,92469,107],{"class":106},[74,92471,7751],{"class":1345},[74,92473,107],{"class":106},[74,92475,59646],{"class":102},[74,92477,107],{"class":106},[74,92479,687],{"class":167},[74,92481,249],{"class":106},[74,92483,6012],{"class":167},[74,92485,2555],{"class":106},[74,92487,92488,92490,92492,92494,92496,92498,92500,92502,92504,92506,92508,92510,92512],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,92489,103],{"class":102},[74,92491,107],{"class":106},[74,92493,7751],{"class":1345},[74,92495,107],{"class":106},[74,92497,59646],{"class":102},[74,92499,107],{"class":106},[74,92501,1972],{"class":167},[74,92503,249],{"class":106},[74,92505,3485],{"class":167},[74,92507,249],{"class":106},[74,92509,1864],{"class":84},[74,92511,687],{"class":167},[74,92513,2555],{"class":106},[74,92515,92516,92518,92520,92522,92524,92526,92528,92530],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,92517,103],{"class":102},[74,92519,107],{"class":106},[74,92521,1346],{"class":1345},[74,92523,107],{"class":106},[74,92525,59646],{"class":102},[74,92527,107],{"class":106},[74,92529,711],{"class":167},[74,92531,2555],{"class":106},[20,92533,25663],{},[30,92535,92536,92539,92542],{},[33,92537,92538],{},"what values are being created",[33,92540,92541],{},"whether the direction is correct",[33,92543,92544,92545,24273],{},"whether you are working with a ",[15,92546,59646],{},[60,92548,1471],{"id":1470},[262,92550,1517,92552,92554],{"id":92551},"does-range-include-the-last-number",[15,92553,35854],{}," include the last number?",[20,92556,92557],{},"No. The stop value is excluded.",[262,92559,4808,92561,92563,92564,2135],{"id":92560},"why-does-range5-start-at-0",[15,92562,90490],{}," start at ",[15,92565,327],{},[20,92567,92568,92569,114],{},"When only one argument is given, Python uses it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,92570,327],{},[262,92572,1507,92574,92576],{"id":92573},"can-range-count-backward",[15,92575,35854],{}," count backward?",[20,92578,92579,92580,114],{},"Yes. Use a negative step, such as ",[15,92581,92582],{},"range(5, 0, -1)",[262,92584,1485,92586,25697],{"id":92585},"is-range-a-list",[15,92587,35854],{},[20,92589,25700,92590,92592,92593,23594],{},[15,92591,59646],{}," object. Use ",[15,92594,92595],{},"list(range(...))",[262,92597,4808,92599,48336],{"id":92598},"why-does-rangeinput-fail",[15,92600,92601],{},"range(input())",[20,92603,92604,3131,92606,114],{},[15,92605,2601],{},[15,92607,92608],{},"int(input())",[60,92610,1527],{"id":1526},[30,92612,92613,92617,92623,92629,92635],{},[33,92614,92615],{},[125,92616,35686],{"href":35685},[33,92618,92619],{},[125,92620,3223,92621,3156],{"href":42013},[15,92622,42016],{},[33,92624,92625],{},[125,92626,3223,92627,3156],{"href":91659},[15,92628,35406],{},[33,92630,92631],{},[125,92632,37174,92633,36265],{"href":36261},[15,92634,35406],{},[33,92636,92637],{},[125,92638,50175,92639],{"href":50174},[15,92640,50178],{},[1566,92642,92643],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":70,"searchDepth":99,"depth":99,"links":92645},[92646,92647,92649,92655,92663,92670,92672,92684,92685,92697],{"id":62,"depth":99,"text":63},{"id":90499,"depth":99,"text":92648},"What range() does",{"id":90592,"depth":99,"text":92650,"children":92651},"range() syntax",[92652,92653,92654],{"id":90672,"depth":133,"text":90675},{"id":90736,"depth":133,"text":90739},{"id":90804,"depth":133,"text":90807},{"id":90875,"depth":99,"text":90876,"children":92656},[92657,92658,92659,92660,92661],{"id":90882,"depth":133,"text":90490},{"id":90945,"depth":133,"text":90948},{"id":91009,"depth":133,"text":91012},{"id":91085,"depth":133,"text":91086},{"id":76450,"depth":133,"text":92662},"step cannot be 0",{"id":91244,"depth":99,"text":92664,"children":92665},"Using range() in a for loop",[92666,92667,92668],{"id":91346,"depth":133,"text":91347},{"id":91391,"depth":133,"text":91392},{"id":91471,"depth":133,"text":92669},"range() and indexing",{"id":91746,"depth":99,"text":92671},"Converting range() to a list",{"id":4169,"depth":99,"text":4170,"children":92673},[92674,92675,92677,92678,92680,92682],{"id":91929,"depth":133,"text":91930},{"id":92025,"depth":133,"text":92676},"Assuming range(5) starts at 1",{"id":92091,"depth":133,"text":92092},{"id":92226,"depth":133,"text":92679},"Using a negative step with start smaller than stop",{"id":92283,"depth":133,"text":92681},"Trying to use step = 0",{"id":92317,"depth":133,"text":92683},"Forgetting that range() is not a list",{"id":92421,"depth":99,"text":92422},{"id":1470,"depth":99,"text":1471,"children":92686},[92687,92689,92691,92693,92695],{"id":92551,"depth":133,"text":92688},"Does range() include the last number?",{"id":92560,"depth":133,"text":92690},"Why does range(5) start at 0?",{"id":92573,"depth":133,"text":92692},"Can range() count backward?",{"id":92585,"depth":133,"text":92694},"Is range() a list?",{"id":92598,"depth":133,"text":92696},"Why does range(input()) fail?",{"id":1526,"depth":99,"text":1527},"Master python range function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained",{"title":90393,"description":92698},"reference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained","WM74kaur77O7To2YFL58_24yQPMusxcx03D4i7kex70",{"id":92705,"title":92706,"body":92707,"description":94380,"extension":1610,"meta":94381,"navigation":407,"path":94382,"seo":94383,"stem":94384,"__hash__":94385},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained.md","Python range() vs list(range()) Explained",{"type":7,"value":92708,"toc":94353},[92709,92718,92725,92742,92758,92760,92809,92817,92821,92824,92844,92846,92910,92912,92955,92958,93004,93006,93039,93049,93055,93063,93080,93082,93113,93115,93140,93145,93156,93159,93229,93231,93262,93267,93272,93289,93291,93342,93344,93377,93380,93387,93392,93396,93412,93414,93458,93460,93506,93509,93522,93527,93531,93545,93547,93598,93600,93633,93638,93640,93647,93649,93672,93674,93739,93741,93758,93761,93794,93796,93824,93834,93841,93845,93848,93866,93869,93897,93900,93918,93923,93929,93932,93954,93956,93984,93986,93989,94014,94017,94130,94132,94211,94213,94219,94224,94232,94240,94244,94247,94249,94282,94284,94292,94298,94305,94312,94315,94317,94350],[10,92710,3223,92712,10243,92714,92717],{"id":92711},"python-range-vs-listrange-explained",[15,92713,35854],{},[15,92715,92716],{},"list(range())"," Explained",[20,92719,92720,51,92722,92724],{},[15,92721,35854],{},[15,92723,92716],{}," can represent the same numbers, but they are not the same thing.",[30,92726,92727,92735],{},[33,92728,92729,92731,92732],{},[15,92730,35854],{}," creates a ",[332,92733,92734],{},"range object",[33,92736,92737,92731,92739],{},[15,92738,92716],{},[332,92740,92741],{},"real list",[20,92743,92744,92745,92747,92748,92751,92752,92754,92755,92757],{},"This matters because beginners often expect ",[15,92746,90490],{}," to behave exactly like ",[15,92749,92750],{},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]",". It does not. In most cases, you should use ",[15,92753,35854],{}," for looping, and only use ",[15,92756,92716],{}," when you actually need a list.",[60,92759,3256],{"id":3255},[65,92761,92763],{"className":67,"code":92762,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = range(5)\nprint(numbers)          # range(0, 5)\nprint(list(numbers))    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,92764,92765,92779,92792],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,92766,92767,92769,92771,92773,92775,92777],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,92768,3266],{"class":80},[74,92770,85],{"class":84},[74,92772,53722],{"class":102},[74,92774,107],{"class":106},[74,92776,711],{"class":167},[74,92778,260],{"class":106},[74,92780,92781,92783,92785,92787,92789],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,92782,103],{"class":102},[74,92784,107],{"class":106},[74,92786,3298],{"class":110},[74,92788,3311],{"class":106},[74,92790,92791],{"class":3314},"          # range(0, 5)\n",[74,92793,92794,92796,92798,92800,92802,92804,92806],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,92795,103],{"class":102},[74,92797,107],{"class":106},[74,92799,7751],{"class":1345},[74,92801,107],{"class":106},[74,92803,3298],{"class":110},[74,92805,5011],{"class":106},[74,92807,92808],{"class":3314},"    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,92810,176,92811,92813,92814,92816],{},[15,92812,35854],{}," for looping. Use ",[15,92815,92716],{}," when you need an actual list value.",[60,92818,92820],{"id":92819},"what-is-the-difference","What is the difference?",[20,92822,92823],{},"The main difference is what each one returns.",[30,92825,92826,92833,92838,92841],{},[33,92827,92828,21631,92830,92832],{},[15,92829,35854],{},[332,92831,92734],{},", not a list",[33,92834,92835,92837],{},[15,92836,92716],{}," converts that range object into a list",[33,92839,92840],{},"Both can represent the same sequence of numbers",[33,92842,92843],{},"They are used differently in real programs",[20,92845,506],{},[65,92847,92849],{"className":67,"code":92848,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"r = range(5)\nlst = list(range(5))\n\nprint(r)\nprint(lst)\n",[15,92850,92851,92866,92885,92889,92899],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,92852,92853,92856,92858,92860,92862,92864],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,92854,92855],{"class":80},"r ",[74,92857,85],{"class":84},[74,92859,53722],{"class":102},[74,92861,107],{"class":106},[74,92863,711],{"class":167},[74,92865,260],{"class":106},[74,92867,92868,92871,92873,92875,92877,92879,92881,92883],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,92869,92870],{"class":80},"lst ",[74,92872,85],{"class":84},[74,92874,22216],{"class":1345},[74,92876,107],{"class":106},[74,92878,59646],{"class":102},[74,92880,107],{"class":106},[74,92882,711],{"class":167},[74,92884,130],{"class":106},[74,92886,92887],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,92888,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,92890,92891,92893,92895,92897],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,92892,103],{"class":102},[74,92894,107],{"class":106},[74,92896,60153],{"class":110},[74,92898,260],{"class":106},[74,92900,92901,92903,92905,92908],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,92902,103],{"class":102},[74,92904,107],{"class":106},[74,92906,92907],{"class":110},"lst",[74,92909,260],{"class":106},[20,92911,157],{},[65,92913,92915],{"className":67,"code":92914,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,92916,92917,92931],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,92918,92919,92921,92923,92925,92927,92929],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,92920,59646],{"class":102},[74,92922,107],{"class":106},[74,92924,327],{"class":167},[74,92926,249],{"class":106},[74,92928,651],{"class":167},[74,92930,260],{"class":106},[74,92932,92933,92935,92937,92939,92941,92943,92945,92947,92949,92951,92953],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,92934,742],{"class":106},[74,92936,327],{"class":167},[74,92938,249],{"class":106},[74,92940,5148],{"class":167},[74,92942,249],{"class":106},[74,92944,620],{"class":167},[74,92946,249],{"class":106},[74,92948,2094],{"class":167},[74,92950,249],{"class":106},[74,92952,2100],{"class":167},[74,92954,3284],{"class":106},[20,92956,92957],{},"Even though they represent the same values, their types are different:",[65,92959,92961],{"className":67,"code":92960,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\n",[15,92962,92963,92981],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,92964,92965,92967,92969,92971,92973,92975,92977,92979],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,92966,103],{"class":102},[74,92968,107],{"class":106},[74,92970,1346],{"class":1345},[74,92972,107],{"class":106},[74,92974,59646],{"class":102},[74,92976,107],{"class":106},[74,92978,711],{"class":167},[74,92980,2555],{"class":106},[74,92982,92983,92985,92987,92989,92991,92993,92995,92997,92999,93001],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,92984,103],{"class":102},[74,92986,107],{"class":106},[74,92988,1346],{"class":1345},[74,92990,107],{"class":106},[74,92992,7751],{"class":1345},[74,92994,107],{"class":106},[74,92996,59646],{"class":102},[74,92998,107],{"class":106},[74,93000,711],{"class":167},[74,93002,93003],{"class":106},"))))\n",[20,93005,157],{},[65,93007,93009],{"className":67,"code":93008,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,93010,93011,93025],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,93012,93013,93015,93017,93019,93021,93023],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,93014,2935],{"class":84},[74,93016,2938],{"class":1711},[74,93018,2941],{"class":88},[74,93020,59646],{"class":92},[74,93022,2946],{"class":88},[74,93024,2949],{"class":84},[74,93026,93027,93029,93031,93033,93035,93037],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,93028,2935],{"class":84},[74,93030,2938],{"class":1711},[74,93032,2941],{"class":88},[74,93034,7751],{"class":92},[74,93036,2946],{"class":88},[74,93038,2949],{"class":84},[20,93040,93041,93042,93044,93045,114],{},"If you want to learn more about how ",[15,93043,35854],{}," works, see ",[125,93046,3223,93047,3156],{"href":92700},[15,93048,35854],{},[60,93050,3328,93052,93054],{"id":93051},"what-range-gives-you",[15,93053,35854],{}," gives you",[20,93056,93057,93059,93060,93062],{},[15,93058,35854],{}," is most often used in ",[15,93061,5609],{}," loops.",[30,93064,93065,93068,93071,93074],{},[33,93066,93067],{},"It is commonly used in loops",[33,93069,93070],{},"It represents numbers without storing them all as a list",[33,93072,93073],{},"It is memory efficient for large sequences",[33,93075,93076,93077],{},"Printing it directly shows ",[15,93078,93079],{},"range(start, stop[, step])",[20,93081,506],{},[65,93083,93085],{"className":67,"code":93084,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n",[15,93086,93087,93103],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,93088,93089,93091,93093,93095,93097,93099,93101],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,93090,5609],{"class":3529},[74,93092,69189],{"class":80},[74,93094,351],{"class":3529},[74,93096,53722],{"class":102},[74,93098,107],{"class":106},[74,93100,711],{"class":167},[74,93102,8000],{"class":106},[74,93104,93105,93107,93109,93111],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,93106,7726],{"class":102},[74,93108,107],{"class":106},[74,93110,35810],{"class":110},[74,93112,260],{"class":106},[20,93114,157],{},[65,93116,93118],{"className":67,"code":93117,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"0\n1\n2\n3\n4\n",[15,93119,93120,93124,93128,93132,93136],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,93121,93122],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,93123,46904],{"class":167},[74,93125,93126],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,93127,669],{"class":167},[74,93129,93130],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,93131,173],{"class":167},[74,93133,93134],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,93135,168],{"class":167},[74,93137,93138],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,93139,48302],{"class":167},[20,93141,20426,93142,93144],{},[15,93143,90490],{}," works perfectly in a loop. You do not need to convert it to a list first.",[20,93146,93147,93148,93150,93151,114],{},"This is one reason ",[15,93149,35854],{}," is so common with ",[125,93152,3223,93154,90521],{"href":93153},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained",[15,93155,5609],{},[20,93157,93158],{},"You can also inspect it:",[65,93160,93162],{"className":67,"code":93161,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"r = range(2, 10, 2)\n\nprint(r)\nprint(len(r))\nprint(6 in r)\n",[15,93163,93164,93186,93190,93200,93214],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,93165,93166,93168,93170,93172,93174,93176,93178,93180,93182,93184],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,93167,92855],{"class":80},[74,93169,85],{"class":84},[74,93171,53722],{"class":102},[74,93173,107],{"class":106},[74,93175,687],{"class":167},[74,93177,249],{"class":106},[74,93179,5656],{"class":167},[74,93181,249],{"class":106},[74,93183,620],{"class":167},[74,93185,260],{"class":106},[74,93187,93188],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,93189,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,93191,93192,93194,93196,93198],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,93193,103],{"class":102},[74,93195,107],{"class":106},[74,93197,60153],{"class":110},[74,93199,260],{"class":106},[74,93201,93202,93204,93206,93208,93210,93212],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,93203,103],{"class":102},[74,93205,107],{"class":106},[74,93207,10820],{"class":102},[74,93209,107],{"class":106},[74,93211,60153],{"class":110},[74,93213,130],{"class":106},[74,93215,93216,93218,93220,93222,93224,93227],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,93217,103],{"class":102},[74,93219,107],{"class":106},[74,93221,80231],{"class":167},[74,93223,20829],{"class":3529},[74,93225,93226],{"class":110}," r",[74,93228,260],{"class":106},[20,93230,157],{},[65,93232,93234],{"className":67,"code":93233,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"range(2, 10, 2)\n4\nTrue\n",[15,93235,93236,93254,93258],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,93237,93238,93240,93242,93244,93246,93248,93250,93252],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,93239,59646],{"class":102},[74,93241,107],{"class":106},[74,93243,687],{"class":167},[74,93245,249],{"class":106},[74,93247,5656],{"class":167},[74,93249,249],{"class":106},[74,93251,620],{"class":167},[74,93253,260],{"class":106},[74,93255,93256],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,93257,48302],{"class":167},[74,93259,93260],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,93261,3631],{"class":3504},[60,93263,3328,93265,93054],{"id":93264},"what-listrange-gives-you",[15,93266,92716],{},[20,93268,93269,93271],{},[15,93270,92716],{}," creates a full list in memory.",[30,93273,93274,93277,93280,93283],{},[33,93275,93276],{},"It creates all values at once",[33,93278,93279],{},"Printing it shows the actual numbers",[33,93281,93282],{},"It is useful when you need list behavior",[33,93284,93285,93286,93288],{},"It is less efficient than plain ",[15,93287,35854],{}," for very large sequences",[20,93290,506],{},[65,93292,93294],{"className":67,"code":93293,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = list(range(5))\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,93295,93296,93314,93318,93328],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,93297,93298,93300,93302,93304,93306,93308,93310,93312],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,93299,3266],{"class":80},[74,93301,85],{"class":84},[74,93303,22216],{"class":1345},[74,93305,107],{"class":106},[74,93307,59646],{"class":102},[74,93309,107],{"class":106},[74,93311,711],{"class":167},[74,93313,130],{"class":106},[74,93315,93316],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,93317,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,93319,93320,93322,93324,93326],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,93321,103],{"class":102},[74,93323,107],{"class":106},[74,93325,3298],{"class":110},[74,93327,260],{"class":106},[74,93329,93330,93332,93334,93336,93338,93340],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,93331,103],{"class":102},[74,93333,107],{"class":106},[74,93335,3298],{"class":110},[74,93337,742],{"class":106},[74,93339,687],{"class":167},[74,93341,751],{"class":106},[20,93343,157],{},[65,93345,93347],{"className":67,"code":93346,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n2\n",[15,93348,93349,93373],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,93350,93351,93353,93355,93357,93359,93361,93363,93365,93367,93369,93371],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,93352,742],{"class":106},[74,93354,327],{"class":167},[74,93356,249],{"class":106},[74,93358,5148],{"class":167},[74,93360,249],{"class":106},[74,93362,620],{"class":167},[74,93364,249],{"class":106},[74,93366,2094],{"class":167},[74,93368,249],{"class":106},[74,93370,2100],{"class":167},[74,93372,3284],{"class":106},[74,93374,93375],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,93376,173],{"class":167},[20,93378,93379],{},"This is helpful when you want clear output or when another part of your program expects a list.",[20,93381,93382,93383,114],{},"If you want to understand the conversion step itself, see ",[125,93384,3223,93385,3156],{"href":64493},[15,93386,24437],{},[60,93388,1260,93390],{"id":93389},"when-to-use-range",[15,93391,35854],{},[20,93393,176,93394,10259],{},[15,93395,35854],{},[30,93397,93398,93403,93406,93409],{},[33,93399,93400,93401,91250],{},"You are writing a ",[15,93402,5609],{},[33,93404,93405],{},"You only need to iterate over numbers",[33,93407,93408],{},"You are working with large sequences",[33,93410,93411],{},"You do not need a real list",[20,93413,506],{},[65,93415,93417],{"className":67,"code":93416,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"for i in range(1, 6):\n    print(\"Count:\", i)\n",[15,93418,93419,93439],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,93420,93421,93423,93425,93427,93429,93431,93433,93435,93437],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,93422,5609],{"class":3529},[74,93424,69189],{"class":80},[74,93426,351],{"class":3529},[74,93428,53722],{"class":102},[74,93430,107],{"class":106},[74,93432,2632],{"class":167},[74,93434,249],{"class":106},[74,93436,37299],{"class":167},[74,93438,8000],{"class":106},[74,93440,93441,93443,93445,93447,93450,93452,93454,93456],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,93442,7726],{"class":102},[74,93444,107],{"class":106},[74,93446,122],{"class":88},[74,93448,93449],{"class":92},"Count:",[74,93451,122],{"class":88},[74,93453,249],{"class":106},[74,93455,35785],{"class":110},[74,93457,260],{"class":106},[20,93459,157],{},[65,93461,93463],{"className":67,"code":93462,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"Count: 1\nCount: 2\nCount: 3\nCount: 4\nCount: 5\n",[15,93464,93465,93474,93482,93490,93498],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,93466,93467,93470,93472],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,93468,93469],{"class":80},"Count",[74,93471,679],{"class":106},[74,93473,29270],{"class":167},[74,93475,93476,93478,93480],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,93477,93469],{"class":80},[74,93479,679],{"class":106},[74,93481,45243],{"class":167},[74,93483,93484,93486,93488],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,93485,93469],{"class":80},[74,93487,679],{"class":106},[74,93489,2221],{"class":167},[74,93491,93492,93494,93496],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,93493,93469],{"class":80},[74,93495,679],{"class":106},[74,93497,23319],{"class":167},[74,93499,93500,93502,93504],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,93501,93469],{"class":80},[74,93503,679],{"class":106},[74,93505,34499],{"class":167},[20,93507,93508],{},"This is the most common use.",[20,93510,93511,93512,93514,93515,61935,93517,114],{},"If you need both the index and the value while looping through another sequence, ",[15,93513,35406],{}," is often a better choice than ",[15,93516,36255],{},[125,93518,36262,93520,36265],{"href":93519},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python",[15,93521,35406],{},[60,93523,1260,93525],{"id":93524},"when-to-use-listrange",[15,93526,92716],{},[20,93528,176,93529,10259],{},[15,93530,92716],{},[30,93532,93533,93536,93539,93542],{},[33,93534,93535],{},"You need to see all values clearly",[33,93537,93538],{},"Another part of your code expects a list",[33,93540,93541],{},"You want to modify the result as a list",[33,93543,93544],{},"You are learning and list output is easier to understand",[20,93546,506],{},[65,93548,93550],{"className":67,"code":93549,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = list(range(5))\nnumbers.append(5)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,93551,93552,93570,93584,93588],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,93553,93554,93556,93558,93560,93562,93564,93566,93568],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,93555,3266],{"class":80},[74,93557,85],{"class":84},[74,93559,22216],{"class":1345},[74,93561,107],{"class":106},[74,93563,59646],{"class":102},[74,93565,107],{"class":106},[74,93567,711],{"class":167},[74,93569,130],{"class":106},[74,93571,93572,93574,93576,93578,93580,93582],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,93573,3298],{"class":80},[74,93575,114],{"class":106},[74,93577,13210],{"class":110},[74,93579,107],{"class":106},[74,93581,711],{"class":167},[74,93583,260],{"class":106},[74,93585,93586],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,93587,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,93589,93590,93592,93594,93596],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,93591,103],{"class":102},[74,93593,107],{"class":106},[74,93595,3298],{"class":110},[74,93597,260],{"class":106},[20,93599,157],{},[65,93601,93603],{"className":67,"code":93602,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,93604,93605],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,93606,93607,93609,93611,93613,93615,93617,93619,93621,93623,93625,93627,93629,93631],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,93608,742],{"class":106},[74,93610,327],{"class":167},[74,93612,249],{"class":106},[74,93614,5148],{"class":167},[74,93616,249],{"class":106},[74,93618,620],{"class":167},[74,93620,249],{"class":106},[74,93622,2094],{"class":167},[74,93624,249],{"class":106},[74,93626,2100],{"class":167},[74,93628,249],{"class":106},[74,93630,651],{"class":167},[74,93632,3284],{"class":106},[20,93634,5712,93635,93637],{},[15,93636,3298],{}," is a list.",[60,93639,15254],{"id":15253},[20,93641,93642,93644,93645,114],{},[15,93643,35854],{}," can be used like a sequence, but it is still ",[332,93646,37253],{},[20,93648,776],{},[30,93650,93651,93653,93658,93663,93666],{},[33,93652,21641],{},[33,93654,93655,93656],{},"You can check its length with ",[15,93657,42016],{},[33,93659,93660,93661],{},"You can test membership with ",[15,93662,351],{},[33,93664,93665],{},"You can index it",[33,93667,93668,93669,93671],{},"But list methods such as ",[15,93670,52305],{}," do not work on it",[20,93673,506],{},[65,93675,93677],{"className":67,"code":93676,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"r = range(5)\n\nprint(r[2])\nprint(len(r))\nprint(3 in r)\n",[15,93678,93679,93693,93697,93711,93725],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,93680,93681,93683,93685,93687,93689,93691],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,93682,92855],{"class":80},[74,93684,85],{"class":84},[74,93686,53722],{"class":102},[74,93688,107],{"class":106},[74,93690,711],{"class":167},[74,93692,260],{"class":106},[74,93694,93695],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,93696,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,93698,93699,93701,93703,93705,93707,93709],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,93700,103],{"class":102},[74,93702,107],{"class":106},[74,93704,60153],{"class":110},[74,93706,742],{"class":106},[74,93708,687],{"class":167},[74,93710,751],{"class":106},[74,93712,93713,93715,93717,93719,93721,93723],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,93714,103],{"class":102},[74,93716,107],{"class":106},[74,93718,10820],{"class":102},[74,93720,107],{"class":106},[74,93722,60153],{"class":110},[74,93724,130],{"class":106},[74,93726,93727,93729,93731,93733,93735,93737],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,93728,103],{"class":102},[74,93730,107],{"class":106},[74,93732,321],{"class":167},[74,93734,20829],{"class":3529},[74,93736,93226],{"class":110},[74,93738,260],{"class":106},[20,93740,157],{},[65,93742,93744],{"className":67,"code":93743,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"2\n5\nTrue\n",[15,93745,93746,93750,93754],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,93747,93748],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,93749,173],{"class":167},[74,93751,93752],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,93753,2590],{"class":167},[74,93755,93756],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,93757,3631],{"class":3504},[20,93759,93760],{},"Now compare that with this:",[65,93762,93764],{"className":67,"code":93763,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"r = range(5)\nr.append(5)\n",[15,93765,93766,93780],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,93767,93768,93770,93772,93774,93776,93778],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,93769,92855],{"class":80},[74,93771,85],{"class":84},[74,93773,53722],{"class":102},[74,93775,107],{"class":106},[74,93777,711],{"class":167},[74,93779,260],{"class":106},[74,93781,93782,93784,93786,93788,93790,93792],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,93783,60153],{"class":80},[74,93785,114],{"class":106},[74,93787,13210],{"class":110},[74,93789,107],{"class":106},[74,93791,711],{"class":167},[74,93793,260],{"class":106},[20,93795,157],{},[65,93797,93799],{"className":67,"code":93798,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"AttributeError: 'range' object has no attribute 'append'\n",[15,93800,93801],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,93802,93803,93805,93807,93809,93811,93813,93815,93818,93820,93822],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,93804,25328],{"class":1345},[74,93806,679],{"class":106},[74,93808,2941],{"class":88},[74,93810,59646],{"class":92},[74,93812,2946],{"class":88},[74,93814,24273],{"class":1345},[74,93816,93817],{"class":80}," has no attribute ",[74,93819,2946],{"class":88},[74,93821,13210],{"class":92},[74,93823,29355],{"class":88},[20,93825,93826,93827,220,93829,1835,93831,93833],{},"If you need methods like ",[15,93828,52305],{},[15,93830,55181],{},[15,93832,63958],{},", convert the range to a list first.",[20,93835,93836,93837,114],{},"If you run into this kind of problem, see ",[125,93838,25336,93839],{"href":35076},[15,93840,33913],{},[60,93842,93844],{"id":93843},"common-confusion","Common confusion",[20,93846,93847],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting this:",[65,93849,93850],{"className":67,"code":92326,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,93851,93852],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,93853,93854,93856,93858,93860,93862,93864],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,93855,103],{"class":102},[74,93857,107],{"class":106},[74,93859,59646],{"class":102},[74,93861,107],{"class":106},[74,93863,711],{"class":167},[74,93865,130],{"class":106},[20,93867,93868],{},"to show:",[65,93870,93871],{"className":67,"code":59669,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,93872,93873],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,93874,93875,93877,93879,93881,93883,93885,93887,93889,93891,93893,93895],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,93876,742],{"class":106},[74,93878,327],{"class":167},[74,93880,249],{"class":106},[74,93882,5148],{"class":167},[74,93884,249],{"class":106},[74,93886,620],{"class":167},[74,93888,249],{"class":106},[74,93890,2094],{"class":167},[74,93892,249],{"class":106},[74,93894,2100],{"class":167},[74,93896,3284],{"class":106},[20,93898,93899],{},"But in Python 3, it shows:",[65,93901,93902],{"className":67,"code":92347,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,93903,93904],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,93905,93906,93908,93910,93912,93914,93916],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,93907,59646],{"class":102},[74,93909,107],{"class":106},[74,93911,327],{"class":167},[74,93913,249],{"class":106},[74,93915,651],{"class":167},[74,93917,260],{"class":106},[20,93919,4279,93920,93922],{},[332,93921,334],{}," mean the code is wrong.",[20,93924,93925,93926,93928],{},"It only means Python is showing the ",[332,93927,92734],{},", not converting it to a list for display.",[20,93930,93931],{},"If you want list-style output, do this:",[65,93933,93934],{"className":67,"code":90683,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,93935,93936],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,93937,93938,93940,93942,93944,93946,93948,93950,93952],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,93939,103],{"class":102},[74,93941,107],{"class":106},[74,93943,7751],{"class":1345},[74,93945,107],{"class":106},[74,93947,59646],{"class":102},[74,93949,107],{"class":106},[74,93951,711],{"class":167},[74,93953,2555],{"class":106},[20,93955,157],{},[65,93957,93958],{"className":67,"code":59669,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,93959,93960],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,93961,93962,93964,93966,93968,93970,93972,93974,93976,93978,93980,93982],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,93963,742],{"class":106},[74,93965,327],{"class":167},[74,93967,249],{"class":106},[74,93969,5148],{"class":167},[74,93971,249],{"class":106},[74,93973,620],{"class":167},[74,93975,249],{"class":106},[74,93977,2094],{"class":167},[74,93979,249],{"class":106},[74,93981,2100],{"class":167},[74,93983,3284],{"class":106},[60,93985,914],{"id":913},[20,93987,93988],{},"These are the most common causes of confusion:",[30,93990,93991,93997,94000,94006],{},[33,93992,571,93993,93996],{},[15,93994,93995],{},"print(range(5))"," and expecting a list",[33,93998,93999],{},"Trying to call list methods on a range object",[33,94001,94002,94003,94005],{},"Not realizing that ",[15,94004,35854],{}," is iterable but not a list",[33,94007,571,94008,94010,94011,94013],{},[15,94009,92716],{}," when plain ",[15,94012,35854],{}," would be simpler",[20,94015,94016],{},"These quick checks can help:",[65,94018,94020],{"className":67,"code":94019,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\nprint(3 in range(5))\nprint(len(range(5)))\n",[15,94021,94022,94036,94054,94072,94094,94112],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,94023,94024,94026,94028,94030,94032,94034],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,94025,103],{"class":102},[74,94027,107],{"class":106},[74,94029,59646],{"class":102},[74,94031,107],{"class":106},[74,94033,711],{"class":167},[74,94035,130],{"class":106},[74,94037,94038,94040,94042,94044,94046,94048,94050,94052],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,94039,103],{"class":102},[74,94041,107],{"class":106},[74,94043,7751],{"class":1345},[74,94045,107],{"class":106},[74,94047,59646],{"class":102},[74,94049,107],{"class":106},[74,94051,711],{"class":167},[74,94053,2555],{"class":106},[74,94055,94056,94058,94060,94062,94064,94066,94068,94070],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,94057,103],{"class":102},[74,94059,107],{"class":106},[74,94061,1346],{"class":1345},[74,94063,107],{"class":106},[74,94065,59646],{"class":102},[74,94067,107],{"class":106},[74,94069,711],{"class":167},[74,94071,2555],{"class":106},[74,94073,94074,94076,94078,94080,94082,94084,94086,94088,94090,94092],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,94075,103],{"class":102},[74,94077,107],{"class":106},[74,94079,1346],{"class":1345},[74,94081,107],{"class":106},[74,94083,7751],{"class":1345},[74,94085,107],{"class":106},[74,94087,59646],{"class":102},[74,94089,107],{"class":106},[74,94091,711],{"class":167},[74,94093,93003],{"class":106},[74,94095,94096,94098,94100,94102,94104,94106,94108,94110],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,94097,103],{"class":102},[74,94099,107],{"class":106},[74,94101,321],{"class":167},[74,94103,20829],{"class":3529},[74,94105,53722],{"class":102},[74,94107,107],{"class":106},[74,94109,711],{"class":167},[74,94111,130],{"class":106},[74,94113,94114,94116,94118,94120,94122,94124,94126,94128],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,94115,103],{"class":102},[74,94117,107],{"class":106},[74,94119,10820],{"class":102},[74,94121,107],{"class":106},[74,94123,59646],{"class":102},[74,94125,107],{"class":106},[74,94127,711],{"class":167},[74,94129,2555],{"class":106},[20,94131,157],{},[65,94133,94135],{"className":67,"code":94134,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nTrue\n5\n",[15,94136,94137,94151,94175,94189,94203,94207],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,94138,94139,94141,94143,94145,94147,94149],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,94140,59646],{"class":102},[74,94142,107],{"class":106},[74,94144,327],{"class":167},[74,94146,249],{"class":106},[74,94148,651],{"class":167},[74,94150,260],{"class":106},[74,94152,94153,94155,94157,94159,94161,94163,94165,94167,94169,94171,94173],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,94154,742],{"class":106},[74,94156,327],{"class":167},[74,94158,249],{"class":106},[74,94160,5148],{"class":167},[74,94162,249],{"class":106},[74,94164,620],{"class":167},[74,94166,249],{"class":106},[74,94168,2094],{"class":167},[74,94170,249],{"class":106},[74,94172,2100],{"class":167},[74,94174,3284],{"class":106},[74,94176,94177,94179,94181,94183,94185,94187],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,94178,2935],{"class":84},[74,94180,2938],{"class":1711},[74,94182,2941],{"class":88},[74,94184,59646],{"class":92},[74,94186,2946],{"class":88},[74,94188,2949],{"class":84},[74,94190,94191,94193,94195,94197,94199,94201],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,94192,2935],{"class":84},[74,94194,2938],{"class":1711},[74,94196,2941],{"class":88},[74,94198,7751],{"class":92},[74,94200,2946],{"class":88},[74,94202,2949],{"class":84},[74,94204,94205],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,94206,3631],{"class":3504},[74,94208,94209],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,94210,2590],{"class":167},[60,94212,1471],{"id":1470},[262,94214,1485,94216,94218],{"id":94215},"is-range-a-list-in-python",[15,94217,35854],{}," a list in Python?",[20,94220,46019,94221,94223],{},[15,94222,35854],{}," returns a range object. It can be iterated over, but it is not a list.",[262,94225,94227,94228,10750,94230,2135],{"id":94226},"why-use-range-instead-of-listrange","Why use ",[15,94229,35854],{},[15,94231,92716],{},[20,94233,94234,94236,94237,94239],{},[15,94235,35854],{}," is better for loops and usually uses less memory. ",[15,94238,92716],{}," creates a full list.",[262,94241,94243],{"id":94242},"can-i-index-a-range-object","Can I index a range object?",[20,94245,94246],{},"Yes. A range object supports indexing, but it still is not a list.",[20,94248,506],{},[65,94250,94252],{"className":67,"code":94251,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"r = range(5)\nprint(r[1])\n",[15,94253,94254,94268],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,94255,94256,94258,94260,94262,94264,94266],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,94257,92855],{"class":80},[74,94259,85],{"class":84},[74,94261,53722],{"class":102},[74,94263,107],{"class":106},[74,94265,711],{"class":167},[74,94267,260],{"class":106},[74,94269,94270,94272,94274,94276,94278,94280],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,94271,103],{"class":102},[74,94273,107],{"class":106},[74,94275,60153],{"class":110},[74,94277,742],{"class":106},[74,94279,2632],{"class":167},[74,94281,751],{"class":106},[20,94283,157],{},[65,94285,94286],{"className":67,"code":669,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,94287,94288],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,94289,94290],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,94291,669],{"class":167},[262,94293,4808,94295,94297],{"id":94294},"why-does-printrange5-not-show-all-numbers",[15,94296,93995],{}," not show all numbers?",[20,94299,94300,94301,94304],{},"Because Python shows the range object representation. Use ",[15,94302,94303],{},"list(range(5))"," to display the numbers as a list.",[262,94306,94308,94309,94311],{"id":94307},"when-should-i-convert-range-to-a-list","When should I convert ",[15,94310,35854],{}," to a list?",[20,94313,94314],{},"Convert it when you need a real list, want list methods, or want clearer displayed output.",[60,94316,1527],{"id":1526},[30,94318,94319,94325,94331,94338,94344],{},[33,94320,94321],{},[125,94322,3223,94323,3156],{"href":92700},[15,94324,35854],{},[33,94326,94327],{},[125,94328,3223,94329,3156],{"href":64493},[15,94330,24437],{},[33,94332,94333],{},[125,94334,3223,94335,94337],{"href":93153},[15,94336,5609],{}," loops explained",[33,94339,94340],{},[125,94341,37174,94342,36265],{"href":93519},[15,94343,35406],{},[33,94345,94346],{},[125,94347,25776,94348],{"href":35076},[15,94349,33913],{},[1566,94351,94352],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code 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var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":70,"searchDepth":99,"depth":99,"links":94354},[94355,94356,94357,94359,94361,94363,94365,94366,94367,94368,94379],{"id":3255,"depth":99,"text":3256},{"id":92819,"depth":99,"text":92820},{"id":93051,"depth":99,"text":94358},"What range() gives you",{"id":93264,"depth":99,"text":94360},"What list(range()) gives you",{"id":93389,"depth":99,"text":94362},"When to use range()",{"id":93524,"depth":99,"text":94364},"When to use list(range())",{"id":15253,"depth":99,"text":15254},{"id":93843,"depth":99,"text":93844},{"id":913,"depth":99,"text":914},{"id":1470,"depth":99,"text":1471,"children":94369},[94370,94372,94374,94375,94377],{"id":94215,"depth":133,"text":94371},"Is range() a list in Python?",{"id":94226,"depth":133,"text":94373},"Why use range() instead of list(range())?",{"id":94242,"depth":133,"text":94243},{"id":94294,"depth":133,"text":94376},"Why does print(range(5)) not show all numbers?",{"id":94307,"depth":133,"text":94378},"When should I convert range() to a list?",{"id":1526,"depth":99,"text":1527},"Master python range vs listrange explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained",{"title":92706,"description":94380},"reference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained","rOnOrM8csHUwdMRaIQMxGCpXq2ANZXuGWJ3KxGj9cv8",{"id":94387,"title":94388,"body":94389,"description":95825,"extension":1610,"meta":95826,"navigation":407,"path":95827,"seo":95828,"stem":95829,"__hash__":95830},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained.md","Python round() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":94390,"toc":95791},[94391,94397,94402,94405,94419,94422,94424,94463,94465,94478,94486,94491,94507,94510,94512,94514,94535,94552,94555,94614,94616,94635,94640,94646,94649,94683,94685,94698,94701,94746,94748,94771,94778,94784,94787,94828,94830,94844,94847,94905,94907,94922,94935,94941,94947,95012,95014,95033,95035,95053,95056,95060,95066,95068,95101,95103,95116,95126,95129,95190,95192,95213,95216,95218,95234,95239,95243,95248,95253,95309,95311,95329,95332,95377,95379,95387,95392,95396,95410,95412,95444,95446,95455,95457,95461,95470,95473,95505,95507,95519,95522,95526,95531,95572,95574,95582,95585,95608,95612,95614,95623,95626,95679,95681,95690,95694,95699,95710,95712,95721,95724,95730,95733,95739,95749,95757,95764,95766,95788],[10,94392,3223,94394,3227],{"id":94393},"python-round-function-explained",[15,94395,94396],{},"round()",[20,94398,8778,94399,94401],{},[15,94400,94396],{}," function returns a rounded version of a number.",[20,94403,94404],{},"You can use it in two common ways:",[30,94406,94407,94413],{},[33,94408,94409,94412],{},[15,94410,94411],{},"round(number)"," rounds to the nearest whole number",[33,94414,94415,94418],{},[15,94416,94417],{},"round(number, digits)"," rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,94420,94421],{},"This is useful when you want cleaner numeric output or when you need to limit decimal places in a result.",[60,94423,63],{"id":62},[65,94425,94427],{"className":67,"code":94426,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(round(3.14159))\nprint(round(3.14159, 2))\n",[15,94428,94429,94445],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,94430,94431,94433,94435,94438,94440,94443],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,94432,103],{"class":102},[74,94434,107],{"class":106},[74,94436,94437],{"class":102},"round",[74,94439,107],{"class":106},[74,94441,94442],{"class":167},"3.14159",[74,94444,130],{"class":106},[74,94446,94447,94449,94451,94453,94455,94457,94459,94461],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,94448,103],{"class":102},[74,94450,107],{"class":106},[74,94452,94437],{"class":102},[74,94454,107],{"class":106},[74,94456,94442],{"class":167},[74,94458,249],{"class":106},[74,94460,620],{"class":167},[74,94462,130],{"class":106},[20,94464,157],{},[65,94466,94468],{"className":67,"code":94467,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"3\n3.14\n",[15,94469,94470,94474],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,94471,94472],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,94473,168],{"class":167},[74,94475,94476],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,94477,39834],{"class":167},[20,94479,176,94480,94482,94483,94485],{},[15,94481,94411],{}," to round to the nearest whole number, or ",[15,94484,94417],{}," to keep a set number of decimal places.",[60,94487,3328,94489,38],{"id":94488},"what-round-does",[15,94490,94396],{},[30,94492,94493,94498,94501,94504],{},[33,94494,94495,94497],{},[15,94496,94396],{}," is a built-in Python function",[33,94499,94500],{},"It returns a rounded version of a number",[33,94502,94503],{},"With one argument, it rounds to the nearest integer",[33,94505,94506],{},"With two arguments, it rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,94508,94509],{},"You do not need to import anything to use it.",[60,94511,227],{"id":226},[20,94513,1802],{},[65,94515,94517],{"className":67,"code":94516,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"round(number[, ndigits])\n",[15,94518,94519],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,94520,94521,94523,94525,94527,94530,94533],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,94522,94437],{"class":102},[74,94524,107],{"class":106},[74,94526,1881],{"class":110},[74,94528,94529],{"class":106},"[,",[74,94531,94532],{"class":110}," ndigits",[74,94534,751],{"class":106},[30,94536,94537,94542,94547],{},[33,94538,94539,94541],{},[15,94540,1881],{}," is the value to round",[33,94543,94544,19694],{},[15,94545,94546],{},"ndigits",[33,94548,94549,94551],{},[15,94550,94546],{}," can be positive, zero, or negative",[20,94553,94554],{},"Basic examples:",[65,94556,94558],{"className":67,"code":94557,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(round(7.8))\nprint(round(7.8, 1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\n",[15,94559,94560,94575,94593],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,94561,94562,94564,94566,94568,94570,94573],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,94563,103],{"class":102},[74,94565,107],{"class":106},[74,94567,94437],{"class":102},[74,94569,107],{"class":106},[74,94571,94572],{"class":167},"7.8",[74,94574,130],{"class":106},[74,94576,94577,94579,94581,94583,94585,94587,94589,94591],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,94578,103],{"class":102},[74,94580,107],{"class":106},[74,94582,94437],{"class":102},[74,94584,107],{"class":106},[74,94586,94572],{"class":167},[74,94588,249],{"class":106},[74,94590,5148],{"class":167},[74,94592,130],{"class":106},[74,94594,94595,94597,94599,94601,94603,94606,94608,94610,94612],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,94596,103],{"class":102},[74,94598,107],{"class":106},[74,94600,94437],{"class":102},[74,94602,107],{"class":106},[74,94604,94605],{"class":167},"1234",[74,94607,249],{"class":106},[74,94609,1864],{"class":84},[74,94611,687],{"class":167},[74,94613,130],{"class":106},[20,94615,157],{},[65,94617,94619],{"className":67,"code":94618,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"8\n7.8\n1200\n",[15,94620,94621,94625,94630],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,94622,94623],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,94624,2023],{"class":167},[74,94626,94627],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,94628,94629],{"class":167},"7.8\n",[74,94631,94632],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,94633,94634],{"class":167},"1200\n",[20,94636,94637,94638,114],{},"If you are still getting used to Python number types, see ",[125,94639,2062],{"href":2061},[60,94641,571,94643,94645],{"id":94642},"using-round-with-one-argument",[15,94644,94396],{}," with one argument",[20,94647,94648],{},"When you pass only one argument, Python rounds to the nearest whole number.",[65,94650,94652],{"className":67,"code":94651,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(round(4.2))\nprint(round(4.8))\n",[15,94653,94654,94668],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,94655,94656,94658,94660,94662,94664,94666],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,94657,103],{"class":102},[74,94659,107],{"class":106},[74,94661,94437],{"class":102},[74,94663,107],{"class":106},[74,94665,2004],{"class":167},[74,94667,130],{"class":106},[74,94669,94670,94672,94674,94676,94678,94681],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,94671,103],{"class":102},[74,94673,107],{"class":106},[74,94675,94437],{"class":102},[74,94677,107],{"class":106},[74,94679,94680],{"class":167},"4.8",[74,94682,130],{"class":106},[20,94684,157],{},[65,94686,94688],{"className":67,"code":94687,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"4\n5\n",[15,94689,94690,94694],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,94691,94692],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,94693,48302],{"class":167},[74,94695,94696],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,94697,2590],{"class":167},[20,94699,94700],{},"With a normal float, the result is usually an integer:",[65,94702,94704],{"className":67,"code":94703,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"result = round(10.2)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,94705,94706,94722,94732],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,94707,94708,94710,94712,94715,94717,94720],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,94709,383],{"class":80},[74,94711,85],{"class":84},[74,94713,94714],{"class":102}," round",[74,94716,107],{"class":106},[74,94718,94719],{"class":167},"10.2",[74,94721,260],{"class":106},[74,94723,94724,94726,94728,94730],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,94725,103],{"class":102},[74,94727,107],{"class":106},[74,94729,418],{"class":110},[74,94731,260],{"class":106},[74,94733,94734,94736,94738,94740,94742,94744],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,94735,103],{"class":102},[74,94737,107],{"class":106},[74,94739,1346],{"class":1345},[74,94741,107],{"class":106},[74,94743,418],{"class":110},[74,94745,130],{"class":106},[20,94747,157],{},[65,94749,94751],{"className":67,"code":94750,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"10\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,94752,94753,94757],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,94754,94755],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,94756,2018],{"class":167},[74,94758,94759,94761,94763,94765,94767,94769],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,94760,2935],{"class":84},[74,94762,2938],{"class":1711},[74,94764,2941],{"class":88},[74,94766,1831],{"class":92},[74,94768,2946],{"class":88},[74,94770,2949],{"class":84},[20,94772,94773,94774,114],{},"If you need to convert values directly to integers without rounding rules, compare this with ",[125,94775,3223,94776,3156],{"href":2518},[15,94777,2521],{},[60,94779,571,94781,94783],{"id":94780},"using-round-with-decimal-places",[15,94782,94396],{}," with decimal places",[20,94785,94786],{},"You can pass a second argument to control how many decimal places to keep.",[65,94788,94790],{"className":67,"code":94789,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(round(3.14159, 2))\nprint(round(3.14159, 3))\n",[15,94791,94792,94810],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,94793,94794,94796,94798,94800,94802,94804,94806,94808],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,94795,103],{"class":102},[74,94797,107],{"class":106},[74,94799,94437],{"class":102},[74,94801,107],{"class":106},[74,94803,94442],{"class":167},[74,94805,249],{"class":106},[74,94807,620],{"class":167},[74,94809,130],{"class":106},[74,94811,94812,94814,94816,94818,94820,94822,94824,94826],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,94813,103],{"class":102},[74,94815,107],{"class":106},[74,94817,94437],{"class":102},[74,94819,107],{"class":106},[74,94821,94442],{"class":167},[74,94823,249],{"class":106},[74,94825,2094],{"class":167},[74,94827,130],{"class":106},[20,94829,157],{},[65,94831,94833],{"className":67,"code":94832,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"3.14\n3.142\n",[15,94834,94835,94839],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,94836,94837],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,94838,39834],{"class":167},[74,94840,94841],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,94842,94843],{"class":167},"3.142\n",[20,94845,94846],{},"This is helpful when you want a simpler numeric value for calculations or reporting.",[65,94848,94850],{"className":67,"code":94849,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"price = 19.9876\nrounded_price = round(price, 2)\n\nprint(price)\nprint(rounded_price)\n",[15,94851,94852,94861,94880,94884,94894],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,94853,94854,94856,94858],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,94855,40044],{"class":80},[74,94857,85],{"class":84},[74,94859,94860],{"class":167}," 19.9876\n",[74,94862,94863,94866,94868,94870,94872,94874,94876,94878],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,94864,94865],{"class":80},"rounded_price ",[74,94867,85],{"class":84},[74,94869,94714],{"class":102},[74,94871,107],{"class":106},[74,94873,24806],{"class":110},[74,94875,249],{"class":106},[74,94877,620],{"class":167},[74,94879,260],{"class":106},[74,94881,94882],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,94883,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,94885,94886,94888,94890,94892],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,94887,103],{"class":102},[74,94889,107],{"class":106},[74,94891,24806],{"class":110},[74,94893,260],{"class":106},[74,94895,94896,94898,94900,94903],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,94897,103],{"class":102},[74,94899,107],{"class":106},[74,94901,94902],{"class":110},"rounded_price",[74,94904,260],{"class":106},[20,94906,157],{},[65,94908,94910],{"className":67,"code":94909,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"19.9876\n19.99\n",[15,94911,94912,94917],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,94913,94914],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,94915,94916],{"class":167},"19.9876\n",[74,94918,94919],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,94920,94921],{"class":167},"19.99\n",[20,94923,94924,94925,94928,94929,339,94931,114],{},"If you need to convert text such as ",[15,94926,94927],{},"\"3.14159\""," before rounding, see ",[125,94930,40549],{"href":40548},[125,94932,3223,94933,3156],{"href":2524},[15,94934,2527],{},[60,94936,94938,94939],{"id":94937},"using-negative-ndigits","Using negative ",[15,94940,94546],{},[20,94942,94943,94944,94946],{},"A negative ",[15,94945,94546],{}," value rounds to tens, hundreds, or larger place values.",[65,94948,94950],{"className":67,"code":94949,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(round(1234, -1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\nprint(round(1234, -3))\n",[15,94951,94952,94972,94992],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,94953,94954,94956,94958,94960,94962,94964,94966,94968,94970],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,94955,103],{"class":102},[74,94957,107],{"class":106},[74,94959,94437],{"class":102},[74,94961,107],{"class":106},[74,94963,94605],{"class":167},[74,94965,249],{"class":106},[74,94967,1864],{"class":84},[74,94969,2632],{"class":167},[74,94971,130],{"class":106},[74,94973,94974,94976,94978,94980,94982,94984,94986,94988,94990],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,94975,103],{"class":102},[74,94977,107],{"class":106},[74,94979,94437],{"class":102},[74,94981,107],{"class":106},[74,94983,94605],{"class":167},[74,94985,249],{"class":106},[74,94987,1864],{"class":84},[74,94989,687],{"class":167},[74,94991,130],{"class":106},[74,94993,94994,94996,94998,95000,95002,95004,95006,95008,95010],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,94995,103],{"class":102},[74,94997,107],{"class":106},[74,94999,94437],{"class":102},[74,95001,107],{"class":106},[74,95003,94605],{"class":167},[74,95005,249],{"class":106},[74,95007,1864],{"class":84},[74,95009,321],{"class":167},[74,95011,130],{"class":106},[20,95013,157],{},[65,95015,95017],{"className":67,"code":95016,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"1230\n1200\n1000\n",[15,95018,95019,95024,95028],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,95020,95021],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,95022,95023],{"class":167},"1230\n",[74,95025,95026],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,95027,94634],{"class":167},[74,95029,95030],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,95031,95032],{"class":167},"1000\n",[20,95034,65226],{},[30,95036,95037,95042,95048],{},[33,95038,95039,95041],{},[15,95040,65496],{}," rounds to the nearest 10",[33,95043,95044,95047],{},[15,95045,95046],{},"-2"," rounds to the nearest 100",[33,95049,95050,95052],{},[15,95051,47323],{}," rounds to the nearest 1000",[20,95054,95055],{},"This can be useful when you want less precise but easier-to-read numbers.",[60,95057,95059],{"id":95058},"important-behavior-beginners-notice","Important behavior beginners notice",[20,95061,95062,95063,114],{},"Some results may look surprising with numbers ending in ",[15,95064,95065],{},".5",[20,95067,5122],{},[65,95069,95071],{"className":67,"code":95070,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\n",[15,95072,95073,95087],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,95074,95075,95077,95079,95081,95083,95085],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,95076,103],{"class":102},[74,95078,107],{"class":106},[74,95080,94437],{"class":102},[74,95082,107],{"class":106},[74,95084,40815],{"class":167},[74,95086,130],{"class":106},[74,95088,95089,95091,95093,95095,95097,95099],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,95090,103],{"class":102},[74,95092,107],{"class":106},[74,95094,94437],{"class":102},[74,95096,107],{"class":106},[74,95098,1687],{"class":167},[74,95100,130],{"class":106},[20,95102,157],{},[65,95104,95106],{"className":67,"code":95105,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"2\n4\n",[15,95107,95108,95112],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,95109,95110],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,95111,173],{"class":167},[74,95113,95114],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,95115,48302],{"class":167},[20,95117,95118,95119,95122,95123,95125],{},"Python uses ",[332,95120,95121],{},"banker's rounding"," in tie cases. That means it rounds to the nearest even number in some ",[15,95124,95065],{}," situations.",[20,95127,95128],{},"More examples:",[65,95130,95132],{"className":67,"code":95131,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(round(1.5))\nprint(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\nprint(round(4.5))\n",[15,95133,95134,95148,95162,95176],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,95135,95136,95138,95140,95142,95144,95146],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,95137,103],{"class":102},[74,95139,107],{"class":106},[74,95141,94437],{"class":102},[74,95143,107],{"class":106},[74,95145,40828],{"class":167},[74,95147,130],{"class":106},[74,95149,95150,95152,95154,95156,95158,95160],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,95151,103],{"class":102},[74,95153,107],{"class":106},[74,95155,94437],{"class":102},[74,95157,107],{"class":106},[74,95159,40815],{"class":167},[74,95161,130],{"class":106},[74,95163,95164,95166,95168,95170,95172,95174],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,95165,103],{"class":102},[74,95167,107],{"class":106},[74,95169,94437],{"class":102},[74,95171,107],{"class":106},[74,95173,1687],{"class":167},[74,95175,130],{"class":106},[74,95177,95178,95180,95182,95184,95186,95188],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,95179,103],{"class":102},[74,95181,107],{"class":106},[74,95183,94437],{"class":102},[74,95185,107],{"class":106},[74,95187,40780],{"class":167},[74,95189,130],{"class":106},[20,95191,157],{},[65,95193,95195],{"className":67,"code":95194,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"2\n2\n4\n4\n",[15,95196,95197,95201,95205,95209],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,95198,95199],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,95200,173],{"class":167},[74,95202,95203],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,95204,173],{"class":167},[74,95206,95207],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,95208,48302],{"class":167},[74,95210,95211],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,95212,48302],{"class":167},[20,95214,95215],{},"This is normal Python behavior, not a bug.",[20,95217,10371],{},[30,95219,95220,95227],{},[33,95221,95222,1777,95225],{},[15,95223,95224],{},"round(2.5)",[15,95226,687],{},[33,95228,95229,1777,95232],{},[15,95230,95231],{},"round(3.5)",[15,95233,2148],{},[20,95235,2814,95236,95238],{},[15,95237,95065],{}," to always round upward, this behavior can be confusing at first.",[60,95240,95242],{"id":95241},"return-values","Return values",[20,95244,95245,95247],{},[15,95246,94396],{}," returns the rounded value.",[20,95249,330,95250,95252],{},[332,95251,334],{}," change the original variable unless you save the result.",[65,95254,95256],{"className":67,"code":95255,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"value = 3.14159\n\nprint(value)\nprint(round(value, 2))\nprint(value)\n",[15,95257,95258,95267,95271,95281,95299],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,95259,95260,95262,95264],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,95261,2089],{"class":80},[74,95263,85],{"class":84},[74,95265,95266],{"class":167}," 3.14159\n",[74,95268,95269],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,95270,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,95272,95273,95275,95277,95279],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,95274,103],{"class":102},[74,95276,107],{"class":106},[74,95278,246],{"class":110},[74,95280,260],{"class":106},[74,95282,95283,95285,95287,95289,95291,95293,95295,95297],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,95284,103],{"class":102},[74,95286,107],{"class":106},[74,95288,94437],{"class":102},[74,95290,107],{"class":106},[74,95292,246],{"class":110},[74,95294,249],{"class":106},[74,95296,620],{"class":167},[74,95298,130],{"class":106},[74,95300,95301,95303,95305,95307],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,95302,103],{"class":102},[74,95304,107],{"class":106},[74,95306,246],{"class":110},[74,95308,260],{"class":106},[20,95310,157],{},[65,95312,95314],{"className":67,"code":95313,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"3.14159\n3.14\n3.14159\n",[15,95315,95316,95321,95325],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,95317,95318],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,95319,95320],{"class":167},"3.14159\n",[74,95322,95323],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,95324,39834],{"class":167},[74,95326,95327],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,95328,95320],{"class":167},[20,95330,95331],{},"If you want to keep the rounded value, assign it:",[65,95333,95335],{"className":67,"code":95334,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"value = 3.14159\nvalue = round(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,95336,95337,95345,95363,95367],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,95338,95339,95341,95343],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,95340,2089],{"class":80},[74,95342,85],{"class":84},[74,95344,95266],{"class":167},[74,95346,95347,95349,95351,95353,95355,95357,95359,95361],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,95348,2089],{"class":80},[74,95350,85],{"class":84},[74,95352,94714],{"class":102},[74,95354,107],{"class":106},[74,95356,246],{"class":110},[74,95358,249],{"class":106},[74,95360,620],{"class":167},[74,95362,260],{"class":106},[74,95364,95365],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,95366,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,95368,95369,95371,95373,95375],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,95370,103],{"class":102},[74,95372,107],{"class":106},[74,95374,246],{"class":110},[74,95376,260],{"class":106},[20,95378,157],{},[65,95380,95381],{"className":67,"code":39834,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,95382,95383],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,95384,95385],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,95386,39834],{"class":167},[60,95388,1260,95390],{"id":95389},"when-to-use-round",[15,95391,94396],{},[20,95393,176,95394,5970],{},[15,95395,94396],{},[30,95397,95398,95401,95404,95407],{},[33,95399,95400],{},"Display simpler numeric output",[33,95402,95403],{},"Limit decimal places in calculations",[33,95405,95406],{},"Round values before reporting results",[33,95408,95409],{},"Prepare numbers for easier reading",[20,95411,5122],{},[65,95413,95415],{"className":67,"code":95414,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"distance = 12.67891\nprint(round(distance, 2))\n",[15,95416,95417,95426],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,95418,95419,95421,95423],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,95420,2240],{"class":80},[74,95422,85],{"class":84},[74,95424,95425],{"class":167}," 12.67891\n",[74,95427,95428,95430,95432,95434,95436,95438,95440,95442],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,95429,103],{"class":102},[74,95431,107],{"class":106},[74,95433,94437],{"class":102},[74,95435,107],{"class":106},[74,95437,2263],{"class":110},[74,95439,249],{"class":106},[74,95441,620],{"class":167},[74,95443,130],{"class":106},[20,95445,157],{},[65,95447,95449],{"className":67,"code":95448,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"12.68\n",[15,95450,95451],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,95452,95453],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,95454,95448],{"class":167},[60,95456,914],{"id":913},[20,95458,917,95459,114],{},[15,95460,94396],{},[262,95462,923,95464,95466,95467,95469],{"id":95463},"expecting-round-to-always-round-5-upward",[15,95465,94396],{}," to always round ",[15,95468,95065],{}," upward",[20,95471,95472],{},"This is one of the most common surprises.",[65,95474,95475],{"className":67,"code":95070,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,95476,95477,95491],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,95478,95479,95481,95483,95485,95487,95489],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,95480,103],{"class":102},[74,95482,107],{"class":106},[74,95484,94437],{"class":102},[74,95486,107],{"class":106},[74,95488,40815],{"class":167},[74,95490,130],{"class":106},[74,95492,95493,95495,95497,95499,95501,95503],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,95494,103],{"class":102},[74,95496,107],{"class":106},[74,95498,94437],{"class":102},[74,95500,107],{"class":106},[74,95502,1687],{"class":167},[74,95504,130],{"class":106},[20,95506,157],{},[65,95508,95509],{"className":67,"code":95105,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,95510,95511,95515],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,95512,95513],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,95514,173],{"class":167},[74,95516,95517],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,95518,48302],{"class":167},[20,95520,95521],{},"Python may round tie values to the nearest even number.",[262,95523,95525],{"id":95524},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-value","Forgetting to save the returned value",[20,95527,95528,95530],{},[15,95529,94396],{}," returns a new value. It does not update the old one by itself.",[65,95532,95534],{"className":67,"code":95533,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"value = 3.14159\nround(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,95535,95536,95544,95558,95562],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,95537,95538,95540,95542],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,95539,2089],{"class":80},[74,95541,85],{"class":84},[74,95543,95266],{"class":167},[74,95545,95546,95548,95550,95552,95554,95556],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,95547,94437],{"class":102},[74,95549,107],{"class":106},[74,95551,246],{"class":110},[74,95553,249],{"class":106},[74,95555,620],{"class":167},[74,95557,260],{"class":106},[74,95559,95560],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,95561,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,95563,95564,95566,95568,95570],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,95565,103],{"class":102},[74,95567,107],{"class":106},[74,95569,246],{"class":110},[74,95571,260],{"class":106},[20,95573,157],{},[65,95575,95576],{"className":67,"code":95320,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,95577,95578],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,95579,95580],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,95581,95320],{"class":167},[20,95583,95584],{},"To keep the rounded result:",[65,95586,95588],{"className":67,"code":95587,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"value = round(value, 2)\n",[15,95589,95590],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,95591,95592,95594,95596,95598,95600,95602,95604,95606],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,95593,2089],{"class":80},[74,95595,85],{"class":84},[74,95597,94714],{"class":102},[74,95599,107],{"class":106},[74,95601,246],{"class":110},[74,95603,249],{"class":106},[74,95605,620],{"class":167},[74,95607,260],{"class":106},[262,95609,95611],{"id":95610},"passing-a-string-instead-of-a-number","Passing a string instead of a number",[20,95613,16059],{},[65,95615,95617],{"className":67,"code":95616,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"# print(round(\"3.14\", 1))\n",[15,95618,95619],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,95620,95621],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,95622,95616],{"class":3314},[20,95624,95625],{},"You need to convert the string first:",[65,95627,95629],{"className":67,"code":95628,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"3.14\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(round(number, 1))\n",[15,95630,95631,95643,95657,95661],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,95632,95633,95635,95637,95639,95641],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,95634,81],{"class":80},[74,95636,85],{"class":84},[74,95638,89],{"class":88},[74,95640,39800],{"class":92},[74,95642,96],{"class":88},[74,95644,95645,95647,95649,95651,95653,95655],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,95646,1859],{"class":80},[74,95648,85],{"class":84},[74,95650,39912],{"class":1345},[74,95652,107],{"class":106},[74,95654,111],{"class":110},[74,95656,260],{"class":106},[74,95658,95659],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,95660,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,95662,95663,95665,95667,95669,95671,95673,95675,95677],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,95664,103],{"class":102},[74,95666,107],{"class":106},[74,95668,94437],{"class":102},[74,95670,107],{"class":106},[74,95672,1881],{"class":110},[74,95674,249],{"class":106},[74,95676,5148],{"class":167},[74,95678,130],{"class":106},[20,95680,157],{},[65,95682,95684],{"className":67,"code":95683,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"3.1\n",[15,95685,95686],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,95687,95688],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,95689,95683],{"class":167},[262,95691,95693],{"id":95692},"confusing-rounding-a-value-with-formatting-text-output","Confusing rounding a value with formatting text output",[20,95695,95696,95698],{},[15,95697,94396],{}," changes the numeric value it returns. It is not the same as formatting text for display.",[20,95700,95701,95702,339,95706,114],{},"If your data starts as text, convert it first with ",[125,95703,95704],{"href":2524},[15,95705,2527],{},[125,95707,95708],{"href":2518},[15,95709,2521],{},[60,95711,1471],{"id":1470},[262,95713,1517,95715,95717,95718,95720],{"id":95714},"does-round-always-round-05-up",[15,95716,94396],{}," always round ",[15,95719,39871],{}," up?",[20,95722,95723],{},"No. In tie cases, Python may round to the nearest even number.",[262,95725,1517,95727,95729],{"id":95726},"does-round-change-the-original-number",[15,95728,94396],{}," change the original number?",[20,95731,95732],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to keep it.",[262,95734,1507,95736,95738],{"id":95735},"can-round-round-to-tens-or-hundreds",[15,95737,94396],{}," round to tens or hundreds?",[20,95740,95741,95742,95744,95745,339,95747,114],{},"Yes. Use a negative ",[15,95743,94546],{}," value like ",[15,95746,65496],{},[15,95748,95046],{},[262,95750,27983,95752,95754,95755,2135],{"id":95751},"can-i-use-round-on-a-string-like-314",[15,95753,94396],{}," on a string like ",[15,95756,47746],{},[20,95758,95759,95760,339,95762,114],{},"Not directly. Convert the string first with ",[15,95761,2527],{},[15,95763,2521],{},[60,95765,1527],{"id":1526},[30,95767,95768,95774,95780,95784],{},[33,95769,95770],{},[125,95771,3223,95772,3156],{"href":2524},[15,95773,2527],{},[33,95775,95776],{},[125,95777,3223,95778,3156],{"href":2518},[15,95779,2521],{},[33,95781,95782],{},[125,95783,2062],{"href":2061},[33,95785,95786],{},[125,95787,41836],{"href":40548},[1566,95789,95790],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":70,"searchDepth":99,"depth":99,"links":95792},[95793,95794,95796,95797,95799,95801,95803,95804,95805,95807,95814,95824],{"id":62,"depth":99,"text":63},{"id":94488,"depth":99,"text":95795},"What round() does",{"id":226,"depth":99,"text":227},{"id":94642,"depth":99,"text":95798},"Using round() with one argument",{"id":94780,"depth":99,"text":95800},"Using round() with decimal places",{"id":94937,"depth":99,"text":95802},"Using negative ndigits",{"id":95058,"depth":99,"text":95059},{"id":95241,"depth":99,"text":95242},{"id":95389,"depth":99,"text":95806},"When to use round()",{"id":913,"depth":99,"text":914,"children":95808},[95809,95811,95812,95813],{"id":95463,"depth":133,"text":95810},"Expecting round() to always round .5 upward",{"id":95524,"depth":133,"text":95525},{"id":95610,"depth":133,"text":95611},{"id":95692,"depth":133,"text":95693},{"id":1470,"depth":99,"text":1471,"children":95815},[95816,95818,95820,95822],{"id":95714,"depth":133,"text":95817},"Does round() always round 0.5 up?",{"id":95726,"depth":133,"text":95819},"Does round() change the original number?",{"id":95735,"depth":133,"text":95821},"Can round() round to tens or hundreds?",{"id":95751,"depth":133,"text":95823},"Can I use round() on a string like \"3.14\"?",{"id":1526,"depth":99,"text":1527},"Master python round function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained",{"title":94388,"description":95825},"reference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained","e0t8hwZaUiwtmjnn3D5wfXRBmBmXDud37ro5ZcnR9iM",{"id":95832,"title":95833,"body":95834,"description":97019,"extension":1610,"meta":97020,"navigation":407,"path":97021,"seo":97022,"stem":97023,"__hash__":97024},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method.md","Python Set add() Method",{"type":7,"value":95835,"toc":96993},[95836,95843,95849,95852,95854,95903,95907,95932,95937,95942,95947,95961,95972,95974,95993,95995,96011,96014,96025,96027,96029,96090,96094,96127,96134,96141,96144,96177,96180,96184,96187,96240,96244,96265,96271,96278,96285,96346,96354,96431,96435,96447,96456,96458,96464,96470,96474,96527,96530,96588,96592,96600,96603,96607,96610,96620,96622,96719,96722,96733,96736,96779,96783,96807,96810,96816,96818,96822,96847,96849,96916,96925,96927,96933,96938,96942,96945,96949,96956,96960,96965,96967,96984,96990],[10,95837,95839,95840,18],{"id":95838},"python-set-add-method","Python Set ",[15,95841,95842],{},"add()",[20,95844,95845,95848],{},[15,95846,95847],{},"set.add()"," adds one item to a set.",[20,95850,95851],{},"Use it when you want to put a single value into an existing set. If that value is not already present, Python adds it. If it is already in the set, nothing changes.",[60,95853,63],{"id":62},[65,95855,95857],{"className":67,"code":95856,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(4)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,95858,95859,95879,95893],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,95860,95861,95863,95865,95867,95869,95871,95873,95875,95877],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,95862,3266],{"class":80},[74,95864,85],{"class":84},[74,95866,10148],{"class":106},[74,95868,2632],{"class":167},[74,95870,249],{"class":106},[74,95872,620],{"class":167},[74,95874,249],{"class":106},[74,95876,2094],{"class":167},[74,95878,8965],{"class":106},[74,95880,95881,95883,95885,95887,95889,95891],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,95882,3298],{"class":80},[74,95884,114],{"class":106},[74,95886,81743],{"class":110},[74,95888,107],{"class":106},[74,95890,2148],{"class":167},[74,95892,260],{"class":106},[74,95894,95895,95897,95899,95901],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,95896,103],{"class":102},[74,95898,107],{"class":106},[74,95900,3298],{"class":110},[74,95902,260],{"class":106},[20,95904,95905],{},[332,95906,157],{},[65,95908,95910],{"className":67,"code":95909,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,95911,95912],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,95913,95914,95916,95918,95920,95922,95924,95926,95928,95930],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,95915,8934],{"class":106},[74,95917,2632],{"class":167},[74,95919,249],{"class":106},[74,95921,620],{"class":167},[74,95923,249],{"class":106},[74,95925,2094],{"class":167},[74,95927,249],{"class":106},[74,95929,2100],{"class":167},[74,95931,8965],{"class":106},[20,95933,176,95934,95936],{},[15,95935,95842],{}," to put one value into a set. If the value is already in the set, nothing changes.",[60,95938,3328,95940,38],{"id":95939},"what-setadd-does",[15,95941,95847],{},[20,95943,95944,95946],{},[15,95945,95847],{}," is a built-in set method that:",[30,95948,95949,95952,95955,95958],{},[33,95950,95951],{},"Adds one item to a set",[33,95953,95954],{},"Changes the original set in place",[33,95956,95957],{},"Does not return a new set",[33,95959,95960],{},"Leaves the set unchanged if the item already exists",[20,95962,95963,95964,339,95968,114],{},"If you are new to sets, see ",[125,95965,95967],{"href":95966},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained","Python sets explained",[125,95969,95971],{"href":95970},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","how to create a set in Python",[60,95973,227],{"id":226},[65,95975,95977],{"className":67,"code":95976,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"my_set.add(item)\n",[15,95978,95979],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,95980,95981,95983,95985,95987,95989,95991],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,95982,15324],{"class":80},[74,95984,114],{"class":106},[74,95986,81743],{"class":110},[74,95988,107],{"class":106},[74,95990,22966],{"class":110},[74,95992,260],{"class":106},[20,95994,11117],{},[30,95996,95997,96002,96005],{},[33,95998,55561,95999,96001],{},[15,96000,95842],{}," on an existing set",[33,96003,96004],{},"Pass exactly one item",[33,96006,96007,96008],{},"The item must be ",[332,96009,96010],{},"hashable",[20,96012,96013],{},"A hashable value is a value Python can safely store in a set. Common hashable values include:",[30,96015,96016,96018,96020,96023],{},[33,96017,56114],{},[33,96019,56117],{},[33,96021,96022],{},"Tuples",[33,96024,40252],{},[60,96026,357],{"id":356},[20,96028,11135],{},[65,96030,96032],{"className":67,"code":96031,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.add(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,96033,96034,96058,96076,96080],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,96035,96036,96038,96040,96042,96044,96046,96048,96050,96052,96054,96056],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,96037,12732],{"class":80},[74,96039,85],{"class":84},[74,96041,10148],{"class":106},[74,96043,122],{"class":88},[74,96045,12749],{"class":92},[74,96047,122],{"class":88},[74,96049,249],{"class":106},[74,96051,89],{"class":88},[74,96053,12766],{"class":92},[74,96055,122],{"class":88},[74,96057,8965],{"class":106},[74,96059,96060,96062,96064,96066,96068,96070,96072,96074],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,96061,17157],{"class":80},[74,96063,114],{"class":106},[74,96065,81743],{"class":110},[74,96067,107],{"class":106},[74,96069,122],{"class":88},[74,96071,17110],{"class":92},[74,96073,122],{"class":88},[74,96075,260],{"class":106},[74,96077,96078],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,96079,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,96081,96082,96084,96086,96088],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,96083,103],{"class":102},[74,96085,107],{"class":106},[74,96087,17157],{"class":110},[74,96089,260],{"class":106},[20,96091,96092],{},[332,96093,29685],{},[65,96095,96097],{"className":67,"code":96096,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"{'red', 'green', 'blue'}\n",[15,96098,96099],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,96100,96101,96103,96105,96107,96109,96111,96113,96115,96117,96119,96121,96123,96125],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,96102,8934],{"class":106},[74,96104,2946],{"class":88},[74,96106,12749],{"class":92},[74,96108,2946],{"class":88},[74,96110,249],{"class":106},[74,96112,2941],{"class":88},[74,96114,17110],{"class":92},[74,96116,2946],{"class":88},[74,96118,249],{"class":106},[74,96120,2941],{"class":88},[74,96122,12766],{"class":92},[74,96124,2946],{"class":88},[74,96126,8965],{"class":106},[20,96128,96129,96130,96133],{},"The new value ",[15,96131,96132],{},"\"green\""," was added to the set.",[20,96135,96136,96137,96140],{},"One important thing to remember: ",[332,96138,96139],{},"sets are unordered collections",". That means you should not rely on the printed order of values.",[20,96142,96143],{},"For example, this is also valid output:",[65,96145,96147],{"className":67,"code":96146,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"{'blue', 'red', 'green'}\n",[15,96148,96149],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,96150,96151,96153,96155,96157,96159,96161,96163,96165,96167,96169,96171,96173,96175],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,96152,8934],{"class":106},[74,96154,2946],{"class":88},[74,96156,12766],{"class":92},[74,96158,2946],{"class":88},[74,96160,249],{"class":106},[74,96162,2941],{"class":88},[74,96164,12749],{"class":92},[74,96166,2946],{"class":88},[74,96168,249],{"class":106},[74,96170,2941],{"class":88},[74,96172,17110],{"class":92},[74,96174,2946],{"class":88},[74,96176,8965],{"class":106},[20,96178,96179],{},"The values are the same. Only the display order is different.",[60,96181,96183],{"id":96182},"what-happens-with-duplicate-values","What happens with duplicate values",[20,96185,96186],{},"Sets store unique values only. If you try to add a value that is already in the set, Python does not raise an error.",[65,96188,96190],{"className":67,"code":96189,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,96191,96192,96212,96226,96230],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,96193,96194,96196,96198,96200,96202,96204,96206,96208,96210],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,96195,3266],{"class":80},[74,96197,85],{"class":84},[74,96199,10148],{"class":106},[74,96201,2632],{"class":167},[74,96203,249],{"class":106},[74,96205,620],{"class":167},[74,96207,249],{"class":106},[74,96209,2094],{"class":167},[74,96211,8965],{"class":106},[74,96213,96214,96216,96218,96220,96222,96224],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,96215,3298],{"class":80},[74,96217,114],{"class":106},[74,96219,81743],{"class":110},[74,96221,107],{"class":106},[74,96223,687],{"class":167},[74,96225,260],{"class":106},[74,96227,96228],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,96229,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,96231,96232,96234,96236,96238],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,96233,103],{"class":102},[74,96235,107],{"class":106},[74,96237,3298],{"class":110},[74,96239,260],{"class":106},[20,96241,96242],{},[332,96243,157],{},[65,96245,96247],{"className":67,"code":96246,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,96248,96249],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,96250,96251,96253,96255,96257,96259,96261,96263],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,96252,8934],{"class":106},[74,96254,2632],{"class":167},[74,96256,249],{"class":106},[74,96258,620],{"class":167},[74,96260,249],{"class":106},[74,96262,2094],{"class":167},[74,96264,8965],{"class":106},[20,96266,96267,96268,96270],{},"The set stays the same because ",[15,96269,687],{}," was already present.",[60,96272,96274,10243,96276],{"id":96273},"add-vs-update",[15,96275,95842],{},[15,96277,14611],{},[20,96279,176,96280,96282,96283,114],{},[15,96281,95842],{}," when you want to add ",[332,96284,52309],{},[65,96286,96288],{"className":67,"code":96287,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.add(\"c\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96289,96290,96314,96332,96336],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,96291,96292,96294,96296,96298,96300,96302,96304,96306,96308,96310,96312],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,96293,35746],{"class":80},[74,96295,85],{"class":84},[74,96297,10148],{"class":106},[74,96299,122],{"class":88},[74,96301,125],{"class":92},[74,96303,122],{"class":88},[74,96305,249],{"class":106},[74,96307,89],{"class":88},[74,96309,4412],{"class":92},[74,96311,122],{"class":88},[74,96313,8965],{"class":106},[74,96315,96316,96318,96320,96322,96324,96326,96328,96330],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,96317,35799],{"class":80},[74,96319,114],{"class":106},[74,96321,81743],{"class":110},[74,96323,107],{"class":106},[74,96325,122],{"class":88},[74,96327,9396],{"class":92},[74,96329,122],{"class":88},[74,96331,260],{"class":106},[74,96333,96334],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,96335,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,96337,96338,96340,96342,96344],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,96339,103],{"class":102},[74,96341,107],{"class":106},[74,96343,35799],{"class":110},[74,96345,260],{"class":106},[20,96347,176,96348,96282,96350,96353],{},[15,96349,14611],{},[332,96351,96352],{},"multiple items from an iterable"," such as a list, tuple, or set.",[65,96355,96357],{"className":67,"code":96356,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.update([\"c\", \"d\", \"e\"])\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96358,96359,96383,96417,96421],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,96360,96361,96363,96365,96367,96369,96371,96373,96375,96377,96379,96381],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,96362,35746],{"class":80},[74,96364,85],{"class":84},[74,96366,10148],{"class":106},[74,96368,122],{"class":88},[74,96370,125],{"class":92},[74,96372,122],{"class":88},[74,96374,249],{"class":106},[74,96376,89],{"class":88},[74,96378,4412],{"class":92},[74,96380,122],{"class":88},[74,96382,8965],{"class":106},[74,96384,96385,96387,96389,96391,96393,96395,96397,96399,96401,96403,96405,96407,96409,96411,96413,96415],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,96386,35799],{"class":80},[74,96388,114],{"class":106},[74,96390,30120],{"class":110},[74,96392,2629],{"class":106},[74,96394,122],{"class":88},[74,96396,9396],{"class":92},[74,96398,122],{"class":88},[74,96400,249],{"class":106},[74,96402,89],{"class":88},[74,96404,18422],{"class":92},[74,96406,122],{"class":88},[74,96408,249],{"class":106},[74,96410,89],{"class":88},[74,96412,60095],{"class":92},[74,96414,122],{"class":88},[74,96416,751],{"class":106},[74,96418,96419],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,96420,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,96422,96423,96425,96427,96429],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,96424,103],{"class":102},[74,96426,107],{"class":106},[74,96428,35799],{"class":110},[74,96430,260],{"class":106},[262,96432,96434],{"id":96433},"key-difference","Key difference",[30,96436,96437,96442],{},[33,96438,96439,96441],{},[15,96440,95842],{}," adds one item",[33,96443,96444,96446],{},[15,96445,14611],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable",[20,96448,96449,96450,114],{},"If you want to learn that method next, see ",[125,96451,96453,96454,10399],{"href":96452},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","Python set ",[15,96455,14611],{},[60,96457,305],{"id":304},[20,96459,96460,2039,96462,114],{},[15,96461,95847],{},[15,96463,3429],{},[20,96465,96466,96467,96469],{},"That means you should ",[332,96468,334],{}," assign its result back to the variable.",[262,96471,96473],{"id":96472},"correct","Correct",[65,96475,96477],{"className":67,"code":96476,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,96478,96479,96499,96513,96517],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,96480,96481,96483,96485,96487,96489,96491,96493,96495,96497],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,96482,15286],{"class":80},[74,96484,85],{"class":84},[74,96486,10148],{"class":106},[74,96488,2632],{"class":167},[74,96490,249],{"class":106},[74,96492,620],{"class":167},[74,96494,249],{"class":106},[74,96496,2094],{"class":167},[74,96498,8965],{"class":106},[74,96500,96501,96503,96505,96507,96509,96511],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,96502,15324],{"class":80},[74,96504,114],{"class":106},[74,96506,81743],{"class":110},[74,96508,107],{"class":106},[74,96510,2148],{"class":167},[74,96512,260],{"class":106},[74,96514,96515],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,96516,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,96518,96519,96521,96523,96525],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,96520,103],{"class":102},[74,96522,107],{"class":106},[74,96524,15324],{"class":110},[74,96526,260],{"class":106},[262,96528,96529],{"id":61416},"Wrong",[65,96531,96533],{"className":67,"code":96532,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,96534,96535,96555,96574,96578],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,96536,96537,96539,96541,96543,96545,96547,96549,96551,96553],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,96538,15286],{"class":80},[74,96540,85],{"class":84},[74,96542,10148],{"class":106},[74,96544,2632],{"class":167},[74,96546,249],{"class":106},[74,96548,620],{"class":167},[74,96550,249],{"class":106},[74,96552,2094],{"class":167},[74,96554,8965],{"class":106},[74,96556,96557,96559,96561,96564,96566,96568,96570,96572],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,96558,15286],{"class":80},[74,96560,85],{"class":84},[74,96562,96563],{"class":80}," my_set",[74,96565,114],{"class":106},[74,96567,81743],{"class":110},[74,96569,107],{"class":106},[74,96571,2148],{"class":167},[74,96573,260],{"class":106},[74,96575,96576],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,96577,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,96579,96580,96582,96584,96586],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,96581,103],{"class":102},[74,96583,107],{"class":106},[74,96585,15324],{"class":110},[74,96587,260],{"class":106},[20,96589,96590],{},[332,96591,157],{},[65,96593,96594],{"className":67,"code":11466,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,96595,96596],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,96597,96598],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,96599,11466],{"class":3504},[20,96601,96602],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. The method changes the original set directly.",[60,96604,96606],{"id":96605},"items-you-can-and-cannot-add","Items you can and cannot add",[20,96608,96609],{},"You can add hashable values such as:",[30,96611,96612,96614,96616,96618],{},[33,96613,56114],{},[33,96615,56117],{},[33,96617,96022],{},[33,96619,40252],{},[20,96621,506],{},[65,96623,96625],{"className":67,"code":96624,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"items = set()\n\nitems.add(10)\nitems.add(\"hello\")\nitems.add((1, 2))\nitems.add(True)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,96626,96627,96637,96641,96655,96673,96691,96705,96709],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,96628,96629,96631,96633,96635],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,96630,7435],{"class":80},[74,96632,85],{"class":84},[74,96634,15291],{"class":1345},[74,96636,8299],{"class":106},[74,96638,96639],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,96640,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,96642,96643,96645,96647,96649,96651,96653],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,96644,7466],{"class":80},[74,96646,114],{"class":106},[74,96648,81743],{"class":110},[74,96650,107],{"class":106},[74,96652,1972],{"class":167},[74,96654,260],{"class":106},[74,96656,96657,96659,96661,96663,96665,96667,96669,96671],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,96658,7466],{"class":80},[74,96660,114],{"class":106},[74,96662,81743],{"class":110},[74,96664,107],{"class":106},[74,96666,122],{"class":88},[74,96668,3497],{"class":92},[74,96670,122],{"class":88},[74,96672,260],{"class":106},[74,96674,96675,96677,96679,96681,96683,96685,96687,96689],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,96676,7466],{"class":80},[74,96678,114],{"class":106},[74,96680,81743],{"class":110},[74,96682,5161],{"class":106},[74,96684,2632],{"class":167},[74,96686,249],{"class":106},[74,96688,620],{"class":167},[74,96690,130],{"class":106},[74,96692,96693,96695,96697,96699,96701,96703],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,96694,7466],{"class":80},[74,96696,114],{"class":106},[74,96698,81743],{"class":110},[74,96700,107],{"class":106},[74,96702,338],{"class":3504},[74,96704,260],{"class":106},[74,96706,96707],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,96708,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,96710,96711,96713,96715,96717],{"class":76,"line":6079},[74,96712,103],{"class":102},[74,96714,107],{"class":106},[74,96716,7466],{"class":110},[74,96718,260],{"class":106},[20,96720,96721],{},"You cannot add mutable values such as:",[30,96723,96724,96727,96730],{},[33,96725,96726],{},"Lists",[33,96728,96729],{},"Dictionaries",[33,96731,96732],{},"Sets",[20,96734,96735],{},"Example that causes an error:",[65,96737,96739],{"className":67,"code":96738,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.add([4, 5])\n",[15,96740,96741,96761],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,96742,96743,96745,96747,96749,96751,96753,96755,96757,96759],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,96744,7435],{"class":80},[74,96746,85],{"class":84},[74,96748,10148],{"class":106},[74,96750,2632],{"class":167},[74,96752,249],{"class":106},[74,96754,620],{"class":167},[74,96756,249],{"class":106},[74,96758,2094],{"class":167},[74,96760,8965],{"class":106},[74,96762,96763,96765,96767,96769,96771,96773,96775,96777],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,96764,7466],{"class":80},[74,96766,114],{"class":106},[74,96768,81743],{"class":110},[74,96770,2629],{"class":106},[74,96772,2148],{"class":167},[74,96774,249],{"class":106},[74,96776,651],{"class":167},[74,96778,751],{"class":106},[20,96780,96781],{},[332,96782,29336],{},[65,96784,96786],{"className":67,"code":96785,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'\n",[15,96787,96788],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,96789,96790,96792,96794,96797,96799,96801,96803,96805],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,96791,2649],{"class":1345},[74,96793,679],{"class":106},[74,96795,96796],{"class":80}," unhashable ",[74,96798,1346],{"class":1345},[74,96800,679],{"class":106},[74,96802,2941],{"class":88},[74,96804,7751],{"class":92},[74,96806,29355],{"class":88},[20,96808,96809],{},"This happens because lists are mutable, so they cannot be stored as set items.",[20,96811,96812,96813,114],{},"If you get this error, see how to fix ",[15,96814,96815],{},"TypeError: unhashable type",[60,96817,914],{"id":913},[20,96819,14391,96820,679],{},[15,96821,95847],{},[30,96823,96824,96829,96834,96837,96844],{},[33,96825,571,96826,96828],{},[15,96827,95842],{}," when you need to insert multiple values",[33,96830,923,96831,96833],{},[15,96832,95842],{}," to return the updated set",[33,96835,96836],{},"Trying to add a list or dictionary to a set",[33,96838,1123,96839,96841,96842],{},[15,96840,95847],{}," with list ",[15,96843,52305],{},[33,96845,96846],{},"Expecting sets to keep insertion order for display logic",[20,96848,71146],{},[65,96850,96852],{"className":67,"code":96851,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nhelp(set.add)\n",[15,96853,96854,96864,96878,96888,96902],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,96855,96856,96858,96860,96862],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,96857,103],{"class":102},[74,96859,107],{"class":106},[74,96861,15324],{"class":110},[74,96863,260],{"class":106},[74,96865,96866,96868,96870,96872,96874,96876],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,96867,103],{"class":102},[74,96869,107],{"class":106},[74,96871,1346],{"class":1345},[74,96873,107],{"class":106},[74,96875,15324],{"class":110},[74,96877,130],{"class":106},[74,96879,96880,96882,96884,96886],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,96881,103],{"class":102},[74,96883,107],{"class":106},[74,96885,246],{"class":110},[74,96887,260],{"class":106},[74,96889,96890,96892,96894,96896,96898,96900],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,96891,103],{"class":102},[74,96893,107],{"class":106},[74,96895,1346],{"class":1345},[74,96897,107],{"class":106},[74,96899,246],{"class":110},[74,96901,130],{"class":106},[74,96903,96904,96906,96908,96910,96912,96914],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,96905,31809],{"class":102},[74,96907,107],{"class":106},[74,96909,5939],{"class":1345},[74,96911,114],{"class":106},[74,96913,81743],{"class":24406},[74,96915,260],{"class":106},[20,96917,96918,96919,96921,96922,114],{},"Also remember that ",[15,96920,95847],{}," is not the same as adding items to a list. If you are working with lists instead, see ",[125,96923,52701],{"href":96924},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python",[60,96926,1471],{"id":1470},[262,96928,1517,96930,96932],{"id":96929},"does-setadd-return-a-new-set",[15,96931,95847],{}," return a new set?",[20,96934,96935,96936,114],{},"No. It changes the existing set and returns ",[15,96937,3429],{},[262,96939,96941],{"id":96940},"what-if-i-add-a-value-that-is-already-in-the-set","What if I add a value that is already in the set?",[20,96943,96944],{},"Nothing breaks. The set stays the same because sets keep only unique values.",[262,96946,96948],{"id":96947},"how-do-i-add-more-than-one-item-to-a-set","How do I add more than one item to a set?",[20,96950,176,96951,10750,96954,114],{},[15,96952,96953],{},"set.update()",[15,96955,95842],{},[262,96957,96959],{"id":96958},"can-i-add-a-list-to-a-set","Can I add a list to a set?",[20,96961,96962,96963,114],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so Python raises a ",[15,96964,2649],{},[60,96966,1527],{"id":1526},[30,96968,96969,96973,96978],{},[33,96970,96971],{},[125,96972,95967],{"href":95966},[33,96974,96975],{},[125,96976,96977],{"href":95970},"How to create a set in Python",[33,96979,96980],{},[125,96981,96453,96982,10399],{"href":96452},[15,96983,14611],{},[20,96985,96986,96987,96989],{},"Once you understand ",[15,96988,95842],{},", the next useful step is learning when to use a set, list, or another collection type so you can choose the right method for the task.",[1566,96991,96992],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":70,"searchDepth":99,"depth":99,"links":96994},[96995,96996,96998,96999,97000,97001,97005,97009,97010,97011,97018],{"id":62,"depth":99,"text":63},{"id":95939,"depth":99,"text":96997},"What set.add() does",{"id":226,"depth":99,"text":227},{"id":356,"depth":99,"text":357},{"id":96182,"depth":99,"text":96183},{"id":96273,"depth":99,"text":97002,"children":97003},"add() vs update()",[97004],{"id":96433,"depth":133,"text":96434},{"id":304,"depth":99,"text":305,"children":97006},[97007,97008],{"id":96472,"depth":133,"text":96473},{"id":61416,"depth":133,"text":96529},{"id":96605,"depth":99,"text":96606},{"id":913,"depth":99,"text":914},{"id":1470,"depth":99,"text":1471,"children":97012},[97013,97015,97016,97017],{"id":96929,"depth":133,"text":97014},"Does set.add() return a new set?",{"id":96940,"depth":133,"text":96941},{"id":96947,"depth":133,"text":96948},{"id":96958,"depth":133,"text":96959},{"id":1526,"depth":99,"text":1527},"Master python set add method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method",{"title":95833,"description":97019},"reference\u002Fpython-set-add-method","9I9TzJ60fjl-DGg9PZdc1Vb3FA6ASoe34_STMZ7XW50",{"id":97026,"title":97027,"body":97028,"description":98197,"extension":1610,"meta":98198,"navigation":407,"path":98199,"seo":98200,"stem":98201,"__hash__":98202},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method.md","Python Set clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":97029,"toc":98164},[97030,97035,97041,97048,97093,97095,97106,97111,97116,97120,97134,97139,97141,97143,97158,97160,97174,97176,97178,97243,97245,97255,97257,97275,97281,97288,97293,97367,97369,97386,97392,97397,97468,97470,97497,97514,97517,97523,97525,97532,97536,97603,97605,97620,97623,97676,97678,97686,97698,97700,97704,97709,97711,97760,97762,97770,97772,97817,97819,97829,97835,97843,97856,97862,97864,97893,97895,97913,97917,97920,97951,97953,97971,97975,98050,98052,98068,98075,98077,98082,98087,98093,98096,98100,98108,98115,98123,98125,98161],[10,97031,95839,97033,18],{"id":97032},"python-set-clear-method",[15,97034,10980],{},[20,97036,97037,97040],{},[15,97038,97039],{},"set.clear()"," removes all items from a set.",[20,97042,97043,97044,97047],{},"Use it when you want to empty a set ",[332,97045,97046],{},"without changing the variable itself",". This method changes the existing set in place, which is important when the same set is used in more than one place.",[65,97049,97051],{"className":67,"code":97050,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.clear()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97052,97053,97073,97083],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,97054,97055,97057,97059,97061,97063,97065,97067,97069,97071],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,97056,3266],{"class":80},[74,97058,85],{"class":84},[74,97060,10148],{"class":106},[74,97062,2632],{"class":167},[74,97064,249],{"class":106},[74,97066,620],{"class":167},[74,97068,249],{"class":106},[74,97070,2094],{"class":167},[74,97072,8965],{"class":106},[74,97074,97075,97077,97079,97081],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,97076,3298],{"class":80},[74,97078,114],{"class":106},[74,97080,11041],{"class":110},[74,97082,8299],{"class":106},[74,97084,97085,97087,97089,97091],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,97086,103],{"class":102},[74,97088,107],{"class":106},[74,97090,3298],{"class":110},[74,97092,260],{"class":106},[20,97094,157],{},[65,97096,97098],{"className":67,"code":97097,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"set()\n",[15,97099,97100],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,97101,97102,97104],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,97103,5939],{"class":1345},[74,97105,8299],{"class":106},[20,97107,97108,97110],{},[15,97109,10980],{}," removes all items from the set in place. It does not create a new set.",[60,97112,3328,97114,38],{"id":97113},"what-setclear-does",[15,97115,97039],{},[20,97117,1627,97118,11071],{},[15,97119,10980],{},[30,97121,97122,97125,97127,97131],{},[33,97123,97124],{},"Removes every item from a set",[33,97126,95954],{},[33,97128,11082,97129],{},[15,97130,3429],{},[33,97132,97133],{},"Works on mutable set objects",[20,97135,95963,97136,71245],{},[125,97137,95967],{"href":97138},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained\u002F",[60,97140,227],{"id":226},[20,97142,54099],{},[65,97144,97146],{"className":67,"code":97145,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"my_set.clear()\n",[15,97147,97148],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,97149,97150,97152,97154,97156],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,97151,15324],{"class":80},[74,97153,114],{"class":106},[74,97155,11041],{"class":110},[74,97157,8299],{"class":106},[20,97159,195],{},[30,97161,97162,97165,97168,97171],{},[33,97163,97164],{},"It takes no arguments",[33,97166,97167],{},"It empties the set",[33,97169,97170],{},"It keeps the same set variable",[33,97172,97173],{},"Use it when you want the set to stay the same object, but have no items in it",[60,97175,357],{"id":356},[20,97177,11135],{},[65,97179,97181],{"className":67,"code":97180,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"colors = {\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"}\n\ncolors.clear()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,97182,97183,97215,97219,97229,97233],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,97184,97185,97187,97189,97191,97193,97195,97197,97199,97201,97203,97205,97207,97209,97211,97213],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,97186,12732],{"class":80},[74,97188,85],{"class":84},[74,97190,10148],{"class":106},[74,97192,122],{"class":88},[74,97194,12749],{"class":92},[74,97196,122],{"class":88},[74,97198,249],{"class":106},[74,97200,89],{"class":88},[74,97202,17110],{"class":92},[74,97204,122],{"class":88},[74,97206,249],{"class":106},[74,97208,89],{"class":88},[74,97210,12766],{"class":92},[74,97212,122],{"class":88},[74,97214,8965],{"class":106},[74,97216,97217],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,97218,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,97220,97221,97223,97225,97227],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,97222,17157],{"class":80},[74,97224,114],{"class":106},[74,97226,11041],{"class":110},[74,97228,8299],{"class":106},[74,97230,97231],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,97232,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,97234,97235,97237,97239,97241],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,97236,103],{"class":102},[74,97238,107],{"class":106},[74,97240,17157],{"class":110},[74,97242,260],{"class":106},[20,97244,157],{},[65,97246,97247],{"className":67,"code":97097,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,97248,97249],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,97250,97251,97253],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,97252,5939],{"class":1345},[74,97254,8299],{"class":106},[20,97256,11341],{},[30,97258,97259,97264,97269],{},[33,97260,97261,97263],{},[15,97262,17157],{}," starts with three values",[33,97265,97266,11354],{},[15,97267,97268],{},"colors.clear()",[33,97270,97271,97272,97274],{},"Printing the set shows ",[15,97273,3448],{},", which means an empty set",[60,97276,97278,97280],{"id":97277},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-set",[15,97279,10980],{}," vs creating a new empty set",[20,97282,97283,51,97285,97287],{},[15,97284,10980],{},[15,97286,3448],{}," can both give you an empty set, but they do not work the same way.",[262,97289,571,97291],{"id":97290},"using-clear",[15,97292,10980],{},[65,97294,97296],{"className":67,"code":97295,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems.clear()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,97297,97298,97318,97328,97332,97342,97346,97356],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,97299,97300,97302,97304,97306,97308,97310,97312,97314,97316],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,97301,7435],{"class":80},[74,97303,85],{"class":84},[74,97305,10148],{"class":106},[74,97307,2632],{"class":167},[74,97309,249],{"class":106},[74,97311,620],{"class":167},[74,97313,249],{"class":106},[74,97315,2094],{"class":167},[74,97317,8965],{"class":106},[74,97319,97320,97323,97325],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,97321,97322],{"class":80},"other_name ",[74,97324,85],{"class":84},[74,97326,97327],{"class":80}," items\n",[74,97329,97330],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,97331,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,97333,97334,97336,97338,97340],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,97335,7466],{"class":80},[74,97337,114],{"class":106},[74,97339,11041],{"class":110},[74,97341,8299],{"class":106},[74,97343,97344],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,97345,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,97347,97348,97350,97352,97354],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,97349,103],{"class":102},[74,97351,107],{"class":106},[74,97353,7466],{"class":110},[74,97355,260],{"class":106},[74,97357,97358,97360,97362,97365],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,97359,103],{"class":102},[74,97361,107],{"class":106},[74,97363,97364],{"class":110},"other_name",[74,97366,260],{"class":106},[20,97368,157],{},[65,97370,97372],{"className":67,"code":97371,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"set()\nset()\n",[15,97373,97374,97380],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,97375,97376,97378],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,97377,5939],{"class":1345},[74,97379,8299],{"class":106},[74,97381,97382,97384],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,97383,5939],{"class":1345},[74,97385,8299],{"class":106},[20,97387,97388,97389,114],{},"Both variables now show an empty set because they refer to the ",[332,97390,97391],{},"same set object",[262,97393,571,97395],{"id":97394},"using-set",[15,97396,3448],{},[65,97398,97400],{"className":67,"code":97399,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems = set()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,97401,97402,97422,97430,97434,97444,97448,97458],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,97403,97404,97406,97408,97410,97412,97414,97416,97418,97420],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,97405,7435],{"class":80},[74,97407,85],{"class":84},[74,97409,10148],{"class":106},[74,97411,2632],{"class":167},[74,97413,249],{"class":106},[74,97415,620],{"class":167},[74,97417,249],{"class":106},[74,97419,2094],{"class":167},[74,97421,8965],{"class":106},[74,97423,97424,97426,97428],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,97425,97322],{"class":80},[74,97427,85],{"class":84},[74,97429,97327],{"class":80},[74,97431,97432],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,97433,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,97435,97436,97438,97440,97442],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,97437,7435],{"class":80},[74,97439,85],{"class":84},[74,97441,15291],{"class":1345},[74,97443,8299],{"class":106},[74,97445,97446],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,97447,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,97449,97450,97452,97454,97456],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,97451,103],{"class":102},[74,97453,107],{"class":106},[74,97455,7466],{"class":110},[74,97457,260],{"class":106},[74,97459,97460,97462,97464,97466],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,97461,103],{"class":102},[74,97463,107],{"class":106},[74,97465,97364],{"class":110},[74,97467,260],{"class":106},[20,97469,157],{},[65,97471,97473],{"className":67,"code":97472,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"set()\n{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,97474,97475,97481],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,97476,97477,97479],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,97478,5939],{"class":1345},[74,97480,8299],{"class":106},[74,97482,97483,97485,97487,97489,97491,97493,97495],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,97484,8934],{"class":106},[74,97486,2632],{"class":167},[74,97488,249],{"class":106},[74,97490,620],{"class":167},[74,97492,249],{"class":106},[74,97494,2094],{"class":167},[74,97496,8965],{"class":106},[20,97498,20426,97499,92731,97502,97505,97506,114,97508,97510,97511,97513],{},[15,97500,97501],{},"items = set()",[332,97503,97504],{},"new empty set object"," and assigns it to ",[15,97507,7466],{},[9503,97509],{},"\nBut ",[15,97512,97364],{}," still points to the original set.",[20,97515,97516],{},"This difference matters when more than one variable refers to the same set.",[20,97518,97519,97520,114],{},"If you need help creating sets correctly, see ",[125,97521,95971],{"href":97522},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set\u002F",[60,97524,305],{"id":304},[20,97526,97527,13711,97529,97531],{},[15,97528,10980],{},[332,97530,334],{}," return the emptied set.",[20,97533,1501,97534,114],{},[15,97535,3429],{},[65,97537,97539],{"className":67,"code":97538,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97540,97541,97561,97565,97579,97583,97593],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,97542,97543,97545,97547,97549,97551,97553,97555,97557,97559],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,97544,3266],{"class":80},[74,97546,85],{"class":84},[74,97548,10148],{"class":106},[74,97550,2632],{"class":167},[74,97552,249],{"class":106},[74,97554,620],{"class":167},[74,97556,249],{"class":106},[74,97558,2094],{"class":167},[74,97560,8965],{"class":106},[74,97562,97563],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,97564,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,97566,97567,97569,97571,97573,97575,97577],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,97568,383],{"class":80},[74,97570,85],{"class":84},[74,97572,3914],{"class":80},[74,97574,114],{"class":106},[74,97576,11041],{"class":110},[74,97578,8299],{"class":106},[74,97580,97581],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,97582,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,97584,97585,97587,97589,97591],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,97586,103],{"class":102},[74,97588,107],{"class":106},[74,97590,418],{"class":110},[74,97592,260],{"class":106},[74,97594,97595,97597,97599,97601],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,97596,103],{"class":102},[74,97598,107],{"class":106},[74,97600,3298],{"class":110},[74,97602,260],{"class":106},[20,97604,157],{},[65,97606,97608],{"className":67,"code":97607,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"None\nset()\n",[15,97609,97610,97614],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,97611,97612],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,97613,11466],{"class":3504},[74,97615,97616,97618],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,97617,5939],{"class":1345},[74,97619,8299],{"class":106},[20,97621,97622],{},"Do not do this:",[65,97624,97626],{"className":67,"code":97625,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97627,97628,97648,97662,97666],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,97629,97630,97632,97634,97636,97638,97640,97642,97644,97646],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,97631,3266],{"class":80},[74,97633,85],{"class":84},[74,97635,10148],{"class":106},[74,97637,2632],{"class":167},[74,97639,249],{"class":106},[74,97641,620],{"class":167},[74,97643,249],{"class":106},[74,97645,2094],{"class":167},[74,97647,8965],{"class":106},[74,97649,97650,97652,97654,97656,97658,97660],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,97651,3266],{"class":80},[74,97653,85],{"class":84},[74,97655,3914],{"class":80},[74,97657,114],{"class":106},[74,97659,11041],{"class":110},[74,97661,8299],{"class":106},[74,97663,97664],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,97665,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,97667,97668,97670,97672,97674],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,97669,103],{"class":102},[74,97671,107],{"class":106},[74,97673,3298],{"class":110},[74,97675,260],{"class":106},[20,97677,157],{},[65,97679,97680],{"className":67,"code":11466,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,97681,97682],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,97683,97684],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,97685,11466],{"class":3504},[20,97687,21845,97688,2039,97690,97692,97693,97695,97696,114],{},[15,97689,54212],{},[15,97691,3429],{},", and then you assign that ",[15,97694,3429],{}," back to ",[15,97697,3298],{},[60,97699,4170],{"id":4169},[20,97701,10406,97702,114],{},[15,97703,97039],{},[262,97705,12253,97707],{"id":97706},"assigning-the-result-of-clear",[15,97708,10980],{},[20,97710,16302],{},[65,97712,97714],{"className":67,"code":97713,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,97715,97716,97736,97750],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,97717,97718,97720,97722,97724,97726,97728,97730,97732,97734],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,97719,15286],{"class":80},[74,97721,85],{"class":84},[74,97723,10148],{"class":106},[74,97725,2632],{"class":167},[74,97727,249],{"class":106},[74,97729,620],{"class":167},[74,97731,249],{"class":106},[74,97733,2094],{"class":167},[74,97735,8965],{"class":106},[74,97737,97738,97740,97742,97744,97746,97748],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,97739,15286],{"class":80},[74,97741,85],{"class":84},[74,97743,96563],{"class":80},[74,97745,114],{"class":106},[74,97747,11041],{"class":110},[74,97749,8299],{"class":106},[74,97751,97752,97754,97756,97758],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,97753,103],{"class":102},[74,97755,107],{"class":106},[74,97757,15324],{"class":110},[74,97759,260],{"class":106},[20,97761,157],{},[65,97763,97764],{"className":67,"code":11466,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,97765,97766],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,97767,97768],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,97769,11466],{"class":3504},[20,97771,16314],{},[65,97773,97775],{"className":67,"code":97774,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,97776,97777,97797,97807],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,97778,97779,97781,97783,97785,97787,97789,97791,97793,97795],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,97780,15286],{"class":80},[74,97782,85],{"class":84},[74,97784,10148],{"class":106},[74,97786,2632],{"class":167},[74,97788,249],{"class":106},[74,97790,620],{"class":167},[74,97792,249],{"class":106},[74,97794,2094],{"class":167},[74,97796,8965],{"class":106},[74,97798,97799,97801,97803,97805],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,97800,15324],{"class":80},[74,97802,114],{"class":106},[74,97804,11041],{"class":110},[74,97806,8299],{"class":106},[74,97808,97809,97811,97813,97815],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,97810,103],{"class":102},[74,97812,107],{"class":106},[74,97814,15324],{"class":110},[74,97816,260],{"class":106},[20,97818,157],{},[65,97820,97821],{"className":67,"code":97097,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,97822,97823],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,97824,97825,97827],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,97826,5939],{"class":1345},[74,97828,8299],{"class":106},[262,97830,923,97832,97834],{"id":97831},"expecting-clear-to-remove-only-one-item",[15,97833,10980],{}," to remove only one item",[20,97836,97837,97839,97840,97842],{},[15,97838,10980],{}," removes ",[332,97841,3366],{}," items from the set.",[20,97844,97845,97846,339,97851,114],{},"If you want to remove a single value, use methods like ",[125,97847,97849],{"href":97848},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method\u002F",[15,97850,55181],{},[125,97852,97854],{"href":97853},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method\u002F",[15,97855,12421],{},[262,97857,571,97859,97861],{"id":97858},"using-for-an-empty-set",[15,97860,3443],{}," for an empty set",[20,97863,25347],{},[65,97865,97867],{"className":67,"code":97866,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"empty_value = {}\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,97868,97869,97878],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,97870,97871,97874,97876],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,97872,97873],{"class":80},"empty_value ",[74,97875,85],{"class":84},[74,97877,9495],{"class":106},[74,97879,97880,97882,97884,97886,97888,97891],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,97881,103],{"class":102},[74,97883,107],{"class":106},[74,97885,1346],{"class":1345},[74,97887,107],{"class":106},[74,97889,97890],{"class":110},"empty_value",[74,97892,130],{"class":106},[20,97894,157],{},[65,97896,97897],{"className":67,"code":8464,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,97898,97899],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,97900,97901,97903,97905,97907,97909,97911],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,97902,2935],{"class":84},[74,97904,2938],{"class":1711},[74,97906,2941],{"class":88},[74,97908,8477],{"class":92},[74,97910,2946],{"class":88},[74,97912,2949],{"class":84},[20,97914,97915,8444],{},[15,97916,3443],{},[20,97918,97919],{},"To create an empty set, use:",[65,97921,97923],{"className":67,"code":97922,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"empty_set = set()\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,97924,97925,97936],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,97926,97927,97930,97932,97934],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,97928,97929],{"class":80},"empty_set ",[74,97931,85],{"class":84},[74,97933,15291],{"class":1345},[74,97935,8299],{"class":106},[74,97937,97938,97940,97942,97944,97946,97949],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,97939,103],{"class":102},[74,97941,107],{"class":106},[74,97943,1346],{"class":1345},[74,97945,107],{"class":106},[74,97947,97948],{"class":110},"empty_set",[74,97950,130],{"class":106},[20,97952,157],{},[65,97954,97955],{"className":67,"code":8508,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,97956,97957],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,97958,97959,97961,97963,97965,97967,97969],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,97960,2935],{"class":84},[74,97962,2938],{"class":1711},[74,97964,2941],{"class":88},[74,97966,5939],{"class":92},[74,97968,2946],{"class":88},[74,97970,2949],{"class":84},[262,97972,97974],{"id":97973},"not-realizing-another-variable-points-to-the-same-set","Not realizing another variable points to the same set",[65,97976,97978],{"className":67,"code":97977,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"a = {\"x\", \"y\"}\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\n",[15,97979,97980,98004,98012,98016,98026,98030,98040],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,97981,97982,97984,97986,97988,97990,97992,97994,97996,97998,98000,98002],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,97983,2198],{"class":80},[74,97985,85],{"class":84},[74,97987,10148],{"class":106},[74,97989,122],{"class":88},[74,97991,1816],{"class":92},[74,97993,122],{"class":88},[74,97995,249],{"class":106},[74,97997,89],{"class":88},[74,97999,11403],{"class":92},[74,98001,122],{"class":88},[74,98003,8965],{"class":106},[74,98005,98006,98008,98010],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,98007,2226],{"class":80},[74,98009,85],{"class":84},[74,98011,35831],{"class":80},[74,98013,98014],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,98015,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,98017,98018,98020,98022,98024],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,98019,125],{"class":80},[74,98021,114],{"class":106},[74,98023,11041],{"class":110},[74,98025,8299],{"class":106},[74,98027,98028],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,98029,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,98031,98032,98034,98036,98038],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,98033,103],{"class":102},[74,98035,107],{"class":106},[74,98037,125],{"class":110},[74,98039,260],{"class":106},[74,98041,98042,98044,98046,98048],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,98043,103],{"class":102},[74,98045,107],{"class":106},[74,98047,4412],{"class":110},[74,98049,260],{"class":106},[20,98051,157],{},[65,98053,98054],{"className":67,"code":97371,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,98055,98056,98062],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,98057,98058,98060],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,98059,5939],{"class":1345},[74,98061,8299],{"class":106},[74,98063,98064,98066],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,98065,5939],{"class":1345},[74,98067,8299],{"class":106},[20,98069,28716,98070,51,98072,98074],{},[15,98071,125],{},[15,98073,4412],{}," refer to the same set, clearing one affects both.",[60,98076,1471],{"id":1470},[262,98078,1495,98080,4796],{"id":98079},"what-does-setclear-return-in-python",[15,98081,97039],{},[20,98083,1501,98084,98086],{},[15,98085,3429],{},". It empties the set in place.",[262,98088,1517,98090,98092],{"id":98089},"does-clear-delete-the-set-variable",[15,98091,10980],{}," delete the set variable?",[20,98094,98095],{},"No. The variable still exists, but the set becomes empty.",[262,98097,98099],{"id":98098},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-set-after-clearing","How do I create an empty set after clearing?",[20,98101,98102,98103,98105,98106,114],{},"You already have one after ",[15,98104,10980],{},". Printing it shows ",[15,98107,3448],{},[262,98109,4828,98111,51,98113,2135],{"id":98110},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-set",[15,98112,10980],{},[15,98114,3448],{},[20,98116,98117,98119,98120,98122],{},[15,98118,10980],{}," empties the existing set object. ",[15,98121,3448],{}," creates a new empty set object.",[60,98124,1527],{"id":1526},[30,98126,98127,98131,98135,98142,98148,98154],{},[33,98128,98129],{},[125,98130,95967],{"href":97138},[33,98132,98133],{},[125,98134,96977],{"href":97522},[33,98136,98137],{},[125,98138,96453,98140,10399],{"href":98139},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method\u002F",[15,98141,95842],{},[33,98143,98144],{},[125,98145,96453,98146,10399],{"href":97848},[15,98147,55181],{},[33,98149,98150],{},[125,98151,96453,98152,10399],{"href":97853},[15,98153,12421],{},[33,98155,98156],{},[125,98157,96453,98159,10399],{"href":98158},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method\u002F",[15,98160,14611],{},[1566,98162,98163],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":70,"searchDepth":99,"depth":99,"links":98165},[98166,98168,98169,98170,98177,98178,98187,98196],{"id":97113,"depth":99,"text":98167},"What set.clear() does",{"id":226,"depth":99,"text":227},{"id":356,"depth":99,"text":357},{"id":97277,"depth":99,"text":98171,"children":98172},"clear() vs creating a new empty set",[98173,98175],{"id":97290,"depth":133,"text":98174},"Using clear()",{"id":97394,"depth":133,"text":98176},"Using set()",{"id":304,"depth":99,"text":305},{"id":4169,"depth":99,"text":4170,"children":98179},[98180,98182,98184,98186],{"id":97706,"depth":133,"text":98181},"Assigning the result of clear()",{"id":97831,"depth":133,"text":98183},"Expecting clear() to remove only one item",{"id":97858,"depth":133,"text":98185},"Using {} for an empty set",{"id":97973,"depth":133,"text":97974},{"id":1470,"depth":99,"text":1471,"children":98188},[98189,98191,98193,98194],{"id":98079,"depth":133,"text":98190},"What does set.clear() return in Python?",{"id":98089,"depth":133,"text":98192},"Does clear() delete the set variable?",{"id":98098,"depth":133,"text":98099},{"id":98110,"depth":133,"text":98195},"What is the difference between clear() and set()?",{"id":1526,"depth":99,"text":1527},"Master python set clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method",{"title":97027,"description":98197},"reference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method","an3xypUqNVPwtX2yUs0k-KfEaD7q5bOcJq4_cTEG7TM",{"id":98204,"title":98205,"body":98206,"description":100038,"extension":1610,"meta":100039,"navigation":407,"path":95970,"seo":100040,"stem":100041,"__hash__":100042},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set.md","Python Set: Creating a Set",{"type":7,"value":98207,"toc":99995},[98208,98211,98214,98217,98219,98322,98326,98373,98379,98381,98400,98404,98407,98409,98423,98432,98436,98439,98474,98478,98498,98501,98505,98508,98569,98573,98598,98605,98611,98616,98618,98630,98634,98683,98687,98711,98718,98722,98763,98767,98788,98792,98825,98829,98870,98873,98877,98882,98921,98925,98950,98955,98961,98998,99002,99025,99029,99031,99034,99037,99114,99118,99155,99158,99162,99168,99171,99181,99230,99236,99242,99269,99272,99294,99296,99327,99330,99334,99338,99377,99381,99444,99447,99480,99484,99509,99511,99514,99520,99523,99550,99553,99571,99575,99579,99582,99625,99628,99632,99635,99638,99668,99671,99675,99678,99693,99698,99702,99705,99794,99796,99799,99889,99892,99910,99912,99916,99926,99930,99938,99942,99945,99949,99952,99956,99959,99961,99989,99992],[10,98209,98205],{"id":98210},"python-set-creating-a-set",[20,98212,98213],{},"This page shows how to create sets in Python, which syntax to use, and what happens with duplicates and empty sets.",[20,98215,98216],{},"A set is useful when you want a collection of unique values. Unlike a list, a set does not keep duplicate items.",[60,98218,3256],{"id":3255},[65,98220,98222],{"className":67,"code":98221,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nwords = set([\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\"])\nempty_set = set()\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(words)\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,98223,98224,98244,98278,98288,98292,98302,98312],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,98225,98226,98228,98230,98232,98234,98236,98238,98240,98242],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,98227,3266],{"class":80},[74,98229,85],{"class":84},[74,98231,10148],{"class":106},[74,98233,2632],{"class":167},[74,98235,249],{"class":106},[74,98237,620],{"class":167},[74,98239,249],{"class":106},[74,98241,2094],{"class":167},[74,98243,8965],{"class":106},[74,98245,98246,98248,98250,98252,98254,98256,98258,98260,98262,98264,98266,98268,98270,98272,98274,98276],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,98247,3722],{"class":80},[74,98249,85],{"class":84},[74,98251,15291],{"class":1345},[74,98253,2629],{"class":106},[74,98255,122],{"class":88},[74,98257,376],{"class":92},[74,98259,122],{"class":88},[74,98261,249],{"class":106},[74,98263,89],{"class":88},[74,98265,93],{"class":92},[74,98267,122],{"class":88},[74,98269,249],{"class":106},[74,98271,89],{"class":88},[74,98273,376],{"class":92},[74,98275,122],{"class":88},[74,98277,751],{"class":106},[74,98279,98280,98282,98284,98286],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,98281,97929],{"class":80},[74,98283,85],{"class":84},[74,98285,15291],{"class":1345},[74,98287,8299],{"class":106},[74,98289,98290],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,98291,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,98293,98294,98296,98298,98300],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,98295,103],{"class":102},[74,98297,107],{"class":106},[74,98299,3298],{"class":110},[74,98301,260],{"class":106},[74,98303,98304,98306,98308,98310],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,98305,103],{"class":102},[74,98307,107],{"class":106},[74,98309,3764],{"class":110},[74,98311,260],{"class":106},[74,98313,98314,98316,98318,98320],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,98315,103],{"class":102},[74,98317,107],{"class":106},[74,98319,97948],{"class":110},[74,98321,260],{"class":106},[20,98323,98324],{},[332,98325,157],{},[65,98327,98329],{"className":67,"code":98328,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"{1, 2, 3}\n{'banana', 'apple'}\nset()\n",[15,98330,98331,98347,98367],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,98332,98333,98335,98337,98339,98341,98343,98345],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,98334,8934],{"class":106},[74,98336,2632],{"class":167},[74,98338,249],{"class":106},[74,98340,620],{"class":167},[74,98342,249],{"class":106},[74,98344,2094],{"class":167},[74,98346,8965],{"class":106},[74,98348,98349,98351,98353,98355,98357,98359,98361,98363,98365],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,98350,8934],{"class":106},[74,98352,2946],{"class":88},[74,98354,93],{"class":92},[74,98356,2946],{"class":88},[74,98358,249],{"class":106},[74,98360,2941],{"class":88},[74,98362,376],{"class":92},[74,98364,2946],{"class":88},[74,98366,8965],{"class":106},[74,98368,98369,98371],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,98370,5939],{"class":1345},[74,98372,8299],{"class":106},[20,98374,98375,98376,98378],{},"Use curly braces with values for a non-empty set. Use ",[15,98377,3448],{}," for an empty set.",[60,98380,14820],{"id":14819},[30,98382,98383,98386,98391,98394,98397],{},[33,98384,98385],{},"How to create a set with curly braces",[33,98387,98388,98389],{},"How to create a set with ",[15,98390,3448],{},[33,98392,98393],{},"How to create an empty set correctly",[33,98395,98396],{},"What happens to duplicate values",[33,98398,98399],{},"How set creation differs from list, tuple, and dictionary creation",[60,98401,98403],{"id":98402},"what-a-set-is","What a set is",[20,98405,98406],{},"A set is a collection of unique values.",[20,98408,30196],{},[30,98410,98411,98414,98417,98420],{},[33,98412,98413],{},"Sets do not keep duplicate items",[33,98415,98416],{},"Sets are unordered",[33,98418,98419],{},"Sets do not use positions like list indexes",[33,98421,98422],{},"Sets are useful when you only care whether a value exists",[20,98424,98425,98426,339,98428,114],{},"If you want a full beginner explanation, see ",[125,98427,95967],{"href":97138},[125,98429,98431],{"href":98430},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-set-in-python\u002F","what is a set in Python",[60,98433,98435],{"id":98434},"create-a-set-with-curly-braces","Create a set with curly braces",[20,98437,98438],{},"Use curly braces with comma-separated values to create a non-empty set.",[65,98440,98442],{"className":67,"code":98441,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98443,98444,98464],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,98445,98446,98448,98450,98452,98454,98456,98458,98460,98462],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,98447,3266],{"class":80},[74,98449,85],{"class":84},[74,98451,10148],{"class":106},[74,98453,2632],{"class":167},[74,98455,249],{"class":106},[74,98457,620],{"class":167},[74,98459,249],{"class":106},[74,98461,2094],{"class":167},[74,98463,8965],{"class":106},[74,98465,98466,98468,98470,98472],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,98467,103],{"class":102},[74,98469,107],{"class":106},[74,98471,3298],{"class":110},[74,98473,260],{"class":106},[20,98475,98476],{},[332,98477,29685],{},[65,98479,98480],{"className":67,"code":96246,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,98481,98482],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,98483,98484,98486,98488,98490,98492,98494,98496],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,98485,8934],{"class":106},[74,98487,2632],{"class":167},[74,98489,249],{"class":106},[74,98491,620],{"class":167},[74,98493,249],{"class":106},[74,98495,2094],{"class":167},[74,98497,8965],{"class":106},[20,98499,98500],{},"This is the shortest way to create a set when you already know the values.",[262,98502,98504],{"id":98503},"duplicates-are-removed-automatically","Duplicates are removed automatically",[20,98506,98507],{},"If you repeat a value, Python keeps only one copy.",[65,98509,98511],{"className":67,"code":98510,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3}\nprint(numbers)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,98512,98513,98545,98555],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,98514,98515,98517,98519,98521,98523,98525,98527,98529,98531,98533,98535,98537,98539,98541,98543],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,98516,3266],{"class":80},[74,98518,85],{"class":84},[74,98520,10148],{"class":106},[74,98522,2632],{"class":167},[74,98524,249],{"class":106},[74,98526,620],{"class":167},[74,98528,249],{"class":106},[74,98530,620],{"class":167},[74,98532,249],{"class":106},[74,98534,2094],{"class":167},[74,98536,249],{"class":106},[74,98538,2094],{"class":167},[74,98540,249],{"class":106},[74,98542,2094],{"class":167},[74,98544,8965],{"class":106},[74,98546,98547,98549,98551,98553],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,98548,103],{"class":102},[74,98550,107],{"class":106},[74,98552,3298],{"class":110},[74,98554,260],{"class":106},[74,98556,98557,98559,98561,98563,98565,98567],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,98558,103],{"class":102},[74,98560,107],{"class":106},[74,98562,10820],{"class":102},[74,98564,107],{"class":106},[74,98566,3298],{"class":110},[74,98568,130],{"class":106},[20,98570,98571],{},[332,98572,29685],{},[65,98574,98576],{"className":67,"code":98575,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"{1, 2, 3}\n3\n",[15,98577,98578,98594],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,98579,98580,98582,98584,98586,98588,98590,98592],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,98581,8934],{"class":106},[74,98583,2632],{"class":167},[74,98585,249],{"class":106},[74,98587,620],{"class":167},[74,98589,249],{"class":106},[74,98591,2094],{"class":167},[74,98593,8965],{"class":106},[74,98595,98596],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,98597,168],{"class":167},[20,98599,20633,98600,51,98602,98604],{},[15,98601,687],{},[15,98603,321],{}," appeared more than once, the set stores each value only once.",[60,98606,98608,98609],{"id":98607},"create-a-set-with-set","Create a set with ",[15,98610,3448],{},[20,98612,176,98613,98615],{},[15,98614,3448],{}," when you want to build a set from another iterable.",[20,98617,5107],{},[30,98619,98620,98622,98624,98626],{},[33,98621,96726],{},[33,98623,96022],{},[33,98625,56117],{},[33,98627,98628],{},[15,98629,35854],{},[262,98631,98633],{"id":98632},"create-a-set-from-a-list","Create a set from a list",[65,98635,98637],{"className":67,"code":98636,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = set([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98638,98639,98673],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,98640,98641,98643,98645,98647,98649,98651,98653,98655,98657,98659,98661,98663,98665,98667,98669,98671],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,98642,3266],{"class":80},[74,98644,85],{"class":84},[74,98646,15291],{"class":1345},[74,98648,2629],{"class":106},[74,98650,2632],{"class":167},[74,98652,249],{"class":106},[74,98654,620],{"class":167},[74,98656,249],{"class":106},[74,98658,620],{"class":167},[74,98660,249],{"class":106},[74,98662,2094],{"class":167},[74,98664,249],{"class":106},[74,98666,2094],{"class":167},[74,98668,249],{"class":106},[74,98670,2100],{"class":167},[74,98672,751],{"class":106},[74,98674,98675,98677,98679,98681],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,98676,103],{"class":102},[74,98678,107],{"class":106},[74,98680,3298],{"class":110},[74,98682,260],{"class":106},[20,98684,98685],{},[332,98686,29685],{},[65,98688,98689],{"className":67,"code":95909,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,98690,98691],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,98692,98693,98695,98697,98699,98701,98703,98705,98707,98709],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,98694,8934],{"class":106},[74,98696,2632],{"class":167},[74,98698,249],{"class":106},[74,98700,620],{"class":167},[74,98702,249],{"class":106},[74,98704,2094],{"class":167},[74,98706,249],{"class":106},[74,98708,2100],{"class":167},[74,98710,8965],{"class":106},[20,98712,98713,98714,114],{},"This is a common way to remove duplicates from a list. For a full task-based example, see ",[125,98715,98717],{"href":98716},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[262,98719,98721],{"id":98720},"create-a-set-from-a-tuple","Create a set from a tuple",[65,98723,98725],{"className":67,"code":98724,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"values = set((10, 20, 20, 30))\nprint(values)\n",[15,98726,98727,98753],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,98728,98729,98731,98733,98735,98737,98739,98741,98743,98745,98747,98749,98751],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,98730,3474],{"class":80},[74,98732,85],{"class":84},[74,98734,15291],{"class":1345},[74,98736,5161],{"class":106},[74,98738,1972],{"class":167},[74,98740,249],{"class":106},[74,98742,7446],{"class":167},[74,98744,249],{"class":106},[74,98746,7446],{"class":167},[74,98748,249],{"class":106},[74,98750,7451],{"class":167},[74,98752,130],{"class":106},[74,98754,98755,98757,98759,98761],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,98756,103],{"class":102},[74,98758,107],{"class":106},[74,98760,5008],{"class":110},[74,98762,260],{"class":106},[20,98764,98765],{},[332,98766,29685],{},[65,98768,98770],{"className":67,"code":98769,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"{10, 20, 30}\n",[15,98771,98772],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,98773,98774,98776,98778,98780,98782,98784,98786],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,98775,8934],{"class":106},[74,98777,1972],{"class":167},[74,98779,249],{"class":106},[74,98781,7446],{"class":167},[74,98783,249],{"class":106},[74,98785,7451],{"class":167},[74,98787,8965],{"class":106},[262,98789,98791],{"id":98790},"create-a-set-from-a-string","Create a set from a string",[65,98793,98795],{"className":67,"code":98794,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"letters = set(\"hello\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,98796,98797,98815],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,98798,98799,98801,98803,98805,98807,98809,98811,98813],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,98800,35746],{"class":80},[74,98802,85],{"class":84},[74,98804,15291],{"class":1345},[74,98806,107],{"class":106},[74,98808,122],{"class":88},[74,98810,3497],{"class":92},[74,98812,122],{"class":88},[74,98814,260],{"class":106},[74,98816,98817,98819,98821,98823],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,98818,103],{"class":102},[74,98820,107],{"class":106},[74,98822,35799],{"class":110},[74,98824,260],{"class":106},[20,98826,98827],{},[332,98828,29685],{},[65,98830,98832],{"className":67,"code":98831,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n",[15,98833,98834],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,98835,98836,98838,98840,98842,98844,98846,98848,98850,98852,98854,98856,98858,98860,98862,98864,98866,98868],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,98837,8934],{"class":106},[74,98839,2946],{"class":88},[74,98841,60086],{"class":92},[74,98843,2946],{"class":88},[74,98845,249],{"class":106},[74,98847,2941],{"class":88},[74,98849,60095],{"class":92},[74,98851,2946],{"class":88},[74,98853,249],{"class":106},[74,98855,2941],{"class":88},[74,98857,60104],{"class":92},[74,98859,2946],{"class":88},[74,98861,249],{"class":106},[74,98863,2941],{"class":88},[74,98865,60121],{"class":92},[74,98867,2946],{"class":88},[74,98869,8965],{"class":106},[20,98871,98872],{},"The string is treated as an iterable of characters, so the set contains unique letters only.",[60,98874,98876],{"id":98875},"how-to-create-an-empty-set","How to create an empty set",[20,98878,98879,98880,114],{},"To create an empty set, use ",[15,98881,3448],{},[65,98883,98885],{"className":67,"code":98884,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,98886,98887,98897,98907],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,98888,98889,98891,98893,98895],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,98890,97929],{"class":80},[74,98892,85],{"class":84},[74,98894,15291],{"class":1345},[74,98896,8299],{"class":106},[74,98898,98899,98901,98903,98905],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,98900,103],{"class":102},[74,98902,107],{"class":106},[74,98904,97948],{"class":110},[74,98906,260],{"class":106},[74,98908,98909,98911,98913,98915,98917,98919],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,98910,103],{"class":102},[74,98912,107],{"class":106},[74,98914,1346],{"class":1345},[74,98916,107],{"class":106},[74,98918,97948],{"class":110},[74,98920,130],{"class":106},[20,98922,98923],{},[332,98924,157],{},[65,98926,98928],{"className":67,"code":98927,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"set()\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,98929,98930,98936],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,98931,98932,98934],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,98933,5939],{"class":1345},[74,98935,8299],{"class":106},[74,98937,98938,98940,98942,98944,98946,98948],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,98939,2935],{"class":84},[74,98941,2938],{"class":1711},[74,98943,2941],{"class":88},[74,98945,5939],{"class":92},[74,98947,2946],{"class":88},[74,98949,2949],{"class":84},[262,98951,44083,98953],{"id":98952},"do-not-use",[15,98954,3443],{},[20,98956,98957,98958,98960],{},"Empty braces do ",[332,98959,334],{}," create a set.",[65,98962,98964],{"className":67,"code":98963,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"empty_value = {}\nprint(empty_value)\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,98965,98966,98974,98984],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,98967,98968,98970,98972],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,98969,97873],{"class":80},[74,98971,85],{"class":84},[74,98973,9495],{"class":106},[74,98975,98976,98978,98980,98982],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,98977,103],{"class":102},[74,98979,107],{"class":106},[74,98981,97890],{"class":110},[74,98983,260],{"class":106},[74,98985,98986,98988,98990,98992,98994,98996],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,98987,103],{"class":102},[74,98989,107],{"class":106},[74,98991,1346],{"class":1345},[74,98993,107],{"class":106},[74,98995,97890],{"class":110},[74,98997,130],{"class":106},[20,98999,99000],{},[332,99001,157],{},[65,99003,99005],{"className":67,"code":99004,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"{}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,99006,99007,99011],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,99008,99009],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,99010,9091],{"class":106},[74,99012,99013,99015,99017,99019,99021,99023],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,99014,2935],{"class":84},[74,99016,2938],{"class":1711},[74,99018,2941],{"class":88},[74,99020,8477],{"class":92},[74,99022,2946],{"class":88},[74,99024,2949],{"class":84},[20,99026,99027,8444],{},[15,99028,3443],{},[60,99030,71909],{"id":71908},[20,99032,99033],{},"Sets store each value only once.",[20,99035,99036],{},"If the same value appears multiple times, Python removes the extra copies when the set is created.",[65,99038,99040],{"className":67,"code":99039,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"words = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"apple\", \"orange\"}\nprint(words)\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,99041,99042,99090,99100],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,99043,99044,99046,99048,99050,99052,99054,99056,99058,99060,99062,99064,99066,99068,99070,99072,99074,99076,99078,99080,99082,99084,99086,99088],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,99045,3722],{"class":80},[74,99047,85],{"class":84},[74,99049,10148],{"class":106},[74,99051,122],{"class":88},[74,99053,376],{"class":92},[74,99055,122],{"class":88},[74,99057,249],{"class":106},[74,99059,89],{"class":88},[74,99061,93],{"class":92},[74,99063,122],{"class":88},[74,99065,249],{"class":106},[74,99067,89],{"class":88},[74,99069,376],{"class":92},[74,99071,122],{"class":88},[74,99073,249],{"class":106},[74,99075,89],{"class":88},[74,99077,376],{"class":92},[74,99079,122],{"class":88},[74,99081,249],{"class":106},[74,99083,89],{"class":88},[74,99085,32878],{"class":92},[74,99087,122],{"class":88},[74,99089,8965],{"class":106},[74,99091,99092,99094,99096,99098],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,99093,103],{"class":102},[74,99095,107],{"class":106},[74,99097,3764],{"class":110},[74,99099,260],{"class":106},[74,99101,99102,99104,99106,99108,99110,99112],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,99103,103],{"class":102},[74,99105,107],{"class":106},[74,99107,10820],{"class":102},[74,99109,107],{"class":106},[74,99111,3764],{"class":110},[74,99113,130],{"class":106},[20,99115,99116],{},[332,99117,29685],{},[65,99119,99121],{"className":67,"code":99120,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n3\n",[15,99122,99123,99151],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,99124,99125,99127,99129,99131,99133,99135,99137,99139,99141,99143,99145,99147,99149],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,99126,8934],{"class":106},[74,99128,2946],{"class":88},[74,99130,93],{"class":92},[74,99132,2946],{"class":88},[74,99134,249],{"class":106},[74,99136,2941],{"class":88},[74,99138,32878],{"class":92},[74,99140,2946],{"class":88},[74,99142,249],{"class":106},[74,99144,2941],{"class":88},[74,99146,376],{"class":92},[74,99148,2946],{"class":88},[74,99150,8965],{"class":106},[74,99152,99153],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,99154,168],{"class":167},[20,99156,99157],{},"This is why sets are helpful for cleaning repeated data.",[60,99159,99161],{"id":99160},"values-you-can-put-in-a-set","Values you can put in a set",[20,99163,99164,99165,99167],{},"Set items must be ",[332,99166,96010],{},". In simple terms, that means Python must be able to treat the value as stable and usable inside a set.",[20,99169,99170],{},"These usually work:",[30,99172,99173,99175,99177,99179],{},[33,99174,56114],{},[33,99176,56117],{},[33,99178,96022],{},[33,99180,40252],{},[65,99182,99184],{"className":67,"code":99183,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"values = {1, \"apple\", (10, 20), True}\nprint(values)\n",[15,99185,99186,99220],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,99187,99188,99190,99192,99194,99196,99198,99200,99202,99204,99206,99208,99210,99212,99214,99216,99218],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,99189,3474],{"class":80},[74,99191,85],{"class":84},[74,99193,10148],{"class":106},[74,99195,2632],{"class":167},[74,99197,249],{"class":106},[74,99199,89],{"class":88},[74,99201,376],{"class":92},[74,99203,122],{"class":88},[74,99205,249],{"class":106},[74,99207,8892],{"class":106},[74,99209,1972],{"class":167},[74,99211,249],{"class":106},[74,99213,7446],{"class":167},[74,99215,8889],{"class":106},[74,99217,3567],{"class":3504},[74,99219,8965],{"class":106},[74,99221,99222,99224,99226,99228],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,99223,103],{"class":102},[74,99225,107],{"class":106},[74,99227,5008],{"class":110},[74,99229,260],{"class":106},[20,99231,99232,99233,99235],{},"These do ",[332,99234,334],{}," work directly:",[30,99237,99238,99240],{},[33,99239,96726],{},[33,99241,96729],{},[65,99243,99245],{"className":67,"code":99244,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"bad_set = {[1, 2, 3]}\n",[15,99246,99247],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,99248,99249,99252,99254,99257,99259,99261,99263,99265,99267],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,99250,99251],{"class":80},"bad_set ",[74,99253,85],{"class":84},[74,99255,99256],{"class":106}," {[",[74,99258,2632],{"class":167},[74,99260,249],{"class":106},[74,99262,620],{"class":167},[74,99264,249],{"class":106},[74,99266,2094],{"class":167},[74,99268,13363],{"class":106},[20,99270,99271],{},"This raises an error:",[65,99273,99274],{"className":67,"code":96785,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,99275,99276],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,99277,99278,99280,99282,99284,99286,99288,99290,99292],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,99279,2649],{"class":1345},[74,99281,679],{"class":106},[74,99283,96796],{"class":80},[74,99285,1346],{"class":1345},[74,99287,679],{"class":106},[74,99289,2941],{"class":88},[74,99291,7751],{"class":92},[74,99293,29355],{"class":88},[20,99295,51732],{},[65,99297,99299],{"className":67,"code":99298,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"bad_set = {{\"name\": \"Sam\"}}\n",[15,99300,99301],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,99302,99303,99305,99307,99310,99312,99314,99316,99318,99320,99322,99324],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,99304,99251],{"class":80},[74,99306,85],{"class":84},[74,99308,99309],{"class":106}," {{",[74,99311,122],{"class":88},[74,99313,7323],{"class":92},[74,99315,122],{"class":88},[74,99317,679],{"class":106},[74,99319,89],{"class":88},[74,99321,7332],{"class":92},[74,99323,122],{"class":88},[74,99325,99326],{"class":106},"}}\n",[20,99328,99329],{},"This also raises an error because dictionaries are unhashable.",[60,99331,99333],{"id":99332},"set-creation-examples-beginners-need","Set creation examples beginners need",[262,99335,99337],{"id":99336},"create-a-set-of-numbers","Create a set of numbers",[65,99339,99341],{"className":67,"code":99340,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99342,99343,99367],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,99344,99345,99347,99349,99351,99353,99355,99357,99359,99361,99363,99365],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,99346,3266],{"class":80},[74,99348,85],{"class":84},[74,99350,10148],{"class":106},[74,99352,2632],{"class":167},[74,99354,249],{"class":106},[74,99356,620],{"class":167},[74,99358,249],{"class":106},[74,99360,2094],{"class":167},[74,99362,249],{"class":106},[74,99364,2100],{"class":167},[74,99366,8965],{"class":106},[74,99368,99369,99371,99373,99375],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,99370,103],{"class":102},[74,99372,107],{"class":106},[74,99374,3298],{"class":110},[74,99376,260],{"class":106},[262,99378,99380],{"id":99379},"create-a-set-from-a-list-with-duplicates","Create a set from a list with duplicates",[65,99382,99384],{"className":67,"code":99383,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"items = [1, 1, 2, 3, 3]\nunique_items = set(items)\n\nprint(unique_items)\n",[15,99385,99386,99414,99429,99433],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,99387,99388,99390,99392,99394,99396,99398,99400,99402,99404,99406,99408,99410,99412],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,99389,7435],{"class":80},[74,99391,85],{"class":84},[74,99393,3271],{"class":106},[74,99395,2632],{"class":167},[74,99397,249],{"class":106},[74,99399,5148],{"class":167},[74,99401,249],{"class":106},[74,99403,620],{"class":167},[74,99405,249],{"class":106},[74,99407,2094],{"class":167},[74,99409,249],{"class":106},[74,99411,2094],{"class":167},[74,99413,3284],{"class":106},[74,99415,99416,99419,99421,99423,99425,99427],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,99417,99418],{"class":80},"unique_items ",[74,99420,85],{"class":84},[74,99422,15291],{"class":1345},[74,99424,107],{"class":106},[74,99426,7466],{"class":110},[74,99428,260],{"class":106},[74,99430,99431],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,99432,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,99434,99435,99437,99439,99442],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,99436,103],{"class":102},[74,99438,107],{"class":106},[74,99440,99441],{"class":110},"unique_items",[74,99443,260],{"class":106},[262,99445,98791],{"id":99446},"create-a-set-from-a-string-1",[65,99448,99450],{"className":67,"code":99449,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"letters = set(\"banana\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,99451,99452,99470],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,99453,99454,99456,99458,99460,99462,99464,99466,99468],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,99455,35746],{"class":80},[74,99457,85],{"class":84},[74,99459,15291],{"class":1345},[74,99461,107],{"class":106},[74,99463,122],{"class":88},[74,99465,93],{"class":92},[74,99467,122],{"class":88},[74,99469,260],{"class":106},[74,99471,99472,99474,99476,99478],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,99473,103],{"class":102},[74,99475,107],{"class":106},[74,99477,35799],{"class":110},[74,99479,260],{"class":106},[262,99481,99483],{"id":99482},"create-an-empty-set","Create an empty set",[65,99485,99487],{"className":67,"code":99486,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,99488,99489,99499],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,99490,99491,99493,99495,99497],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,99492,97929],{"class":80},[74,99494,85],{"class":84},[74,99496,15291],{"class":1345},[74,99498,8299],{"class":106},[74,99500,99501,99503,99505,99507],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,99502,103],{"class":102},[74,99504,107],{"class":106},[74,99506,97948],{"class":110},[74,99508,260],{"class":106},[60,99510,914],{"id":913},[20,99512,99513],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating sets.",[262,99515,571,99517,99519],{"id":99516},"using-and-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,99518,3443],{}," and expecting an empty set",[20,99521,99522],{},"This is one of the most common mistakes.",[65,99524,99526],{"className":67,"code":99525,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"value = {}\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,99527,99528,99536],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,99529,99530,99532,99534],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,99531,2089],{"class":80},[74,99533,85],{"class":84},[74,99535,9495],{"class":106},[74,99537,99538,99540,99542,99544,99546,99548],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,99539,103],{"class":102},[74,99541,107],{"class":106},[74,99543,1346],{"class":1345},[74,99545,107],{"class":106},[74,99547,246],{"class":110},[74,99549,130],{"class":106},[20,99551,99552],{},"This prints:",[65,99554,99555],{"className":67,"code":8464,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,99556,99557],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,99558,99559,99561,99563,99565,99567,99569],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,99560,2935],{"class":84},[74,99562,2938],{"class":1711},[74,99564,2941],{"class":88},[74,99566,8477],{"class":92},[74,99568,2946],{"class":88},[74,99570,2949],{"class":84},[20,99572,176,99573,6284],{},[15,99574,3448],{},[262,99576,99578],{"id":99577},"forgetting-that-duplicate-values-are-removed","Forgetting that duplicate values are removed",[20,99580,99581],{},"If you create a set with repeated values, the duplicates disappear.",[65,99583,99585],{"className":67,"code":99584,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99586,99587,99615],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,99588,99589,99591,99593,99595,99597,99599,99601,99603,99605,99607,99609,99611,99613],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,99590,3266],{"class":80},[74,99592,85],{"class":84},[74,99594,10148],{"class":106},[74,99596,2632],{"class":167},[74,99598,249],{"class":106},[74,99600,5148],{"class":167},[74,99602,249],{"class":106},[74,99604,620],{"class":167},[74,99606,249],{"class":106},[74,99608,620],{"class":167},[74,99610,249],{"class":106},[74,99612,2094],{"class":167},[74,99614,8965],{"class":106},[74,99616,99617,99619,99621,99623],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,99618,103],{"class":102},[74,99620,107],{"class":106},[74,99622,3298],{"class":110},[74,99624,260],{"class":106},[20,99626,99627],{},"You will only get the unique values.",[262,99629,99631],{"id":99630},"expecting-set-items-to-stay-in-a-fixed-order","Expecting set items to stay in a fixed order",[20,99633,99634],{},"A set is unordered. You should not rely on item position.",[20,99636,99637],{},"This means code like this does not work:",[65,99639,99641],{"className":67,"code":99640,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = {10, 20, 30}\n# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[15,99642,99643,99663],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,99644,99645,99647,99649,99651,99653,99655,99657,99659,99661],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,99646,3266],{"class":80},[74,99648,85],{"class":84},[74,99650,10148],{"class":106},[74,99652,1972],{"class":167},[74,99654,249],{"class":106},[74,99656,7446],{"class":167},[74,99658,249],{"class":106},[74,99660,7451],{"class":167},[74,99662,8965],{"class":106},[74,99664,99665],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,99666,99667],{"class":3314},"# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[20,99669,99670],{},"If you need ordered items by position, use a list instead.",[262,99672,99674],{"id":99673},"trying-to-put-a-list-or-dictionary-inside-a-set","Trying to put a list or dictionary inside a set",[20,99676,99677],{},"Lists and dictionaries cannot be added directly to a set because they are unhashable.",[65,99679,99681],{"className":67,"code":99680,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[15,99682,99683,99688],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,99684,99685],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,99686,99687],{"class":3314},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n",[74,99689,99690],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,99691,99692],{"class":3314},"# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[20,99694,99695,99696,114],{},"Both examples would raise a ",[15,99697,2649],{},[262,99699,99701],{"id":99700},"confusing-set-creation-with-dictionary-creation","Confusing set creation with dictionary creation",[20,99703,99704],{},"These look similar, but they are different:",[65,99706,99708],{"className":67,"code":99707,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,99709,99710,99730,99762,99766,99780],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,99711,99712,99714,99716,99718,99720,99722,99724,99726,99728],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,99713,15286],{"class":80},[74,99715,85],{"class":84},[74,99717,10148],{"class":106},[74,99719,2632],{"class":167},[74,99721,249],{"class":106},[74,99723,620],{"class":167},[74,99725,249],{"class":106},[74,99727,2094],{"class":167},[74,99729,8965],{"class":106},[74,99731,99732,99734,99736,99738,99740,99742,99744,99746,99748,99750,99752,99754,99756,99758,99760],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,99733,11382],{"class":80},[74,99735,85],{"class":84},[74,99737,10148],{"class":106},[74,99739,122],{"class":88},[74,99741,125],{"class":92},[74,99743,122],{"class":88},[74,99745,679],{"class":106},[74,99747,5148],{"class":167},[74,99749,249],{"class":106},[74,99751,89],{"class":88},[74,99753,4412],{"class":92},[74,99755,122],{"class":88},[74,99757,679],{"class":106},[74,99759,620],{"class":167},[74,99761,8965],{"class":106},[74,99763,99764],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,99765,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,99767,99768,99770,99772,99774,99776,99778],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,99769,103],{"class":102},[74,99771,107],{"class":106},[74,99773,1346],{"class":1345},[74,99775,107],{"class":106},[74,99777,15324],{"class":110},[74,99779,130],{"class":106},[74,99781,99782,99784,99786,99788,99790,99792],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,99783,103],{"class":102},[74,99785,107],{"class":106},[74,99787,1346],{"class":1345},[74,99789,107],{"class":106},[74,99791,11108],{"class":110},[74,99793,130],{"class":106},[60,99795,92422],{"id":92421},[20,99797,99798],{},"If you are not sure what Python created, these quick checks help:",[65,99800,99802],{"className":67,"code":99801,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"my_set = set([1, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint({})\nprint(set())\n",[15,99803,99804,99830,99834,99848,99858,99872,99879],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,99805,99806,99808,99810,99812,99814,99816,99818,99820,99822,99824,99826,99828],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,99807,15286],{"class":80},[74,99809,85],{"class":84},[74,99811,15291],{"class":1345},[74,99813,2629],{"class":106},[74,99815,2632],{"class":167},[74,99817,249],{"class":106},[74,99819,620],{"class":167},[74,99821,249],{"class":106},[74,99823,620],{"class":167},[74,99825,249],{"class":106},[74,99827,2094],{"class":167},[74,99829,751],{"class":106},[74,99831,99832],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,99833,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,99835,99836,99838,99840,99842,99844,99846],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,99837,103],{"class":102},[74,99839,107],{"class":106},[74,99841,1346],{"class":1345},[74,99843,107],{"class":106},[74,99845,15324],{"class":110},[74,99847,130],{"class":106},[74,99849,99850,99852,99854,99856],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,99851,103],{"class":102},[74,99853,107],{"class":106},[74,99855,15324],{"class":110},[74,99857,260],{"class":106},[74,99859,99860,99862,99864,99866,99868,99870],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,99861,103],{"class":102},[74,99863,107],{"class":106},[74,99865,10820],{"class":102},[74,99867,107],{"class":106},[74,99869,15324],{"class":110},[74,99871,130],{"class":106},[74,99873,99874,99876],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,99875,103],{"class":102},[74,99877,99878],{"class":106},"({})\n",[74,99880,99881,99883,99885,99887],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,99882,103],{"class":102},[74,99884,107],{"class":106},[74,99886,5939],{"class":1345},[74,99888,6848],{"class":106},[20,99890,99891],{},"Use these to confirm:",[30,99893,99894,99897,99900,99903],{},[33,99895,99896],{},"The object type",[33,99898,99899],{},"The actual values stored",[33,99901,99902],{},"Whether duplicates were removed",[33,99904,99905,99906,51,99908],{},"The difference between ",[15,99907,3443],{},[15,99909,3448],{},[60,99911,1471],{"id":1470},[262,99913,99915],{"id":99914},"how-do-you-create-a-set-in-python","How do you create a set in Python?",[20,99917,99918,99919,99922,99923,99925],{},"Use curly braces for a non-empty set, like ",[15,99920,99921],{},"{1, 2, 3}",", or use ",[15,99924,3448],{}," with another iterable.",[262,99927,99929],{"id":99928},"how-do-you-create-an-empty-set-in-python","How do you create an empty set in Python?",[20,99931,176,99932,99934,99935,99937],{},[15,99933,3448],{},". Empty braces ",[15,99936,3443],{}," create a dictionary, not a set.",[262,99939,99941],{"id":99940},"does-a-set-keep-duplicates","Does a set keep duplicates?",[20,99943,99944],{},"No. Python removes duplicate values automatically when the set is created.",[262,99946,99948],{"id":99947},"can-a-set-contain-a-list","Can a set contain a list?",[20,99950,99951],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so they cannot be stored inside a set.",[262,99953,99955],{"id":99954},"is-a-set-ordered-in-python","Is a set ordered in Python?",[20,99957,99958],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item position.",[60,99960,1527],{"id":1526},[30,99962,99963,99967,99973,99979,99984],{},[33,99964,99965],{},[125,99966,95967],{"href":97138},[33,99968,99969],{},[125,99970,3223,99971,10399],{"href":98139},[15,99972,95847],{},[33,99974,99975],{},[125,99976,3223,99977,10399],{"href":98158},[15,99978,96953],{},[33,99980,99981],{},[125,99982,99983],{"href":98716},"How to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[33,99985,99986],{},[125,99987,99988],{"href":98430},"What is a set in Python?",[20,99990,99991],{},"Next, learn how to add items to a set or use a set to remove duplicates from data.",[1566,99993,99994],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":70,"searchDepth":99,"depth":99,"links":99996},[99997,99998,99999,100000,100003,100009,100013,100014,100015,100021,100029,100030,100037],{"id":3255,"depth":99,"text":3256},{"id":14819,"depth":99,"text":14820},{"id":98402,"depth":99,"text":98403},{"id":98434,"depth":99,"text":98435,"children":100001},[100002],{"id":98503,"depth":133,"text":98504},{"id":98607,"depth":99,"text":100004,"children":100005},"Create a set with set()",[100006,100007,100008],{"id":98632,"depth":133,"text":98633},{"id":98720,"depth":133,"text":98721},{"id":98790,"depth":133,"text":98791},{"id":98875,"depth":99,"text":98876,"children":100010},[100011],{"id":98952,"depth":133,"text":100012},"Do not use {}",{"id":71908,"depth":99,"text":71909},{"id":99160,"depth":99,"text":99161},{"id":99332,"depth":99,"text":99333,"children":100016},[100017,100018,100019,100020],{"id":99336,"depth":133,"text":99337},{"id":99379,"depth":133,"text":99380},{"id":99446,"depth":133,"text":98791},{"id":99482,"depth":133,"text":99483},{"id":913,"depth":99,"text":914,"children":100022},[100023,100025,100026,100027,100028],{"id":99516,"depth":133,"text":100024},"Using {} and expecting an empty set",{"id":99577,"depth":133,"text":99578},{"id":99630,"depth":133,"text":99631},{"id":99673,"depth":133,"text":99674},{"id":99700,"depth":133,"text":99701},{"id":92421,"depth":99,"text":92422},{"id":1470,"depth":99,"text":1471,"children":100031},[100032,100033,100034,100035,100036],{"id":99914,"depth":133,"text":99915},{"id":99928,"depth":133,"text":99929},{"id":99940,"depth":133,"text":99941},{"id":99947,"depth":133,"text":99948},{"id":99954,"depth":133,"text":99955},{"id":1526,"depth":99,"text":1527},"Master python set creating a set in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":98205,"description":100038},"reference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","F7KVZkLoMkGFL1kMVB2Scd2DlvV1I1oMzOpp-WRoVog",{"id":100044,"title":100045,"body":100046,"description":102476,"extension":1610,"meta":102477,"navigation":407,"path":102478,"seo":102479,"stem":102480,"__hash__":102481},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method.md","Python Set difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":100047,"toc":102441},[100048,100054,100060,100063,100065,100142,100144,100161,100171,100173,100178,100186,100188,100204,100208,100210,100212,100215,100236,100239,100263,100269,100271,100368,100370,100387,100397,100399,100401,100409,100411,100422,100424,100515,100517,100541,100552,100554,100556,100559,100689,100691,100764,100766,100787,100790,100792,100798,100803,100806,100933,100935,100952,100955,100957,100965,100968,100972,100980,101071,101073,101110,101115,101122,101199,101201,101217,101222,101227,101229,101237,101245,101326,101328,101357,101360,101364,101375,101378,101461,101463,101484,101490,101492,101494,101498,101502,101509,101574,101576,101596,101599,101668,101670,101686,101690,101696,101708,101716,101718,101803,101805,101834,101837,101841,101846,101848,101898,101901,101982,101984,102000,102004,102007,102082,102085,102089,102092,102169,102171,102204,102210,102214,102217,102352,102354,102368,102370,102372,102378,102381,102388,102396,102402,102405,102409,102412,102414,102416,102438],[10,100049,95839,100051,18],{"id":100050},"python-set-difference-method",[15,100052,100053],{},"difference()",[20,100055,100056,100059],{},[15,100057,100058],{},"set.difference()"," returns the values that are in one set but not in another.",[20,100061,100062],{},"This is useful when you want to find items that exist in the first set and remove anything that also appears in one or more other sets.",[60,100064,3256],{"id":3255},[65,100066,100068],{"className":67,"code":100067,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\nresult = a.difference(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100069,100070,100094,100114,100132],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,100071,100072,100074,100076,100078,100080,100082,100084,100086,100088,100090,100092],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,100073,2198],{"class":80},[74,100075,85],{"class":84},[74,100077,10148],{"class":106},[74,100079,2632],{"class":167},[74,100081,249],{"class":106},[74,100083,620],{"class":167},[74,100085,249],{"class":106},[74,100087,2094],{"class":167},[74,100089,249],{"class":106},[74,100091,2100],{"class":167},[74,100093,8965],{"class":106},[74,100095,100096,100098,100100,100102,100104,100106,100108,100110,100112],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,100097,2226],{"class":80},[74,100099,85],{"class":84},[74,100101,10148],{"class":106},[74,100103,321],{"class":167},[74,100105,249],{"class":106},[74,100107,2100],{"class":167},[74,100109,249],{"class":106},[74,100111,651],{"class":167},[74,100113,8965],{"class":106},[74,100115,100116,100118,100120,100122,100124,100126,100128,100130],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,100117,383],{"class":80},[74,100119,85],{"class":84},[74,100121,56540],{"class":80},[74,100123,114],{"class":106},[74,100125,2456],{"class":110},[74,100127,107],{"class":106},[74,100129,4412],{"class":110},[74,100131,260],{"class":106},[74,100133,100134,100136,100138,100140],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,100135,103],{"class":102},[74,100137,107],{"class":106},[74,100139,418],{"class":110},[74,100141,260],{"class":106},[20,100143,157],{},[65,100145,100147],{"className":67,"code":100146,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"{1, 2}\n",[15,100148,100149],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,100150,100151,100153,100155,100157,100159],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,100152,8934],{"class":106},[74,100154,2632],{"class":167},[74,100156,249],{"class":106},[74,100158,620],{"class":167},[74,100160,8965],{"class":106},[20,100162,100163,100165,100166,100168,100169,114],{},[15,100164,100053],{}," returns a new set with items from ",[15,100167,125],{}," that are not in ",[15,100170,4412],{},[44570,100172],{},[60,100174,3328,100176,38],{"id":100175},"what-difference-does",[15,100177,100053],{},[20,100179,1627,100180,100182,100183,100185],{},[15,100181,100053],{}," method compares sets and keeps only the values from the first set that do ",[332,100184,334],{}," appear in the other set.",[20,100187,195],{},[30,100189,100190,100195,100198,100201],{},[33,100191,100192,100194],{},[15,100193,100053],{}," returns items that are in the first set but not in the other set",[33,100196,100197],{},"It creates a new set",[33,100199,100200],{},"It does not change the original set",[33,100202,100203],{},"It is useful for finding removed, missing, or unique values",[20,100205,95963,100206,114],{},[125,100207,95967],{"href":97138},[44570,100209],{},[60,100211,227],{"id":226},[20,100213,100214],{},"Use this form:",[65,100216,100218],{"className":67,"code":100217,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"set1.difference(set2)\n",[15,100219,100220],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,100221,100222,100225,100227,100229,100231,100234],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,100223,100224],{"class":80},"set1",[74,100226,114],{"class":106},[74,100228,2456],{"class":110},[74,100230,107],{"class":106},[74,100232,100233],{"class":110},"set2",[74,100235,260],{"class":106},[20,100237,100238],{},"You can also compare against more than one set:",[65,100240,100242],{"className":67,"code":100241,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"set1.difference(set2, set3)\n",[15,100243,100244],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,100245,100246,100248,100250,100252,100254,100256,100258,100261],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,100247,100224],{"class":80},[74,100249,114],{"class":106},[74,100251,2456],{"class":110},[74,100253,107],{"class":106},[74,100255,100233],{"class":110},[74,100257,249],{"class":106},[74,100259,100260],{"class":110}," set3",[74,100262,260],{"class":106},[20,100264,100265,100266,100268],{},"In that case, Python removes any value found in ",[332,100267,5003],{}," of the other sets.",[20,100270,506],{},[65,100272,100274],{"className":67,"code":100273,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2, 3}\nc = {5}\n\nresult = a.difference(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100275,100276,100304,100320,100332,100336,100358],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,100277,100278,100280,100282,100284,100286,100288,100290,100292,100294,100296,100298,100300,100302],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,100279,2198],{"class":80},[74,100281,85],{"class":84},[74,100283,10148],{"class":106},[74,100285,2632],{"class":167},[74,100287,249],{"class":106},[74,100289,620],{"class":167},[74,100291,249],{"class":106},[74,100293,2094],{"class":167},[74,100295,249],{"class":106},[74,100297,2100],{"class":167},[74,100299,249],{"class":106},[74,100301,651],{"class":167},[74,100303,8965],{"class":106},[74,100305,100306,100308,100310,100312,100314,100316,100318],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,100307,2226],{"class":80},[74,100309,85],{"class":84},[74,100311,10148],{"class":106},[74,100313,687],{"class":167},[74,100315,249],{"class":106},[74,100317,2094],{"class":167},[74,100319,8965],{"class":106},[74,100321,100322,100324,100326,100328,100330],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,100323,82823],{"class":80},[74,100325,85],{"class":84},[74,100327,10148],{"class":106},[74,100329,711],{"class":167},[74,100331,8965],{"class":106},[74,100333,100334],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,100335,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,100337,100338,100340,100342,100344,100346,100348,100350,100352,100354,100356],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,100339,383],{"class":80},[74,100341,85],{"class":84},[74,100343,56540],{"class":80},[74,100345,114],{"class":106},[74,100347,2456],{"class":110},[74,100349,107],{"class":106},[74,100351,4412],{"class":110},[74,100353,249],{"class":106},[74,100355,9338],{"class":110},[74,100357,260],{"class":106},[74,100359,100360,100362,100364,100366],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,100361,103],{"class":102},[74,100363,107],{"class":106},[74,100365,418],{"class":110},[74,100367,260],{"class":106},[20,100369,157],{},[65,100371,100373],{"className":67,"code":100372,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"{1, 4}\n",[15,100374,100375],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,100376,100377,100379,100381,100383,100385],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,100378,8934],{"class":106},[74,100380,2632],{"class":167},[74,100382,249],{"class":106},[74,100384,2100],{"class":167},[74,100386,8965],{"class":106},[20,100388,100389,100390,100392,100393,339,100395,114],{},"Here, Python starts with ",[15,100391,125],{}," and removes anything found in ",[15,100394,4412],{},[15,100396,9396],{},[44570,100398],{},[60,100400,305],{"id":304},[20,100402,100403,100405,100406,114],{},[15,100404,100053],{}," always returns a ",[332,100407,100408],{},"new set",[20,100410,43305],{},[30,100412,100413,100416,100419],{},[33,100414,100415],{},"The return value is a new set",[33,100417,100418],{},"The result may be an empty set if all items are removed",[33,100420,100421],{},"The result is still a set, even if nothing remains",[20,100423,506],{},[65,100425,100427],{"className":67,"code":100426,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,100428,100429,100445,100465,100469,100487,100491,100501],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,100430,100431,100433,100435,100437,100439,100441,100443],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,100432,2198],{"class":80},[74,100434,85],{"class":84},[74,100436,10148],{"class":106},[74,100438,2632],{"class":167},[74,100440,249],{"class":106},[74,100442,620],{"class":167},[74,100444,8965],{"class":106},[74,100446,100447,100449,100451,100453,100455,100457,100459,100461,100463],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,100448,2226],{"class":80},[74,100450,85],{"class":84},[74,100452,10148],{"class":106},[74,100454,2632],{"class":167},[74,100456,249],{"class":106},[74,100458,620],{"class":167},[74,100460,249],{"class":106},[74,100462,2094],{"class":167},[74,100464,8965],{"class":106},[74,100466,100467],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,100468,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,100470,100471,100473,100475,100477,100479,100481,100483,100485],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,100472,383],{"class":80},[74,100474,85],{"class":84},[74,100476,56540],{"class":80},[74,100478,114],{"class":106},[74,100480,2456],{"class":110},[74,100482,107],{"class":106},[74,100484,4412],{"class":110},[74,100486,260],{"class":106},[74,100488,100489],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,100490,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,100492,100493,100495,100497,100499],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,100494,103],{"class":102},[74,100496,107],{"class":106},[74,100498,418],{"class":110},[74,100500,260],{"class":106},[74,100502,100503,100505,100507,100509,100511,100513],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,100504,103],{"class":102},[74,100506,107],{"class":106},[74,100508,1346],{"class":1345},[74,100510,107],{"class":106},[74,100512,418],{"class":110},[74,100514,130],{"class":106},[20,100516,157],{},[65,100518,100519],{"className":67,"code":98927,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,100520,100521,100527],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,100522,100523,100525],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,100524,5939],{"class":1345},[74,100526,8299],{"class":106},[74,100528,100529,100531,100533,100535,100537,100539],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,100530,2935],{"class":84},[74,100532,2938],{"class":1711},[74,100534,2941],{"class":88},[74,100536,5939],{"class":92},[74,100538,2946],{"class":88},[74,100540,2949],{"class":84},[20,100542,100543,100544,18618,100546,100548,100549,100551],{},"An empty set is shown as ",[15,100545,3448],{},[15,100547,3443],{},". In Python, ",[15,100550,3443],{}," means an empty dictionary.",[44570,100553],{},[60,100555,357],{"id":356},[20,100557,100558],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets:",[65,100560,100562],{"className":67,"code":100561,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"fruits_a = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits_b = {\"banana\", \"orange\", \"grape\"}\n\nresult = fruits_a.difference(fruits_b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits_a)\nprint(fruits_b)\n",[15,100563,100564,100597,100630,100634,100654,100658,100668,100679],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,100565,100566,100569,100571,100573,100575,100577,100579,100581,100583,100585,100587,100589,100591,100593,100595],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,100567,100568],{"class":80},"fruits_a ",[74,100570,85],{"class":84},[74,100572,10148],{"class":106},[74,100574,122],{"class":88},[74,100576,376],{"class":92},[74,100578,122],{"class":88},[74,100580,249],{"class":106},[74,100582,89],{"class":88},[74,100584,93],{"class":92},[74,100586,122],{"class":88},[74,100588,249],{"class":106},[74,100590,89],{"class":88},[74,100592,32878],{"class":92},[74,100594,122],{"class":88},[74,100596,8965],{"class":106},[74,100598,100599,100602,100604,100606,100608,100610,100612,100614,100616,100618,100620,100622,100624,100626,100628],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,100600,100601],{"class":80},"fruits_b ",[74,100603,85],{"class":84},[74,100605,10148],{"class":106},[74,100607,122],{"class":88},[74,100609,93],{"class":92},[74,100611,122],{"class":88},[74,100613,249],{"class":106},[74,100615,89],{"class":88},[74,100617,32878],{"class":92},[74,100619,122],{"class":88},[74,100621,249],{"class":106},[74,100623,89],{"class":88},[74,100625,22189],{"class":92},[74,100627,122],{"class":88},[74,100629,8965],{"class":106},[74,100631,100632],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,100633,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,100635,100636,100638,100640,100643,100645,100647,100649,100652],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,100637,383],{"class":80},[74,100639,85],{"class":84},[74,100641,100642],{"class":80}," fruits_a",[74,100644,114],{"class":106},[74,100646,2456],{"class":110},[74,100648,107],{"class":106},[74,100650,100651],{"class":110},"fruits_b",[74,100653,260],{"class":106},[74,100655,100656],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,100657,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,100659,100660,100662,100664,100666],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,100661,103],{"class":102},[74,100663,107],{"class":106},[74,100665,418],{"class":110},[74,100667,260],{"class":106},[74,100669,100670,100672,100674,100677],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,100671,103],{"class":102},[74,100673,107],{"class":106},[74,100675,100676],{"class":110},"fruits_a",[74,100678,260],{"class":106},[74,100680,100681,100683,100685,100687],{"class":76,"line":6079},[74,100682,103],{"class":102},[74,100684,107],{"class":106},[74,100686,100651],{"class":110},[74,100688,260],{"class":106},[20,100690,29685],{},[65,100692,100694],{"className":67,"code":100693,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"{'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'grape'}\n",[15,100695,100696,100708,100736],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,100697,100698,100700,100702,100704,100706],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,100699,8934],{"class":106},[74,100701,2946],{"class":88},[74,100703,376],{"class":92},[74,100705,2946],{"class":88},[74,100707,8965],{"class":106},[74,100709,100710,100712,100714,100716,100718,100720,100722,100724,100726,100728,100730,100732,100734],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,100711,8934],{"class":106},[74,100713,2946],{"class":88},[74,100715,93],{"class":92},[74,100717,2946],{"class":88},[74,100719,249],{"class":106},[74,100721,2941],{"class":88},[74,100723,32878],{"class":92},[74,100725,2946],{"class":88},[74,100727,249],{"class":106},[74,100729,2941],{"class":88},[74,100731,376],{"class":92},[74,100733,2946],{"class":88},[74,100735,8965],{"class":106},[74,100737,100738,100740,100742,100744,100746,100748,100750,100752,100754,100756,100758,100760,100762],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,100739,8934],{"class":106},[74,100741,2946],{"class":88},[74,100743,93],{"class":92},[74,100745,2946],{"class":88},[74,100747,249],{"class":106},[74,100749,2941],{"class":88},[74,100751,32878],{"class":92},[74,100753,2946],{"class":88},[74,100755,249],{"class":106},[74,100757,2941],{"class":88},[74,100759,22189],{"class":92},[74,100761,2946],{"class":88},[74,100763,8965],{"class":106},[20,100765,11341],{},[30,100767,100768,100773,100778,100784],{},[33,100769,100770,100771],{},"Start with ",[15,100772,100676],{},[33,100774,100775,100776],{},"Remove any values also found in ",[15,100777,100651],{},[33,100779,100780,100781,100783],{},"Only ",[15,100782,440],{}," remains",[33,100785,100786],{},"The original sets stay unchanged",[20,100788,100789],{},"Notice that the printed order may look different. Sets do not keep items in a fixed order.",[44570,100791],{},[60,100793,571,100795,100797],{"id":100794},"using-difference-with-multiple-sets",[15,100796,100053],{}," with multiple sets",[20,100799,100800,100801,114],{},"You can pass two or more sets into ",[15,100802,100053],{},[20,100804,100805],{},"Python removes any value from the first set if that value appears in any of the other sets.",[65,100807,100809],{"className":67,"code":100808,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\ngroup_a = {2, 4}\ngroup_b = {5}\ngroup_c = {6, 7}\n\nresult = numbers.difference(group_a, group_b, group_c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100810,100811,100843,100860,100873,100890,100894,100923],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,100812,100813,100815,100817,100819,100821,100823,100825,100827,100829,100831,100833,100835,100837,100839,100841],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,100814,3266],{"class":80},[74,100816,85],{"class":84},[74,100818,10148],{"class":106},[74,100820,2632],{"class":167},[74,100822,249],{"class":106},[74,100824,620],{"class":167},[74,100826,249],{"class":106},[74,100828,2094],{"class":167},[74,100830,249],{"class":106},[74,100832,2100],{"class":167},[74,100834,249],{"class":106},[74,100836,651],{"class":167},[74,100838,249],{"class":106},[74,100840,37299],{"class":167},[74,100842,8965],{"class":106},[74,100844,100845,100848,100850,100852,100854,100856,100858],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,100846,100847],{"class":80},"group_a ",[74,100849,85],{"class":84},[74,100851,10148],{"class":106},[74,100853,687],{"class":167},[74,100855,249],{"class":106},[74,100857,2100],{"class":167},[74,100859,8965],{"class":106},[74,100861,100862,100865,100867,100869,100871],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,100863,100864],{"class":80},"group_b ",[74,100866,85],{"class":84},[74,100868,10148],{"class":106},[74,100870,711],{"class":167},[74,100872,8965],{"class":106},[74,100874,100875,100878,100880,100882,100884,100886,100888],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,100876,100877],{"class":80},"group_c ",[74,100879,85],{"class":84},[74,100881,10148],{"class":106},[74,100883,80231],{"class":167},[74,100885,249],{"class":106},[74,100887,5645],{"class":167},[74,100889,8965],{"class":106},[74,100891,100892],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,100893,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,100895,100896,100898,100900,100902,100904,100906,100908,100911,100913,100916,100918,100921],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,100897,383],{"class":80},[74,100899,85],{"class":84},[74,100901,3914],{"class":80},[74,100903,114],{"class":106},[74,100905,2456],{"class":110},[74,100907,107],{"class":106},[74,100909,100910],{"class":110},"group_a",[74,100912,249],{"class":106},[74,100914,100915],{"class":110}," group_b",[74,100917,249],{"class":106},[74,100919,100920],{"class":110}," group_c",[74,100922,260],{"class":106},[74,100924,100925,100927,100929,100931],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,100926,103],{"class":102},[74,100928,107],{"class":106},[74,100930,418],{"class":110},[74,100932,260],{"class":106},[20,100934,157],{},[65,100936,100938],{"className":67,"code":100937,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"{1, 3}\n",[15,100939,100940],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,100941,100942,100944,100946,100948,100950],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,100943,8934],{"class":106},[74,100945,2632],{"class":167},[74,100947,249],{"class":106},[74,100949,2094],{"class":167},[74,100951,8965],{"class":106},[20,100953,100954],{},"This is helpful when you want to compare one main set against several groups at once.",[44570,100956],{},[60,100958,100960,10243,100962],{"id":100959},"difference-vs-difference_update",[15,100961,100053],{},[15,100963,100964],{},"difference_update()",[20,100966,100967],{},"These two methods are similar, but they work differently.",[262,100969,100970],{"id":2456},[15,100971,100053],{},[30,100973,100974,100977],{},[33,100975,100976],{},"Returns a new set",[33,100978,100979],{},"Does not change the original set",[65,100981,100983],{"className":67,"code":100982,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(a)\n",[15,100984,100985,101009,101025,101029,101047,101051,101061],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,100986,100987,100989,100991,100993,100995,100997,100999,101001,101003,101005,101007],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,100988,2198],{"class":80},[74,100990,85],{"class":84},[74,100992,10148],{"class":106},[74,100994,2632],{"class":167},[74,100996,249],{"class":106},[74,100998,620],{"class":167},[74,101000,249],{"class":106},[74,101002,2094],{"class":167},[74,101004,249],{"class":106},[74,101006,2100],{"class":167},[74,101008,8965],{"class":106},[74,101010,101011,101013,101015,101017,101019,101021,101023],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,101012,2226],{"class":80},[74,101014,85],{"class":84},[74,101016,10148],{"class":106},[74,101018,321],{"class":167},[74,101020,249],{"class":106},[74,101022,2100],{"class":167},[74,101024,8965],{"class":106},[74,101026,101027],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,101028,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,101030,101031,101033,101035,101037,101039,101041,101043,101045],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,101032,383],{"class":80},[74,101034,85],{"class":84},[74,101036,56540],{"class":80},[74,101038,114],{"class":106},[74,101040,2456],{"class":110},[74,101042,107],{"class":106},[74,101044,4412],{"class":110},[74,101046,260],{"class":106},[74,101048,101049],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,101050,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,101052,101053,101055,101057,101059],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,101054,103],{"class":102},[74,101056,107],{"class":106},[74,101058,418],{"class":110},[74,101060,260],{"class":106},[74,101062,101063,101065,101067,101069],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,101064,103],{"class":102},[74,101066,107],{"class":106},[74,101068,125],{"class":110},[74,101070,260],{"class":106},[20,101072,157],{},[65,101074,101076],{"className":67,"code":101075,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,101077,101078,101090],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,101079,101080,101082,101084,101086,101088],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,101081,8934],{"class":106},[74,101083,2632],{"class":167},[74,101085,249],{"class":106},[74,101087,620],{"class":167},[74,101089,8965],{"class":106},[74,101091,101092,101094,101096,101098,101100,101102,101104,101106,101108],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,101093,8934],{"class":106},[74,101095,2632],{"class":167},[74,101097,249],{"class":106},[74,101099,620],{"class":167},[74,101101,249],{"class":106},[74,101103,2094],{"class":167},[74,101105,249],{"class":106},[74,101107,2100],{"class":167},[74,101109,8965],{"class":106},[262,101111,101113],{"id":101112},"difference_update",[15,101114,100964],{},[30,101116,101117,101120],{},[33,101118,101119],{},"Changes the original set",[33,101121,95957],{},[65,101123,101125],{"className":67,"code":101124,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\na.difference_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,101126,101127,101151,101167,101171,101185,101189],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,101128,101129,101131,101133,101135,101137,101139,101141,101143,101145,101147,101149],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,101130,2198],{"class":80},[74,101132,85],{"class":84},[74,101134,10148],{"class":106},[74,101136,2632],{"class":167},[74,101138,249],{"class":106},[74,101140,620],{"class":167},[74,101142,249],{"class":106},[74,101144,2094],{"class":167},[74,101146,249],{"class":106},[74,101148,2100],{"class":167},[74,101150,8965],{"class":106},[74,101152,101153,101155,101157,101159,101161,101163,101165],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,101154,2226],{"class":80},[74,101156,85],{"class":84},[74,101158,10148],{"class":106},[74,101160,321],{"class":167},[74,101162,249],{"class":106},[74,101164,2100],{"class":167},[74,101166,8965],{"class":106},[74,101168,101169],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,101170,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,101172,101173,101175,101177,101179,101181,101183],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,101174,125],{"class":80},[74,101176,114],{"class":106},[74,101178,101112],{"class":110},[74,101180,107],{"class":106},[74,101182,4412],{"class":110},[74,101184,260],{"class":106},[74,101186,101187],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,101188,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,101190,101191,101193,101195,101197],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,101192,103],{"class":102},[74,101194,107],{"class":106},[74,101196,125],{"class":110},[74,101198,260],{"class":106},[20,101200,157],{},[65,101202,101203],{"className":67,"code":100146,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,101204,101205],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,101206,101207,101209,101211,101213,101215],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,101208,8934],{"class":106},[74,101210,2632],{"class":167},[74,101212,249],{"class":106},[74,101214,620],{"class":167},[74,101216,8965],{"class":106},[20,101218,176,101219,101221],{},[15,101220,100053],{}," when you want to keep the original data.",[20,101223,101224,101225,33258],{},"For more on the in-place version, see Python set ",[15,101226,100964],{},[44570,101228],{},[60,101230,101232,101234,101235,352],{"id":101231},"difference-vs-the-operator",[15,101233,100053],{}," vs the ",[15,101236,1669],{},[20,101238,1627,101239,101241,101242,101244],{},[15,101240,1669],{}," operator does the same kind of comparison as ",[15,101243,100053],{}," for two sets.",[65,101246,101248],{"className":67,"code":101247,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(a - b)\n",[15,101249,101250,101274,101290,101294,101312],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,101251,101252,101254,101256,101258,101260,101262,101264,101266,101268,101270,101272],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,101253,2198],{"class":80},[74,101255,85],{"class":84},[74,101257,10148],{"class":106},[74,101259,2632],{"class":167},[74,101261,249],{"class":106},[74,101263,620],{"class":167},[74,101265,249],{"class":106},[74,101267,2094],{"class":167},[74,101269,249],{"class":106},[74,101271,2100],{"class":167},[74,101273,8965],{"class":106},[74,101275,101276,101278,101280,101282,101284,101286,101288],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,101277,2226],{"class":80},[74,101279,85],{"class":84},[74,101281,10148],{"class":106},[74,101283,321],{"class":167},[74,101285,249],{"class":106},[74,101287,2100],{"class":167},[74,101289,8965],{"class":106},[74,101291,101292],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,101293,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,101295,101296,101298,101300,101302,101304,101306,101308,101310],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,101297,103],{"class":102},[74,101299,107],{"class":106},[74,101301,125],{"class":110},[74,101303,114],{"class":106},[74,101305,2456],{"class":110},[74,101307,107],{"class":106},[74,101309,4412],{"class":110},[74,101311,130],{"class":106},[74,101313,101314,101316,101318,101320,101322,101324],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,101315,103],{"class":102},[74,101317,107],{"class":106},[74,101319,2198],{"class":110},[74,101321,1669],{"class":84},[74,101323,2203],{"class":110},[74,101325,260],{"class":106},[20,101327,157],{},[65,101329,101331],{"className":67,"code":101330,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,101332,101333,101345],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,101334,101335,101337,101339,101341,101343],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,101336,8934],{"class":106},[74,101338,2632],{"class":167},[74,101340,249],{"class":106},[74,101342,620],{"class":167},[74,101344,8965],{"class":106},[74,101346,101347,101349,101351,101353,101355],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,101348,8934],{"class":106},[74,101350,2632],{"class":167},[74,101352,249],{"class":106},[74,101354,620],{"class":167},[74,101356,8965],{"class":106},[20,101358,101359],{},"Both lines give the same result.",[20,101361,94227,101362,2135],{},[15,101363,100053],{},[30,101365,101366,101369,101372],{},[33,101367,101368],{},"It is often clearer for beginners",[33,101370,101371],{},"The method name explains what the code is doing",[33,101373,101374],{},"It easily supports multiple sets",[20,101376,101377],{},"Example with multiple sets:",[65,101379,101381],{"className":67,"code":101380,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2}\nc = {4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b, c))\n",[15,101382,101383,101411,101423,101435,101439],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,101384,101385,101387,101389,101391,101393,101395,101397,101399,101401,101403,101405,101407,101409],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,101386,2198],{"class":80},[74,101388,85],{"class":84},[74,101390,10148],{"class":106},[74,101392,2632],{"class":167},[74,101394,249],{"class":106},[74,101396,620],{"class":167},[74,101398,249],{"class":106},[74,101400,2094],{"class":167},[74,101402,249],{"class":106},[74,101404,2100],{"class":167},[74,101406,249],{"class":106},[74,101408,651],{"class":167},[74,101410,8965],{"class":106},[74,101412,101413,101415,101417,101419,101421],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,101414,2226],{"class":80},[74,101416,85],{"class":84},[74,101418,10148],{"class":106},[74,101420,687],{"class":167},[74,101422,8965],{"class":106},[74,101424,101425,101427,101429,101431,101433],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,101426,82823],{"class":80},[74,101428,85],{"class":84},[74,101430,10148],{"class":106},[74,101432,2148],{"class":167},[74,101434,8965],{"class":106},[74,101436,101437],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,101438,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,101440,101441,101443,101445,101447,101449,101451,101453,101455,101457,101459],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,101442,103],{"class":102},[74,101444,107],{"class":106},[74,101446,125],{"class":110},[74,101448,114],{"class":106},[74,101450,2456],{"class":110},[74,101452,107],{"class":106},[74,101454,4412],{"class":110},[74,101456,249],{"class":106},[74,101458,9338],{"class":110},[74,101460,130],{"class":106},[20,101462,157],{},[65,101464,101466],{"className":67,"code":101465,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"{1, 3, 5}\n",[15,101467,101468],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,101469,101470,101472,101474,101476,101478,101480,101482],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,101471,8934],{"class":106},[74,101473,2632],{"class":167},[74,101475,249],{"class":106},[74,101477,2094],{"class":167},[74,101479,249],{"class":106},[74,101481,651],{"class":167},[74,101483,8965],{"class":106},[20,101485,101486,101487,101489],{},"You cannot write that in the same simple way with a single ",[15,101488,1669],{}," operator expression.",[44570,101491],{},[60,101493,4170],{"id":4169},[20,101495,20867,101496,114],{},[15,101497,100053],{},[262,101499,101501],{"id":101500},"expecting-the-original-set-to-change","Expecting the original set to change",[20,101503,4279,101504,101506,101507,679],{},[332,101505,334],{}," change ",[15,101508,125],{},[65,101510,101512],{"className":67,"code":101511,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101513,101514,101534,101546,101550,101564],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,101515,101516,101518,101520,101522,101524,101526,101528,101530,101532],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,101517,2198],{"class":80},[74,101519,85],{"class":84},[74,101521,10148],{"class":106},[74,101523,2632],{"class":167},[74,101525,249],{"class":106},[74,101527,620],{"class":167},[74,101529,249],{"class":106},[74,101531,2094],{"class":167},[74,101533,8965],{"class":106},[74,101535,101536,101538,101540,101542,101544],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,101537,2226],{"class":80},[74,101539,85],{"class":84},[74,101541,10148],{"class":106},[74,101543,321],{"class":167},[74,101545,8965],{"class":106},[74,101547,101548],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,101549,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,101551,101552,101554,101556,101558,101560,101562],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,101553,125],{"class":80},[74,101555,114],{"class":106},[74,101557,2456],{"class":110},[74,101559,107],{"class":106},[74,101561,4412],{"class":110},[74,101563,260],{"class":106},[74,101565,101566,101568,101570,101572],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,101567,103],{"class":102},[74,101569,107],{"class":106},[74,101571,125],{"class":110},[74,101573,260],{"class":106},[20,101575,157],{},[65,101577,101578],{"className":67,"code":96246,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,101579,101580],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,101581,101582,101584,101586,101588,101590,101592,101594],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,101583,8934],{"class":106},[74,101585,2632],{"class":167},[74,101587,249],{"class":106},[74,101589,620],{"class":167},[74,101591,249],{"class":106},[74,101593,2094],{"class":167},[74,101595,8965],{"class":106},[20,101597,101598],{},"If you want to keep the result, save it:",[65,101600,101602],{"className":67,"code":101601,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na = a.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101603,101604,101624,101636,101640,101658],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,101605,101606,101608,101610,101612,101614,101616,101618,101620,101622],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,101607,2198],{"class":80},[74,101609,85],{"class":84},[74,101611,10148],{"class":106},[74,101613,2632],{"class":167},[74,101615,249],{"class":106},[74,101617,620],{"class":167},[74,101619,249],{"class":106},[74,101621,2094],{"class":167},[74,101623,8965],{"class":106},[74,101625,101626,101628,101630,101632,101634],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,101627,2226],{"class":80},[74,101629,85],{"class":84},[74,101631,10148],{"class":106},[74,101633,321],{"class":167},[74,101635,8965],{"class":106},[74,101637,101638],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,101639,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,101641,101642,101644,101646,101648,101650,101652,101654,101656],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,101643,2198],{"class":80},[74,101645,85],{"class":84},[74,101647,56540],{"class":80},[74,101649,114],{"class":106},[74,101651,2456],{"class":110},[74,101653,107],{"class":106},[74,101655,4412],{"class":110},[74,101657,260],{"class":106},[74,101659,101660,101662,101664,101666],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,101661,103],{"class":102},[74,101663,107],{"class":106},[74,101665,125],{"class":110},[74,101667,260],{"class":106},[20,101669,157],{},[65,101671,101672],{"className":67,"code":100146,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,101673,101674],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,101675,101676,101678,101680,101682,101684],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,101677,8934],{"class":106},[74,101679,2632],{"class":167},[74,101681,249],{"class":106},[74,101683,620],{"class":167},[74,101685,8965],{"class":106},[262,101687,101689],{"id":101688},"expecting-items-from-the-second-set-instead-of-the-first-set","Expecting items from the second set instead of the first set",[20,101691,101692,101695],{},[15,101693,101694],{},"a.difference(b)"," means:",[30,101697,101698,101703],{},[33,101699,101700,101701],{},"keep items from ",[15,101702,125],{},[33,101704,101705,101706],{},"remove anything also in ",[15,101707,4412],{},[20,101709,330,101710,101712,101713,101715],{},[332,101711,334],{}," mean “show me what is unique in ",[15,101714,4412],{},"”.",[20,101717,506],{},[65,101719,101721],{"className":67,"code":101720,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(b.difference(a))\n",[15,101722,101723,101743,101763,101767,101785],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,101724,101725,101727,101729,101731,101733,101735,101737,101739,101741],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,101726,2198],{"class":80},[74,101728,85],{"class":84},[74,101730,10148],{"class":106},[74,101732,2632],{"class":167},[74,101734,249],{"class":106},[74,101736,620],{"class":167},[74,101738,249],{"class":106},[74,101740,2094],{"class":167},[74,101742,8965],{"class":106},[74,101744,101745,101747,101749,101751,101753,101755,101757,101759,101761],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,101746,2226],{"class":80},[74,101748,85],{"class":84},[74,101750,10148],{"class":106},[74,101752,321],{"class":167},[74,101754,249],{"class":106},[74,101756,2100],{"class":167},[74,101758,249],{"class":106},[74,101760,651],{"class":167},[74,101762,8965],{"class":106},[74,101764,101765],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,101766,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,101768,101769,101771,101773,101775,101777,101779,101781,101783],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,101770,103],{"class":102},[74,101772,107],{"class":106},[74,101774,125],{"class":110},[74,101776,114],{"class":106},[74,101778,2456],{"class":110},[74,101780,107],{"class":106},[74,101782,4412],{"class":110},[74,101784,130],{"class":106},[74,101786,101787,101789,101791,101793,101795,101797,101799,101801],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,101788,103],{"class":102},[74,101790,107],{"class":106},[74,101792,4412],{"class":110},[74,101794,114],{"class":106},[74,101796,2456],{"class":110},[74,101798,107],{"class":106},[74,101800,125],{"class":110},[74,101802,130],{"class":106},[20,101804,157],{},[65,101806,101808],{"className":67,"code":101807,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"{1, 2}\n{4, 5}\n",[15,101809,101810,101822],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,101811,101812,101814,101816,101818,101820],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,101813,8934],{"class":106},[74,101815,2632],{"class":167},[74,101817,249],{"class":106},[74,101819,620],{"class":167},[74,101821,8965],{"class":106},[74,101823,101824,101826,101828,101830,101832],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,101825,8934],{"class":106},[74,101827,2148],{"class":167},[74,101829,249],{"class":106},[74,101831,651],{"class":167},[74,101833,8965],{"class":106},[20,101835,101836],{},"The order of the sets matters.",[262,101838,101840],{"id":101839},"comparing-lists-instead-of-sets","Comparing lists instead of sets",[20,101842,101843,101845],{},[15,101844,100053],{}," is a set method, not a list method.",[20,101847,54971],{},[65,101849,101851],{"className":67,"code":101850,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\n# a.difference(b)\n",[15,101852,101853,101873,101889,101893],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,101854,101855,101857,101859,101861,101863,101865,101867,101869,101871],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,101856,2198],{"class":80},[74,101858,85],{"class":84},[74,101860,3271],{"class":106},[74,101862,2632],{"class":167},[74,101864,249],{"class":106},[74,101866,620],{"class":167},[74,101868,249],{"class":106},[74,101870,2094],{"class":167},[74,101872,3284],{"class":106},[74,101874,101875,101877,101879,101881,101883,101885,101887],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,101876,2226],{"class":80},[74,101878,85],{"class":84},[74,101880,3271],{"class":106},[74,101882,321],{"class":167},[74,101884,249],{"class":106},[74,101886,2100],{"class":167},[74,101888,3284],{"class":106},[74,101890,101891],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,101892,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,101894,101895],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,101896,101897],{"class":3314},"# a.difference(b)\n",[20,101899,101900],{},"Convert lists to sets first:",[65,101902,101904],{"className":67,"code":101903,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\nresult = set(a).difference(set(b))\nprint(result)\n",[15,101905,101906,101926,101942,101946,101972],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,101907,101908,101910,101912,101914,101916,101918,101920,101922,101924],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,101909,2198],{"class":80},[74,101911,85],{"class":84},[74,101913,3271],{"class":106},[74,101915,2632],{"class":167},[74,101917,249],{"class":106},[74,101919,620],{"class":167},[74,101921,249],{"class":106},[74,101923,2094],{"class":167},[74,101925,3284],{"class":106},[74,101927,101928,101930,101932,101934,101936,101938,101940],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,101929,2226],{"class":80},[74,101931,85],{"class":84},[74,101933,3271],{"class":106},[74,101935,321],{"class":167},[74,101937,249],{"class":106},[74,101939,2100],{"class":167},[74,101941,3284],{"class":106},[74,101943,101944],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,101945,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,101947,101948,101950,101952,101954,101956,101958,101960,101962,101964,101966,101968,101970],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,101949,383],{"class":80},[74,101951,85],{"class":84},[74,101953,15291],{"class":1345},[74,101955,107],{"class":106},[74,101957,125],{"class":110},[74,101959,8289],{"class":106},[74,101961,2456],{"class":110},[74,101963,107],{"class":106},[74,101965,5939],{"class":1345},[74,101967,107],{"class":106},[74,101969,4412],{"class":110},[74,101971,130],{"class":106},[74,101973,101974,101976,101978,101980],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,101975,103],{"class":102},[74,101977,107],{"class":106},[74,101979,418],{"class":110},[74,101981,260],{"class":106},[20,101983,157],{},[65,101985,101986],{"className":67,"code":100146,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,101987,101988],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,101989,101990,101992,101994,101996,101998],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,101991,8934],{"class":106},[74,101993,2632],{"class":167},[74,101995,249],{"class":106},[74,101997,620],{"class":167},[74,101999,8965],{"class":106},[262,102001,102003],{"id":102002},"thinking-the-output-order-will-match-the-input-order","Thinking the output order will match the input order",[20,102005,102006],{},"Sets are unordered, so printed output may appear in a different order.",[65,102008,102010],{"className":67,"code":102009,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"a = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\"}\nb = {\"dog\"}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,102011,102012,102044,102060,102064],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,102013,102014,102016,102018,102020,102022,102024,102026,102028,102030,102032,102034,102036,102038,102040,102042],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,102015,2198],{"class":80},[74,102017,85],{"class":84},[74,102019,10148],{"class":106},[74,102021,122],{"class":88},[74,102023,486],{"class":92},[74,102025,122],{"class":88},[74,102027,249],{"class":106},[74,102029,89],{"class":88},[74,102031,57778],{"class":92},[74,102033,122],{"class":88},[74,102035,249],{"class":106},[74,102037,89],{"class":88},[74,102039,57795],{"class":92},[74,102041,122],{"class":88},[74,102043,8965],{"class":106},[74,102045,102046,102048,102050,102052,102054,102056,102058],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,102047,2226],{"class":80},[74,102049,85],{"class":84},[74,102051,10148],{"class":106},[74,102053,122],{"class":88},[74,102055,57778],{"class":92},[74,102057,122],{"class":88},[74,102059,8965],{"class":106},[74,102061,102062],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,102063,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,102065,102066,102068,102070,102072,102074,102076,102078,102080],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,102067,103],{"class":102},[74,102069,107],{"class":106},[74,102071,125],{"class":110},[74,102073,114],{"class":106},[74,102075,2456],{"class":110},[74,102077,107],{"class":106},[74,102079,4412],{"class":110},[74,102081,130],{"class":106},[20,102083,102084],{},"You should focus on which values are present, not their position.",[262,102086,102088],{"id":102087},"trying-to-use-duplicate-values-in-a-set-example","Trying to use duplicate values in a set example",[20,102090,102091],{},"Sets automatically remove duplicates.",[65,102093,102095],{"className":67,"code":102094,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"a = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,102096,102097,102125,102137,102141,102151],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,102098,102099,102101,102103,102105,102107,102109,102111,102113,102115,102117,102119,102121,102123],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,102100,2198],{"class":80},[74,102102,85],{"class":84},[74,102104,10148],{"class":106},[74,102106,2632],{"class":167},[74,102108,249],{"class":106},[74,102110,5148],{"class":167},[74,102112,249],{"class":106},[74,102114,620],{"class":167},[74,102116,249],{"class":106},[74,102118,620],{"class":167},[74,102120,249],{"class":106},[74,102122,2094],{"class":167},[74,102124,8965],{"class":106},[74,102126,102127,102129,102131,102133,102135],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,102128,2226],{"class":80},[74,102130,85],{"class":84},[74,102132,10148],{"class":106},[74,102134,321],{"class":167},[74,102136,8965],{"class":106},[74,102138,102139],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,102140,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,102142,102143,102145,102147,102149],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,102144,103],{"class":102},[74,102146,107],{"class":106},[74,102148,125],{"class":110},[74,102150,260],{"class":106},[74,102152,102153,102155,102157,102159,102161,102163,102165,102167],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,102154,103],{"class":102},[74,102156,107],{"class":106},[74,102158,125],{"class":110},[74,102160,114],{"class":106},[74,102162,2456],{"class":110},[74,102164,107],{"class":106},[74,102166,4412],{"class":110},[74,102168,130],{"class":106},[20,102170,157],{},[65,102172,102174],{"className":67,"code":102173,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"{1, 2, 3}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,102175,102176,102192],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,102177,102178,102180,102182,102184,102186,102188,102190],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,102179,8934],{"class":106},[74,102181,2632],{"class":167},[74,102183,249],{"class":106},[74,102185,620],{"class":167},[74,102187,249],{"class":106},[74,102189,2094],{"class":167},[74,102191,8965],{"class":106},[74,102193,102194,102196,102198,102200,102202],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,102195,8934],{"class":106},[74,102197,2632],{"class":167},[74,102199,249],{"class":106},[74,102201,620],{"class":167},[74,102203,8965],{"class":106},[20,102205,102206,102207,102209],{},"The duplicates are already gone before ",[15,102208,100053],{}," runs.",[262,102211,102213],{"id":102212},"quick-debugging-checks","Quick debugging checks",[20,102215,102216],{},"If your result is not what you expect, print the values you are working with:",[65,102218,102220],{"className":67,"code":102219,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(type(a.difference(b)))\nprint(len(a.difference(b)))\n",[15,102221,102222,102246,102266,102270,102280,102290,102308,102330],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,102223,102224,102226,102228,102230,102232,102234,102236,102238,102240,102242,102244],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,102225,2198],{"class":80},[74,102227,85],{"class":84},[74,102229,10148],{"class":106},[74,102231,2632],{"class":167},[74,102233,249],{"class":106},[74,102235,620],{"class":167},[74,102237,249],{"class":106},[74,102239,2094],{"class":167},[74,102241,249],{"class":106},[74,102243,2100],{"class":167},[74,102245,8965],{"class":106},[74,102247,102248,102250,102252,102254,102256,102258,102260,102262,102264],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,102249,2226],{"class":80},[74,102251,85],{"class":84},[74,102253,10148],{"class":106},[74,102255,321],{"class":167},[74,102257,249],{"class":106},[74,102259,2100],{"class":167},[74,102261,249],{"class":106},[74,102263,651],{"class":167},[74,102265,8965],{"class":106},[74,102267,102268],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,102269,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,102271,102272,102274,102276,102278],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,102273,103],{"class":102},[74,102275,107],{"class":106},[74,102277,125],{"class":110},[74,102279,260],{"class":106},[74,102281,102282,102284,102286,102288],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,102283,103],{"class":102},[74,102285,107],{"class":106},[74,102287,4412],{"class":110},[74,102289,260],{"class":106},[74,102291,102292,102294,102296,102298,102300,102302,102304,102306],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,102293,103],{"class":102},[74,102295,107],{"class":106},[74,102297,125],{"class":110},[74,102299,114],{"class":106},[74,102301,2456],{"class":110},[74,102303,107],{"class":106},[74,102305,4412],{"class":110},[74,102307,130],{"class":106},[74,102309,102310,102312,102314,102316,102318,102320,102322,102324,102326,102328],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,102311,103],{"class":102},[74,102313,107],{"class":106},[74,102315,1346],{"class":1345},[74,102317,107],{"class":106},[74,102319,125],{"class":110},[74,102321,114],{"class":106},[74,102323,2456],{"class":110},[74,102325,107],{"class":106},[74,102327,4412],{"class":110},[74,102329,2555],{"class":106},[74,102331,102332,102334,102336,102338,102340,102342,102344,102346,102348,102350],{"class":76,"line":6079},[74,102333,103],{"class":102},[74,102335,107],{"class":106},[74,102337,10820],{"class":102},[74,102339,107],{"class":106},[74,102341,125],{"class":110},[74,102343,114],{"class":106},[74,102345,2456],{"class":110},[74,102347,107],{"class":106},[74,102349,4412],{"class":110},[74,102351,2555],{"class":106},[20,102353,10829],{},[30,102355,102356,102359,102362,102365],{},[33,102357,102358],{},"what is in each set",[33,102360,102361],{},"what result Python creates",[33,102363,102364],{},"that the result is a set",[33,102366,102367],{},"how many items remain",[44570,102369],{},[60,102371,1471],{"id":1470},[262,102373,1517,102375,102377],{"id":102374},"does-difference-change-the-original-set",[15,102376,100053],{}," change the original set?",[20,102379,102380],{},"No. It returns a new set and leaves the original set unchanged.",[262,102382,4828,102384,51,102386,2135],{"id":102383},"what-is-the-difference-between-difference-and-difference_update",[15,102385,100053],{},[15,102387,100964],{},[20,102389,102390,102392,102393,102395],{},[15,102391,100053],{}," returns a new set. ",[15,102394,100964],{}," modifies the original set.",[262,102397,27983,102399,102401],{"id":102398},"can-i-use-difference-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,102400,100053],{}," with more than two sets?",[20,102403,102404],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets, and Python removes items found in any of them.",[262,102406,102408],{"id":102407},"why-is-my-output-in-a-different-order","Why is my output in a different order?",[20,102410,102411],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so item order is not guaranteed.",[44570,102413],{},[60,102415,1527],{"id":1526},[30,102417,102418,102422,102430],{},[33,102419,102420],{},[125,102421,95967],{"href":97138},[33,102423,102424],{},[125,102425,96453,102427,10399],{"href":102426},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method\u002F",[15,102428,102429],{},"intersection()",[33,102431,102432],{},[125,102433,96453,102435,10399],{"href":102434},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method\u002F",[15,102436,102437],{},"union()",[1566,102439,102440],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":70,"searchDepth":99,"depth":99,"links":102442},[102443,102444,102446,102447,102448,102449,102451,102456,102458,102466,102475],{"id":3255,"depth":99,"text":3256},{"id":100175,"depth":99,"text":102445},"What difference() does",{"id":226,"depth":99,"text":227},{"id":304,"depth":99,"text":305},{"id":356,"depth":99,"text":357},{"id":100794,"depth":99,"text":102450},"Using difference() with multiple sets",{"id":100959,"depth":99,"text":102452,"children":102453},"difference() vs difference_update()",[102454,102455],{"id":2456,"depth":133,"text":100053},{"id":101112,"depth":133,"text":100964},{"id":101231,"depth":99,"text":102457},"difference() vs the - operator",{"id":4169,"depth":99,"text":4170,"children":102459},[102460,102461,102462,102463,102464,102465],{"id":101500,"depth":133,"text":101501},{"id":101688,"depth":133,"text":101689},{"id":101839,"depth":133,"text":101840},{"id":102002,"depth":133,"text":102003},{"id":102087,"depth":133,"text":102088},{"id":102212,"depth":133,"text":102213},{"id":1470,"depth":99,"text":1471,"children":102467},[102468,102470,102472,102474],{"id":102374,"depth":133,"text":102469},"Does difference() change the original set?",{"id":102383,"depth":133,"text":102471},"What is the difference between difference() and difference_update()?",{"id":102398,"depth":133,"text":102473},"Can I use difference() with more than two sets?",{"id":102407,"depth":133,"text":102408},{"id":1526,"depth":99,"text":1527},"Master python set difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method",{"title":100045,"description":102476},"reference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method","bZVw-xPJFGLOKBsNwpxWWnc63jZlXAESku0dp0AiTQs",{"id":102483,"title":102484,"body":102485,"description":104180,"extension":1610,"meta":104181,"navigation":407,"path":104182,"seo":104183,"stem":104184,"__hash__":104185},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method.md","Python Set discard() Method",{"type":7,"value":102486,"toc":104142},[102487,102493,102499,102512,102514,102615,102617,102662,102667,102672,102676,102690,102693,102701,102703,102722,102740,102744,102797,102799,102820,102827,102832,102859,102866,102965,102967,103004,103012,103016,103022,103025,103098,103100,103108,103113,103182,103184,103209,103211,103214,103317,103319,103380,103383,103387,103393,103466,103468,103501,103504,103507,103547,103553,103576,103581,103585,103596,103599,103601,103605,103611,103613,103670,103680,103682,103735,103742,103747,103815,103823,103829,103833,103835,103874,103879,103928,103932,103935,103937,103976,103979,103981,103986,104043,104045,104059,104061,104065,104071,104076,104081,104088,104099,104105,104110,104112,104139],[10,102488,95839,102490,18],{"id":102489},"python-set-discard-method",[15,102491,102492],{},"discard()",[20,102494,102495,102498],{},[15,102496,102497],{},"set.discard()"," removes one item from a set.",[20,102500,102501,102502,220,102507,13711,102509,102511],{},"Use it when you want to remove a value safely, even if that value might not be in the set. Unlike ",[125,102503,102504],{"href":97848},[15,102505,102506],{},"set.remove()",[15,102508,102492],{},[332,102510,334],{}," raise an error for a missing item.",[60,102513,63],{"id":62},[65,102515,102517],{"className":67,"code":102516,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n\ncolors.discard(\"yellow\")  # no error if missing\nprint(colors)\n",[15,102518,102519,102551,102570,102580,102584,102605],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,102520,102521,102523,102525,102527,102529,102531,102533,102535,102537,102539,102541,102543,102545,102547,102549],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,102522,12732],{"class":80},[74,102524,85],{"class":84},[74,102526,10148],{"class":106},[74,102528,122],{"class":88},[74,102530,12749],{"class":92},[74,102532,122],{"class":88},[74,102534,249],{"class":106},[74,102536,89],{"class":88},[74,102538,12766],{"class":92},[74,102540,122],{"class":88},[74,102542,249],{"class":106},[74,102544,89],{"class":88},[74,102546,17110],{"class":92},[74,102548,122],{"class":88},[74,102550,8965],{"class":106},[74,102552,102553,102555,102557,102560,102562,102564,102566,102568],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,102554,17157],{"class":80},[74,102556,114],{"class":106},[74,102558,102559],{"class":110},"discard",[74,102561,107],{"class":106},[74,102563,122],{"class":88},[74,102565,12766],{"class":92},[74,102567,122],{"class":88},[74,102569,260],{"class":106},[74,102571,102572,102574,102576,102578],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,102573,103],{"class":102},[74,102575,107],{"class":106},[74,102577,17157],{"class":110},[74,102579,260],{"class":106},[74,102581,102582],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,102583,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,102585,102586,102588,102590,102592,102594,102596,102598,102600,102602],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,102587,17157],{"class":80},[74,102589,114],{"class":106},[74,102591,102559],{"class":110},[74,102593,107],{"class":106},[74,102595,122],{"class":88},[74,102597,22180],{"class":92},[74,102599,122],{"class":88},[74,102601,3311],{"class":106},[74,102603,102604],{"class":3314},"  # no error if missing\n",[74,102606,102607,102609,102611,102613],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,102608,103],{"class":102},[74,102610,107],{"class":106},[74,102612,17157],{"class":110},[74,102614,260],{"class":106},[20,102616,29685],{},[65,102618,102620],{"className":67,"code":102619,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"{'red', 'green'}\n{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,102621,102622,102642],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,102623,102624,102626,102628,102630,102632,102634,102636,102638,102640],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,102625,8934],{"class":106},[74,102627,2946],{"class":88},[74,102629,12749],{"class":92},[74,102631,2946],{"class":88},[74,102633,249],{"class":106},[74,102635,2941],{"class":88},[74,102637,17110],{"class":92},[74,102639,2946],{"class":88},[74,102641,8965],{"class":106},[74,102643,102644,102646,102648,102650,102652,102654,102656,102658,102660],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,102645,8934],{"class":106},[74,102647,2946],{"class":88},[74,102649,12749],{"class":92},[74,102651,2946],{"class":88},[74,102653,249],{"class":106},[74,102655,2941],{"class":88},[74,102657,17110],{"class":92},[74,102659,2946],{"class":88},[74,102661,8965],{"class":106},[20,102663,176,102664,102666],{},[15,102665,102492],{}," when you want to remove a value from a set safely, even if that value may not exist.",[60,102668,3328,102670,38],{"id":102669},"what-setdiscard-does",[15,102671,102497],{},[20,102673,102674,679],{},[15,102675,102492],{},[30,102677,102678,102681,102684,102686],{},[33,102679,102680],{},"Removes one item from a set",[33,102682,102683],{},"Does nothing if the item is not in the set",[33,102685,95954],{},[33,102687,11082,102688],{},[15,102689,3429],{},[20,102691,102692],{},"This means the set itself is updated. Python does not create a new set.",[20,102694,95963,102695,339,102698,114],{},[125,102696,102697],{"href":98430},"what a set is in Python",[125,102699,102700],{"href":97522},"how to create a set",[60,102702,227],{"id":226},[65,102704,102706],{"className":67,"code":102705,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"my_set.discard(value)\n",[15,102707,102708],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,102709,102710,102712,102714,102716,102718,102720],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,102711,15324],{"class":80},[74,102713,114],{"class":106},[74,102715,102559],{"class":110},[74,102717,107],{"class":106},[74,102719,246],{"class":110},[74,102721,260],{"class":106},[30,102723,102724,102729,102734,102737],{},[33,102725,102726,102728],{},[15,102727,15324],{}," is the set you want to change",[33,102730,102731,102733],{},[15,102732,246],{}," is the item you want to remove",[33,102735,102736],{},"The set must already exist",[33,102738,102739],{},"The value must be a valid set element type",[262,102741,102743],{"id":102742},"example","Example",[65,102745,102747],{"className":67,"code":102746,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nnumbers.discard(3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,102748,102749,102773,102787],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,102750,102751,102753,102755,102757,102759,102761,102763,102765,102767,102769,102771],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,102752,3266],{"class":80},[74,102754,85],{"class":84},[74,102756,10148],{"class":106},[74,102758,2632],{"class":167},[74,102760,249],{"class":106},[74,102762,620],{"class":167},[74,102764,249],{"class":106},[74,102766,2094],{"class":167},[74,102768,249],{"class":106},[74,102770,2100],{"class":167},[74,102772,8965],{"class":106},[74,102774,102775,102777,102779,102781,102783,102785],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,102776,3298],{"class":80},[74,102778,114],{"class":106},[74,102780,102559],{"class":110},[74,102782,107],{"class":106},[74,102784,321],{"class":167},[74,102786,260],{"class":106},[74,102788,102789,102791,102793,102795],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,102790,103],{"class":102},[74,102792,107],{"class":106},[74,102794,3298],{"class":110},[74,102796,260],{"class":106},[20,102798,157],{},[65,102800,102802],{"className":67,"code":102801,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"{1, 2, 4}\n",[15,102803,102804],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,102805,102806,102808,102810,102812,102814,102816,102818],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,102807,8934],{"class":106},[74,102809,2632],{"class":167},[74,102811,249],{"class":106},[74,102813,620],{"class":167},[74,102815,249],{"class":106},[74,102817,2100],{"class":167},[74,102819,8965],{"class":106},[60,102821,102823,102824,102826],{"id":102822},"what-makes-discard-different","What makes ",[15,102825,102492],{}," different",[20,102828,102829,102831],{},[15,102830,102492],{}," is similar to other set methods, but it behaves differently in an important way.",[30,102833,102834,102847,102856],{},[33,102835,102836,102837,220,102841,102843,102844,102846],{},"Unlike ",[125,102838,102839],{"href":97848},[15,102840,55181],{},[15,102842,102492],{}," does not raise ",[15,102845,19342],{}," when the item is missing",[33,102848,102836,102849,220,102853,102855],{},[125,102850,102851],{"href":97853},[15,102852,12421],{},[15,102854,102492],{}," removes a specific item",[33,102857,102858],{},"It is useful when you are not sure whether the item exists",[262,102860,102862,10243,102864],{"id":102861},"discard-vs-remove",[15,102863,102492],{},[15,102865,55181],{},[65,102867,102869],{"className":67,"code":102868,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\"}\n\nitems.discard(\"orange\")   # no error\nprint(items)\n\nitems.remove(\"banana\")    # removes existing item\nprint(items)\n",[15,102870,102871,102895,102899,102920,102930,102934,102955],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,102872,102873,102875,102877,102879,102881,102883,102885,102887,102889,102891,102893],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,102874,7435],{"class":80},[74,102876,85],{"class":84},[74,102878,10148],{"class":106},[74,102880,122],{"class":88},[74,102882,376],{"class":92},[74,102884,122],{"class":88},[74,102886,249],{"class":106},[74,102888,89],{"class":88},[74,102890,93],{"class":92},[74,102892,122],{"class":88},[74,102894,8965],{"class":106},[74,102896,102897],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,102898,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,102900,102901,102903,102905,102907,102909,102911,102913,102915,102917],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,102902,7466],{"class":80},[74,102904,114],{"class":106},[74,102906,102559],{"class":110},[74,102908,107],{"class":106},[74,102910,122],{"class":88},[74,102912,32878],{"class":92},[74,102914,122],{"class":88},[74,102916,3311],{"class":106},[74,102918,102919],{"class":3314},"   # no error\n",[74,102921,102922,102924,102926,102928],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,102923,103],{"class":102},[74,102925,107],{"class":106},[74,102927,7466],{"class":110},[74,102929,260],{"class":106},[74,102931,102932],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,102933,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,102935,102936,102938,102940,102942,102944,102946,102948,102950,102952],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,102937,7466],{"class":80},[74,102939,114],{"class":106},[74,102941,34451],{"class":110},[74,102943,107],{"class":106},[74,102945,122],{"class":88},[74,102947,93],{"class":92},[74,102949,122],{"class":88},[74,102951,3311],{"class":106},[74,102953,102954],{"class":3314},"    # removes existing item\n",[74,102956,102957,102959,102961,102963],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,102958,103],{"class":102},[74,102960,107],{"class":106},[74,102962,7466],{"class":110},[74,102964,260],{"class":106},[20,102966,157],{},[65,102968,102970],{"className":67,"code":102969,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"{'apple', 'banana'}\n{'apple'}\n",[15,102971,102972,102992],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,102973,102974,102976,102978,102980,102982,102984,102986,102988,102990],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,102975,8934],{"class":106},[74,102977,2946],{"class":88},[74,102979,376],{"class":92},[74,102981,2946],{"class":88},[74,102983,249],{"class":106},[74,102985,2941],{"class":88},[74,102987,93],{"class":92},[74,102989,2946],{"class":88},[74,102991,8965],{"class":106},[74,102993,102994,102996,102998,103000,103002],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,102995,8934],{"class":106},[74,102997,2946],{"class":88},[74,102999,376],{"class":92},[74,103001,2946],{"class":88},[74,103003,8965],{"class":106},[20,103005,40000,103006,103008,103009,103011],{},[15,103007,55181],{}," with a missing value, Python raises an error. See ",[125,103010,10733],{"href":10732}," for more help with that case.",[60,103013,103015],{"id":103014},"what-the-method-returns","What the method returns",[20,103017,103018,2039,103020,114],{},[15,103019,102492],{},[15,103021,3429],{},[20,103023,103024],{},"That means you should not write code like this:",[65,103026,103028],{"className":67,"code":103027,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nresult = colors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,103029,103030,103062,103084,103088],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,103031,103032,103034,103036,103038,103040,103042,103044,103046,103048,103050,103052,103054,103056,103058,103060],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,103033,12732],{"class":80},[74,103035,85],{"class":84},[74,103037,10148],{"class":106},[74,103039,122],{"class":88},[74,103041,12749],{"class":92},[74,103043,122],{"class":88},[74,103045,249],{"class":106},[74,103047,89],{"class":88},[74,103049,12766],{"class":92},[74,103051,122],{"class":88},[74,103053,249],{"class":106},[74,103055,89],{"class":88},[74,103057,17110],{"class":92},[74,103059,122],{"class":88},[74,103061,8965],{"class":106},[74,103063,103064,103066,103068,103070,103072,103074,103076,103078,103080,103082],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,103065,383],{"class":80},[74,103067,85],{"class":84},[74,103069,12780],{"class":80},[74,103071,114],{"class":106},[74,103073,102559],{"class":110},[74,103075,107],{"class":106},[74,103077,122],{"class":88},[74,103079,12766],{"class":92},[74,103081,122],{"class":88},[74,103083,260],{"class":106},[74,103085,103086],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,103087,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,103089,103090,103092,103094,103096],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,103091,103],{"class":102},[74,103093,107],{"class":106},[74,103095,418],{"class":110},[74,103097,260],{"class":106},[20,103099,157],{},[65,103101,103102],{"className":67,"code":11466,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,103103,103104],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,103105,103106],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,103107,11466],{"class":3504},[20,103109,103110,103111,679],{},"The changed set is still stored in ",[15,103112,17157],{},[65,103114,103116],{"className":67,"code":103115,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,103117,103118,103150,103168,103172],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,103119,103120,103122,103124,103126,103128,103130,103132,103134,103136,103138,103140,103142,103144,103146,103148],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,103121,12732],{"class":80},[74,103123,85],{"class":84},[74,103125,10148],{"class":106},[74,103127,122],{"class":88},[74,103129,12749],{"class":92},[74,103131,122],{"class":88},[74,103133,249],{"class":106},[74,103135,89],{"class":88},[74,103137,12766],{"class":92},[74,103139,122],{"class":88},[74,103141,249],{"class":106},[74,103143,89],{"class":88},[74,103145,17110],{"class":92},[74,103147,122],{"class":88},[74,103149,8965],{"class":106},[74,103151,103152,103154,103156,103158,103160,103162,103164,103166],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,103153,17157],{"class":80},[74,103155,114],{"class":106},[74,103157,102559],{"class":110},[74,103159,107],{"class":106},[74,103161,122],{"class":88},[74,103163,12766],{"class":92},[74,103165,122],{"class":88},[74,103167,260],{"class":106},[74,103169,103170],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,103171,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,103173,103174,103176,103178,103180],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,103175,103],{"class":102},[74,103177,107],{"class":106},[74,103179,17157],{"class":110},[74,103181,260],{"class":106},[20,103183,157],{},[65,103185,103187],{"className":67,"code":103186,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,103188,103189],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,103190,103191,103193,103195,103197,103199,103201,103203,103205,103207],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,103192,8934],{"class":106},[74,103194,2946],{"class":88},[74,103196,12749],{"class":92},[74,103198,2946],{"class":88},[74,103200,249],{"class":106},[74,103202,2941],{"class":88},[74,103204,17110],{"class":92},[74,103206,2946],{"class":88},[74,103208,8965],{"class":106},[60,103210,357],{"id":356},[20,103212,103213],{},"Here is a basic example that removes an existing item.",[65,103215,103217],{"className":67,"code":103216,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", fruits)\n\nfruits.discard(\"banana\")\n\nprint(\"After:\", fruits)\n",[15,103218,103219,103251,103255,103273,103277,103295,103299],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,103220,103221,103223,103225,103227,103229,103231,103233,103235,103237,103239,103241,103243,103245,103247,103249],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,103222,35895],{"class":80},[74,103224,85],{"class":84},[74,103226,10148],{"class":106},[74,103228,122],{"class":88},[74,103230,376],{"class":92},[74,103232,122],{"class":88},[74,103234,249],{"class":106},[74,103236,89],{"class":88},[74,103238,93],{"class":92},[74,103240,122],{"class":88},[74,103242,249],{"class":106},[74,103244,89],{"class":88},[74,103246,32878],{"class":92},[74,103248,122],{"class":88},[74,103250,8965],{"class":106},[74,103252,103253],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,103254,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,103256,103257,103259,103261,103263,103265,103267,103269,103271],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,103258,103],{"class":102},[74,103260,107],{"class":106},[74,103262,122],{"class":88},[74,103264,11221],{"class":92},[74,103266,122],{"class":88},[74,103268,249],{"class":106},[74,103270,52503],{"class":110},[74,103272,260],{"class":106},[74,103274,103275],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,103276,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,103278,103279,103281,103283,103285,103287,103289,103291,103293],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,103280,35947],{"class":80},[74,103282,114],{"class":106},[74,103284,102559],{"class":110},[74,103286,107],{"class":106},[74,103288,122],{"class":88},[74,103290,93],{"class":92},[74,103292,122],{"class":88},[74,103294,260],{"class":106},[74,103296,103297],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,103298,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,103300,103301,103303,103305,103307,103309,103311,103313,103315],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,103302,103],{"class":102},[74,103304,107],{"class":106},[74,103306,122],{"class":88},[74,103308,11261],{"class":92},[74,103310,122],{"class":88},[74,103312,249],{"class":106},[74,103314,52503],{"class":110},[74,103316,260],{"class":106},[20,103318,157],{},[65,103320,103322],{"className":67,"code":103321,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"Before: {'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\nAfter: {'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,103323,103324,103356],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,103325,103326,103328,103330,103332,103334,103336,103338,103340,103342,103344,103346,103348,103350,103352,103354],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,103327,11281],{"class":80},[74,103329,679],{"class":106},[74,103331,10148],{"class":106},[74,103333,2946],{"class":88},[74,103335,93],{"class":92},[74,103337,2946],{"class":88},[74,103339,249],{"class":106},[74,103341,2941],{"class":88},[74,103343,376],{"class":92},[74,103345,2946],{"class":88},[74,103347,249],{"class":106},[74,103349,2941],{"class":88},[74,103351,32878],{"class":92},[74,103353,2946],{"class":88},[74,103355,8965],{"class":106},[74,103357,103358,103360,103362,103364,103366,103368,103370,103372,103374,103376,103378],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,103359,11334],{"class":80},[74,103361,679],{"class":106},[74,103363,10148],{"class":106},[74,103365,2946],{"class":88},[74,103367,376],{"class":92},[74,103369,2946],{"class":88},[74,103371,249],{"class":106},[74,103373,2941],{"class":88},[74,103375,32878],{"class":92},[74,103377,2946],{"class":88},[74,103379,8965],{"class":106},[20,103381,103382],{},"The order of items in a set may look different on your computer because sets are unordered.",[60,103384,103386],{"id":103385},"example-with-a-missing-item","Example with a missing item",[20,103388,103389,103390,103392],{},"One of the most useful features of ",[15,103391,102492],{}," is that it does not fail if the item is missing.",[65,103394,103396],{"className":67,"code":103395,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.discard(\"grape\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,103397,103398,103430,103434,103452,103456],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,103399,103400,103402,103404,103406,103408,103410,103412,103414,103416,103418,103420,103422,103424,103426,103428],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,103401,35895],{"class":80},[74,103403,85],{"class":84},[74,103405,10148],{"class":106},[74,103407,122],{"class":88},[74,103409,376],{"class":92},[74,103411,122],{"class":88},[74,103413,249],{"class":106},[74,103415,89],{"class":88},[74,103417,93],{"class":92},[74,103419,122],{"class":88},[74,103421,249],{"class":106},[74,103423,89],{"class":88},[74,103425,32878],{"class":92},[74,103427,122],{"class":88},[74,103429,8965],{"class":106},[74,103431,103432],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,103433,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,103435,103436,103438,103440,103442,103444,103446,103448,103450],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,103437,35947],{"class":80},[74,103439,114],{"class":106},[74,103441,102559],{"class":110},[74,103443,107],{"class":106},[74,103445,122],{"class":88},[74,103447,22189],{"class":92},[74,103449,122],{"class":88},[74,103451,260],{"class":106},[74,103453,103454],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,103455,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,103457,103458,103460,103462,103464],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,103459,103],{"class":102},[74,103461,107],{"class":106},[74,103463,35947],{"class":110},[74,103465,260],{"class":106},[20,103467,157],{},[65,103469,103471],{"className":67,"code":103470,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"{'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,103472,103473],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,103474,103475,103477,103479,103481,103483,103485,103487,103489,103491,103493,103495,103497,103499],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,103476,8934],{"class":106},[74,103478,2946],{"class":88},[74,103480,93],{"class":92},[74,103482,2946],{"class":88},[74,103484,249],{"class":106},[74,103486,2941],{"class":88},[74,103488,376],{"class":92},[74,103490,2946],{"class":88},[74,103492,249],{"class":106},[74,103494,2941],{"class":88},[74,103496,32878],{"class":92},[74,103498,2946],{"class":88},[74,103500,8965],{"class":106},[20,103502,103503],{},"No error happens here.",[20,103505,103506],{},"This is helpful in beginner code because you do not need to check first:",[65,103508,103510],{"className":67,"code":103509,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"if \"grape\" in fruits:\n    fruits.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,103511,103512,103528],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,103513,103514,103516,103518,103520,103522,103524,103526],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,103515,6651],{"class":3529},[74,103517,89],{"class":88},[74,103519,22189],{"class":92},[74,103521,122],{"class":88},[74,103523,20829],{"class":84},[74,103525,52503],{"class":80},[74,103527,6046],{"class":106},[74,103529,103530,103533,103535,103537,103539,103541,103543,103545],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,103531,103532],{"class":80},"    fruits",[74,103534,114],{"class":106},[74,103536,34451],{"class":110},[74,103538,107],{"class":106},[74,103540,122],{"class":88},[74,103542,22189],{"class":92},[74,103544,122],{"class":88},[74,103546,260],{"class":106},[20,103548,103549,103550,103552],{},"With ",[15,103551,102492],{},", you can simply write:",[65,103554,103556],{"className":67,"code":103555,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"fruits.discard(\"grape\")\n",[15,103557,103558],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,103559,103560,103562,103564,103566,103568,103570,103572,103574],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,103561,35947],{"class":80},[74,103563,114],{"class":106},[74,103565,102559],{"class":110},[74,103567,107],{"class":106},[74,103569,122],{"class":88},[74,103571,22189],{"class":92},[74,103573,122],{"class":88},[74,103575,260],{"class":106},[60,103577,1260,103579],{"id":103578},"when-to-use-discard",[15,103580,102492],{},[20,103582,176,103583,10259],{},[15,103584,102492],{},[30,103586,103587,103590,103593],{},[33,103588,103589],{},"Missing values are normal",[33,103591,103592],{},"You want simple, safe removal",[33,103594,103595],{},"You do not want to write an existence check first",[20,103597,103598],{},"It is a good choice when your program does not care whether the value was already missing.",[60,103600,914],{"id":913},[20,103602,8105,103603,114],{},[15,103604,102492],{},[262,103606,923,103608,103610],{"id":103607},"expecting-discard-to-return-the-changed-set",[15,103609,102492],{}," to return the changed set",[20,103612,4177],{},[65,103614,103616],{"className":67,"code":103615,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,103617,103618,103638,103656,103660],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,103619,103620,103622,103624,103626,103628,103630,103632,103634,103636],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,103621,3266],{"class":80},[74,103623,85],{"class":84},[74,103625,10148],{"class":106},[74,103627,2632],{"class":167},[74,103629,249],{"class":106},[74,103631,620],{"class":167},[74,103633,249],{"class":106},[74,103635,2094],{"class":167},[74,103637,8965],{"class":106},[74,103639,103640,103642,103644,103646,103648,103650,103652,103654],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,103641,3266],{"class":80},[74,103643,85],{"class":84},[74,103645,3914],{"class":80},[74,103647,114],{"class":106},[74,103649,102559],{"class":110},[74,103651,107],{"class":106},[74,103653,687],{"class":167},[74,103655,260],{"class":106},[74,103657,103658],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,103659,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,103661,103662,103664,103666,103668],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,103663,103],{"class":102},[74,103665,107],{"class":106},[74,103667,3298],{"class":110},[74,103669,260],{"class":106},[20,103671,103672,41810,103674,8259,103676,2039,103678,114],{},[15,103673,3298],{},[15,103675,3429],{},[15,103677,102492],{},[15,103679,3429],{},[20,103681,18495],{},[65,103683,103685],{"className":67,"code":103684,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,103686,103687,103707,103721,103725],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,103688,103689,103691,103693,103695,103697,103699,103701,103703,103705],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,103690,3266],{"class":80},[74,103692,85],{"class":84},[74,103694,10148],{"class":106},[74,103696,2632],{"class":167},[74,103698,249],{"class":106},[74,103700,620],{"class":167},[74,103702,249],{"class":106},[74,103704,2094],{"class":167},[74,103706,8965],{"class":106},[74,103708,103709,103711,103713,103715,103717,103719],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,103710,3298],{"class":80},[74,103712,114],{"class":106},[74,103714,102559],{"class":110},[74,103716,107],{"class":106},[74,103718,687],{"class":167},[74,103720,260],{"class":106},[74,103722,103723],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,103724,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,103726,103727,103729,103731,103733],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,103728,103],{"class":102},[74,103730,107],{"class":106},[74,103732,3298],{"class":110},[74,103734,260],{"class":106},[262,103736,1123,103738,1126,103740],{"id":103737},"confusing-discard-with-remove",[15,103739,102492],{},[15,103741,55181],{},[20,103743,103744,103745,114],{},"If you want to avoid errors for missing values, use ",[15,103746,102492],{},[65,103748,103750],{"className":67,"code":103749,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"z\")   # safe\nprint(letters)\n",[15,103751,103752,103784,103805],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,103753,103754,103756,103758,103760,103762,103764,103766,103768,103770,103772,103774,103776,103778,103780,103782],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,103755,35746],{"class":80},[74,103757,85],{"class":84},[74,103759,10148],{"class":106},[74,103761,122],{"class":88},[74,103763,125],{"class":92},[74,103765,122],{"class":88},[74,103767,249],{"class":106},[74,103769,89],{"class":88},[74,103771,4412],{"class":92},[74,103773,122],{"class":88},[74,103775,249],{"class":106},[74,103777,89],{"class":88},[74,103779,9396],{"class":92},[74,103781,122],{"class":88},[74,103783,8965],{"class":106},[74,103785,103786,103788,103790,103792,103794,103796,103798,103800,103802],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,103787,35799],{"class":80},[74,103789,114],{"class":106},[74,103791,102559],{"class":110},[74,103793,107],{"class":106},[74,103795,122],{"class":88},[74,103797,21733],{"class":92},[74,103799,122],{"class":88},[74,103801,3311],{"class":106},[74,103803,103804],{"class":3314},"   # safe\n",[74,103806,103807,103809,103811,103813],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,103808,103],{"class":102},[74,103810,107],{"class":106},[74,103812,35799],{"class":110},[74,103814,260],{"class":106},[20,103816,103817,103818,45562,103821,114],{},"If you use ",[15,103819,103820],{},"remove(\"z\")",[15,103822,19342],{},[262,103824,25273,103826,103828],{"id":103825},"trying-to-use-discard-on-a-list-instead-of-a-set",[15,103827,102492],{}," on a list instead of a set",[20,103830,103831,101845],{},[15,103832,102492],{},[20,103834,16302],{},[65,103836,103838],{"className":67,"code":103837,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.discard(2)\n",[15,103839,103840,103860],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,103841,103842,103844,103846,103848,103850,103852,103854,103856,103858],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,103843,7435],{"class":80},[74,103845,85],{"class":84},[74,103847,3271],{"class":106},[74,103849,2632],{"class":167},[74,103851,249],{"class":106},[74,103853,620],{"class":167},[74,103855,249],{"class":106},[74,103857,2094],{"class":167},[74,103859,3284],{"class":106},[74,103861,103862,103864,103866,103868,103870,103872],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,103863,7466],{"class":80},[74,103865,114],{"class":106},[74,103867,102559],{"class":110},[74,103869,107],{"class":106},[74,103871,687],{"class":167},[74,103873,260],{"class":106},[20,103875,103876,103877,679],{},"Use a set if you need ",[15,103878,102492],{},[65,103880,103882],{"className":67,"code":103881,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.discard(2)\nprint(items)\n",[15,103883,103884,103904,103918],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,103885,103886,103888,103890,103892,103894,103896,103898,103900,103902],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,103887,7435],{"class":80},[74,103889,85],{"class":84},[74,103891,10148],{"class":106},[74,103893,2632],{"class":167},[74,103895,249],{"class":106},[74,103897,620],{"class":167},[74,103899,249],{"class":106},[74,103901,2094],{"class":167},[74,103903,8965],{"class":106},[74,103905,103906,103908,103910,103912,103914,103916],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,103907,7466],{"class":80},[74,103909,114],{"class":106},[74,103911,102559],{"class":110},[74,103913,107],{"class":106},[74,103915,687],{"class":167},[74,103917,260],{"class":106},[74,103919,103920,103922,103924,103926],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,103921,103],{"class":102},[74,103923,107],{"class":106},[74,103925,7466],{"class":110},[74,103927,260],{"class":106},[262,103929,103931],{"id":103930},"passing-an-unhashable-value-such-as-a-list","Passing an unhashable value such as a list",[20,103933,103934],{},"Set items must be hashable. A list is not hashable.",[20,103936,2480],{},[65,103938,103940],{"className":67,"code":103939,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"data = {1, 2, 3}\ndata.discard([2])\n",[15,103941,103942,103962],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,103943,103944,103946,103948,103950,103952,103954,103956,103958,103960],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,103945,8821],{"class":80},[74,103947,85],{"class":84},[74,103949,10148],{"class":106},[74,103951,2632],{"class":167},[74,103953,249],{"class":106},[74,103955,620],{"class":167},[74,103957,249],{"class":106},[74,103959,2094],{"class":167},[74,103961,8965],{"class":106},[74,103963,103964,103966,103968,103970,103972,103974],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,103965,8860],{"class":80},[74,103967,114],{"class":106},[74,103969,102559],{"class":110},[74,103971,2629],{"class":106},[74,103973,687],{"class":167},[74,103975,751],{"class":106},[20,103977,103978],{},"Use a valid set element type instead, such as a number, string, or tuple.",[60,103980,8528],{"id":8527},[20,103982,1318,103983,103985],{},[15,103984,102492],{}," is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[65,103987,103989],{"className":67,"code":103988,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value in my_set)\nhelp(set.discard)\n",[15,103990,103991,104001,104015,104029],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,103992,103993,103995,103997,103999],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,103994,103],{"class":102},[74,103996,107],{"class":106},[74,103998,15324],{"class":110},[74,104000,260],{"class":106},[74,104002,104003,104005,104007,104009,104011,104013],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,104004,103],{"class":102},[74,104006,107],{"class":106},[74,104008,1346],{"class":1345},[74,104010,107],{"class":106},[74,104012,15324],{"class":110},[74,104014,130],{"class":106},[74,104016,104017,104019,104021,104023,104025,104027],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,104018,103],{"class":102},[74,104020,107],{"class":106},[74,104022,2089],{"class":110},[74,104024,351],{"class":3529},[74,104026,96563],{"class":110},[74,104028,260],{"class":106},[74,104030,104031,104033,104035,104037,104039,104041],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,104032,31809],{"class":102},[74,104034,107],{"class":106},[74,104036,5939],{"class":1345},[74,104038,114],{"class":106},[74,104040,102559],{"class":24406},[74,104042,260],{"class":106},[20,104044,10829],{},[30,104046,104047,104050,104053,104056],{},[33,104048,104049],{},"What is currently in the set",[33,104051,104052],{},"Whether the variable is really a set",[33,104054,104055],{},"Whether the value exists before removal",[33,104057,104058],{},"How Python documents the method",[60,104060,1471],{"id":1470},[262,104062,104064],{"id":104063},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-in-the-set","What happens if the item is not in the set?",[20,104066,104067,104068,104070],{},"Nothing happens. ",[15,104069,102492],{}," does not raise an error when the item is missing.",[262,104072,1495,104074,12374],{"id":104073},"what-does-setdiscard-return",[15,104075,102497],{},[20,104077,1501,104078,104080],{},[15,104079,3429],{},". It changes the original set instead of creating a new one.",[262,104082,4828,104084,51,104086,2135],{"id":104083},"what-is-the-difference-between-discard-and-remove",[15,104085,102492],{},[15,104087,55181],{},[20,104089,104090,104091,26192,104093,104095,104096,104098],{},"Both remove items from a set. ",[15,104092,55181],{},[15,104094,19342],{}," if the item is missing, but ",[15,104097,102492],{}," does not.",[262,104100,27983,104102,104104],{"id":104101},"can-i-use-discard-with-lists-or-dictionaries",[15,104103,102492],{}," with lists or dictionaries?",[20,104106,46019,104107,104109],{},[15,104108,102492],{}," is a set method, so it works on set objects.",[60,104111,1527],{"id":1526},[30,104113,104114,104120,104126,104131,104135],{},[33,104115,104116],{},[125,104117,96453,104118,10399],{"href":97848},[15,104119,55181],{},[33,104121,104122],{},[125,104123,96453,104124,10399],{"href":97853},[15,104125,12421],{},[33,104127,104128],{},[125,104129,104130],{"href":97522},"Python set: creating a set",[33,104132,104133],{},[125,104134,99988],{"href":98430},[33,104136,104137],{},[125,104138,10921],{"href":10732},[1566,104140,104141],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":70,"searchDepth":99,"depth":99,"links":104143},[104144,104145,104147,104150,104155,104156,104157,104158,104160,104169,104170,104179],{"id":62,"depth":99,"text":63},{"id":102669,"depth":99,"text":104146},"What set.discard() does",{"id":226,"depth":99,"text":227,"children":104148},[104149],{"id":102742,"depth":133,"text":102743},{"id":102822,"depth":99,"text":104151,"children":104152},"What makes discard() different",[104153],{"id":102861,"depth":133,"text":104154},"discard() vs remove()",{"id":103014,"depth":99,"text":103015},{"id":356,"depth":99,"text":357},{"id":103385,"depth":99,"text":103386},{"id":103578,"depth":99,"text":104159},"When to use discard()",{"id":913,"depth":99,"text":914,"children":104161},[104162,104164,104166,104168],{"id":103607,"depth":133,"text":104163},"Expecting discard() to return the changed set",{"id":103737,"depth":133,"text":104165},"Confusing discard() with remove()",{"id":103825,"depth":133,"text":104167},"Trying to use discard() on a list instead of a set",{"id":103930,"depth":133,"text":103931},{"id":8527,"depth":99,"text":8528},{"id":1470,"depth":99,"text":1471,"children":104171},[104172,104173,104175,104177],{"id":104063,"depth":133,"text":104064},{"id":104073,"depth":133,"text":104174},"What does set.discard() return?",{"id":104083,"depth":133,"text":104176},"What is the difference between discard() and remove()?",{"id":104101,"depth":133,"text":104178},"Can I use discard() with lists or dictionaries?",{"id":1526,"depth":99,"text":1527},"Master python set discard method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method",{"title":102484,"description":104180},"reference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method","-9zfcGzLEa24aaupYhVun2XniU742IAOkMaj9_B4X44",{"id":104187,"title":104188,"body":104189,"description":106195,"extension":1610,"meta":106196,"navigation":407,"path":106197,"seo":106198,"stem":106199,"__hash__":106200},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained.md","Python set() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":104190,"toc":106153},[104191,104194,104202,104207,104218,104220,104275,104279,104299,104304,104308,104313,104315,104329,104331,104406,104408,104441,104446,104451,104453,104455,104470,104473,104481,104486,104501,104503,104592,104594,104683,104689,104693,104695,104733,104735,104759,104762,104777,104779,104834,104836,104869,104871,104876,104880,104884,104889,104954,104956,104976,104982,104986,105043,105045,105066,105070,105075,105120,105122,105155,105158,105162,105195,105197,105226,105230,105234,105237,105239,105258,105260,105306,105311,105325,105327,105358,105363,105366,105410,105412,105440,105444,105448,105464,105467,105532,105534,105546,105549,105553,105556,105561,105589,105591,105609,105615,105654,105656,105674,105680,105709,105711,105729,105732,105749,105751,105756,105760,105763,105789,105796,105801,105816,105825,105829,105832,105863,105869,105872,105881,105884,105886,105888,105946,105949,105974,105976,105980,105983,105987,105995,105999,106002,106006,106009,106011,106034,106036,106077,106084,106092,106095,106126,106128,106150],[10,104192,104188],{"id":104193},"python-set-function-explained",[20,104195,8778,104196,104198,104199,114],{},[15,104197,3448],{}," function creates a set in Python. A set is a collection that stores ",[332,104200,104201],{},"unique values only",[20,104203,35062,104204,104206],{},[15,104205,3448],{}," to:",[30,104208,104209,104212,104215],{},[33,104210,104211],{},"remove duplicates from a list",[33,104213,104214],{},"check whether a value exists",[33,104216,104217],{},"work with set operations like union and intersection",[60,104219,63],{"id":62},[65,104221,104223],{"className":67,"code":104222,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nunique_numbers = set(numbers)\nprint(unique_numbers)\n",[15,104224,104225,104249,104264],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,104226,104227,104229,104231,104233,104235,104237,104239,104241,104243,104245,104247],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,104228,3266],{"class":80},[74,104230,85],{"class":84},[74,104232,3271],{"class":106},[74,104234,2632],{"class":167},[74,104236,249],{"class":106},[74,104238,620],{"class":167},[74,104240,249],{"class":106},[74,104242,620],{"class":167},[74,104244,249],{"class":106},[74,104246,2094],{"class":167},[74,104248,3284],{"class":106},[74,104250,104251,104254,104256,104258,104260,104262],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,104252,104253],{"class":80},"unique_numbers ",[74,104255,85],{"class":84},[74,104257,15291],{"class":1345},[74,104259,107],{"class":106},[74,104261,3298],{"class":110},[74,104263,260],{"class":106},[74,104265,104266,104268,104270,104273],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,104267,103],{"class":102},[74,104269,107],{"class":106},[74,104271,104272],{"class":110},"unique_numbers",[74,104274,260],{"class":106},[20,104276,104277],{},[332,104278,157],{},[65,104280,104281],{"className":67,"code":96246,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,104282,104283],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,104284,104285,104287,104289,104291,104293,104295,104297],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,104286,8934],{"class":106},[74,104288,2632],{"class":167},[74,104290,249],{"class":106},[74,104292,620],{"class":167},[74,104294,249],{"class":106},[74,104296,2094],{"class":167},[74,104298,8965],{"class":106},[20,104300,176,104301,104303],{},[15,104302,3448],{}," to create a set from an iterable. A set keeps only unique values.",[60,104305,104307],{"id":104306},"what-set-does","What set() does",[20,104309,104310,104312],{},[15,104311,3448],{}," creates a new set object.",[20,104314,30196],{},[30,104316,104317,104320,104323,104326],{},[33,104318,104319],{},"A set stores unique items only",[33,104321,104322],{},"Duplicate values are removed automatically",[33,104324,104325],{},"Sets are unordered, so item order is not guaranteed",[33,104327,104328],{},"A very common use is removing duplicates from a list or another iterable",[20,104330,506],{},[65,104332,104334],{"className":67,"code":104333,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\nunique_colors = set(colors)\n\nprint(unique_colors)\n",[15,104335,104336,104376,104391,104395],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,104337,104338,104340,104342,104344,104346,104348,104350,104352,104354,104356,104358,104360,104362,104364,104366,104368,104370,104372,104374],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,104339,12732],{"class":80},[74,104341,85],{"class":84},[74,104343,3271],{"class":106},[74,104345,122],{"class":88},[74,104347,12749],{"class":92},[74,104349,122],{"class":88},[74,104351,249],{"class":106},[74,104353,89],{"class":88},[74,104355,12766],{"class":92},[74,104357,122],{"class":88},[74,104359,249],{"class":106},[74,104361,89],{"class":88},[74,104363,12749],{"class":92},[74,104365,122],{"class":88},[74,104367,249],{"class":106},[74,104369,89],{"class":88},[74,104371,17110],{"class":92},[74,104373,122],{"class":88},[74,104375,3284],{"class":106},[74,104377,104378,104381,104383,104385,104387,104389],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,104379,104380],{"class":80},"unique_colors ",[74,104382,85],{"class":84},[74,104384,15291],{"class":1345},[74,104386,107],{"class":106},[74,104388,17157],{"class":110},[74,104390,260],{"class":106},[74,104392,104393],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,104394,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,104396,104397,104399,104401,104404],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,104398,103],{"class":102},[74,104400,107],{"class":106},[74,104402,104403],{"class":110},"unique_colors",[74,104405,260],{"class":106},[20,104407,29685],{},[65,104409,104411],{"className":67,"code":104410,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"{'blue', 'green', 'red'}\n",[15,104412,104413],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,104414,104415,104417,104419,104421,104423,104425,104427,104429,104431,104433,104435,104437,104439],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,104416,8934],{"class":106},[74,104418,2946],{"class":88},[74,104420,12766],{"class":92},[74,104422,2946],{"class":88},[74,104424,249],{"class":106},[74,104426,2941],{"class":88},[74,104428,17110],{"class":92},[74,104430,2946],{"class":88},[74,104432,249],{"class":106},[74,104434,2941],{"class":88},[74,104436,12749],{"class":92},[74,104438,2946],{"class":88},[74,104440,8965],{"class":106},[20,104442,1927,104443,104445],{},[15,104444,65035],{}," appears only once.",[20,104447,104448,104449,114],{},"If you want a broader beginner introduction to sets, see ",[125,104450,95967],{"href":95966},[60,104452,227],{"id":226},[20,104454,1802],{},[65,104456,104458],{"className":67,"code":104457,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"set(iterable)\n",[15,104459,104460],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,104461,104462,104464,104466,104468],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,104463,5939],{"class":1345},[74,104465,107],{"class":106},[74,104467,3371],{"class":110},[74,104469,260],{"class":106},[20,104471,104472],{},"The argument is optional.",[30,104474,104475,104478],{},[33,104476,104477],{},"If you pass an iterable, Python creates a set from its items",[33,104479,104480],{},"If you pass nothing, Python creates an empty set",[20,104482,104483,104484,679],{},"Common iterables you can use with ",[15,104485,3448],{},[30,104487,104488,104490,104492,104494,104498],{},[33,104489,7751],{},[33,104491,48605],{},[33,104493,237],{},[33,104495,104496],{},[15,104497,35854],{},[33,104499,104500],{},"another set",[20,104502,313],{},[65,104504,104506],{"className":67,"code":104505,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(set([1, 2, 2, 3]))\nprint(set((10, 20, 10)))\nprint(set(\"hello\"))\nprint(set(range(4)))\n",[15,104507,104508,104534,104556,104574],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,104509,104510,104512,104514,104516,104518,104520,104522,104524,104526,104528,104530,104532],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,104511,103],{"class":102},[74,104513,107],{"class":106},[74,104515,5939],{"class":1345},[74,104517,2629],{"class":106},[74,104519,2632],{"class":167},[74,104521,249],{"class":106},[74,104523,620],{"class":167},[74,104525,249],{"class":106},[74,104527,620],{"class":167},[74,104529,249],{"class":106},[74,104531,2094],{"class":167},[74,104533,2643],{"class":106},[74,104535,104536,104538,104540,104542,104544,104546,104548,104550,104552,104554],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,104537,103],{"class":102},[74,104539,107],{"class":106},[74,104541,5939],{"class":1345},[74,104543,5161],{"class":106},[74,104545,1972],{"class":167},[74,104547,249],{"class":106},[74,104549,7446],{"class":167},[74,104551,249],{"class":106},[74,104553,5656],{"class":167},[74,104555,2555],{"class":106},[74,104557,104558,104560,104562,104564,104566,104568,104570,104572],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,104559,103],{"class":102},[74,104561,107],{"class":106},[74,104563,5939],{"class":1345},[74,104565,107],{"class":106},[74,104567,122],{"class":88},[74,104569,3497],{"class":92},[74,104571,122],{"class":88},[74,104573,130],{"class":106},[74,104575,104576,104578,104580,104582,104584,104586,104588,104590],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,104577,103],{"class":102},[74,104579,107],{"class":106},[74,104581,5939],{"class":1345},[74,104583,107],{"class":106},[74,104585,59646],{"class":102},[74,104587,107],{"class":106},[74,104589,2148],{"class":167},[74,104591,2555],{"class":106},[20,104593,29685],{},[65,104595,104597],{"className":67,"code":104596,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"{1, 2, 3}\n{10, 20}\n{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n{0, 1, 2, 3}\n",[15,104598,104599,104615,104627,104663],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,104600,104601,104603,104605,104607,104609,104611,104613],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,104602,8934],{"class":106},[74,104604,2632],{"class":167},[74,104606,249],{"class":106},[74,104608,620],{"class":167},[74,104610,249],{"class":106},[74,104612,2094],{"class":167},[74,104614,8965],{"class":106},[74,104616,104617,104619,104621,104623,104625],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,104618,8934],{"class":106},[74,104620,1972],{"class":167},[74,104622,249],{"class":106},[74,104624,7446],{"class":167},[74,104626,8965],{"class":106},[74,104628,104629,104631,104633,104635,104637,104639,104641,104643,104645,104647,104649,104651,104653,104655,104657,104659,104661],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,104630,8934],{"class":106},[74,104632,2946],{"class":88},[74,104634,60086],{"class":92},[74,104636,2946],{"class":88},[74,104638,249],{"class":106},[74,104640,2941],{"class":88},[74,104642,60095],{"class":92},[74,104644,2946],{"class":88},[74,104646,249],{"class":106},[74,104648,2941],{"class":88},[74,104650,60104],{"class":92},[74,104652,2946],{"class":88},[74,104654,249],{"class":106},[74,104656,2941],{"class":88},[74,104658,60121],{"class":92},[74,104660,2946],{"class":88},[74,104662,8965],{"class":106},[74,104664,104665,104667,104669,104671,104673,104675,104677,104679,104681],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,104666,8934],{"class":106},[74,104668,327],{"class":167},[74,104670,249],{"class":106},[74,104672,5148],{"class":167},[74,104674,249],{"class":106},[74,104676,620],{"class":167},[74,104678,249],{"class":106},[74,104680,2094],{"class":167},[74,104682,8965],{"class":106},[20,104684,104685,104686,114],{},"If you are comparing built-in constructors, you may also want to read ",[125,104687,104688],{"href":64493},"Python list() function explained",[60,104690,104692],{"id":104691},"creating-an-empty-set-correctly","Creating an empty set correctly",[20,104694,97919],{},[65,104696,104697],{"className":67,"code":98884,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,104698,104699,104709,104719],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,104700,104701,104703,104705,104707],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,104702,97929],{"class":80},[74,104704,85],{"class":84},[74,104706,15291],{"class":1345},[74,104708,8299],{"class":106},[74,104710,104711,104713,104715,104717],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,104712,103],{"class":102},[74,104714,107],{"class":106},[74,104716,97948],{"class":110},[74,104718,260],{"class":106},[74,104720,104721,104723,104725,104727,104729,104731],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,104722,103],{"class":102},[74,104724,107],{"class":106},[74,104726,1346],{"class":1345},[74,104728,107],{"class":106},[74,104730,97948],{"class":110},[74,104732,130],{"class":106},[20,104734,157],{},[65,104736,104737],{"className":67,"code":98927,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,104738,104739,104745],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,104740,104741,104743],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,104742,5939],{"class":1345},[74,104744,8299],{"class":106},[74,104746,104747,104749,104751,104753,104755,104757],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,104748,2935],{"class":84},[74,104750,2938],{"class":1711},[74,104752,2941],{"class":88},[74,104754,5939],{"class":92},[74,104756,2946],{"class":88},[74,104758,2949],{"class":84},[20,104760,104761],{},"This is important because:",[30,104763,104764,104769],{},[33,104765,104766,104768],{},[15,104767,3448],{}," creates an empty set",[33,104770,104771,104773,104774,104776],{},[15,104772,3443],{}," creates an empty dictionary, ",[332,104775,334],{}," a set",[20,104778,506],{},[65,104780,104782],{"className":67,"code":104781,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"a = set()\nb = {}\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\n",[15,104783,104784,104794,104802,104806,104820],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,104785,104786,104788,104790,104792],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,104787,2198],{"class":80},[74,104789,85],{"class":84},[74,104791,15291],{"class":1345},[74,104793,8299],{"class":106},[74,104795,104796,104798,104800],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,104797,2226],{"class":80},[74,104799,85],{"class":84},[74,104801,9495],{"class":106},[74,104803,104804],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,104805,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,104807,104808,104810,104812,104814,104816,104818],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,104809,103],{"class":102},[74,104811,107],{"class":106},[74,104813,1346],{"class":1345},[74,104815,107],{"class":106},[74,104817,125],{"class":110},[74,104819,130],{"class":106},[74,104821,104822,104824,104826,104828,104830,104832],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,104823,103],{"class":102},[74,104825,107],{"class":106},[74,104827,1346],{"class":1345},[74,104829,107],{"class":106},[74,104831,4412],{"class":110},[74,104833,130],{"class":106},[20,104835,157],{},[65,104837,104839],{"className":67,"code":104838,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,104840,104841,104855],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,104842,104843,104845,104847,104849,104851,104853],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,104844,2935],{"class":84},[74,104846,2938],{"class":1711},[74,104848,2941],{"class":88},[74,104850,5939],{"class":92},[74,104852,2946],{"class":88},[74,104854,2949],{"class":84},[74,104856,104857,104859,104861,104863,104865,104867],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,104858,2935],{"class":84},[74,104860,2938],{"class":1711},[74,104862,2941],{"class":88},[74,104864,8477],{"class":92},[74,104866,2946],{"class":88},[74,104868,2949],{"class":84},[20,104870,13706],{},[20,104872,104873,104874,114],{},"For more on creating sets, see ",[125,104875,104130],{"href":95970},[60,104877,104879],{"id":104878},"using-set-with-common-iterables","Using set() with common iterables",[262,104881,104883],{"id":104882},"from-a-list","From a list",[20,104885,104886,104887,114],{},"This is one of the most common uses of ",[15,104888,3448],{},[65,104890,104892],{"className":67,"code":104891,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3]\nresult = set(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,104893,104894,104926,104940,104944],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,104895,104896,104898,104900,104902,104904,104906,104908,104910,104912,104914,104916,104918,104920,104922,104924],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,104897,3266],{"class":80},[74,104899,85],{"class":84},[74,104901,3271],{"class":106},[74,104903,2632],{"class":167},[74,104905,249],{"class":106},[74,104907,620],{"class":167},[74,104909,249],{"class":106},[74,104911,620],{"class":167},[74,104913,249],{"class":106},[74,104915,2094],{"class":167},[74,104917,249],{"class":106},[74,104919,2094],{"class":167},[74,104921,249],{"class":106},[74,104923,2094],{"class":167},[74,104925,3284],{"class":106},[74,104927,104928,104930,104932,104934,104936,104938],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,104929,383],{"class":80},[74,104931,85],{"class":84},[74,104933,15291],{"class":1345},[74,104935,107],{"class":106},[74,104937,3298],{"class":110},[74,104939,260],{"class":106},[74,104941,104942],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,104943,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,104945,104946,104948,104950,104952],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,104947,103],{"class":102},[74,104949,107],{"class":106},[74,104951,418],{"class":110},[74,104953,260],{"class":106},[20,104955,157],{},[65,104957,104958],{"className":67,"code":96246,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,104959,104960],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,104961,104962,104964,104966,104968,104970,104972,104974],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,104963,8934],{"class":106},[74,104965,2632],{"class":167},[74,104967,249],{"class":106},[74,104969,620],{"class":167},[74,104971,249],{"class":106},[74,104973,2094],{"class":167},[74,104975,8965],{"class":106},[20,104977,104978,104979,114],{},"This is useful when you need unique values. For a task-focused example, see ",[125,104980,98717],{"href":104981},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python",[262,104983,104985],{"id":104984},"from-a-tuple","From a tuple",[65,104987,104989],{"className":67,"code":104988,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"values = (5, 5, 10, 15)\nresult = set(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,104990,104991,105015,105029,105033],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,104992,104993,104995,104997,104999,105001,105003,105005,105007,105009,105011,105013],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,104994,3474],{"class":80},[74,104996,85],{"class":84},[74,104998,8892],{"class":106},[74,105000,711],{"class":167},[74,105002,249],{"class":106},[74,105004,651],{"class":167},[74,105006,249],{"class":106},[74,105008,5656],{"class":167},[74,105010,249],{"class":106},[74,105012,37592],{"class":167},[74,105014,260],{"class":106},[74,105016,105017,105019,105021,105023,105025,105027],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,105018,383],{"class":80},[74,105020,85],{"class":84},[74,105022,15291],{"class":1345},[74,105024,107],{"class":106},[74,105026,5008],{"class":110},[74,105028,260],{"class":106},[74,105030,105031],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,105032,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,105034,105035,105037,105039,105041],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,105036,103],{"class":102},[74,105038,107],{"class":106},[74,105040,418],{"class":110},[74,105042,260],{"class":106},[20,105044,157],{},[65,105046,105048],{"className":67,"code":105047,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"{5, 10, 15}\n",[15,105049,105050],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,105051,105052,105054,105056,105058,105060,105062,105064],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,105053,8934],{"class":106},[74,105055,711],{"class":167},[74,105057,249],{"class":106},[74,105059,5656],{"class":167},[74,105061,249],{"class":106},[74,105063,37592],{"class":167},[74,105065,8965],{"class":106},[262,105067,105069],{"id":105068},"from-a-string","From a string",[20,105071,50779,105072,105074],{},[15,105073,3448],{}," on a string, Python treats the string as an iterable of characters.",[65,105076,105078],{"className":67,"code":105077,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = set(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105079,105080,105092,105106,105110],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,105081,105082,105084,105086,105088,105090],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,105083,81],{"class":80},[74,105085,85],{"class":84},[74,105087,89],{"class":88},[74,105089,93],{"class":92},[74,105091,96],{"class":88},[74,105093,105094,105096,105098,105100,105102,105104],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,105095,383],{"class":80},[74,105097,85],{"class":84},[74,105099,15291],{"class":1345},[74,105101,107],{"class":106},[74,105103,111],{"class":110},[74,105105,260],{"class":106},[74,105107,105108],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,105109,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,105111,105112,105114,105116,105118],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,105113,103],{"class":102},[74,105115,107],{"class":106},[74,105117,418],{"class":110},[74,105119,260],{"class":106},[20,105121,29685],{},[65,105123,105125],{"className":67,"code":105124,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"{'b', 'a', 'n'}\n",[15,105126,105127],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,105128,105129,105131,105133,105135,105137,105139,105141,105143,105145,105147,105149,105151,105153],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,105130,8934],{"class":106},[74,105132,2946],{"class":88},[74,105134,4412],{"class":92},[74,105136,2946],{"class":88},[74,105138,249],{"class":106},[74,105140,2941],{"class":88},[74,105142,125],{"class":92},[74,105144,2946],{"class":88},[74,105146,249],{"class":106},[74,105148,2941],{"class":88},[74,105150,75668],{"class":92},[74,105152,2946],{"class":88},[74,105154,8965],{"class":106},[20,105156,105157],{},"The result contains unique characters only.",[262,105159,105161],{"id":105160},"from-range","From range()",[65,105163,105165],{"className":67,"code":105164,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"result = set(range(5))\nprint(result)\n",[15,105166,105167,105185],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,105168,105169,105171,105173,105175,105177,105179,105181,105183],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,105170,383],{"class":80},[74,105172,85],{"class":84},[74,105174,15291],{"class":1345},[74,105176,107],{"class":106},[74,105178,59646],{"class":102},[74,105180,107],{"class":106},[74,105182,711],{"class":167},[74,105184,130],{"class":106},[74,105186,105187,105189,105191,105193],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,105188,103],{"class":102},[74,105190,107],{"class":106},[74,105192,418],{"class":110},[74,105194,260],{"class":106},[20,105196,157],{},[65,105198,105200],{"className":67,"code":105199,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"{0, 1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,105201,105202],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,105203,105204,105206,105208,105210,105212,105214,105216,105218,105220,105222,105224],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,105205,8934],{"class":106},[74,105207,327],{"class":167},[74,105209,249],{"class":106},[74,105211,5148],{"class":167},[74,105213,249],{"class":106},[74,105215,620],{"class":167},[74,105217,249],{"class":106},[74,105219,2094],{"class":167},[74,105221,249],{"class":106},[74,105223,2100],{"class":167},[74,105225,8965],{"class":106},[60,105227,105229],{"id":105228},"what-kinds-of-values-a-set-can-contain","What kinds of values a set can contain",[20,105231,99164,105232,114],{},[332,105233,96010],{},[20,105235,105236],{},"In simple terms, this means the value must be a type Python can safely use inside a set.",[20,105238,99170],{},[30,105240,105241,105245,105249,105253],{},[33,105242,105243],{},[15,105244,1831],{},[33,105246,105247],{},[15,105248,3090],{},[33,105250,105251],{},[15,105252,1834],{},[33,105254,105255,105257],{},[15,105256,48605],{}," (if its contents are also hashable)",[20,105259,506],{},[65,105261,105263],{"className":67,"code":105262,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"items = {1, \"hello\", (10, 20)}\nprint(items)\n",[15,105264,105265,105296],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,105266,105267,105269,105271,105273,105275,105277,105279,105281,105283,105285,105287,105289,105291,105293],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,105268,7435],{"class":80},[74,105270,85],{"class":84},[74,105272,10148],{"class":106},[74,105274,2632],{"class":167},[74,105276,249],{"class":106},[74,105278,89],{"class":88},[74,105280,3497],{"class":92},[74,105282,122],{"class":88},[74,105284,249],{"class":106},[74,105286,8892],{"class":106},[74,105288,1972],{"class":167},[74,105290,249],{"class":106},[74,105292,7446],{"class":167},[74,105294,105295],{"class":106},")}\n",[74,105297,105298,105300,105302,105304],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,105299,103],{"class":102},[74,105301,107],{"class":106},[74,105303,7466],{"class":110},[74,105305,260],{"class":106},[20,105307,99232,105308,105310],{},[332,105309,334],{}," work inside a set:",[30,105312,105313,105317,105321],{},[33,105314,105315],{},[15,105316,7751],{},[33,105318,105319],{},[15,105320,8477],{},[33,105322,105323],{},[15,105324,5939],{},[20,105326,96735],{},[65,105328,105330],{"className":67,"code":105329,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"bad_set = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,105331,105332],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,105333,105334,105336,105338,105340,105342,105344,105346,105348,105350,105352,105354,105356],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,105335,99251],{"class":80},[74,105337,85],{"class":84},[74,105339,99256],{"class":106},[74,105341,2632],{"class":167},[74,105343,249],{"class":106},[74,105345,620],{"class":167},[74,105347,17717],{"class":106},[74,105349,3271],{"class":106},[74,105351,321],{"class":167},[74,105353,249],{"class":106},[74,105355,2100],{"class":167},[74,105357,13363],{"class":106},[20,105359,76495,105360,105362],{},[15,105361,2649],{}," because lists are mutable and cannot be added to a set.",[20,105364,105365],{},"A safer example:",[65,105367,105369],{"className":67,"code":105368,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"good_set = {(1, 2), (3, 4)}\nprint(good_set)\n",[15,105370,105371,105399],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,105372,105373,105376,105378,105381,105383,105385,105387,105389,105391,105393,105395,105397],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,105374,105375],{"class":80},"good_set ",[74,105377,85],{"class":84},[74,105379,105380],{"class":106}," {(",[74,105382,2632],{"class":167},[74,105384,249],{"class":106},[74,105386,620],{"class":167},[74,105388,8889],{"class":106},[74,105390,8892],{"class":106},[74,105392,321],{"class":167},[74,105394,249],{"class":106},[74,105396,2100],{"class":167},[74,105398,105295],{"class":106},[74,105400,105401,105403,105405,105408],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,105402,103],{"class":102},[74,105404,107],{"class":106},[74,105406,105407],{"class":110},"good_set",[74,105409,260],{"class":106},[20,105411,157],{},[65,105413,105415],{"className":67,"code":105414,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"{(1, 2), (3, 4)}\n",[15,105416,105417],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,105418,105419,105422,105424,105426,105428,105430,105432,105434,105436,105438],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,105420,105421],{"class":106},"{(",[74,105423,2632],{"class":167},[74,105425,249],{"class":106},[74,105427,620],{"class":167},[74,105429,8889],{"class":106},[74,105431,8892],{"class":106},[74,105433,321],{"class":167},[74,105435,249],{"class":106},[74,105437,2100],{"class":167},[74,105439,105295],{"class":106},[60,105441,105443],{"id":105442},"when-to-use-set","When to use set()",[20,105445,176,105446,10259],{},[15,105447,3448],{},[30,105449,105450,105453,105458,105461],{},[33,105451,105452],{},"you need unique values only",[33,105454,105455,105456],{},"you want fast membership checks with ",[15,105457,351],{},[33,105459,105460],{},"order does not matter",[33,105462,105463],{},"you need set operations like union or intersection",[20,105465,105466],{},"Example of membership checking:",[65,105468,105470],{"className":67,"code":105469,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"allowed_ids = set([101, 102, 103])\n\nprint(102 in allowed_ids)\nprint(999 in allowed_ids)\n",[15,105471,105472,105497,105501,105517],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,105473,105474,105477,105479,105481,105483,105485,105487,105490,105492,105495],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,105475,105476],{"class":80},"allowed_ids ",[74,105478,85],{"class":84},[74,105480,15291],{"class":1345},[74,105482,2629],{"class":106},[74,105484,46246],{"class":167},[74,105486,249],{"class":106},[74,105488,105489],{"class":167}," 102",[74,105491,249],{"class":106},[74,105493,105494],{"class":167}," 103",[74,105496,751],{"class":106},[74,105498,105499],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,105500,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,105502,105503,105505,105507,105510,105512,105515],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,105504,103],{"class":102},[74,105506,107],{"class":106},[74,105508,105509],{"class":167},"102",[74,105511,20829],{"class":3529},[74,105513,105514],{"class":110}," allowed_ids",[74,105516,260],{"class":106},[74,105518,105519,105521,105523,105526,105528,105530],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,105520,103],{"class":102},[74,105522,107],{"class":106},[74,105524,105525],{"class":167},"999",[74,105527,20829],{"class":3529},[74,105529,105514],{"class":110},[74,105531,260],{"class":106},[20,105533,157],{},[65,105535,105536],{"className":67,"code":43828,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,105537,105538,105542],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,105539,105540],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,105541,3631],{"class":3504},[74,105543,105544],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,105545,3692],{"class":3504},[20,105547,105548],{},"This is a common real-world use of sets.",[60,105550,105552],{"id":105551},"set-vs","set() vs {}",[20,105554,105555],{},"These forms are similar, but they do not mean the same thing.",[262,105557,176,105559,97861],{"id":105558},"use-set-for-an-empty-set",[15,105560,3448],{},[65,105562,105563],{"className":67,"code":97922,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,105564,105565,105575],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,105566,105567,105569,105571,105573],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,105568,97929],{"class":80},[74,105570,85],{"class":84},[74,105572,15291],{"class":1345},[74,105574,8299],{"class":106},[74,105576,105577,105579,105581,105583,105585,105587],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,105578,103],{"class":102},[74,105580,107],{"class":106},[74,105582,1346],{"class":1345},[74,105584,107],{"class":106},[74,105586,97948],{"class":110},[74,105588,130],{"class":106},[20,105590,157],{},[65,105592,105593],{"className":67,"code":8508,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,105594,105595],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,105596,105597,105599,105601,105603,105605,105607],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,105598,2935],{"class":84},[74,105600,2938],{"class":1711},[74,105602,2941],{"class":88},[74,105604,5939],{"class":92},[74,105606,2946],{"class":88},[74,105608,2949],{"class":84},[262,105610,176,105612,105614],{"id":105611},"use-1-2-3-for-a-non-empty-set-literal",[15,105613,99921],{}," for a non-empty set literal",[65,105616,105618],{"className":67,"code":105617,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(type(numbers))\n",[15,105619,105620,105640],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,105621,105622,105624,105626,105628,105630,105632,105634,105636,105638],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,105623,3266],{"class":80},[74,105625,85],{"class":84},[74,105627,10148],{"class":106},[74,105629,2632],{"class":167},[74,105631,249],{"class":106},[74,105633,620],{"class":167},[74,105635,249],{"class":106},[74,105637,2094],{"class":167},[74,105639,8965],{"class":106},[74,105641,105642,105644,105646,105648,105650,105652],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,105643,103],{"class":102},[74,105645,107],{"class":106},[74,105647,1346],{"class":1345},[74,105649,107],{"class":106},[74,105651,3298],{"class":110},[74,105653,130],{"class":106},[20,105655,157],{},[65,105657,105658],{"className":67,"code":8508,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,105659,105660],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,105661,105662,105664,105666,105668,105670,105672],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,105663,2935],{"class":84},[74,105665,2938],{"class":1711},[74,105667,2941],{"class":88},[74,105669,5939],{"class":92},[74,105671,2946],{"class":88},[74,105673,2949],{"class":84},[262,105675,176,105677,105679],{"id":105676},"use-for-an-empty-dictionary",[15,105678,3443],{}," for an empty dictionary",[65,105681,105683],{"className":67,"code":105682,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"empty_dict = {}\nprint(type(empty_dict))\n",[15,105684,105685,105694],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,105686,105687,105690,105692],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,105688,105689],{"class":80},"empty_dict ",[74,105691,85],{"class":84},[74,105693,9495],{"class":106},[74,105695,105696,105698,105700,105702,105704,105707],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,105697,103],{"class":102},[74,105699,107],{"class":106},[74,105701,1346],{"class":1345},[74,105703,107],{"class":106},[74,105705,105706],{"class":110},"empty_dict",[74,105708,130],{"class":106},[20,105710,157],{},[65,105712,105713],{"className":67,"code":8464,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,105714,105715],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,105716,105717,105719,105721,105723,105725,105727],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,105718,2935],{"class":84},[74,105720,2938],{"class":1711},[74,105722,2941],{"class":88},[74,105724,8477],{"class":92},[74,105726,2946],{"class":88},[74,105728,2949],{"class":84},[20,105730,105731],{},"So the rule is simple:",[30,105733,105734,105739,105744],{},[33,105735,105736,105738],{},[15,105737,3448],{}," → empty set",[33,105740,105741,105743],{},[15,105742,99921],{}," → non-empty set",[33,105745,105746,105748],{},[15,105747,3443],{}," → empty dictionary",[60,105750,914],{"id":913},[20,105752,105753,105754,114],{},"These are common problems beginners run into with ",[15,105755,3448],{},[262,105757,571,105758,99519],{"id":99516},[15,105759,3443],{},[20,105761,105762],{},"This creates a dictionary, not a set:",[65,105764,105765],{"className":67,"code":99525,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,105766,105767,105775],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,105768,105769,105771,105773],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,105770,2089],{"class":80},[74,105772,85],{"class":84},[74,105774,9495],{"class":106},[74,105776,105777,105779,105781,105783,105785,105787],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,105778,103],{"class":102},[74,105780,107],{"class":106},[74,105782,1346],{"class":1345},[74,105784,107],{"class":106},[74,105786,246],{"class":110},[74,105788,130],{"class":106},[262,105790,105792,105793],{"id":105791},"passing-a-non-iterable-value-like-set5","Passing a non-iterable value like ",[15,105794,105795],{},"set(5)",[20,105797,105798,105800],{},[15,105799,3448],{}," expects one iterable argument. An integer is not iterable.",[65,105802,105804],{"className":67,"code":105803,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"set(5)\n",[15,105805,105806],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,105807,105808,105810,105812,105814],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,105809,5939],{"class":1345},[74,105811,107],{"class":106},[74,105813,711],{"class":167},[74,105815,260],{"class":106},[20,105817,2646,105818,105820,105821,114],{},[15,105819,2649],{},". If you are seeing a related message, see ",[125,105822,105824],{"href":105823},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix","TypeError: int object is not iterable fix",[262,105826,105828],{"id":105827},"trying-to-put-lists-or-dictionaries-inside-a-set","Trying to put lists or dictionaries inside a set",[20,105830,105831],{},"This does not work because lists and dictionaries are unhashable.",[65,105833,105835],{"className":67,"code":105834,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"value = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,105836,105837],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,105838,105839,105841,105843,105845,105847,105849,105851,105853,105855,105857,105859,105861],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,105840,2089],{"class":80},[74,105842,85],{"class":84},[74,105844,99256],{"class":106},[74,105846,2632],{"class":167},[74,105848,249],{"class":106},[74,105850,620],{"class":167},[74,105852,17717],{"class":106},[74,105854,3271],{"class":106},[74,105856,321],{"class":167},[74,105858,249],{"class":106},[74,105860,2100],{"class":167},[74,105862,13363],{"class":106},[262,105864,923,105866,105868],{"id":105865},"expecting-set-to-keep-the-original-order",[15,105867,3448],{}," to keep the original order",[20,105870,105871],{},"Sets are unordered. If you print a set, the items may not appear in the same order as the original iterable.",[262,105873,1123,105875,1126,105877,339,105879],{"id":105874},"confusing-set-with-list-or-dict",[15,105876,3448],{},[15,105878,24437],{},[15,105880,8775],{},[20,105882,105883],{},"These built-in functions create different types of objects. Choose the one that matches your goal.",[60,105885,60358],{"id":60357},[20,105887,10771],{},[65,105889,105891],{"className":67,"code":105890,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(type(my_value))\nprint(my_value)\nprint(list(my_set))\nprint(len(my_set))\n",[15,105892,105893,105908,105918,105932],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,105894,105895,105897,105899,105901,105903,105906],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,105896,103],{"class":102},[74,105898,107],{"class":106},[74,105900,1346],{"class":1345},[74,105902,107],{"class":106},[74,105904,105905],{"class":110},"my_value",[74,105907,130],{"class":106},[74,105909,105910,105912,105914,105916],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,105911,103],{"class":102},[74,105913,107],{"class":106},[74,105915,105905],{"class":110},[74,105917,260],{"class":106},[74,105919,105920,105922,105924,105926,105928,105930],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,105921,103],{"class":102},[74,105923,107],{"class":106},[74,105925,7751],{"class":1345},[74,105927,107],{"class":106},[74,105929,15324],{"class":110},[74,105931,130],{"class":106},[74,105933,105934,105936,105938,105940,105942,105944],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,105935,103],{"class":102},[74,105937,107],{"class":106},[74,105939,10820],{"class":102},[74,105941,107],{"class":106},[74,105943,15324],{"class":110},[74,105945,130],{"class":106},[20,105947,105948],{},"What they help you see:",[30,105950,105951,105957,105962,105968],{},[33,105952,105953,105956],{},[15,105954,105955],{},"print(type(my_value))"," checks the actual type",[33,105958,105959,90185],{},[15,105960,105961],{},"print(my_value)",[33,105963,105964,105967],{},[15,105965,105966],{},"print(list(my_set))"," converts the set to a list so it is easier to inspect",[33,105969,105970,105973],{},[15,105971,105972],{},"print(len(my_set))"," shows how many unique items are in the set",[60,105975,1471],{"id":1470},[262,105977,105979],{"id":105978},"does-set-remove-duplicates","Does set() remove duplicates?",[20,105981,105982],{},"Yes. Duplicate values are automatically removed when the set is created.",[262,105984,105986],{"id":105985},"how-do-i-make-an-empty-set-in-python","How do I make an empty set in Python?",[20,105988,176,105989,105991,105992,105994],{},[15,105990,3448],{},". Do not use ",[15,105993,3443],{},", because that creates an empty dictionary.",[262,105996,105998],{"id":105997},"does-set-keep-the-original-order","Does set() keep the original order?",[20,106000,106001],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item order.",[262,106003,106005],{"id":106004},"can-i-use-set-on-a-string","Can I use set() on a string?",[20,106007,106008],{},"Yes. It creates a set of unique characters from the string.",[20,106010,506],{},[65,106012,106014],{"className":67,"code":106013,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(set(\"apple\"))\n",[15,106015,106016],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,106017,106018,106020,106022,106024,106026,106028,106030,106032],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,106019,103],{"class":102},[74,106021,107],{"class":106},[74,106023,5939],{"class":1345},[74,106025,107],{"class":106},[74,106027,122],{"class":88},[74,106029,376],{"class":92},[74,106031,122],{"class":88},[74,106033,130],{"class":106},[20,106035,29685],{},[65,106037,106039],{"className":67,"code":106038,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"{'a', 'p', 'l', 'e'}\n",[15,106040,106041],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,106042,106043,106045,106047,106049,106051,106053,106055,106057,106059,106061,106063,106065,106067,106069,106071,106073,106075],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,106044,8934],{"class":106},[74,106046,2946],{"class":88},[74,106048,125],{"class":92},[74,106050,2946],{"class":88},[74,106052,249],{"class":106},[74,106054,2941],{"class":88},[74,106056,20],{"class":92},[74,106058,2946],{"class":88},[74,106060,249],{"class":106},[74,106062,2941],{"class":88},[74,106064,60104],{"class":92},[74,106066,2946],{"class":88},[74,106068,249],{"class":106},[74,106070,2941],{"class":88},[74,106072,60095],{"class":92},[74,106074,2946],{"class":88},[74,106076,8965],{"class":106},[262,106078,4808,106080,106083],{"id":106079},"why-does-set1-2-3-4-not-work",[15,106081,106082],{},"set([1, 2], [3, 4])"," not work?",[20,106085,106086,28340,106088,106091],{},[15,106087,3448],{},[332,106089,106090],{},"one optional iterable argument",", not multiple positional values.",[20,106093,106094],{},"If you want all those values in one set, combine them into a single iterable first:",[65,106096,106098],{"className":67,"code":106097,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(set([1, 2, 3, 4]))\n",[15,106099,106100],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,106101,106102,106104,106106,106108,106110,106112,106114,106116,106118,106120,106122,106124],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,106103,103],{"class":102},[74,106105,107],{"class":106},[74,106107,5939],{"class":1345},[74,106109,2629],{"class":106},[74,106111,2632],{"class":167},[74,106113,249],{"class":106},[74,106115,620],{"class":167},[74,106117,249],{"class":106},[74,106119,2094],{"class":167},[74,106121,249],{"class":106},[74,106123,2100],{"class":167},[74,106125,2643],{"class":106},[60,106127,1527],{"id":1526},[30,106129,106130,106134,106138,106142,106146],{},[33,106131,106132],{},[125,106133,95967],{"href":95966},[33,106135,106136],{},[125,106137,104130],{"href":95970},[33,106139,106140],{},[125,106141,99983],{"href":104981},[33,106143,106144],{},[125,106145,104688],{"href":64493},[33,106147,106148],{},[125,106149,105824],{"href":105823},[1566,106151,106152],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":70,"searchDepth":99,"depth":99,"links":106154},[106155,106156,106157,106158,106159,106165,106166,106167,106175,106185,106186,106194],{"id":62,"depth":99,"text":63},{"id":104306,"depth":99,"text":104307},{"id":226,"depth":99,"text":227},{"id":104691,"depth":99,"text":104692},{"id":104878,"depth":99,"text":104879,"children":106160},[106161,106162,106163,106164],{"id":104882,"depth":133,"text":104883},{"id":104984,"depth":133,"text":104985},{"id":105068,"depth":133,"text":105069},{"id":105160,"depth":133,"text":105161},{"id":105228,"depth":99,"text":105229},{"id":105442,"depth":99,"text":105443},{"id":105551,"depth":99,"text":105552,"children":106168},[106169,106171,106173],{"id":105558,"depth":133,"text":106170},"Use set() for an empty set",{"id":105611,"depth":133,"text":106172},"Use {1, 2, 3} for a non-empty set literal",{"id":105676,"depth":133,"text":106174},"Use {} for an empty dictionary",{"id":913,"depth":99,"text":914,"children":106176},[106177,106178,106180,106181,106183],{"id":99516,"depth":133,"text":100024},{"id":105791,"depth":133,"text":106179},"Passing a non-iterable value like set(5)",{"id":105827,"depth":133,"text":105828},{"id":105865,"depth":133,"text":106182},"Expecting set() to keep the original order",{"id":105874,"depth":133,"text":106184},"Confusing set() with list() or dict()",{"id":60357,"depth":99,"text":60358},{"id":1470,"depth":99,"text":1471,"children":106187},[106188,106189,106190,106191,106192],{"id":105978,"depth":133,"text":105979},{"id":105985,"depth":133,"text":105986},{"id":105997,"depth":133,"text":105998},{"id":106004,"depth":133,"text":106005},{"id":106079,"depth":133,"text":106193},"Why does set([1, 2], [3, 4]) not work?",{"id":1526,"depth":99,"text":1527},"Master python set function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained",{"title":104188,"description":106195},"reference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained","wzopeLgTwc6XjSZRTDiO0MhJY1lIjTWxNHu52c5tL8Y",{"id":106202,"title":106203,"body":106204,"description":107719,"extension":1610,"meta":107720,"navigation":407,"path":107721,"seo":107722,"stem":107723,"__hash__":107724},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method.md","Python Set intersection() Method",{"type":7,"value":106205,"toc":107695},[106206,106212,106217,106220,106303,106308,106313,106318,106320,106333,106337,106339,106358,106361,106384,106387,106398,106400,106481,106483,106500,106502,106508,106511,106606,106608,106639,106641,106649,106651,106654,106765,106767,106792,106794,106816,106821,106826,106832,106941,106943,106959,106962,106965,107048,107050,107067,107075,107077,107081,107087,107178,107180,107213,107218,107225,107302,107304,107321,107327,107329,107333,107349,107352,107378,107380,107441,107443,107566,107568,107619,107625,107627,107632,107634,107640,107643,107647,107650,107654,107657,107667,107669,107692],[10,106207,3223,106209,18],{"id":106208},"python-setintersection-method",[15,106210,106211],{},"set.intersection()",[20,106213,1627,106214,106216],{},[15,106215,106211],{}," method returns a new set containing only the values that appear in both sets.",[20,106218,106219],{},"Use it when you want to find common items between sets without changing the original set.",[65,106221,106223],{"className":67,"code":106222,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n# Output: {2, 3}\n",[15,106224,106225,106245,106265,106269,106288,106298],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,106226,106227,106229,106231,106233,106235,106237,106239,106241,106243],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,106228,2198],{"class":80},[74,106230,85],{"class":84},[74,106232,10148],{"class":106},[74,106234,2632],{"class":167},[74,106236,249],{"class":106},[74,106238,620],{"class":167},[74,106240,249],{"class":106},[74,106242,2094],{"class":167},[74,106244,8965],{"class":106},[74,106246,106247,106249,106251,106253,106255,106257,106259,106261,106263],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,106248,2226],{"class":80},[74,106250,85],{"class":84},[74,106252,10148],{"class":106},[74,106254,687],{"class":167},[74,106256,249],{"class":106},[74,106258,2094],{"class":167},[74,106260,249],{"class":106},[74,106262,2100],{"class":167},[74,106264,8965],{"class":106},[74,106266,106267],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,106268,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,106270,106271,106273,106275,106277,106279,106282,106284,106286],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,106272,383],{"class":80},[74,106274,85],{"class":84},[74,106276,56540],{"class":80},[74,106278,114],{"class":106},[74,106280,106281],{"class":110},"intersection",[74,106283,107],{"class":106},[74,106285,4412],{"class":110},[74,106287,260],{"class":106},[74,106289,106290,106292,106294,106296],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,106291,103],{"class":102},[74,106293,107],{"class":106},[74,106295,418],{"class":110},[74,106297,260],{"class":106},[74,106299,106300],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,106301,106302],{"class":3314},"# Output: {2, 3}\n",[20,106304,176,106305,106307],{},[15,106306,102429],{}," when you want only the items that appear in both sets.",[60,106309,184,106311,187],{"id":106310},"what-the-intersection-method-does",[15,106312,102429],{},[20,106314,106315,106317],{},[15,106316,102429],{}," is a set method that compares one set with another set or iterable and keeps only the shared values.",[20,106319,195],{},[30,106321,106322,106325,106327,106330],{},[33,106323,106324],{},"It returns a new set with items that exist in both sets",[33,106326,100200],{},[33,106328,106329],{},"It works with values that can be stored in a set",[33,106331,106332],{},"It is useful for finding shared values",[20,106334,95963,106335,114],{},[125,106336,95967],{"href":95966},[60,106338,227],{"id":226},[65,106340,106342],{"className":67,"code":106341,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"set1.intersection(set2)\n",[15,106343,106344],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,106345,106346,106348,106350,106352,106354,106356],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,106347,100224],{"class":80},[74,106349,114],{"class":106},[74,106351,106281],{"class":110},[74,106353,107],{"class":106},[74,106355,100233],{"class":110},[74,106357,260],{"class":106},[20,106359,106360],{},"You can also pass more than one argument:",[65,106362,106364],{"className":67,"code":106363,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"set1.intersection(set2, set3)\n",[15,106365,106366],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,106367,106368,106370,106372,106374,106376,106378,106380,106382],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,106369,100224],{"class":80},[74,106371,114],{"class":106},[74,106373,106281],{"class":110},[74,106375,107],{"class":106},[74,106377,100233],{"class":110},[74,106379,249],{"class":106},[74,106381,100260],{"class":110},[74,106383,260],{"class":106},[20,106385,106386],{},"Important notes:",[30,106388,106389,106392,106395],{},[33,106390,106391],{},"The result is always a new set",[33,106393,106394],{},"If there are no shared items, the result is an empty set",[33,106396,106397],{},"You can pass sets or other iterables as arguments",[20,106399,506],{},[65,106401,106403],{"className":67,"code":106402,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,106404,106405,106429,106449,106453,106471],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,106406,106407,106409,106411,106413,106415,106417,106419,106421,106423,106425,106427],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,106408,2198],{"class":80},[74,106410,85],{"class":84},[74,106412,10148],{"class":106},[74,106414,2632],{"class":167},[74,106416,249],{"class":106},[74,106418,620],{"class":167},[74,106420,249],{"class":106},[74,106422,2094],{"class":167},[74,106424,249],{"class":106},[74,106426,2100],{"class":167},[74,106428,8965],{"class":106},[74,106430,106431,106433,106435,106437,106439,106441,106443,106445,106447],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,106432,2226],{"class":80},[74,106434,85],{"class":84},[74,106436,10148],{"class":106},[74,106438,321],{"class":167},[74,106440,249],{"class":106},[74,106442,2100],{"class":167},[74,106444,249],{"class":106},[74,106446,651],{"class":167},[74,106448,8965],{"class":106},[74,106450,106451],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,106452,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,106454,106455,106457,106459,106461,106463,106465,106467,106469],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,106456,383],{"class":80},[74,106458,85],{"class":84},[74,106460,56540],{"class":80},[74,106462,114],{"class":106},[74,106464,106281],{"class":110},[74,106466,107],{"class":106},[74,106468,4412],{"class":110},[74,106470,260],{"class":106},[74,106472,106473,106475,106477,106479],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,106474,103],{"class":102},[74,106476,107],{"class":106},[74,106478,418],{"class":110},[74,106480,260],{"class":106},[20,106482,157],{},[65,106484,106486],{"className":67,"code":106485,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"{3, 4}\n",[15,106487,106488],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,106489,106490,106492,106494,106496,106498],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,106491,8934],{"class":106},[74,106493,321],{"class":167},[74,106495,249],{"class":106},[74,106497,2100],{"class":167},[74,106499,8965],{"class":106},[60,106501,305],{"id":304},[20,106503,106504,21631,106506,114],{},[15,106505,102429],{},[332,106507,5939],{},[20,106509,106510],{},"That returned set contains only the elements that are present in all inputs.",[65,106512,106514],{"className":67,"code":106513,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,106515,106516,106536,106556,106560,106578,106582,106592],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,106517,106518,106520,106522,106524,106526,106528,106530,106532,106534],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,106519,2198],{"class":80},[74,106521,85],{"class":84},[74,106523,10148],{"class":106},[74,106525,2632],{"class":167},[74,106527,249],{"class":106},[74,106529,620],{"class":167},[74,106531,249],{"class":106},[74,106533,2094],{"class":167},[74,106535,8965],{"class":106},[74,106537,106538,106540,106542,106544,106546,106548,106550,106552,106554],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,106539,2226],{"class":80},[74,106541,85],{"class":84},[74,106543,10148],{"class":106},[74,106545,687],{"class":167},[74,106547,249],{"class":106},[74,106549,2094],{"class":167},[74,106551,249],{"class":106},[74,106553,2100],{"class":167},[74,106555,8965],{"class":106},[74,106557,106558],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,106559,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,106561,106562,106564,106566,106568,106570,106572,106574,106576],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,106563,383],{"class":80},[74,106565,85],{"class":84},[74,106567,56540],{"class":80},[74,106569,114],{"class":106},[74,106571,106281],{"class":110},[74,106573,107],{"class":106},[74,106575,4412],{"class":110},[74,106577,260],{"class":106},[74,106579,106580],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,106581,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,106583,106584,106586,106588,106590],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,106585,103],{"class":102},[74,106587,107],{"class":106},[74,106589,418],{"class":110},[74,106591,260],{"class":106},[74,106593,106594,106596,106598,106600,106602,106604],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,106595,103],{"class":102},[74,106597,107],{"class":106},[74,106599,1346],{"class":1345},[74,106601,107],{"class":106},[74,106603,418],{"class":110},[74,106605,130],{"class":106},[20,106607,157],{},[65,106609,106611],{"className":67,"code":106610,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,106612,106613,106625],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,106614,106615,106617,106619,106621,106623],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,106616,8934],{"class":106},[74,106618,687],{"class":167},[74,106620,249],{"class":106},[74,106622,2094],{"class":167},[74,106624,8965],{"class":106},[74,106626,106627,106629,106631,106633,106635,106637],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,106628,2935],{"class":84},[74,106630,2938],{"class":1711},[74,106632,2941],{"class":88},[74,106634,5939],{"class":92},[74,106636,2946],{"class":88},[74,106638,2949],{"class":84},[20,106640,85449],{},[30,106642,106643,106646],{},[33,106644,106645],{},"The return value is a set, not a list",[33,106647,106648],{},"The order is not guaranteed because sets are unordered",[60,106650,357],{"id":356},[20,106652,106653],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets that share some values:",[65,106655,106657],{"className":67,"code":106656,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\", \"blue\"}\n\ncommon_colors = colors1.intersection(colors2)\n\nprint(common_colors)\n",[15,106658,106659,106692,106725,106729,106750,106754],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,106660,106661,106664,106666,106668,106670,106672,106674,106676,106678,106680,106682,106684,106686,106688,106690],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,106662,106663],{"class":80},"colors1 ",[74,106665,85],{"class":84},[74,106667,10148],{"class":106},[74,106669,122],{"class":88},[74,106671,12749],{"class":92},[74,106673,122],{"class":88},[74,106675,249],{"class":106},[74,106677,89],{"class":88},[74,106679,12766],{"class":92},[74,106681,122],{"class":88},[74,106683,249],{"class":106},[74,106685,89],{"class":88},[74,106687,17110],{"class":92},[74,106689,122],{"class":88},[74,106691,8965],{"class":106},[74,106693,106694,106697,106699,106701,106703,106705,106707,106709,106711,106713,106715,106717,106719,106721,106723],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,106695,106696],{"class":80},"colors2 ",[74,106698,85],{"class":84},[74,106700,10148],{"class":106},[74,106702,122],{"class":88},[74,106704,17110],{"class":92},[74,106706,122],{"class":88},[74,106708,249],{"class":106},[74,106710,89],{"class":88},[74,106712,22180],{"class":92},[74,106714,122],{"class":88},[74,106716,249],{"class":106},[74,106718,89],{"class":88},[74,106720,12766],{"class":92},[74,106722,122],{"class":88},[74,106724,8965],{"class":106},[74,106726,106727],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,106728,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,106730,106731,106734,106736,106739,106741,106743,106745,106748],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,106732,106733],{"class":80},"common_colors ",[74,106735,85],{"class":84},[74,106737,106738],{"class":80}," colors1",[74,106740,114],{"class":106},[74,106742,106281],{"class":110},[74,106744,107],{"class":106},[74,106746,106747],{"class":110},"colors2",[74,106749,260],{"class":106},[74,106751,106752],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,106753,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,106755,106756,106758,106760,106763],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,106757,103],{"class":102},[74,106759,107],{"class":106},[74,106761,106762],{"class":110},"common_colors",[74,106764,260],{"class":106},[20,106766,157],{},[65,106768,106770],{"className":67,"code":106769,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"{'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,106771,106772],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,106773,106774,106776,106778,106780,106782,106784,106786,106788,106790],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,106775,8934],{"class":106},[74,106777,2946],{"class":88},[74,106779,12766],{"class":92},[74,106781,2946],{"class":88},[74,106783,249],{"class":106},[74,106785,2941],{"class":88},[74,106787,17110],{"class":92},[74,106789,2946],{"class":88},[74,106791,8965],{"class":106},[20,106793,11341],{},[30,106795,106796,106802,106806,106811],{},[33,106797,106798,106801],{},[15,106799,106800],{},"colors1"," contains three color names",[33,106803,106804,106801],{},[15,106805,106747],{},[33,106807,106808,106810],{},[15,106809,102429],{}," keeps only the values found in both sets",[33,106812,106813,106814],{},"The result is a new set stored in ",[15,106815,106762],{},[60,106817,571,106819,100797],{"id":106818},"using-intersection-with-multiple-sets",[15,106820,102429],{},[20,106822,106823,106824,114],{},"You can pass more than two sets or iterables to ",[15,106825,102429],{},[20,106827,106828,106829,106831],{},"Only the values found in ",[332,106830,3366],{}," inputs will be kept.",[65,106833,106835],{"className":67,"code":106834,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {2, 3, 4, 5}\nc = {3, 4, 6}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,106836,106837,106861,106885,106905,106909,106931],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,106838,106839,106841,106843,106845,106847,106849,106851,106853,106855,106857,106859],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,106840,2198],{"class":80},[74,106842,85],{"class":84},[74,106844,10148],{"class":106},[74,106846,2632],{"class":167},[74,106848,249],{"class":106},[74,106850,620],{"class":167},[74,106852,249],{"class":106},[74,106854,2094],{"class":167},[74,106856,249],{"class":106},[74,106858,2100],{"class":167},[74,106860,8965],{"class":106},[74,106862,106863,106865,106867,106869,106871,106873,106875,106877,106879,106881,106883],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,106864,2226],{"class":80},[74,106866,85],{"class":84},[74,106868,10148],{"class":106},[74,106870,687],{"class":167},[74,106872,249],{"class":106},[74,106874,2094],{"class":167},[74,106876,249],{"class":106},[74,106878,2100],{"class":167},[74,106880,249],{"class":106},[74,106882,651],{"class":167},[74,106884,8965],{"class":106},[74,106886,106887,106889,106891,106893,106895,106897,106899,106901,106903],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,106888,82823],{"class":80},[74,106890,85],{"class":84},[74,106892,10148],{"class":106},[74,106894,321],{"class":167},[74,106896,249],{"class":106},[74,106898,2100],{"class":167},[74,106900,249],{"class":106},[74,106902,37299],{"class":167},[74,106904,8965],{"class":106},[74,106906,106907],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,106908,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,106910,106911,106913,106915,106917,106919,106921,106923,106925,106927,106929],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,106912,383],{"class":80},[74,106914,85],{"class":84},[74,106916,56540],{"class":80},[74,106918,114],{"class":106},[74,106920,106281],{"class":110},[74,106922,107],{"class":106},[74,106924,4412],{"class":110},[74,106926,249],{"class":106},[74,106928,9338],{"class":110},[74,106930,260],{"class":106},[74,106932,106933,106935,106937,106939],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,106934,103],{"class":102},[74,106936,107],{"class":106},[74,106938,418],{"class":110},[74,106940,260],{"class":106},[20,106942,157],{},[65,106944,106945],{"className":67,"code":106485,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,106946,106947],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,106948,106949,106951,106953,106955,106957],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,106950,8934],{"class":106},[74,106952,321],{"class":167},[74,106954,249],{"class":106},[74,106956,2100],{"class":167},[74,106958,8965],{"class":106},[20,106960,106961],{},"This is useful when you want to check which items are shared across many groups.",[20,106963,106964],{},"You can also pass other iterables:",[65,106966,106968],{"className":67,"code":106967,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection([2, 4, 6], (1, 2, 4))\nprint(result)\n",[15,106969,106970,106994,106998,107038],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,106971,106972,106974,106976,106978,106980,106982,106984,106986,106988,106990,106992],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,106973,2198],{"class":80},[74,106975,85],{"class":84},[74,106977,10148],{"class":106},[74,106979,2632],{"class":167},[74,106981,249],{"class":106},[74,106983,620],{"class":167},[74,106985,249],{"class":106},[74,106987,2094],{"class":167},[74,106989,249],{"class":106},[74,106991,2100],{"class":167},[74,106993,8965],{"class":106},[74,106995,106996],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,106997,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,106999,107000,107002,107004,107006,107008,107010,107012,107014,107016,107018,107020,107022,107024,107026,107028,107030,107032,107034,107036],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,107001,383],{"class":80},[74,107003,85],{"class":84},[74,107005,56540],{"class":80},[74,107007,114],{"class":106},[74,107009,106281],{"class":110},[74,107011,2629],{"class":106},[74,107013,687],{"class":167},[74,107015,249],{"class":106},[74,107017,2100],{"class":167},[74,107019,249],{"class":106},[74,107021,37299],{"class":167},[74,107023,17717],{"class":106},[74,107025,8892],{"class":106},[74,107027,2632],{"class":167},[74,107029,249],{"class":106},[74,107031,620],{"class":167},[74,107033,249],{"class":106},[74,107035,2100],{"class":167},[74,107037,130],{"class":106},[74,107039,107040,107042,107044,107046],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,107041,103],{"class":102},[74,107043,107],{"class":106},[74,107045,418],{"class":110},[74,107047,260],{"class":106},[20,107049,157],{},[65,107051,107053],{"className":67,"code":107052,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"{2, 4}\n",[15,107054,107055],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,107056,107057,107059,107061,107063,107065],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,107058,8934],{"class":106},[74,107060,687],{"class":167},[74,107062,249],{"class":106},[74,107064,2100],{"class":167},[74,107066,8965],{"class":106},[60,107068,107070,10243,107072],{"id":107069},"intersection-vs-intersection_update",[15,107071,102429],{},[15,107073,107074],{},"intersection_update()",[20,107076,100967],{},[262,107078,107079],{"id":106281},[15,107080,102429],{},[30,107082,107083,107085],{},[33,107084,100976],{},[33,107086,100979],{},[65,107088,107090],{"className":67,"code":107089,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(a)\nprint(result)\n",[15,107091,107092,107112,107132,107136,107154,107158,107168],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,107093,107094,107096,107098,107100,107102,107104,107106,107108,107110],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,107095,2198],{"class":80},[74,107097,85],{"class":84},[74,107099,10148],{"class":106},[74,107101,2632],{"class":167},[74,107103,249],{"class":106},[74,107105,620],{"class":167},[74,107107,249],{"class":106},[74,107109,2094],{"class":167},[74,107111,8965],{"class":106},[74,107113,107114,107116,107118,107120,107122,107124,107126,107128,107130],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,107115,2226],{"class":80},[74,107117,85],{"class":84},[74,107119,10148],{"class":106},[74,107121,687],{"class":167},[74,107123,249],{"class":106},[74,107125,2094],{"class":167},[74,107127,249],{"class":106},[74,107129,2100],{"class":167},[74,107131,8965],{"class":106},[74,107133,107134],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,107135,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,107137,107138,107140,107142,107144,107146,107148,107150,107152],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,107139,383],{"class":80},[74,107141,85],{"class":84},[74,107143,56540],{"class":80},[74,107145,114],{"class":106},[74,107147,106281],{"class":110},[74,107149,107],{"class":106},[74,107151,4412],{"class":110},[74,107153,260],{"class":106},[74,107155,107156],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,107157,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,107159,107160,107162,107164,107166],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,107161,103],{"class":102},[74,107163,107],{"class":106},[74,107165,125],{"class":110},[74,107167,260],{"class":106},[74,107169,107170,107172,107174,107176],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,107171,103],{"class":102},[74,107173,107],{"class":106},[74,107175,418],{"class":110},[74,107177,260],{"class":106},[20,107179,157],{},[65,107181,107183],{"className":67,"code":107182,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n",[15,107184,107185,107201],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,107186,107187,107189,107191,107193,107195,107197,107199],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,107188,8934],{"class":106},[74,107190,2632],{"class":167},[74,107192,249],{"class":106},[74,107194,620],{"class":167},[74,107196,249],{"class":106},[74,107198,2094],{"class":167},[74,107200,8965],{"class":106},[74,107202,107203,107205,107207,107209,107211],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,107204,8934],{"class":106},[74,107206,687],{"class":167},[74,107208,249],{"class":106},[74,107210,2094],{"class":167},[74,107212,8965],{"class":106},[262,107214,107216],{"id":107215},"intersection_update",[15,107217,107074],{},[30,107219,107220,107222],{},[33,107221,101119],{},[33,107223,107224],{},"Does not create a separate result set",[65,107226,107228],{"className":67,"code":107227,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\na.intersection_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,107229,107230,107250,107270,107274,107288,107292],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,107231,107232,107234,107236,107238,107240,107242,107244,107246,107248],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,107233,2198],{"class":80},[74,107235,85],{"class":84},[74,107237,10148],{"class":106},[74,107239,2632],{"class":167},[74,107241,249],{"class":106},[74,107243,620],{"class":167},[74,107245,249],{"class":106},[74,107247,2094],{"class":167},[74,107249,8965],{"class":106},[74,107251,107252,107254,107256,107258,107260,107262,107264,107266,107268],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,107253,2226],{"class":80},[74,107255,85],{"class":84},[74,107257,10148],{"class":106},[74,107259,687],{"class":167},[74,107261,249],{"class":106},[74,107263,2094],{"class":167},[74,107265,249],{"class":106},[74,107267,2100],{"class":167},[74,107269,8965],{"class":106},[74,107271,107272],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,107273,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,107275,107276,107278,107280,107282,107284,107286],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,107277,125],{"class":80},[74,107279,114],{"class":106},[74,107281,107215],{"class":110},[74,107283,107],{"class":106},[74,107285,4412],{"class":110},[74,107287,260],{"class":106},[74,107289,107290],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,107291,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,107293,107294,107296,107298,107300],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,107295,103],{"class":102},[74,107297,107],{"class":106},[74,107299,125],{"class":110},[74,107301,260],{"class":106},[20,107303,157],{},[65,107305,107307],{"className":67,"code":107306,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"{2, 3}\n",[15,107308,107309],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,107310,107311,107313,107315,107317,107319],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,107312,8934],{"class":106},[74,107314,687],{"class":167},[74,107316,249],{"class":106},[74,107318,2094],{"class":167},[74,107320,8965],{"class":106},[20,107322,107323,107324,107326],{},"Choose ",[15,107325,102429],{}," when you want to keep the original data unchanged.",[60,107328,4170],{"id":4169},[20,107330,14391,107331,679],{},[15,107332,102429],{},[30,107334,107335,107338,107341,107344],{},[33,107336,107337],{},"Expecting a list instead of a set",[33,107339,107340],{},"Assuming the output order will match the input order",[33,107342,107343],{},"Forgetting that duplicates are removed in sets",[33,107345,107346,107347],{},"Thinking the original set changes after calling ",[15,107348,102429],{},[20,107350,107351],{},"These are also common causes of confusion:",[30,107353,107354,107359,107362,107375],{},[33,107355,571,107356,107358],{},[15,107357,102429],{}," when order matters",[33,107360,107361],{},"Using sets with duplicate values and expecting duplicates in the result",[33,107363,1123,107364,1126,107366,339,107371],{},[15,107365,102429],{},[125,107367,107369],{"href":107368},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method",[15,107370,102437],{},[125,107372,107373],{"href":102478},[15,107374,100053],{},[33,107376,107377],{},"Expecting the method to update the original set",[20,107379,29791],{},[65,107381,107383],{"className":67,"code":107382,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(set1.intersection(set2))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,107384,107385,107395,107409,107427],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,107386,107387,107389,107391,107393],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,107388,103],{"class":102},[74,107390,107],{"class":106},[74,107392,15324],{"class":110},[74,107394,260],{"class":106},[74,107396,107397,107399,107401,107403,107405,107407],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,107398,103],{"class":102},[74,107400,107],{"class":106},[74,107402,1346],{"class":1345},[74,107404,107],{"class":106},[74,107406,418],{"class":110},[74,107408,130],{"class":106},[74,107410,107411,107413,107415,107417,107419,107421,107423,107425],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,107412,103],{"class":102},[74,107414,107],{"class":106},[74,107416,100224],{"class":110},[74,107418,114],{"class":106},[74,107420,106281],{"class":110},[74,107422,107],{"class":106},[74,107424,100233],{"class":110},[74,107426,130],{"class":106},[74,107428,107429,107431,107433,107435,107437,107439],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,107430,103],{"class":102},[74,107432,107],{"class":106},[74,107434,10820],{"class":102},[74,107436,107],{"class":106},[74,107438,418],{"class":110},[74,107440,130],{"class":106},[20,107442,506],{},[65,107444,107446],{"className":67,"code":107445,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3}\nother = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = numbers.intersection(other)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,107447,107448,107472,107492,107496,107514,107518,107528,107538,107552],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,107449,107450,107452,107454,107456,107458,107460,107462,107464,107466,107468,107470],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,107451,3266],{"class":80},[74,107453,85],{"class":84},[74,107455,10148],{"class":106},[74,107457,2632],{"class":167},[74,107459,249],{"class":106},[74,107461,620],{"class":167},[74,107463,249],{"class":106},[74,107465,620],{"class":167},[74,107467,249],{"class":106},[74,107469,2094],{"class":167},[74,107471,8965],{"class":106},[74,107473,107474,107476,107478,107480,107482,107484,107486,107488,107490],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,107475,43204],{"class":80},[74,107477,85],{"class":84},[74,107479,10148],{"class":106},[74,107481,687],{"class":167},[74,107483,249],{"class":106},[74,107485,2094],{"class":167},[74,107487,249],{"class":106},[74,107489,2100],{"class":167},[74,107491,8965],{"class":106},[74,107493,107494],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,107495,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,107497,107498,107500,107502,107504,107506,107508,107510,107512],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,107499,383],{"class":80},[74,107501,85],{"class":84},[74,107503,3914],{"class":80},[74,107505,114],{"class":106},[74,107507,106281],{"class":110},[74,107509,107],{"class":106},[74,107511,30399],{"class":110},[74,107513,260],{"class":106},[74,107515,107516],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,107517,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,107519,107520,107522,107524,107526],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,107521,103],{"class":102},[74,107523,107],{"class":106},[74,107525,3298],{"class":110},[74,107527,260],{"class":106},[74,107529,107530,107532,107534,107536],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,107531,103],{"class":102},[74,107533,107],{"class":106},[74,107535,418],{"class":110},[74,107537,260],{"class":106},[74,107539,107540,107542,107544,107546,107548,107550],{"class":76,"line":6079},[74,107541,103],{"class":102},[74,107543,107],{"class":106},[74,107545,1346],{"class":1345},[74,107547,107],{"class":106},[74,107549,418],{"class":110},[74,107551,130],{"class":106},[74,107553,107554,107556,107558,107560,107562,107564],{"class":76,"line":6085},[74,107555,103],{"class":102},[74,107557,107],{"class":106},[74,107559,10820],{"class":102},[74,107561,107],{"class":106},[74,107563,418],{"class":110},[74,107565,130],{"class":106},[20,107567,157],{},[65,107569,107571],{"className":67,"code":107570,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n2\n",[15,107572,107573,107589,107601,107615],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,107574,107575,107577,107579,107581,107583,107585,107587],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,107576,8934],{"class":106},[74,107578,2632],{"class":167},[74,107580,249],{"class":106},[74,107582,620],{"class":167},[74,107584,249],{"class":106},[74,107586,2094],{"class":167},[74,107588,8965],{"class":106},[74,107590,107591,107593,107595,107597,107599],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,107592,8934],{"class":106},[74,107594,687],{"class":167},[74,107596,249],{"class":106},[74,107598,2094],{"class":167},[74,107600,8965],{"class":106},[74,107602,107603,107605,107607,107609,107611,107613],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,107604,2935],{"class":84},[74,107606,2938],{"class":1711},[74,107608,2941],{"class":88},[74,107610,5939],{"class":92},[74,107612,2946],{"class":88},[74,107614,2949],{"class":84},[74,107616,107617],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,107618,173],{"class":167},[20,107620,107621,107622,107624],{},"Notice that the duplicate ",[15,107623,687],{}," does not appear twice, because sets automatically remove duplicates.",[60,107626,1471],{"id":1470},[262,107628,1517,107630,102377],{"id":107629},"does-intersection-change-the-original-set",[15,107631,102429],{},[20,107633,102380],{},[262,107635,1507,107637,107639],{"id":107636},"can-intersection-be-used-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,107638,102429],{}," be used with more than two sets?",[20,107641,107642],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables, and it keeps only items found in all of them.",[262,107644,107646],{"id":107645},"why-is-the-result-in-a-different-order","Why is the result in a different order?",[20,107648,107649],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so their display order is not guaranteed.",[262,107651,107653],{"id":107652},"what-happens-if-there-are-no-common-items","What happens if there are no common items?",[20,107655,107656],{},"The method returns an empty set:",[65,107658,107659],{"className":67,"code":97097,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,107660,107661],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,107662,107663,107665],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,107664,5939],{"class":1345},[74,107666,8299],{"class":106},[60,107668,1527],{"id":1526},[30,107670,107671,107675,107682,107688],{},[33,107672,107673],{},[125,107674,95967],{"href":95966},[33,107676,107677],{},[125,107678,3223,107679,10399],{"href":107368},[15,107680,107681],{},"set.union()",[33,107683,107684],{},[125,107685,3223,107686,10399],{"href":102478},[15,107687,100058],{},[33,107689,107690],{},[125,107691,99983],{"href":104981},[1566,107693,107694],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":70,"searchDepth":99,"depth":99,"links":107696},[107697,107699,107700,107701,107702,107704,107709,107710,107718],{"id":106310,"depth":99,"text":107698},"What the intersection() method does",{"id":226,"depth":99,"text":227},{"id":304,"depth":99,"text":305},{"id":356,"depth":99,"text":357},{"id":106818,"depth":99,"text":107703},"Using intersection() with multiple sets",{"id":107069,"depth":99,"text":107705,"children":107706},"intersection() vs intersection_update()",[107707,107708],{"id":106281,"depth":133,"text":102429},{"id":107215,"depth":133,"text":107074},{"id":4169,"depth":99,"text":4170},{"id":1470,"depth":99,"text":1471,"children":107711},[107712,107714,107716,107717],{"id":107629,"depth":133,"text":107713},"Does intersection() change the original set?",{"id":107636,"depth":133,"text":107715},"Can intersection() be used with more than two sets?",{"id":107645,"depth":133,"text":107646},{"id":107652,"depth":133,"text":107653},{"id":1526,"depth":99,"text":1527},"Master python set intersection method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method",{"title":106203,"description":107719},"reference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method","WdT5ZeMbzzTuqFC6QHuwvJILep4wDplT8MIltw8e0fg",{"id":107726,"title":107727,"body":107728,"description":108964,"extension":1610,"meta":108965,"navigation":407,"path":108966,"seo":108967,"stem":108968,"__hash__":108969},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method.md","Python Set pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":107729,"toc":108931},[107730,107735,107741,107750,107752,107827,107832,107847,107857,107862,107866,107879,107883,107885,107900,107902,107918,107920,107995,107999,108002,108004,108021,108026,108081,108086,108098,108102,108105,108206,108208,108249,108252,108256,108263,108265,108290,108293,108311,108318,108324,108327,108409,108416,108419,108499,108508,108511,108516,108520,108534,108583,108588,108592,108603,108652,108663,108668,108672,108684,108733,108744,108746,108750,108773,108775,108832,108834,108848,108850,108856,108862,108868,108877,108881,108888,108892,108900,108902,108928],[10,107731,95839,107733,18],{"id":107732},"python-set-pop-method",[15,107734,12421],{},[20,107736,107737,107740],{},[15,107738,107739],{},"set.pop()"," removes and returns one item from a set.",[20,107742,107743,107744,107746,107747,107749],{},"This method is useful when you want to take out any item, but you do ",[332,107745,334],{}," care which one. That is important because sets are unordered, so ",[15,107748,12421],{}," does not remove an item by position.",[60,107751,63],{"id":62},[65,107753,107755],{"className":67,"code":107754,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nremoved = items.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(items)\n",[15,107756,107757,107789,107803,107807,107817],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,107758,107759,107761,107763,107765,107767,107769,107771,107773,107775,107777,107779,107781,107783,107785,107787],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,107760,7435],{"class":80},[74,107762,85],{"class":84},[74,107764,10148],{"class":106},[74,107766,122],{"class":88},[74,107768,376],{"class":92},[74,107770,122],{"class":88},[74,107772,249],{"class":106},[74,107774,89],{"class":88},[74,107776,93],{"class":92},[74,107778,122],{"class":88},[74,107780,249],{"class":106},[74,107782,89],{"class":88},[74,107784,3747],{"class":92},[74,107786,122],{"class":88},[74,107788,8965],{"class":106},[74,107790,107791,107793,107795,107797,107799,107801],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,107792,69575],{"class":80},[74,107794,85],{"class":84},[74,107796,5617],{"class":80},[74,107798,114],{"class":106},[74,107800,25895],{"class":110},[74,107802,8299],{"class":106},[74,107804,107805],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,107806,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,107808,107809,107811,107813,107815],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,107810,103],{"class":102},[74,107812,107],{"class":106},[74,107814,69598],{"class":110},[74,107816,260],{"class":106},[74,107818,107819,107821,107823,107825],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,107820,103],{"class":102},[74,107822,107],{"class":106},[74,107824,7466],{"class":110},[74,107826,260],{"class":106},[20,107828,107829],{},[332,107830,107831],{},"What this does:",[30,107833,107834,107839,107844],{},[33,107835,107836,107837],{},"Removes one item from ",[15,107838,7466],{},[33,107840,107841,107842],{},"Stores that removed item in ",[15,107843,69598],{},[33,107845,107846],{},"Prints the removed item and the updated set",[20,107848,107849,88600,107851,107853,107854,107856],{},[332,107850,83458],{},[15,107852,107739],{}," removes and returns one item from the set. The removed item is ",[332,107855,334],{}," chosen by index.",[60,107858,3328,107860,38],{"id":107859},"what-setpop-does",[15,107861,107739],{},[20,107863,107864,679],{},[15,107865,107739],{},[30,107867,107868,107870,107873,107876],{},[33,107869,102680],{},[33,107871,107872],{},"Returns the removed item",[33,107874,107875],{},"Works only on non-empty sets",[33,107877,107878],{},"Does not take an index or value argument",[20,107880,95963,107881,114],{},[125,107882,95967],{"href":97138},[60,107884,227],{"id":226},[65,107886,107888],{"className":67,"code":107887,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"my_set.pop()\n",[15,107889,107890],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,107891,107892,107894,107896,107898],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,107893,15324],{"class":80},[74,107895,114],{"class":106},[74,107897,25895],{"class":110},[74,107899,8299],{"class":106},[20,107901,195],{},[30,107903,107904,107910,107915],{},[33,107905,107906,107907],{},"The syntax is ",[15,107908,107909],{},"my_set.pop()",[33,107911,107912,107913],{},"It takes ",[332,107914,28343],{},[33,107916,107917],{},"If you need the removed item, save the return value in a variable",[20,107919,506],{},[65,107921,107923],{"className":67,"code":107922,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nitem = colors.pop()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,107924,107925,107957,107971,107975,107985],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,107926,107927,107929,107931,107933,107935,107937,107939,107941,107943,107945,107947,107949,107951,107953,107955],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,107928,12732],{"class":80},[74,107930,85],{"class":84},[74,107932,10148],{"class":106},[74,107934,122],{"class":88},[74,107936,12749],{"class":92},[74,107938,122],{"class":88},[74,107940,249],{"class":106},[74,107942,89],{"class":88},[74,107944,12766],{"class":92},[74,107946,122],{"class":88},[74,107948,249],{"class":106},[74,107950,89],{"class":88},[74,107952,17110],{"class":92},[74,107954,122],{"class":88},[74,107956,8965],{"class":106},[74,107958,107959,107961,107963,107965,107967,107969],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,107960,28193],{"class":80},[74,107962,85],{"class":84},[74,107964,12780],{"class":80},[74,107966,114],{"class":106},[74,107968,25895],{"class":110},[74,107970,8299],{"class":106},[74,107972,107973],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,107974,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,107976,107977,107979,107981,107983],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,107978,103],{"class":102},[74,107980,107],{"class":106},[74,107982,22966],{"class":110},[74,107984,260],{"class":106},[74,107986,107987,107989,107991,107993],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,107988,103],{"class":102},[74,107990,107],{"class":106},[74,107992,17157],{"class":110},[74,107994,260],{"class":106},[60,107996,107998],{"id":107997},"important-behavior-to-understand","Important behavior to understand",[20,108000,108001],{},"Sets are unordered collections.",[20,108003,776],{},[30,108005,108006,108012,108015],{},[33,108007,108008,108009,108011],{},"You cannot choose which item ",[15,108010,12421],{}," removes",[33,108013,108014],{},"The removed item may seem different across runs",[33,108016,108017,108018,108020],{},"You should not use ",[15,108019,12421],{}," when you need to remove a specific value",[20,108022,10118,108023,108025],{},[332,108024,334],{}," valid:",[65,108027,108029],{"className":67,"code":108028,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nfruits.pop(\"apple\")\n",[15,108030,108031,108063],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,108032,108033,108035,108037,108039,108041,108043,108045,108047,108049,108051,108053,108055,108057,108059,108061],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,108034,35895],{"class":80},[74,108036,85],{"class":84},[74,108038,10148],{"class":106},[74,108040,122],{"class":88},[74,108042,376],{"class":92},[74,108044,122],{"class":88},[74,108046,249],{"class":106},[74,108048,89],{"class":88},[74,108050,93],{"class":92},[74,108052,122],{"class":88},[74,108054,249],{"class":106},[74,108056,89],{"class":88},[74,108058,3747],{"class":92},[74,108060,122],{"class":88},[74,108062,8965],{"class":106},[74,108064,108065,108067,108069,108071,108073,108075,108077,108079],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,108066,35947],{"class":80},[74,108068,114],{"class":106},[74,108070,25895],{"class":110},[74,108072,107],{"class":106},[74,108074,122],{"class":88},[74,108076,376],{"class":92},[74,108078,122],{"class":88},[74,108080,260],{"class":106},[20,108082,39310,108083,108085],{},[15,108084,107739],{}," does not accept a value.",[20,108087,108088,108089,339,108093,114],{},"If you want to remove a specific item, use ",[125,108090,108091],{"href":97848},[15,108092,102506],{},[125,108094,108096],{"href":108095},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method\u002F",[15,108097,102497],{},[60,108099,108101],{"id":108100},"example-remove-one-item","Example: remove one item",[20,108103,108104],{},"Here is a simple example:",[65,108106,108108],{"className":67,"code":108107,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"animals = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"rabbit\"}\n\nremoved_animal = animals.pop()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_animal)\nprint(\"Updated set:\", animals)\n",[15,108109,108110,108144,108148,108164,108168,108187],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,108111,108112,108115,108117,108119,108121,108123,108125,108127,108129,108131,108133,108135,108137,108140,108142],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,108113,108114],{"class":80},"animals ",[74,108116,85],{"class":84},[74,108118,10148],{"class":106},[74,108120,122],{"class":88},[74,108122,486],{"class":92},[74,108124,122],{"class":88},[74,108126,249],{"class":106},[74,108128,89],{"class":88},[74,108130,57778],{"class":92},[74,108132,122],{"class":88},[74,108134,249],{"class":106},[74,108136,89],{"class":88},[74,108138,108139],{"class":92},"rabbit",[74,108141,122],{"class":88},[74,108143,8965],{"class":106},[74,108145,108146],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,108147,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,108149,108150,108153,108155,108158,108160,108162],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,108151,108152],{"class":80},"removed_animal ",[74,108154,85],{"class":84},[74,108156,108157],{"class":80}," animals",[74,108159,114],{"class":106},[74,108161,25895],{"class":110},[74,108163,8299],{"class":106},[74,108165,108166],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,108167,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,108169,108170,108172,108174,108176,108178,108180,108182,108185],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,108171,103],{"class":102},[74,108173,107],{"class":106},[74,108175,122],{"class":88},[74,108177,28611],{"class":92},[74,108179,122],{"class":88},[74,108181,249],{"class":106},[74,108183,108184],{"class":110}," removed_animal",[74,108186,260],{"class":106},[74,108188,108189,108191,108193,108195,108198,108200,108202,108204],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,108190,103],{"class":102},[74,108192,107],{"class":106},[74,108194,122],{"class":88},[74,108196,108197],{"class":92},"Updated set:",[74,108199,122],{"class":88},[74,108201,249],{"class":106},[74,108203,108157],{"class":110},[74,108205,260],{"class":106},[20,108207,29685],{},[65,108209,108211],{"className":67,"code":108210,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"Removed: dog\nUpdated set: {'cat', 'rabbit'}\n",[15,108212,108213,108222],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,108214,108215,108217,108219],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,108216,28653],{"class":80},[74,108218,679],{"class":106},[74,108220,108221],{"class":80}," dog\n",[74,108223,108224,108227,108229,108231,108233,108235,108237,108239,108241,108243,108245,108247],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,108225,108226],{"class":80},"Updated ",[74,108228,5939],{"class":1345},[74,108230,679],{"class":106},[74,108232,10148],{"class":106},[74,108234,2946],{"class":88},[74,108236,486],{"class":92},[74,108238,2946],{"class":88},[74,108240,249],{"class":106},[74,108242,2941],{"class":88},[74,108244,108139],{"class":92},[74,108246,2946],{"class":88},[74,108248,8965],{"class":106},[20,108250,108251],{},"Your output may be different because sets do not guarantee order.",[60,108253,108255],{"id":108254},"what-happens-with-an-empty-set","What happens with an empty set",[20,108257,29305,108258,108260,108261,114],{},[15,108259,12421],{}," on an empty set raises a ",[15,108262,19342],{},[20,108264,506],{},[65,108266,108268],{"className":67,"code":108267,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"items = set()\nitems.pop()\n",[15,108269,108270,108280],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,108271,108272,108274,108276,108278],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,108273,7435],{"class":80},[74,108275,85],{"class":84},[74,108277,15291],{"class":1345},[74,108279,8299],{"class":106},[74,108281,108282,108284,108286,108288],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,108283,7466],{"class":80},[74,108285,114],{"class":106},[74,108287,25895],{"class":110},[74,108289,8299],{"class":106},[20,108291,108292],{},"This raises:",[65,108294,108296],{"className":67,"code":108295,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"KeyError: 'pop from an empty set'\n",[15,108297,108298],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,108299,108300,108302,108304,108306,108309],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,108301,19342],{"class":1345},[74,108303,679],{"class":106},[74,108305,2941],{"class":88},[74,108307,108308],{"class":92},"pop from an empty set",[74,108310,29355],{"class":88},[20,108312,108313,108314,108317],{},"If needed, you can learn more about this kind of problem on the ",[125,108315,108316],{"href":10732},"KeyError in Python causes and fixes"," page.",[262,108319,108321,108322],{"id":108320},"check-before-calling-pop","Check before calling ",[15,108323,12421],{},[20,108325,108326],{},"A simple way to avoid the error is to check whether the set has items:",[65,108328,108330],{"className":67,"code":108329,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"items = set()\n\nif items:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nelse:\n    print(\"The set is empty.\")\n",[15,108331,108332,108342,108346,108354,108369,108388,108394],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,108333,108334,108336,108338,108340],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,108335,7435],{"class":80},[74,108337,85],{"class":84},[74,108339,15291],{"class":1345},[74,108341,8299],{"class":106},[74,108343,108344],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,108345,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,108347,108348,108350,108352],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,108349,6651],{"class":3529},[74,108351,5617],{"class":80},[74,108353,6046],{"class":106},[74,108355,108356,108359,108361,108363,108365,108367],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,108357,108358],{"class":80},"    removed ",[74,108360,85],{"class":84},[74,108362,5617],{"class":80},[74,108364,114],{"class":106},[74,108366,25895],{"class":110},[74,108368,8299],{"class":106},[74,108370,108371,108373,108375,108377,108379,108381,108383,108386],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,108372,7726],{"class":102},[74,108374,107],{"class":106},[74,108376,122],{"class":88},[74,108378,28611],{"class":92},[74,108380,122],{"class":88},[74,108382,249],{"class":106},[74,108384,108385],{"class":110}," removed",[74,108387,260],{"class":106},[74,108389,108390,108392],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,108391,27088],{"class":3529},[74,108393,6046],{"class":106},[74,108395,108396,108398,108400,108402,108405,108407],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,108397,7726],{"class":102},[74,108399,107],{"class":106},[74,108401,122],{"class":88},[74,108403,108404],{"class":92},"The set is empty.",[74,108406,122],{"class":88},[74,108408,260],{"class":106},[262,108410,176,108412,51,108414],{"id":108411},"use-try-and-except",[15,108413,29459],{},[15,108415,29490],{},[20,108417,108418],{},"You can also handle the error directly:",[65,108420,108422],{"className":67,"code":108421,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"items = set()\n\ntry:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot pop from an empty set.\")\n",[15,108423,108424,108434,108438,108444,108458,108476,108484],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,108425,108426,108428,108430,108432],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,108427,7435],{"class":80},[74,108429,85],{"class":84},[74,108431,15291],{"class":1345},[74,108433,8299],{"class":106},[74,108435,108436],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,108437,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,108439,108440,108442],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,108441,29459],{"class":3529},[74,108443,6046],{"class":106},[74,108445,108446,108448,108450,108452,108454,108456],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,108447,108358],{"class":80},[74,108449,85],{"class":84},[74,108451,5617],{"class":80},[74,108453,114],{"class":106},[74,108455,25895],{"class":110},[74,108457,8299],{"class":106},[74,108459,108460,108462,108464,108466,108468,108470,108472,108474],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,108461,7726],{"class":102},[74,108463,107],{"class":106},[74,108465,122],{"class":88},[74,108467,28611],{"class":92},[74,108469,122],{"class":88},[74,108471,249],{"class":106},[74,108473,108385],{"class":110},[74,108475,260],{"class":106},[74,108477,108478,108480,108482],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,108479,29490],{"class":3529},[74,108481,29493],{"class":1345},[74,108483,6046],{"class":106},[74,108485,108486,108488,108490,108492,108495,108497],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,108487,7726],{"class":102},[74,108489,107],{"class":106},[74,108491,122],{"class":88},[74,108493,108494],{"class":92},"Cannot pop from an empty set.",[74,108496,122],{"class":88},[74,108498,260],{"class":106},[60,108500,1260,108502,10243,108504,10243,108506],{"id":108501},"when-to-use-pop-vs-remove-vs-discard",[15,108503,12421],{},[15,108505,55181],{},[15,108507,102492],{},[20,108509,108510],{},"These three methods all remove items from a set, but they are used in different situations.",[262,108512,176,108514],{"id":108513},"use-pop",[15,108515,12421],{},[20,108517,176,108518,10259],{},[15,108519,12421],{},[30,108521,108522,108528,108531],{},[33,108523,108524,108525],{},"You want to remove ",[332,108526,108527],{},"any one item",[33,108529,108530],{},"You do not care which item is removed",[33,108532,108533],{},"You want the removed item returned",[65,108535,108537],{"className":67,"code":108536,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nvalue = numbers.pop()\nprint(value)\n",[15,108538,108539,108559,108573],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,108540,108541,108543,108545,108547,108549,108551,108553,108555,108557],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,108542,3266],{"class":80},[74,108544,85],{"class":84},[74,108546,10148],{"class":106},[74,108548,2632],{"class":167},[74,108550,249],{"class":106},[74,108552,620],{"class":167},[74,108554,249],{"class":106},[74,108556,2094],{"class":167},[74,108558,8965],{"class":106},[74,108560,108561,108563,108565,108567,108569,108571],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,108562,2089],{"class":80},[74,108564,85],{"class":84},[74,108566,3914],{"class":80},[74,108568,114],{"class":106},[74,108570,25895],{"class":110},[74,108572,8299],{"class":106},[74,108574,108575,108577,108579,108581],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,108576,103],{"class":102},[74,108578,107],{"class":106},[74,108580,246],{"class":110},[74,108582,260],{"class":106},[262,108584,176,108586],{"id":108585},"use-remove",[15,108587,55181],{},[20,108589,176,108590,10259],{},[15,108591,55181],{},[30,108593,108594,108600],{},[33,108595,108596,108597],{},"You want to delete a ",[332,108598,108599],{},"specific item",[33,108601,108602],{},"You expect that item to be in the set",[65,108604,108606],{"className":67,"code":108605,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.remove(2)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,108607,108608,108628,108642],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,108609,108610,108612,108614,108616,108618,108620,108622,108624,108626],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,108611,3266],{"class":80},[74,108613,85],{"class":84},[74,108615,10148],{"class":106},[74,108617,2632],{"class":167},[74,108619,249],{"class":106},[74,108621,620],{"class":167},[74,108623,249],{"class":106},[74,108625,2094],{"class":167},[74,108627,8965],{"class":106},[74,108629,108630,108632,108634,108636,108638,108640],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,108631,3298],{"class":80},[74,108633,114],{"class":106},[74,108635,34451],{"class":110},[74,108637,107],{"class":106},[74,108639,687],{"class":167},[74,108641,260],{"class":106},[74,108643,108644,108646,108648,108650],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,108645,103],{"class":102},[74,108647,107],{"class":106},[74,108649,3298],{"class":110},[74,108651,260],{"class":106},[20,108653,108654,108655,108657,108658,108662],{},"If the item is missing, ",[15,108656,55181],{}," raises an error. See the ",[125,108659,108660,10399],{"href":97848},[15,108661,102506],{}," for details.",[262,108664,176,108666],{"id":108665},"use-discard",[15,108667,102492],{},[20,108669,176,108670,10259],{},[15,108671,102492],{},[30,108673,108674,108678],{},[33,108675,108596,108676],{},[332,108677,108599],{},[33,108679,108680,108681,108683],{},"You do ",[332,108682,334],{}," want an error if the item is missing",[65,108685,108687],{"className":67,"code":108686,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(5)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,108688,108689,108709,108723],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,108690,108691,108693,108695,108697,108699,108701,108703,108705,108707],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,108692,3266],{"class":80},[74,108694,85],{"class":84},[74,108696,10148],{"class":106},[74,108698,2632],{"class":167},[74,108700,249],{"class":106},[74,108702,620],{"class":167},[74,108704,249],{"class":106},[74,108706,2094],{"class":167},[74,108708,8965],{"class":106},[74,108710,108711,108713,108715,108717,108719,108721],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,108712,3298],{"class":80},[74,108714,114],{"class":106},[74,108716,102559],{"class":110},[74,108718,107],{"class":106},[74,108720,711],{"class":167},[74,108722,260],{"class":106},[74,108724,108725,108727,108729,108731],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,108726,103],{"class":102},[74,108728,107],{"class":106},[74,108730,3298],{"class":110},[74,108732,260],{"class":106},[20,108734,108735,108736,108738,108739,108743],{},"This does nothing if ",[15,108737,711],{}," is not in the set. See the ",[125,108740,108741,10399],{"href":108095},[15,108742,102497],{}," for more examples.",[60,108745,914],{"id":913},[20,108747,71120,108748,679],{},[15,108749,107739],{},[30,108751,108752,108758,108763,108768],{},[33,108753,108754,108755],{},"Trying to pass a value like ",[15,108756,108757],{},"my_set.pop(\"apple\")",[33,108759,923,108760,108762],{},[15,108761,12421],{}," to remove the first or last item",[33,108764,29305,108765,108767],{},[15,108766,12421],{}," on an empty set",[33,108769,571,108770,108772],{},[15,108771,12421],{}," when you need to remove a specific item",[20,108774,61942],{},[65,108776,108778],{"className":67,"code":108777,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint(type(my_set))\nitem = my_set.pop()\n",[15,108779,108780,108790,108804,108818],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,108781,108782,108784,108786,108788],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,108783,103],{"class":102},[74,108785,107],{"class":106},[74,108787,15324],{"class":110},[74,108789,260],{"class":106},[74,108791,108792,108794,108796,108798,108800,108802],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,108793,103],{"class":102},[74,108795,107],{"class":106},[74,108797,10820],{"class":102},[74,108799,107],{"class":106},[74,108801,15324],{"class":110},[74,108803,130],{"class":106},[74,108805,108806,108808,108810,108812,108814,108816],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,108807,103],{"class":102},[74,108809,107],{"class":106},[74,108811,1346],{"class":1345},[74,108813,107],{"class":106},[74,108815,15324],{"class":110},[74,108817,130],{"class":106},[74,108819,108820,108822,108824,108826,108828,108830],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,108821,28193],{"class":80},[74,108823,85],{"class":84},[74,108825,96563],{"class":80},[74,108827,114],{"class":106},[74,108829,25895],{"class":110},[74,108831,8299],{"class":106},[20,108833,25663],{},[30,108835,108836,108839,108842,108845],{},[33,108837,108838],{},"What values are in the set",[33,108840,108841],{},"Whether the set is empty",[33,108843,108844],{},"That the object is really a set",[33,108846,108847],{},"What value was actually removed",[60,108849,1471],{"id":1470},[262,108851,1517,108853,108855],{"id":108852},"does-setpop-remove-the-first-item",[15,108854,107739],{}," remove the first item?",[20,108857,108858,108859,108861],{},"No. Sets do not keep order in the way lists do, so ",[15,108860,12421],{}," removes an arbitrary item.",[262,108863,108865,108866,2135],{"id":108864},"can-i-use-an-index-with-setpop","Can I use an index with ",[15,108867,107739],{},[20,108869,108870,108871,108873,108874,108876],{},"No. Unlike list ",[15,108872,12421],{},", set ",[15,108875,12421],{}," does not accept an index.",[262,108878,108880],{"id":108879},"what-error-happens-if-the-set-is-empty","What error happens if the set is empty?",[20,108882,71289,108883,1462,108885,108887],{},[15,108884,19342],{},[15,108886,12421],{}," is called on an empty set.",[262,108889,108891],{"id":108890},"how-do-i-remove-a-specific-item-from-a-set","How do I remove a specific item from a set?",[20,108893,176,108894,339,108896,10750,108898,114],{},[15,108895,55181],{},[15,108897,102492],{},[15,108899,12421],{},[60,108901,1527],{"id":1526},[30,108903,108904,108908,108914,108920,108924],{},[33,108905,108906],{},[125,108907,95967],{"href":97138},[33,108909,108910],{},[125,108911,96453,108912,10399],{"href":97848},[15,108913,55181],{},[33,108915,108916],{},[125,108917,96453,108918,10399],{"href":108095},[15,108919,102492],{},[33,108921,108922],{},[125,108923,10921],{"href":10732},[33,108925,108926],{},[125,108927,55167],{"href":54719},[1566,108929,108930],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":70,"searchDepth":99,"depth":99,"links":108932},[108933,108934,108936,108937,108938,108939,108945,108954,108955,108963],{"id":62,"depth":99,"text":63},{"id":107859,"depth":99,"text":108935},"What set.pop() does",{"id":226,"depth":99,"text":227},{"id":107997,"depth":99,"text":107998},{"id":108100,"depth":99,"text":108101},{"id":108254,"depth":99,"text":108255,"children":108940},[108941,108943],{"id":108320,"depth":133,"text":108942},"Check before calling pop()",{"id":108411,"depth":133,"text":108944},"Use try and except",{"id":108501,"depth":99,"text":108946,"children":108947},"When to use pop() vs remove() vs discard()",[108948,108950,108952],{"id":108513,"depth":133,"text":108949},"Use pop()",{"id":108585,"depth":133,"text":108951},"Use remove()",{"id":108665,"depth":133,"text":108953},"Use discard()",{"id":913,"depth":99,"text":914},{"id":1470,"depth":99,"text":1471,"children":108956},[108957,108959,108961,108962],{"id":108852,"depth":133,"text":108958},"Does set.pop() remove the first item?",{"id":108864,"depth":133,"text":108960},"Can I use an index with set.pop()?",{"id":108879,"depth":133,"text":108880},{"id":108890,"depth":133,"text":108891},{"id":1526,"depth":99,"text":1527},"Master python set pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method",{"title":107727,"description":108964},"reference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method","HnjrB6euDyN20pcN7QQuCb2VArpBGb8ME-qhQl7T8YY",{"id":108971,"title":108972,"body":108973,"description":110127,"extension":1610,"meta":110128,"navigation":407,"path":110129,"seo":110130,"stem":110131,"__hash__":110132},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method.md","Python Set remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":108974,"toc":110095},[108975,108980,108985,108994,108996,109061,109065,109089,109096,109101,109105,109120,109123,109125,109144,109158,109161,109209,109213,109229,109231,109304,109308,109333,109339,109347,109351,109358,109413,109418,109435,109441,109447,109452,109460,109467,109471,109479,109534,109536,109553,109557,109564,109629,109633,109666,109668,109680,109687,109689,109694,109701,109703,109772,109776,109784,109786,109850,109854,109859,109906,109911,109979,109987,109994,109997,110003,110008,110012,110014,110017,110019,110024,110029,110035,110040,110047,110055,110061,110064,110066,110092],[10,108976,95839,108978,18],{"id":108977},"python-set-remove-method",[15,108979,55181],{},[20,108981,108982,108984],{},[15,108983,102506],{}," deletes one specific value from a set.",[20,108986,108987,108988,108991,108992,114],{},"Use it when you want to remove an item ",[332,108989,108990],{},"and you expect that item to be present",". If the item is missing, Python raises a ",[15,108993,19342],{},[60,108995,63],{"id":62},[65,108997,108999],{"className":67,"code":108998,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,109000,109001,109033,109051],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,109002,109003,109005,109007,109009,109011,109013,109015,109017,109019,109021,109023,109025,109027,109029,109031],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,109004,12732],{"class":80},[74,109006,85],{"class":84},[74,109008,10148],{"class":106},[74,109010,122],{"class":88},[74,109012,12749],{"class":92},[74,109014,122],{"class":88},[74,109016,249],{"class":106},[74,109018,89],{"class":88},[74,109020,12766],{"class":92},[74,109022,122],{"class":88},[74,109024,249],{"class":106},[74,109026,89],{"class":88},[74,109028,17110],{"class":92},[74,109030,122],{"class":88},[74,109032,8965],{"class":106},[74,109034,109035,109037,109039,109041,109043,109045,109047,109049],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,109036,17157],{"class":80},[74,109038,114],{"class":106},[74,109040,34451],{"class":110},[74,109042,107],{"class":106},[74,109044,122],{"class":88},[74,109046,12766],{"class":92},[74,109048,122],{"class":88},[74,109050,260],{"class":106},[74,109052,109053,109055,109057,109059],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,109054,103],{"class":102},[74,109056,107],{"class":106},[74,109058,17157],{"class":110},[74,109060,260],{"class":106},[20,109062,109063],{},[332,109064,29685],{},[65,109066,109067],{"className":67,"code":103186,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,109068,109069],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,109070,109071,109073,109075,109077,109079,109081,109083,109085,109087],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,109072,8934],{"class":106},[74,109074,2946],{"class":88},[74,109076,12749],{"class":92},[74,109078,2946],{"class":88},[74,109080,249],{"class":106},[74,109082,2941],{"class":88},[74,109084,17110],{"class":92},[74,109086,2946],{"class":88},[74,109088,8965],{"class":106},[20,109090,176,109091,109093,109094,114],{},[15,109092,55181],{}," to delete a value from a set. If the value is not in the set, Python raises a ",[15,109095,19342],{},[60,109097,3328,109099,38],{"id":109098},"what-setremove-does",[15,109100,102506],{},[20,109102,109103,679],{},[15,109104,102506],{},[30,109106,109107,109110,109112,109114],{},[33,109108,109109],{},"Removes one specific value from a set",[33,109111,95954],{},[33,109113,95957],{},[33,109115,109116,109117,109119],{},"Raises ",[15,109118,19342],{}," if the value is missing",[20,109121,109122],{},"This means the set itself is updated. You do not need to assign the result to a new variable.",[60,109124,227],{"id":226},[65,109126,109128],{"className":67,"code":109127,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"my_set.remove(value)\n",[15,109129,109130],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,109131,109132,109134,109136,109138,109140,109142],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,109133,15324],{"class":80},[74,109135,114],{"class":106},[74,109137,34451],{"class":110},[74,109139,107],{"class":106},[74,109141,246],{"class":110},[74,109143,260],{"class":106},[30,109145,109146,109150,109155],{},[33,109147,109148,102728],{},[15,109149,15324],{},[33,109151,109152,109154],{},[15,109153,246],{}," is the item to remove",[33,109156,109157],{},"Use this method when you expect the item to exist",[20,109159,109160],{},"Here is a small example:",[65,109162,109163],{"className":67,"code":108605,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,109164,109165,109185,109199],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,109166,109167,109169,109171,109173,109175,109177,109179,109181,109183],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,109168,3266],{"class":80},[74,109170,85],{"class":84},[74,109172,10148],{"class":106},[74,109174,2632],{"class":167},[74,109176,249],{"class":106},[74,109178,620],{"class":167},[74,109180,249],{"class":106},[74,109182,2094],{"class":167},[74,109184,8965],{"class":106},[74,109186,109187,109189,109191,109193,109195,109197],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,109188,3298],{"class":80},[74,109190,114],{"class":106},[74,109192,34451],{"class":110},[74,109194,107],{"class":106},[74,109196,687],{"class":167},[74,109198,260],{"class":106},[74,109200,109201,109203,109205,109207],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,109202,103],{"class":102},[74,109204,107],{"class":106},[74,109206,3298],{"class":110},[74,109208,260],{"class":106},[20,109210,109211],{},[332,109212,29685],{},[65,109214,109215],{"className":67,"code":100937,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,109216,109217],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,109218,109219,109221,109223,109225,109227],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,109220,8934],{"class":106},[74,109222,2632],{"class":167},[74,109224,249],{"class":106},[74,109226,2094],{"class":167},[74,109228,8965],{"class":106},[60,109230,357],{"id":356},[65,109232,109234],{"className":67,"code":109233,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.remove(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,109235,109236,109268,109272,109290,109294],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,109237,109238,109240,109242,109244,109246,109248,109250,109252,109254,109256,109258,109260,109262,109264,109266],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,109239,35895],{"class":80},[74,109241,85],{"class":84},[74,109243,10148],{"class":106},[74,109245,122],{"class":88},[74,109247,376],{"class":92},[74,109249,122],{"class":88},[74,109251,249],{"class":106},[74,109253,89],{"class":88},[74,109255,93],{"class":92},[74,109257,122],{"class":88},[74,109259,249],{"class":106},[74,109261,89],{"class":88},[74,109263,32878],{"class":92},[74,109265,122],{"class":88},[74,109267,8965],{"class":106},[74,109269,109270],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,109271,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,109273,109274,109276,109278,109280,109282,109284,109286,109288],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,109275,35947],{"class":80},[74,109277,114],{"class":106},[74,109279,34451],{"class":110},[74,109281,107],{"class":106},[74,109283,122],{"class":88},[74,109285,93],{"class":92},[74,109287,122],{"class":88},[74,109289,260],{"class":106},[74,109291,109292],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,109293,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,109295,109296,109298,109300,109302],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,109297,103],{"class":102},[74,109299,107],{"class":106},[74,109301,35947],{"class":110},[74,109303,260],{"class":106},[20,109305,109306],{},[332,109307,29685],{},[65,109309,109311],{"className":67,"code":109310,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"{'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,109312,109313],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,109314,109315,109317,109319,109321,109323,109325,109327,109329,109331],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,109316,8934],{"class":106},[74,109318,2946],{"class":88},[74,109320,376],{"class":92},[74,109322,2946],{"class":88},[74,109324,249],{"class":106},[74,109326,2941],{"class":88},[74,109328,32878],{"class":92},[74,109330,2946],{"class":88},[74,109332,8965],{"class":106},[20,109334,109335,109336,109338],{},"This removes ",[15,109337,219],{}," from the set.",[20,109340,109341,109342,109344,109345,114],{},"A set does ",[332,109343,334],{}," keep items in a fixed order, so your printed output may appear in a different order. If you are new to sets, see ",[125,109346,95971],{"href":97522},[60,109348,109350],{"id":109349},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-found","What happens if the item is not found",[20,109352,109353,109354,52147,109356,114],{},"If the value is not in the set, ",[15,109355,55181],{},[15,109357,19342],{},[65,109359,109361],{"className":67,"code":109360,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"yellow\")\n",[15,109362,109363,109395],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,109364,109365,109367,109369,109371,109373,109375,109377,109379,109381,109383,109385,109387,109389,109391,109393],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,109366,12732],{"class":80},[74,109368,85],{"class":84},[74,109370,10148],{"class":106},[74,109372,122],{"class":88},[74,109374,12749],{"class":92},[74,109376,122],{"class":88},[74,109378,249],{"class":106},[74,109380,89],{"class":88},[74,109382,12766],{"class":92},[74,109384,122],{"class":88},[74,109386,249],{"class":106},[74,109388,89],{"class":88},[74,109390,17110],{"class":92},[74,109392,122],{"class":88},[74,109394,8965],{"class":106},[74,109396,109397,109399,109401,109403,109405,109407,109409,109411],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,109398,17157],{"class":80},[74,109400,114],{"class":106},[74,109402,34451],{"class":110},[74,109404,107],{"class":106},[74,109406,122],{"class":88},[74,109408,22180],{"class":92},[74,109410,122],{"class":88},[74,109412,260],{"class":106},[20,109414,109415],{},[332,109416,109417],{},"Result:",[65,109419,109421],{"className":67,"code":109420,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"KeyError: 'yellow'\n",[15,109422,109423],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,109424,109425,109427,109429,109431,109433],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,109426,19342],{"class":1345},[74,109428,679],{"class":106},[74,109430,2941],{"class":88},[74,109432,22180],{"class":92},[74,109434,29355],{"class":88},[20,109436,21845,109437,109440],{},[15,109438,109439],{},"\"yellow\""," is not in the set.",[20,109442,109443,109444,109446],{},"This behavior is useful when a missing value should be treated as a real problem. For example, if your program assumes the item must be there, ",[15,109445,55181],{}," helps you notice the mistake immediately.",[20,109448,109449,109450,114],{},"If your code is failing with this error, see ",[125,109451,10921],{"href":10732},[60,109453,3849,109455,109457,109458],{"id":109454},"how-remove-is-different-from-discard",[15,109456,55181],{}," is different from ",[15,109459,102492],{},[20,109461,109462,51,109464,109466],{},[15,109463,55181],{},[15,109465,102492],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the item is missing.",[262,109468,109469],{"id":34451},[15,109470,55181],{},[30,109472,109473,109476],{},[33,109474,109475],{},"Removes the item if it exists",[33,109477,109478],{},"Raises an error if the item is missing",[65,109480,109482],{"className":67,"code":109481,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.remove(\"d\")\n",[15,109483,109484,109516],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,109485,109486,109488,109490,109492,109494,109496,109498,109500,109502,109504,109506,109508,109510,109512,109514],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,109487,35746],{"class":80},[74,109489,85],{"class":84},[74,109491,10148],{"class":106},[74,109493,122],{"class":88},[74,109495,125],{"class":92},[74,109497,122],{"class":88},[74,109499,249],{"class":106},[74,109501,89],{"class":88},[74,109503,4412],{"class":92},[74,109505,122],{"class":88},[74,109507,249],{"class":106},[74,109509,89],{"class":88},[74,109511,9396],{"class":92},[74,109513,122],{"class":88},[74,109515,8965],{"class":106},[74,109517,109518,109520,109522,109524,109526,109528,109530,109532],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,109519,35799],{"class":80},[74,109521,114],{"class":106},[74,109523,34451],{"class":110},[74,109525,107],{"class":106},[74,109527,122],{"class":88},[74,109529,18422],{"class":92},[74,109531,122],{"class":88},[74,109533,260],{"class":106},[20,109535,108292],{},[65,109537,109539],{"className":67,"code":109538,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"KeyError: 'd'\n",[15,109540,109541],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,109542,109543,109545,109547,109549,109551],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,109544,19342],{"class":1345},[74,109546,679],{"class":106},[74,109548,2941],{"class":88},[74,109550,18422],{"class":92},[74,109552,29355],{"class":88},[262,109554,109555],{"id":102559},[15,109556,102492],{},[30,109558,109559,109561],{},[33,109560,109475],{},[33,109562,109563],{},"Does nothing if the item is missing",[65,109565,109567],{"className":67,"code":109566,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"d\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,109568,109569,109601,109619],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,109570,109571,109573,109575,109577,109579,109581,109583,109585,109587,109589,109591,109593,109595,109597,109599],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,109572,35746],{"class":80},[74,109574,85],{"class":84},[74,109576,10148],{"class":106},[74,109578,122],{"class":88},[74,109580,125],{"class":92},[74,109582,122],{"class":88},[74,109584,249],{"class":106},[74,109586,89],{"class":88},[74,109588,4412],{"class":92},[74,109590,122],{"class":88},[74,109592,249],{"class":106},[74,109594,89],{"class":88},[74,109596,9396],{"class":92},[74,109598,122],{"class":88},[74,109600,8965],{"class":106},[74,109602,109603,109605,109607,109609,109611,109613,109615,109617],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,109604,35799],{"class":80},[74,109606,114],{"class":106},[74,109608,102559],{"class":110},[74,109610,107],{"class":106},[74,109612,122],{"class":88},[74,109614,18422],{"class":92},[74,109616,122],{"class":88},[74,109618,260],{"class":106},[74,109620,109621,109623,109625,109627],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,109622,103],{"class":102},[74,109624,107],{"class":106},[74,109626,35799],{"class":110},[74,109628,260],{"class":106},[20,109630,109631],{},[332,109632,157],{},[65,109634,109636],{"className":67,"code":109635,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"{'a', 'b', 'c'}\n",[15,109637,109638],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,109639,109640,109642,109644,109646,109648,109650,109652,109654,109656,109658,109660,109662,109664],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,109641,8934],{"class":106},[74,109643,2946],{"class":88},[74,109645,125],{"class":92},[74,109647,2946],{"class":88},[74,109649,249],{"class":106},[74,109651,2941],{"class":88},[74,109653,4412],{"class":92},[74,109655,2946],{"class":88},[74,109657,249],{"class":106},[74,109659,2941],{"class":88},[74,109661,9396],{"class":92},[74,109663,2946],{"class":88},[74,109665,8965],{"class":106},[20,109667,18349],{},[30,109669,109670,109675],{},[33,109671,109672,109674],{},[15,109673,55181],{}," when missing values should be noticed",[33,109676,109677,109679],{},[15,109678,102492],{}," when you want to avoid errors",[20,109681,109682,109683,114],{},"If you want a full method reference, see ",[125,109684,96453,109685,10399],{"href":108095},[15,109686,102492],{},[60,109688,4170],{"id":4169},[262,109690,923,109692,96833],{"id":109691},"expecting-remove-to-return-the-updated-set",[15,109693,55181],{},[20,109695,109696,109698,109699,114],{},[15,109697,55181],{}," changes the original set and returns ",[15,109700,3429],{},[20,109702,16302],{},[65,109704,109706],{"className":67,"code":109705,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nnew_colors = colors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,109707,109708,109740,109762],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,109709,109710,109712,109714,109716,109718,109720,109722,109724,109726,109728,109730,109732,109734,109736,109738],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,109711,12732],{"class":80},[74,109713,85],{"class":84},[74,109715,10148],{"class":106},[74,109717,122],{"class":88},[74,109719,12749],{"class":92},[74,109721,122],{"class":88},[74,109723,249],{"class":106},[74,109725,89],{"class":88},[74,109727,12766],{"class":92},[74,109729,122],{"class":88},[74,109731,249],{"class":106},[74,109733,89],{"class":88},[74,109735,17110],{"class":92},[74,109737,122],{"class":88},[74,109739,8965],{"class":106},[74,109741,109742,109744,109746,109748,109750,109752,109754,109756,109758,109760],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,109743,12775],{"class":80},[74,109745,85],{"class":84},[74,109747,12780],{"class":80},[74,109749,114],{"class":106},[74,109751,34451],{"class":110},[74,109753,107],{"class":106},[74,109755,122],{"class":88},[74,109757,12766],{"class":92},[74,109759,122],{"class":88},[74,109761,260],{"class":106},[74,109763,109764,109766,109768,109770],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,109765,103],{"class":102},[74,109767,107],{"class":106},[74,109769,12799],{"class":110},[74,109771,260],{"class":106},[20,109773,109774],{},[332,109775,157],{},[65,109777,109778],{"className":67,"code":11466,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,109779,109780],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,109781,109782],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,109783,11466],{"class":3504},[20,109785,16314],{},[65,109787,109788],{"className":67,"code":108998,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,109789,109790,109822,109840],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,109791,109792,109794,109796,109798,109800,109802,109804,109806,109808,109810,109812,109814,109816,109818,109820],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,109793,12732],{"class":80},[74,109795,85],{"class":84},[74,109797,10148],{"class":106},[74,109799,122],{"class":88},[74,109801,12749],{"class":92},[74,109803,122],{"class":88},[74,109805,249],{"class":106},[74,109807,89],{"class":88},[74,109809,12766],{"class":92},[74,109811,122],{"class":88},[74,109813,249],{"class":106},[74,109815,89],{"class":88},[74,109817,17110],{"class":92},[74,109819,122],{"class":88},[74,109821,8965],{"class":106},[74,109823,109824,109826,109828,109830,109832,109834,109836,109838],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,109825,17157],{"class":80},[74,109827,114],{"class":106},[74,109829,34451],{"class":110},[74,109831,107],{"class":106},[74,109833,122],{"class":88},[74,109835,12766],{"class":92},[74,109837,122],{"class":88},[74,109839,260],{"class":106},[74,109841,109842,109844,109846,109848],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,109843,103],{"class":102},[74,109845,107],{"class":106},[74,109847,17157],{"class":110},[74,109849,260],{"class":106},[262,109851,109853],{"id":109852},"trying-to-remove-a-value-that-is-not-present","Trying to remove a value that is not present",[20,109855,109856,109857,114],{},"If the value is missing, you get a ",[15,109858,19342],{},[65,109860,109862],{"className":67,"code":109861,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,109863,109864,109888],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,109865,109866,109868,109870,109872,109874,109876,109878,109880,109882,109884,109886],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,109867,12732],{"class":80},[74,109869,85],{"class":84},[74,109871,10148],{"class":106},[74,109873,122],{"class":88},[74,109875,12749],{"class":92},[74,109877,122],{"class":88},[74,109879,249],{"class":106},[74,109881,89],{"class":88},[74,109883,12766],{"class":92},[74,109885,122],{"class":88},[74,109887,8965],{"class":106},[74,109889,109890,109892,109894,109896,109898,109900,109902,109904],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,109891,17157],{"class":80},[74,109893,114],{"class":106},[74,109895,34451],{"class":110},[74,109897,107],{"class":106},[74,109899,122],{"class":88},[74,109901,17110],{"class":92},[74,109903,122],{"class":88},[74,109905,260],{"class":106},[20,109907,109908,109909,679],{},"To check first, you can use ",[15,109910,351],{},[65,109912,109914],{"className":67,"code":109913,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\n\nif \"green\" in colors:\n    colors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,109915,109916,109940,109944,109960],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,109917,109918,109920,109922,109924,109926,109928,109930,109932,109934,109936,109938],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,109919,12732],{"class":80},[74,109921,85],{"class":84},[74,109923,10148],{"class":106},[74,109925,122],{"class":88},[74,109927,12749],{"class":92},[74,109929,122],{"class":88},[74,109931,249],{"class":106},[74,109933,89],{"class":88},[74,109935,12766],{"class":92},[74,109937,122],{"class":88},[74,109939,8965],{"class":106},[74,109941,109942],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,109943,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,109945,109946,109948,109950,109952,109954,109956,109958],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,109947,6651],{"class":3529},[74,109949,89],{"class":88},[74,109951,17110],{"class":92},[74,109953,122],{"class":88},[74,109955,20829],{"class":84},[74,109957,12780],{"class":80},[74,109959,6046],{"class":106},[74,109961,109962,109965,109967,109969,109971,109973,109975,109977],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,109963,109964],{"class":80},"    colors",[74,109966,114],{"class":106},[74,109968,34451],{"class":110},[74,109970,107],{"class":106},[74,109972,122],{"class":88},[74,109974,17110],{"class":92},[74,109976,122],{"class":88},[74,109978,260],{"class":106},[20,109980,109981,109982,109986],{},"Or use ",[125,109983,109984],{"href":108095},[15,109985,102492],{}," if missing values are acceptable.",[262,109988,1123,109990,1126,109992],{"id":109989},"confusing-setremove-with-listremove",[15,109991,102506],{},[15,109993,54727],{},[20,109995,109996],{},"Sets do not store duplicates.",[20,109998,109999,110000,110002],{},"A list can contain repeated values, but a set cannot. That means ",[15,110001,102506],{}," removes a value from a collection where each item is unique.",[20,110004,110005,110006,114],{},"If you are working with lists and duplicates, you may also want to read ",[125,110007,98717],{"href":98716},[262,110009,110011],{"id":110010},"assuming-sets-keep-item-order","Assuming sets keep item order",[20,110013,108001],{},[20,110015,110016],{},"After removing an item, do not expect the remaining items to stay in a specific order when printed.",[60,110018,1471],{"id":1470},[262,110020,1517,110022,96932],{"id":110021},"does-setremove-return-a-new-set",[15,110023,102506],{},[20,110025,110026,110027,114],{},"No. It changes the original set and returns ",[15,110028,3429],{},[262,110030,29943,110032,110034],{"id":110031},"what-error-does-setremove-raise",[15,110033,102506],{}," raise?",[20,110036,29949,110037,110039],{},[15,110038,19342],{}," if the value is not in the set.",[262,110041,21076,110043,339,110045,2135],{"id":110042},"should-i-use-remove-or-discard",[15,110044,55181],{},[15,110046,102492],{},[20,110048,176,110049,110051,110052,110054],{},[15,110050,55181],{}," when the item should exist. Use ",[15,110053,102492],{}," when missing items are acceptable.",[262,110056,1507,110058,110060],{"id":110057},"can-setremove-remove-multiple-items-at-once",[15,110059,102506],{}," remove multiple items at once?",[20,110062,110063],{},"No. It removes one item at a time. For multiple items, use a loop or another set operation.",[60,110065,1527],{"id":1526},[30,110067,110068,110074,110080,110084,110088],{},[33,110069,110070],{},[125,110071,96453,110072,10399],{"href":108095},[15,110073,102492],{},[33,110075,110076],{},[125,110077,96453,110078,10399],{"href":97853},[15,110079,12421],{},[33,110081,110082],{},[125,110083,96977],{"href":97522},[33,110085,110086],{},[125,110087,99983],{"href":98716},[33,110089,110090],{},[125,110091,10921],{"href":10732},[1566,110093,110094],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":70,"searchDepth":99,"depth":99,"links":110096},[110097,110098,110100,110101,110102,110103,110108,110116,110126],{"id":62,"depth":99,"text":63},{"id":109098,"depth":99,"text":110099},"What set.remove() does",{"id":226,"depth":99,"text":227},{"id":356,"depth":99,"text":357},{"id":109349,"depth":99,"text":109350},{"id":109454,"depth":99,"text":110104,"children":110105},"How remove() is different from discard()",[110106,110107],{"id":34451,"depth":133,"text":55181},{"id":102559,"depth":133,"text":102492},{"id":4169,"depth":99,"text":4170,"children":110109},[110110,110112,110113,110115],{"id":109691,"depth":133,"text":110111},"Expecting remove() to return the updated set",{"id":109852,"depth":133,"text":109853},{"id":109989,"depth":133,"text":110114},"Confusing set.remove() with list.remove()",{"id":110010,"depth":133,"text":110011},{"id":1470,"depth":99,"text":1471,"children":110117},[110118,110120,110122,110124],{"id":110021,"depth":133,"text":110119},"Does set.remove() return a new set?",{"id":110031,"depth":133,"text":110121},"What error does set.remove() raise?",{"id":110042,"depth":133,"text":110123},"Should I use remove() or discard()?",{"id":110057,"depth":133,"text":110125},"Can set.remove() remove multiple items at once?",{"id":1526,"depth":99,"text":1527},"Master python set remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method",{"title":108972,"description":110127},"reference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method","rqj96TKU47GbniERUcyXRFNr3Q0LLY8S8sJgEZ7LbL0",{"id":110134,"title":110135,"body":110136,"description":111509,"extension":1610,"meta":111510,"navigation":407,"path":111511,"seo":111512,"stem":111513,"__hash__":111514},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method.md","Python Set symmetric_difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":110137,"toc":111484},[110138,110144,110150,110153,110156,110170,110172,110253,110256,110261,110265,110279,110286,110288,110307,110310,110328,110330,110410,110412,110437,110441,110444,110452,110457,110462,110464,110477,110482,110485,110509,110512,110520,110522,110525,110622,110624,110657,110659,110685,110692,110695,110699,110707,110711,110719,110721,110811,110813,110827,110834,110839,110844,110846,110937,110939,110951,110953,110967,110973,110981,110983,111065,111067,111112,111115,111123,111126,111128,111132,111175,111177,111197,111202,111204,111289,111291,111296,111298,111305,111313,111319,111322,111324,111410,111412,111436,111440,111443,111445,111472,111482],[10,110139,95839,110141,18],{"id":110140},"python-set-symmetric_difference-method",[15,110142,110143],{},"symmetric_difference()",[20,110145,110146,110149],{},[15,110147,110148],{},"set.symmetric_difference()"," returns the values that appear in exactly one of two sets.",[20,110151,110152],{},"This is useful when you want to compare two sets and keep only the non-matching values.",[20,110154,110155],{},"Use it when:",[30,110157,110158,110161,110167],{},[33,110159,110160],{},"you want items in one set or the other",[33,110162,110163,110164,110166],{},"you do ",[332,110165,334],{}," want items that appear in both sets",[33,110168,110169],{},"you need a new set without changing the originals",[60,110171,3256],{"id":3255},[65,110173,110175],{"className":67,"code":110174,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.symmetric_difference(b)\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110176,110177,110197,110217,110221,110240],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,110178,110179,110181,110183,110185,110187,110189,110191,110193,110195],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,110180,2198],{"class":80},[74,110182,85],{"class":84},[74,110184,10148],{"class":106},[74,110186,2632],{"class":167},[74,110188,249],{"class":106},[74,110190,620],{"class":167},[74,110192,249],{"class":106},[74,110194,2094],{"class":167},[74,110196,8965],{"class":106},[74,110198,110199,110201,110203,110205,110207,110209,110211,110213,110215],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,110200,2226],{"class":80},[74,110202,85],{"class":84},[74,110204,10148],{"class":106},[74,110206,321],{"class":167},[74,110208,249],{"class":106},[74,110210,2100],{"class":167},[74,110212,249],{"class":106},[74,110214,651],{"class":167},[74,110216,8965],{"class":106},[74,110218,110219],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,110220,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,110222,110223,110225,110227,110229,110231,110234,110236,110238],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,110224,383],{"class":80},[74,110226,85],{"class":84},[74,110228,56540],{"class":80},[74,110230,114],{"class":106},[74,110232,110233],{"class":110},"symmetric_difference",[74,110235,107],{"class":106},[74,110237,4412],{"class":110},[74,110239,260],{"class":106},[74,110241,110242,110244,110246,110248,110250],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,110243,103],{"class":102},[74,110245,107],{"class":106},[74,110247,418],{"class":110},[74,110249,3311],{"class":106},[74,110251,110252],{"class":3314},"  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[20,110254,110255],{},"Use this when you want values that are in one set or the other, but not in both.",[60,110257,3328,110259,38],{"id":110258},"what-symmetric_difference-does",[15,110260,110143],{},[20,110262,110263,679],{},[15,110264,110148],{},[30,110266,110267,110270,110273,110276],{},[33,110268,110269],{},"returns a new set",[33,110271,110272],{},"keeps items that are in only one of the two sets",[33,110274,110275],{},"removes items that exist in both sets",[33,110277,110278],{},"does not change the original set",[20,110280,95963,110281,339,110283,114],{},[125,110282,95967],{"href":95966},[125,110284,110285],{"href":95970},"creating a set in Python",[60,110287,227],{"id":226},[65,110289,110291],{"className":67,"code":110290,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\n",[15,110292,110293],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,110294,110295,110297,110299,110301,110303,110305],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,110296,100224],{"class":80},[74,110298,114],{"class":106},[74,110300,110233],{"class":110},[74,110302,107],{"class":106},[74,110304,100233],{"class":110},[74,110306,260],{"class":106},[20,110308,110309],{},"Notes:",[30,110311,110312,110317,110322,110325],{},[33,110313,110314,110316],{},[15,110315,100224],{}," must be a set",[33,110318,110319,110321],{},[15,110320,100233],{}," can be any iterable",[33,110323,110324],{},"the result is always a set",[33,110326,110327],{},"the most common use is comparing two sets",[20,110329,506],{},[65,110331,110333],{"className":67,"code":110332,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\nprint(result)\n",[15,110334,110335,110356,110377,110381,110400],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,110336,110337,110340,110342,110344,110346,110348,110350,110352,110354],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,110338,110339],{"class":80},"set1 ",[74,110341,85],{"class":84},[74,110343,10148],{"class":106},[74,110345,2632],{"class":167},[74,110347,249],{"class":106},[74,110349,620],{"class":167},[74,110351,249],{"class":106},[74,110353,2094],{"class":167},[74,110355,8965],{"class":106},[74,110357,110358,110361,110363,110365,110367,110369,110371,110373,110375],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,110359,110360],{"class":80},"set2 ",[74,110362,85],{"class":84},[74,110364,10148],{"class":106},[74,110366,321],{"class":167},[74,110368,249],{"class":106},[74,110370,2100],{"class":167},[74,110372,249],{"class":106},[74,110374,651],{"class":167},[74,110376,8965],{"class":106},[74,110378,110379],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,110380,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,110382,110383,110385,110387,110390,110392,110394,110396,110398],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,110384,383],{"class":80},[74,110386,85],{"class":84},[74,110388,110389],{"class":80}," set1",[74,110391,114],{"class":106},[74,110393,110233],{"class":110},[74,110395,107],{"class":106},[74,110397,100233],{"class":110},[74,110399,260],{"class":106},[74,110401,110402,110404,110406,110408],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,110403,103],{"class":102},[74,110405,107],{"class":106},[74,110407,418],{"class":110},[74,110409,260],{"class":106},[20,110411,157],{},[65,110413,110415],{"className":67,"code":110414,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110416,110417],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,110418,110419,110421,110423,110425,110427,110429,110431,110433,110435],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,110420,8934],{"class":106},[74,110422,2632],{"class":167},[74,110424,249],{"class":106},[74,110426,620],{"class":167},[74,110428,249],{"class":106},[74,110430,2100],{"class":167},[74,110432,249],{"class":106},[74,110434,651],{"class":167},[74,110436,8965],{"class":106},[60,110438,110440],{"id":110439},"what-the-result-means","What the result means",[20,110442,110443],{},"The result includes:",[30,110445,110446,110449],{},[33,110447,110448],{},"items only in the first set",[33,110450,110451],{},"items only in the second set",[20,110453,110454,110455,10741],{},"The result does ",[332,110456,334],{},[30,110458,110459],{},[33,110460,110461],{},"items shared by both sets",[20,110463,5122],{},[30,110465,110466,110471],{},[33,110467,110468,110469],{},"first set: ",[15,110470,99921],{},[33,110472,110473,110474],{},"second set: ",[15,110475,110476],{},"{3, 4, 5}",[20,110478,3701,110479,110481],{},[15,110480,321],{}," is in both sets, so it is removed from the result.",[20,110483,110484],{},"The output is:",[65,110486,110487],{"className":67,"code":110414,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,110488,110489],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,110490,110491,110493,110495,110497,110499,110501,110503,110505,110507],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,110492,8934],{"class":106},[74,110494,2632],{"class":167},[74,110496,249],{"class":106},[74,110498,620],{"class":167},[74,110500,249],{"class":106},[74,110502,2100],{"class":167},[74,110504,249],{"class":106},[74,110506,651],{"class":167},[74,110508,8965],{"class":106},[20,110510,110511],{},"Also remember:",[30,110513,110514,110517],{},[33,110515,110516],{},"sets are unordered",[33,110518,110519],{},"Python does not guarantee the printed order of set items",[60,110521,357],{"id":356},[20,110523,110524],{},"Here is a small example with one shared value:",[65,110526,110528],{"className":67,"code":110527,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\"}\n\nresult = colors1.symmetric_difference(colors2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,110529,110530,110562,110586,110590,110608,110612],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,110531,110532,110534,110536,110538,110540,110542,110544,110546,110548,110550,110552,110554,110556,110558,110560],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,110533,106663],{"class":80},[74,110535,85],{"class":84},[74,110537,10148],{"class":106},[74,110539,122],{"class":88},[74,110541,12749],{"class":92},[74,110543,122],{"class":88},[74,110545,249],{"class":106},[74,110547,89],{"class":88},[74,110549,12766],{"class":92},[74,110551,122],{"class":88},[74,110553,249],{"class":106},[74,110555,89],{"class":88},[74,110557,17110],{"class":92},[74,110559,122],{"class":88},[74,110561,8965],{"class":106},[74,110563,110564,110566,110568,110570,110572,110574,110576,110578,110580,110582,110584],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,110565,106696],{"class":80},[74,110567,85],{"class":84},[74,110569,10148],{"class":106},[74,110571,122],{"class":88},[74,110573,17110],{"class":92},[74,110575,122],{"class":88},[74,110577,249],{"class":106},[74,110579,89],{"class":88},[74,110581,22180],{"class":92},[74,110583,122],{"class":88},[74,110585,8965],{"class":106},[74,110587,110588],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,110589,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,110591,110592,110594,110596,110598,110600,110602,110604,110606],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,110593,383],{"class":80},[74,110595,85],{"class":84},[74,110597,106738],{"class":80},[74,110599,114],{"class":106},[74,110601,110233],{"class":110},[74,110603,107],{"class":106},[74,110605,106747],{"class":110},[74,110607,260],{"class":106},[74,110609,110610],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,110611,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,110613,110614,110616,110618,110620],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,110615,103],{"class":102},[74,110617,107],{"class":106},[74,110619,418],{"class":110},[74,110621,260],{"class":106},[20,110623,157],{},[65,110625,110627],{"className":67,"code":110626,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"{'red', 'blue', 'yellow'}\n",[15,110628,110629],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,110630,110631,110633,110635,110637,110639,110641,110643,110645,110647,110649,110651,110653,110655],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,110632,8934],{"class":106},[74,110634,2946],{"class":88},[74,110636,12749],{"class":92},[74,110638,2946],{"class":88},[74,110640,249],{"class":106},[74,110642,2941],{"class":88},[74,110644,12766],{"class":92},[74,110646,2946],{"class":88},[74,110648,249],{"class":106},[74,110650,2941],{"class":88},[74,110652,22180],{"class":92},[74,110654,2946],{"class":88},[74,110656,8965],{"class":106},[20,110658,13066],{},[30,110660,110661,110666,110677],{},[33,110662,110663,110665],{},[15,110664,96132],{}," is in both sets, so it is excluded",[33,110667,110668,51,110670,110673,110674,110676],{},[15,110669,65035],{},[15,110671,110672],{},"\"blue\""," are only in ",[15,110675,106800],{},", so they stay",[33,110678,110679,110681,110682,110684],{},[15,110680,109439],{}," is only in ",[15,110683,106747],{},", so it stays",[60,110686,110688,10243,110690],{"id":110687},"symmetric_difference-vs-difference",[15,110689,110143],{},[15,110691,100053],{},[20,110693,110694],{},"These two methods are similar, but they do not do the same thing.",[20,110696,110697,679],{},[15,110698,100053],{},[30,110700,110701,110704],{},[33,110702,110703],{},"keeps items only from the first set",[33,110705,110706],{},"ignores unique items from the second set",[20,110708,110709,679],{},[15,110710,110143],{},[30,110712,110713,110716],{},[33,110714,110715],{},"keeps unique items from both sets",[33,110717,110718],{},"removes shared items",[20,110720,506],{},[65,110722,110724],{"className":67,"code":110723,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))            # {1, 2}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110725,110726,110746,110766,110770,110791],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,110727,110728,110730,110732,110734,110736,110738,110740,110742,110744],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,110729,2198],{"class":80},[74,110731,85],{"class":84},[74,110733,10148],{"class":106},[74,110735,2632],{"class":167},[74,110737,249],{"class":106},[74,110739,620],{"class":167},[74,110741,249],{"class":106},[74,110743,2094],{"class":167},[74,110745,8965],{"class":106},[74,110747,110748,110750,110752,110754,110756,110758,110760,110762,110764],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,110749,2226],{"class":80},[74,110751,85],{"class":84},[74,110753,10148],{"class":106},[74,110755,321],{"class":167},[74,110757,249],{"class":106},[74,110759,2100],{"class":167},[74,110761,249],{"class":106},[74,110763,651],{"class":167},[74,110765,8965],{"class":106},[74,110767,110768],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,110769,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,110771,110772,110774,110776,110778,110780,110782,110784,110786,110788],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,110773,103],{"class":102},[74,110775,107],{"class":106},[74,110777,125],{"class":110},[74,110779,114],{"class":106},[74,110781,2456],{"class":110},[74,110783,107],{"class":106},[74,110785,4412],{"class":110},[74,110787,5011],{"class":106},[74,110789,110790],{"class":3314},"            # {1, 2}\n",[74,110792,110793,110795,110797,110799,110801,110803,110805,110807,110809],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,110794,103],{"class":102},[74,110796,107],{"class":106},[74,110798,125],{"class":110},[74,110800,114],{"class":106},[74,110802,110233],{"class":110},[74,110804,107],{"class":106},[74,110806,4412],{"class":110},[74,110808,5011],{"class":106},[74,110810,110252],{"class":3314},[20,110812,18349],{},[30,110814,110815,110822],{},[33,110816,110817,110821],{},[125,110818,110819],{"href":102478},[15,110820,100053],{}," for a one-sided comparison",[33,110823,110824,110826],{},[15,110825,110143],{}," for a two-sided comparison",[60,110828,110830,10243,110832],{"id":110829},"symmetric_difference-vs-union",[15,110831,110143],{},[15,110833,102437],{},[20,110835,110836,110838],{},[15,110837,102437],{}," combines both sets.",[20,110840,110841,110843],{},[15,110842,110143],{}," only keeps non-shared values.",[20,110845,506],{},[65,110847,110849],{"className":67,"code":110848,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.union(b))                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110850,110851,110871,110891,110895,110917],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,110852,110853,110855,110857,110859,110861,110863,110865,110867,110869],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,110854,2198],{"class":80},[74,110856,85],{"class":84},[74,110858,10148],{"class":106},[74,110860,2632],{"class":167},[74,110862,249],{"class":106},[74,110864,620],{"class":167},[74,110866,249],{"class":106},[74,110868,2094],{"class":167},[74,110870,8965],{"class":106},[74,110872,110873,110875,110877,110879,110881,110883,110885,110887,110889],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,110874,2226],{"class":80},[74,110876,85],{"class":84},[74,110878,10148],{"class":106},[74,110880,321],{"class":167},[74,110882,249],{"class":106},[74,110884,2100],{"class":167},[74,110886,249],{"class":106},[74,110888,651],{"class":167},[74,110890,8965],{"class":106},[74,110892,110893],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,110894,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,110896,110897,110899,110901,110903,110905,110908,110910,110912,110914],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,110898,103],{"class":102},[74,110900,107],{"class":106},[74,110902,125],{"class":110},[74,110904,114],{"class":106},[74,110906,110907],{"class":110},"union",[74,110909,107],{"class":106},[74,110911,4412],{"class":110},[74,110913,5011],{"class":106},[74,110915,110916],{"class":3314},"                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[74,110918,110919,110921,110923,110925,110927,110929,110931,110933,110935],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,110920,103],{"class":102},[74,110922,107],{"class":106},[74,110924,125],{"class":110},[74,110926,114],{"class":106},[74,110928,110233],{"class":110},[74,110930,107],{"class":106},[74,110932,4412],{"class":110},[74,110934,5011],{"class":106},[74,110936,110252],{"class":3314},[20,110938,26875],{},[30,110940,110941,110946],{},[33,110942,110943,110945],{},[15,110944,102437],{}," includes everything",[33,110947,110948,110950],{},[15,110949,110143],{}," excludes values found in both sets",[20,110952,18349],{},[30,110954,110955,110962],{},[33,110956,110957,110961],{},[125,110958,110959],{"href":107368},[15,110960,102437],{}," when overlap does not matter",[33,110963,110964,110966],{},[15,110965,110143],{}," when you want non-matching values only",[60,110968,36269,110970,352],{"id":110969},"using-the-operator",[15,110971,110972],{},"^",[20,110974,110975,110976,110978,110979,114],{},"For sets, the ",[15,110977,110972],{}," operator gives the same result as ",[15,110980,110143],{},[20,110982,506],{},[65,110984,110986],{"className":67,"code":110985,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\n",[15,110987,110988,111008,111028,111032,111050],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,110989,110990,110992,110994,110996,110998,111000,111002,111004,111006],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,110991,110339],{"class":80},[74,110993,85],{"class":84},[74,110995,10148],{"class":106},[74,110997,2632],{"class":167},[74,110999,249],{"class":106},[74,111001,620],{"class":167},[74,111003,249],{"class":106},[74,111005,2094],{"class":167},[74,111007,8965],{"class":106},[74,111009,111010,111012,111014,111016,111018,111020,111022,111024,111026],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,111011,110360],{"class":80},[74,111013,85],{"class":84},[74,111015,10148],{"class":106},[74,111017,321],{"class":167},[74,111019,249],{"class":106},[74,111021,2100],{"class":167},[74,111023,249],{"class":106},[74,111025,651],{"class":167},[74,111027,8965],{"class":106},[74,111029,111030],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,111031,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,111033,111034,111036,111038,111040,111042,111044,111046,111048],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,111035,103],{"class":102},[74,111037,107],{"class":106},[74,111039,100224],{"class":110},[74,111041,114],{"class":106},[74,111043,110233],{"class":110},[74,111045,107],{"class":106},[74,111047,100233],{"class":110},[74,111049,130],{"class":106},[74,111051,111052,111054,111056,111058,111060,111063],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,111053,103],{"class":102},[74,111055,107],{"class":106},[74,111057,110339],{"class":110},[74,111059,110972],{"class":84},[74,111061,111062],{"class":110}," set2",[74,111064,260],{"class":106},[20,111066,29685],{},[65,111068,111070],{"className":67,"code":111069,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111071,111072,111092],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,111073,111074,111076,111078,111080,111082,111084,111086,111088,111090],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,111075,8934],{"class":106},[74,111077,2632],{"class":167},[74,111079,249],{"class":106},[74,111081,620],{"class":167},[74,111083,249],{"class":106},[74,111085,2100],{"class":167},[74,111087,249],{"class":106},[74,111089,651],{"class":167},[74,111091,8965],{"class":106},[74,111093,111094,111096,111098,111100,111102,111104,111106,111108,111110],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,111095,8934],{"class":106},[74,111097,2632],{"class":167},[74,111099,249],{"class":106},[74,111101,620],{"class":167},[74,111103,249],{"class":106},[74,111105,2100],{"class":167},[74,111107,249],{"class":106},[74,111109,651],{"class":167},[74,111111,8965],{"class":106},[20,111113,111114],{},"Both forms:",[30,111116,111117,111120],{},[33,111118,111119],{},"return a new set",[33,111121,111122],{},"do not change the original sets",[20,111124,111125],{},"For beginners, the method form is often easier to read because the name explains what it does.",[60,111127,4170],{"id":4169},[20,111129,20867,111130,679],{},[15,111131,110143],{},[30,111133,111134,111142,111152,111167],{},[33,111135,111136,111139,111141],{},[332,111137,111138],{},"Expecting sorted output",[9503,111140],{},"\nSets are unordered, so the result may print in a different order than you expect.",[33,111143,111144,111147,111149,111151],{},[332,111145,111146],{},"Thinking the original set is changed",[9503,111148],{},[15,111150,110143],{}," returns a new set. It does not modify the original set.",[33,111153,111154,111159,111161,111163,111164,111166],{},[332,111155,111156,111157],{},"Confusing it with ",[15,111158,100053],{},[9503,111160],{},[15,111162,100053],{}," only keeps items from the first set. ",[15,111165,110143],{}," keeps unique items from both sets.",[33,111168,111169,111172,111174],{},[332,111170,111171],{},"Forgetting that sets remove duplicates",[9503,111173],{},"\nA set only stores unique values. If your original data has repeated values, they will appear only once.",[20,111176,1445],{},[30,111178,111179,111188,111191,111194],{},[33,111180,1459,111181,1462,111183,111187],{},[15,111182,110143],{},[125,111184,111185],{"href":107368},[15,111186,102437],{}," is actually needed",[33,111189,111190],{},"comparing lists instead of converting them to sets first",[33,111192,111193],{},"assuming repeated values will appear multiple times in the result",[33,111195,111196],{},"being confused by output order",[20,111198,111199,111200,114],{},"If you are starting with a list and want unique values first, see ",[125,111201,98717],{"href":104981},[20,111203,61942],{},[65,111205,111207],{"className":67,"code":111206,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(set1)\nprint(set2)\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\nprint(type(set1))\nprint(type(set2))\n",[15,111208,111209,111219,111229,111247,111261,111275],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,111210,111211,111213,111215,111217],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,111212,103],{"class":102},[74,111214,107],{"class":106},[74,111216,100224],{"class":110},[74,111218,260],{"class":106},[74,111220,111221,111223,111225,111227],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,111222,103],{"class":102},[74,111224,107],{"class":106},[74,111226,100233],{"class":110},[74,111228,260],{"class":106},[74,111230,111231,111233,111235,111237,111239,111241,111243,111245],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,111232,103],{"class":102},[74,111234,107],{"class":106},[74,111236,100224],{"class":110},[74,111238,114],{"class":106},[74,111240,110233],{"class":110},[74,111242,107],{"class":106},[74,111244,100233],{"class":110},[74,111246,130],{"class":106},[74,111248,111249,111251,111253,111255,111257,111259],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,111250,103],{"class":102},[74,111252,107],{"class":106},[74,111254,110339],{"class":110},[74,111256,110972],{"class":84},[74,111258,111062],{"class":110},[74,111260,260],{"class":106},[74,111262,111263,111265,111267,111269,111271,111273],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,111264,103],{"class":102},[74,111266,107],{"class":106},[74,111268,1346],{"class":1345},[74,111270,107],{"class":106},[74,111272,100224],{"class":110},[74,111274,130],{"class":106},[74,111276,111277,111279,111281,111283,111285,111287],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,111278,103],{"class":102},[74,111280,107],{"class":106},[74,111282,1346],{"class":1345},[74,111284,107],{"class":106},[74,111286,100233],{"class":110},[74,111288,130],{"class":106},[60,111290,1471],{"id":1470},[262,111292,1517,111294,102377],{"id":111293},"does-symmetric_difference-change-the-original-set",[15,111295,110143],{},[20,111297,102380],{},[262,111299,4828,111301,51,111303,2135],{"id":111300},"what-is-the-difference-between-symmetric_difference-and-difference",[15,111302,110143],{},[15,111304,100053],{},[20,111306,111307,111309,111310,111312],{},[15,111308,100053],{}," keeps items only from the first set. ",[15,111311,110143],{}," keeps items that appear in exactly one of the two sets.",[262,111314,27983,111316,111318],{"id":111315},"can-i-use-symmetric_difference-with-lists",[15,111317,110143],{}," with lists?",[20,111320,111321],{},"The method is for sets. Convert a list to a set first if needed.",[20,111323,506],{},[65,111325,111327],{"className":67,"code":111326,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"list1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = set(list1).symmetric_difference(set(list2))\nprint(result)\n",[15,111328,111329,111349,111369,111373,111400],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,111330,111331,111333,111335,111337,111339,111341,111343,111345,111347],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,111332,80295],{"class":80},[74,111334,85],{"class":84},[74,111336,3271],{"class":106},[74,111338,2632],{"class":167},[74,111340,249],{"class":106},[74,111342,620],{"class":167},[74,111344,249],{"class":106},[74,111346,2094],{"class":167},[74,111348,3284],{"class":106},[74,111350,111351,111353,111355,111357,111359,111361,111363,111365,111367],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,111352,80316],{"class":80},[74,111354,85],{"class":84},[74,111356,3271],{"class":106},[74,111358,321],{"class":167},[74,111360,249],{"class":106},[74,111362,2100],{"class":167},[74,111364,249],{"class":106},[74,111366,651],{"class":167},[74,111368,3284],{"class":106},[74,111370,111371],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,111372,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,111374,111375,111377,111379,111381,111383,111386,111388,111390,111392,111394,111396,111398],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,111376,383],{"class":80},[74,111378,85],{"class":84},[74,111380,15291],{"class":1345},[74,111382,107],{"class":106},[74,111384,111385],{"class":110},"list1",[74,111387,8289],{"class":106},[74,111389,110233],{"class":110},[74,111391,107],{"class":106},[74,111393,5939],{"class":1345},[74,111395,107],{"class":106},[74,111397,80582],{"class":110},[74,111399,130],{"class":106},[74,111401,111402,111404,111406,111408],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,111403,103],{"class":102},[74,111405,107],{"class":106},[74,111407,418],{"class":110},[74,111409,260],{"class":106},[20,111411,157],{},[65,111413,111414],{"className":67,"code":110414,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,111415,111416],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,111417,111418,111420,111422,111424,111426,111428,111430,111432,111434],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,111419,8934],{"class":106},[74,111421,2632],{"class":167},[74,111423,249],{"class":106},[74,111425,620],{"class":167},[74,111427,249],{"class":106},[74,111429,2100],{"class":167},[74,111431,249],{"class":106},[74,111433,651],{"class":167},[74,111435,8965],{"class":106},[262,111437,111439],{"id":111438},"why-does-the-output-order-look-random","Why does the output order look random?",[20,111441,111442],{},"Sets are unordered, so Python does not guarantee item order.",[60,111444,1527],{"id":1526},[30,111446,111447,111451,111456,111462,111468],{},[33,111448,111449],{},[125,111450,95967],{"href":95966},[33,111452,111453],{},[125,111454,111455],{"href":95970},"Creating a set in Python",[33,111457,111458],{},[125,111459,96453,111460,10399],{"href":102478},[15,111461,100053],{},[33,111463,111464],{},[125,111465,96453,111466,10399],{"href":107368},[15,111467,102437],{},[33,111469,111470],{},[125,111471,99983],{"href":104981},[20,111473,111474,111475,220,111477,16730,111479,111481],{},"If you are learning set methods, compare ",[15,111476,100053],{},[15,111478,102437],{},[15,111480,110143],{}," side by side. That makes it much easier to choose the right one for real tasks.",[1566,111483,56894],{},{"title":70,"searchDepth":99,"depth":99,"links":111485},[111486,111487,111489,111490,111491,111492,111494,111496,111498,111499,111508],{"id":3255,"depth":99,"text":3256},{"id":110258,"depth":99,"text":111488},"What symmetric_difference() does",{"id":226,"depth":99,"text":227},{"id":110439,"depth":99,"text":110440},{"id":356,"depth":99,"text":357},{"id":110687,"depth":99,"text":111493},"symmetric_difference() vs difference()",{"id":110829,"depth":99,"text":111495},"symmetric_difference() vs union()",{"id":110969,"depth":99,"text":111497},"Using the ^ operator",{"id":4169,"depth":99,"text":4170},{"id":1470,"depth":99,"text":1471,"children":111500},[111501,111503,111505,111507],{"id":111293,"depth":133,"text":111502},"Does symmetric_difference() change the original set?",{"id":111300,"depth":133,"text":111504},"What is the difference between symmetric_difference() and difference()?",{"id":111315,"depth":133,"text":111506},"Can I use symmetric_difference() with lists?",{"id":111438,"depth":133,"text":111439},{"id":1526,"depth":99,"text":1527},"Master python set symmetric_difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method",{"title":110135,"description":111509},"reference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method","lpKe_do_U0RkRSxaS1njn8pocrqwUs1i7_KsXGGWZm4",{"id":111516,"title":111517,"body":111518,"description":113581,"extension":1610,"meta":113582,"navigation":407,"path":107368,"seo":113583,"stem":113584,"__hash__":113585},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method.md","Python Set union() Method",{"type":7,"value":111519,"toc":113540},[111520,111525,111530,111533,111546,111548,111630,111635,111640,111644,111656,111659,111663,111665,111692,111694,111705,111708,111777,111779,111785,111788,111798,111800,111889,111894,111896,111903,111906,111908,111911,112031,112033,112102,112105,112122,112127,112130,112246,112248,112277,112280,112286,112291,112295,112376,112378,112406,112411,112415,112510,112512,112553,112557,112560,112627,112629,112670,112676,112691,112698,112705,112709,112715,112801,112805,112813,112884,112889,112896,112898,112904,112906,112971,112973,112989,112994,112997,113066,113070,113073,113132,113135,113139,113192,113205,113208,113261,113265,113267,113298,113301,113306,113359,113363,113366,113387,113399,113401,113454,113456,113461,113463,113469,113472,113478,113483,113487,113490,113498,113507,113509,113537],[10,111521,3223,111523,18],{"id":111522},"python-setunion-method",[15,111524,107681],{},[20,111526,111527,111529],{},[15,111528,107681],{}," combines items from one set with items from one or more other iterables.",[20,111531,111532],{},"It is useful when you want:",[30,111534,111535,111538,111543],{},[33,111536,111537],{},"all unique values from multiple collections",[33,111539,2198,111540,111542],{},[332,111541,100408],{}," as the result",[33,111544,111545],{},"to keep the original set unchanged",[60,111547,63],{"id":62},[65,111549,111551],{"className":67,"code":111550,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2)\nprint(result)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,111552,111553,111573,111593,111597,111615,111625],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,111554,111555,111557,111559,111561,111563,111565,111567,111569,111571],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,111556,110339],{"class":80},[74,111558,85],{"class":84},[74,111560,10148],{"class":106},[74,111562,2632],{"class":167},[74,111564,249],{"class":106},[74,111566,620],{"class":167},[74,111568,249],{"class":106},[74,111570,2094],{"class":167},[74,111572,8965],{"class":106},[74,111574,111575,111577,111579,111581,111583,111585,111587,111589,111591],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,111576,110360],{"class":80},[74,111578,85],{"class":84},[74,111580,10148],{"class":106},[74,111582,321],{"class":167},[74,111584,249],{"class":106},[74,111586,2100],{"class":167},[74,111588,249],{"class":106},[74,111590,651],{"class":167},[74,111592,8965],{"class":106},[74,111594,111595],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,111596,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,111598,111599,111601,111603,111605,111607,111609,111611,111613],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,111600,383],{"class":80},[74,111602,85],{"class":84},[74,111604,110389],{"class":80},[74,111606,114],{"class":106},[74,111608,110907],{"class":110},[74,111610,107],{"class":106},[74,111612,100233],{"class":110},[74,111614,260],{"class":106},[74,111616,111617,111619,111621,111623],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,111618,103],{"class":102},[74,111620,107],{"class":106},[74,111622,418],{"class":110},[74,111624,260],{"class":106},[74,111626,111627],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,111628,111629],{"class":3314},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[20,111631,111632,111634],{},[15,111633,102437],{}," returns a new set containing all unique items from both sets.",[60,111636,3328,111638,38],{"id":111637},"what-setunion-does",[15,111639,107681],{},[20,111641,111642,679],{},[15,111643,107681],{},[30,111645,111646,111649,111652,111654],{},[33,111647,111648],{},"combines items from one set and one or more other iterables",[33,111650,111651],{},"keeps only unique values",[33,111653,110269],{},[33,111655,110278],{},[20,111657,111658],{},"If the same value appears more than once, it will appear only once in the result.",[20,111660,95963,111661,114],{},[125,111662,95967],{"href":97138},[60,111664,227],{"id":226},[65,111666,111668],{"className":67,"code":111667,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"set1.union(set2, set3, ...)\n",[15,111669,111670],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,111671,111672,111674,111676,111678,111680,111682,111684,111686,111688,111690],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,111673,100224],{"class":80},[74,111675,114],{"class":106},[74,111677,110907],{"class":110},[74,111679,107],{"class":106},[74,111681,100233],{"class":110},[74,111683,249],{"class":106},[74,111685,100260],{"class":110},[74,111687,249],{"class":106},[74,111689,34112],{"class":102},[74,111691,260],{"class":106},[20,111693,195],{},[30,111695,111696,111699,111702],{},[33,111697,111698],{},"You can pass one or more arguments.",[33,111700,111701],{},"Each argument can be a set or another iterable.",[33,111703,111704],{},"The method returns a new set with all unique items.",[20,111706,111707],{},"Example with two sets:",[65,111709,111711],{"className":67,"code":111710,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,111712,111713,111729,111745,111749,111767],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,111714,111715,111717,111719,111721,111723,111725,111727],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,111716,2198],{"class":80},[74,111718,85],{"class":84},[74,111720,10148],{"class":106},[74,111722,2632],{"class":167},[74,111724,249],{"class":106},[74,111726,620],{"class":167},[74,111728,8965],{"class":106},[74,111730,111731,111733,111735,111737,111739,111741,111743],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,111732,2226],{"class":80},[74,111734,85],{"class":84},[74,111736,10148],{"class":106},[74,111738,687],{"class":167},[74,111740,249],{"class":106},[74,111742,2094],{"class":167},[74,111744,8965],{"class":106},[74,111746,111747],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,111748,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,111750,111751,111753,111755,111757,111759,111761,111763,111765],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,111752,383],{"class":80},[74,111754,85],{"class":84},[74,111756,56540],{"class":80},[74,111758,114],{"class":106},[74,111760,110907],{"class":110},[74,111762,107],{"class":106},[74,111764,4412],{"class":110},[74,111766,260],{"class":106},[74,111768,111769,111771,111773,111775],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,111770,103],{"class":102},[74,111772,107],{"class":106},[74,111774,418],{"class":110},[74,111776,260],{"class":106},[60,111778,21626],{"id":21625},[20,111780,111781,100405,111783,114],{},[15,111782,107681],{},[332,111784,100408],{},[20,111786,111787],{},"That returned set contains every unique item found in:",[30,111789,111790,111793],{},[33,111791,111792],{},"the original set",[33,111794,111795,111796],{},"all arguments passed to ",[15,111797,102437],{},[20,111799,506],{},[65,111801,111803],{"className":67,"code":111802,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\n\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)       # {1, 2}\n",[15,111804,111805,111821,111837,111841,111859,111863,111876],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,111806,111807,111809,111811,111813,111815,111817,111819],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,111808,2198],{"class":80},[74,111810,85],{"class":84},[74,111812,10148],{"class":106},[74,111814,2632],{"class":167},[74,111816,249],{"class":106},[74,111818,620],{"class":167},[74,111820,8965],{"class":106},[74,111822,111823,111825,111827,111829,111831,111833,111835],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,111824,2226],{"class":80},[74,111826,85],{"class":84},[74,111828,10148],{"class":106},[74,111830,687],{"class":167},[74,111832,249],{"class":106},[74,111834,2094],{"class":167},[74,111836,8965],{"class":106},[74,111838,111839],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,111840,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,111842,111843,111845,111847,111849,111851,111853,111855,111857],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,111844,383],{"class":80},[74,111846,85],{"class":84},[74,111848,56540],{"class":80},[74,111850,114],{"class":106},[74,111852,110907],{"class":110},[74,111854,107],{"class":106},[74,111856,4412],{"class":110},[74,111858,260],{"class":106},[74,111860,111861],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,111862,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,111864,111865,111867,111869,111871,111873],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,111866,103],{"class":102},[74,111868,107],{"class":106},[74,111870,418],{"class":110},[74,111872,3311],{"class":106},[74,111874,111875],{"class":3314},"  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[74,111877,111878,111880,111882,111884,111886],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,111879,103],{"class":102},[74,111881,107],{"class":106},[74,111883,125],{"class":110},[74,111885,3311],{"class":106},[74,111887,111888],{"class":3314},"       # {1, 2}\n",[20,111890,1927,111891,111893],{},[15,111892,125],{}," did not change.",[20,111895,110511],{},[30,111897,111898,111900],{},[33,111899,110516],{},[33,111901,111902],{},"printed output order is not guaranteed",[20,111904,111905],{},"So you may see the same values in a different order.",[60,111907,357],{"id":356},[20,111909,111910],{},"Here is a basic example with overlapping values:",[65,111912,111914],{"className":67,"code":111913,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"fruits1 = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits2 = {\"banana\", \"grape\", \"orange\"}\n\nresult = fruits1.union(fruits2)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits1)\n",[15,111915,111916,111949,111982,111986,112006,112010,112020],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,111917,111918,111921,111923,111925,111927,111929,111931,111933,111935,111937,111939,111941,111943,111945,111947],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,111919,111920],{"class":80},"fruits1 ",[74,111922,85],{"class":84},[74,111924,10148],{"class":106},[74,111926,122],{"class":88},[74,111928,376],{"class":92},[74,111930,122],{"class":88},[74,111932,249],{"class":106},[74,111934,89],{"class":88},[74,111936,93],{"class":92},[74,111938,122],{"class":88},[74,111940,249],{"class":106},[74,111942,89],{"class":88},[74,111944,32878],{"class":92},[74,111946,122],{"class":88},[74,111948,8965],{"class":106},[74,111950,111951,111954,111956,111958,111960,111962,111964,111966,111968,111970,111972,111974,111976,111978,111980],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,111952,111953],{"class":80},"fruits2 ",[74,111955,85],{"class":84},[74,111957,10148],{"class":106},[74,111959,122],{"class":88},[74,111961,93],{"class":92},[74,111963,122],{"class":88},[74,111965,249],{"class":106},[74,111967,89],{"class":88},[74,111969,22189],{"class":92},[74,111971,122],{"class":88},[74,111973,249],{"class":106},[74,111975,89],{"class":88},[74,111977,32878],{"class":92},[74,111979,122],{"class":88},[74,111981,8965],{"class":106},[74,111983,111984],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,111985,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,111987,111988,111990,111992,111995,111997,111999,112001,112004],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,111989,383],{"class":80},[74,111991,85],{"class":84},[74,111993,111994],{"class":80}," fruits1",[74,111996,114],{"class":106},[74,111998,110907],{"class":110},[74,112000,107],{"class":106},[74,112002,112003],{"class":110},"fruits2",[74,112005,260],{"class":106},[74,112007,112008],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,112009,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,112011,112012,112014,112016,112018],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,112013,103],{"class":102},[74,112015,107],{"class":106},[74,112017,418],{"class":110},[74,112019,260],{"class":106},[74,112021,112022,112024,112026,112029],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,112023,103],{"class":102},[74,112025,107],{"class":106},[74,112027,112028],{"class":110},"fruits1",[74,112030,260],{"class":106},[20,112032,29685],{},[65,112034,112036],{"className":67,"code":112035,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple', 'grape'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n",[15,112037,112038,112074],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,112039,112040,112042,112044,112046,112048,112050,112052,112054,112056,112058,112060,112062,112064,112066,112068,112070,112072],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,112041,8934],{"class":106},[74,112043,2946],{"class":88},[74,112045,93],{"class":92},[74,112047,2946],{"class":88},[74,112049,249],{"class":106},[74,112051,2941],{"class":88},[74,112053,32878],{"class":92},[74,112055,2946],{"class":88},[74,112057,249],{"class":106},[74,112059,2941],{"class":88},[74,112061,376],{"class":92},[74,112063,2946],{"class":88},[74,112065,249],{"class":106},[74,112067,2941],{"class":88},[74,112069,22189],{"class":92},[74,112071,2946],{"class":88},[74,112073,8965],{"class":106},[74,112075,112076,112078,112080,112082,112084,112086,112088,112090,112092,112094,112096,112098,112100],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,112077,8934],{"class":106},[74,112079,2946],{"class":88},[74,112081,93],{"class":92},[74,112083,2946],{"class":88},[74,112085,249],{"class":106},[74,112087,2941],{"class":88},[74,112089,32878],{"class":92},[74,112091,2946],{"class":88},[74,112093,249],{"class":106},[74,112095,2941],{"class":88},[74,112097,376],{"class":92},[74,112099,2946],{"class":88},[74,112101,8965],{"class":106},[20,112103,112104],{},"What this shows:",[30,112106,112107,112114,112117],{},[33,112108,112109,51,112111,112113],{},[15,112110,219],{},[15,112112,65343],{}," appear in both sets",[33,112115,112116],{},"they appear only once in the result",[33,112118,112119,112121],{},[15,112120,112028],{}," stays unchanged",[60,112123,571,112125,100797],{"id":112124},"using-union-with-multiple-sets",[15,112126,102437],{},[20,112128,112129],{},"You can combine three or more sets in one call.",[65,112131,112133],{"className":67,"code":112132,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"set1 = {1, 2}\nset2 = {2, 3}\nset3 = {3, 4}\nset4 = {4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2, set3, set4)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,112134,112135,112151,112167,112184,112201,112205,112232,112236],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,112136,112137,112139,112141,112143,112145,112147,112149],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,112138,110339],{"class":80},[74,112140,85],{"class":84},[74,112142,10148],{"class":106},[74,112144,2632],{"class":167},[74,112146,249],{"class":106},[74,112148,620],{"class":167},[74,112150,8965],{"class":106},[74,112152,112153,112155,112157,112159,112161,112163,112165],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,112154,110360],{"class":80},[74,112156,85],{"class":84},[74,112158,10148],{"class":106},[74,112160,687],{"class":167},[74,112162,249],{"class":106},[74,112164,2094],{"class":167},[74,112166,8965],{"class":106},[74,112168,112169,112172,112174,112176,112178,112180,112182],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,112170,112171],{"class":80},"set3 ",[74,112173,85],{"class":84},[74,112175,10148],{"class":106},[74,112177,321],{"class":167},[74,112179,249],{"class":106},[74,112181,2100],{"class":167},[74,112183,8965],{"class":106},[74,112185,112186,112189,112191,112193,112195,112197,112199],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,112187,112188],{"class":80},"set4 ",[74,112190,85],{"class":84},[74,112192,10148],{"class":106},[74,112194,2148],{"class":167},[74,112196,249],{"class":106},[74,112198,651],{"class":167},[74,112200,8965],{"class":106},[74,112202,112203],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,112204,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,112206,112207,112209,112211,112213,112215,112217,112219,112221,112223,112225,112227,112230],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,112208,383],{"class":80},[74,112210,85],{"class":84},[74,112212,110389],{"class":80},[74,112214,114],{"class":106},[74,112216,110907],{"class":110},[74,112218,107],{"class":106},[74,112220,100233],{"class":110},[74,112222,249],{"class":106},[74,112224,100260],{"class":110},[74,112226,249],{"class":106},[74,112228,112229],{"class":110}," set4",[74,112231,260],{"class":106},[74,112233,112234],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,112235,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,112237,112238,112240,112242,112244],{"class":76,"line":6079},[74,112239,103],{"class":102},[74,112241,107],{"class":106},[74,112243,418],{"class":110},[74,112245,260],{"class":106},[20,112247,29685],{},[65,112249,112251],{"className":67,"code":112250,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,112252,112253],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,112254,112255,112257,112259,112261,112263,112265,112267,112269,112271,112273,112275],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,112256,8934],{"class":106},[74,112258,2632],{"class":167},[74,112260,249],{"class":106},[74,112262,620],{"class":167},[74,112264,249],{"class":106},[74,112266,2094],{"class":167},[74,112268,249],{"class":106},[74,112270,2100],{"class":167},[74,112272,249],{"class":106},[74,112274,651],{"class":167},[74,112276,8965],{"class":106},[20,112278,112279],{},"This is useful when collecting unique values from many sources.",[60,112281,571,112283,112285],{"id":112282},"using-union-with-other-iterables",[15,112284,102437],{}," with other iterables",[20,112287,112288,112290],{},[15,112289,102437],{}," does not only work with sets. It also accepts other iterables such as lists and tuples.",[262,112292,112294],{"id":112293},"with-a-list","With a list",[65,112296,112298],{"className":67,"code":112297,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nmore_numbers = [3, 4, 5, 5]\n\nresult = numbers.union(more_numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112299,112300,112320,112344,112348,112366],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,112301,112302,112304,112306,112308,112310,112312,112314,112316,112318],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,112303,3266],{"class":80},[74,112305,85],{"class":84},[74,112307,10148],{"class":106},[74,112309,2632],{"class":167},[74,112311,249],{"class":106},[74,112313,620],{"class":167},[74,112315,249],{"class":106},[74,112317,2094],{"class":167},[74,112319,8965],{"class":106},[74,112321,112322,112324,112326,112328,112330,112332,112334,112336,112338,112340,112342],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,112323,60695],{"class":80},[74,112325,85],{"class":84},[74,112327,3271],{"class":106},[74,112329,321],{"class":167},[74,112331,249],{"class":106},[74,112333,2100],{"class":167},[74,112335,249],{"class":106},[74,112337,651],{"class":167},[74,112339,249],{"class":106},[74,112341,651],{"class":167},[74,112343,3284],{"class":106},[74,112345,112346],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,112347,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,112349,112350,112352,112354,112356,112358,112360,112362,112364],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,112351,383],{"class":80},[74,112353,85],{"class":84},[74,112355,3914],{"class":80},[74,112357,114],{"class":106},[74,112359,110907],{"class":110},[74,112361,107],{"class":106},[74,112363,60724],{"class":110},[74,112365,260],{"class":106},[74,112367,112368,112370,112372,112374],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,112369,103],{"class":102},[74,112371,107],{"class":106},[74,112373,418],{"class":110},[74,112375,260],{"class":106},[20,112377,29685],{},[65,112379,112380],{"className":67,"code":112250,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,112381,112382],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,112383,112384,112386,112388,112390,112392,112394,112396,112398,112400,112402,112404],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,112385,8934],{"class":106},[74,112387,2632],{"class":167},[74,112389,249],{"class":106},[74,112391,620],{"class":167},[74,112393,249],{"class":106},[74,112395,2094],{"class":167},[74,112397,249],{"class":106},[74,112399,2100],{"class":167},[74,112401,249],{"class":106},[74,112403,651],{"class":167},[74,112405,8965],{"class":106},[20,112407,20633,112408,112410],{},[15,112409,711],{}," appears twice in the list, it appears only once in the result.",[262,112412,112414],{"id":112413},"with-a-tuple","With a tuple",[65,112416,112418],{"className":67,"code":112417,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nmore_letters = (\"b\", \"c\", \"d\")\n\nresult = letters.union(more_letters)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112419,112420,112444,112477,112481,112500],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,112421,112422,112424,112426,112428,112430,112432,112434,112436,112438,112440,112442],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,112423,35746],{"class":80},[74,112425,85],{"class":84},[74,112427,10148],{"class":106},[74,112429,122],{"class":88},[74,112431,125],{"class":92},[74,112433,122],{"class":88},[74,112435,249],{"class":106},[74,112437,89],{"class":88},[74,112439,4412],{"class":92},[74,112441,122],{"class":88},[74,112443,8965],{"class":106},[74,112445,112446,112449,112451,112453,112455,112457,112459,112461,112463,112465,112467,112469,112471,112473,112475],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,112447,112448],{"class":80},"more_letters ",[74,112450,85],{"class":84},[74,112452,8892],{"class":106},[74,112454,122],{"class":88},[74,112456,4412],{"class":92},[74,112458,122],{"class":88},[74,112460,249],{"class":106},[74,112462,89],{"class":88},[74,112464,9396],{"class":92},[74,112466,122],{"class":88},[74,112468,249],{"class":106},[74,112470,89],{"class":88},[74,112472,18422],{"class":92},[74,112474,122],{"class":88},[74,112476,260],{"class":106},[74,112478,112479],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,112480,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,112482,112483,112485,112487,112489,112491,112493,112495,112498],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,112484,383],{"class":80},[74,112486,85],{"class":84},[74,112488,69737],{"class":80},[74,112490,114],{"class":106},[74,112492,110907],{"class":110},[74,112494,107],{"class":106},[74,112496,112497],{"class":110},"more_letters",[74,112499,260],{"class":106},[74,112501,112502,112504,112506,112508],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,112503,103],{"class":102},[74,112505,107],{"class":106},[74,112507,418],{"class":110},[74,112509,260],{"class":106},[20,112511,29685],{},[65,112513,112515],{"className":67,"code":112514,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'}\n",[15,112516,112517],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,112518,112519,112521,112523,112525,112527,112529,112531,112533,112535,112537,112539,112541,112543,112545,112547,112549,112551],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,112520,8934],{"class":106},[74,112522,2946],{"class":88},[74,112524,125],{"class":92},[74,112526,2946],{"class":88},[74,112528,249],{"class":106},[74,112530,2941],{"class":88},[74,112532,4412],{"class":92},[74,112534,2946],{"class":88},[74,112536,249],{"class":106},[74,112538,2941],{"class":88},[74,112540,9396],{"class":92},[74,112542,2946],{"class":88},[74,112544,249],{"class":106},[74,112546,2941],{"class":88},[74,112548,18422],{"class":92},[74,112550,2946],{"class":88},[74,112552,8965],{"class":106},[262,112554,112556],{"id":112555},"with-a-string","With a string",[20,112558,112559],{},"A string is treated as an iterable of individual characters.",[65,112561,112563],{"className":67,"code":112562,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"chars = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nresult = chars.union(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,112564,112565,112590,112613,112617],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,112566,112567,112570,112572,112574,112576,112578,112580,112582,112584,112586,112588],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,112568,112569],{"class":80},"chars ",[74,112571,85],{"class":84},[74,112573,10148],{"class":106},[74,112575,122],{"class":88},[74,112577,125],{"class":92},[74,112579,122],{"class":88},[74,112581,249],{"class":106},[74,112583,89],{"class":88},[74,112585,4412],{"class":92},[74,112587,122],{"class":88},[74,112589,8965],{"class":106},[74,112591,112592,112594,112596,112599,112601,112603,112605,112607,112609,112611],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,112593,383],{"class":80},[74,112595,85],{"class":84},[74,112597,112598],{"class":80}," chars",[74,112600,114],{"class":106},[74,112602,110907],{"class":110},[74,112604,107],{"class":106},[74,112606,122],{"class":88},[74,112608,486],{"class":92},[74,112610,122],{"class":88},[74,112612,260],{"class":106},[74,112614,112615],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,112616,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,112618,112619,112621,112623,112625],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,112620,103],{"class":102},[74,112622,107],{"class":106},[74,112624,418],{"class":110},[74,112626,260],{"class":106},[20,112628,29685],{},[65,112630,112632],{"className":67,"code":112631,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 't'}\n",[15,112633,112634],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,112635,112636,112638,112640,112642,112644,112646,112648,112650,112652,112654,112656,112658,112660,112662,112664,112666,112668],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,112637,8934],{"class":106},[74,112639,2946],{"class":88},[74,112641,125],{"class":92},[74,112643,2946],{"class":88},[74,112645,249],{"class":106},[74,112647,2941],{"class":88},[74,112649,4412],{"class":92},[74,112651,2946],{"class":88},[74,112653,249],{"class":106},[74,112655,2941],{"class":88},[74,112657,9396],{"class":92},[74,112659,2946],{"class":88},[74,112661,249],{"class":106},[74,112663,2941],{"class":88},[74,112665,62934],{"class":92},[74,112667,2946],{"class":88},[74,112669,8965],{"class":106},[20,112671,21845,112672,112675],{},[15,112673,112674],{},"\"cat\""," is processed as:",[30,112677,112678,112682,112686],{},[33,112679,112680],{},[15,112681,66122],{},[33,112683,112684],{},[15,112685,215],{},[33,112687,112688],{},[15,112689,112690],{},"\"t\"",[60,112692,112694,10243,112696],{"id":112693},"union-vs-update",[15,112695,102437],{},[15,112697,14611],{},[20,112699,112700,51,112702,112704],{},[15,112701,102437],{},[15,112703,14611],{}," are similar, but they behave differently.",[262,112706,112707],{"id":110907},[15,112708,102437],{},[30,112710,112711,112713],{},[33,112712,110269],{},[33,112714,110278],{},[65,112716,112717],{"className":67,"code":111802,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,112718,112719,112735,112751,112755,112773,112777,112789],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,112720,112721,112723,112725,112727,112729,112731,112733],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,112722,2198],{"class":80},[74,112724,85],{"class":84},[74,112726,10148],{"class":106},[74,112728,2632],{"class":167},[74,112730,249],{"class":106},[74,112732,620],{"class":167},[74,112734,8965],{"class":106},[74,112736,112737,112739,112741,112743,112745,112747,112749],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,112738,2226],{"class":80},[74,112740,85],{"class":84},[74,112742,10148],{"class":106},[74,112744,687],{"class":167},[74,112746,249],{"class":106},[74,112748,2094],{"class":167},[74,112750,8965],{"class":106},[74,112752,112753],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,112754,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,112756,112757,112759,112761,112763,112765,112767,112769,112771],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,112758,383],{"class":80},[74,112760,85],{"class":84},[74,112762,56540],{"class":80},[74,112764,114],{"class":106},[74,112766,110907],{"class":110},[74,112768,107],{"class":106},[74,112770,4412],{"class":110},[74,112772,260],{"class":106},[74,112774,112775],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,112776,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,112778,112779,112781,112783,112785,112787],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,112780,103],{"class":102},[74,112782,107],{"class":106},[74,112784,418],{"class":110},[74,112786,3311],{"class":106},[74,112788,111875],{"class":3314},[74,112790,112791,112793,112795,112797,112799],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,112792,103],{"class":102},[74,112794,107],{"class":106},[74,112796,125],{"class":110},[74,112798,3311],{"class":106},[74,112800,111888],{"class":3314},[262,112802,112803],{"id":30120},[15,112804,14611],{},[30,112806,112807,112810],{},[33,112808,112809],{},"changes the existing set in place",[33,112811,112812],{},"does not create a separate result set",[65,112814,112816],{"className":67,"code":112815,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\n\nprint(a)  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,112817,112818,112834,112850,112854,112868,112872],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,112819,112820,112822,112824,112826,112828,112830,112832],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,112821,2198],{"class":80},[74,112823,85],{"class":84},[74,112825,10148],{"class":106},[74,112827,2632],{"class":167},[74,112829,249],{"class":106},[74,112831,620],{"class":167},[74,112833,8965],{"class":106},[74,112835,112836,112838,112840,112842,112844,112846,112848],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,112837,2226],{"class":80},[74,112839,85],{"class":84},[74,112841,10148],{"class":106},[74,112843,687],{"class":167},[74,112845,249],{"class":106},[74,112847,2094],{"class":167},[74,112849,8965],{"class":106},[74,112851,112852],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,112853,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,112855,112856,112858,112860,112862,112864,112866],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,112857,125],{"class":80},[74,112859,114],{"class":106},[74,112861,30120],{"class":110},[74,112863,107],{"class":106},[74,112865,4412],{"class":110},[74,112867,260],{"class":106},[74,112869,112870],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,112871,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,112873,112874,112876,112878,112880,112882],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,112875,103],{"class":102},[74,112877,107],{"class":106},[74,112879,125],{"class":110},[74,112881,3311],{"class":106},[74,112883,111875],{"class":3314},[20,112885,176,112886,112888],{},[15,112887,102437],{}," when you want to keep the original set unchanged.",[20,112890,112891,112892,114],{},"For the in-place version, see ",[125,112893,3223,112894,10399],{"href":98158},[15,112895,96953],{},[60,112897,4170],{"id":4169},[262,112899,923,112901,112903],{"id":112900},"expecting-union-to-change-the-original-set",[15,112902,102437],{}," to change the original set",[20,112905,81464],{},[65,112907,112909],{"className":67,"code":112908,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,112910,112911,112927,112943,112947,112961],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,112912,112913,112915,112917,112919,112921,112923,112925],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,112914,2198],{"class":80},[74,112916,85],{"class":84},[74,112918,10148],{"class":106},[74,112920,2632],{"class":167},[74,112922,249],{"class":106},[74,112924,620],{"class":167},[74,112926,8965],{"class":106},[74,112928,112929,112931,112933,112935,112937,112939,112941],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,112930,2226],{"class":80},[74,112932,85],{"class":84},[74,112934,10148],{"class":106},[74,112936,687],{"class":167},[74,112938,249],{"class":106},[74,112940,2094],{"class":167},[74,112942,8965],{"class":106},[74,112944,112945],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,112946,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,112948,112949,112951,112953,112955,112957,112959],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,112950,125],{"class":80},[74,112952,114],{"class":106},[74,112954,110907],{"class":110},[74,112956,107],{"class":106},[74,112958,4412],{"class":110},[74,112960,260],{"class":106},[74,112962,112963,112965,112967,112969],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,112964,103],{"class":102},[74,112966,107],{"class":106},[74,112968,125],{"class":110},[74,112970,260],{"class":106},[20,112972,157],{},[65,112974,112975],{"className":67,"code":100146,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,112976,112977],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,112978,112979,112981,112983,112985,112987],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,112980,8934],{"class":106},[74,112982,2632],{"class":167},[74,112984,249],{"class":106},[74,112986,620],{"class":167},[74,112988,8965],{"class":106},[20,112990,8153,112991,112993],{},[15,112992,102437],{}," returned a new set, but you did not save it.",[20,112995,112996],{},"Fix it like this:",[65,112998,113000],{"className":67,"code":112999,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na = a.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,113001,113002,113018,113034,113038,113056],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,113003,113004,113006,113008,113010,113012,113014,113016],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,113005,2198],{"class":80},[74,113007,85],{"class":84},[74,113009,10148],{"class":106},[74,113011,2632],{"class":167},[74,113013,249],{"class":106},[74,113015,620],{"class":167},[74,113017,8965],{"class":106},[74,113019,113020,113022,113024,113026,113028,113030,113032],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,113021,2226],{"class":80},[74,113023,85],{"class":84},[74,113025,10148],{"class":106},[74,113027,687],{"class":167},[74,113029,249],{"class":106},[74,113031,2094],{"class":167},[74,113033,8965],{"class":106},[74,113035,113036],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,113037,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,113039,113040,113042,113044,113046,113048,113050,113052,113054],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,113041,2198],{"class":80},[74,113043,85],{"class":84},[74,113045,56540],{"class":80},[74,113047,114],{"class":106},[74,113049,110907],{"class":110},[74,113051,107],{"class":106},[74,113053,4412],{"class":110},[74,113055,260],{"class":106},[74,113057,113058,113060,113062,113064],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,113059,103],{"class":102},[74,113061,107],{"class":106},[74,113063,125],{"class":110},[74,113065,260],{"class":106},[262,113067,113069],{"id":113068},"assuming-the-result-keeps-insertion-order","Assuming the result keeps insertion order",[20,113071,113072],{},"Sets are unordered. Do not rely on the printed order.",[65,113074,113076],{"className":67,"code":113075,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"a = {3, 1}\nb = {2, 4}\n\nprint(a.union(b))\n",[15,113077,113078,113094,113110,113114],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,113079,113080,113082,113084,113086,113088,113090,113092],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,113081,2198],{"class":80},[74,113083,85],{"class":84},[74,113085,10148],{"class":106},[74,113087,321],{"class":167},[74,113089,249],{"class":106},[74,113091,5148],{"class":167},[74,113093,8965],{"class":106},[74,113095,113096,113098,113100,113102,113104,113106,113108],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,113097,2226],{"class":80},[74,113099,85],{"class":84},[74,113101,10148],{"class":106},[74,113103,687],{"class":167},[74,113105,249],{"class":106},[74,113107,2100],{"class":167},[74,113109,8965],{"class":106},[74,113111,113112],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,113113,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,113115,113116,113118,113120,113122,113124,113126,113128,113130],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,113117,103],{"class":102},[74,113119,107],{"class":106},[74,113121,125],{"class":110},[74,113123,114],{"class":106},[74,113125,110907],{"class":110},[74,113127,107],{"class":106},[74,113129,4412],{"class":110},[74,113131,130],{"class":106},[20,113133,113134],{},"The values may not appear in the order you expect.",[262,113136,113138],{"id":113137},"passing-a-string-and-forgetting-it-becomes-characters","Passing a string and forgetting it becomes characters",[65,113140,113142],{"className":67,"code":113141,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union(\"cat\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,113143,113144,113160,113182],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,113145,113146,113148,113150,113152,113154,113156,113158],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,113147,3722],{"class":80},[74,113149,85],{"class":84},[74,113151,10148],{"class":106},[74,113153,122],{"class":88},[74,113155,57778],{"class":92},[74,113157,122],{"class":88},[74,113159,8965],{"class":106},[74,113161,113162,113164,113166,113168,113170,113172,113174,113176,113178,113180],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,113163,383],{"class":80},[74,113165,85],{"class":84},[74,113167,5820],{"class":80},[74,113169,114],{"class":106},[74,113171,110907],{"class":110},[74,113173,107],{"class":106},[74,113175,122],{"class":88},[74,113177,486],{"class":92},[74,113179,122],{"class":88},[74,113181,260],{"class":106},[74,113183,113184,113186,113188,113190],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,113185,103],{"class":102},[74,113187,107],{"class":106},[74,113189,418],{"class":110},[74,113191,260],{"class":106},[20,113193,113194,113195,220,113197,16730,113199,113201,113202,113204],{},"This adds ",[15,113196,66122],{},[15,113198,215],{},[15,113200,112690],{}," as separate items, not ",[15,113203,112674],{}," as one item.",[20,113206,113207],{},"If you want the whole string as one item, put it inside another iterable:",[65,113209,113211],{"className":67,"code":113210,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union([\"cat\"])\nprint(result)\n",[15,113212,113213,113229,113251],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,113214,113215,113217,113219,113221,113223,113225,113227],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,113216,3722],{"class":80},[74,113218,85],{"class":84},[74,113220,10148],{"class":106},[74,113222,122],{"class":88},[74,113224,57778],{"class":92},[74,113226,122],{"class":88},[74,113228,8965],{"class":106},[74,113230,113231,113233,113235,113237,113239,113241,113243,113245,113247,113249],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,113232,383],{"class":80},[74,113234,85],{"class":84},[74,113236,5820],{"class":80},[74,113238,114],{"class":106},[74,113240,110907],{"class":110},[74,113242,2629],{"class":106},[74,113244,122],{"class":88},[74,113246,486],{"class":92},[74,113248,122],{"class":88},[74,113250,751],{"class":106},[74,113252,113253,113255,113257,113259],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,113254,103],{"class":102},[74,113256,107],{"class":106},[74,113258,418],{"class":110},[74,113260,260],{"class":106},[262,113262,113264],{"id":113263},"trying-to-use-unhashable-values-like-lists-inside-a-set","Trying to use unhashable values like lists inside a set",[20,113266,2480],{},[65,113268,113270],{"className":67,"code":113269,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"my_set = {1, 2, [3, 4]}\n",[15,113271,113272],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,113273,113274,113276,113278,113280,113282,113284,113286,113288,113290,113292,113294,113296],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,113275,15286],{"class":80},[74,113277,85],{"class":84},[74,113279,10148],{"class":106},[74,113281,2632],{"class":167},[74,113283,249],{"class":106},[74,113285,620],{"class":167},[74,113287,249],{"class":106},[74,113289,3271],{"class":106},[74,113291,321],{"class":167},[74,113293,249],{"class":106},[74,113295,2100],{"class":167},[74,113297,13363],{"class":106},[20,113299,113300],{},"Lists cannot be set items because they are mutable and unhashable.",[20,113302,113303,113304,679],{},"But a list can be used as an argument to ",[15,113305,102437],{},[65,113307,113309],{"className":67,"code":113308,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.union([3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,113310,113311,113327,113349],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,113312,113313,113315,113317,113319,113321,113323,113325],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,113314,15286],{"class":80},[74,113316,85],{"class":84},[74,113318,10148],{"class":106},[74,113320,2632],{"class":167},[74,113322,249],{"class":106},[74,113324,620],{"class":167},[74,113326,8965],{"class":106},[74,113328,113329,113331,113333,113335,113337,113339,113341,113343,113345,113347],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,113330,383],{"class":80},[74,113332,85],{"class":84},[74,113334,96563],{"class":80},[74,113336,114],{"class":106},[74,113338,110907],{"class":110},[74,113340,2629],{"class":106},[74,113342,321],{"class":167},[74,113344,249],{"class":106},[74,113346,2100],{"class":167},[74,113348,751],{"class":106},[74,113350,113351,113353,113355,113357],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,113352,103],{"class":102},[74,113354,107],{"class":106},[74,113356,418],{"class":110},[74,113358,260],{"class":106},[60,113360,113362],{"id":113361},"common-causes-of-confusion","Common causes of confusion",[20,113364,113365],{},"Beginners often run into problems because they:",[30,113367,113368,113374,113381,113384],{},[33,113369,113370,113371,113373],{},"call ",[15,113372,102437],{}," without saving the returned set",[33,113375,113376,113377,1126,113379],{},"confuse ",[15,113378,102437],{},[15,113380,14611],{},[33,113382,113383],{},"expect duplicates to remain in the result",[33,113385,113386],{},"use a list as a set item instead of as an iterable argument",[20,113388,113389,113390,51,113394,114],{},"If you need a different set operation, compare this method with ",[125,113391,3223,113392,10399],{"href":102426},[15,113393,106211],{},[125,113395,3223,113397,10399],{"href":113396},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method\u002F",[15,113398,100058],{},[20,113400,61942],{},[65,113402,113404],{"className":67,"code":113403,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(result)\nhelp(set.union)\n",[15,113405,113406,113416,113430,113440],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,113407,113408,113410,113412,113414],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,113409,103],{"class":102},[74,113411,107],{"class":106},[74,113413,15324],{"class":110},[74,113415,260],{"class":106},[74,113417,113418,113420,113422,113424,113426,113428],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,113419,103],{"class":102},[74,113421,107],{"class":106},[74,113423,1346],{"class":1345},[74,113425,107],{"class":106},[74,113427,15324],{"class":110},[74,113429,130],{"class":106},[74,113431,113432,113434,113436,113438],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,113433,103],{"class":102},[74,113435,107],{"class":106},[74,113437,418],{"class":110},[74,113439,260],{"class":106},[74,113441,113442,113444,113446,113448,113450,113452],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,113443,31809],{"class":102},[74,113445,107],{"class":106},[74,113447,5939],{"class":1345},[74,113449,114],{"class":106},[74,113451,110907],{"class":24406},[74,113453,260],{"class":106},[60,113455,1471],{"id":1470},[262,113457,1517,113459,102377],{"id":113458},"does-setunion-change-the-original-set",[15,113460,107681],{},[20,113462,102380],{},[262,113464,1507,113466,113468],{"id":113465},"can-union-combine-more-than-two-sets",[15,113467,102437],{}," combine more than two sets?",[20,113470,113471],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables in one call.",[262,113473,27983,113475,113477],{"id":113474},"can-i-use-union-with-a-list-or-tuple",[15,113476,102437],{}," with a list or tuple?",[20,113479,41807,113480,113482],{},[15,113481,102437],{}," accepts other iterables, not just sets.",[262,113484,113486],{"id":113485},"why-is-the-output-order-different-from-my-input","Why is the output order different from my input?",[20,113488,113489],{},"Sets are unordered, so their printed order is not guaranteed.",[262,113491,4828,113493,51,113495,2135],{"id":113492},"what-is-the-difference-between-union-and",[15,113494,102437],{},[15,113496,113497],{},"|",[20,113499,113500,113501,113503,113504,113506],{},"They both combine sets. The ",[15,113502,113497],{}," operator is shorter, but ",[15,113505,102437],{}," can be clearer for beginners.",[60,113508,1527],{"id":1526},[30,113510,113511,113515,113521,113527,113533],{},[33,113512,113513],{},[125,113514,95967],{"href":97138},[33,113516,113517],{},[125,113518,3223,113519,10399],{"href":98158},[15,113520,96953],{},[33,113522,113523],{},[125,113524,3223,113525,10399],{"href":102426},[15,113526,106211],{},[33,113528,113529],{},[125,113530,3223,113531,10399],{"href":113396},[15,113532,100058],{},[33,113534,113535],{},[125,113536,99983],{"href":98716},[1566,113538,113539],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":70,"searchDepth":99,"depth":99,"links":113541},[113542,113543,113545,113546,113547,113548,113550,113556,113561,113568,113569,113580],{"id":62,"depth":99,"text":63},{"id":111637,"depth":99,"text":113544},"What set.union() does",{"id":226,"depth":99,"text":227},{"id":21625,"depth":99,"text":21626},{"id":356,"depth":99,"text":357},{"id":112124,"depth":99,"text":113549},"Using union() with multiple sets",{"id":112282,"depth":99,"text":113551,"children":113552},"Using union() with other iterables",[113553,113554,113555],{"id":112293,"depth":133,"text":112294},{"id":112413,"depth":133,"text":112414},{"id":112555,"depth":133,"text":112556},{"id":112693,"depth":99,"text":113557,"children":113558},"union() vs update()",[113559,113560],{"id":110907,"depth":133,"text":102437},{"id":30120,"depth":133,"text":14611},{"id":4169,"depth":99,"text":4170,"children":113562},[113563,113565,113566,113567],{"id":112900,"depth":133,"text":113564},"Expecting union() to change the original set",{"id":113068,"depth":133,"text":113069},{"id":113137,"depth":133,"text":113138},{"id":113263,"depth":133,"text":113264},{"id":113361,"depth":99,"text":113362},{"id":1470,"depth":99,"text":1471,"children":113570},[113571,113573,113575,113577,113578],{"id":113458,"depth":133,"text":113572},"Does set.union() change the original set?",{"id":113465,"depth":133,"text":113574},"Can union() combine more than two sets?",{"id":113474,"depth":133,"text":113576},"Can I use union() with a list or tuple?",{"id":113485,"depth":133,"text":113486},{"id":113492,"depth":133,"text":113579},"What is the difference between union() and |?",{"id":1526,"depth":99,"text":1527},"Master python set union method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":111517,"description":113581},"reference\u002Fpython-set-union-method","D6cPAK59nZf4j4OQgu4vv6gSQXcaH0E3a84fD3g94Kw",{"id":113587,"title":113588,"body":113589,"description":115478,"extension":1610,"meta":115479,"navigation":407,"path":96452,"seo":115480,"stem":115481,"__hash__":115482},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method.md","Python Set update() Method",{"type":7,"value":113590,"toc":115444},[113591,113596,113601,113609,113611,113669,113674,113679,113683,113695,113698,113772,113777,113779,113781,113800,113802,113819,113822,113849,113851,113921,113925,113927,113933,113935,113996,114001,114003,114060,114064,114069,114134,114136,114156,114163,114167,114172,114257,114260,114267,114370,114374,114379,114437,114440,114451,114465,114472,114530,114537,114540,114550,114554,114612,114616,114682,114685,114743,114750,114757,114760,114764,114773,114842,114846,114852,114940,114950,114954,114958,114962,114965,115026,115031,115088,115092,115094,115129,115136,115138,115192,115199,115203,115206,115271,115280,115286,115343,115345,115350,115354,115358,115361,115368,115376,115380,115385,115389,115395,115397,115432,115441],[10,113592,95839,113594,18],{"id":113593},"python-set-update-method",[15,113595,14611],{},[20,113597,113598,113600],{},[15,113599,96953],{}," adds multiple items from another iterable into an existing set.",[20,113602,113603,113604,113608],{},"Use it when you want to change a set in place with values from a list, tuple, set, string, or another iterable. It is different from ",[125,113605,113606],{"href":98139},[15,113607,95847],{},", which adds only one item.",[60,113610,3256],{"id":3255},[65,113612,113614],{"className":67,"code":113613,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,113615,113616,113632,113654,113664],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,113617,113618,113620,113622,113624,113626,113628,113630],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,113619,3266],{"class":80},[74,113621,85],{"class":84},[74,113623,10148],{"class":106},[74,113625,2632],{"class":167},[74,113627,249],{"class":106},[74,113629,620],{"class":167},[74,113631,8965],{"class":106},[74,113633,113634,113636,113638,113640,113642,113644,113646,113648,113650,113652],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,113635,3298],{"class":80},[74,113637,114],{"class":106},[74,113639,30120],{"class":110},[74,113641,2629],{"class":106},[74,113643,687],{"class":167},[74,113645,249],{"class":106},[74,113647,2094],{"class":167},[74,113649,249],{"class":106},[74,113651,2100],{"class":167},[74,113653,751],{"class":106},[74,113655,113656,113658,113660,113662],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,113657,103],{"class":102},[74,113659,107],{"class":106},[74,113661,3298],{"class":110},[74,113663,260],{"class":106},[74,113665,113666],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,113667,113668],{"class":3314},"# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[20,113670,176,113671,113673],{},[15,113672,14611],{}," to add multiple items from a list, tuple, set, or other iterable into an existing set.",[60,113675,3328,113677,38],{"id":113676},"what-setupdate-does",[15,113678,96953],{},[20,113680,113681,679],{},[15,113682,96953],{},[30,113684,113685,113688,113690,113693],{},[33,113686,113687],{},"Adds items from another iterable into the current set",[33,113689,95954],{},[33,113691,113692],{},"Ignores duplicate values automatically",[33,113694,95957],{},[20,113696,113697],{},"This means the set itself is modified.",[65,113699,113701],{"className":67,"code":113700,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.update([\"blue\", \"green\"])\n\nprint(colors)\n# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,113702,113703,113727,113753,113757,113767],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,113704,113705,113707,113709,113711,113713,113715,113717,113719,113721,113723,113725],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,113706,12732],{"class":80},[74,113708,85],{"class":84},[74,113710,10148],{"class":106},[74,113712,122],{"class":88},[74,113714,12749],{"class":92},[74,113716,122],{"class":88},[74,113718,249],{"class":106},[74,113720,89],{"class":88},[74,113722,12766],{"class":92},[74,113724,122],{"class":88},[74,113726,8965],{"class":106},[74,113728,113729,113731,113733,113735,113737,113739,113741,113743,113745,113747,113749,113751],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,113730,17157],{"class":80},[74,113732,114],{"class":106},[74,113734,30120],{"class":110},[74,113736,2629],{"class":106},[74,113738,122],{"class":88},[74,113740,12766],{"class":92},[74,113742,122],{"class":88},[74,113744,249],{"class":106},[74,113746,89],{"class":88},[74,113748,17110],{"class":92},[74,113750,122],{"class":88},[74,113752,751],{"class":106},[74,113754,113755],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,113756,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,113758,113759,113761,113763,113765],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,113760,103],{"class":102},[74,113762,107],{"class":106},[74,113764,17157],{"class":110},[74,113766,260],{"class":106},[74,113768,113769],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,113770,113771],{"class":3314},"# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[20,113773,20633,113774,113776],{},[15,113775,110672],{}," was added again, it appears only once because sets store unique values.",[60,113778,227],{"id":226},[20,113780,6872],{},[65,113782,113784],{"className":67,"code":113783,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"my_set.update(iterable)\n",[15,113785,113786],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,113787,113788,113790,113792,113794,113796,113798],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,113789,15324],{"class":80},[74,113791,114],{"class":106},[74,113793,30120],{"class":110},[74,113795,107],{"class":106},[74,113797,3371],{"class":110},[74,113799,260],{"class":106},[20,113801,79840],{},[30,113803,113804,113807,113810,113813,113816],{},[33,113805,113806],{},"A list",[33,113808,113809],{},"A tuple",[33,113811,113812],{},"Another set",[33,113814,113815],{},"A string",[33,113817,113818],{},"Any other iterable",[20,113820,113821],{},"You can also pass multiple iterables at once:",[65,113823,113825],{"className":67,"code":113824,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"my_set.update(a, b, c)\n",[15,113826,113827],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,113828,113829,113831,113833,113835,113837,113839,113841,113843,113845,113847],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,113830,15324],{"class":80},[74,113832,114],{"class":106},[74,113834,30120],{"class":110},[74,113836,107],{"class":106},[74,113838,125],{"class":110},[74,113840,249],{"class":106},[74,113842,2203],{"class":110},[74,113844,249],{"class":106},[74,113846,9338],{"class":110},[74,113848,260],{"class":106},[20,113850,506],{},[65,113852,113854],{"className":67,"code":113853,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"values = {1}\nvalues.update([2, 3], (4, 5), {6})\n\nprint(values)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[15,113855,113856,113868,113902,113906,113916],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,113857,113858,113860,113862,113864,113866],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,113859,3474],{"class":80},[74,113861,85],{"class":84},[74,113863,10148],{"class":106},[74,113865,2632],{"class":167},[74,113867,8965],{"class":106},[74,113869,113870,113872,113874,113876,113878,113880,113882,113884,113886,113888,113890,113892,113894,113896,113898,113900],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,113871,5008],{"class":80},[74,113873,114],{"class":106},[74,113875,30120],{"class":110},[74,113877,2629],{"class":106},[74,113879,687],{"class":167},[74,113881,249],{"class":106},[74,113883,2094],{"class":167},[74,113885,17717],{"class":106},[74,113887,8892],{"class":106},[74,113889,2148],{"class":167},[74,113891,249],{"class":106},[74,113893,651],{"class":167},[74,113895,8889],{"class":106},[74,113897,10148],{"class":106},[74,113899,80231],{"class":167},[74,113901,30152],{"class":106},[74,113903,113904],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,113905,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,113907,113908,113910,113912,113914],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,113909,103],{"class":102},[74,113911,107],{"class":106},[74,113913,5008],{"class":110},[74,113915,260],{"class":106},[74,113917,113918],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,113919,113920],{"class":3314},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[20,113922,95963,113923,114],{},[125,113924,95971],{"href":97522},[60,113926,21626],{"id":21625},[20,113928,113929,2039,113931,114],{},[15,113930,96953],{},[15,113932,3429],{},[20,113934,11372],{},[65,113936,113938],{"className":67,"code":113937,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = {1, 2}\nresult = numbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,113939,113940,113956,113978,113982,113992],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,113941,113942,113944,113946,113948,113950,113952,113954],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,113943,3266],{"class":80},[74,113945,85],{"class":84},[74,113947,10148],{"class":106},[74,113949,2632],{"class":167},[74,113951,249],{"class":106},[74,113953,620],{"class":167},[74,113955,8965],{"class":106},[74,113957,113958,113960,113962,113964,113966,113968,113970,113972,113974,113976],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,113959,383],{"class":80},[74,113961,85],{"class":84},[74,113963,3914],{"class":80},[74,113965,114],{"class":106},[74,113967,30120],{"class":110},[74,113969,2629],{"class":106},[74,113971,321],{"class":167},[74,113973,249],{"class":106},[74,113975,2100],{"class":167},[74,113977,751],{"class":106},[74,113979,113980],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,113981,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,113983,113984,113986,113988,113990],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,113985,103],{"class":102},[74,113987,107],{"class":106},[74,113989,418],{"class":110},[74,113991,260],{"class":106},[74,113993,113994],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,113995,61478],{"class":3314},[20,113997,113998,113999,114],{},"The updated values are stored in the original set, not in ",[15,114000,418],{},[20,114002,18623],{},[65,114004,114006],{"className":67,"code":114005,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114007,114008,114024,114042,114046,114056],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,114009,114010,114012,114014,114016,114018,114020,114022],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,114011,3266],{"class":80},[74,114013,85],{"class":84},[74,114015,10148],{"class":106},[74,114017,2632],{"class":167},[74,114019,249],{"class":106},[74,114021,620],{"class":167},[74,114023,8965],{"class":106},[74,114025,114026,114028,114030,114032,114034,114036,114038,114040],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,114027,3298],{"class":80},[74,114029,114],{"class":106},[74,114031,30120],{"class":110},[74,114033,2629],{"class":106},[74,114035,321],{"class":167},[74,114037,249],{"class":106},[74,114039,2100],{"class":167},[74,114041,751],{"class":106},[74,114043,114044],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,114045,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,114047,114048,114050,114052,114054],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,114049,103],{"class":102},[74,114051,107],{"class":106},[74,114053,3298],{"class":110},[74,114055,260],{"class":106},[74,114057,114058],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,114059,113668],{"class":3314},[60,114061,114063],{"id":114062},"example-update-with-a-list","Example: update with a list",[20,114065,114066,114067,114],{},"A list is one of the most common things to pass to ",[15,114068,14611],{},[65,114070,114072],{"className":67,"code":114071,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114073,114074,114090,114116,114120,114130],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,114075,114076,114078,114080,114082,114084,114086,114088],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,114077,3266],{"class":80},[74,114079,85],{"class":84},[74,114081,10148],{"class":106},[74,114083,2632],{"class":167},[74,114085,249],{"class":106},[74,114087,620],{"class":167},[74,114089,8965],{"class":106},[74,114091,114092,114094,114096,114098,114100,114102,114104,114106,114108,114110,114112,114114],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,114093,3298],{"class":80},[74,114095,114],{"class":106},[74,114097,30120],{"class":110},[74,114099,2629],{"class":106},[74,114101,687],{"class":167},[74,114103,249],{"class":106},[74,114105,2094],{"class":167},[74,114107,249],{"class":106},[74,114109,2100],{"class":167},[74,114111,249],{"class":106},[74,114113,2100],{"class":167},[74,114115,751],{"class":106},[74,114117,114118],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,114119,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,114121,114122,114124,114126,114128],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,114123,103],{"class":102},[74,114125,107],{"class":106},[74,114127,3298],{"class":110},[74,114129,260],{"class":106},[74,114131,114132],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,114133,113668],{"class":3314},[20,114135,11341],{},[30,114137,114138,114143,114150],{},[33,114139,114140,114142],{},[15,114141,687],{}," is already in the set, so nothing changes for that value",[33,114144,114145,51,114147,114149],{},[15,114146,321],{},[15,114148,2148],{}," are added",[33,114151,114152,114153,114155],{},"The second ",[15,114154,2148],{}," is ignored because sets do not keep duplicates",[20,114157,114158,114159,114162],{},"This is one reason sets are useful when you want unique values. For example, you can ",[125,114160,114161],{"href":98716},"remove duplicates from a list in Python"," by converting the list to a set.",[60,114164,114166],{"id":114165},"example-update-with-another-set","Example: update with another set",[20,114168,7418,114169,114171],{},[15,114170,14611],{}," to combine values from one set into another.",[65,114173,114175],{"className":67,"code":114174,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\nset_a.update(set_b)\n\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,114176,114177,114198,114219,114223,114239,114243,114253],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,114178,114179,114182,114184,114186,114188,114190,114192,114194,114196],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,114180,114181],{"class":80},"set_a ",[74,114183,85],{"class":84},[74,114185,10148],{"class":106},[74,114187,2632],{"class":167},[74,114189,249],{"class":106},[74,114191,620],{"class":167},[74,114193,249],{"class":106},[74,114195,2094],{"class":167},[74,114197,8965],{"class":106},[74,114199,114200,114203,114205,114207,114209,114211,114213,114215,114217],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,114201,114202],{"class":80},"set_b ",[74,114204,85],{"class":84},[74,114206,10148],{"class":106},[74,114208,321],{"class":167},[74,114210,249],{"class":106},[74,114212,2100],{"class":167},[74,114214,249],{"class":106},[74,114216,651],{"class":167},[74,114218,8965],{"class":106},[74,114220,114221],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,114222,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,114224,114225,114228,114230,114232,114234,114237],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,114226,114227],{"class":80},"set_a",[74,114229,114],{"class":106},[74,114231,30120],{"class":110},[74,114233,107],{"class":106},[74,114235,114236],{"class":110},"set_b",[74,114238,260],{"class":106},[74,114240,114241],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,114242,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,114244,114245,114247,114249,114251],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,114246,103],{"class":102},[74,114248,107],{"class":106},[74,114250,114227],{"class":110},[74,114252,260],{"class":106},[74,114254,114255],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,114256,111629],{"class":3314},[20,114258,114259],{},"This is useful when you want to keep only unique values and modify the original set.",[20,114261,114262,114263,114],{},"If you want a new combined set instead of changing the original, use ",[125,114264,114265],{"href":102434},[15,114266,107681],{},[65,114268,114270],{"className":67,"code":114269,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\ncombined = set_a.union(set_b)\n\nprint(combined)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,114271,114272,114292,114312,114316,114336,114340,114351,114355,114365],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,114273,114274,114276,114278,114280,114282,114284,114286,114288,114290],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,114275,114181],{"class":80},[74,114277,85],{"class":84},[74,114279,10148],{"class":106},[74,114281,2632],{"class":167},[74,114283,249],{"class":106},[74,114285,620],{"class":167},[74,114287,249],{"class":106},[74,114289,2094],{"class":167},[74,114291,8965],{"class":106},[74,114293,114294,114296,114298,114300,114302,114304,114306,114308,114310],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,114295,114202],{"class":80},[74,114297,85],{"class":84},[74,114299,10148],{"class":106},[74,114301,321],{"class":167},[74,114303,249],{"class":106},[74,114305,2100],{"class":167},[74,114307,249],{"class":106},[74,114309,651],{"class":167},[74,114311,8965],{"class":106},[74,114313,114314],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,114315,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,114317,114318,114321,114323,114326,114328,114330,114332,114334],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,114319,114320],{"class":80},"combined ",[74,114322,85],{"class":84},[74,114324,114325],{"class":80}," set_a",[74,114327,114],{"class":106},[74,114329,110907],{"class":110},[74,114331,107],{"class":106},[74,114333,114236],{"class":110},[74,114335,260],{"class":106},[74,114337,114338],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,114339,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,114341,114342,114344,114346,114349],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,114343,103],{"class":102},[74,114345,107],{"class":106},[74,114347,114348],{"class":110},"combined",[74,114350,260],{"class":106},[74,114352,114353],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,114354,111629],{"class":3314},[74,114356,114357,114359,114361,114363],{"class":76,"line":6079},[74,114358,103],{"class":102},[74,114360,107],{"class":106},[74,114362,114227],{"class":110},[74,114364,260],{"class":106},[74,114366,114367],{"class":76,"line":6085},[74,114368,114369],{"class":3314},"# {1, 2, 3}\n",[60,114371,114373],{"id":114372},"example-update-with-a-string","Example: update with a string",[20,114375,64385,114376,114378],{},[15,114377,14611],{}," adds each character separately.",[65,114380,114382],{"className":67,"code":114381,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"letters = {\"x\"}\nletters.update(\"cat\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[15,114383,114384,114400,114418,114422,114432],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,114385,114386,114388,114390,114392,114394,114396,114398],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,114387,35746],{"class":80},[74,114389,85],{"class":84},[74,114391,10148],{"class":106},[74,114393,122],{"class":88},[74,114395,1816],{"class":92},[74,114397,122],{"class":88},[74,114399,8965],{"class":106},[74,114401,114402,114404,114406,114408,114410,114412,114414,114416],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,114403,35799],{"class":80},[74,114405,114],{"class":106},[74,114407,30120],{"class":110},[74,114409,107],{"class":106},[74,114411,122],{"class":88},[74,114413,486],{"class":92},[74,114415,122],{"class":88},[74,114417,260],{"class":106},[74,114419,114420],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,114421,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,114423,114424,114426,114428,114430],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,114425,103],{"class":102},[74,114427,107],{"class":106},[74,114429,35799],{"class":110},[74,114431,260],{"class":106},[74,114433,114434],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,114435,114436],{"class":3314},"# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[20,114438,114439],{},"This often surprises beginners.",[20,114441,114442,13711,114445,114447,114448,114450],{},[15,114443,114444],{},"update(\"cat\")",[332,114446,334],{}," add ",[15,114449,112674],{}," as one item. It adds:",[30,114452,114453,114457,114461],{},[33,114454,114455],{},[15,114456,66122],{},[33,114458,114459],{},[15,114460,215],{},[33,114462,114463],{},[15,114464,112690],{},[20,114466,114467,114468,679],{},"If you want to add one whole value, use ",[125,114469,114470],{"href":98139},[15,114471,95847],{},[65,114473,114475],{"className":67,"code":114474,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"words = {\"dog\"}\nwords.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(words)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,114476,114477,114493,114511,114515,114525],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,114478,114479,114481,114483,114485,114487,114489,114491],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,114480,3722],{"class":80},[74,114482,85],{"class":84},[74,114484,10148],{"class":106},[74,114486,122],{"class":88},[74,114488,57778],{"class":92},[74,114490,122],{"class":88},[74,114492,8965],{"class":106},[74,114494,114495,114497,114499,114501,114503,114505,114507,114509],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,114496,3764],{"class":80},[74,114498,114],{"class":106},[74,114500,81743],{"class":110},[74,114502,107],{"class":106},[74,114504,122],{"class":88},[74,114506,486],{"class":92},[74,114508,122],{"class":88},[74,114510,260],{"class":106},[74,114512,114513],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,114514,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,114516,114517,114519,114521,114523],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,114518,103],{"class":102},[74,114520,107],{"class":106},[74,114522,3764],{"class":110},[74,114524,260],{"class":106},[74,114526,114527],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,114528,114529],{"class":3314},"# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[60,114531,114533,10243,114535],{"id":114532},"update-vs-add",[15,114534,14611],{},[15,114536,95842],{},[20,114538,114539],{},"The difference is simple:",[30,114541,114542,114546],{},[33,114543,114544,96441],{},[15,114545,95842],{},[33,114547,114548,96446],{},[15,114549,14611],{},[20,114551,45694,114552,679],{},[15,114553,95842],{},[65,114555,114557],{"className":67,"code":114556,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.add(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[15,114558,114559,114575,114593,114597,114607],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,114560,114561,114563,114565,114567,114569,114571,114573],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,114562,35895],{"class":80},[74,114564,85],{"class":84},[74,114566,10148],{"class":106},[74,114568,122],{"class":88},[74,114570,376],{"class":92},[74,114572,122],{"class":88},[74,114574,8965],{"class":106},[74,114576,114577,114579,114581,114583,114585,114587,114589,114591],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,114578,35947],{"class":80},[74,114580,114],{"class":106},[74,114582,81743],{"class":110},[74,114584,107],{"class":106},[74,114586,122],{"class":88},[74,114588,93],{"class":92},[74,114590,122],{"class":88},[74,114592,260],{"class":106},[74,114594,114595],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,114596,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,114598,114599,114601,114603,114605],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,114600,103],{"class":102},[74,114602,107],{"class":106},[74,114604,35947],{"class":110},[74,114606,260],{"class":106},[74,114608,114609],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,114610,114611],{"class":3314},"# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[20,114613,45694,114614,679],{},[15,114615,14611],{},[65,114617,114619],{"className":67,"code":114618,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update([\"banana\", \"orange\"])\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[15,114620,114621,114637,114663,114667,114677],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,114622,114623,114625,114627,114629,114631,114633,114635],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,114624,35895],{"class":80},[74,114626,85],{"class":84},[74,114628,10148],{"class":106},[74,114630,122],{"class":88},[74,114632,376],{"class":92},[74,114634,122],{"class":88},[74,114636,8965],{"class":106},[74,114638,114639,114641,114643,114645,114647,114649,114651,114653,114655,114657,114659,114661],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,114640,35947],{"class":80},[74,114642,114],{"class":106},[74,114644,30120],{"class":110},[74,114646,2629],{"class":106},[74,114648,122],{"class":88},[74,114650,93],{"class":92},[74,114652,122],{"class":88},[74,114654,249],{"class":106},[74,114656,89],{"class":88},[74,114658,32878],{"class":92},[74,114660,122],{"class":88},[74,114662,751],{"class":106},[74,114664,114665],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,114666,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,114668,114669,114671,114673,114675],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,114670,103],{"class":102},[74,114672,107],{"class":106},[74,114674,35947],{"class":110},[74,114676,260],{"class":106},[74,114678,114679],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,114680,114681],{"class":3314},"# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[20,114683,114684],{},"Important warning with strings:",[65,114686,114688],{"className":67,"code":114687,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update(\"kiwi\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[15,114689,114690,114706,114724,114728,114738],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,114691,114692,114694,114696,114698,114700,114702,114704],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,114693,35895],{"class":80},[74,114695,85],{"class":84},[74,114697,10148],{"class":106},[74,114699,122],{"class":88},[74,114701,376],{"class":92},[74,114703,122],{"class":88},[74,114705,8965],{"class":106},[74,114707,114708,114710,114712,114714,114716,114718,114720,114722],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,114709,35947],{"class":80},[74,114711,114],{"class":106},[74,114713,30120],{"class":110},[74,114715,107],{"class":106},[74,114717,122],{"class":88},[74,114719,37997],{"class":92},[74,114721,122],{"class":88},[74,114723,260],{"class":106},[74,114725,114726],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,114727,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,114729,114730,114732,114734,114736],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,114731,103],{"class":102},[74,114733,107],{"class":106},[74,114735,35947],{"class":110},[74,114737,260],{"class":106},[74,114739,114740],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,114741,114742],{"class":3314},"# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[20,114744,61753,114745,61826,114748,6284],{},[15,114746,114747],{},"\"kiwi\"",[15,114749,95842],{},[60,114751,114753,10243,114755],{"id":114752},"update-vs-union",[15,114754,14611],{},[15,114756,102437],{},[20,114758,114759],{},"Both can combine values, but they work differently.",[262,114761,114762],{"id":30120},[15,114763,14611],{},[30,114765,114766,114769],{},[33,114767,114768],{},"Changes the existing set",[33,114770,11082,114771],{},[15,114772,3429],{},[65,114774,114776],{"className":67,"code":114775,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,114777,114778,114794,114810,114814,114828,114838],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,114779,114780,114782,114784,114786,114788,114790,114792],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,114781,2198],{"class":80},[74,114783,85],{"class":84},[74,114785,10148],{"class":106},[74,114787,2632],{"class":167},[74,114789,249],{"class":106},[74,114791,620],{"class":167},[74,114793,8965],{"class":106},[74,114795,114796,114798,114800,114802,114804,114806,114808],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,114797,2226],{"class":80},[74,114799,85],{"class":84},[74,114801,10148],{"class":106},[74,114803,687],{"class":167},[74,114805,249],{"class":106},[74,114807,2094],{"class":167},[74,114809,8965],{"class":106},[74,114811,114812],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,114813,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,114815,114816,114818,114820,114822,114824,114826],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,114817,125],{"class":80},[74,114819,114],{"class":106},[74,114821,30120],{"class":110},[74,114823,107],{"class":106},[74,114825,4412],{"class":110},[74,114827,260],{"class":106},[74,114829,114830,114832,114834,114836],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,114831,103],{"class":102},[74,114833,107],{"class":106},[74,114835,125],{"class":110},[74,114837,260],{"class":106},[74,114839,114840],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,114841,114369],{"class":3314},[262,114843,114844],{"id":110907},[15,114845,102437],{},[30,114847,114848,114850],{},[33,114849,100976],{},[33,114851,100979],{},[65,114853,114855],{"className":67,"code":114854,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nc = a.union(b)\nprint(c)\n# {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2}\n",[15,114856,114857,114873,114889,114893,114911,114921,114925,114935],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,114858,114859,114861,114863,114865,114867,114869,114871],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,114860,2198],{"class":80},[74,114862,85],{"class":84},[74,114864,10148],{"class":106},[74,114866,2632],{"class":167},[74,114868,249],{"class":106},[74,114870,620],{"class":167},[74,114872,8965],{"class":106},[74,114874,114875,114877,114879,114881,114883,114885,114887],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,114876,2226],{"class":80},[74,114878,85],{"class":84},[74,114880,10148],{"class":106},[74,114882,687],{"class":167},[74,114884,249],{"class":106},[74,114886,2094],{"class":167},[74,114888,8965],{"class":106},[74,114890,114891],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,114892,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,114894,114895,114897,114899,114901,114903,114905,114907,114909],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,114896,82823],{"class":80},[74,114898,85],{"class":84},[74,114900,56540],{"class":80},[74,114902,114],{"class":106},[74,114904,110907],{"class":110},[74,114906,107],{"class":106},[74,114908,4412],{"class":110},[74,114910,260],{"class":106},[74,114912,114913,114915,114917,114919],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,114914,103],{"class":102},[74,114916,107],{"class":106},[74,114918,9396],{"class":110},[74,114920,260],{"class":106},[74,114922,114923],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,114924,114369],{"class":3314},[74,114926,114927,114929,114931,114933],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,114928,103],{"class":102},[74,114930,107],{"class":106},[74,114932,125],{"class":110},[74,114934,260],{"class":106},[74,114936,114937],{"class":76,"line":6079},[74,114938,114939],{"class":3314},"# {1, 2}\n",[20,114941,107323,114942,114944,114945,114949],{},[15,114943,14611],{}," when you want to modify the original set in place. Choose ",[125,114946,114947],{"href":102434},[15,114948,102437],{}," when you want a new set.",[60,114951,114953],{"id":114952},"common-errors-and-confusion","Common errors and confusion",[20,114955,10406,114956,114],{},[15,114957,96953],{},[262,114959,114961],{"id":114960},"_1-saving-the-return-value","1. Saving the return value",[20,114963,114964],{},"This is wrong if you expect a set back:",[65,114966,114968],{"className":67,"code":114967,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,114969,114970,114986,115008,115012,115022],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,114971,114972,114974,114976,114978,114980,114982,114984],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,114973,15286],{"class":80},[74,114975,85],{"class":84},[74,114977,10148],{"class":106},[74,114979,2632],{"class":167},[74,114981,249],{"class":106},[74,114983,620],{"class":167},[74,114985,8965],{"class":106},[74,114987,114988,114990,114992,114994,114996,114998,115000,115002,115004,115006],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,114989,383],{"class":80},[74,114991,85],{"class":84},[74,114993,96563],{"class":80},[74,114995,114],{"class":106},[74,114997,30120],{"class":110},[74,114999,2629],{"class":106},[74,115001,321],{"class":167},[74,115003,249],{"class":106},[74,115005,2100],{"class":167},[74,115007,751],{"class":106},[74,115009,115010],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,115011,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,115013,115014,115016,115018,115020],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,115015,103],{"class":102},[74,115017,107],{"class":106},[74,115019,418],{"class":110},[74,115021,260],{"class":106},[74,115023,115024],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,115025,61478],{"class":3314},[20,115027,115028,115029,679],{},"Use the original set after calling ",[15,115030,14611],{},[65,115032,115034],{"className":67,"code":115033,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,115035,115036,115052,115070,115074,115084],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,115037,115038,115040,115042,115044,115046,115048,115050],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,115039,15286],{"class":80},[74,115041,85],{"class":84},[74,115043,10148],{"class":106},[74,115045,2632],{"class":167},[74,115047,249],{"class":106},[74,115049,620],{"class":167},[74,115051,8965],{"class":106},[74,115053,115054,115056,115058,115060,115062,115064,115066,115068],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,115055,15324],{"class":80},[74,115057,114],{"class":106},[74,115059,30120],{"class":110},[74,115061,2629],{"class":106},[74,115063,321],{"class":167},[74,115065,249],{"class":106},[74,115067,2100],{"class":167},[74,115069,751],{"class":106},[74,115071,115072],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,115073,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,115075,115076,115078,115080,115082],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,115077,103],{"class":102},[74,115079,107],{"class":106},[74,115081,15324],{"class":110},[74,115083,260],{"class":106},[74,115085,115086],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,115087,113668],{"class":3314},[262,115089,115091],{"id":115090},"_2-passing-a-non-iterable","2. Passing a non-iterable",[20,115093,2480],{},[65,115095,115097],{"className":67,"code":115096,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update(5)\n",[15,115098,115099,115115],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,115100,115101,115103,115105,115107,115109,115111,115113],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,115102,15286],{"class":80},[74,115104,85],{"class":84},[74,115106,10148],{"class":106},[74,115108,2632],{"class":167},[74,115110,249],{"class":106},[74,115112,620],{"class":167},[74,115114,8965],{"class":106},[74,115116,115117,115119,115121,115123,115125,115127],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,115118,15324],{"class":80},[74,115120,114],{"class":106},[74,115122,30120],{"class":110},[74,115124,107],{"class":106},[74,115126,711],{"class":167},[74,115128,260],{"class":106},[20,115130,61932,115131,8259,115133,115135],{},[15,115132,2649],{},[15,115134,711],{}," is an integer, not an iterable.",[20,115137,6208],{},[65,115139,115141],{"className":67,"code":115140,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([5])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 5}\n",[15,115142,115143,115159,115173,115177,115187],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,115144,115145,115147,115149,115151,115153,115155,115157],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,115146,15286],{"class":80},[74,115148,85],{"class":84},[74,115150,10148],{"class":106},[74,115152,2632],{"class":167},[74,115154,249],{"class":106},[74,115156,620],{"class":167},[74,115158,8965],{"class":106},[74,115160,115161,115163,115165,115167,115169,115171],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,115162,15324],{"class":80},[74,115164,114],{"class":106},[74,115166,30120],{"class":110},[74,115168,2629],{"class":106},[74,115170,711],{"class":167},[74,115172,751],{"class":106},[74,115174,115175],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,115176,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,115178,115179,115181,115183,115185],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,115180,103],{"class":102},[74,115182,107],{"class":106},[74,115184,15324],{"class":110},[74,115186,260],{"class":106},[74,115188,115189],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,115190,115191],{"class":3314},"# {1, 2, 5}\n",[20,115193,45567,115194,114],{},[125,115195,25336,115196],{"href":52252},[15,115197,115198],{},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable",[262,115200,115202],{"id":115201},"_3-expecting-duplicates-to-stay","3. Expecting duplicates to stay",[20,115204,115205],{},"Sets only keep unique values.",[65,115207,115209],{"className":67,"code":115208,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([2, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,115210,115211,115227,115253,115257,115267],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,115212,115213,115215,115217,115219,115221,115223,115225],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,115214,15286],{"class":80},[74,115216,85],{"class":84},[74,115218,10148],{"class":106},[74,115220,2632],{"class":167},[74,115222,249],{"class":106},[74,115224,620],{"class":167},[74,115226,8965],{"class":106},[74,115228,115229,115231,115233,115235,115237,115239,115241,115243,115245,115247,115249,115251],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,115230,15324],{"class":80},[74,115232,114],{"class":106},[74,115234,30120],{"class":110},[74,115236,2629],{"class":106},[74,115238,687],{"class":167},[74,115240,249],{"class":106},[74,115242,620],{"class":167},[74,115244,249],{"class":106},[74,115246,620],{"class":167},[74,115248,249],{"class":106},[74,115250,2094],{"class":167},[74,115252,751],{"class":106},[74,115254,115255],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,115256,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,115258,115259,115261,115263,115265],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,115260,103],{"class":102},[74,115262,107],{"class":106},[74,115264,15324],{"class":110},[74,115266,260],{"class":106},[74,115268,115269],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,115270,114369],{"class":3314},[262,115272,115274,115275,1462,115277,115279],{"id":115273},"_4-using-update-when-add-is-better","4. Using ",[15,115276,14611],{},[15,115278,95842],{}," is better",[20,115281,115282,115283,115285],{},"If you want to add one single value, especially a string, ",[15,115284,95842],{}," is usually the better choice.",[65,115287,115289],{"className":67,"code":115288,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"my_set = {\"dog\"}\nmy_set.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,115290,115291,115307,115325,115329,115339],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,115292,115293,115295,115297,115299,115301,115303,115305],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,115294,15286],{"class":80},[74,115296,85],{"class":84},[74,115298,10148],{"class":106},[74,115300,122],{"class":88},[74,115302,57778],{"class":92},[74,115304,122],{"class":88},[74,115306,8965],{"class":106},[74,115308,115309,115311,115313,115315,115317,115319,115321,115323],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,115310,15324],{"class":80},[74,115312,114],{"class":106},[74,115314,81743],{"class":110},[74,115316,107],{"class":106},[74,115318,122],{"class":88},[74,115320,486],{"class":92},[74,115322,122],{"class":88},[74,115324,260],{"class":106},[74,115326,115327],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,115328,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,115330,115331,115333,115335,115337],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,115332,103],{"class":102},[74,115334,107],{"class":106},[74,115336,15324],{"class":110},[74,115338,260],{"class":106},[74,115340,115341],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,115342,114529],{"class":3314},[60,115344,1471],{"id":1470},[262,115346,1517,115348,96932],{"id":115347},"does-setupdate-return-a-new-set",[15,115349,96953],{},[20,115351,96935,115352,114],{},[15,115353,3429],{},[262,115355,27983,115356,31883],{"id":31880},[15,115357,14611],{},[20,115359,115360],{},"Yes. Any iterable like a list, tuple, set, or string can be used.",[262,115362,4828,115364,51,115366,2135],{"id":115363},"what-is-the-difference-between-add-and-update",[15,115365,95842],{},[15,115367,14611],{},[20,115369,115370,115372,115373,115375],{},[15,115371,95842],{}," adds one item. ",[15,115374,14611],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable.",[262,115377,115379],{"id":115378},"why-did-my-string-get-split-into-letters","Why did my string get split into letters?",[20,115381,115382,115383,114378],{},"Because strings are iterable, so ",[15,115384,14611],{},[262,115386,115388],{"id":115387},"how-do-i-combine-two-sets-without-changing-the-original","How do I combine two sets without changing the original?",[20,115390,176,115391,10750,115393,114],{},[15,115392,102437],{},[15,115394,14611],{},[60,115396,1527],{"id":1526},[30,115398,115399,115406,115413,115419,115425],{},[33,115400,115401],{},[125,115402,115403],{"href":98139},[15,115404,115405],{},"Python set add() method",[33,115407,115408],{},[125,115409,115410],{"href":102434},[15,115411,115412],{},"Python set union() method",[33,115414,115415],{},[125,115416,115417],{"href":97522},[15,115418,96977],{},[33,115420,115421],{},[125,115422,115423],{"href":98716},[15,115424,99983],{},[33,115426,115427],{},[125,115428,115429,115431],{"href":52252},[15,115430,115198],{}," fix",[20,115433,115434,115435,115437,115438,115440],{},"Next, learn when to use ",[15,115436,95847],{}," for a single value and ",[15,115439,107681],{}," when you want a new combined set without changing the original.",[1566,115442,115443],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":70,"searchDepth":99,"depth":99,"links":115445},[115446,115447,115449,115450,115451,115452,115453,115454,115456,115461,115468,115477],{"id":3255,"depth":99,"text":3256},{"id":113676,"depth":99,"text":115448},"What set.update() does",{"id":226,"depth":99,"text":227},{"id":21625,"depth":99,"text":21626},{"id":114062,"depth":99,"text":114063},{"id":114165,"depth":99,"text":114166},{"id":114372,"depth":99,"text":114373},{"id":114532,"depth":99,"text":115455},"update() vs add()",{"id":114752,"depth":99,"text":115457,"children":115458},"update() vs union()",[115459,115460],{"id":30120,"depth":133,"text":14611},{"id":110907,"depth":133,"text":102437},{"id":114952,"depth":99,"text":114953,"children":115462},[115463,115464,115465,115466],{"id":114960,"depth":133,"text":114961},{"id":115090,"depth":133,"text":115091},{"id":115201,"depth":133,"text":115202},{"id":115273,"depth":133,"text":115467},"4. Using update() when add() is better",{"id":1470,"depth":99,"text":1471,"children":115469},[115470,115472,115473,115475,115476],{"id":115347,"depth":133,"text":115471},"Does set.update() return a new set?",{"id":31880,"depth":133,"text":31953},{"id":115363,"depth":133,"text":115474},"What is the difference between add() and update()?",{"id":115378,"depth":133,"text":115379},{"id":115387,"depth":133,"text":115388},{"id":1526,"depth":99,"text":1527},"Master python set update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":113588,"description":115478},"reference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","O92kX80vUFExg-dtCXumAvm7IuzEHXgSTW4bzDeyLc8",{"id":115484,"title":115485,"body":115486,"description":117252,"extension":1610,"meta":117253,"navigation":407,"path":13447,"seo":117254,"stem":117255,"__hash__":117256},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained.md","Python shallow copy vs deep copy Explained",{"type":7,"value":115487,"toc":117227},[115488,115491,115494,115497,115508,115516,115519,115521,115670,115682,115686,115703,115707,115715,115717,115728,115730,115827,115833,115836,115932,115941,115946,115950,115955,115957,115967,115969,116078,116086,116090,116093,116096,116113,116119,116199,116202,116206,116209,116213,116216,116275,116278,116282,116285,116377,116381,116384,116491,116495,116501,116529,116531,116613,116623,116627,116630,116641,116644,116729,116732,116737,116741,116744,116755,116758,116900,116903,116907,116910,116924,116927,116988,116994,116996,116999,117021,117024,117124,117127,117159,117161,117165,117168,117170,117173,117177,117180,117184,117187,117191,117194,117196,117224],[10,115489,115485],{"id":115490},"python-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained",[20,115492,115493],{},"When you copy data in Python, the result is not always fully independent from the original.",[20,115495,115496],{},"This is especially important with nested data, such as:",[30,115498,115499,115502,115505],{},[33,115500,115501],{},"a list inside another list",[33,115503,115504],{},"a dictionary containing lists",[33,115506,115507],{},"a list of dictionaries",[20,115509,99905,115510,51,115512,115515],{},[332,115511,12509],{},[332,115513,115514],{},"deep copy"," is about what gets copied and what stays shared.",[20,115517,115518],{},"If you get this wrong, changing one object can unexpectedly change another.",[60,115520,63],{"id":62},[65,115522,115524],{"className":67,"code":115523,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = copy.copy(original)\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(shallow)   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(deep)      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[15,115525,115526,115533,115537,115563,115583,115603,115607,115625,115629,115642,115656],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,115527,115528,115530],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,115529,34748],{"class":3529},[74,115531,115532],{"class":80}," copy\n",[74,115534,115535],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,115536,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,115538,115539,115541,115543,115545,115547,115549,115551,115553,115555,115557,115559,115561],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,115540,11744],{"class":80},[74,115542,85],{"class":84},[74,115544,55946],{"class":106},[74,115546,2632],{"class":167},[74,115548,249],{"class":106},[74,115550,620],{"class":167},[74,115552,17717],{"class":106},[74,115554,3271],{"class":106},[74,115556,321],{"class":167},[74,115558,249],{"class":106},[74,115560,2100],{"class":167},[74,115562,52894],{"class":106},[74,115564,115565,115568,115570,115573,115575,115577,115579,115581],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,115566,115567],{"class":80},"shallow ",[74,115569,85],{"class":84},[74,115571,115572],{"class":80}," copy",[74,115574,114],{"class":106},[74,115576,12570],{"class":110},[74,115578,107],{"class":106},[74,115580,11791],{"class":110},[74,115582,260],{"class":106},[74,115584,115585,115588,115590,115592,115594,115597,115599,115601],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,115586,115587],{"class":80},"deep ",[74,115589,85],{"class":84},[74,115591,115572],{"class":80},[74,115593,114],{"class":106},[74,115595,115596],{"class":110},"deepcopy",[74,115598,107],{"class":106},[74,115600,11791],{"class":110},[74,115602,260],{"class":106},[74,115604,115605],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,115606,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,115608,115609,115611,115613,115615,115617,115619,115621,115623],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,115610,11791],{"class":80},[74,115612,742],{"class":106},[74,115614,327],{"class":167},[74,115616,13207],{"class":106},[74,115618,13210],{"class":110},[74,115620,107],{"class":106},[74,115622,55999],{"class":167},[74,115624,260],{"class":106},[74,115626,115627],{"class":76,"line":6079},[74,115628,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,115630,115631,115633,115635,115637,115639],{"class":76,"line":6085},[74,115632,103],{"class":102},[74,115634,107],{"class":106},[74,115636,11791],{"class":110},[74,115638,3311],{"class":106},[74,115640,115641],{"class":3314},"  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[74,115643,115644,115646,115648,115651,115653],{"class":76,"line":6090},[74,115645,103],{"class":102},[74,115647,107],{"class":106},[74,115649,115650],{"class":110},"shallow",[74,115652,3311],{"class":106},[74,115654,115655],{"class":3314},"   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[74,115657,115658,115660,115662,115665,115667],{"class":76,"line":11252},[74,115659,103],{"class":102},[74,115661,107],{"class":106},[74,115663,115664],{"class":110},"deep",[74,115666,3311],{"class":106},[74,115668,115669],{"class":3314},"      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[20,115671,176,115672,115675,115676,51,115678,115681],{},[15,115673,115674],{},"copy.copy()"," for a ",[332,115677,12509],{},[15,115679,115680],{},"copy.deepcopy()"," when you need fully independent nested objects.",[60,115683,115685],{"id":115684},"what-this-page-helps-you-understand","What this page helps you understand",[30,115687,115688,115691,115694,115697,115700],{},[33,115689,115690],{},"What a copy means in Python",[33,115692,115693],{},"How shallow copy works",[33,115695,115696],{},"How deep copy works",[33,115698,115699],{},"Why nested objects cause confusion",[33,115701,115702],{},"When to use each approach",[60,115704,115706],{"id":115705},"what-a-shallow-copy-does","What a shallow copy does",[20,115708,14846,115709,115711,115712,115714],{},[332,115710,12509],{}," creates a new outer object, but it does ",[332,115713,334],{}," fully copy the nested objects inside it.",[20,115716,776],{},[30,115718,115719,115722,115725],{},[33,115720,115721],{},"the outer container is new",[33,115723,115724],{},"inner lists or dictionaries may still be shared",[33,115726,115727],{},"changing a nested mutable object can affect both versions",[20,115729,506],{},[65,115731,115733],{"className":67,"code":115732,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append([5, 6])\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[15,115734,115735,115761,115775,115779,115797,115801,115814],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,115736,115737,115739,115741,115743,115745,115747,115749,115751,115753,115755,115757,115759],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,115738,11744],{"class":80},[74,115740,85],{"class":84},[74,115742,55946],{"class":106},[74,115744,2632],{"class":167},[74,115746,249],{"class":106},[74,115748,620],{"class":167},[74,115750,17717],{"class":106},[74,115752,3271],{"class":106},[74,115754,321],{"class":167},[74,115756,249],{"class":106},[74,115758,2100],{"class":167},[74,115760,52894],{"class":106},[74,115762,115763,115765,115767,115769,115771,115773],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,115764,13969],{"class":80},[74,115766,85],{"class":84},[74,115768,11819],{"class":80},[74,115770,114],{"class":106},[74,115772,12570],{"class":110},[74,115774,8299],{"class":106},[74,115776,115777],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,115778,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,115780,115781,115783,115785,115787,115789,115791,115793,115795],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,115782,13988],{"class":80},[74,115784,114],{"class":106},[74,115786,13210],{"class":110},[74,115788,2629],{"class":106},[74,115790,711],{"class":167},[74,115792,249],{"class":106},[74,115794,37299],{"class":167},[74,115796,751],{"class":106},[74,115798,115799],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,115800,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,115802,115803,115805,115807,115809,115811],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,115804,103],{"class":102},[74,115806,107],{"class":106},[74,115808,11791],{"class":110},[74,115810,3311],{"class":106},[74,115812,115813],{"class":3314},"  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[74,115815,115816,115818,115820,115822,115824],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,115817,103],{"class":102},[74,115819,107],{"class":106},[74,115821,13988],{"class":110},[74,115823,3311],{"class":106},[74,115825,115826],{"class":3314},"    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[20,115828,115829,115830,115832],{},"In this case, appending a new top-level item only changes ",[15,115831,13988],{},", because the outer list is different.",[20,115834,115835],{},"But now look at a nested change:",[65,115837,115839],{"className":67,"code":115838,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,115840,115841,115867,115881,115885,115903,115907,115919],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,115842,115843,115845,115847,115849,115851,115853,115855,115857,115859,115861,115863,115865],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,115844,11744],{"class":80},[74,115846,85],{"class":84},[74,115848,55946],{"class":106},[74,115850,2632],{"class":167},[74,115852,249],{"class":106},[74,115854,620],{"class":167},[74,115856,17717],{"class":106},[74,115858,3271],{"class":106},[74,115860,321],{"class":167},[74,115862,249],{"class":106},[74,115864,2100],{"class":167},[74,115866,52894],{"class":106},[74,115868,115869,115871,115873,115875,115877,115879],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,115870,13969],{"class":80},[74,115872,85],{"class":84},[74,115874,11819],{"class":80},[74,115876,114],{"class":106},[74,115878,12570],{"class":110},[74,115880,8299],{"class":106},[74,115882,115883],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,115884,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,115886,115887,115889,115891,115893,115895,115897,115899,115901],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,115888,13988],{"class":80},[74,115890,742],{"class":106},[74,115892,327],{"class":167},[74,115894,13207],{"class":106},[74,115896,13210],{"class":110},[74,115898,107],{"class":106},[74,115900,55999],{"class":167},[74,115902,260],{"class":106},[74,115904,115905],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,115906,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,115908,115909,115911,115913,115915,115917],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,115910,103],{"class":102},[74,115912,107],{"class":106},[74,115914,11791],{"class":110},[74,115916,3311],{"class":106},[74,115918,115641],{"class":3314},[74,115920,115921,115923,115925,115927,115929],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,115922,103],{"class":102},[74,115924,107],{"class":106},[74,115926,13988],{"class":110},[74,115928,3311],{"class":106},[74,115930,115931],{"class":3314},"    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[20,115933,115934,115935,51,115937,115940],{},"Both changed because ",[15,115936,56103],{},[15,115938,115939],{},"copied[0]"," point to the same inner list.",[20,115942,115943,115944,114],{},"If you are new to this, it helps to first understand ",[125,115945,43590],{"href":11723},[60,115947,115949],{"id":115948},"what-a-deep-copy-does","What a deep copy does",[20,115951,14846,115952,115954],{},[332,115953,115514],{}," creates a new outer object and also recursively copies the nested objects inside it.",[20,115956,776],{},[30,115958,115959,115961,115964],{},[33,115960,115721],{},[33,115962,115963],{},"nested mutable objects are also new",[33,115965,115966],{},"changes inside nested structures do not affect the original",[20,115968,506],{},[65,115970,115972],{"className":67,"code":115971,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,115973,115974,115980,115984,116010,116028,116032,116050,116054,116066],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,115975,115976,115978],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,115977,34748],{"class":3529},[74,115979,115532],{"class":80},[74,115981,115982],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,115983,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,115985,115986,115988,115990,115992,115994,115996,115998,116000,116002,116004,116006,116008],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,115987,11744],{"class":80},[74,115989,85],{"class":84},[74,115991,55946],{"class":106},[74,115993,2632],{"class":167},[74,115995,249],{"class":106},[74,115997,620],{"class":167},[74,115999,17717],{"class":106},[74,116001,3271],{"class":106},[74,116003,321],{"class":167},[74,116005,249],{"class":106},[74,116007,2100],{"class":167},[74,116009,52894],{"class":106},[74,116011,116012,116014,116016,116018,116020,116022,116024,116026],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,116013,13969],{"class":80},[74,116015,85],{"class":84},[74,116017,115572],{"class":80},[74,116019,114],{"class":106},[74,116021,115596],{"class":110},[74,116023,107],{"class":106},[74,116025,11791],{"class":110},[74,116027,260],{"class":106},[74,116029,116030],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,116031,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,116033,116034,116036,116038,116040,116042,116044,116046,116048],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,116035,13988],{"class":80},[74,116037,742],{"class":106},[74,116039,327],{"class":167},[74,116041,13207],{"class":106},[74,116043,13210],{"class":110},[74,116045,107],{"class":106},[74,116047,55999],{"class":167},[74,116049,260],{"class":106},[74,116051,116052],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,116053,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,116055,116056,116058,116060,116062,116064],{"class":76,"line":6079},[74,116057,103],{"class":102},[74,116059,107],{"class":106},[74,116061,11791],{"class":110},[74,116063,3311],{"class":106},[74,116065,115813],{"class":3314},[74,116067,116068,116070,116072,116074,116076],{"class":76,"line":6085},[74,116069,103],{"class":102},[74,116071,107],{"class":106},[74,116073,13988],{"class":110},[74,116075,3311],{"class":106},[74,116077,115931],{"class":3314},[20,116079,116080,116081,116083,116084,114],{},"Here, the inner list was copied too, so changing ",[15,116082,115939],{}," does not change ",[15,116085,56103],{},[60,116087,116089],{"id":116088},"why-beginners-get-confused","Why beginners get confused",[20,116091,116092],{},"This topic is confusing because copying often appears to work at first.",[20,116094,116095],{},"Common reasons:",[30,116097,116098,116101,116104,116110],{},[33,116099,116100],{},"Simple lists of numbers often behave as expected",[33,116102,116103],{},"Problems usually appear only with nested lists or dictionaries",[33,116105,116106,116107,116109],{},"Assignment with ",[15,116108,85],{}," does not make a copy",[33,116111,116112],{},"Some methods make shallow copies, not deep copies",[20,116114,116115,116116,116118],{},"For example, this does ",[332,116117,334],{}," create a copy:",[65,116120,116122],{"className":67,"code":116121,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,116123,116124,116144,116152,116156,116170,116174,116186],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,116125,116126,116128,116130,116132,116134,116136,116138,116140,116142],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,116127,11744],{"class":80},[74,116129,85],{"class":84},[74,116131,3271],{"class":106},[74,116133,2632],{"class":167},[74,116135,249],{"class":106},[74,116137,620],{"class":167},[74,116139,249],{"class":106},[74,116141,2094],{"class":167},[74,116143,3284],{"class":106},[74,116145,116146,116148,116150],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,116147,13969],{"class":80},[74,116149,85],{"class":84},[74,116151,11782],{"class":80},[74,116153,116154],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,116155,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,116157,116158,116160,116162,116164,116166,116168],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,116159,13988],{"class":80},[74,116161,114],{"class":106},[74,116163,13210],{"class":110},[74,116165,107],{"class":106},[74,116167,2148],{"class":167},[74,116169,260],{"class":106},[74,116171,116172],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,116173,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,116175,116176,116178,116180,116182,116184],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,116177,103],{"class":102},[74,116179,107],{"class":106},[74,116181,11791],{"class":110},[74,116183,3311],{"class":106},[74,116185,55353],{"class":3314},[74,116187,116188,116190,116192,116194,116196],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,116189,103],{"class":102},[74,116191,107],{"class":106},[74,116193,13988],{"class":110},[74,116195,3311],{"class":106},[74,116197,116198],{"class":3314},"    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,116200,116201],{},"Both names refer to the same list.",[60,116203,116205],{"id":116204},"assignment-vs-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy","Assignment vs shallow copy vs deep copy",[20,116207,116208],{},"These three ideas are different.",[262,116210,116212],{"id":116211},"assignment","Assignment",[20,116214,116215],{},"With assignment, both names point to the same object.",[65,116217,116219],{"className":67,"code":116218,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nassigned = original\n\nprint(original is assigned)  # True\n",[15,116220,116221,116247,116255,116259],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,116222,116223,116225,116227,116229,116231,116233,116235,116237,116239,116241,116243,116245],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,116224,11744],{"class":80},[74,116226,85],{"class":84},[74,116228,55946],{"class":106},[74,116230,2632],{"class":167},[74,116232,249],{"class":106},[74,116234,620],{"class":167},[74,116236,17717],{"class":106},[74,116238,3271],{"class":106},[74,116240,321],{"class":167},[74,116242,249],{"class":106},[74,116244,2100],{"class":167},[74,116246,52894],{"class":106},[74,116248,116249,116251,116253],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,116250,13760],{"class":80},[74,116252,85],{"class":84},[74,116254,11782],{"class":80},[74,116256,116257],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,116258,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,116260,116261,116263,116265,116267,116269,116271,116273],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,116262,103],{"class":102},[74,116264,107],{"class":106},[74,116266,11744],{"class":110},[74,116268,11852],{"class":3529},[74,116270,13828],{"class":110},[74,116272,3311],{"class":106},[74,116274,3315],{"class":3314},[20,116276,116277],{},"Changing one changes the other.",[262,116279,116281],{"id":116280},"shallow-copy","Shallow copy",[20,116283,116284],{},"With a shallow copy, the outer object is new, but inner objects are shared.",[65,116286,116288],{"className":67,"code":116287,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = original.copy()\n\nprint(original is shallow)      # False\nprint(original[0] is shallow[0])  # True\n",[15,116289,116290,116316,116330,116334,116351],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,116291,116292,116294,116296,116298,116300,116302,116304,116306,116308,116310,116312,116314],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,116293,11744],{"class":80},[74,116295,85],{"class":84},[74,116297,55946],{"class":106},[74,116299,2632],{"class":167},[74,116301,249],{"class":106},[74,116303,620],{"class":167},[74,116305,17717],{"class":106},[74,116307,3271],{"class":106},[74,116309,321],{"class":167},[74,116311,249],{"class":106},[74,116313,2100],{"class":167},[74,116315,52894],{"class":106},[74,116317,116318,116320,116322,116324,116326,116328],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,116319,115567],{"class":80},[74,116321,85],{"class":84},[74,116323,11819],{"class":80},[74,116325,114],{"class":106},[74,116327,12570],{"class":110},[74,116329,8299],{"class":106},[74,116331,116332],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,116333,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,116335,116336,116338,116340,116342,116344,116347,116349],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,116337,103],{"class":102},[74,116339,107],{"class":106},[74,116341,11744],{"class":110},[74,116343,11852],{"class":3529},[74,116345,116346],{"class":110}," shallow",[74,116348,3311],{"class":106},[74,116350,20856],{"class":3314},[74,116352,116353,116355,116357,116359,116361,116363,116365,116367,116369,116371,116373,116375],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,116354,103],{"class":102},[74,116356,107],{"class":106},[74,116358,11791],{"class":110},[74,116360,742],{"class":106},[74,116362,327],{"class":167},[74,116364,12930],{"class":106},[74,116366,7754],{"class":3529},[74,116368,116346],{"class":110},[74,116370,742],{"class":106},[74,116372,327],{"class":167},[74,116374,20101],{"class":106},[74,116376,3315],{"class":3314},[262,116378,116380],{"id":116379},"deep-copy","Deep copy",[20,116382,116383],{},"With a deep copy, both the outer object and inner objects are copied.",[65,116385,116387],{"className":67,"code":116386,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\nprint(original is deep)         # False\nprint(original[0] is deep[0])   # False\n",[15,116388,116389,116395,116399,116425,116443,116447,116465],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,116390,116391,116393],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,116392,34748],{"class":3529},[74,116394,115532],{"class":80},[74,116396,116397],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,116398,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,116400,116401,116403,116405,116407,116409,116411,116413,116415,116417,116419,116421,116423],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,116402,11744],{"class":80},[74,116404,85],{"class":84},[74,116406,55946],{"class":106},[74,116408,2632],{"class":167},[74,116410,249],{"class":106},[74,116412,620],{"class":167},[74,116414,17717],{"class":106},[74,116416,3271],{"class":106},[74,116418,321],{"class":167},[74,116420,249],{"class":106},[74,116422,2100],{"class":167},[74,116424,52894],{"class":106},[74,116426,116427,116429,116431,116433,116435,116437,116439,116441],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,116428,115587],{"class":80},[74,116430,85],{"class":84},[74,116432,115572],{"class":80},[74,116434,114],{"class":106},[74,116436,115596],{"class":110},[74,116438,107],{"class":106},[74,116440,11791],{"class":110},[74,116442,260],{"class":106},[74,116444,116445],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,116446,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,116448,116449,116451,116453,116455,116457,116460,116462],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,116450,103],{"class":102},[74,116452,107],{"class":106},[74,116454,11744],{"class":110},[74,116456,11852],{"class":3529},[74,116458,116459],{"class":110}," deep",[74,116461,3311],{"class":106},[74,116463,116464],{"class":3314},"         # False\n",[74,116466,116467,116469,116471,116473,116475,116477,116479,116481,116483,116485,116487,116489],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,116468,103],{"class":102},[74,116470,107],{"class":106},[74,116472,11791],{"class":110},[74,116474,742],{"class":106},[74,116476,327],{"class":167},[74,116478,12930],{"class":106},[74,116480,7754],{"class":3529},[74,116482,116459],{"class":110},[74,116484,742],{"class":106},[74,116486,327],{"class":167},[74,116488,20101],{"class":106},[74,116490,43526],{"class":3314},[60,116492,116494],{"id":116493},"common-ways-to-make-a-shallow-copy","Common ways to make a shallow copy",[20,116496,116497,116498,679],{},"These all make ",[332,116499,116500],{},"shallow copies",[30,116502,116503,116507,116511,116516,116522],{},[33,116504,116505],{},[15,116506,55253],{},[33,116508,116509],{},[15,116510,12093],{},[33,116512,116513],{},[15,116514,116515],{},"set.copy()",[33,116517,116518,116519],{},"list slicing like ",[15,116520,116521],{},"my_list[:]",[33,116523,116524,116526,116527,34738],{},[15,116525,115674],{}," from the ",[15,116528,12570],{},[20,116530,313],{},[65,116532,116534],{"className":67,"code":116533,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\na = numbers.copy()\nb = numbers[:]\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,116535,116536,116556,116560,116574,116585,116589,116601],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,116537,116538,116540,116542,116544,116546,116548,116550,116552,116554],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,116539,3266],{"class":80},[74,116541,85],{"class":84},[74,116543,3271],{"class":106},[74,116545,2632],{"class":167},[74,116547,249],{"class":106},[74,116549,620],{"class":167},[74,116551,249],{"class":106},[74,116553,2094],{"class":167},[74,116555,3284],{"class":106},[74,116557,116558],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,116559,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,116561,116562,116564,116566,116568,116570,116572],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,116563,2198],{"class":80},[74,116565,85],{"class":84},[74,116567,3914],{"class":80},[74,116569,114],{"class":106},[74,116571,12570],{"class":110},[74,116573,8299],{"class":106},[74,116575,116576,116578,116580,116582],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,116577,2226],{"class":80},[74,116579,85],{"class":84},[74,116581,3914],{"class":80},[74,116583,116584],{"class":106},"[:]\n",[74,116586,116587],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,116588,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,116590,116591,116593,116595,116597,116599],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,116592,103],{"class":102},[74,116594,107],{"class":106},[74,116596,125],{"class":110},[74,116598,3311],{"class":106},[74,116600,54584],{"class":3314},[74,116602,116603,116605,116607,116609,116611],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,116604,103],{"class":102},[74,116606,107],{"class":106},[74,116608,4412],{"class":110},[74,116610,3311],{"class":106},[74,116612,54584],{"class":3314},[20,116614,72780,116615,47186,116619,114],{},[125,116616,116617,10399],{"href":54612},[15,116618,55253],{},[125,116620,116621,10399],{"href":12090},[15,116622,12093],{},[60,116624,116626],{"id":116625},"when-shallow-copy-is-enough","When shallow copy is enough",[20,116628,116629],{},"A shallow copy is often enough when:",[30,116631,116632,116635,116638],{},[33,116633,116634],{},"your data is flat and not nested",[33,116636,116637],{},"you only need a separate outer container",[33,116639,116640],{},"you do not plan to change nested mutable values",[20,116642,116643],{},"Example with a flat list:",[65,116645,116647],{"className":67,"code":116646,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,116648,116649,116669,116683,116687,116701,116705,116717],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,116650,116651,116653,116655,116657,116659,116661,116663,116665,116667],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,116652,11744],{"class":80},[74,116654,85],{"class":84},[74,116656,3271],{"class":106},[74,116658,2632],{"class":167},[74,116660,249],{"class":106},[74,116662,620],{"class":167},[74,116664,249],{"class":106},[74,116666,2094],{"class":167},[74,116668,3284],{"class":106},[74,116670,116671,116673,116675,116677,116679,116681],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,116672,13969],{"class":80},[74,116674,85],{"class":84},[74,116676,11819],{"class":80},[74,116678,114],{"class":106},[74,116680,12570],{"class":110},[74,116682,8299],{"class":106},[74,116684,116685],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,116686,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,116688,116689,116691,116693,116695,116697,116699],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,116690,13988],{"class":80},[74,116692,114],{"class":106},[74,116694,13210],{"class":110},[74,116696,107],{"class":106},[74,116698,2148],{"class":167},[74,116700,260],{"class":106},[74,116702,116703],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,116704,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,116706,116707,116709,116711,116713,116715],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,116708,103],{"class":102},[74,116710,107],{"class":106},[74,116712,11791],{"class":110},[74,116714,3311],{"class":106},[74,116716,54584],{"class":3314},[74,116718,116719,116721,116723,116725,116727],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,116720,103],{"class":102},[74,116722,107],{"class":106},[74,116724,13988],{"class":110},[74,116726,3311],{"class":106},[74,116728,116198],{"class":3314},[20,116730,116731],{},"This works fine because the list contains integers, and integers are immutable.",[20,116733,116734,116735,114],{},"If you just want the common ways to duplicate a list, see ",[125,116736,14546],{"href":56872},[60,116738,116740],{"id":116739},"when-deep-copy-is-safer","When deep copy is safer",[20,116742,116743],{},"A deep copy is safer when:",[30,116745,116746,116749,116752],{},[33,116747,116748],{},"your data contains nested lists, dictionaries, or sets",[33,116750,116751],{},"you need to modify inner values without changing the original",[33,116753,116754],{},"you want a fully independent duplicate",[20,116756,116757],{},"Example with a dictionary containing a list:",[65,116759,116761],{"className":67,"code":116760,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"import copy\n\noriginal = {\"scores\": [10, 20]}\nshallow = original.copy()\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[\"scores\"].append(30)\n\nprint(original)  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(shallow)   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(deep)      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[15,116762,116763,116769,116773,116799,116813,116831,116835,116857,116861,116874,116887],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,116764,116765,116767],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,116766,34748],{"class":3529},[74,116768,115532],{"class":80},[74,116770,116771],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,116772,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,116774,116775,116777,116779,116781,116783,116785,116787,116789,116791,116793,116795,116797],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,116776,11744],{"class":80},[74,116778,85],{"class":84},[74,116780,10148],{"class":106},[74,116782,122],{"class":88},[74,116784,16047],{"class":92},[74,116786,122],{"class":88},[74,116788,679],{"class":106},[74,116790,3271],{"class":106},[74,116792,1972],{"class":167},[74,116794,249],{"class":106},[74,116796,7446],{"class":167},[74,116798,13363],{"class":106},[74,116800,116801,116803,116805,116807,116809,116811],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,116802,115567],{"class":80},[74,116804,85],{"class":84},[74,116806,11819],{"class":80},[74,116808,114],{"class":106},[74,116810,12570],{"class":110},[74,116812,8299],{"class":106},[74,116814,116815,116817,116819,116821,116823,116825,116827,116829],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,116816,115587],{"class":80},[74,116818,85],{"class":84},[74,116820,115572],{"class":80},[74,116822,114],{"class":106},[74,116824,115596],{"class":110},[74,116826,107],{"class":106},[74,116828,11791],{"class":110},[74,116830,260],{"class":106},[74,116832,116833],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,116834,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,116836,116837,116839,116841,116843,116845,116847,116849,116851,116853,116855],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,116838,11791],{"class":80},[74,116840,742],{"class":106},[74,116842,122],{"class":88},[74,116844,16047],{"class":92},[74,116846,122],{"class":88},[74,116848,13207],{"class":106},[74,116850,13210],{"class":110},[74,116852,107],{"class":106},[74,116854,36498],{"class":167},[74,116856,260],{"class":106},[74,116858,116859],{"class":76,"line":6079},[74,116860,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,116862,116863,116865,116867,116869,116871],{"class":76,"line":6085},[74,116864,103],{"class":102},[74,116866,107],{"class":106},[74,116868,11791],{"class":110},[74,116870,3311],{"class":106},[74,116872,116873],{"class":3314},"  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[74,116875,116876,116878,116880,116882,116884],{"class":76,"line":6090},[74,116877,103],{"class":102},[74,116879,107],{"class":106},[74,116881,115650],{"class":110},[74,116883,3311],{"class":106},[74,116885,116886],{"class":3314},"   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[74,116888,116889,116891,116893,116895,116897],{"class":76,"line":11252},[74,116890,103],{"class":102},[74,116892,107],{"class":106},[74,116894,115664],{"class":110},[74,116896,3311],{"class":106},[74,116898,116899],{"class":3314},"      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[20,116901,116902],{},"The shallow copy still shares the inner list. The deep copy does not.",[60,116904,116906],{"id":116905},"important-limits-and-caution","Important limits and caution",[20,116908,116909],{},"Keep these points in mind:",[30,116911,116912,116915,116918,116921],{},[33,116913,116914],{},"Deep copy can be slower on large objects",[33,116916,116917],{},"Not every object copies cleanly in every situation",[33,116919,116920],{},"Copy only when you really need a separate object",[33,116922,116923],{},"Immutable values like integers and strings do not cause the same shared-mutation problem",[20,116925,116926],{},"For example, strings and integers do not behave like nested lists because they cannot be changed in place.",[65,116928,116930],{"className":67,"code":116929,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"a = 10\nb = a\n\nb = 20\n\nprint(a)  # 10\nprint(b)  # 20\n",[15,116931,116932,116940,116948,116952,116960,116964,116976],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,116933,116934,116936,116938],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,116935,2198],{"class":80},[74,116937,85],{"class":84},[74,116939,2231],{"class":167},[74,116941,116942,116944,116946],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,116943,2226],{"class":80},[74,116945,85],{"class":84},[74,116947,35831],{"class":80},[74,116949,116950],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,116951,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,116953,116954,116956,116958],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,116955,2226],{"class":80},[74,116957,85],{"class":84},[74,116959,14272],{"class":167},[74,116961,116962],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,116963,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,116965,116966,116968,116970,116972,116974],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,116967,103],{"class":102},[74,116969,107],{"class":106},[74,116971,125],{"class":110},[74,116973,3311],{"class":106},[74,116975,26449],{"class":3314},[74,116977,116978,116980,116982,116984,116986],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,116979,103],{"class":102},[74,116981,107],{"class":106},[74,116983,4412],{"class":110},[74,116985,3311],{"class":106},[74,116987,27270],{"class":3314},[20,116989,93147,116990,116993],{},[125,116991,116992],{"href":11723},"mutable vs immutable types"," matters when learning about copying.",[60,116995,914],{"id":913},[20,116997,116998],{},"These mistakes cause most copy-related bugs:",[30,117000,117001,117005,117010,117015,117018],{},[33,117002,571,117003,56436],{},[15,117004,85],{},[33,117006,571,117007,117009],{},[15,117008,55253],{}," on a nested list and expecting full independence",[33,117011,571,117012,117014],{},[15,117013,12093],{}," on a dictionary that contains lists or dictionaries",[33,117016,117017],{},"Changing an inner list after making a shallow copy",[33,117019,117020],{},"Not realizing the difference between mutable and immutable values",[20,117022,117023],{},"If something seems wrong, these checks can help:",[65,117025,117027],{"className":67,"code":117026,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(original is copied)\nprint(original == copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[0]), id(copied[0]))\nprint(type(original))\n",[15,117028,117029,117043,117057,117079,117110],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,117030,117031,117033,117035,117037,117039,117041],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,117032,103],{"class":102},[74,117034,107],{"class":106},[74,117036,11744],{"class":110},[74,117038,11852],{"class":3529},[74,117040,14042],{"class":110},[74,117042,260],{"class":106},[74,117044,117045,117047,117049,117051,117053,117055],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,117046,103],{"class":102},[74,117048,107],{"class":106},[74,117050,11744],{"class":110},[74,117052,4339],{"class":84},[74,117054,14042],{"class":110},[74,117056,260],{"class":106},[74,117058,117059,117061,117063,117065,117067,117069,117071,117073,117075,117077],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,117060,103],{"class":102},[74,117062,107],{"class":106},[74,117064,12308],{"class":102},[74,117066,107],{"class":106},[74,117068,11791],{"class":110},[74,117070,8889],{"class":106},[74,117072,14474],{"class":102},[74,117074,107],{"class":106},[74,117076,13988],{"class":110},[74,117078,130],{"class":106},[74,117080,117081,117083,117085,117087,117089,117091,117093,117095,117098,117100,117102,117104,117106,117108],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,117082,103],{"class":102},[74,117084,107],{"class":106},[74,117086,12308],{"class":102},[74,117088,107],{"class":106},[74,117090,11791],{"class":110},[74,117092,742],{"class":106},[74,117094,327],{"class":167},[74,117096,117097],{"class":106},"]),",[74,117099,14474],{"class":102},[74,117101,107],{"class":106},[74,117103,13988],{"class":110},[74,117105,742],{"class":106},[74,117107,327],{"class":167},[74,117109,2643],{"class":106},[74,117111,117112,117114,117116,117118,117120,117122],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,117113,103],{"class":102},[74,117115,107],{"class":106},[74,117117,1346],{"class":1345},[74,117119,107],{"class":106},[74,117121,11791],{"class":110},[74,117123,130],{"class":106},[20,117125,117126],{},"What they tell you:",[30,117128,117129,117134,117139,117144,117154],{},[33,117130,117131,117133],{},[15,117132,11852],{}," checks whether two names refer to the same object",[33,117135,117136,117138],{},[15,117137,4339],{}," checks whether values are equal",[33,117140,117141,117143],{},[15,117142,43143],{}," shows the identity of an object",[33,117145,117146,117147,51,117150,117153],{},"comparing ",[15,117148,117149],{},"id(original[0])",[15,117151,117152],{},"id(copied[0])"," helps detect shared inner objects",[33,117155,117156,117158],{},[15,117157,1943],{}," confirms what kind of object you are copying",[60,117160,1471],{"id":1470},[262,117162,117164],{"id":117163},"does-create-a-copy-in-python","Does = create a copy in Python?",[20,117166,117167],{},"No. It creates another reference to the same object.",[262,117169,56922],{"id":56837},[20,117171,117172],{},"No. It is a shallow copy.",[262,117174,117176],{"id":117175},"when-do-i-need-deepcopy","When do I need deepcopy()?",[20,117178,117179],{},"Use it when your object contains nested mutable values and you want full independence.",[262,117181,117183],{"id":117182},"do-strings-and-integers-need-deep-copy","Do strings and integers need deep copy?",[20,117185,117186],{},"Usually no. They are immutable, so changing one variable does not change the original value.",[262,117188,117190],{"id":117189},"why-did-changing-one-list-change-the-other","Why did changing one list change the other?",[20,117192,117193],{},"They likely share the same inner object because of assignment or a shallow copy.",[60,117195,1527],{"id":1526},[30,117197,117198,117203,117209,117215,117219],{},[33,117199,117200],{},[125,117201,117202],{"href":11723},"Mutability in Python explained: mutable vs immutable types",[33,117204,117205],{},[125,117206,3223,117207,10399],{"href":54612},[15,117208,55253],{},[33,117210,117211],{},[125,117212,3223,117213,10399],{"href":12090},[15,117214,12093],{},[33,117216,117217],{},[125,117218,14622],{"href":56872},[33,117220,117221],{},[125,117222,117223],{"href":58144},"What is a list in Python?",[1566,117225,117226],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":70,"searchDepth":99,"depth":99,"links":117228},[117229,117230,117231,117232,117233,117234,117239,117240,117241,117242,117243,117244,117251],{"id":62,"depth":99,"text":63},{"id":115684,"depth":99,"text":115685},{"id":115705,"depth":99,"text":115706},{"id":115948,"depth":99,"text":115949},{"id":116088,"depth":99,"text":116089},{"id":116204,"depth":99,"text":116205,"children":117235},[117236,117237,117238],{"id":116211,"depth":133,"text":116212},{"id":116280,"depth":133,"text":116281},{"id":116379,"depth":133,"text":116380},{"id":116493,"depth":99,"text":116494},{"id":116625,"depth":99,"text":116626},{"id":116739,"depth":99,"text":116740},{"id":116905,"depth":99,"text":116906},{"id":913,"depth":99,"text":914},{"id":1470,"depth":99,"text":1471,"children":117245},[117246,117247,117248,117249,117250],{"id":117163,"depth":133,"text":117164},{"id":56837,"depth":133,"text":56922},{"id":117175,"depth":133,"text":117176},{"id":117182,"depth":133,"text":117183},{"id":117189,"depth":133,"text":117190},{"id":1526,"depth":99,"text":1527},"Master python shallow copy vs deep copy explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":115485,"description":117252},"reference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","4P8qWKs1knuRzO-mq5pz1MvM10FXTsG04QbHQz5pkwk",{"id":117258,"title":117259,"body":117260,"description":119117,"extension":1610,"meta":119118,"navigation":407,"path":119119,"seo":119120,"stem":119121,"__hash__":119122},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained.md","Python sorted() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":117261,"toc":119075},[117262,117267,117272,117280,117282,117350,117355,117360,117375,117378,117380,117411,117413,117433,117436,117451,117453,117456,117529,117531,117576,117578,117589,117594,117598,117603,117606,117645,117647,117667,117670,117727,117729,117764,117767,117806,117808,117828,117831,117862,117864,117920,117922,117927,117998,118000,118033,118038,118043,118108,118110,118147,118150,118227,118229,118289,118296,118301,118304,118307,118388,118390,118431,118436,118439,118517,118519,118552,118561,118568,118571,118582,118585,118596,118600,118608,118617,118621,118626,118630,118635,118678,118681,118687,118690,118692,118739,118744,118748,118751,118800,118802,118823,118826,118828,118853,118856,118977,118982,118984,118989,118992,118997,119000,119008,119013,119020,119023,119031,119034,119036,119072],[10,117263,3223,117265,3227],{"id":117264},"python-sorted-function-explained",[15,117266,74063],{},[20,117268,117269,117271],{},[15,117270,74063],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns a new list in sorted order.",[20,117273,117274,117275,220,117277,117279],{},"It is useful when you want to sort values without changing the original data. Unlike ",[15,117276,77504],{},[15,117278,74063],{}," also works with many iterable types, not just lists.",[60,117281,3256],{"id":3255},[65,117283,117285],{"className":67,"code":117284,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers)     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[15,117286,117287,117307,117321,117325,117337],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,117288,117289,117291,117293,117295,117297,117299,117301,117303,117305],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,117290,3266],{"class":80},[74,117292,85],{"class":84},[74,117294,3271],{"class":106},[74,117296,321],{"class":167},[74,117298,249],{"class":106},[74,117300,5148],{"class":167},[74,117302,249],{"class":106},[74,117304,620],{"class":167},[74,117306,3284],{"class":106},[74,117308,117309,117311,117313,117315,117317,117319],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,117310,383],{"class":80},[74,117312,85],{"class":84},[74,117314,74197],{"class":102},[74,117316,107],{"class":106},[74,117318,3298],{"class":110},[74,117320,260],{"class":106},[74,117322,117323],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,117324,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,117326,117327,117329,117331,117333,117335],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,117328,103],{"class":102},[74,117330,107],{"class":106},[74,117332,418],{"class":110},[74,117334,3311],{"class":106},[74,117336,55340],{"class":3314},[74,117338,117339,117341,117343,117345,117347],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,117340,103],{"class":102},[74,117342,107],{"class":106},[74,117344,3298],{"class":110},[74,117346,3311],{"class":106},[74,117348,117349],{"class":3314},"     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[20,117351,117352,117354],{},[15,117353,74063],{}," returns a new sorted list and does not change the original object.",[60,117356,3328,117358,38],{"id":117357},"what-sorted-does",[15,117359,74063],{},[30,117361,117362,117366,117369,117372],{},[33,117363,117364,62573],{},[15,117365,74063],{},[33,117367,117368],{},"It returns a new list in sorted order.",[33,117370,117371],{},"It works with many iterable objects, not just lists.",[33,117373,117374],{},"It does not modify the original data.",[20,117376,117377],{},"This means you can use it with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterable values.",[60,117379,227],{"id":226},[65,117381,117383],{"className":67,"code":117382,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"sorted(iterable, key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,117384,117385],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,117386,117387,117389,117391,117393,117395,117397,117399,117401,117403,117405,117407,117409],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,117388,74153],{"class":102},[74,117390,107],{"class":106},[74,117392,3371],{"class":110},[74,117394,249],{"class":106},[74,117396,21235],{"class":8831},[74,117398,85],{"class":84},[74,117400,3429],{"class":3504},[74,117402,249],{"class":106},[74,117404,77707],{"class":8831},[74,117406,85],{"class":84},[74,117408,342],{"class":3504},[74,117410,260],{"class":106},[262,117412,265],{"id":264},[30,117414,117415,117420,117425],{},[33,117416,117417,117419],{},[15,117418,3371],{},": the values to sort",[33,117421,117422,117424],{},[15,117423,14499],{},": an optional function that decides how items are compared",[33,117426,117427,117429,117430,117432],{},[15,117428,73216],{},": set to ",[15,117431,338],{}," to sort in descending order",[20,117434,117435],{},"In many cases, you only need:",[65,117437,117439],{"className":67,"code":117438,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"sorted(my_values)\n",[15,117440,117441],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,117442,117443,117445,117447,117449],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,117444,74153],{"class":102},[74,117446,107],{"class":106},[74,117448,59955],{"class":110},[74,117450,260],{"class":106},[60,117452,357],{"id":356},[20,117454,117455],{},"Here is a basic example with numbers:",[65,117457,117459],{"className":67,"code":117458,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [5, 2, 8, 1]\n\nsorted_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(sorted_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,117460,117461,117485,117489,117504,117508,117519],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,117462,117463,117465,117467,117469,117471,117473,117475,117477,117479,117481,117483],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,117464,3266],{"class":80},[74,117466,85],{"class":84},[74,117468,3271],{"class":106},[74,117470,711],{"class":167},[74,117472,249],{"class":106},[74,117474,620],{"class":167},[74,117476,249],{"class":106},[74,117478,6012],{"class":167},[74,117480,249],{"class":106},[74,117482,5148],{"class":167},[74,117484,3284],{"class":106},[74,117486,117487],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,117488,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,117490,117491,117494,117496,117498,117500,117502],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,117492,117493],{"class":80},"sorted_numbers ",[74,117495,85],{"class":84},[74,117497,74197],{"class":102},[74,117499,107],{"class":106},[74,117501,3298],{"class":110},[74,117503,260],{"class":106},[74,117505,117506],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,117507,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,117509,117510,117512,117514,117517],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,117511,103],{"class":102},[74,117513,107],{"class":106},[74,117515,117516],{"class":110},"sorted_numbers",[74,117518,260],{"class":106},[74,117520,117521,117523,117525,117527],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,117522,103],{"class":102},[74,117524,107],{"class":106},[74,117526,3298],{"class":110},[74,117528,260],{"class":106},[20,117530,157],{},[65,117532,117534],{"className":67,"code":117533,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"[1, 2, 5, 8]\n[5, 2, 8, 1]\n",[15,117535,117536,117556],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,117537,117538,117540,117542,117544,117546,117548,117550,117552,117554],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,117539,742],{"class":106},[74,117541,2632],{"class":167},[74,117543,249],{"class":106},[74,117545,620],{"class":167},[74,117547,249],{"class":106},[74,117549,651],{"class":167},[74,117551,249],{"class":106},[74,117553,6012],{"class":167},[74,117555,3284],{"class":106},[74,117557,117558,117560,117562,117564,117566,117568,117570,117572,117574],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,117559,742],{"class":106},[74,117561,711],{"class":167},[74,117563,249],{"class":106},[74,117565,620],{"class":167},[74,117567,249],{"class":106},[74,117569,6012],{"class":167},[74,117571,249],{"class":106},[74,117573,5148],{"class":167},[74,117575,3284],{"class":106},[20,117577,13420],{},[30,117579,117580,117585],{},[33,117581,117582,117584],{},[15,117583,117516],{}," is a new sorted list",[33,117586,117587,112121],{},[15,117588,3298],{},[20,117590,117591,117592,114],{},"If you want to sort a list in place instead, see ",[125,117593,78014],{"href":78013},[60,117595,117597],{"id":117596},"sorting-different-iterable-types","Sorting different iterable types",[20,117599,117600,117602],{},[15,117601,74063],{}," works with more than lists. The result is always a new list.",[262,117604,117605],{"id":7751},"List",[65,117607,117609],{"className":67,"code":117608,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,117610,117611,117631],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,117612,117613,117615,117617,117619,117621,117623,117625,117627,117629],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,117614,3266],{"class":80},[74,117616,85],{"class":84},[74,117618,3271],{"class":106},[74,117620,321],{"class":167},[74,117622,249],{"class":106},[74,117624,5148],{"class":167},[74,117626,249],{"class":106},[74,117628,620],{"class":167},[74,117630,3284],{"class":106},[74,117632,117633,117635,117637,117639,117641,117643],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,117634,103],{"class":102},[74,117636,107],{"class":106},[74,117638,74153],{"class":102},[74,117640,107],{"class":106},[74,117642,3298],{"class":110},[74,117644,130],{"class":106},[20,117646,157],{},[65,117648,117649],{"className":67,"code":54802,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,117650,117651],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,117652,117653,117655,117657,117659,117661,117663,117665],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,117654,742],{"class":106},[74,117656,2632],{"class":167},[74,117658,249],{"class":106},[74,117660,620],{"class":167},[74,117662,249],{"class":106},[74,117664,2094],{"class":167},[74,117666,3284],{"class":106},[262,117668,117669],{"id":48605},"Tuple",[65,117671,117673],{"className":67,"code":117672,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"values = (3, 1, 2)\nprint(sorted(values))\nprint(type(sorted(values)))\n",[15,117674,117675,117695,117709],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,117676,117677,117679,117681,117683,117685,117687,117689,117691,117693],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,117678,3474],{"class":80},[74,117680,85],{"class":84},[74,117682,8892],{"class":106},[74,117684,321],{"class":167},[74,117686,249],{"class":106},[74,117688,5148],{"class":167},[74,117690,249],{"class":106},[74,117692,620],{"class":167},[74,117694,260],{"class":106},[74,117696,117697,117699,117701,117703,117705,117707],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,117698,103],{"class":102},[74,117700,107],{"class":106},[74,117702,74153],{"class":102},[74,117704,107],{"class":106},[74,117706,5008],{"class":110},[74,117708,130],{"class":106},[74,117710,117711,117713,117715,117717,117719,117721,117723,117725],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,117712,103],{"class":102},[74,117714,107],{"class":106},[74,117716,1346],{"class":1345},[74,117718,107],{"class":106},[74,117720,74153],{"class":102},[74,117722,107],{"class":106},[74,117724,5008],{"class":110},[74,117726,2555],{"class":106},[20,117728,157],{},[65,117730,117732],{"className":67,"code":117731,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,117733,117734,117750],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,117735,117736,117738,117740,117742,117744,117746,117748],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,117737,742],{"class":106},[74,117739,2632],{"class":167},[74,117741,249],{"class":106},[74,117743,620],{"class":167},[74,117745,249],{"class":106},[74,117747,2094],{"class":167},[74,117749,3284],{"class":106},[74,117751,117752,117754,117756,117758,117760,117762],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,117753,2935],{"class":84},[74,117755,2938],{"class":1711},[74,117757,2941],{"class":88},[74,117759,7751],{"class":92},[74,117761,2946],{"class":88},[74,117763,2949],{"class":84},[262,117765,117766],{"id":5939},"Set",[65,117768,117770],{"className":67,"code":117769,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"values = {3, 1, 2}\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,117771,117772,117792],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,117773,117774,117776,117778,117780,117782,117784,117786,117788,117790],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,117775,3474],{"class":80},[74,117777,85],{"class":84},[74,117779,10148],{"class":106},[74,117781,321],{"class":167},[74,117783,249],{"class":106},[74,117785,5148],{"class":167},[74,117787,249],{"class":106},[74,117789,620],{"class":167},[74,117791,8965],{"class":106},[74,117793,117794,117796,117798,117800,117802,117804],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,117795,103],{"class":102},[74,117797,107],{"class":106},[74,117799,74153],{"class":102},[74,117801,107],{"class":106},[74,117803,5008],{"class":110},[74,117805,130],{"class":106},[20,117807,157],{},[65,117809,117810],{"className":67,"code":54802,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,117811,117812],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,117813,117814,117816,117818,117820,117822,117824,117826],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,117815,742],{"class":106},[74,117817,2632],{"class":167},[74,117819,249],{"class":106},[74,117821,620],{"class":167},[74,117823,249],{"class":106},[74,117825,2094],{"class":167},[74,117827,3284],{"class":106},[262,117829,117830],{"id":237},"String",[65,117832,117834],{"className":67,"code":117833,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"python\"\nprint(sorted(text))\n",[15,117835,117836,117848],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,117837,117838,117840,117842,117844,117846],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,117839,81],{"class":80},[74,117841,85],{"class":84},[74,117843,89],{"class":88},[74,117845,69],{"class":92},[74,117847,96],{"class":88},[74,117849,117850,117852,117854,117856,117858,117860],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,117851,103],{"class":102},[74,117853,107],{"class":106},[74,117855,74153],{"class":102},[74,117857,107],{"class":106},[74,117859,111],{"class":110},[74,117861,130],{"class":106},[20,117863,157],{},[65,117865,117866],{"className":67,"code":79031,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,117867,117868],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,117869,117870,117872,117874,117876,117878,117880,117882,117884,117886,117888,117890,117892,117894,117896,117898,117900,117902,117904,117906,117908,117910,117912,117914,117916,117918],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,117871,742],{"class":106},[74,117873,2946],{"class":88},[74,117875,60086],{"class":92},[74,117877,2946],{"class":88},[74,117879,249],{"class":106},[74,117881,2941],{"class":88},[74,117883,75668],{"class":92},[74,117885,2946],{"class":88},[74,117887,249],{"class":106},[74,117889,2941],{"class":88},[74,117891,60121],{"class":92},[74,117893,2946],{"class":88},[74,117895,249],{"class":106},[74,117897,2941],{"class":88},[74,117899,20],{"class":92},[74,117901,2946],{"class":88},[74,117903,249],{"class":106},[74,117905,2941],{"class":88},[74,117907,62934],{"class":92},[74,117909,2946],{"class":88},[74,117911,249],{"class":106},[74,117913,2941],{"class":88},[74,117915,11403],{"class":92},[74,117917,2946],{"class":88},[74,117919,3284],{"class":106},[262,117921,28878],{"id":15262},[20,117923,63187,117924,117926],{},[15,117925,74063],{},", Python sorts the dictionary keys.",[65,117928,117930],{"className":67,"code":117929,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nprint(sorted(person))\n",[15,117931,117932,117984],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,117933,117934,117936,117938,117940,117942,117944,117946,117948,117950,117952,117954,117956,117958,117960,117962,117964,117966,117968,117970,117972,117974,117976,117978,117980,117982],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,117935,12861],{"class":80},[74,117937,85],{"class":84},[74,117939,10148],{"class":106},[74,117941,122],{"class":88},[74,117943,7323],{"class":92},[74,117945,122],{"class":88},[74,117947,679],{"class":106},[74,117949,89],{"class":88},[74,117951,12539],{"class":92},[74,117953,122],{"class":88},[74,117955,249],{"class":106},[74,117957,89],{"class":88},[74,117959,8955],{"class":92},[74,117961,122],{"class":88},[74,117963,679],{"class":106},[74,117965,7446],{"class":167},[74,117967,249],{"class":106},[74,117969,89],{"class":88},[74,117971,10066],{"class":92},[74,117973,122],{"class":88},[74,117975,679],{"class":106},[74,117977,89],{"class":88},[74,117979,15689],{"class":92},[74,117981,122],{"class":88},[74,117983,8965],{"class":106},[74,117985,117986,117988,117990,117992,117994,117996],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,117987,103],{"class":102},[74,117989,107],{"class":106},[74,117991,74153],{"class":102},[74,117993,107],{"class":106},[74,117995,16965],{"class":110},[74,117997,130],{"class":106},[20,117999,157],{},[65,118001,118003],{"className":67,"code":118002,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"['age', 'city', 'name']\n",[15,118004,118005],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,118006,118007,118009,118011,118013,118015,118017,118019,118021,118023,118025,118027,118029,118031],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,118008,742],{"class":106},[74,118010,2946],{"class":88},[74,118012,8955],{"class":92},[74,118014,2946],{"class":88},[74,118016,249],{"class":106},[74,118018,2941],{"class":88},[74,118020,10066],{"class":92},[74,118022,2946],{"class":88},[74,118024,249],{"class":106},[74,118026,2941],{"class":88},[74,118028,7323],{"class":92},[74,118030,2946],{"class":88},[74,118032,3284],{"class":106},[60,118034,571,118036],{"id":118035},"using-reversetrue",[15,118037,77728],{},[20,118039,176,118040,118042],{},[15,118041,77728],{}," when you want descending order instead of ascending order.",[65,118044,118046],{"className":67,"code":118045,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n",[15,118047,118048,118068,118072,118086],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,118049,118050,118052,118054,118056,118058,118060,118062,118064,118066],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,118051,3266],{"class":80},[74,118053,85],{"class":84},[74,118055,3271],{"class":106},[74,118057,321],{"class":167},[74,118059,249],{"class":106},[74,118061,5148],{"class":167},[74,118063,249],{"class":106},[74,118065,620],{"class":167},[74,118067,3284],{"class":106},[74,118069,118070],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,118071,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,118073,118074,118076,118078,118080,118082,118084],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,118075,103],{"class":102},[74,118077,107],{"class":106},[74,118079,74153],{"class":102},[74,118081,107],{"class":106},[74,118083,3298],{"class":110},[74,118085,130],{"class":106},[74,118087,118088,118090,118092,118094,118096,118098,118100,118102,118104,118106],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,118089,103],{"class":102},[74,118091,107],{"class":106},[74,118093,74153],{"class":102},[74,118095,107],{"class":106},[74,118097,3298],{"class":110},[74,118099,249],{"class":106},[74,118101,77707],{"class":8831},[74,118103,85],{"class":84},[74,118105,338],{"class":3504},[74,118107,130],{"class":106},[20,118109,157],{},[65,118111,118113],{"className":67,"code":118112,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"[1, 2, 3]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,118114,118115,118131],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,118116,118117,118119,118121,118123,118125,118127,118129],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,118118,742],{"class":106},[74,118120,2632],{"class":167},[74,118122,249],{"class":106},[74,118124,620],{"class":167},[74,118126,249],{"class":106},[74,118128,2094],{"class":167},[74,118130,3284],{"class":106},[74,118132,118133,118135,118137,118139,118141,118143,118145],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,118134,742],{"class":106},[74,118136,321],{"class":167},[74,118138,249],{"class":106},[74,118140,620],{"class":167},[74,118142,249],{"class":106},[74,118144,5148],{"class":167},[74,118146,3284],{"class":106},[20,118148,118149],{},"This also works with strings:",[65,118151,118153],{"className":67,"code":118152,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words))\nprint(sorted(words, reverse=True))\n",[15,118154,118155,118187,118191,118205],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,118156,118157,118159,118161,118163,118165,118167,118169,118171,118173,118175,118177,118179,118181,118183,118185],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,118158,3722],{"class":80},[74,118160,85],{"class":84},[74,118162,3271],{"class":106},[74,118164,122],{"class":88},[74,118166,376],{"class":92},[74,118168,122],{"class":88},[74,118170,249],{"class":106},[74,118172,89],{"class":88},[74,118174,93],{"class":92},[74,118176,122],{"class":88},[74,118178,249],{"class":106},[74,118180,89],{"class":88},[74,118182,3747],{"class":92},[74,118184,122],{"class":88},[74,118186,3284],{"class":106},[74,118188,118189],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,118190,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,118192,118193,118195,118197,118199,118201,118203],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,118194,103],{"class":102},[74,118196,107],{"class":106},[74,118198,74153],{"class":102},[74,118200,107],{"class":106},[74,118202,3764],{"class":110},[74,118204,130],{"class":106},[74,118206,118207,118209,118211,118213,118215,118217,118219,118221,118223,118225],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,118208,103],{"class":102},[74,118210,107],{"class":106},[74,118212,74153],{"class":102},[74,118214,107],{"class":106},[74,118216,3764],{"class":110},[74,118218,249],{"class":106},[74,118220,77707],{"class":8831},[74,118222,85],{"class":84},[74,118224,338],{"class":3504},[74,118226,130],{"class":106},[20,118228,157],{},[65,118230,118231],{"className":67,"code":73797,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,118232,118233,118261],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,118234,118235,118237,118239,118241,118243,118245,118247,118249,118251,118253,118255,118257,118259],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,118236,742],{"class":106},[74,118238,2946],{"class":88},[74,118240,376],{"class":92},[74,118242,2946],{"class":88},[74,118244,249],{"class":106},[74,118246,2941],{"class":88},[74,118248,93],{"class":92},[74,118250,2946],{"class":88},[74,118252,249],{"class":106},[74,118254,2941],{"class":88},[74,118256,3747],{"class":92},[74,118258,2946],{"class":88},[74,118260,3284],{"class":106},[74,118262,118263,118265,118267,118269,118271,118273,118275,118277,118279,118281,118283,118285,118287],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,118264,742],{"class":106},[74,118266,2946],{"class":88},[74,118268,3747],{"class":92},[74,118270,2946],{"class":88},[74,118272,249],{"class":106},[74,118274,2941],{"class":88},[74,118276,93],{"class":92},[74,118278,2946],{"class":88},[74,118280,249],{"class":106},[74,118282,2941],{"class":88},[74,118284,376],{"class":92},[74,118286,2946],{"class":88},[74,118288,3284],{"class":106},[60,118290,571,118292,118295],{"id":118291},"using-key-for-custom-sorting",[15,118293,118294],{},"key="," for custom sorting",[20,118297,1627,118298,118300],{},[15,118299,118294],{}," argument lets you control how values are sorted.",[20,118302,118303],{},"Python applies the key function to each item, then sorts based on the result.",[20,118305,118306],{},"A beginner-friendly example is sorting words by length:",[65,118308,118310],{"className":67,"code":118309,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"words = [\"pear\", \"fig\", \"banana\", \"kiwi\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=len)\nprint(result)\n",[15,118311,118312,118352,118356,118378],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,118313,118314,118316,118318,118320,118322,118324,118326,118328,118330,118332,118334,118336,118338,118340,118342,118344,118346,118348,118350],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,118315,3722],{"class":80},[74,118317,85],{"class":84},[74,118319,3271],{"class":106},[74,118321,122],{"class":88},[74,118323,78381],{"class":92},[74,118325,122],{"class":88},[74,118327,249],{"class":106},[74,118329,89],{"class":88},[74,118331,38014],{"class":92},[74,118333,122],{"class":88},[74,118335,249],{"class":106},[74,118337,89],{"class":88},[74,118339,93],{"class":92},[74,118341,122],{"class":88},[74,118343,249],{"class":106},[74,118345,89],{"class":88},[74,118347,37997],{"class":92},[74,118349,122],{"class":88},[74,118351,3284],{"class":106},[74,118353,118354],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,118355,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,118357,118358,118360,118362,118364,118366,118368,118370,118372,118374,118376],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,118359,383],{"class":80},[74,118361,85],{"class":84},[74,118363,74197],{"class":102},[74,118365,107],{"class":106},[74,118367,3764],{"class":110},[74,118369,249],{"class":106},[74,118371,21235],{"class":8831},[74,118373,85],{"class":84},[74,118375,10820],{"class":102},[74,118377,260],{"class":106},[74,118379,118380,118382,118384,118386],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,118381,103],{"class":102},[74,118383,107],{"class":106},[74,118385,418],{"class":110},[74,118387,260],{"class":106},[20,118389,157],{},[65,118391,118393],{"className":67,"code":118392,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"['fig', 'pear', 'kiwi', 'banana']\n",[15,118394,118395],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,118396,118397,118399,118401,118403,118405,118407,118409,118411,118413,118415,118417,118419,118421,118423,118425,118427,118429],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,118398,742],{"class":106},[74,118400,2946],{"class":88},[74,118402,38014],{"class":92},[74,118404,2946],{"class":88},[74,118406,249],{"class":106},[74,118408,2941],{"class":88},[74,118410,78381],{"class":92},[74,118412,2946],{"class":88},[74,118414,249],{"class":106},[74,118416,2941],{"class":88},[74,118418,37997],{"class":92},[74,118420,2946],{"class":88},[74,118422,249],{"class":106},[74,118424,2941],{"class":88},[74,118426,93],{"class":92},[74,118428,2946],{"class":88},[74,118430,3284],{"class":106},[20,118432,20426,118433,118435],{},[15,118434,10820],{}," is used as the key function, so the words are sorted by length.",[20,118437,118438],{},"Another common example is sorting text without caring about uppercase and lowercase letters:",[65,118440,118442],{"className":67,"code":118441,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=str.lower)\nprint(result)\n",[15,118443,118444,118477,118481,118507],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,118445,118446,118448,118450,118452,118454,118456,118458,118460,118462,118464,118466,118468,118470,118473,118475],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,118447,3722],{"class":80},[74,118449,85],{"class":84},[74,118451,3271],{"class":106},[74,118453,122],{"class":88},[74,118455,83000],{"class":92},[74,118457,122],{"class":88},[74,118459,249],{"class":106},[74,118461,89],{"class":88},[74,118463,376],{"class":92},[74,118465,122],{"class":88},[74,118467,249],{"class":106},[74,118469,89],{"class":88},[74,118471,118472],{"class":92},"Cherry",[74,118474,122],{"class":88},[74,118476,3284],{"class":106},[74,118478,118479],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,118480,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,118482,118483,118485,118487,118489,118491,118493,118495,118497,118499,118501,118503,118505],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,118484,383],{"class":80},[74,118486,85],{"class":84},[74,118488,74197],{"class":102},[74,118490,107],{"class":106},[74,118492,3764],{"class":110},[74,118494,249],{"class":106},[74,118496,21235],{"class":8831},[74,118498,85],{"class":84},[74,118500,3090],{"class":1345},[74,118502,114],{"class":106},[74,118504,885],{"class":24406},[74,118506,260],{"class":106},[74,118508,118509,118511,118513,118515],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,118510,103],{"class":102},[74,118512,107],{"class":106},[74,118514,418],{"class":110},[74,118516,260],{"class":106},[20,118518,157],{},[65,118520,118522],{"className":67,"code":118521,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,118523,118524],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,118525,118526,118528,118530,118532,118534,118536,118538,118540,118542,118544,118546,118548,118550],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,118527,742],{"class":106},[74,118529,2946],{"class":88},[74,118531,376],{"class":92},[74,118533,2946],{"class":88},[74,118535,249],{"class":106},[74,118537,2941],{"class":88},[74,118539,83000],{"class":92},[74,118541,2946],{"class":88},[74,118543,249],{"class":106},[74,118545,2941],{"class":88},[74,118547,118472],{"class":92},[74,118549,2946],{"class":88},[74,118551,3284],{"class":106},[20,118553,118554,118555,34987,118557,114],{},"You can learn more about ",[15,118556,42016],{},[125,118558,3223,118559,3156],{"href":42013},[15,118560,42016],{},[60,118562,118564,10243,118566],{"id":118563},"sorted-vs-listsort",[15,118565,74063],{},[15,118567,77504],{},[20,118569,118570],{},"The main difference is this:",[30,118572,118573,118578],{},[33,118574,118575,118577],{},[15,118576,74063],{}," returns a new list",[33,118579,118580,73601],{},[15,118581,77504],{},[20,118583,118584],{},"Also:",[30,118586,118587,118592],{},[33,118588,118589,118591],{},[15,118590,74063],{}," works with many iterables",[33,118593,118594,78937],{},[15,118595,77504],{},[20,118597,176,118598,10259],{},[15,118599,74063],{},[30,118601,118602,118605],{},[33,118603,118604],{},"you want to keep the original data unchanged",[33,118606,118607],{},"your data is not a list",[20,118609,118610,118611,114],{},"For a full side-by-side comparison, see ",[125,118612,3223,118613,10243,118615,5434],{"href":78762},[15,118614,74063],{},[15,118616,77504],{},[60,118618,118620],{"id":118619},"what-can-cause-errors","What can cause errors",[20,118622,118623,118624,114],{},"A few common problems happen when using ",[15,118625,74063],{},[262,118627,118629],{"id":118628},"mixing-values-that-cannot-be-compared","Mixing values that cannot be compared",[20,118631,118632,118633,679],{},"This can raise a ",[15,118634,2649],{},[65,118636,118638],{"className":67,"code":118637,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"values = [1, \"2\", 3]\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,118639,118640,118664],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,118641,118642,118644,118646,118648,118650,118652,118654,118656,118658,118660,118662],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,118643,3474],{"class":80},[74,118645,85],{"class":84},[74,118647,3271],{"class":106},[74,118649,2632],{"class":167},[74,118651,249],{"class":106},[74,118653,89],{"class":88},[74,118655,687],{"class":92},[74,118657,122],{"class":88},[74,118659,249],{"class":106},[74,118661,2094],{"class":167},[74,118663,3284],{"class":106},[74,118665,118666,118668,118670,118672,118674,118676],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,118667,103],{"class":102},[74,118669,107],{"class":106},[74,118671,74153],{"class":102},[74,118673,107],{"class":106},[74,118675,5008],{"class":110},[74,118677,130],{"class":106},[20,118679,118680],{},"Python cannot sort integers and strings together in the normal way.",[262,118682,118684,118685,1944],{"id":118683},"using-the-wrong-key-function","Using the wrong ",[15,118686,14499],{},[20,118688,118689],{},"If your key function does something invalid for the item type, you may get an error.",[20,118691,506],{},[65,118693,118695],{"className":67,"code":118694,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [10, 2, 30]\nprint(sorted(numbers, key=len))\n",[15,118696,118697,118717],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,118698,118699,118701,118703,118705,118707,118709,118711,118713,118715],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,118700,3266],{"class":80},[74,118702,85],{"class":84},[74,118704,3271],{"class":106},[74,118706,1972],{"class":167},[74,118708,249],{"class":106},[74,118710,620],{"class":167},[74,118712,249],{"class":106},[74,118714,7451],{"class":167},[74,118716,3284],{"class":106},[74,118718,118719,118721,118723,118725,118727,118729,118731,118733,118735,118737],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,118720,103],{"class":102},[74,118722,107],{"class":106},[74,118724,74153],{"class":102},[74,118726,107],{"class":106},[74,118728,3298],{"class":110},[74,118730,249],{"class":106},[74,118732,21235],{"class":8831},[74,118734,85],{"class":84},[74,118736,10820],{"class":102},[74,118738,130],{"class":106},[20,118740,48162,118741,118743],{},[15,118742,42016],{}," does not work on integers.",[262,118745,118747],{"id":118746},"expecting-the-original-list-to-change","Expecting the original list to change",[20,118749,118750],{},"This is not a syntax error, but it is a very common beginner mistake:",[65,118752,118754],{"className":67,"code":118753,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,118755,118756,118776,118786,118790],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,118757,118758,118760,118762,118764,118766,118768,118770,118772,118774],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,118759,3266],{"class":80},[74,118761,85],{"class":84},[74,118763,3271],{"class":106},[74,118765,321],{"class":167},[74,118767,249],{"class":106},[74,118769,5148],{"class":167},[74,118771,249],{"class":106},[74,118773,620],{"class":167},[74,118775,3284],{"class":106},[74,118777,118778,118780,118782,118784],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,118779,74153],{"class":102},[74,118781,107],{"class":106},[74,118783,3298],{"class":110},[74,118785,260],{"class":106},[74,118787,118788],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,118789,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,118791,118792,118794,118796,118798],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,118793,103],{"class":102},[74,118795,107],{"class":106},[74,118797,3298],{"class":110},[74,118799,260],{"class":106},[20,118801,157],{},[65,118803,118805],{"className":67,"code":118804,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"[3, 1, 2]\n",[15,118806,118807],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,118808,118809,118811,118813,118815,118817,118819,118821],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,118810,742],{"class":106},[74,118812,321],{"class":167},[74,118814,249],{"class":106},[74,118816,5148],{"class":167},[74,118818,249],{"class":106},[74,118820,620],{"class":167},[74,118822,3284],{"class":106},[20,118824,118825],{},"If you do not save the result, the original list stays the same.",[60,118827,914],{"id":913},[30,118829,118830,118834,118837,118842,118846],{},[33,118831,4231,118832,73601],{},[15,118833,74063],{},[33,118835,118836],{},"Trying to sort mixed types like integers and strings together",[33,118838,4355,118839,118841],{},[15,118840,74063],{}," always returns a list",[33,118843,571,118844,22759],{},[15,118845,118294],{},[33,118847,29305,118848,118850,118851],{},[15,118849,63958],{}," on a non-list object instead of using ",[15,118852,74063],{},[20,118854,118855],{},"These quick checks can help while debugging:",[65,118857,118859],{"className":67,"code":118858,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(sorted([3, 1, 2]))\nprint(type(sorted((3, 1, 2))))\nprint(sorted(['Banana', 'apple'], key=str.lower))\nprint(sorted([3, 1, 2], reverse=True))\n",[15,118860,118861,118883,118909,118947],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,118862,118863,118865,118867,118869,118871,118873,118875,118877,118879,118881],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,118864,103],{"class":102},[74,118866,107],{"class":106},[74,118868,74153],{"class":102},[74,118870,2629],{"class":106},[74,118872,321],{"class":167},[74,118874,249],{"class":106},[74,118876,5148],{"class":167},[74,118878,249],{"class":106},[74,118880,620],{"class":167},[74,118882,2643],{"class":106},[74,118884,118885,118887,118889,118891,118893,118895,118897,118899,118901,118903,118905,118907],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,118886,103],{"class":102},[74,118888,107],{"class":106},[74,118890,1346],{"class":1345},[74,118892,107],{"class":106},[74,118894,74153],{"class":102},[74,118896,5161],{"class":106},[74,118898,321],{"class":167},[74,118900,249],{"class":106},[74,118902,5148],{"class":167},[74,118904,249],{"class":106},[74,118906,620],{"class":167},[74,118908,93003],{"class":106},[74,118910,118911,118913,118915,118917,118919,118921,118923,118925,118927,118929,118931,118933,118935,118937,118939,118941,118943,118945],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,118912,103],{"class":102},[74,118914,107],{"class":106},[74,118916,74153],{"class":102},[74,118918,2629],{"class":106},[74,118920,2946],{"class":88},[74,118922,83000],{"class":92},[74,118924,2946],{"class":88},[74,118926,249],{"class":106},[74,118928,2941],{"class":88},[74,118930,376],{"class":92},[74,118932,2946],{"class":88},[74,118934,17717],{"class":106},[74,118936,21235],{"class":8831},[74,118938,85],{"class":84},[74,118940,3090],{"class":1345},[74,118942,114],{"class":106},[74,118944,885],{"class":24406},[74,118946,130],{"class":106},[74,118948,118949,118951,118953,118955,118957,118959,118961,118963,118965,118967,118969,118971,118973,118975],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,118950,103],{"class":102},[74,118952,107],{"class":106},[74,118954,74153],{"class":102},[74,118956,2629],{"class":106},[74,118958,321],{"class":167},[74,118960,249],{"class":106},[74,118962,5148],{"class":167},[74,118964,249],{"class":106},[74,118966,620],{"class":167},[74,118968,17717],{"class":106},[74,118970,77707],{"class":8831},[74,118972,85],{"class":84},[74,118974,338],{"class":3504},[74,118976,130],{"class":106},[20,118978,118979,118980,114],{},"If Python raises an error because values cannot be compared, that is often a type problem in your data. You may also want to review common list behavior in ",[125,118981,52423],{"href":50631},[60,118983,1471],{"id":1470},[262,118985,1517,118987,56816],{"id":118986},"does-sorted-change-the-original-list",[15,118988,74063],{},[20,118990,118991],{},"No. It returns a new sorted list and leaves the original list unchanged.",[262,118993,1495,118995,12374],{"id":118994},"what-does-sorted-return",[15,118996,74063],{},[20,118998,118999],{},"It always returns a new list, even if you sort a tuple, set, or string.",[262,119001,119003,119004,10750,119006,2135],{"id":119002},"when-should-i-use-sorted-instead-of-listsort","When should I use ",[15,119005,74063],{},[15,119007,77504],{},[20,119009,176,119010,119012],{},[15,119011,74063],{}," when you want a new list or when your data is not a list.",[262,119014,1495,119016,86088,119018,2135],{"id":119015},"what-does-key-do-in-sorted",[15,119017,118294],{},[15,119019,74063],{},[20,119021,119022],{},"It tells Python what value to use when comparing each item during sorting.",[262,119024,4808,119026,119028,119029,2135],{"id":119025},"why-does-sorted-give-a-typeerror",[15,119027,74063],{}," give a ",[15,119030,2649],{},[20,119032,119033],{},"Usually because the items cannot be compared directly, such as mixing strings and integers.",[60,119035,1527],{"id":1526},[30,119037,119038,119042,119050,119054,119060,119066],{},[33,119039,119040],{},[125,119041,79510],{"href":78013},[33,119043,119044],{},[125,119045,3223,119046,10243,119048,5434],{"href":78762},[15,119047,74063],{},[15,119049,77504],{},[33,119051,119052],{},[125,119053,52423],{"href":50631},[33,119055,119056],{},[125,119057,3223,119058,3156],{"href":42013},[15,119059,42016],{},[33,119061,119062],{},[125,119063,3223,119064,3156],{"href":91659},[15,119065,35406],{},[33,119067,119068],{},[125,119069,3223,119070,3156],{"href":35851},[15,119071,35854],{},[1566,119073,119074],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":70,"searchDepth":99,"depth":99,"links":119076},[119077,119078,119080,119083,119084,119091,119093,119095,119097,119103,119104,119116],{"id":3255,"depth":99,"text":3256},{"id":117357,"depth":99,"text":119079},"What sorted() does",{"id":226,"depth":99,"text":227,"children":119081},[119082],{"id":264,"depth":133,"text":265},{"id":356,"depth":99,"text":357},{"id":117596,"depth":99,"text":117597,"children":119085},[119086,119087,119088,119089,119090],{"id":7751,"depth":133,"text":117605},{"id":48605,"depth":133,"text":117669},{"id":5939,"depth":133,"text":117766},{"id":237,"depth":133,"text":117830},{"id":15262,"depth":133,"text":28878},{"id":118035,"depth":99,"text":119092},"Using reverse=True",{"id":118291,"depth":99,"text":119094},"Using key= for custom sorting",{"id":118563,"depth":99,"text":119096},"sorted() vs list.sort()",{"id":118619,"depth":99,"text":118620,"children":119098},[119099,119100,119102],{"id":118628,"depth":133,"text":118629},{"id":118683,"depth":133,"text":119101},"Using the wrong key function",{"id":118746,"depth":133,"text":118747},{"id":913,"depth":99,"text":914},{"id":1470,"depth":99,"text":1471,"children":119105},[119106,119108,119110,119112,119114],{"id":118986,"depth":133,"text":119107},"Does sorted() change the original list?",{"id":118994,"depth":133,"text":119109},"What does sorted() return?",{"id":119002,"depth":133,"text":119111},"When should I use sorted() instead of list.sort()?",{"id":119015,"depth":133,"text":119113},"What does key= do in sorted()?",{"id":119025,"depth":133,"text":119115},"Why does sorted() give a TypeError?",{"id":1526,"depth":99,"text":1527},"Master python sorted function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained",{"title":117259,"description":119117},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained","LQH2I83gor3v6qTZiOQhBtX1q59uADx_8T7BkBYcca8",{"id":119124,"title":119125,"body":119126,"description":121237,"extension":1610,"meta":121238,"navigation":407,"path":78762,"seo":121239,"stem":121240,"__hash__":121241},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained.md","Python sorted() vs list.sort() Explained",{"type":7,"value":119127,"toc":121184},[119128,119135,119138,119148,119154,119157,119175,119183,119185,119244,119252,119256,119278,119282,119286,119288,119305,119307,119319,119325,119409,119413,119460,119466,119473,119477,119482,119484,119496,119501,119554,119558,119578,119585,119592,119596,119599,119618,119622,119736,119740,119810,119812,119824,119829,119833,119846,119850,119925,119929,119968,119975,119981,119986,119990,120004,120008,120073,120077,120110,120113,120118,120126,120133,120146,120149,120153,120236,120240,120277,120281,120384,120388,120449,120454,120461,120465,120468,120474,120477,120544,120548,120572,120574,120592,120599,120652,120656,120676,120682,120684,120741,120748,120774,120779,120784,120792,120798,120858,120862,120909,120912,120914,120917,120943,120946,121039,121041,121061,121065,121068,121086,121092,121094,121102,121107,121114,121117,121123,121126,121132,121140,121148,121153,121155,121181],[10,119129,3223,119131,10243,119133,92717],{"id":119130},"python-sorted-vs-listsort-explained",[15,119132,74063],{},[15,119134,77504],{},[20,119136,119137],{},"Python gives you two common ways to sort values:",[30,119139,119140,119144],{},[33,119141,119142],{},[15,119143,74063],{},[33,119145,119146],{},[15,119147,77504],{},[20,119149,119150,119151,119153],{},"They look similar, but they do ",[332,119152,334],{}," behave the same way.",[20,119155,119156],{},"The main difference is simple:",[30,119158,119159,119167],{},[33,119160,176,119161,119163,119164],{},[15,119162,74063],{}," when you want a ",[332,119165,119166],{},"new sorted result",[33,119168,176,119169,119171,119172],{},[15,119170,77504],{}," when you want to ",[332,119173,119174],{},"change the original list",[20,119176,119177,119178,2039,119180,119182],{},"This matters a lot for beginners, especially when ",[15,119179,77504],{},[15,119181,3429],{}," and causes confusion.",[60,119184,3256],{"id":3255},[65,119186,119188],{"className":67,"code":119187,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)   # returns a new sorted list\nnumbers.sort()              # sorts the original list in place\n",[15,119189,119190,119210,119214,119231],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,119191,119192,119194,119196,119198,119200,119202,119204,119206,119208],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,119193,3266],{"class":80},[74,119195,85],{"class":84},[74,119197,3271],{"class":106},[74,119199,321],{"class":167},[74,119201,249],{"class":106},[74,119203,5148],{"class":167},[74,119205,249],{"class":106},[74,119207,620],{"class":167},[74,119209,3284],{"class":106},[74,119211,119212],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,119213,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,119215,119216,119218,119220,119222,119224,119226,119228],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,119217,55542],{"class":80},[74,119219,85],{"class":84},[74,119221,74197],{"class":102},[74,119223,107],{"class":106},[74,119225,3298],{"class":110},[74,119227,3311],{"class":106},[74,119229,119230],{"class":3314},"   # returns a new sorted list\n",[74,119232,119233,119235,119237,119239,119241],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,119234,3298],{"class":80},[74,119236,114],{"class":106},[74,119238,34456],{"class":110},[74,119240,7020],{"class":106},[74,119242,119243],{"class":3314},"              # sorts the original list in place\n",[20,119245,176,119246,119248,119249,119251],{},[15,119247,74063],{}," when you want a new result. Use ",[15,119250,77504],{}," when you want to change the existing list.",[60,119253,119255],{"id":119254},"what-this-page-helps-you-decide","What this page helps you decide",[30,119257,119258,119263,119268,119275],{},[33,119259,176,119260,119262],{},[15,119261,74063],{}," to get a new sorted list",[33,119264,176,119265,119267],{},[15,119266,77504],{}," to sort an existing list in place",[33,119269,119270,119271,2039,119273],{},"Understand why ",[15,119272,77504],{},[15,119274,3429],{},[33,119276,119277],{},"See when each option is better for beginner code",[60,119279,3328,119280,38],{"id":117357},[15,119281,74063],{},[20,119283,119284,62573],{},[15,119285,74063],{},[20,119287,48579],{},[30,119289,119290,119296,119302],{},[33,119291,119292,119293],{},"returns a ",[332,119294,119295],{},"new list",[33,119297,119298,119299,119301],{},"does ",[332,119300,334],{}," change the original data",[33,119303,119304],{},"works with many iterable objects, not just lists",[20,119306,50785],{},[30,119308,119309,119311,119313,119315,119317],{},[33,119310,4949],{},[33,119312,4952],{},[33,119314,4958],{},[33,119316,4955],{},[33,119318,35567],{},[262,119320,34735,119322,119324],{"id":119321},"example-sorted-keeps-the-original-list-unchanged",[15,119323,74063],{}," keeps the original list unchanged",[65,119326,119328],{"className":67,"code":119327,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(\"original:\", numbers)\nprint(\"sorted result:\", result)\n",[15,119329,119330,119350,119354,119368,119372,119390],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,119331,119332,119334,119336,119338,119340,119342,119344,119346,119348],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,119333,3266],{"class":80},[74,119335,85],{"class":84},[74,119337,3271],{"class":106},[74,119339,321],{"class":167},[74,119341,249],{"class":106},[74,119343,5148],{"class":167},[74,119345,249],{"class":106},[74,119347,620],{"class":167},[74,119349,3284],{"class":106},[74,119351,119352],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,119353,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,119355,119356,119358,119360,119362,119364,119366],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,119357,383],{"class":80},[74,119359,85],{"class":84},[74,119361,74197],{"class":102},[74,119363,107],{"class":106},[74,119365,3298],{"class":110},[74,119367,260],{"class":106},[74,119369,119370],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,119371,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,119373,119374,119376,119378,119380,119382,119384,119386,119388],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,119375,103],{"class":102},[74,119377,107],{"class":106},[74,119379,122],{"class":88},[74,119381,11812],{"class":92},[74,119383,122],{"class":88},[74,119385,249],{"class":106},[74,119387,3914],{"class":110},[74,119389,260],{"class":106},[74,119391,119392,119394,119396,119398,119401,119403,119405,119407],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,119393,103],{"class":102},[74,119395,107],{"class":106},[74,119397,122],{"class":88},[74,119399,119400],{"class":92},"sorted result:",[74,119402,122],{"class":88},[74,119404,249],{"class":106},[74,119406,80854],{"class":110},[74,119408,260],{"class":106},[20,119410,119411],{},[332,119412,157],{},[65,119414,119416],{"className":67,"code":119415,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"original: [3, 1, 2]\nsorted result: [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,119417,119418,119438],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,119419,119420,119422,119424,119426,119428,119430,119432,119434,119436],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,119421,11791],{"class":80},[74,119423,679],{"class":106},[74,119425,3271],{"class":106},[74,119427,321],{"class":167},[74,119429,249],{"class":106},[74,119431,5148],{"class":167},[74,119433,249],{"class":106},[74,119435,620],{"class":167},[74,119437,3284],{"class":106},[74,119439,119440,119442,119444,119446,119448,119450,119452,119454,119456,119458],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,119441,74153],{"class":102},[74,119443,80854],{"class":80},[74,119445,679],{"class":106},[74,119447,3271],{"class":106},[74,119449,2632],{"class":167},[74,119451,249],{"class":106},[74,119453,620],{"class":167},[74,119455,249],{"class":106},[74,119457,2094],{"class":167},[74,119459,3284],{"class":106},[20,119461,119462,119463,119465],{},"The important part is that ",[15,119464,3298],{}," stays the same.",[20,119467,119468,119469,114],{},"If you want a full function-focused explanation, see ",[125,119470,3223,119471,3156],{"href":74160},[15,119472,74063],{},[60,119474,3328,119475,38],{"id":77570},[15,119476,77504],{},[20,119478,119479,119481],{},[15,119480,63958],{}," is a method that belongs to lists.",[20,119483,48579],{},[30,119485,119486,119489,119492],{},[33,119487,119488],{},"changes the original list directly",[33,119490,119491],{},"only works on lists",[33,119493,3342,119494],{},[15,119495,3429],{},[262,119497,34735,119499,73601],{"id":119498},"example-listsort-changes-the-original-list",[15,119500,77504],{},[65,119502,119504],{"className":67,"code":119503,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,119505,119506,119526,119530,119540,119544],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,119507,119508,119510,119512,119514,119516,119518,119520,119522,119524],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,119509,3266],{"class":80},[74,119511,85],{"class":84},[74,119513,3271],{"class":106},[74,119515,321],{"class":167},[74,119517,249],{"class":106},[74,119519,5148],{"class":167},[74,119521,249],{"class":106},[74,119523,620],{"class":167},[74,119525,3284],{"class":106},[74,119527,119528],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,119529,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,119531,119532,119534,119536,119538],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,119533,3298],{"class":80},[74,119535,114],{"class":106},[74,119537,34456],{"class":110},[74,119539,8299],{"class":106},[74,119541,119542],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,119543,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,119545,119546,119548,119550,119552],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,119547,103],{"class":102},[74,119549,107],{"class":106},[74,119551,3298],{"class":110},[74,119553,260],{"class":106},[20,119555,119556],{},[332,119557,157],{},[65,119559,119560],{"className":67,"code":54802,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,119561,119562],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,119563,119564,119566,119568,119570,119572,119574,119576],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,119565,742],{"class":106},[74,119567,2632],{"class":167},[74,119569,249],{"class":106},[74,119571,620],{"class":167},[74,119573,249],{"class":106},[74,119575,2094],{"class":167},[74,119577,3284],{"class":106},[20,119579,119580,119581,119584],{},"After calling ",[15,119582,119583],{},"numbers.sort()",", the list itself is changed.",[20,119586,119587,119588,114],{},"For a method-specific reference page, see ",[125,119589,3223,119590,10399],{"href":74414},[15,119591,77504],{},[60,119593,119595],{"id":119594},"main-difference-at-a-glance","Main difference at a glance",[20,119597,119598],{},"Here is the core difference:",[30,119600,119601,119610],{},[33,119602,119603,119606,119607],{},[15,119604,119605],{},"sorted(iterable)"," → returns a ",[332,119608,119609],{},"new sorted list",[33,119611,119612,119615,119616,73971],{},[15,119613,119614],{},"my_list.sort()"," → changes ",[15,119617,7997],{},[262,119619,119621],{"id":119620},"side-by-side-example","Side-by-side example",[65,119623,119625],{"className":67,"code":119624,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [5, 2, 4]\n\na = sorted(numbers)\nprint(\"numbers after sorted():\", numbers)\nprint(\"a:\", a)\n\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(\"numbers after sort():\", numbers)\n",[15,119626,119627,119647,119651,119665,119684,119703,119707,119717],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,119628,119629,119631,119633,119635,119637,119639,119641,119643,119645],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,119630,3266],{"class":80},[74,119632,85],{"class":84},[74,119634,3271],{"class":106},[74,119636,711],{"class":167},[74,119638,249],{"class":106},[74,119640,620],{"class":167},[74,119642,249],{"class":106},[74,119644,2100],{"class":167},[74,119646,3284],{"class":106},[74,119648,119649],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,119650,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,119652,119653,119655,119657,119659,119661,119663],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,119654,2198],{"class":80},[74,119656,85],{"class":84},[74,119658,74197],{"class":102},[74,119660,107],{"class":106},[74,119662,3298],{"class":110},[74,119664,260],{"class":106},[74,119666,119667,119669,119671,119673,119676,119678,119680,119682],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,119668,103],{"class":102},[74,119670,107],{"class":106},[74,119672,122],{"class":88},[74,119674,119675],{"class":92},"numbers after sorted():",[74,119677,122],{"class":88},[74,119679,249],{"class":106},[74,119681,3914],{"class":110},[74,119683,260],{"class":106},[74,119685,119686,119688,119690,119692,119695,119697,119699,119701],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,119687,103],{"class":102},[74,119689,107],{"class":106},[74,119691,122],{"class":88},[74,119693,119694],{"class":92},"a:",[74,119696,122],{"class":88},[74,119698,249],{"class":106},[74,119700,56540],{"class":110},[74,119702,260],{"class":106},[74,119704,119705],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,119706,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,119708,119709,119711,119713,119715],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,119710,3298],{"class":80},[74,119712,114],{"class":106},[74,119714,34456],{"class":110},[74,119716,8299],{"class":106},[74,119718,119719,119721,119723,119725,119728,119730,119732,119734],{"class":76,"line":6079},[74,119720,103],{"class":102},[74,119722,107],{"class":106},[74,119724,122],{"class":88},[74,119726,119727],{"class":92},"numbers after sort():",[74,119729,122],{"class":88},[74,119731,249],{"class":106},[74,119733,3914],{"class":110},[74,119735,260],{"class":106},[20,119737,119738],{},[332,119739,157],{},[65,119741,119743],{"className":67,"code":119742,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers after sorted(): [5, 2, 4]\na: [2, 4, 5]\nnumbers after sort(): [2, 4, 5]\n",[15,119744,119745,119768,119788],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,119746,119747,119750,119752,119754,119756,119758,119760,119762,119764,119766],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,119748,119749],{"class":80},"numbers after ",[74,119751,74153],{"class":102},[74,119753,29239],{"class":106},[74,119755,3271],{"class":106},[74,119757,711],{"class":167},[74,119759,249],{"class":106},[74,119761,620],{"class":167},[74,119763,249],{"class":106},[74,119765,2100],{"class":167},[74,119767,3284],{"class":106},[74,119769,119770,119772,119774,119776,119778,119780,119782,119784,119786],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,119771,125],{"class":80},[74,119773,679],{"class":106},[74,119775,3271],{"class":106},[74,119777,687],{"class":167},[74,119779,249],{"class":106},[74,119781,2100],{"class":167},[74,119783,249],{"class":106},[74,119785,651],{"class":167},[74,119787,3284],{"class":106},[74,119789,119790,119792,119794,119796,119798,119800,119802,119804,119806,119808],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,119791,119749],{"class":80},[74,119793,34456],{"class":110},[74,119795,29239],{"class":106},[74,119797,3271],{"class":106},[74,119799,687],{"class":167},[74,119801,249],{"class":106},[74,119803,2100],{"class":167},[74,119805,249],{"class":106},[74,119807,651],{"class":167},[74,119809,3284],{"class":106},[20,119811,10371],{},[30,119813,119814,119819],{},[33,119815,119816,119818],{},[15,119817,74063],{}," keeps the original data unchanged",[33,119820,119821,119823],{},[15,119822,63958],{}," is useful when you do not need the original order anymore",[60,119825,1260,119827],{"id":119826},"when-to-use-sorted",[15,119828,74063],{},[20,119830,176,119831,10259],{},[15,119832,74063],{},[30,119834,119835,119838,119840,119843],{},[33,119836,119837],{},"you want to keep the original list unchanged",[33,119839,118607],{},[33,119841,119842],{},"you want to store the result in a new variable",[33,119844,119845],{},"you want clearer code that is easy to read",[262,119847,119849],{"id":119848},"example-sorting-a-tuple","Example: sorting a tuple",[65,119851,119853],{"className":67,"code":119852,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = (4, 1, 3, 2)\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,119854,119855,119879,119883,119897,119901,119911],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,119856,119857,119859,119861,119863,119865,119867,119869,119871,119873,119875,119877],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,119858,3266],{"class":80},[74,119860,85],{"class":84},[74,119862,8892],{"class":106},[74,119864,2148],{"class":167},[74,119866,249],{"class":106},[74,119868,5148],{"class":167},[74,119870,249],{"class":106},[74,119872,2094],{"class":167},[74,119874,249],{"class":106},[74,119876,620],{"class":167},[74,119878,260],{"class":106},[74,119880,119881],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,119882,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,119884,119885,119887,119889,119891,119893,119895],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,119886,383],{"class":80},[74,119888,85],{"class":84},[74,119890,74197],{"class":102},[74,119892,107],{"class":106},[74,119894,3298],{"class":110},[74,119896,260],{"class":106},[74,119898,119899],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,119900,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,119902,119903,119905,119907,119909],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,119904,103],{"class":102},[74,119906,107],{"class":106},[74,119908,418],{"class":110},[74,119910,260],{"class":106},[74,119912,119913,119915,119917,119919,119921,119923],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,119914,103],{"class":102},[74,119916,107],{"class":106},[74,119918,1346],{"class":1345},[74,119920,107],{"class":106},[74,119922,418],{"class":110},[74,119924,130],{"class":106},[20,119926,119927],{},[332,119928,157],{},[65,119930,119932],{"className":67,"code":119931,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,119933,119934,119954],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,119935,119936,119938,119940,119942,119944,119946,119948,119950,119952],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,119937,742],{"class":106},[74,119939,2632],{"class":167},[74,119941,249],{"class":106},[74,119943,620],{"class":167},[74,119945,249],{"class":106},[74,119947,2094],{"class":167},[74,119949,249],{"class":106},[74,119951,2100],{"class":167},[74,119953,3284],{"class":106},[74,119955,119956,119958,119960,119962,119964,119966],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,119957,2935],{"class":84},[74,119959,2938],{"class":1711},[74,119961,2941],{"class":88},[74,119963,7751],{"class":92},[74,119965,2946],{"class":88},[74,119967,2949],{"class":84},[20,119969,1927,119970,119972,119973,114],{},[15,119971,74063],{}," can sort a tuple, but the result is a ",[332,119974,7751],{},[20,119976,119977,119978,119980],{},"If you are still learning list behavior, ",[125,119979,52423],{"href":50631}," is a helpful next step.",[60,119982,1260,119984],{"id":119983},"when-to-use-listsort",[15,119985,77504],{},[20,119987,176,119988,10259],{},[15,119989,77504],{},[30,119991,119992,119995,119998,120001],{},[33,119993,119994],{},"you already have a list",[33,119996,119997],{},"you want to update that list directly",[33,119999,120000],{},"you do not need the original order anymore",[33,120002,120003],{},"you want a simple in-place change",[262,120005,120007],{"id":120006},"example-sorting-one-list-directly","Example: sorting one list directly",[65,120009,120011],{"className":67,"code":120010,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"names = [\"Charlie\", \"Alice\", \"Bob\"]\n\nnames.sort()\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,120012,120013,120045,120049,120059,120063],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,120014,120015,120017,120019,120021,120023,120025,120027,120029,120031,120033,120035,120037,120039,120041,120043],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,120016,4646],{"class":80},[74,120018,85],{"class":84},[74,120020,3271],{"class":106},[74,120022,122],{"class":88},[74,120024,4673],{"class":92},[74,120026,122],{"class":88},[74,120028,249],{"class":106},[74,120030,89],{"class":88},[74,120032,4655],{"class":92},[74,120034,122],{"class":88},[74,120036,249],{"class":106},[74,120038,89],{"class":88},[74,120040,4664],{"class":92},[74,120042,122],{"class":88},[74,120044,3284],{"class":106},[74,120046,120047],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,120048,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,120050,120051,120053,120055,120057],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,120052,4690],{"class":80},[74,120054,114],{"class":106},[74,120056,34456],{"class":110},[74,120058,8299],{"class":106},[74,120060,120061],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,120062,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,120064,120065,120067,120069,120071],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,120066,103],{"class":102},[74,120068,107],{"class":106},[74,120070,4690],{"class":110},[74,120072,260],{"class":106},[20,120074,120075],{},[332,120076,157],{},[65,120078,120080],{"className":67,"code":120079,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\n",[15,120081,120082],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,120083,120084,120086,120088,120090,120092,120094,120096,120098,120100,120102,120104,120106,120108],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,120085,742],{"class":106},[74,120087,2946],{"class":88},[74,120089,4655],{"class":92},[74,120091,2946],{"class":88},[74,120093,249],{"class":106},[74,120095,2941],{"class":88},[74,120097,4664],{"class":92},[74,120099,2946],{"class":88},[74,120101,249],{"class":106},[74,120103,2941],{"class":88},[74,120105,4673],{"class":92},[74,120107,2946],{"class":88},[74,120109,3284],{"class":106},[20,120111,120112],{},"This is a good choice when you only need the list in sorted form and do not care about keeping the old order.",[20,120114,120115,120116,114],{},"If your goal is the task itself, see ",[125,120117,79510],{"href":78013},[60,120119,120121,51,120123,120125],{"id":120120},"reverse-and-key-work-with-both",[15,120122,73216],{},[15,120124,14499],{}," work with both",[20,120127,10248,120128,51,120130,120132],{},[15,120129,74063],{},[15,120131,77504],{}," support:",[30,120134,120135,120140],{},[33,120136,120137,120139],{},[15,120138,77728],{}," for descending order",[33,120141,120142,120145],{},[15,120143,120144],{},"key=..."," for custom sorting rules",[20,120147,120148],{},"The sorting behavior is very similar. The main difference is still whether you get a new list or change the original one.",[262,120150,120152],{"id":120151},"example-descending-order","Example: descending order",[65,120154,120156],{"className":67,"code":120155,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120157,120158,120178,120182,120204,120208,120226],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,120159,120160,120162,120164,120166,120168,120170,120172,120174,120176],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,120161,3266],{"class":80},[74,120163,85],{"class":84},[74,120165,3271],{"class":106},[74,120167,321],{"class":167},[74,120169,249],{"class":106},[74,120171,5148],{"class":167},[74,120173,249],{"class":106},[74,120175,620],{"class":167},[74,120177,3284],{"class":106},[74,120179,120180],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,120181,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,120183,120184,120186,120188,120190,120192,120194,120196,120198,120200,120202],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,120185,103],{"class":102},[74,120187,107],{"class":106},[74,120189,74153],{"class":102},[74,120191,107],{"class":106},[74,120193,3298],{"class":110},[74,120195,249],{"class":106},[74,120197,77707],{"class":8831},[74,120199,85],{"class":84},[74,120201,338],{"class":3504},[74,120203,130],{"class":106},[74,120205,120206],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,120207,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,120209,120210,120212,120214,120216,120218,120220,120222,120224],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,120211,3298],{"class":80},[74,120213,114],{"class":106},[74,120215,34456],{"class":110},[74,120217,107],{"class":106},[74,120219,73216],{"class":8831},[74,120221,85],{"class":84},[74,120223,338],{"class":3504},[74,120225,260],{"class":106},[74,120227,120228,120230,120232,120234],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,120229,103],{"class":102},[74,120231,107],{"class":106},[74,120233,3298],{"class":110},[74,120235,260],{"class":106},[20,120237,120238],{},[332,120239,157],{},[65,120241,120243],{"className":67,"code":120242,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"[3, 2, 1]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,120244,120245,120261],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,120246,120247,120249,120251,120253,120255,120257,120259],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,120248,742],{"class":106},[74,120250,321],{"class":167},[74,120252,249],{"class":106},[74,120254,620],{"class":167},[74,120256,249],{"class":106},[74,120258,5148],{"class":167},[74,120260,3284],{"class":106},[74,120262,120263,120265,120267,120269,120271,120273,120275],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,120264,742],{"class":106},[74,120266,321],{"class":167},[74,120268,249],{"class":106},[74,120270,620],{"class":167},[74,120272,249],{"class":106},[74,120274,5148],{"class":167},[74,120276,3284],{"class":106},[262,120278,120280],{"id":120279},"example-case-insensitive-sorting","Example: case-insensitive sorting",[65,120282,120284],{"className":67,"code":120283,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words, key=str.lower))\n\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\nprint(words)\n",[15,120285,120286,120318,120322,120348,120352,120374],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,120287,120288,120290,120292,120294,120296,120298,120300,120302,120304,120306,120308,120310,120312,120314,120316],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,120289,3722],{"class":80},[74,120291,85],{"class":84},[74,120293,3271],{"class":106},[74,120295,122],{"class":88},[74,120297,83000],{"class":92},[74,120299,122],{"class":88},[74,120301,249],{"class":106},[74,120303,89],{"class":88},[74,120305,376],{"class":92},[74,120307,122],{"class":88},[74,120309,249],{"class":106},[74,120311,89],{"class":88},[74,120313,118472],{"class":92},[74,120315,122],{"class":88},[74,120317,3284],{"class":106},[74,120319,120320],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,120321,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,120323,120324,120326,120328,120330,120332,120334,120336,120338,120340,120342,120344,120346],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,120325,103],{"class":102},[74,120327,107],{"class":106},[74,120329,74153],{"class":102},[74,120331,107],{"class":106},[74,120333,3764],{"class":110},[74,120335,249],{"class":106},[74,120337,21235],{"class":8831},[74,120339,85],{"class":84},[74,120341,3090],{"class":1345},[74,120343,114],{"class":106},[74,120345,885],{"class":24406},[74,120347,130],{"class":106},[74,120349,120350],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,120351,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,120353,120354,120356,120358,120360,120362,120364,120366,120368,120370,120372],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,120355,3764],{"class":80},[74,120357,114],{"class":106},[74,120359,34456],{"class":110},[74,120361,107],{"class":106},[74,120363,14499],{"class":8831},[74,120365,85],{"class":84},[74,120367,3090],{"class":1345},[74,120369,114],{"class":106},[74,120371,885],{"class":24406},[74,120373,260],{"class":106},[74,120375,120376,120378,120380,120382],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,120377,103],{"class":102},[74,120379,107],{"class":106},[74,120381,3764],{"class":110},[74,120383,260],{"class":106},[20,120385,120386],{},[332,120387,157],{},[65,120389,120391],{"className":67,"code":120390,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,120392,120393,120421],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,120394,120395,120397,120399,120401,120403,120405,120407,120409,120411,120413,120415,120417,120419],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,120396,742],{"class":106},[74,120398,2946],{"class":88},[74,120400,376],{"class":92},[74,120402,2946],{"class":88},[74,120404,249],{"class":106},[74,120406,2941],{"class":88},[74,120408,83000],{"class":92},[74,120410,2946],{"class":88},[74,120412,249],{"class":106},[74,120414,2941],{"class":88},[74,120416,118472],{"class":92},[74,120418,2946],{"class":88},[74,120420,3284],{"class":106},[74,120422,120423,120425,120427,120429,120431,120433,120435,120437,120439,120441,120443,120445,120447],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,120424,742],{"class":106},[74,120426,2946],{"class":88},[74,120428,376],{"class":92},[74,120430,2946],{"class":88},[74,120432,249],{"class":106},[74,120434,2941],{"class":88},[74,120436,83000],{"class":92},[74,120438,2946],{"class":88},[74,120440,249],{"class":106},[74,120442,2941],{"class":88},[74,120444,118472],{"class":92},[74,120446,2946],{"class":88},[74,120448,3284],{"class":106},[20,120450,571,120451,120453],{},[15,120452,78222],{}," tells Python to compare words in lowercase form.",[20,120455,120456,120457,114],{},"For more advanced custom sorting, especially with dictionaries, see ",[125,120458,120460],{"href":120459},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-of-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","How to sort a list of dictionaries in Python",[60,120462,120464],{"id":120463},"beginner-mistakes-to-watch-for","Beginner mistakes to watch for",[20,120466,120467],{},"These are the most common problems beginners run into.",[262,120469,120471,120472,12256],{"id":120470},"mistake-1-assigning-listsort-to-a-variable","Mistake 1: Assigning ",[15,120473,77504],{},[20,120475,120476],{},"This is probably the most common one.",[65,120478,120480],{"className":67,"code":120479,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120481,120482,120502,120506,120520,120524,120534],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,120483,120484,120486,120488,120490,120492,120494,120496,120498,120500],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,120485,3266],{"class":80},[74,120487,85],{"class":84},[74,120489,3271],{"class":106},[74,120491,321],{"class":167},[74,120493,249],{"class":106},[74,120495,5148],{"class":167},[74,120497,249],{"class":106},[74,120499,620],{"class":167},[74,120501,3284],{"class":106},[74,120503,120504],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,120505,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,120507,120508,120510,120512,120514,120516,120518],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,120509,383],{"class":80},[74,120511,85],{"class":84},[74,120513,3914],{"class":80},[74,120515,114],{"class":106},[74,120517,34456],{"class":110},[74,120519,8299],{"class":106},[74,120521,120522],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,120523,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,120525,120526,120528,120530,120532],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,120527,103],{"class":102},[74,120529,107],{"class":106},[74,120531,418],{"class":110},[74,120533,260],{"class":106},[74,120535,120536,120538,120540,120542],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,120537,103],{"class":102},[74,120539,107],{"class":106},[74,120541,3298],{"class":110},[74,120543,260],{"class":106},[20,120545,120546],{},[332,120547,157],{},[65,120549,120550],{"className":67,"code":78845,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,120551,120552,120556],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,120553,120554],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,120555,11466],{"class":3504},[74,120557,120558,120560,120562,120564,120566,120568,120570],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,120559,742],{"class":106},[74,120561,2632],{"class":167},[74,120563,249],{"class":106},[74,120565,620],{"class":167},[74,120567,249],{"class":106},[74,120569,2094],{"class":167},[74,120571,3284],{"class":106},[20,120573,11558],{},[30,120575,120576,120581,120586],{},[33,120577,120578,120580],{},[15,120579,119583],{}," sorts the list in place",[33,120582,34672,120583,120585],{},[332,120584,334],{}," return the sorted list",[33,120587,89624,120588,41810,120590],{},[15,120589,418],{},[15,120591,3429],{},[262,120593,120595,120596,120598],{"id":120594},"mistake-2-expecting-sorted-to-change-the-original-list","Mistake 2: Expecting ",[15,120597,74063],{}," to change the original list",[65,120600,120602],{"className":67,"code":120601,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120603,120604,120624,120628,120638,120642],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,120605,120606,120608,120610,120612,120614,120616,120618,120620,120622],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,120607,3266],{"class":80},[74,120609,85],{"class":84},[74,120611,3271],{"class":106},[74,120613,321],{"class":167},[74,120615,249],{"class":106},[74,120617,5148],{"class":167},[74,120619,249],{"class":106},[74,120621,620],{"class":167},[74,120623,3284],{"class":106},[74,120625,120626],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,120627,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,120629,120630,120632,120634,120636],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,120631,74153],{"class":102},[74,120633,107],{"class":106},[74,120635,3298],{"class":110},[74,120637,260],{"class":106},[74,120639,120640],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,120641,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,120643,120644,120646,120648,120650],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,120645,103],{"class":102},[74,120647,107],{"class":106},[74,120649,3298],{"class":110},[74,120651,260],{"class":106},[20,120653,120654],{},[332,120655,157],{},[65,120657,120658],{"className":67,"code":118804,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,120659,120660],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,120661,120662,120664,120666,120668,120670,120672,120674],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,120663,742],{"class":106},[74,120665,321],{"class":167},[74,120667,249],{"class":106},[74,120669,5148],{"class":167},[74,120671,249],{"class":106},[74,120673,620],{"class":167},[74,120675,3284],{"class":106},[20,120677,120678,120681],{},[15,120679,120680],{},"sorted(numbers)"," creates a new sorted list, but here the result is not saved anywhere.",[20,120683,1080],{},[65,120685,120687],{"className":67,"code":120686,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n",[15,120688,120689,120709,120713,120727,120731],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,120690,120691,120693,120695,120697,120699,120701,120703,120705,120707],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,120692,3266],{"class":80},[74,120694,85],{"class":84},[74,120696,3271],{"class":106},[74,120698,321],{"class":167},[74,120700,249],{"class":106},[74,120702,5148],{"class":167},[74,120704,249],{"class":106},[74,120706,620],{"class":167},[74,120708,3284],{"class":106},[74,120710,120711],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,120712,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,120714,120715,120717,120719,120721,120723,120725],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,120716,55294],{"class":80},[74,120718,85],{"class":84},[74,120720,74197],{"class":102},[74,120722,107],{"class":106},[74,120724,3298],{"class":110},[74,120726,260],{"class":106},[74,120728,120729],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,120730,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,120732,120733,120735,120737,120739],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,120734,103],{"class":102},[74,120736,107],{"class":106},[74,120738,55313],{"class":110},[74,120740,260],{"class":106},[262,120742,120744,120745,120747],{"id":120743},"mistake-3-trying-to-call-sort-on-a-tuple-or-string","Mistake 3: Trying to call ",[15,120746,63958],{}," on a tuple or string",[65,120749,120750],{"className":67,"code":78947,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,120751,120752,120764],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,120753,120754,120756,120758,120760,120762],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,120755,81],{"class":80},[74,120757,85],{"class":84},[74,120759,89],{"class":88},[74,120761,69],{"class":92},[74,120763,96],{"class":88},[74,120765,120766,120768,120770,120772],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,120767,111],{"class":80},[74,120769,114],{"class":106},[74,120771,34456],{"class":110},[74,120773,8299],{"class":106},[20,120775,120776,120777,33258],{},"This will fail because strings do not have a ",[15,120778,63958],{},[20,120780,120781,120783],{},[15,120782,63958],{}," only works on lists.",[20,120785,120786,120787,120789,120790,114],{},"If you need to sort other iterable objects, use ",[15,120788,74063],{},". This is easier to understand if you know what an iterable is, so you may also want to read ",[125,120791,4788],{"href":5237},[262,120793,120795,120796,118841],{"id":120794},"mistake-4-forgetting-that-sorted-always-returns-a-list","Mistake 4: Forgetting that ",[15,120797,74063],{},[65,120799,120801],{"className":67,"code":120800,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"cab\"\nresult = sorted(text)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,120802,120803,120816,120830,120834,120844],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,120804,120805,120807,120809,120811,120814],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,120806,81],{"class":80},[74,120808,85],{"class":84},[74,120810,89],{"class":88},[74,120812,120813],{"class":92},"cab",[74,120815,96],{"class":88},[74,120817,120818,120820,120822,120824,120826,120828],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,120819,383],{"class":80},[74,120821,85],{"class":84},[74,120823,74197],{"class":102},[74,120825,107],{"class":106},[74,120827,111],{"class":110},[74,120829,260],{"class":106},[74,120831,120832],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,120833,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,120835,120836,120838,120840,120842],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,120837,103],{"class":102},[74,120839,107],{"class":106},[74,120841,418],{"class":110},[74,120843,260],{"class":106},[74,120845,120846,120848,120850,120852,120854,120856],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,120847,103],{"class":102},[74,120849,107],{"class":106},[74,120851,1346],{"class":1345},[74,120853,107],{"class":106},[74,120855,418],{"class":110},[74,120857,130],{"class":106},[20,120859,120860],{},[332,120861,157],{},[65,120863,120865],{"className":67,"code":120864,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,120866,120867,120895],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,120868,120869,120871,120873,120875,120877,120879,120881,120883,120885,120887,120889,120891,120893],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,120870,742],{"class":106},[74,120872,2946],{"class":88},[74,120874,125],{"class":92},[74,120876,2946],{"class":88},[74,120878,249],{"class":106},[74,120880,2941],{"class":88},[74,120882,4412],{"class":92},[74,120884,2946],{"class":88},[74,120886,249],{"class":106},[74,120888,2941],{"class":88},[74,120890,9396],{"class":92},[74,120892,2946],{"class":88},[74,120894,3284],{"class":106},[74,120896,120897,120899,120901,120903,120905,120907],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,120898,2935],{"class":84},[74,120900,2938],{"class":1711},[74,120902,2941],{"class":88},[74,120904,7751],{"class":92},[74,120906,2946],{"class":88},[74,120908,2949],{"class":84},[20,120910,120911],{},"Even though the original value was a string, the result is still a list.",[60,120913,113362],{"id":113361},[20,120915,120916],{},"Beginners usually mix these up for one of these reasons:",[30,120918,120919,120922,120927,120932,120938],{},[33,120920,120921],{},"confusing a function with a method",[33,120923,120924,120925,53296],{},"not knowing that ",[15,120926,63958],{},[33,120928,120929,120930,12256],{},"assigning the result of ",[15,120931,77504],{},[33,120933,120934,120935,120937],{},"trying to use ",[15,120936,63958],{}," on non-list data types",[33,120939,50157,120940,120942],{},[15,120941,74063],{}," to preserve the original data type, such as tuple or string",[20,120944,120945],{},"If something is not behaving the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[65,120947,120949],{"className":67,"code":120948,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(my_list)\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nresult = my_list.sort(); print(result)\nprint(type(my_data))\nhelp(sorted)\nhelp(list.sort)\n",[15,120950,120951,120961,120975,121000,121015,121025],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,120952,120953,120955,120957,120959],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,120954,103],{"class":102},[74,120956,107],{"class":106},[74,120958,7997],{"class":110},[74,120960,260],{"class":106},[74,120962,120963,120965,120967,120969,120971,120973],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,120964,103],{"class":102},[74,120966,107],{"class":106},[74,120968,74153],{"class":102},[74,120970,107],{"class":106},[74,120972,7997],{"class":110},[74,120974,130],{"class":106},[74,120976,120977,120979,120981,120983,120985,120987,120989,120992,120994,120996,120998],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,120978,383],{"class":80},[74,120980,85],{"class":84},[74,120982,8054],{"class":80},[74,120984,114],{"class":106},[74,120986,34456],{"class":110},[74,120988,7020],{"class":106},[74,120990,120991],{"class":80},"; ",[74,120993,103],{"class":102},[74,120995,107],{"class":106},[74,120997,418],{"class":110},[74,120999,260],{"class":106},[74,121001,121002,121004,121006,121008,121010,121013],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,121003,103],{"class":102},[74,121005,107],{"class":106},[74,121007,1346],{"class":1345},[74,121009,107],{"class":106},[74,121011,121012],{"class":110},"my_data",[74,121014,130],{"class":106},[74,121016,121017,121019,121021,121023],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,121018,31809],{"class":102},[74,121020,107],{"class":106},[74,121022,74153],{"class":102},[74,121024,260],{"class":106},[74,121026,121027,121029,121031,121033,121035,121037],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,121028,31809],{"class":102},[74,121030,107],{"class":106},[74,121032,7751],{"class":1345},[74,121034,114],{"class":106},[74,121036,34456],{"class":24406},[74,121038,260],{"class":106},[20,121040,84010],{},[30,121042,121043,121046,121050,121058],{},[33,121044,121045],{},"whether your original list changed",[33,121047,35,121048,11363],{},[15,121049,74063],{},[33,121051,121052,121053,121055,121056],{},"whether ",[15,121054,63958],{}," returned ",[15,121057,3429],{},[33,121059,121060],{},"what type of object you are working with",[60,121062,121064],{"id":121063},"simple-rule-to-remember","Simple rule to remember",[20,121066,121067],{},"Use this rule:",[30,121069,121070,121078],{},[33,121071,121072,121073,121075,121076],{},"Need a ",[332,121074,119166],{},": use ",[15,121077,74063],{},[33,121079,121080,121081,121075,121084],{},"Need to ",[332,121082,121083],{},"change one list directly",[15,121085,77504],{},[20,121087,121088,121089,121091],{},"For many beginners, ",[15,121090,74063],{}," feels easier because it is more explicit and does not silently change the original list.",[60,121093,1471],{"id":1470},[262,121095,121097,121098,339,121100,2135],{"id":121096},"which-is-better-for-beginners-sorted-or-listsort","Which is better for beginners, ",[15,121099,74063],{},[15,121101,77504],{},[20,121103,121104,121106],{},[15,121105,74063],{}," is often easier to understand because it returns a new result and does not change the original data.",[262,121108,4808,121110,335,121112,2135],{"id":121109},"why-does-listsort-return-none",[15,121111,77504],{},[15,121113,3429],{},[20,121115,121116],{},"Because it changes the list directly instead of creating and returning a new sorted list.",[262,121118,1507,121120,121122],{"id":121119},"can-sorted-sort-a-tuple",[15,121121,74063],{}," sort a tuple?",[20,121124,121125],{},"Yes. It can sort any iterable, but it returns a list.",[262,121127,27983,121129,121131],{"id":121128},"can-i-use-sort-on-a-string",[15,121130,63958],{}," on a string?",[20,121133,46019,121134,121136,121137,39586],{},[15,121135,63958],{}," is a list method. Use ",[15,121138,121139],{},"sorted(string)",[262,121141,11477,121143,51,121145,121147],{"id":121142},"do-sorted-and-sort-both-support-descending-order",[15,121144,74063],{},[15,121146,63958],{}," both support descending order?",[20,121149,121150,121151,114],{},"Yes. Both support ",[15,121152,77728],{},[60,121154,1527],{"id":1526},[30,121156,121157,121163,121169,121173,121177],{},[33,121158,121159],{},[125,121160,3223,121161,3156],{"href":74160},[15,121162,74063],{},[33,121164,121165],{},[125,121166,3223,121167,10399],{"href":74414},[15,121168,77504],{},[33,121170,121171],{},[125,121172,79510],{"href":78013},[33,121174,121175],{},[125,121176,120460],{"href":120459},[33,121178,121179],{},[125,121180,52423],{"href":50631},[1566,121182,121183],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":70,"searchDepth":99,"depth":99,"links":121185},[121186,121187,121188,121192,121196,121199,121203,121207,121212,121222,121223,121224,121236],{"id":3255,"depth":99,"text":3256},{"id":119254,"depth":99,"text":119255},{"id":117357,"depth":99,"text":119079,"children":121189},[121190],{"id":119321,"depth":133,"text":121191},"Example: sorted() keeps the original list unchanged",{"id":77570,"depth":99,"text":79532,"children":121193},[121194],{"id":119498,"depth":133,"text":121195},"Example: list.sort() changes the original list",{"id":119594,"depth":99,"text":119595,"children":121197},[121198],{"id":119620,"depth":133,"text":119621},{"id":119826,"depth":99,"text":121200,"children":121201},"When to use sorted()",[121202],{"id":119848,"depth":133,"text":119849},{"id":119983,"depth":99,"text":121204,"children":121205},"When to use list.sort()",[121206],{"id":120006,"depth":133,"text":120007},{"id":120120,"depth":99,"text":121208,"children":121209},"reverse and key work with both",[121210,121211],{"id":120151,"depth":133,"text":120152},{"id":120279,"depth":133,"text":120280},{"id":120463,"depth":99,"text":120464,"children":121213},[121214,121216,121218,121220],{"id":120470,"depth":133,"text":121215},"Mistake 1: Assigning list.sort() to a variable",{"id":120594,"depth":133,"text":121217},"Mistake 2: Expecting sorted() to change the original list",{"id":120743,"depth":133,"text":121219},"Mistake 3: Trying to call sort() on a tuple or string",{"id":120794,"depth":133,"text":121221},"Mistake 4: Forgetting that sorted() always returns a list",{"id":113361,"depth":99,"text":113362},{"id":121063,"depth":99,"text":121064},{"id":1470,"depth":99,"text":1471,"children":121225},[121226,121228,121230,121232,121234],{"id":121096,"depth":133,"text":121227},"Which is better for beginners, sorted() or list.sort()?",{"id":121109,"depth":133,"text":121229},"Why does list.sort() return None?",{"id":121119,"depth":133,"text":121231},"Can sorted() sort a tuple?",{"id":121128,"depth":133,"text":121233},"Can I use sort() on a string?",{"id":121142,"depth":133,"text":121235},"Do sorted() and sort() both support descending order?",{"id":1526,"depth":99,"text":1527},"Master python sorted vs list.sort explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":119125,"description":121237},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","X_9GbXWbpLil07A8gxuHLi2EoRTNXkAwL_w70GVpp14",{"id":121243,"title":41831,"body":121244,"description":122976,"extension":1610,"meta":122977,"navigation":407,"path":122978,"seo":122979,"stem":122980,"__hash__":122981},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":121245,"toc":122933},[121246,121251,121256,121262,121264,121319,121323,121346,121351,121356,121361,121363,121394,121397,121411,121413,121415,121430,121435,121439,121442,121493,121497,121511,121518,121522,121526,121581,121585,121608,121612,121668,121672,121695,121699,121754,121758,121781,121785,121852,121856,121891,121897,121902,121907,121909,121923,121925,121999,122003,122023,122028,122035,122038,122050,122052,122121,122125,122162,122165,122190,122197,122206,122209,122221,122227,122233,122235,122241,122246,122325,122329,122370,122374,122376,122403,122406,122429,122432,122438,122441,122478,122490,122497,122499,122550,122553,122585,122588,122590,122597,122599,122614,122616,122673,122677,122701,122703,122708,122724,122731,122735,122738,122821,122831,122833,122838,122841,122847,122850,122856,122859,122865,122868,122875,122883,122885,122930],[10,121247,3223,121249,3227],{"id":121248},"python-str-function-explained",[15,121250,47336],{},[20,121252,31974,121253,121255],{},[15,121254,47336],{}," function converts a value into a string.",[20,121257,121258,121259,121261],{},"A string is text in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,121260,47336],{}," when they need to turn a number into text before combining it with other strings.",[60,121263,63],{"id":62},[65,121265,121267],{"className":67,"code":121266,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121268,121269,121277,121291,121295,121305],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,121270,121271,121273,121275],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,121272,21284],{"class":80},[74,121274,85],{"class":84},[74,121276,44879],{"class":167},[74,121278,121279,121281,121283,121285,121287,121289],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,121280,81],{"class":80},[74,121282,85],{"class":84},[74,121284,48556],{"class":1345},[74,121286,107],{"class":106},[74,121288,8955],{"class":110},[74,121290,260],{"class":106},[74,121292,121293],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,121294,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,121296,121297,121299,121301,121303],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,121298,103],{"class":102},[74,121300,107],{"class":106},[74,121302,111],{"class":110},[74,121304,260],{"class":106},[74,121306,121307,121309,121311,121313,121315,121317],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,121308,103],{"class":102},[74,121310,107],{"class":106},[74,121312,1346],{"class":1345},[74,121314,107],{"class":106},[74,121316,111],{"class":110},[74,121318,130],{"class":106},[20,121320,121321],{},[332,121322,157],{},[65,121324,121326],{"className":67,"code":121325,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121327,121328,121332],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,121329,121330],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,121331,2353],{"class":167},[74,121333,121334,121336,121338,121340,121342,121344],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,121335,2935],{"class":84},[74,121337,2938],{"class":1711},[74,121339,2941],{"class":88},[74,121341,3090],{"class":92},[74,121343,2946],{"class":88},[74,121345,2949],{"class":84},[20,121347,176,121348,121350],{},[15,121349,47336],{}," when you need a string version of a value, such as a number before joining or concatenating text.",[60,121352,3328,121354,38],{"id":121353},"what-str-does",[15,121355,47336],{},[20,121357,121358,121360],{},[15,121359,47336],{}," converts a value into a string.",[20,121362,776],{},[30,121364,121365,121372,121379,121386],{},[33,121366,121367,121368,41810,121370],{},"An integer like ",[15,121369,1972],{},[15,121371,41781],{},[33,121373,121374,121375,41810,121377],{},"A float like ",[15,121376,39800],{},[15,121378,47746],{},[33,121380,121381,121382,41810,121384],{},"A boolean like ",[15,121383,338],{},[15,121385,6294],{},[33,121387,121388,121389,41810,121391],{},"A list like ",[15,121390,74885],{},[15,121392,121393],{},"\"[1, 2, 3]\"",[20,121395,121396],{},"The result is text, so you can:",[30,121398,121399,121402,121405,121408],{},[33,121400,121401],{},"print it",[33,121403,121404],{},"combine it with other strings",[33,121406,121407],{},"save it to a file",[33,121409,121410],{},"use it in messages",[60,121412,227],{"id":226},[20,121414,6872],{},[65,121416,121418],{"className":67,"code":121417,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"str(object)\n",[15,121419,121420],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,121421,121422,121424,121426,121428],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,121423,3090],{"class":1345},[74,121425,107],{"class":106},[74,121427,42054],{"class":1345},[74,121429,260],{"class":106},[20,121431,20426,121432,121434],{},[15,121433,42054],{}," is the value you want to convert.",[20,121436,121437,7883],{},[15,121438,47336],{},[20,121440,121441],{},"A very common beginner use case is converting a number before combining it with text:",[65,121443,121445],{"className":67,"code":121444,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"score = 100\nmessage = \"Your score is \" + str(score)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,121446,121447,121456,121479,121483],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,121448,121449,121451,121453],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,121450,4747],{"class":80},[74,121452,85],{"class":84},[74,121454,121455],{"class":167}," 100\n",[74,121457,121458,121460,121462,121464,121467,121469,121471,121473,121475,121477],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,121459,89644],{"class":80},[74,121461,85],{"class":84},[74,121463,89],{"class":88},[74,121465,121466],{"class":92},"Your score is ",[74,121468,122],{"class":88},[74,121470,2097],{"class":84},[74,121472,48556],{"class":1345},[74,121474,107],{"class":106},[74,121476,85157],{"class":110},[74,121478,260],{"class":106},[74,121480,121481],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,121482,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,121484,121485,121487,121489,121491],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,121486,103],{"class":102},[74,121488,107],{"class":106},[74,121490,89661],{"class":110},[74,121492,260],{"class":106},[20,121494,121495],{},[332,121496,157],{},[65,121498,121500],{"className":67,"code":121499,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"Your score is 100\n",[15,121501,121502],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,121503,121504,121507,121509],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,121505,121506],{"class":80},"Your score ",[74,121508,11852],{"class":84},[74,121510,121455],{"class":167},[20,121512,1937,121513,121517],{},[125,121514,121515,1944],{"href":1940},[15,121516,1943],{}," can help you check.",[60,121519,121521],{"id":121520},"simple-examples","Simple examples",[262,121523,121525],{"id":121524},"convert-an-integer-to-a-string","Convert an integer to a string",[65,121527,121529],{"className":67,"code":121528,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"number = 10\ntext = str(number)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121530,121531,121539,121553,121557,121567],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,121532,121533,121535,121537],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,121534,1859],{"class":80},[74,121536,85],{"class":84},[74,121538,2231],{"class":167},[74,121540,121541,121543,121545,121547,121549,121551],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,121542,81],{"class":80},[74,121544,85],{"class":84},[74,121546,48556],{"class":1345},[74,121548,107],{"class":106},[74,121550,1881],{"class":110},[74,121552,260],{"class":106},[74,121554,121555],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,121556,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,121558,121559,121561,121563,121565],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,121560,103],{"class":102},[74,121562,107],{"class":106},[74,121564,111],{"class":110},[74,121566,260],{"class":106},[74,121568,121569,121571,121573,121575,121577,121579],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,121570,103],{"class":102},[74,121572,107],{"class":106},[74,121574,1346],{"class":1345},[74,121576,107],{"class":106},[74,121578,111],{"class":110},[74,121580,130],{"class":106},[20,121582,121583],{},[332,121584,157],{},[65,121586,121588],{"className":67,"code":121587,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"10\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121589,121590,121594],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,121591,121592],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,121593,2018],{"class":167},[74,121595,121596,121598,121600,121602,121604,121606],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,121597,2935],{"class":84},[74,121599,2938],{"class":1711},[74,121601,2941],{"class":88},[74,121603,3090],{"class":92},[74,121605,2946],{"class":88},[74,121607,2949],{"class":84},[262,121609,121611],{"id":121610},"convert-a-float-to-a-string","Convert a float to a string",[65,121613,121615],{"className":67,"code":121614,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"price = 3.14\ntext = str(price)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121616,121617,121626,121640,121644,121654],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,121618,121619,121621,121623],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,121620,40044],{"class":80},[74,121622,85],{"class":84},[74,121624,121625],{"class":167}," 3.14\n",[74,121627,121628,121630,121632,121634,121636,121638],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,121629,81],{"class":80},[74,121631,85],{"class":84},[74,121633,48556],{"class":1345},[74,121635,107],{"class":106},[74,121637,24806],{"class":110},[74,121639,260],{"class":106},[74,121641,121642],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,121643,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,121645,121646,121648,121650,121652],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,121647,103],{"class":102},[74,121649,107],{"class":106},[74,121651,111],{"class":110},[74,121653,260],{"class":106},[74,121655,121656,121658,121660,121662,121664,121666],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,121657,103],{"class":102},[74,121659,107],{"class":106},[74,121661,1346],{"class":1345},[74,121663,107],{"class":106},[74,121665,111],{"class":110},[74,121667,130],{"class":106},[20,121669,121670],{},[332,121671,157],{},[65,121673,121675],{"className":67,"code":121674,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"3.14\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121676,121677,121681],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,121678,121679],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,121680,39834],{"class":167},[74,121682,121683,121685,121687,121689,121691,121693],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,121684,2935],{"class":84},[74,121686,2938],{"class":1711},[74,121688,2941],{"class":88},[74,121690,3090],{"class":92},[74,121692,2946],{"class":88},[74,121694,2949],{"class":84},[262,121696,121698],{"id":121697},"convert-a-boolean-to-a-string","Convert a boolean to a string",[65,121700,121702],{"className":67,"code":121701,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"value = True\ntext = str(value)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121703,121704,121712,121726,121730,121740],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,121705,121706,121708,121710],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,121707,2089],{"class":80},[74,121709,85],{"class":84},[74,121711,6076],{"class":3504},[74,121713,121714,121716,121718,121720,121722,121724],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,121715,81],{"class":80},[74,121717,85],{"class":84},[74,121719,48556],{"class":1345},[74,121721,107],{"class":106},[74,121723,246],{"class":110},[74,121725,260],{"class":106},[74,121727,121728],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,121729,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,121731,121732,121734,121736,121738],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,121733,103],{"class":102},[74,121735,107],{"class":106},[74,121737,111],{"class":110},[74,121739,260],{"class":106},[74,121741,121742,121744,121746,121748,121750,121752],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,121743,103],{"class":102},[74,121745,107],{"class":106},[74,121747,1346],{"class":1345},[74,121749,107],{"class":106},[74,121751,111],{"class":110},[74,121753,130],{"class":106},[20,121755,121756],{},[332,121757,157],{},[65,121759,121761],{"className":67,"code":121760,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"True\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121762,121763,121767],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,121764,121765],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,121766,3631],{"class":3504},[74,121768,121769,121771,121773,121775,121777,121779],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,121770,2935],{"class":84},[74,121772,2938],{"class":1711},[74,121774,2941],{"class":88},[74,121776,3090],{"class":92},[74,121778,2946],{"class":88},[74,121780,2949],{"class":84},[262,121782,121784],{"id":121783},"convert-a-list-to-a-string","Convert a list to a string",[65,121786,121788],{"className":67,"code":121787,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"items = [1, 2, 3]\ntext = str(items)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121789,121790,121810,121824,121828,121838],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,121791,121792,121794,121796,121798,121800,121802,121804,121806,121808],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,121793,7435],{"class":80},[74,121795,85],{"class":84},[74,121797,3271],{"class":106},[74,121799,2632],{"class":167},[74,121801,249],{"class":106},[74,121803,620],{"class":167},[74,121805,249],{"class":106},[74,121807,2094],{"class":167},[74,121809,3284],{"class":106},[74,121811,121812,121814,121816,121818,121820,121822],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,121813,81],{"class":80},[74,121815,85],{"class":84},[74,121817,48556],{"class":1345},[74,121819,107],{"class":106},[74,121821,7466],{"class":110},[74,121823,260],{"class":106},[74,121825,121826],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,121827,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,121829,121830,121832,121834,121836],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,121831,103],{"class":102},[74,121833,107],{"class":106},[74,121835,111],{"class":110},[74,121837,260],{"class":106},[74,121839,121840,121842,121844,121846,121848,121850],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,121841,103],{"class":102},[74,121843,107],{"class":106},[74,121845,1346],{"class":1345},[74,121847,107],{"class":106},[74,121849,111],{"class":110},[74,121851,130],{"class":106},[20,121853,121854],{},[332,121855,157],{},[65,121857,121859],{"className":67,"code":121858,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121860,121861,121877],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,121862,121863,121865,121867,121869,121871,121873,121875],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,121864,742],{"class":106},[74,121866,2632],{"class":167},[74,121868,249],{"class":106},[74,121870,620],{"class":167},[74,121872,249],{"class":106},[74,121874,2094],{"class":167},[74,121876,3284],{"class":106},[74,121878,121879,121881,121883,121885,121887,121889],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,121880,2935],{"class":84},[74,121882,2938],{"class":1711},[74,121884,2941],{"class":88},[74,121886,3090],{"class":92},[74,121888,2946],{"class":88},[74,121890,2949],{"class":84},[20,121892,121893,121894,121896],{},"This gives you the string form of the list. It does ",[332,121895,334],{}," join the items into a clean sentence.",[60,121898,1260,121900],{"id":121899},"when-to-use-str",[15,121901,47336],{},[20,121903,176,121904,121906],{},[15,121905,47336],{}," when you want a text representation of another data type.",[20,121908,36082],{},[30,121910,121911,121914,121917,121920],{},[33,121912,121913],{},"Before concatenating text with numbers",[33,121915,121916],{},"Before writing mixed values to a file",[33,121918,121919],{},"Before displaying values in messages",[33,121921,121922],{},"When you want text instead of a numeric value",[20,121924,506],{},[65,121926,121928],{"className":67,"code":121927,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 25\n\nmessage = name + \" is \" + str(age) + \" years old.\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,121929,121930,121942,121950,121954,121989],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,121931,121932,121934,121936,121938,121940],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,121933,7533],{"class":80},[74,121935,85],{"class":84},[74,121937,89],{"class":88},[74,121939,11166],{"class":92},[74,121941,96],{"class":88},[74,121943,121944,121946,121948],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,121945,21284],{"class":80},[74,121947,85],{"class":84},[74,121949,44879],{"class":167},[74,121951,121952],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,121953,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,121955,121956,121958,121960,121962,121964,121966,121968,121970,121972,121974,121976,121978,121980,121982,121984,121987],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,121957,89644],{"class":80},[74,121959,85],{"class":84},[74,121961,35626],{"class":80},[74,121963,1706],{"class":84},[74,121965,89],{"class":88},[74,121967,4435],{"class":92},[74,121969,122],{"class":88},[74,121971,2097],{"class":84},[74,121973,48556],{"class":1345},[74,121975,107],{"class":106},[74,121977,8955],{"class":110},[74,121979,3311],{"class":106},[74,121981,2097],{"class":84},[74,121983,89],{"class":88},[74,121985,121986],{"class":92}," years old.",[74,121988,96],{"class":88},[74,121990,121991,121993,121995,121997],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,121992,103],{"class":102},[74,121994,107],{"class":106},[74,121996,89661],{"class":110},[74,121998,260],{"class":106},[20,122000,122001],{},[332,122002,157],{},[65,122004,122006],{"className":67,"code":122005,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"Maya is 25 years old.\n",[15,122007,122008],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,122009,122010,122013,122015,122017,122020],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,122011,122012],{"class":80},"Maya ",[74,122014,11852],{"class":84},[74,122016,8962],{"class":167},[74,122018,122019],{"class":80}," years old",[74,122021,122022],{"class":106},".\n",[20,122024,122025,122026,114],{},"If you need help with cleaner message building, see ",[125,122027,89330],{"href":89329},[60,122029,122031,10243,122033],{"id":122030},"str-vs-print",[15,122032,47336],{},[15,122034,46106],{},[20,122036,122037],{},"These two functions do different jobs:",[30,122039,122040,122045],{},[33,122041,122042,122044],{},[15,122043,47336],{}," converts a value and returns a string",[33,122046,122047,122049],{},[15,122048,46106],{}," displays output on the screen",[20,122051,506],{},[65,122053,122055],{"className":67,"code":122054,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"value = 42\n\ntext = str(value)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,122056,122057,122065,122069,122083,122093,122107],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,122058,122059,122061,122063],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,122060,2089],{"class":80},[74,122062,85],{"class":84},[74,122064,2413],{"class":167},[74,122066,122067],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,122068,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,122070,122071,122073,122075,122077,122079,122081],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,122072,81],{"class":80},[74,122074,85],{"class":84},[74,122076,48556],{"class":1345},[74,122078,107],{"class":106},[74,122080,246],{"class":110},[74,122082,260],{"class":106},[74,122084,122085,122087,122089,122091],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,122086,103],{"class":102},[74,122088,107],{"class":106},[74,122090,111],{"class":110},[74,122092,260],{"class":106},[74,122094,122095,122097,122099,122101,122103,122105],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,122096,103],{"class":102},[74,122098,107],{"class":106},[74,122100,1346],{"class":1345},[74,122102,107],{"class":106},[74,122104,111],{"class":110},[74,122106,130],{"class":106},[74,122108,122109,122111,122113,122115,122117,122119],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,122110,103],{"class":102},[74,122112,107],{"class":106},[74,122114,1346],{"class":1345},[74,122116,107],{"class":106},[74,122118,246],{"class":110},[74,122120,130],{"class":106},[20,122122,122123],{},[332,122124,157],{},[65,122126,122128],{"className":67,"code":122127,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,122129,122130,122134,122148],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,122131,122132],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,122133,46266],{"class":167},[74,122135,122136,122138,122140,122142,122144,122146],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,122137,2935],{"class":84},[74,122139,2938],{"class":1711},[74,122141,2941],{"class":88},[74,122143,3090],{"class":92},[74,122145,2946],{"class":88},[74,122147,2949],{"class":84},[74,122149,122150,122152,122154,122156,122158,122160],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,122151,2935],{"class":84},[74,122153,2938],{"class":1711},[74,122155,2941],{"class":88},[74,122157,1831],{"class":92},[74,122159,2946],{"class":88},[74,122161,2949],{"class":84},[20,122163,122164],{},"Notice:",[30,122166,122167,122173,122178],{},[33,122168,122169,122172],{},[15,122170,122171],{},"str(value)"," created a string",[33,122174,122175,122177],{},[15,122176,46106],{}," only displayed values",[33,122179,122180,122182,122183,122185,122186,60948,122188],{},[15,122181,46106],{}," did not change ",[15,122184,246],{}," from ",[15,122187,1831],{},[15,122189,3090],{},[20,122191,122192,122193,114],{},"You can learn more about output with the ",[125,122194,122195,1944],{"href":46103},[15,122196,46106],{},[60,122198,122200,10243,122202,122205],{"id":122199},"str-vs-repr-for-beginners",[15,122201,47336],{},[15,122203,122204],{},"repr()"," for beginners",[20,122207,122208],{},"For beginners, the main idea is simple:",[30,122210,122211,122216],{},[33,122212,122213,122215],{},[15,122214,47336],{}," is the more readable text version",[33,122217,122218,122220],{},[15,122219,122204],{}," is more developer-focused",[20,122222,122223,122224,122226],{},"In everyday beginner code, you will usually need ",[15,122225,47336],{}," much more often.",[20,122228,122229,122230,122232],{},"For example, when showing values in a message, ",[15,122231,47336],{}," is usually the right choice.",[60,122234,4170],{"id":4169},[262,122236,25431,122238,122240],{"id":122237},"thinking-str-changes-the-original-variable",[15,122239,47336],{}," changes the original variable",[20,122242,122243,122245],{},[15,122244,47336],{}," does not modify the original value. It returns a new string.",[65,122247,122249],{"className":67,"code":122248,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122250,122251,122259,122273,122277,122287,122301,122311],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,122252,122253,122255,122257],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,122254,21284],{"class":80},[74,122256,85],{"class":84},[74,122258,44879],{"class":167},[74,122260,122261,122263,122265,122267,122269,122271],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,122262,81],{"class":80},[74,122264,85],{"class":84},[74,122266,48556],{"class":1345},[74,122268,107],{"class":106},[74,122270,8955],{"class":110},[74,122272,260],{"class":106},[74,122274,122275],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,122276,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,122278,122279,122281,122283,122285],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,122280,103],{"class":102},[74,122282,107],{"class":106},[74,122284,8955],{"class":110},[74,122286,260],{"class":106},[74,122288,122289,122291,122293,122295,122297,122299],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,122290,103],{"class":102},[74,122292,107],{"class":106},[74,122294,1346],{"class":1345},[74,122296,107],{"class":106},[74,122298,8955],{"class":110},[74,122300,130],{"class":106},[74,122302,122303,122305,122307,122309],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,122304,103],{"class":102},[74,122306,107],{"class":106},[74,122308,111],{"class":110},[74,122310,260],{"class":106},[74,122312,122313,122315,122317,122319,122321,122323],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,122314,103],{"class":102},[74,122316,107],{"class":106},[74,122318,1346],{"class":1345},[74,122320,107],{"class":106},[74,122322,111],{"class":110},[74,122324,130],{"class":106},[20,122326,122327],{},[332,122328,157],{},[65,122330,122332],{"className":67,"code":122331,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122333,122334,122338,122352,122356],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,122335,122336],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,122337,2353],{"class":167},[74,122339,122340,122342,122344,122346,122348,122350],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,122341,2935],{"class":84},[74,122343,2938],{"class":1711},[74,122345,2941],{"class":88},[74,122347,1831],{"class":92},[74,122349,2946],{"class":88},[74,122351,2949],{"class":84},[74,122353,122354],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,122355,2353],{"class":167},[74,122357,122358,122360,122362,122364,122366,122368],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,122359,2935],{"class":84},[74,122361,2938],{"class":1711},[74,122363,2941],{"class":88},[74,122365,3090],{"class":92},[74,122367,2946],{"class":88},[74,122369,2949],{"class":84},[262,122371,122373],{"id":122372},"forgetting-to-store-the-result","Forgetting to store the result",[20,122375,6341],{},[65,122377,122379],{"className":67,"code":122378,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n",[15,122380,122381,122389],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,122382,122383,122385,122387],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,122384,21284],{"class":80},[74,122386,85],{"class":84},[74,122388,44879],{"class":167},[74,122390,122391,122393,122395,122397,122399,122401],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,122392,81],{"class":80},[74,122394,85],{"class":84},[74,122396,48556],{"class":1345},[74,122398,107],{"class":106},[74,122400,8955],{"class":110},[74,122402,260],{"class":106},[20,122404,122405],{},"But if you only do this:",[65,122407,122409],{"className":67,"code":122408,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"age = 25\nstr(age)\n",[15,122410,122411,122419],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,122412,122413,122415,122417],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,122414,21284],{"class":80},[74,122416,85],{"class":84},[74,122418,44879],{"class":167},[74,122420,122421,122423,122425,122427],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,122422,3090],{"class":1345},[74,122424,107],{"class":106},[74,122426,8955],{"class":110},[74,122428,260],{"class":106},[20,122430,122431],{},"the conversion happens, but you did not save the result anywhere.",[262,122433,571,122435,122437],{"id":122434},"using-str-too-early",[15,122436,47336],{}," too early",[20,122439,122440],{},"If you convert a number to a string, you can no longer use it directly for math.",[65,122442,122444],{"className":67,"code":122443,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"price = 10\ntext_price = str(price)\n\n# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[15,122445,122446,122454,122469,122473],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,122447,122448,122450,122452],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,122449,40044],{"class":80},[74,122451,85],{"class":84},[74,122453,2231],{"class":167},[74,122455,122456,122459,122461,122463,122465,122467],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,122457,122458],{"class":80},"text_price ",[74,122460,85],{"class":84},[74,122462,48556],{"class":1345},[74,122464,107],{"class":106},[74,122466,24806],{"class":110},[74,122468,260],{"class":106},[74,122470,122471],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,122472,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,122474,122475],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,122476,122477],{"class":3314},"# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[20,122479,122480,122481,339,122485,122489],{},"If you need a number again, convert it back with ",[125,122482,122483],{"href":2518},[15,122484,2521],{},[125,122486,122487],{"href":2524},[15,122488,2527],{},", depending on the situation.",[262,122491,923,122493,122496],{"id":122492},"expecting-strlist_value-to-create-user-friendly-formatting",[15,122494,122495],{},"str(list_value)"," to create user-friendly formatting",[20,122498,64289],{},[65,122500,122502],{"className":67,"code":122501,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nprint(str(items))\n",[15,122503,122504,122536],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,122505,122506,122508,122510,122512,122514,122516,122518,122520,122522,122524,122526,122528,122530,122532,122534],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,122507,7435],{"class":80},[74,122509,85],{"class":84},[74,122511,3271],{"class":106},[74,122513,122],{"class":88},[74,122515,376],{"class":92},[74,122517,122],{"class":88},[74,122519,249],{"class":106},[74,122521,89],{"class":88},[74,122523,93],{"class":92},[74,122525,122],{"class":88},[74,122527,249],{"class":106},[74,122529,89],{"class":88},[74,122531,32878],{"class":92},[74,122533,122],{"class":88},[74,122535,3284],{"class":106},[74,122537,122538,122540,122542,122544,122546,122548],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,122539,103],{"class":102},[74,122541,107],{"class":106},[74,122543,3090],{"class":1345},[74,122545,107],{"class":106},[74,122547,7466],{"class":110},[74,122549,130],{"class":106},[20,122551,122552],{},"prints:",[65,122554,122555],{"className":67,"code":72476,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,122556,122557],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,122558,122559,122561,122563,122565,122567,122569,122571,122573,122575,122577,122579,122581,122583],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,122560,742],{"class":106},[74,122562,2946],{"class":88},[74,122564,376],{"class":92},[74,122566,2946],{"class":88},[74,122568,249],{"class":106},[74,122570,2941],{"class":88},[74,122572,93],{"class":92},[74,122574,2946],{"class":88},[74,122576,249],{"class":106},[74,122578,2941],{"class":88},[74,122580,32878],{"class":92},[74,122582,2946],{"class":88},[74,122584,3284],{"class":106},[20,122586,122587],{},"That is the string representation of the list. It is not the same as a nicely formatted sentence.",[60,122589,305],{"id":304},[20,122591,122592,21631,122594,114],{},[15,122593,47336],{},[332,122595,122596],{},"new string",[20,122598,11117],{},[30,122600,122601,122604,122607],{},[33,122602,122603],{},"It always returns a string",[33,122605,122606],{},"It does not modify the original object",[33,122608,7418,122609,122613],{},[125,122610,122611],{"href":1940},[15,122612,1943],{}," to confirm the result",[20,122615,506],{},[65,122617,122619],{"className":67,"code":122618,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"value = 99\nconverted = str(value)\n\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,122620,122621,122629,122644,122648,122659],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,122622,122623,122625,122627],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,122624,2089],{"class":80},[74,122626,85],{"class":84},[74,122628,13788],{"class":167},[74,122630,122631,122634,122636,122638,122640,122642],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,122632,122633],{"class":80},"converted ",[74,122635,85],{"class":84},[74,122637,48556],{"class":1345},[74,122639,107],{"class":106},[74,122641,246],{"class":110},[74,122643,260],{"class":106},[74,122645,122646],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,122647,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,122649,122650,122652,122654,122657],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,122651,103],{"class":102},[74,122653,107],{"class":106},[74,122655,122656],{"class":110},"converted",[74,122658,260],{"class":106},[74,122660,122661,122663,122665,122667,122669,122671],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,122662,103],{"class":102},[74,122664,107],{"class":106},[74,122666,1346],{"class":1345},[74,122668,107],{"class":106},[74,122670,122656],{"class":110},[74,122672,130],{"class":106},[20,122674,122675],{},[332,122676,157],{},[65,122678,122680],{"className":67,"code":122679,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"99\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122681,122682,122687],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,122683,122684],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,122685,122686],{"class":167},"99\n",[74,122688,122689,122691,122693,122695,122697,122699],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,122690,2935],{"class":84},[74,122692,2938],{"class":1711},[74,122694,2941],{"class":88},[74,122696,3090],{"class":92},[74,122698,2946],{"class":88},[74,122700,2949],{"class":84},[60,122702,113362],{"id":113361},[20,122704,122705,122706,74454],{},"Beginners usually run into trouble with ",[15,122707,47336],{},[30,122709,122710,122713,122716,122721],{},[33,122711,122712],{},"Trying to add a string and an integer without conversion",[33,122714,122715],{},"Confusing conversion with printing",[33,122717,571,122718,122720],{},[15,122719,47336],{}," too early and then trying to do math on the result",[33,122722,122723],{},"Assuming list or dictionary conversion creates user-friendly formatting",[20,122725,122726,122727,114],{},"A very common related error happens when you try to combine text and a number directly. If that is your problem, see ",[125,122728,25336,122729],{"href":90042},[15,122730,90043],{},[60,122732,122734],{"id":122733},"useful-debugging-steps","Useful debugging steps",[20,122736,122737],{},"If you are not sure what is happening, print both the value and its type:",[65,122739,122741],{"className":67,"code":122740,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"value = 25\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nconverted = str(value)\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,122742,122743,122751,122755,122765,122779,122783,122797,122807],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,122744,122745,122747,122749],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,122746,2089],{"class":80},[74,122748,85],{"class":84},[74,122750,44879],{"class":167},[74,122752,122753],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,122754,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,122756,122757,122759,122761,122763],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,122758,103],{"class":102},[74,122760,107],{"class":106},[74,122762,246],{"class":110},[74,122764,260],{"class":106},[74,122766,122767,122769,122771,122773,122775,122777],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,122768,103],{"class":102},[74,122770,107],{"class":106},[74,122772,1346],{"class":1345},[74,122774,107],{"class":106},[74,122776,246],{"class":110},[74,122778,130],{"class":106},[74,122780,122781],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,122782,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,122784,122785,122787,122789,122791,122793,122795],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,122786,122633],{"class":80},[74,122788,85],{"class":84},[74,122790,48556],{"class":1345},[74,122792,107],{"class":106},[74,122794,246],{"class":110},[74,122796,260],{"class":106},[74,122798,122799,122801,122803,122805],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,122800,103],{"class":102},[74,122802,107],{"class":106},[74,122804,122656],{"class":110},[74,122806,260],{"class":106},[74,122808,122809,122811,122813,122815,122817,122819],{"class":76,"line":6079},[74,122810,103],{"class":102},[74,122812,107],{"class":106},[74,122814,1346],{"class":1345},[74,122816,107],{"class":106},[74,122818,122656],{"class":110},[74,122820,130],{"class":106},[20,122822,122823,122824,220,122826,122828,122829,114],{},"This helps you see exactly when a value changes from ",[15,122825,1831],{},[15,122827,1834],{},", or another type into ",[15,122830,3090],{},[60,122832,1471],{"id":1470},[262,122834,1495,122836,4796],{"id":122835},"what-does-str-return-in-python",[15,122837,47336],{},[20,122839,122840],{},"It returns a string version of the value you pass in.",[262,122842,1517,122844,122846],{"id":122843},"does-str-change-the-original-variable",[15,122845,47336],{}," change the original variable?",[20,122848,122849],{},"No. It creates and returns a new string.",[262,122851,1507,122853,122855],{"id":122852},"can-str-convert-numbers-to-text",[15,122854,47336],{}," convert numbers to text?",[20,122857,122858],{},"Yes. It can convert integers, floats, and other values into strings.",[262,122860,94227,122862,122864],{"id":122861},"why-use-str-before-combining-text-and-numbers",[15,122863,47336],{}," before combining text and numbers?",[20,122866,122867],{},"Because Python does not let you directly concatenate a string with an integer or float.",[262,122869,1485,122871,56858,122873,2135],{"id":122870},"is-str-the-same-as-print",[15,122872,47336],{},[15,122874,46106],{},[20,122876,46019,122877,122879,122880,122882],{},[15,122878,47336],{}," converts to text. ",[15,122881,46106],{}," shows output.",[60,122884,1527],{"id":1526},[30,122886,122887,122893,122899,122905,122911,122920,122924],{},[33,122888,122889],{},[125,122890,122891,3156],{"href":46103},[15,122892,46106],{},[33,122894,122895],{},[125,122896,122897,3156],{"href":1940},[15,122898,1943],{},[33,122900,122901],{},[125,122902,122903,3156],{"href":2518},[15,122904,2521],{},[33,122906,122907],{},[125,122908,122909,3156],{"href":2524},[15,122910,2527],{},[33,122912,122913],{},[125,122914,122916,122917,122919],{"href":122915},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-int-to-string-in-python\u002F","How to convert ",[15,122918,1831],{}," to string in Python",[33,122921,122922],{},[125,122923,90319],{"href":89329},[33,122925,122926],{},[125,122927,30003,122928],{"href":90042},[15,122929,90043],{},[1566,122931,122932],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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does",{"id":226,"depth":99,"text":227},{"id":121520,"depth":99,"text":121521,"children":122940},[122941,122942,122943,122944],{"id":121524,"depth":133,"text":121525},{"id":121610,"depth":133,"text":121611},{"id":121697,"depth":133,"text":121698},{"id":121783,"depth":133,"text":121784},{"id":121899,"depth":99,"text":122946},"When to use str()",{"id":122030,"depth":99,"text":122948},"str() vs print()",{"id":122199,"depth":99,"text":122950},"str() vs repr() for beginners",{"id":4169,"depth":99,"text":4170,"children":122952},[122953,122955,122956,122958],{"id":122237,"depth":133,"text":122954},"Thinking str() changes the original variable",{"id":122372,"depth":133,"text":122373},{"id":122434,"depth":133,"text":122957},"Using str() too early",{"id":122492,"depth":133,"text":122959},"Expecting str(list_value) to create user-friendly 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String: Creating a String",{"type":7,"value":124279,"toc":125836},[124280,124283,124286,124383,124392,124394,124413,124417,124420,124423,124436,124439,124468,124473,124478,124536,124538,124571,124577,124581,124584,124587,124616,124619,124646,124649,124652,124656,124659,124666,124729,124731,124749,124752,124756,124759,124762,124804,124807,124851,124854,124857,124861,124866,124869,124912,124914,124937,124940,124973,124976,125025,125035,125039,125042,125045,125074,125077,125088,125090,125149,125152,125156,125159,125162,125177,125186,125189,125223,125226,125253,125256,125263,125265,125268,125270,125273,125287,125296,125298,125325,125329,125332,125346,125349,125408,125412,125415,125442,125445,125472,125480,125483,125543,125545,125578,125582,125585,125604,125609,125658,125663,125665,125668,125727,125745,125747,125751,125759,125763,125766,125770,125776,125780,125790,125794,125797,125799,125833],[10,124281,124277],{"id":124282},"python-string-creating-a-string",[20,124284,124285],{},"Learn the basic ways to create strings in Python. This page focuses only on making string values, not changing or processing them.",[65,124287,124289],{"className":67,"code":124288,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"name = \"Alice\"\nmessage = 'Hello'\nempty = \"\"\ntext = str(123)\n\nprint(name)\nprint(message)\nprint(empty)\nprint(text)\n",[15,124290,124291,124303,124315,124324,124338,124342,124352,124362,124373],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,124292,124293,124295,124297,124299,124301],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,124294,7533],{"class":80},[74,124296,85],{"class":84},[74,124298,89],{"class":88},[74,124300,4655],{"class":92},[74,124302,96],{"class":88},[74,124304,124305,124307,124309,124311,124313],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,124306,89644],{"class":80},[74,124308,85],{"class":84},[74,124310,2941],{"class":88},[74,124312,34524],{"class":92},[74,124314,29355],{"class":88},[74,124316,124317,124320,124322],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,124318,124319],{"class":80},"empty ",[74,124321,85],{"class":84},[74,124323,7538],{"class":88},[74,124325,124326,124328,124330,124332,124334,124336],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,124327,81],{"class":80},[74,124329,85],{"class":84},[74,124331,48556],{"class":1345},[74,124333,107],{"class":106},[74,124335,49898],{"class":167},[74,124337,260],{"class":106},[74,124339,124340],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,124341,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,124343,124344,124346,124348,124350],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,124345,103],{"class":102},[74,124347,107],{"class":106},[74,124349,7323],{"class":110},[74,124351,260],{"class":106},[74,124353,124354,124356,124358,124360],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,124355,103],{"class":102},[74,124357,107],{"class":106},[74,124359,89661],{"class":110},[74,124361,260],{"class":106},[74,124363,124364,124366,124368,124371],{"class":76,"line":6079},[74,124365,103],{"class":102},[74,124367,107],{"class":106},[74,124369,124370],{"class":110},"empty",[74,124372,260],{"class":106},[74,124374,124375,124377,124379,124381],{"class":76,"line":6085},[74,124376,103],{"class":102},[74,124378,107],{"class":106},[74,124380,111],{"class":110},[74,124382,260],{"class":106},[20,124384,124385,124388,124389,124391],{},[332,124386,124387],{},"Note:"," Use single quotes, double quotes, or ",[15,124390,47336],{}," to create a string. Triple quotes are useful for multi-line text.",[60,124393,14820],{"id":14819},[30,124395,124396,124399,124402,124405,124410],{},[33,124397,124398],{},"What a string is in Python",[33,124400,124401],{},"How to create a string with quotes",[33,124403,124404],{},"How to create an empty string",[33,124406,124407,124408],{},"How to convert other values to strings with ",[15,124409,47336],{},[33,124411,124412],{},"When to use single, double, or triple quotes",[60,124414,124416],{"id":124415},"what-a-string-is","What a string is",[20,124418,124419],{},"A string is text data in Python.",[20,124421,124422],{},"Strings can contain:",[30,124424,124425,124428,124430,124433],{},[33,124426,124427],{},"Letters",[33,124429,56114],{},[33,124431,124432],{},"Spaces",[33,124434,124435],{},"Symbols",[20,124437,124438],{},"Examples of strings:",[65,124440,124442],{"className":67,"code":124441,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"\"hello\"\n\"123\"\n\"Python is fun\"\n",[15,124443,124444,124452,124460],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,124445,124446,124448,124450],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,124447,122],{"class":42983},[74,124449,3497],{"class":42987},[74,124451,96],{"class":42983},[74,124453,124454,124456,124458],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,124455,122],{"class":42983},[74,124457,49898],{"class":42987},[74,124459,96],{"class":42983},[74,124461,124462,124464,124466],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,124463,122],{"class":42983},[74,124465,88786],{"class":42987},[74,124467,96],{"class":42983},[20,124469,20633,124470,124472],{},[15,124471,49948],{}," looks like a number, it is a string because it is inside quotes.",[20,124474,124475,124476,679],{},"You can check the type with ",[15,124477,1943],{},[65,124479,124481],{"className":67,"code":124480,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = 123\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,124482,124483,124495,124504,124508,124522],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,124484,124485,124487,124489,124491,124493],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,124486,81],{"class":80},[74,124488,85],{"class":84},[74,124490,89],{"class":88},[74,124492,49898],{"class":92},[74,124494,96],{"class":88},[74,124496,124497,124499,124501],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,124498,1859],{"class":80},[74,124500,85],{"class":84},[74,124502,124503],{"class":167}," 123\n",[74,124505,124506],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,124507,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,124509,124510,124512,124514,124516,124518,124520],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,124511,103],{"class":102},[74,124513,107],{"class":106},[74,124515,1346],{"class":1345},[74,124517,107],{"class":106},[74,124519,111],{"class":110},[74,124521,130],{"class":106},[74,124523,124524,124526,124528,124530,124532,124534],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,124525,103],{"class":102},[74,124527,107],{"class":106},[74,124529,1346],{"class":1345},[74,124531,107],{"class":106},[74,124533,1881],{"class":110},[74,124535,130],{"class":106},[20,124537,157],{},[65,124539,124541],{"className":67,"code":124540,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,124542,124543,124557],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,124544,124545,124547,124549,124551,124553,124555],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,124546,2935],{"class":84},[74,124548,2938],{"class":1711},[74,124550,2941],{"class":88},[74,124552,3090],{"class":92},[74,124554,2946],{"class":88},[74,124556,2949],{"class":84},[74,124558,124559,124561,124563,124565,124567,124569],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,124560,2935],{"class":84},[74,124562,2938],{"class":1711},[74,124564,2941],{"class":88},[74,124566,1831],{"class":92},[74,124568,2946],{"class":88},[74,124570,2949],{"class":84},[20,124572,124573,124574,114],{},"If you are new to strings, see ",[125,124575,124576],{"href":50627},"Python strings explained: basics and examples",[60,124578,124580],{"id":124579},"create-a-string-with-quotes","Create a string with quotes",[20,124582,124583],{},"The most common way to create a string is to put text inside quotes.",[20,124585,124586],{},"You can use single quotes:",[65,124588,124590],{"className":67,"code":124589,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"greeting = 'hello'\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,124591,124592,124605],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,124593,124594,124597,124599,124601,124603],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,124595,124596],{"class":80},"greeting ",[74,124598,85],{"class":84},[74,124600,2941],{"class":88},[74,124602,3497],{"class":92},[74,124604,29355],{"class":88},[74,124606,124607,124609,124611,124614],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,124608,103],{"class":102},[74,124610,107],{"class":106},[74,124612,124613],{"class":110},"greeting",[74,124615,260],{"class":106},[20,124617,124618],{},"Or double quotes:",[65,124620,124622],{"className":67,"code":124621,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"greeting = \"hello\"\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,124623,124624,124636],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,124625,124626,124628,124630,124632,124634],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,124627,124596],{"class":80},[74,124629,85],{"class":84},[74,124631,89],{"class":88},[74,124633,3497],{"class":92},[74,124635,96],{"class":88},[74,124637,124638,124640,124642,124644],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,124639,103],{"class":102},[74,124641,107],{"class":106},[74,124643,124613],{"class":110},[74,124645,260],{"class":106},[20,124647,124648],{},"Both create a string. In most cases, there is no difference.",[20,124650,124651],{},"Choose the style that makes your text easier to write.",[60,124653,124655],{"id":124654},"create-an-empty-string","Create an empty string",[20,124657,124658],{},"An empty string is a string with no characters in it.",[20,124660,124661,124662,339,124664,679],{},"Use either ",[15,124663,5924],{},[15,124665,3424],{},[65,124667,124669],{"className":67,"code":124668,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"empty1 = \"\"\nempty2 = ''\n\nprint(empty1)\nprint(empty2)\nprint(type(empty1))\n",[15,124670,124671,124680,124689,124693,124704,124715],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,124672,124673,124676,124678],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,124674,124675],{"class":80},"empty1 ",[74,124677,85],{"class":84},[74,124679,7538],{"class":88},[74,124681,124682,124685,124687],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,124683,124684],{"class":80},"empty2 ",[74,124686,85],{"class":84},[74,124688,47148],{"class":88},[74,124690,124691],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,124692,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,124694,124695,124697,124699,124702],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,124696,103],{"class":102},[74,124698,107],{"class":106},[74,124700,124701],{"class":110},"empty1",[74,124703,260],{"class":106},[74,124705,124706,124708,124710,124713],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,124707,103],{"class":102},[74,124709,107],{"class":106},[74,124711,124712],{"class":110},"empty2",[74,124714,260],{"class":106},[74,124716,124717,124719,124721,124723,124725,124727],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,124718,103],{"class":102},[74,124720,107],{"class":106},[74,124722,1346],{"class":1345},[74,124724,107],{"class":106},[74,124726,124701],{"class":110},[74,124728,130],{"class":106},[20,124730,157],{},[65,124732,124733],{"className":67,"code":45424,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,124734,124735],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,124736,124737,124739,124741,124743,124745,124747],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,124738,2935],{"class":84},[74,124740,2938],{"class":1711},[74,124742,2941],{"class":88},[74,124744,3090],{"class":92},[74,124746,2946],{"class":88},[74,124748,2949],{"class":84},[20,124750,124751],{},"An empty string is often used as a starting value before adding text later.",[60,124753,124755],{"id":124754},"create-a-multi-line-string","Create a multi-line string",[20,124757,124758],{},"Use triple quotes when you want text to span more than one line.",[20,124760,124761],{},"You can use triple double quotes:",[65,124763,124765],{"className":67,"code":124764,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"message = \"\"\"Hello\nWelcome to Python\nHave a nice day\"\"\"\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,124766,124767,124778,124783,124790,124794],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,124768,124769,124771,124773,124776],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,124770,89644],{"class":80},[74,124772,85],{"class":84},[74,124774,124775],{"class":88}," \"\"\"",[74,124777,88586],{"class":92},[74,124779,124780],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,124781,124782],{"class":92},"Welcome to Python\n",[74,124784,124785,124788],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,124786,124787],{"class":92},"Have a nice day",[74,124789,42991],{"class":88},[74,124791,124792],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,124793,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,124795,124796,124798,124800,124802],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,124797,103],{"class":102},[74,124799,107],{"class":106},[74,124801,89661],{"class":110},[74,124803,260],{"class":106},[20,124805,124806],{},"Or triple single quotes:",[65,124808,124810],{"className":67,"code":124809,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"message = '''Line 1\nLine 2\nLine 3'''\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,124811,124812,124824,124829,124837,124841],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,124813,124814,124816,124818,124821],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,124815,89644],{"class":80},[74,124817,85],{"class":84},[74,124819,124820],{"class":88}," '''",[74,124822,124823],{"class":92},"Line 1\n",[74,124825,124826],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,124827,124828],{"class":92},"Line 2\n",[74,124830,124831,124834],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,124832,124833],{"class":92},"Line 3",[74,124835,124836],{"class":88},"'''\n",[74,124838,124839],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,124840,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,124842,124843,124845,124847,124849],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,124844,103],{"class":102},[74,124846,107],{"class":106},[74,124848,89661],{"class":110},[74,124850,260],{"class":106},[20,124852,124853],{},"Python keeps the line breaks inside the string.",[20,124855,124856],{},"Use triple quotes when you really need multiple lines. For normal one-line text, single or double quotes are usually clearer.",[60,124858,124860],{"id":124859},"convert-values-to-strings-with-str","Convert values to strings with str()",[20,124862,1627,124863,124865],{},[15,124864,47336],{}," function converts other values into strings.",[20,124867,124868],{},"Example with a number:",[65,124870,124872],{"className":67,"code":124871,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = str(42)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,124873,124874,124888,124898],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,124875,124876,124878,124880,124882,124884,124886],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,124877,81],{"class":80},[74,124879,85],{"class":84},[74,124881,48556],{"class":1345},[74,124883,107],{"class":106},[74,124885,46180],{"class":167},[74,124887,260],{"class":106},[74,124889,124890,124892,124894,124896],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,124891,103],{"class":102},[74,124893,107],{"class":106},[74,124895,111],{"class":110},[74,124897,260],{"class":106},[74,124899,124900,124902,124904,124906,124908,124910],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,124901,103],{"class":102},[74,124903,107],{"class":106},[74,124905,1346],{"class":1345},[74,124907,107],{"class":106},[74,124909,111],{"class":110},[74,124911,130],{"class":106},[20,124913,157],{},[65,124915,124917],{"className":67,"code":124916,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,124918,124919,124923],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,124920,124921],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,124922,46266],{"class":167},[74,124924,124925,124927,124929,124931,124933,124935],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,124926,2935],{"class":84},[74,124928,2938],{"class":1711},[74,124930,2941],{"class":88},[74,124932,3090],{"class":92},[74,124934,2946],{"class":88},[74,124936,2949],{"class":84},[20,124938,124939],{},"You can also convert other values:",[65,124941,124943],{"className":67,"code":124942,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(str(True))\nprint(str(3.14))\n",[15,124944,124945,124959],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,124946,124947,124949,124951,124953,124955,124957],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,124948,103],{"class":102},[74,124950,107],{"class":106},[74,124952,3090],{"class":1345},[74,124954,107],{"class":106},[74,124956,338],{"class":3504},[74,124958,130],{"class":106},[74,124960,124961,124963,124965,124967,124969,124971],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,124962,103],{"class":102},[74,124964,107],{"class":106},[74,124966,3090],{"class":1345},[74,124968,107],{"class":106},[74,124970,39800],{"class":167},[74,124972,130],{"class":106},[20,124974,124975],{},"This is useful when you need to combine text with other data.",[65,124977,124979],{"className":67,"code":124978,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"age = 25\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,124980,124981,124989,125011,125015],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,124982,124983,124985,124987],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,124984,21284],{"class":80},[74,124986,85],{"class":84},[74,124988,44879],{"class":167},[74,124990,124991,124993,124995,124997,124999,125001,125003,125005,125007,125009],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,124992,89644],{"class":80},[74,124994,85],{"class":84},[74,124996,89],{"class":88},[74,124998,89062],{"class":92},[74,125000,122],{"class":88},[74,125002,2097],{"class":84},[74,125004,48556],{"class":1345},[74,125006,107],{"class":106},[74,125008,8955],{"class":110},[74,125010,260],{"class":106},[74,125012,125013],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,125014,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,125016,125017,125019,125021,125023],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,125018,103],{"class":102},[74,125020,107],{"class":106},[74,125022,89661],{"class":110},[74,125024,260],{"class":106},[20,125026,125027,125028,339,125032,114],{},"If you want to learn this function in more detail, see ",[125,125029,3223,125030,3156],{"href":41830},[15,125031,47336],{},[125,125033,125034],{"href":122915},"how to convert int to string in Python",[60,125036,125038],{"id":125037},"single-quotes-vs-double-quotes","Single quotes vs double quotes",[20,125040,125041],{},"There is no major difference between single quotes and double quotes for normal strings.",[20,125043,125044],{},"Both of these are valid:",[65,125046,125048],{"className":67,"code":125047,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"a = 'Python'\nb = \"Python\"\n",[15,125049,125050,125062],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,125051,125052,125054,125056,125058,125060],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,125053,2198],{"class":80},[74,125055,85],{"class":84},[74,125057,2941],{"class":88},[74,125059,6951],{"class":92},[74,125061,29355],{"class":88},[74,125063,125064,125066,125068,125070,125072],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,125065,2226],{"class":80},[74,125067,85],{"class":84},[74,125069,89],{"class":88},[74,125071,6951],{"class":92},[74,125073,96],{"class":88},[20,125075,125076],{},"A common rule is:",[30,125078,125079,125082,125085],{},[33,125080,125081],{},"Use double quotes if the text contains a single quote",[33,125083,125084],{},"Use single quotes if the text contains double quotes",[33,125086,125087],{},"Pick one style and stay consistent",[20,125089,506],{},[65,125091,125093],{"className":67,"code":125092,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text1 = \"It's working\"\ntext2 = 'She said \"hello\"'\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,125094,125095,125109,125123,125127,125138],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,125096,125097,125100,125102,125104,125107],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,125098,125099],{"class":80},"text1 ",[74,125101,85],{"class":84},[74,125103,89],{"class":88},[74,125105,125106],{"class":92},"It's working",[74,125108,96],{"class":88},[74,125110,125111,125114,125116,125118,125121],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,125112,125113],{"class":80},"text2 ",[74,125115,85],{"class":84},[74,125117,2941],{"class":88},[74,125119,125120],{"class":92},"She said \"hello\"",[74,125122,29355],{"class":88},[74,125124,125125],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,125126,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,125128,125129,125131,125133,125136],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,125130,103],{"class":102},[74,125132,107],{"class":106},[74,125134,125135],{"class":110},"text1",[74,125137,260],{"class":106},[74,125139,125140,125142,125144,125147],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,125141,103],{"class":102},[74,125143,107],{"class":106},[74,125145,125146],{"class":110},"text2",[74,125148,260],{"class":106},[20,125150,125151],{},"This helps you avoid unnecessary escaping.",[60,125153,125155],{"id":125154},"escaping-quote-characters","Escaping quote characters",[20,125157,125158],{},"A quote character can end a string too early if it matches the quote used to start the string.",[20,125160,125161],{},"For example, this causes a problem:",[65,125163,125165],{"className":67,"code":125164,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's working'\n",[15,125166,125167,125172],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,125168,125169],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,125170,125171],{"class":3314},"# This will cause an error\n",[74,125173,125174],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,125175,125176],{"class":3314},"# text = 'It's working'\n",[20,125178,125179,125180,34987,125182,125185],{},"Python sees the second ",[15,125181,2946],{},[15,125183,125184],{},"It's"," as the end of the string.",[20,125187,125188],{},"To fix this, use a backslash:",[65,125190,125192],{"className":67,"code":125191,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = 'It\\'s working'\nprint(text)\n",[15,125193,125194,125213],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,125195,125196,125198,125200,125202,125205,125208,125211],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,125197,81],{"class":80},[74,125199,85],{"class":84},[74,125201,2941],{"class":88},[74,125203,125204],{"class":92},"It",[74,125206,125207],{"class":34111},"\\'",[74,125209,125210],{"class":92},"s working",[74,125212,29355],{"class":88},[74,125214,125215,125217,125219,125221],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,125216,103],{"class":102},[74,125218,107],{"class":106},[74,125220,111],{"class":110},[74,125222,260],{"class":106},[20,125224,125225],{},"You can also switch quote styles:",[65,125227,125229],{"className":67,"code":125228,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"It's working\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125230,125231,125243],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,125232,125233,125235,125237,125239,125241],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,125234,81],{"class":80},[74,125236,85],{"class":84},[74,125238,89],{"class":88},[74,125240,125106],{"class":92},[74,125242,96],{"class":88},[74,125244,125245,125247,125249,125251],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,125246,103],{"class":102},[74,125248,107],{"class":106},[74,125250,111],{"class":110},[74,125252,260],{"class":106},[20,125254,125255],{},"In many cases, switching quote styles is simpler than escaping.",[20,125257,125258,125259,114],{},"If you get a quote-related error, see ",[125,125260,125262],{"href":125261},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fsyntaxerror-eol-while-scanning-string-literal-fix\u002F","SyntaxError: EOL while scanning string literal",[60,125264,914],{"id":913},[20,125266,125267],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating strings.",[262,125269,89851],{"id":89850},[20,125271,125272],{},"If you write text without quotes, Python treats it like a variable name.",[65,125274,125276],{"className":67,"code":125275,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"# This will cause an error\n# name = Alice\n",[15,125277,125278,125282],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,125279,125280],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,125281,125171],{"class":3314},[74,125283,125284],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,125285,125286],{"class":3314},"# name = Alice\n",[20,125288,125289,125290,8259,125293,125295],{},"Python may raise a ",[15,125291,125292],{},"NameError",[15,125294,4655],{}," is not defined.",[20,125297,1080],{},[65,125299,125301],{"className":67,"code":125300,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(name)\n",[15,125302,125303,125315],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,125304,125305,125307,125309,125311,125313],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,125306,7533],{"class":80},[74,125308,85],{"class":84},[74,125310,89],{"class":88},[74,125312,4655],{"class":92},[74,125314,96],{"class":88},[74,125316,125317,125319,125321,125323],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,125318,103],{"class":102},[74,125320,107],{"class":106},[74,125322,7323],{"class":110},[74,125324,260],{"class":106},[262,125326,125328],{"id":125327},"mixing-quote-characters-incorrectly","Mixing quote characters incorrectly",[20,125330,125331],{},"This can break the string early and cause a syntax error.",[65,125333,125335],{"className":67,"code":125334,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's good'\n",[15,125336,125337,125341],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,125338,125339],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,125340,125171],{"class":3314},[74,125342,125343],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,125344,125345],{"class":3314},"# text = 'It's good'\n",[20,125347,125348],{},"Fix it by escaping the quote or changing quote styles:",[65,125350,125352],{"className":67,"code":125351,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text1 = 'It\\'s good'\ntext2 = \"It's good\"\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,125353,125354,125371,125384,125388,125398],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,125355,125356,125358,125360,125362,125364,125366,125369],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,125357,125099],{"class":80},[74,125359,85],{"class":84},[74,125361,2941],{"class":88},[74,125363,125204],{"class":92},[74,125365,125207],{"class":34111},[74,125367,125368],{"class":92},"s good",[74,125370,29355],{"class":88},[74,125372,125373,125375,125377,125379,125382],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,125374,125113],{"class":80},[74,125376,85],{"class":84},[74,125378,89],{"class":88},[74,125380,125381],{"class":92},"It's good",[74,125383,96],{"class":88},[74,125385,125386],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,125387,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,125389,125390,125392,125394,125396],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,125391,103],{"class":102},[74,125393,107],{"class":106},[74,125395,125135],{"class":110},[74,125397,260],{"class":106},[74,125399,125400,125402,125404,125406],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,125401,103],{"class":102},[74,125403,107],{"class":106},[74,125405,125146],{"class":110},[74,125407,260],{"class":106},[262,125409,125411],{"id":125410},"using-triple-quotes-when-a-single-line-string-is-enough","Using triple quotes when a single-line string is enough",[20,125413,125414],{},"Triple quotes work, but they are usually best for multi-line text.",[65,125416,125418],{"className":67,"code":125417,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"\"\"hello\"\"\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125419,125420,125432],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,125421,125422,125424,125426,125428,125430],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,125423,81],{"class":80},[74,125425,85],{"class":84},[74,125427,124775],{"class":88},[74,125429,3497],{"class":92},[74,125431,42991],{"class":88},[74,125433,125434,125436,125438,125440],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,125435,103],{"class":102},[74,125437,107],{"class":106},[74,125439,111],{"class":110},[74,125441,260],{"class":106},[20,125443,125444],{},"This is valid, but for one line, this is simpler:",[65,125446,125448],{"className":67,"code":125447,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125449,125450,125462],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,125451,125452,125454,125456,125458,125460],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,125453,81],{"class":80},[74,125455,85],{"class":84},[74,125457,89],{"class":88},[74,125459,3497],{"class":92},[74,125461,96],{"class":88},[74,125463,125464,125466,125468,125470],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,125465,103],{"class":102},[74,125467,107],{"class":106},[74,125469,111],{"class":110},[74,125471,260],{"class":106},[262,125473,4231,125475,51,125477,125479],{"id":125474},"assuming-123-and-123-are-the-same-type",[15,125476,49898],{},[15,125478,49948],{}," are the same type",[20,125481,125482],{},"They are different:",[65,125484,125486],{"className":67,"code":125485,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"value1 = 123\nvalue2 = \"123\"\n\nprint(type(value1))\nprint(type(value2))\n",[15,125487,125488,125497,125510,125514,125528],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,125489,125490,125493,125495],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,125491,125492],{"class":80},"value1 ",[74,125494,85],{"class":84},[74,125496,124503],{"class":167},[74,125498,125499,125502,125504,125506,125508],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,125500,125501],{"class":80},"value2 ",[74,125503,85],{"class":84},[74,125505,89],{"class":88},[74,125507,49898],{"class":92},[74,125509,96],{"class":88},[74,125511,125512],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,125513,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,125515,125516,125518,125520,125522,125524,125526],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,125517,103],{"class":102},[74,125519,107],{"class":106},[74,125521,1346],{"class":1345},[74,125523,107],{"class":106},[74,125525,84407],{"class":110},[74,125527,130],{"class":106},[74,125529,125530,125532,125534,125536,125538,125541],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,125531,103],{"class":102},[74,125533,107],{"class":106},[74,125535,1346],{"class":1345},[74,125537,107],{"class":106},[74,125539,125540],{"class":110},"value2",[74,125542,130],{"class":106},[20,125544,157],{},[65,125546,125548],{"className":67,"code":125547,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,125549,125550,125564],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,125551,125552,125554,125556,125558,125560,125562],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,125553,2935],{"class":84},[74,125555,2938],{"class":1711},[74,125557,2941],{"class":88},[74,125559,1831],{"class":92},[74,125561,2946],{"class":88},[74,125563,2949],{"class":84},[74,125565,125566,125568,125570,125572,125574,125576],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,125567,2935],{"class":84},[74,125569,2938],{"class":1711},[74,125571,2941],{"class":88},[74,125573,3090],{"class":92},[74,125575,2946],{"class":88},[74,125577,2949],{"class":84},[262,125579,125581],{"id":125580},"trying-to-join-text-and-numbers-without-converting-first","Trying to join text and numbers without converting first",[20,125583,125584],{},"This causes a type error:",[65,125586,125588],{"className":67,"code":125587,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"# This will cause an error\n# age = 10\n# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[15,125589,125590,125594,125599],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,125591,125592],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,125593,125171],{"class":3314},[74,125595,125596],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,125597,125598],{"class":3314},"# age = 10\n",[74,125600,125601],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,125602,125603],{"class":3314},"# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[20,125605,125606,125607,679],{},"Fix it with ",[15,125608,47336],{},[65,125610,125612],{"className":67,"code":125611,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"age = 10\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125613,125614,125622,125644,125648],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,125615,125616,125618,125620],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,125617,21284],{"class":80},[74,125619,85],{"class":84},[74,125621,2231],{"class":167},[74,125623,125624,125626,125628,125630,125632,125634,125636,125638,125640,125642],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,125625,89644],{"class":80},[74,125627,85],{"class":84},[74,125629,89],{"class":88},[74,125631,89062],{"class":92},[74,125633,122],{"class":88},[74,125635,2097],{"class":84},[74,125637,48556],{"class":1345},[74,125639,107],{"class":106},[74,125641,8955],{"class":110},[74,125643,260],{"class":106},[74,125645,125646],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,125647,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,125649,125650,125652,125654,125656],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,125651,103],{"class":102},[74,125653,107],{"class":106},[74,125655,89661],{"class":110},[74,125657,260],{"class":106},[20,125659,125660,125661,114],{},"For this specific error, see ",[125,125662,90043],{"href":90042},[262,125664,60358],{"id":60357},[20,125666,125667],{},"If you are not sure what value you created, these commands help:",[65,125669,125671],{"className":67,"code":125670,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(repr(text))\n",[15,125672,125673,125685,125689,125699,125713],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,125674,125675,125677,125679,125681,125683],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,125676,81],{"class":80},[74,125678,85],{"class":84},[74,125680,89],{"class":88},[74,125682,3497],{"class":92},[74,125684,96],{"class":88},[74,125686,125687],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,125688,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,125690,125691,125693,125695,125697],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,125692,103],{"class":102},[74,125694,107],{"class":106},[74,125696,111],{"class":110},[74,125698,260],{"class":106},[74,125700,125701,125703,125705,125707,125709,125711],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,125702,103],{"class":102},[74,125704,107],{"class":106},[74,125706,1346],{"class":1345},[74,125708,107],{"class":106},[74,125710,111],{"class":110},[74,125712,130],{"class":106},[74,125714,125715,125717,125719,125721,125723,125725],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,125716,103],{"class":102},[74,125718,107],{"class":106},[74,125720,41434],{"class":102},[74,125722,107],{"class":106},[74,125724,111],{"class":110},[74,125726,130],{"class":106},[30,125728,125729,125734,125739],{},[33,125730,125731,45932],{},[15,125732,125733],{},"print(text)",[33,125735,125736,45937],{},[15,125737,125738],{},"print(type(text))",[33,125740,125741,125744],{},[15,125742,125743],{},"print(repr(text))"," shows the exact string representation, which is helpful for spaces and escape characters",[60,125746,1471],{"id":1470},[262,125748,125750],{"id":125749},"how-do-i-create-a-string-in-python","How do I create a string in Python?",[20,125752,125753,125754,339,125757,114],{},"Put text inside single quotes or double quotes, like ",[15,125755,125756],{},"'hello'",[15,125758,791],{},[262,125760,125762],{"id":125761},"what-is-the-difference-between-single-and-double-quotes-in-python","What is the difference between single and double quotes in Python?",[20,125764,125765],{},"Usually none. They both create strings. Choose the one that avoids extra escaping.",[262,125767,125769],{"id":125768},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-string","How do I create an empty string?",[20,125771,176,125772,339,125774,114],{},[15,125773,5924],{},[15,125775,3424],{},[262,125777,125779],{"id":125778},"how-do-i-turn-a-number-into-a-string","How do I turn a number into a string?",[20,125781,176,125782,125784,125785,125787,125788,114],{},[15,125783,47336],{},", like ",[15,125786,80017],{},", which returns ",[15,125789,41781],{},[262,125791,125793],{"id":125792},"how-do-i-write-a-string-on-multiple-lines","How do I write a string on multiple lines?",[20,125795,125796],{},"Use triple quotes so Python keeps the line breaks.",[60,125798,1527],{"id":1526},[30,125800,125801,125805,125811,125816,125825,125829],{},[33,125802,125803],{},[125,125804,124576],{"href":50627},[33,125806,125807],{},[125,125808,3223,125809,3156],{"href":41830},[15,125810,47336],{},[33,125812,125813],{},[125,125814,125815],{"href":122915},"How to convert int to string in Python",[33,125817,125818],{},[125,125819,125821,125822,10399],{"href":125820},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method\u002F","Python string ",[15,125823,125824],{},"format()",[33,125826,125827],{},[125,125828,125262],{"href":125261},[33,125830,125831],{},[125,125832,90043],{"href":90042},[1566,125834,125835],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":70,"searchDepth":99,"depth":99,"links":125837},[125838,125839,125840,125841,125842,125843,125844,125845,125846,125855,125862],{"id":14819,"depth":99,"text":14820},{"id":124415,"depth":99,"text":124416},{"id":124579,"depth":99,"text":124580},{"id":124654,"depth":99,"text":124655},{"id":124754,"depth":99,"text":124755},{"id":124859,"depth":99,"text":124860},{"id":125037,"depth":99,"text":125038},{"id":125154,"depth":99,"text":125155},{"id":913,"depth":99,"text":914,"children":125847},[125848,125849,125850,125851,125853,125854],{"id":89850,"depth":133,"text":89851},{"id":125327,"depth":133,"text":125328},{"id":125410,"depth":133,"text":125411},{"id":125474,"depth":133,"text":125852},"Assuming 123 and \"123\" are the same type",{"id":125580,"depth":133,"text":125581},{"id":60357,"depth":133,"text":60358},{"id":1470,"depth":99,"text":1471,"children":125856},[125857,125858,125859,125860,125861],{"id":125749,"depth":133,"text":125750},{"id":125761,"depth":133,"text":125762},{"id":125768,"depth":133,"text":125769},{"id":125778,"depth":133,"text":125779},{"id":125792,"depth":133,"text":125793},{"id":1526,"depth":99,"text":1527},"Master python string creating a string in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string",{"title":124277,"description":125863},"reference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string","4BQU6hnmGKtWtbnNEuQ2DsM1B7YLS8pxu2cdWLKXLUE",{"id":125870,"title":125871,"body":125872,"description":127786,"extension":1610,"meta":127787,"navigation":407,"path":127788,"seo":127789,"stem":127790,"__hash__":127791},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method.md","Python String endswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":125873,"toc":127747},[125874,125880,125885,125893,125895,125962,125964,125976,125985,125990,125994,126011,126013,126078,126080,126092,126097,126099,126127,126148,126151,126190,126192,126200,126204,126208,126212,126220,126223,126264,126266,126274,126277,126334,126336,126344,126348,126353,126397,126399,126407,126416,126420,126425,126473,126475,126483,126489,126491,126495,126507,126512,126591,126593,126613,126617,126621,126661,126663,126671,126675,126718,126720,126728,126732,126772,126774,126782,126786,126842,126844,126852,126858,126860,126864,126874,126941,126943,126956,126963,127006,127008,127016,127020,127023,127079,127081,127089,127092,127094,127171,127173,127181,127190,127192,127196,127200,127202,127224,127227,127274,127278,127317,127319,127327,127329,127371,127378,127383,127445,127447,127459,127465,127470,127519,127521,127540,127546,127548,127567,127569,127660,127662,127668,127675,127681,127687,127692,127701,127708,127716,127718,127744],[10,125875,13,125877,18],{"id":125876},"python-string-endswith-method",[15,125878,125879],{},"endswith()",[20,125881,22,125882,125884],{},[15,125883,125879],{}," method checks whether a string ends with specific text.",[20,125886,125887,125888,339,125890,125892],{},"It is useful when you want a simple ",[15,125889,338],{},[15,125891,342],{}," answer. Beginners often use it for file extensions, URL endings, and checking user input.",[60,125894,63],{"id":62},[65,125896,125898],{"className":67,"code":125897,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,125899,125900,125914,125939],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,125901,125902,125905,125907,125909,125912],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,125903,125904],{"class":80},"filename ",[74,125906,85],{"class":84},[74,125908,89],{"class":88},[74,125910,125911],{"class":92},"report.csv",[74,125913,96],{"class":88},[74,125915,125916,125918,125920,125923,125925,125928,125930,125932,125935,125937],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,125917,103],{"class":102},[74,125919,107],{"class":106},[74,125921,125922],{"class":110},"filename",[74,125924,114],{"class":106},[74,125926,125927],{"class":110},"endswith",[74,125929,107],{"class":106},[74,125931,122],{"class":88},[74,125933,125934],{"class":92},".csv",[74,125936,122],{"class":88},[74,125938,130],{"class":106},[74,125940,125941,125943,125945,125947,125949,125951,125953,125955,125958,125960],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,125942,103],{"class":102},[74,125944,107],{"class":106},[74,125946,125922],{"class":110},[74,125948,114],{"class":106},[74,125950,125927],{"class":110},[74,125952,107],{"class":106},[74,125954,122],{"class":88},[74,125956,125957],{"class":92},".txt",[74,125959,122],{"class":88},[74,125961,130],{"class":106},[20,125963,157],{},[65,125965,125966],{"className":67,"code":43828,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,125967,125968,125972],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,125969,125970],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,125971,3631],{"class":3504},[74,125973,125974],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,125975,3692],{"class":3504},[20,125977,176,125978,5019,125980,339,125982,125984],{},[15,125979,125879],{},[15,125981,338],{},[15,125983,342],{}," based on the ending of a string.",[60,125986,3328,125988,38],{"id":125987},"what-endswith-does",[15,125989,125879],{},[20,125991,125992,679],{},[15,125993,125879],{},[30,125995,125996,125999,126005,126008],{},[33,125997,125998],{},"Checks whether a string ends with a given suffix",[33,126000,11082,126001,339,126003],{},[15,126002,338],{},[15,126004,342],{},[33,126006,126007],{},"Does not change the original string",[33,126009,126010],{},"Works well with normal text such as file names, URLs, and sentence endings",[20,126012,506],{},[65,126014,126016],{"className":67,"code":126015,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\"world\"))\nprint(text.endswith(\"hello\"))\n",[15,126017,126018,126030,126034,126056],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,126019,126020,126022,126024,126026,126028],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,126021,81],{"class":80},[74,126023,85],{"class":84},[74,126025,89],{"class":88},[74,126027,60054],{"class":92},[74,126029,96],{"class":88},[74,126031,126032],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,126033,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,126035,126036,126038,126040,126042,126044,126046,126048,126050,126052,126054],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,126037,103],{"class":102},[74,126039,107],{"class":106},[74,126041,111],{"class":110},[74,126043,114],{"class":106},[74,126045,125927],{"class":110},[74,126047,107],{"class":106},[74,126049,122],{"class":88},[74,126051,60239],{"class":92},[74,126053,122],{"class":88},[74,126055,130],{"class":106},[74,126057,126058,126060,126062,126064,126066,126068,126070,126072,126074,126076],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,126059,103],{"class":102},[74,126061,107],{"class":106},[74,126063,111],{"class":110},[74,126065,114],{"class":106},[74,126067,125927],{"class":110},[74,126069,107],{"class":106},[74,126071,122],{"class":88},[74,126073,3497],{"class":92},[74,126075,122],{"class":88},[74,126077,130],{"class":106},[20,126079,157],{},[65,126081,126082],{"className":67,"code":43828,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,126083,126084,126088],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,126085,126086],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,126087,3631],{"class":3504},[74,126089,126090],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,126091,3692],{"class":3504},[20,126093,126094,126095,114],{},"If you are learning string basics, see ",[125,126096,124576],{"href":50627},[60,126098,227],{"id":226},[65,126100,126102],{"className":67,"code":126101,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"string.endswith(suffix, start, end)\n",[15,126103,126104],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,126105,126106,126108,126110,126112,126114,126117,126119,126121,126123,126125],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,126107,237],{"class":80},[74,126109,114],{"class":106},[74,126111,125927],{"class":110},[74,126113,107],{"class":106},[74,126115,126116],{"class":110},"suffix",[74,126118,249],{"class":106},[74,126120,252],{"class":110},[74,126122,249],{"class":106},[74,126124,257],{"class":110},[74,126126,260],{"class":106},[30,126128,126129,126134,126141],{},[33,126130,126131,126133],{},[15,126132,126116],{}," is required",[33,126135,126136,51,126138,126140],{},[15,126137,50],{},[15,126139,54],{}," are optional",[33,126142,126143,51,126145,126147],{},[15,126144,50],{},[15,126146,54],{}," limit which part of the string is checked",[20,126149,126150],{},"Basic example:",[65,126152,126154],{"className":67,"code":126153,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"filename = \"notes.txt\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,126155,126156,126168],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,126157,126158,126160,126162,126164,126166],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,126159,125904],{"class":80},[74,126161,85],{"class":84},[74,126163,89],{"class":88},[74,126165,86532],{"class":92},[74,126167,96],{"class":88},[74,126169,126170,126172,126174,126176,126178,126180,126182,126184,126186,126188],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,126171,103],{"class":102},[74,126173,107],{"class":106},[74,126175,125922],{"class":110},[74,126177,114],{"class":106},[74,126179,125927],{"class":110},[74,126181,107],{"class":106},[74,126183,122],{"class":88},[74,126185,125957],{"class":92},[74,126187,122],{"class":88},[74,126189,130],{"class":106},[20,126191,157],{},[65,126193,126194],{"className":67,"code":3631,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,126195,126196],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,126197,126198],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,126199,3631],{"class":3504},[60,126201,126203],{"id":126202},"arguments-explained","Arguments explained",[262,126205,126206],{"id":126116},[15,126207,126116],{},[20,126209,126210,30406],{},[15,126211,126116],{},[30,126213,126214,126217],{},[33,126215,126216],{},"A single string",[33,126218,126219],{},"A tuple of strings",[20,126221,126222],{},"Single suffix:",[65,126224,126226],{"className":67,"code":126225,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith(\".png\"))\n",[15,126227,126228,126241],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,126229,126230,126232,126234,126236,126239],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,126231,7533],{"class":80},[74,126233,85],{"class":84},[74,126235,89],{"class":88},[74,126237,126238],{"class":92},"image.png",[74,126240,96],{"class":88},[74,126242,126243,126245,126247,126249,126251,126253,126255,126257,126260,126262],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,126244,103],{"class":102},[74,126246,107],{"class":106},[74,126248,7323],{"class":110},[74,126250,114],{"class":106},[74,126252,125927],{"class":110},[74,126254,107],{"class":106},[74,126256,122],{"class":88},[74,126258,126259],{"class":92},".png",[74,126261,122],{"class":88},[74,126263,130],{"class":106},[20,126265,157],{},[65,126267,126268],{"className":67,"code":3631,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,126269,126270],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,126271,126272],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,126273,3631],{"class":3504},[20,126275,126276],{},"Tuple of suffixes:",[65,126278,126280],{"className":67,"code":126279,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,126281,126282,126294],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,126283,126284,126286,126288,126290,126292],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,126285,7533],{"class":80},[74,126287,85],{"class":84},[74,126289,89],{"class":88},[74,126291,126238],{"class":92},[74,126293,96],{"class":88},[74,126295,126296,126298,126300,126302,126304,126306,126308,126310,126313,126315,126317,126319,126321,126323,126325,126327,126330,126332],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,126297,103],{"class":102},[74,126299,107],{"class":106},[74,126301,7323],{"class":110},[74,126303,114],{"class":106},[74,126305,125927],{"class":110},[74,126307,5161],{"class":106},[74,126309,122],{"class":88},[74,126311,126312],{"class":92},".jpg",[74,126314,122],{"class":88},[74,126316,249],{"class":106},[74,126318,89],{"class":88},[74,126320,126259],{"class":92},[74,126322,122],{"class":88},[74,126324,249],{"class":106},[74,126326,89],{"class":88},[74,126328,126329],{"class":92},".gif",[74,126331,122],{"class":88},[74,126333,2555],{"class":106},[20,126335,157],{},[65,126337,126338],{"className":67,"code":3631,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,126339,126340],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,126341,126342],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,126343,3631],{"class":3504},[262,126345,126346],{"id":50},[15,126347,50],{},[20,126349,126350,126352],{},[15,126351,50],{}," tells Python where to begin checking in the string.",[65,126354,126356],{"className":67,"code":126355,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"my_report.csv\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 3))\n",[15,126357,126358,126371],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,126359,126360,126362,126364,126366,126369],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,126361,81],{"class":80},[74,126363,85],{"class":84},[74,126365,89],{"class":88},[74,126367,126368],{"class":92},"my_report.csv",[74,126370,96],{"class":88},[74,126372,126373,126375,126377,126379,126381,126383,126385,126387,126389,126391,126393,126395],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,126374,103],{"class":102},[74,126376,107],{"class":106},[74,126378,111],{"class":110},[74,126380,114],{"class":106},[74,126382,125927],{"class":110},[74,126384,107],{"class":106},[74,126386,122],{"class":88},[74,126388,125934],{"class":92},[74,126390,122],{"class":88},[74,126392,249],{"class":106},[74,126394,2094],{"class":167},[74,126396,130],{"class":106},[20,126398,157],{},[65,126400,126401],{"className":67,"code":3631,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,126402,126403],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,126404,126405],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,126406,3631],{"class":3504},[20,126408,126409,126410,126412,126413,114],{},"Python checks the part from index ",[15,126411,321],{}," onward, which is ",[15,126414,126415],{},"\"report.csv\"",[262,126417,126418],{"id":54},[15,126419,54],{},[20,126421,126422,126424],{},[15,126423,54],{}," tells Python where to stop checking before the end of the full string.",[65,126426,126428],{"className":67,"code":126427,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"report.csv backup\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 0, 10))\n",[15,126429,126430,126443],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,126431,126432,126434,126436,126438,126441],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,126433,81],{"class":80},[74,126435,85],{"class":84},[74,126437,89],{"class":88},[74,126439,126440],{"class":92},"report.csv backup",[74,126442,96],{"class":88},[74,126444,126445,126447,126449,126451,126453,126455,126457,126459,126461,126463,126465,126467,126469,126471],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,126446,103],{"class":102},[74,126448,107],{"class":106},[74,126450,111],{"class":110},[74,126452,114],{"class":106},[74,126454,125927],{"class":110},[74,126456,107],{"class":106},[74,126458,122],{"class":88},[74,126460,125934],{"class":92},[74,126462,122],{"class":88},[74,126464,249],{"class":106},[74,126466,3485],{"class":167},[74,126468,249],{"class":106},[74,126470,5656],{"class":167},[74,126472,130],{"class":106},[20,126474,157],{},[65,126476,126477],{"className":67,"code":3631,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,126478,126479],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,126480,126481],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,126482,3631],{"class":3504},[20,126484,126485,126486,126488],{},"Here, Python only checks ",[15,126487,126415],{}," and ignores the rest.",[60,126490,305],{"id":304},[20,126492,126493,25165],{},[15,126494,125879],{},[30,126496,126497,126502],{},[33,126498,126499,126501],{},[15,126500,338],{}," if the string ends with the suffix",[33,126503,126504,126506],{},[15,126505,342],{}," if it does not",[20,126508,126509,126510,6826],{},"This makes it very useful inside ",[15,126511,6651],{},[65,126513,126515],{"className":67,"code":126514,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"filename = \"data.csv\"\n\nif filename.endswith(\".csv\"):\n    print(\"This is a CSV file.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is not a CSV file.\")\n",[15,126516,126517,126530,126534,126555,126570,126576],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,126518,126519,126521,126523,126525,126528],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,126520,125904],{"class":80},[74,126522,85],{"class":84},[74,126524,89],{"class":88},[74,126526,126527],{"class":92},"data.csv",[74,126529,96],{"class":88},[74,126531,126532],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,126533,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,126535,126536,126538,126541,126543,126545,126547,126549,126551,126553],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,126537,6651],{"class":3529},[74,126539,126540],{"class":80}," filename",[74,126542,114],{"class":106},[74,126544,125927],{"class":110},[74,126546,107],{"class":106},[74,126548,122],{"class":88},[74,126550,125934],{"class":92},[74,126552,122],{"class":88},[74,126554,8000],{"class":106},[74,126556,126557,126559,126561,126563,126566,126568],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,126558,7726],{"class":102},[74,126560,107],{"class":106},[74,126562,122],{"class":88},[74,126564,126565],{"class":92},"This is a CSV file.",[74,126567,122],{"class":88},[74,126569,260],{"class":106},[74,126571,126572,126574],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,126573,27088],{"class":3529},[74,126575,6046],{"class":106},[74,126577,126578,126580,126582,126584,126587,126589],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,126579,7726],{"class":102},[74,126581,107],{"class":106},[74,126583,122],{"class":88},[74,126585,126586],{"class":92},"This is not a CSV file.",[74,126588,122],{"class":88},[74,126590,260],{"class":106},[20,126592,157],{},[65,126594,126596],{"className":67,"code":126595,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"This is a CSV file.\n",[15,126597,126598],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,126599,126600,126602,126604,126606,126609,126611],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,126601,49531],{"class":80},[74,126603,11852],{"class":84},[74,126605,44199],{"class":80},[74,126607,126608],{"class":34111},"CSV",[74,126610,86273],{"class":86272},[74,126612,122022],{"class":106},[60,126614,126616],{"id":126615},"common-beginner-examples","Common beginner examples",[262,126618,126620],{"id":126619},"check-a-file-extension","Check a file extension",[65,126622,126624],{"className":67,"code":126623,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"filename = \"sales.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,126625,126626,126639],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,126627,126628,126630,126632,126634,126637],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,126629,125904],{"class":80},[74,126631,85],{"class":84},[74,126633,89],{"class":88},[74,126635,126636],{"class":92},"sales.csv",[74,126638,96],{"class":88},[74,126640,126641,126643,126645,126647,126649,126651,126653,126655,126657,126659],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,126642,103],{"class":102},[74,126644,107],{"class":106},[74,126646,125922],{"class":110},[74,126648,114],{"class":106},[74,126650,125927],{"class":110},[74,126652,107],{"class":106},[74,126654,122],{"class":88},[74,126656,125934],{"class":92},[74,126658,122],{"class":88},[74,126660,130],{"class":106},[20,126662,157],{},[65,126664,126665],{"className":67,"code":3631,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,126666,126667],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,126668,126669],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,126670,3631],{"class":3504},[262,126672,126674],{"id":126673},"check-whether-a-url-ends-with-a-slash","Check whether a URL ends with a slash",[65,126676,126678],{"className":67,"code":126677,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F\"\nprint(url.endswith(\"\u002F\"))\n",[15,126679,126680,126694],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,126681,126682,126685,126687,126689,126692],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,126683,126684],{"class":80},"url ",[74,126686,85],{"class":84},[74,126688,89],{"class":88},[74,126690,126691],{"class":92},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F",[74,126693,96],{"class":88},[74,126695,126696,126698,126700,126703,126705,126707,126709,126711,126714,126716],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,126697,103],{"class":102},[74,126699,107],{"class":106},[74,126701,126702],{"class":110},"url",[74,126704,114],{"class":106},[74,126706,125927],{"class":110},[74,126708,107],{"class":106},[74,126710,122],{"class":88},[74,126712,126713],{"class":92},"\u002F",[74,126715,122],{"class":88},[74,126717,130],{"class":106},[20,126719,157],{},[65,126721,126722],{"className":67,"code":3631,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,126723,126724],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,126725,126726],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,126727,3631],{"class":3504},[262,126729,126731],{"id":126730},"check-whether-user-input-ends-with-punctuation","Check whether user input ends with punctuation",[65,126733,126735],{"className":67,"code":126734,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"message = \"Hello!\"\nprint(message.endswith(\"!\"))\n",[15,126736,126737,126750],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,126738,126739,126741,126743,126745,126748],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,126740,89644],{"class":80},[74,126742,85],{"class":84},[74,126744,89],{"class":88},[74,126746,126747],{"class":92},"Hello!",[74,126749,96],{"class":88},[74,126751,126752,126754,126756,126758,126760,126762,126764,126766,126768,126770],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,126753,103],{"class":102},[74,126755,107],{"class":106},[74,126757,89661],{"class":110},[74,126759,114],{"class":106},[74,126761,125927],{"class":110},[74,126763,107],{"class":106},[74,126765,122],{"class":88},[74,126767,89485],{"class":92},[74,126769,122],{"class":88},[74,126771,130],{"class":106},[20,126773,157],{},[65,126775,126776],{"className":67,"code":3631,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,126777,126778],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,126779,126780],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,126781,3631],{"class":3504},[262,126783,126785],{"id":126784},"check-multiple-allowed-endings","Check multiple allowed endings",[65,126787,126789],{"className":67,"code":126788,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,126790,126791,126804],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,126792,126793,126795,126797,126799,126802],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,126794,125904],{"class":80},[74,126796,85],{"class":84},[74,126798,89],{"class":88},[74,126800,126801],{"class":92},"photo.jpg",[74,126803,96],{"class":88},[74,126805,126806,126808,126810,126812,126814,126816,126818,126820,126822,126824,126826,126828,126830,126832,126834,126836,126838,126840],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,126807,103],{"class":102},[74,126809,107],{"class":106},[74,126811,125922],{"class":110},[74,126813,114],{"class":106},[74,126815,125927],{"class":110},[74,126817,5161],{"class":106},[74,126819,122],{"class":88},[74,126821,126312],{"class":92},[74,126823,122],{"class":88},[74,126825,249],{"class":106},[74,126827,89],{"class":88},[74,126829,126259],{"class":92},[74,126831,122],{"class":88},[74,126833,249],{"class":106},[74,126835,89],{"class":88},[74,126837,126329],{"class":92},[74,126839,122],{"class":88},[74,126841,2555],{"class":106},[20,126843,157],{},[65,126845,126846],{"className":67,"code":3631,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,126847,126848],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,126849,126850],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,126851,3631],{"class":3504},[20,126853,126854,126855,114],{},"If you need to check whether text appears anywhere in a string, not just at the end, see ",[125,126856,126857],{"href":348},"how to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[60,126859,769],{"id":768},[20,126861,126862,567],{},[15,126863,125879],{},[20,126865,126866,126867,51,126870,126873],{},"That means ",[15,126868,126869],{},"\".CSV\"",[15,126871,126872],{},"\".csv\""," are different.",[65,126875,126877],{"className":67,"code":126876,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\n\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".CSV\"))\n",[15,126878,126879,126892,126896,126918],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,126880,126881,126883,126885,126887,126890],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,126882,125904],{"class":80},[74,126884,85],{"class":84},[74,126886,89],{"class":88},[74,126888,126889],{"class":92},"REPORT.CSV",[74,126891,96],{"class":88},[74,126893,126894],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,126895,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,126897,126898,126900,126902,126904,126906,126908,126910,126912,126914,126916],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,126899,103],{"class":102},[74,126901,107],{"class":106},[74,126903,125922],{"class":110},[74,126905,114],{"class":106},[74,126907,125927],{"class":110},[74,126909,107],{"class":106},[74,126911,122],{"class":88},[74,126913,125934],{"class":92},[74,126915,122],{"class":88},[74,126917,130],{"class":106},[74,126919,126920,126922,126924,126926,126928,126930,126932,126934,126937,126939],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,126921,103],{"class":102},[74,126923,107],{"class":106},[74,126925,125922],{"class":110},[74,126927,114],{"class":106},[74,126929,125927],{"class":110},[74,126931,107],{"class":106},[74,126933,122],{"class":88},[74,126935,126936],{"class":92},".CSV",[74,126938,122],{"class":88},[74,126940,130],{"class":106},[20,126942,157],{},[65,126944,126946],{"className":67,"code":126945,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"False\nTrue\n",[15,126947,126948,126952],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,126949,126950],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,126951,3692],{"class":3504},[74,126953,126954],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,126955,3631],{"class":3504},[20,126957,126958,126959,114],{},"If you want a case-insensitive check, convert the string first with ",[125,126960,126961],{"href":852},[15,126962,855],{},[65,126964,126966],{"className":67,"code":126965,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.lower().endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,126967,126968,126980],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,126969,126970,126972,126974,126976,126978],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,126971,125904],{"class":80},[74,126973,85],{"class":84},[74,126975,89],{"class":88},[74,126977,126889],{"class":92},[74,126979,96],{"class":88},[74,126981,126982,126984,126986,126988,126990,126992,126994,126996,126998,127000,127002,127004],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,126983,103],{"class":102},[74,126985,107],{"class":106},[74,126987,125922],{"class":110},[74,126989,114],{"class":106},[74,126991,885],{"class":110},[74,126993,888],{"class":106},[74,126995,125927],{"class":110},[74,126997,107],{"class":106},[74,126999,122],{"class":88},[74,127001,125934],{"class":92},[74,127003,122],{"class":88},[74,127005,130],{"class":106},[20,127007,157],{},[65,127009,127010],{"className":67,"code":3631,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,127011,127012],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,127013,127014],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,127015,3631],{"class":3504},[60,127017,127019],{"id":127018},"using-multiple-suffixes","Using multiple suffixes",[20,127021,127022],{},"You can pass a tuple of suffixes to check several endings at once.",[65,127024,127026],{"className":67,"code":127025,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"filename = \"picture.gif\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,127027,127028,127041],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,127029,127030,127032,127034,127036,127039],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,127031,125904],{"class":80},[74,127033,85],{"class":84},[74,127035,89],{"class":88},[74,127037,127038],{"class":92},"picture.gif",[74,127040,96],{"class":88},[74,127042,127043,127045,127047,127049,127051,127053,127055,127057,127059,127061,127063,127065,127067,127069,127071,127073,127075,127077],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,127044,103],{"class":102},[74,127046,107],{"class":106},[74,127048,125922],{"class":110},[74,127050,114],{"class":106},[74,127052,125927],{"class":110},[74,127054,5161],{"class":106},[74,127056,122],{"class":88},[74,127058,126312],{"class":92},[74,127060,122],{"class":88},[74,127062,249],{"class":106},[74,127064,89],{"class":88},[74,127066,126259],{"class":92},[74,127068,122],{"class":88},[74,127070,249],{"class":106},[74,127072,89],{"class":88},[74,127074,126329],{"class":92},[74,127076,122],{"class":88},[74,127078,2555],{"class":106},[20,127080,157],{},[65,127082,127083],{"className":67,"code":3631,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,127084,127085],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,127086,127087],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,127088,3631],{"class":3504},[20,127090,127091],{},"This is helpful when you want to allow several file types.",[20,127093,51732],{},[65,127095,127097],{"className":67,"code":127096,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"document = \"notes.txt\"\nallowed = (\".txt\", \".md\", \".docx\")\n\nprint(document.endswith(allowed))\n",[15,127098,127099,127112,127147,127151],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,127100,127101,127104,127106,127108,127110],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,127102,127103],{"class":80},"document ",[74,127105,85],{"class":84},[74,127107,89],{"class":88},[74,127109,86532],{"class":92},[74,127111,96],{"class":88},[74,127113,127114,127117,127119,127121,127123,127125,127127,127129,127131,127134,127136,127138,127140,127143,127145],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,127115,127116],{"class":80},"allowed ",[74,127118,85],{"class":84},[74,127120,8892],{"class":106},[74,127122,122],{"class":88},[74,127124,125957],{"class":92},[74,127126,122],{"class":88},[74,127128,249],{"class":106},[74,127130,89],{"class":88},[74,127132,127133],{"class":92},".md",[74,127135,122],{"class":88},[74,127137,249],{"class":106},[74,127139,89],{"class":88},[74,127141,127142],{"class":92},".docx",[74,127144,122],{"class":88},[74,127146,260],{"class":106},[74,127148,127149],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,127150,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,127152,127153,127155,127157,127160,127162,127164,127166,127169],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,127154,103],{"class":102},[74,127156,107],{"class":106},[74,127158,127159],{"class":110},"document",[74,127161,114],{"class":106},[74,127163,125927],{"class":110},[74,127165,107],{"class":106},[74,127167,127168],{"class":110},"allowed",[74,127170,130],{"class":106},[20,127172,157],{},[65,127174,127175],{"className":67,"code":3631,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,127176,127177],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,127178,127179],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,127180,3631],{"class":3504},[20,127182,127183,127184,114],{},"If you want the opposite check at the beginning of a string, see ",[125,127185,125821,127187,10399],{"href":127186},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method\u002F",[15,127188,127189],{},"startswith()",[60,127191,914],{"id":913},[20,127193,8105,127194,114],{},[15,127195,125879],{},[262,127197,127199],{"id":127198},"using-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Using a list instead of a tuple",[20,127201,4177],{},[65,127203,127205],{"className":67,"code":127204,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\n# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[15,127206,127207,127219],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,127208,127209,127211,127213,127215,127217],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,127210,125904],{"class":80},[74,127212,85],{"class":84},[74,127214,89],{"class":88},[74,127216,126801],{"class":92},[74,127218,96],{"class":88},[74,127220,127221],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,127222,127223],{"class":3314},"# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[20,127225,127226],{},"Use a tuple instead:",[65,127228,127230],{"className":67,"code":127229,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\")))\n",[15,127231,127232,127244],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,127233,127234,127236,127238,127240,127242],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,127235,125904],{"class":80},[74,127237,85],{"class":84},[74,127239,89],{"class":88},[74,127241,126801],{"class":92},[74,127243,96],{"class":88},[74,127245,127246,127248,127250,127252,127254,127256,127258,127260,127262,127264,127266,127268,127270,127272],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,127247,103],{"class":102},[74,127249,107],{"class":106},[74,127251,125922],{"class":110},[74,127253,114],{"class":106},[74,127255,125927],{"class":110},[74,127257,5161],{"class":106},[74,127259,122],{"class":88},[74,127261,126312],{"class":92},[74,127263,122],{"class":88},[74,127265,249],{"class":106},[74,127267,89],{"class":88},[74,127269,126259],{"class":92},[74,127271,122],{"class":88},[74,127273,2555],{"class":106},[262,127275,127277],{"id":127276},"forgetting-that-the-check-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that the check is case-sensitive",[65,127279,127281],{"className":67,"code":127280,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127282,127283,127295],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,127284,127285,127287,127289,127291,127293],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,127286,125904],{"class":80},[74,127288,85],{"class":84},[74,127290,89],{"class":88},[74,127292,126889],{"class":92},[74,127294,96],{"class":88},[74,127296,127297,127299,127301,127303,127305,127307,127309,127311,127313,127315],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,127298,103],{"class":102},[74,127300,107],{"class":106},[74,127302,125922],{"class":110},[74,127304,114],{"class":106},[74,127306,125927],{"class":110},[74,127308,107],{"class":106},[74,127310,122],{"class":88},[74,127312,125934],{"class":92},[74,127314,122],{"class":88},[74,127316,130],{"class":106},[20,127318,157],{},[65,127320,127321],{"className":67,"code":3692,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,127322,127323],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,127324,127325],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,127326,3692],{"class":3504},[20,127328,38918],{},[65,127330,127331],{"className":67,"code":126965,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,127332,127333,127345],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,127334,127335,127337,127339,127341,127343],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,127336,125904],{"class":80},[74,127338,85],{"class":84},[74,127340,89],{"class":88},[74,127342,126889],{"class":92},[74,127344,96],{"class":88},[74,127346,127347,127349,127351,127353,127355,127357,127359,127361,127363,127365,127367,127369],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,127348,103],{"class":102},[74,127350,107],{"class":106},[74,127352,125922],{"class":110},[74,127354,114],{"class":106},[74,127356,885],{"class":110},[74,127358,888],{"class":106},[74,127360,125927],{"class":110},[74,127362,107],{"class":106},[74,127364,122],{"class":88},[74,127366,125934],{"class":92},[74,127368,122],{"class":88},[74,127370,130],{"class":106},[262,127372,1123,127374,1126,127376],{"id":127373},"confusing-endswith-with-in",[15,127375,125879],{},[15,127377,351],{},[20,127379,127380,127382],{},[15,127381,125879],{}," checks only the end of the string.",[65,127384,127386],{"className":67,"code":127385,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"my_report.csv.backup\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(\".csv\" in text)\n",[15,127387,127388,127401,127405,127427],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,127389,127390,127392,127394,127396,127399],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,127391,81],{"class":80},[74,127393,85],{"class":84},[74,127395,89],{"class":88},[74,127397,127398],{"class":92},"my_report.csv.backup",[74,127400,96],{"class":88},[74,127402,127403],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,127404,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,127406,127407,127409,127411,127413,127415,127417,127419,127421,127423,127425],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,127408,103],{"class":102},[74,127410,107],{"class":106},[74,127412,111],{"class":110},[74,127414,114],{"class":106},[74,127416,125927],{"class":110},[74,127418,107],{"class":106},[74,127420,122],{"class":88},[74,127422,125934],{"class":92},[74,127424,122],{"class":88},[74,127426,130],{"class":106},[74,127428,127429,127431,127433,127435,127437,127439,127441,127443],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,127430,103],{"class":102},[74,127432,107],{"class":106},[74,127434,122],{"class":88},[74,127436,125934],{"class":92},[74,127438,122],{"class":88},[74,127440,20829],{"class":3529},[74,127442,388],{"class":110},[74,127444,260],{"class":106},[20,127446,157],{},[65,127448,127449],{"className":67,"code":126945,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,127450,127451,127455],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,127452,127453],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,127454,3692],{"class":3504},[74,127456,127457],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,127458,3631],{"class":3504},[262,127460,923,127462,127464],{"id":127461},"expecting-endswith-to-remove-the-suffix",[15,127463,125879],{}," to remove the suffix",[20,127466,127467,127469],{},[15,127468,125879],{}," only checks. It does not edit the string.",[65,127471,127473],{"className":67,"code":127472,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename)\n",[15,127474,127475,127487,127509],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,127476,127477,127479,127481,127483,127485],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,127478,125904],{"class":80},[74,127480,85],{"class":84},[74,127482,89],{"class":88},[74,127484,125911],{"class":92},[74,127486,96],{"class":88},[74,127488,127489,127491,127493,127495,127497,127499,127501,127503,127505,127507],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,127490,103],{"class":102},[74,127492,107],{"class":106},[74,127494,125922],{"class":110},[74,127496,114],{"class":106},[74,127498,125927],{"class":110},[74,127500,107],{"class":106},[74,127502,122],{"class":88},[74,127504,125934],{"class":92},[74,127506,122],{"class":88},[74,127508,130],{"class":106},[74,127510,127511,127513,127515,127517],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,127512,103],{"class":102},[74,127514,107],{"class":106},[74,127516,125922],{"class":110},[74,127518,260],{"class":106},[20,127520,157],{},[65,127522,127524],{"className":67,"code":127523,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"True\nreport.csv\n",[15,127525,127526,127530],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,127527,127528],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,127529,3631],{"class":3504},[74,127531,127532,127535,127537],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,127533,127534],{"class":80},"report",[74,127536,114],{"class":106},[74,127538,127539],{"class":24406},"csv\n",[20,127541,127542,127543,114],{},"If you need to change text, see ",[125,127544,127545],{"href":1307},"how to replace text in a string in Python",[20,127547,65705],{},[30,127549,127550,127553,127556,127559],{},[33,127551,127552],{},"Passing the wrong suffix because of uppercase vs lowercase text",[33,127554,127555],{},"Using a list instead of a tuple for multiple endings",[33,127557,127558],{},"Checking the full string when only part of the string should be checked",[33,127560,571,127561,1462,127563,339,127565,111187],{},[15,127562,125879],{},[15,127564,1310],{},[15,127566,41308],{},[20,127568,29791],{},[65,127570,127572],{"className":67,"code":127571,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.endswith('.csv'))\nprint(text.lower().endswith('.csv'))\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,127573,127574,127584,127598,127620,127646],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,127575,127576,127578,127580,127582],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,127577,103],{"class":102},[74,127579,107],{"class":106},[74,127581,111],{"class":110},[74,127583,260],{"class":106},[74,127585,127586,127588,127590,127592,127594,127596],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,127587,103],{"class":102},[74,127589,107],{"class":106},[74,127591,41434],{"class":102},[74,127593,107],{"class":106},[74,127595,111],{"class":110},[74,127597,130],{"class":106},[74,127599,127600,127602,127604,127606,127608,127610,127612,127614,127616,127618],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,127601,103],{"class":102},[74,127603,107],{"class":106},[74,127605,111],{"class":110},[74,127607,114],{"class":106},[74,127609,125927],{"class":110},[74,127611,107],{"class":106},[74,127613,2946],{"class":88},[74,127615,125934],{"class":92},[74,127617,2946],{"class":88},[74,127619,130],{"class":106},[74,127621,127622,127624,127626,127628,127630,127632,127634,127636,127638,127640,127642,127644],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,127623,103],{"class":102},[74,127625,107],{"class":106},[74,127627,111],{"class":110},[74,127629,114],{"class":106},[74,127631,885],{"class":110},[74,127633,888],{"class":106},[74,127635,125927],{"class":110},[74,127637,107],{"class":106},[74,127639,2946],{"class":88},[74,127641,125934],{"class":92},[74,127643,2946],{"class":88},[74,127645,130],{"class":106},[74,127647,127648,127650,127652,127654,127656,127658],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,127649,103],{"class":102},[74,127651,107],{"class":106},[74,127653,1346],{"class":1345},[74,127655,107],{"class":106},[74,127657,111],{"class":110},[74,127659,130],{"class":106},[60,127661,1471],{"id":1470},[262,127663,1517,127665,127667],{"id":127664},"does-endswith-change-the-string",[15,127666,125879],{}," change the string?",[20,127669,127670,127671,339,127673,114],{},"No. It only checks the ending and returns ",[15,127672,338],{},[15,127674,342],{},[262,127676,1507,127678,127680],{"id":127677},"can-endswith-check-more-than-one-ending",[15,127679,125879],{}," check more than one ending?",[20,127682,127683,127684,114],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of suffixes, such as ",[15,127685,127686],{},"(\".jpg\", \".png\")",[262,127688,1485,127690,1488],{"id":127689},"is-endswith-case-sensitive",[15,127691,125879],{},[20,127693,127694,127695,339,127697,127700],{},"Yes. Use ",[15,127696,855],{},[15,127698,127699],{},"upper()"," first if you want a case-insensitive check.",[262,127702,4828,127704,51,127706,2135],{"id":127703},"what-is-the-difference-between-endswith-and-find",[15,127705,125879],{},[15,127707,1129],{},[20,127709,127710,127712,127713,127715],{},[15,127711,125879],{}," only checks the end of the string. ",[15,127714,1129],{}," searches for text anywhere in the string.",[60,127717,1527],{"id":1526},[30,127719,127720,127726,127732,127736,127740],{},[33,127721,127722],{},[125,127723,125821,127724,10399],{"href":127186},[15,127725,127189],{},[33,127727,127728],{},[125,127729,125821,127730,10399],{"href":852},[15,127731,855],{},[33,127733,127734],{},[125,127735,1557],{"href":348},[33,127737,127738],{},[125,127739,1564],{"href":1307},[33,127741,127742],{},[125,127743,124576],{"href":50627},[1566,127745,127746],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":70,"searchDepth":99,"depth":99,"links":127748},[127749,127750,127752,127753,127758,127759,127765,127766,127767,127775,127785],{"id":62,"depth":99,"text":63},{"id":125987,"depth":99,"text":127751},"What endswith() does",{"id":226,"depth":99,"text":227},{"id":126202,"depth":99,"text":126203,"children":127754},[127755,127756,127757],{"id":126116,"depth":133,"text":126116},{"id":50,"depth":133,"text":50},{"id":54,"depth":133,"text":54},{"id":304,"depth":99,"text":305},{"id":126615,"depth":99,"text":126616,"children":127760},[127761,127762,127763,127764],{"id":126619,"depth":133,"text":126620},{"id":126673,"depth":133,"text":126674},{"id":126730,"depth":133,"text":126731},{"id":126784,"depth":133,"text":126785},{"id":768,"depth":99,"text":769},{"id":127018,"depth":99,"text":127019},{"id":913,"depth":99,"text":914,"children":127768},[127769,127770,127771,127773],{"id":127198,"depth":133,"text":127199},{"id":127276,"depth":133,"text":127277},{"id":127373,"depth":133,"text":127772},"Confusing endswith() with in",{"id":127461,"depth":133,"text":127774},"Expecting endswith() to remove the suffix",{"id":1470,"depth":99,"text":1471,"children":127776},[127777,127779,127781,127783],{"id":127664,"depth":133,"text":127778},"Does endswith() change the string?",{"id":127677,"depth":133,"text":127780},"Can endswith() check more than one ending?",{"id":127689,"depth":133,"text":127782},"Is endswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":127703,"depth":133,"text":127784},"What is the difference between endswith() and find()?",{"id":1526,"depth":99,"text":1527},"Master python string endswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method",{"title":125871,"description":127786},"reference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method","jmT6sZS8GCE7qxlLXjoIsllvV_eO0eIaQJVm97pUvDY",{"id":127793,"title":127794,"body":127795,"description":129463,"extension":1610,"meta":129464,"navigation":407,"path":129465,"seo":129466,"stem":129467,"__hash__":129468},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method.md","Python String find() Method",{"type":7,"value":127796,"toc":129436},[127797,127802,127807,127812,127817,127910,127920,127925,127930,127945,127947,128029,128037,128039,128041,128068,128070,128086,128093,128095,128203,128205,128210,128226,128228,128323,128331,128334,128340,128345,128350,128357,128496,128499,128512,128514,128518,128525,128595,128598,128647,128654,128661,128675,128680,128685,128731,128777,128793,128795,128800,128814,128817,128939,128944,128946,128951,128984,128987,129063,129065,129074,129088,129091,129175,129178,129289,129292,129320,129322,129329,129333,129339,129342,129348,129351,129358,129369,129375,129382,129384,129433],[10,127798,13,127800,18],{"id":127799},"python-string-find-method",[15,127801,1129],{},[20,127803,22,127804,127806],{},[15,127805,1129],{}," method searches for a substring inside a string.",[20,127808,127809,127810,114],{},"It returns the index of the first match. If the text is not found, it returns ",[15,127811,65496],{},[20,127813,176,127814,127816],{},[15,127815,1129],{}," when you want the position of some text and it is normal for that text to be missing.",[65,127818,127820],{"className":67,"code":127819,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.find(\"world\")\nprint(position)   # 6\n\nmissing = text.find(\"python\")\nprint(missing)    # -1\n",[15,127821,127822,127834,127857,127870,127874,127897],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,127823,127824,127826,127828,127830,127832],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,127825,81],{"class":80},[74,127827,85],{"class":84},[74,127829,89],{"class":88},[74,127831,60054],{"class":92},[74,127833,96],{"class":88},[74,127835,127836,127838,127840,127842,127844,127847,127849,127851,127853,127855],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,127837,64565],{"class":80},[74,127839,85],{"class":84},[74,127841,388],{"class":80},[74,127843,114],{"class":106},[74,127845,127846],{"class":110},"find",[74,127848,107],{"class":106},[74,127850,122],{"class":88},[74,127852,60239],{"class":92},[74,127854,122],{"class":88},[74,127856,260],{"class":106},[74,127858,127859,127861,127863,127865,127867],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,127860,103],{"class":102},[74,127862,107],{"class":106},[74,127864,1150],{"class":110},[74,127866,3311],{"class":106},[74,127868,127869],{"class":3314},"   # 6\n",[74,127871,127872],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,127873,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,127875,127876,127879,127881,127883,127885,127887,127889,127891,127893,127895],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,127877,127878],{"class":80},"missing ",[74,127880,85],{"class":84},[74,127882,388],{"class":80},[74,127884,114],{"class":106},[74,127886,127846],{"class":110},[74,127888,107],{"class":106},[74,127890,122],{"class":88},[74,127892,69],{"class":92},[74,127894,122],{"class":88},[74,127896,260],{"class":106},[74,127898,127899,127901,127903,127905,127907],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,127900,103],{"class":102},[74,127902,107],{"class":106},[74,127904,26427],{"class":110},[74,127906,3311],{"class":106},[74,127908,127909],{"class":3314},"    # -1\n",[43235,127911,127912],{},[20,127913,176,127914,127916,127917,127919],{},[15,127915,1129],{}," when you want the position of a substring. It returns ",[15,127918,65496],{}," if the substring is not found.",[60,127921,3328,127923,38],{"id":127922},"what-find-does",[15,127924,1129],{},[20,127926,127927,127929],{},[15,127928,1129],{}," is a string method that:",[30,127931,127932,127935,127938,127943],{},[33,127933,127934],{},"Searches a string for a substring",[33,127936,127937],{},"Returns the index of the first match",[33,127939,11082,127940,127942],{},[15,127941,65496],{}," if no match is found",[33,127944,126007],{},[20,127946,506],{},[65,127948,127950],{"className":67,"code":127949,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"na\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))    # -1\nprint(text)              # banana\n",[15,127951,127952,127964,127968,127992,128016],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,127953,127954,127956,127958,127960,127962],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,127955,81],{"class":80},[74,127957,85],{"class":84},[74,127959,89],{"class":88},[74,127961,93],{"class":92},[74,127963,96],{"class":88},[74,127965,127966],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,127967,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,127969,127970,127972,127974,127976,127978,127980,127982,127984,127986,127988,127990],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,127971,103],{"class":102},[74,127973,107],{"class":106},[74,127975,111],{"class":110},[74,127977,114],{"class":106},[74,127979,127846],{"class":110},[74,127981,107],{"class":106},[74,127983,122],{"class":88},[74,127985,150],{"class":92},[74,127987,122],{"class":88},[74,127989,5011],{"class":106},[74,127991,57297],{"class":3314},[74,127993,127994,127996,127998,128000,128002,128004,128006,128008,128010,128012,128014],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,127995,103],{"class":102},[74,127997,107],{"class":106},[74,127999,111],{"class":110},[74,128001,114],{"class":106},[74,128003,127846],{"class":110},[74,128005,107],{"class":106},[74,128007,122],{"class":88},[74,128009,1816],{"class":92},[74,128011,122],{"class":88},[74,128013,5011],{"class":106},[74,128015,127909],{"class":3314},[74,128017,128018,128020,128022,128024,128026],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,128019,103],{"class":102},[74,128021,107],{"class":106},[74,128023,111],{"class":110},[74,128025,3311],{"class":106},[74,128027,128028],{"class":3314},"              # banana\n",[20,128030,20426,128031,128034,128035,114],{},[15,128032,128033],{},"\"na\""," first appears at index ",[15,128036,687],{},[60,128038,227],{"id":226},[20,128040,1802],{},[65,128042,128044],{"className":67,"code":128043,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"string.find(value, start, end)\n",[15,128045,128046],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,128047,128048,128050,128052,128054,128056,128058,128060,128062,128064,128066],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,128049,237],{"class":80},[74,128051,114],{"class":106},[74,128053,127846],{"class":110},[74,128055,107],{"class":106},[74,128057,246],{"class":110},[74,128059,249],{"class":106},[74,128061,252],{"class":110},[74,128063,249],{"class":106},[74,128065,257],{"class":110},[74,128067,260],{"class":106},[262,128069,265],{"id":264},[30,128071,128072,128076,128081],{},[33,128073,128074,272],{},[15,128075,246],{},[33,128077,128078,128080],{},[15,128079,50],{},": optional starting position",[33,128082,128083,128085],{},[15,128084,54],{},": optional ending position",[20,128087,128088,51,128090,128092],{},[15,128089,50],{},[15,128091,54],{}," let you search only part of the string.",[20,128094,126150],{},[65,128096,128098],{"className":67,"code":128097,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"o\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5))     # 7\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5, 7))  # -1\n",[15,128099,128100,128112,128116,128141,128170],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,128101,128102,128104,128106,128108,128110],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,128103,81],{"class":80},[74,128105,85],{"class":84},[74,128107,89],{"class":88},[74,128109,60054],{"class":92},[74,128111,96],{"class":88},[74,128113,128114],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,128115,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,128117,128118,128120,128122,128124,128126,128128,128130,128132,128134,128136,128138],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,128119,103],{"class":102},[74,128121,107],{"class":106},[74,128123,111],{"class":110},[74,128125,114],{"class":106},[74,128127,127846],{"class":110},[74,128129,107],{"class":106},[74,128131,122],{"class":88},[74,128133,60121],{"class":92},[74,128135,122],{"class":88},[74,128137,5011],{"class":106},[74,128139,128140],{"class":3314},"        # 4\n",[74,128142,128143,128145,128147,128149,128151,128153,128155,128157,128159,128161,128163,128165,128167],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,128144,103],{"class":102},[74,128146,107],{"class":106},[74,128148,111],{"class":110},[74,128150,114],{"class":106},[74,128152,127846],{"class":110},[74,128154,107],{"class":106},[74,128156,122],{"class":88},[74,128158,60121],{"class":92},[74,128160,122],{"class":88},[74,128162,249],{"class":106},[74,128164,651],{"class":167},[74,128166,5011],{"class":106},[74,128168,128169],{"class":3314},"     # 7\n",[74,128171,128172,128174,128176,128178,128180,128182,128184,128186,128188,128190,128192,128194,128196,128198,128200],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,128173,103],{"class":102},[74,128175,107],{"class":106},[74,128177,111],{"class":110},[74,128179,114],{"class":106},[74,128181,127846],{"class":110},[74,128183,107],{"class":106},[74,128185,122],{"class":88},[74,128187,60121],{"class":92},[74,128189,122],{"class":88},[74,128191,249],{"class":106},[74,128193,651],{"class":167},[74,128195,249],{"class":106},[74,128197,5645],{"class":167},[74,128199,5011],{"class":106},[74,128201,128202],{"class":3314},"  # -1\n",[60,128204,37676],{"id":37675},[20,128206,57196,128207,128209],{},[15,128208,1129],{}," is always an integer.",[30,128211,128212,128218,128221],{},[33,128213,128214,128215,128217],{},"A number ",[15,128216,327],{}," or greater means the substring was found",[33,128219,128220],{},"The number is the starting position of the match",[33,128222,128223,128225],{},[15,128224,65496],{}," means the substring was not found",[20,128227,506],{},[65,128229,128231],{"className":67,"code":128230,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"python\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"py\"))   # 0\nprint(text.find(\"th\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))    # -1\n",[15,128232,128233,128245,128249,128274,128299],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,128234,128235,128237,128239,128241,128243],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,128236,81],{"class":80},[74,128238,85],{"class":84},[74,128240,89],{"class":88},[74,128242,69],{"class":92},[74,128244,96],{"class":88},[74,128246,128247],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,128248,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,128250,128251,128253,128255,128257,128259,128261,128263,128265,128268,128270,128272],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,128252,103],{"class":102},[74,128254,107],{"class":106},[74,128256,111],{"class":110},[74,128258,114],{"class":106},[74,128260,127846],{"class":110},[74,128262,107],{"class":106},[74,128264,122],{"class":88},[74,128266,128267],{"class":92},"py",[74,128269,122],{"class":88},[74,128271,5011],{"class":106},[74,128273,20423],{"class":3314},[74,128275,128276,128278,128280,128282,128284,128286,128288,128290,128293,128295,128297],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,128277,103],{"class":102},[74,128279,107],{"class":106},[74,128281,111],{"class":110},[74,128283,114],{"class":106},[74,128285,127846],{"class":110},[74,128287,107],{"class":106},[74,128289,122],{"class":88},[74,128291,128292],{"class":92},"th",[74,128294,122],{"class":88},[74,128296,5011],{"class":106},[74,128298,57297],{"class":3314},[74,128300,128301,128303,128305,128307,128309,128311,128313,128315,128317,128319,128321],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,128302,103],{"class":102},[74,128304,107],{"class":106},[74,128306,111],{"class":110},[74,128308,114],{"class":106},[74,128310,127846],{"class":110},[74,128312,107],{"class":106},[74,128314,122],{"class":88},[74,128316,21733],{"class":92},[74,128318,122],{"class":88},[74,128320,5011],{"class":106},[74,128322,127909],{"class":3314},[20,128324,89547,128325,8113,128327,339,128329,114],{},[15,128326,1129],{},[15,128328,338],{},[15,128330,342],{},[20,128332,128333],{},"It does not return a Boolean value. It returns the position of the match.",[60,128335,571,128336,51,128338],{"id":570},[15,128337,50],{},[15,128339,54],{},[20,128341,176,128342,128344],{},[15,128343,50],{}," to skip the earlier part of a string.",[20,128346,176,128347,128349],{},[15,128348,54],{}," to stop searching before a certain position.",[20,128351,1627,128352,75101,128354,128356],{},[15,128353,54],{},[332,128355,64713],{}," in the search.",[65,128358,128360],{"className":67,"code":128359,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"one two three two\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"two\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 5))     # 14\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 7))  # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 4))  # -1\n",[15,128361,128362,128375,128379,128403,128432,128464],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,128363,128364,128366,128368,128370,128373],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,128365,81],{"class":80},[74,128367,85],{"class":84},[74,128369,89],{"class":88},[74,128371,128372],{"class":92},"one two three two",[74,128374,96],{"class":88},[74,128376,128377],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,128378,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,128380,128381,128383,128385,128387,128389,128391,128393,128395,128397,128399,128401],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,128382,103],{"class":102},[74,128384,107],{"class":106},[74,128386,111],{"class":110},[74,128388,114],{"class":106},[74,128390,127846],{"class":110},[74,128392,107],{"class":106},[74,128394,122],{"class":88},[74,128396,78908],{"class":92},[74,128398,122],{"class":88},[74,128400,5011],{"class":106},[74,128402,128140],{"class":3314},[74,128404,128405,128407,128409,128411,128413,128415,128417,128419,128421,128423,128425,128427,128429],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,128406,103],{"class":102},[74,128408,107],{"class":106},[74,128410,111],{"class":110},[74,128412,114],{"class":106},[74,128414,127846],{"class":110},[74,128416,107],{"class":106},[74,128418,122],{"class":88},[74,128420,78908],{"class":92},[74,128422,122],{"class":88},[74,128424,249],{"class":106},[74,128426,651],{"class":167},[74,128428,5011],{"class":106},[74,128430,128431],{"class":3314},"     # 14\n",[74,128433,128434,128436,128438,128440,128442,128444,128446,128448,128450,128452,128454,128456,128458,128460,128462],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,128435,103],{"class":102},[74,128437,107],{"class":106},[74,128439,111],{"class":110},[74,128441,114],{"class":106},[74,128443,127846],{"class":110},[74,128445,107],{"class":106},[74,128447,122],{"class":88},[74,128449,78908],{"class":92},[74,128451,122],{"class":88},[74,128453,249],{"class":106},[74,128455,3485],{"class":167},[74,128457,249],{"class":106},[74,128459,5645],{"class":167},[74,128461,5011],{"class":106},[74,128463,50587],{"class":3314},[74,128465,128466,128468,128470,128472,128474,128476,128478,128480,128482,128484,128486,128488,128490,128492,128494],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,128467,103],{"class":102},[74,128469,107],{"class":106},[74,128471,111],{"class":110},[74,128473,114],{"class":106},[74,128475,127846],{"class":110},[74,128477,107],{"class":106},[74,128479,122],{"class":88},[74,128481,78908],{"class":92},[74,128483,122],{"class":88},[74,128485,249],{"class":106},[74,128487,3485],{"class":167},[74,128489,249],{"class":106},[74,128491,2100],{"class":167},[74,128493,5011],{"class":106},[74,128495,128202],{"class":3314},[20,128497,128498],{},"This is useful when you only want to search inside part of a string before slicing or processing it further.",[20,128500,128501,128502,54721,128506,114],{},"If you want to split text after finding a separator, see ",[125,128503,128505],{"href":128504},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to split a string in Python",[125,128507,128509,128511],{"href":128508},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method\u002F",[15,128510,60179],{}," string method",[60,128513,769],{"id":768},[20,128515,128516,567],{},[15,128517,1129],{},[20,128519,126866,128520,51,128522,128524],{},[15,128521,794],{},[15,128523,791],{}," are treated as different text.",[65,128526,128528],{"className":67,"code":128527,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"Hello\"))  # 0\nprint(text.find(\"hello\"))  # -1\n",[15,128529,128530,128543,128547,128571],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,128531,128532,128534,128536,128538,128541],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,128533,81],{"class":80},[74,128535,85],{"class":84},[74,128537,89],{"class":88},[74,128539,128540],{"class":92},"Hello World",[74,128542,96],{"class":88},[74,128544,128545],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,128546,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,128548,128549,128551,128553,128555,128557,128559,128561,128563,128565,128567,128569],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,128550,103],{"class":102},[74,128552,107],{"class":106},[74,128554,111],{"class":110},[74,128556,114],{"class":106},[74,128558,127846],{"class":110},[74,128560,107],{"class":106},[74,128562,122],{"class":88},[74,128564,34524],{"class":92},[74,128566,122],{"class":88},[74,128568,5011],{"class":106},[74,128570,50899],{"class":3314},[74,128572,128573,128575,128577,128579,128581,128583,128585,128587,128589,128591,128593],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,128574,103],{"class":102},[74,128576,107],{"class":106},[74,128578,111],{"class":110},[74,128580,114],{"class":106},[74,128582,127846],{"class":110},[74,128584,107],{"class":106},[74,128586,122],{"class":88},[74,128588,3497],{"class":92},[74,128590,122],{"class":88},[74,128592,5011],{"class":106},[74,128594,128202],{"class":3314},[20,128596,128597],{},"If you want a case-insensitive search, convert both values to the same case first.",[65,128599,128601],{"className":67,"code":128600,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower().find(\"hello\"))  # 0\n",[15,128602,128603,128615,128619],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,128604,128605,128607,128609,128611,128613],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,128606,81],{"class":80},[74,128608,85],{"class":84},[74,128610,89],{"class":88},[74,128612,128540],{"class":92},[74,128614,96],{"class":88},[74,128616,128617],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,128618,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,128620,128621,128623,128625,128627,128629,128631,128633,128635,128637,128639,128641,128643,128645],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,128622,103],{"class":102},[74,128624,107],{"class":106},[74,128626,111],{"class":110},[74,128628,114],{"class":106},[74,128630,885],{"class":110},[74,128632,888],{"class":106},[74,128634,127846],{"class":110},[74,128636,107],{"class":106},[74,128638,122],{"class":88},[74,128640,3497],{"class":92},[74,128642,122],{"class":88},[74,128644,5011],{"class":106},[74,128646,50899],{"class":3314},[60,128648,128650,10243,128652],{"id":128649},"find-vs-index",[15,128651,1129],{},[15,128653,1132],{},[20,128655,128656,51,128658,128660],{},[15,128657,1129],{},[15,128659,1132],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the substring is missing.",[30,128662,128663,128669],{},[33,128664,128665,2039,128667],{},[15,128666,1129],{},[15,128668,65496],{},[33,128670,128671,52147,128673],{},[15,128672,1132],{},[15,128674,40361],{},[20,128676,176,128677,128679],{},[15,128678,1129],{}," when missing text is normal.",[20,128681,176,128682,128684],{},[15,128683,1132],{}," when the value must exist.",[65,128686,128688],{"className":67,"code":128687,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))   # -1\n",[15,128689,128690,128702,128706],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,128691,128692,128694,128696,128698,128700],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,128693,81],{"class":80},[74,128695,85],{"class":84},[74,128697,89],{"class":88},[74,128699,3497],{"class":92},[74,128701,96],{"class":88},[74,128703,128704],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,128705,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,128707,128708,128710,128712,128714,128716,128718,128720,128722,128724,128726,128728],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,128709,103],{"class":102},[74,128711,107],{"class":106},[74,128713,111],{"class":110},[74,128715,114],{"class":106},[74,128717,127846],{"class":110},[74,128719,107],{"class":106},[74,128721,122],{"class":88},[74,128723,1816],{"class":92},[74,128725,122],{"class":88},[74,128727,5011],{"class":106},[74,128729,128730],{"class":3314},"   # -1\n",[65,128732,128734],{"className":67,"code":128733,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"x\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,128735,128736,128748,128752],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,128737,128738,128740,128742,128744,128746],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,128739,81],{"class":80},[74,128741,85],{"class":84},[74,128743,89],{"class":88},[74,128745,3497],{"class":92},[74,128747,96],{"class":88},[74,128749,128750],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,128751,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,128753,128754,128756,128758,128760,128762,128764,128766,128768,128770,128772,128774],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,128755,103],{"class":102},[74,128757,107],{"class":106},[74,128759,111],{"class":110},[74,128761,114],{"class":106},[74,128763,35503],{"class":110},[74,128765,107],{"class":106},[74,128767,122],{"class":88},[74,128769,1816],{"class":92},[74,128771,122],{"class":88},[74,128773,5011],{"class":106},[74,128775,128776],{"class":3314},"  # ValueError\n",[20,128778,128779,128780,128784,128785,128787,128788,114],{},"If you want to learn the difference in more detail, see the ",[125,128781,128782,128511],{"href":1156},[15,128783,1132],{},". If your code crashes because of ",[15,128786,1132],{},", read ",[125,128789,25336,128790],{"href":73121},[15,128791,128792],{},"ValueError: substring not found",[60,128794,40702],{"id":40701},[20,128796,35062,128797,128799],{},[15,128798,1129],{}," for simple string search tasks like these:",[30,128801,128802,128805,128808,128811],{},[33,128803,128804],{},"Check whether part of a string exists",[33,128806,128807],{},"Get the position of a word",[33,128809,128810],{},"Find separators like commas, colons, or spaces",[33,128812,128813],{},"Search before slicing a string",[20,128815,128816],{},"Example: finding a colon before slicing",[65,128818,128820],{"className":67,"code":128819,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"name:Alice\"\ncolon_pos = text.find(\":\")\n\nif colon_pos != -1:\n    label = text[:colon_pos]\n    value = text[colon_pos + 1:]\n    print(label)  # name\n    print(value)  # Alice\n",[15,128821,128822,128835,128858,128862,128877,128893,128912,128926],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,128823,128824,128826,128828,128830,128833],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,128825,81],{"class":80},[74,128827,85],{"class":84},[74,128829,89],{"class":88},[74,128831,128832],{"class":92},"name:Alice",[74,128834,96],{"class":88},[74,128836,128837,128840,128842,128844,128846,128848,128850,128852,128854,128856],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,128838,128839],{"class":80},"colon_pos ",[74,128841,85],{"class":84},[74,128843,388],{"class":80},[74,128845,114],{"class":106},[74,128847,127846],{"class":110},[74,128849,107],{"class":106},[74,128851,122],{"class":88},[74,128853,679],{"class":92},[74,128855,122],{"class":88},[74,128857,260],{"class":106},[74,128859,128860],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,128861,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,128863,128864,128866,128869,128871,128873,128875],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,128865,6651],{"class":3529},[74,128867,128868],{"class":80}," colon_pos ",[74,128870,72232],{"class":84},[74,128872,1864],{"class":84},[74,128874,2632],{"class":167},[74,128876,6046],{"class":106},[74,128878,128879,128882,128884,128886,128888,128891],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,128880,128881],{"class":80},"    label ",[74,128883,85],{"class":84},[74,128885,388],{"class":80},[74,128887,75174],{"class":106},[74,128889,128890],{"class":80},"colon_pos",[74,128892,3284],{"class":106},[74,128894,128895,128897,128899,128901,128903,128905,128907,128909],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,128896,27055],{"class":80},[74,128898,85],{"class":84},[74,128900,388],{"class":80},[74,128902,742],{"class":106},[74,128904,128839],{"class":80},[74,128906,1706],{"class":84},[74,128908,5148],{"class":167},[74,128910,128911],{"class":106},":]\n",[74,128913,128914,128916,128918,128921,128923],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,128915,7726],{"class":102},[74,128917,107],{"class":106},[74,128919,128920],{"class":110},"label",[74,128922,3311],{"class":106},[74,128924,128925],{"class":3314},"  # name\n",[74,128927,128928,128930,128932,128934,128936],{"class":76,"line":6079},[74,128929,7726],{"class":102},[74,128931,107],{"class":106},[74,128933,246],{"class":110},[74,128935,3311],{"class":106},[74,128937,128938],{"class":3314},"  # Alice\n",[20,128940,128941,128942,114],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, you may also want to read ",[125,128943,126857],{"href":348},[60,128945,914],{"id":913},[20,128947,128948,128949,679],{},"These are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,128950,1129],{},[30,128952,128953,128962,128968,128973,128979],{},[33,128954,923,128955,8113,128957,339,128959,128961],{},[15,128956,1129],{},[15,128958,338],{},[15,128960,342],{}," instead of an index",[33,128963,128964,128965,128967],{},"Forgetting that the method returns ",[15,128966,65496],{}," when the substring is missing",[33,128969,571,128970,128972],{},[15,128971,1129],{}," without handling case differences",[33,128974,1123,128975,1126,128977],{},[15,128976,1129],{},[15,128978,1132],{},[33,128980,4231,128981,128983],{},[15,128982,1129],{}," changes the string",[20,128985,128986],{},"Example of a mistake:",[65,128988,128990],{"className":67,"code":128989,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\"):\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,128991,128992,129004,129008,129028,129043,129049],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,128993,128994,128996,128998,129000,129002],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,128995,81],{"class":80},[74,128997,85],{"class":84},[74,128999,89],{"class":88},[74,129001,3497],{"class":92},[74,129003,96],{"class":88},[74,129005,129006],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,129007,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,129009,129010,129012,129014,129016,129018,129020,129022,129024,129026],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,129011,6651],{"class":3529},[74,129013,388],{"class":80},[74,129015,114],{"class":106},[74,129017,127846],{"class":110},[74,129019,107],{"class":106},[74,129021,122],{"class":88},[74,129023,60086],{"class":92},[74,129025,122],{"class":88},[74,129027,8000],{"class":106},[74,129029,129030,129032,129034,129036,129039,129041],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,129031,7726],{"class":102},[74,129033,107],{"class":106},[74,129035,122],{"class":88},[74,129037,129038],{"class":92},"Found",[74,129040,122],{"class":88},[74,129042,260],{"class":106},[74,129044,129045,129047],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,129046,27088],{"class":3529},[74,129048,6046],{"class":106},[74,129050,129051,129053,129055,129057,129059,129061],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,129052,7726],{"class":102},[74,129054,107],{"class":106},[74,129056,122],{"class":88},[74,129058,25969],{"class":92},[74,129060,122],{"class":88},[74,129062,260],{"class":106},[20,129064,99552],{},[65,129066,129068],{"className":67,"code":129067,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"Not found\n",[15,129069,129070],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,129071,129072],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,129073,129067],{"class":80},[20,129075,45357,129076,129079,129080,16730,129082,129084,129085,129087],{},[15,129077,129078],{},"\"h\""," is found at index ",[15,129081,327],{},[15,129083,327],{}," is treated as false in an ",[15,129086,6651],{}," statement.",[20,129089,129090],{},"A safer version is:",[65,129092,129094],{"className":67,"code":129093,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\") != -1:\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,129095,129096,129108,129112,129141,129155,129161],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,129097,129098,129100,129102,129104,129106],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,129099,81],{"class":80},[74,129101,85],{"class":84},[74,129103,89],{"class":88},[74,129105,3497],{"class":92},[74,129107,96],{"class":88},[74,129109,129110],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,129111,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,129113,129114,129116,129118,129120,129122,129124,129126,129128,129130,129132,129135,129137,129139],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,129115,6651],{"class":3529},[74,129117,388],{"class":80},[74,129119,114],{"class":106},[74,129121,127846],{"class":110},[74,129123,107],{"class":106},[74,129125,122],{"class":88},[74,129127,60086],{"class":92},[74,129129,122],{"class":88},[74,129131,3311],{"class":106},[74,129133,129134],{"class":84}," !=",[74,129136,1864],{"class":84},[74,129138,2632],{"class":167},[74,129140,6046],{"class":106},[74,129142,129143,129145,129147,129149,129151,129153],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,129144,7726],{"class":102},[74,129146,107],{"class":106},[74,129148,122],{"class":88},[74,129150,129038],{"class":92},[74,129152,122],{"class":88},[74,129154,260],{"class":106},[74,129156,129157,129159],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,129158,27088],{"class":3529},[74,129160,6046],{"class":106},[74,129162,129163,129165,129167,129169,129171,129173],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,129164,7726],{"class":102},[74,129166,107],{"class":106},[74,129168,122],{"class":88},[74,129170,25969],{"class":92},[74,129172,122],{"class":88},[74,129174,260],{"class":106},[20,129176,129177],{},"You can also debug string search problems with simple checks like these:",[65,129179,129181],{"className":67,"code":129180,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(text.find('word'))\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.lower().find('word'))\nprint(len(text))\nprint(text.find('word', start, end))\n",[15,129182,129183,129205,129219,129245,129259],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,129184,129185,129187,129189,129191,129193,129195,129197,129199,129201,129203],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,129186,103],{"class":102},[74,129188,107],{"class":106},[74,129190,111],{"class":110},[74,129192,114],{"class":106},[74,129194,127846],{"class":110},[74,129196,107],{"class":106},[74,129198,2946],{"class":88},[74,129200,38047],{"class":92},[74,129202,2946],{"class":88},[74,129204,130],{"class":106},[74,129206,129207,129209,129211,129213,129215,129217],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,129208,103],{"class":102},[74,129210,107],{"class":106},[74,129212,41434],{"class":102},[74,129214,107],{"class":106},[74,129216,111],{"class":110},[74,129218,130],{"class":106},[74,129220,129221,129223,129225,129227,129229,129231,129233,129235,129237,129239,129241,129243],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,129222,103],{"class":102},[74,129224,107],{"class":106},[74,129226,111],{"class":110},[74,129228,114],{"class":106},[74,129230,885],{"class":110},[74,129232,888],{"class":106},[74,129234,127846],{"class":110},[74,129236,107],{"class":106},[74,129238,2946],{"class":88},[74,129240,38047],{"class":92},[74,129242,2946],{"class":88},[74,129244,130],{"class":106},[74,129246,129247,129249,129251,129253,129255,129257],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,129248,103],{"class":102},[74,129250,107],{"class":106},[74,129252,10820],{"class":102},[74,129254,107],{"class":106},[74,129256,111],{"class":110},[74,129258,130],{"class":106},[74,129260,129261,129263,129265,129267,129269,129271,129273,129275,129277,129279,129281,129283,129285,129287],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,129262,103],{"class":102},[74,129264,107],{"class":106},[74,129266,111],{"class":110},[74,129268,114],{"class":106},[74,129270,127846],{"class":110},[74,129272,107],{"class":106},[74,129274,2946],{"class":88},[74,129276,38047],{"class":92},[74,129278,2946],{"class":88},[74,129280,249],{"class":106},[74,129282,252],{"class":110},[74,129284,249],{"class":106},[74,129286,257],{"class":110},[74,129288,130],{"class":106},[20,129290,129291],{},"These help you check:",[30,129293,129294,129299,129304,129309,129312],{},[33,129295,129296,129297],{},"The actual result from ",[15,129298,1129],{},[33,129300,129301,129302],{},"Hidden spaces or newline characters with ",[15,129303,122204],{},[33,129305,129306,129307],{},"Case differences with ",[15,129308,855],{},[33,129310,129311],{},"The string length",[33,129313,129314,129315,51,129317,129319],{},"Whether your ",[15,129316,50],{},[15,129318,54],{}," values are correct",[60,129321,1471],{"id":1470},[262,129323,129325,129326,129328],{"id":129324},"what-does-python-string-find-return-if-the-text-is-not-found","What does Python string ",[15,129327,1129],{}," return if the text is not found?",[20,129330,1501,129331,114],{},[15,129332,65496],{},[262,129334,1517,129336,129338],{"id":129335},"does-find-return-the-first-match-or-all-matches",[15,129337,1129],{}," return the first match or all matches?",[20,129340,129341],{},"It returns the index of the first match only.",[262,129343,129345,129346,1488],{"id":129344},"is-python-find-case-sensitive","Is Python ",[15,129347,1129],{},[20,129349,129350],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are treated as different.",[262,129352,4828,129354,51,129356,69296],{"id":129353},"what-is-the-difference-between-find-and-index-in-python",[15,129355,1129],{},[15,129357,1132],{},[20,129359,129360,2039,129362,129364,129365,52147,129367,114],{},[15,129361,1129],{},[15,129363,65496],{}," if not found, while ",[15,129366,1132],{},[15,129368,40361],{},[262,129370,27983,129372,129374],{"id":129371},"can-i-use-find-to-search-only-part-of-a-string",[15,129373,1129],{}," to search only part of a string?",[20,129376,129377,129378,51,129380,65795],{},"Yes. Use the optional ",[15,129379,50],{},[15,129381,54],{},[60,129383,1527],{"id":1526},[30,129385,129386,129392,129398,129405,129411,129418,129422,129427],{},[33,129387,129388],{},[125,129389,125821,129390,10399],{"href":1156},[15,129391,1132],{},[33,129393,129394],{},[125,129395,125821,129396,10399],{"href":128508},[15,129397,60179],{},[33,129399,129400],{},[125,129401,125821,129403,10399],{"href":129402},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method\u002F",[15,129404,1310],{},[33,129406,129407],{},[125,129408,125821,129409,10399],{"href":127186},[15,129410,127189],{},[33,129412,129413],{},[125,129414,125821,129416,10399],{"href":129415},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method\u002F",[15,129417,125879],{},[33,129419,129420],{},[125,129421,1557],{"href":348},[33,129423,129424],{},[125,129425,129426],{"href":128504},"How to split a string in Python",[33,129428,129429],{},[125,129430,25776,129431],{"href":73121},[15,129432,128792],{},[1566,129434,129435],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":70,"searchDepth":99,"depth":99,"links":129437},[129438,129440,129443,129444,129445,129446,129448,129449,129450,129462],{"id":127922,"depth":99,"text":129439},"What find() does",{"id":226,"depth":99,"text":227,"children":129441},[129442],{"id":264,"depth":133,"text":265},{"id":37675,"depth":99,"text":37676},{"id":570,"depth":99,"text":1581},{"id":768,"depth":99,"text":769},{"id":128649,"depth":99,"text":129447},"find() vs index()",{"id":40701,"depth":99,"text":40702},{"id":913,"depth":99,"text":914},{"id":1470,"depth":99,"text":1471,"children":129451},[129452,129454,129456,129458,129460],{"id":129324,"depth":133,"text":129453},"What does Python string find() return if the text is not found?",{"id":129335,"depth":133,"text":129455},"Does find() return the first match or all matches?",{"id":129344,"depth":133,"text":129457},"Is Python find() case-sensitive?",{"id":129353,"depth":133,"text":129459},"What is the difference between find() and index() in Python?",{"id":129371,"depth":133,"text":129461},"Can I use find() to search only part of a string?",{"id":1526,"depth":99,"text":1527},"Master python string find method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method",{"title":127794,"description":129463},"reference\u002Fpython-string-find-method","_aPlkKFn8WjvuACbSbsUyVsOgHW4RFMjM8HcjwccooM",{"id":129470,"title":129471,"body":129472,"description":131398,"extension":1610,"meta":131399,"navigation":407,"path":131400,"seo":131401,"stem":131402,"__hash__":131403},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method.md","Python String format() Method",{"type":7,"value":129473,"toc":131366},[129474,129479,129484,129487,129489,129565,129569,129597,129605,129609,129614,129618,129635,129637,129704,129708,129730,129738,129740,129743,129767,129770,129784,129786,129871,129875,129887,129890,129894,129900,129950,129954,129971,129980,129983,129991,129994,130043,130047,130072,130075,130130,130134,130146,130152,130156,130162,130167,130234,130238,130264,130267,130278,130280,130347,130351,130376,130383,130387,130392,130399,130407,130409,130461,130465,130483,130485,130530,130534,130549,130552,130562,130569,130571,130575,130578,130589,130591,130651,130655,130683,130686,130692,130697,130700,130704,130748,130751,130789,130792,130800,130802,130807,130811,130814,130862,130865,130868,130924,130928,130933,130936,130985,130987,131036,131042,131047,131049,131096,131100,131113,131115,131166,131172,131175,131179,131182,131188,131193,131195,131198,131270,131273,131290,131292,131297,131300,131304,131310,131316,131323,131329,131335,131337,131363],[10,129475,13,129477,18],{"id":129476},"python-string-format-method",[15,129478,125824],{},[20,129480,22,129481,129483],{},[15,129482,125824],{}," method inserts values into a string by replacing placeholders.",[20,129485,129486],{},"It is a useful way to build readable messages without joining many strings together by hand.",[60,129488,63],{"id":62},[65,129490,129492],{"className":67,"code":129491,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 12\n\nmessage = \"My name is {} and I am {} years old.\".format(name, age)\nprint(message)\n",[15,129493,129494,129506,129514,129518,129555],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,129495,129496,129498,129500,129502,129504],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,129497,7533],{"class":80},[74,129499,85],{"class":84},[74,129501,89],{"class":88},[74,129503,11166],{"class":92},[74,129505,96],{"class":88},[74,129507,129508,129510,129512],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,129509,21284],{"class":80},[74,129511,85],{"class":84},[74,129513,88436],{"class":167},[74,129515,129516],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,129517,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,129519,129520,129522,129524,129526,129529,129531,129534,129536,129538,129540,129542,129545,129547,129549,129551,129553],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,129521,89644],{"class":80},[74,129523,85],{"class":84},[74,129525,89],{"class":88},[74,129527,129528],{"class":92},"My name is ",[74,129530,3443],{"class":167},[74,129532,129533],{"class":92}," and I am ",[74,129535,3443],{"class":167},[74,129537,121986],{"class":92},[74,129539,122],{"class":88},[74,129541,114],{"class":106},[74,129543,129544],{"class":110},"format",[74,129546,107],{"class":106},[74,129548,7323],{"class":110},[74,129550,249],{"class":106},[74,129552,8844],{"class":110},[74,129554,260],{"class":106},[74,129556,129557,129559,129561,129563],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,129558,103],{"class":102},[74,129560,107],{"class":106},[74,129562,89661],{"class":110},[74,129564,260],{"class":106},[20,129566,129567],{},[332,129568,157],{},[65,129570,129572],{"className":67,"code":129571,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"My name is Maya and I am 12 years old.\n",[15,129573,129574],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,129575,129576,129579,129581,129584,129587,129590,129593,129595],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,129577,129578],{"class":80},"My name ",[74,129580,11852],{"class":84},[74,129582,129583],{"class":80}," Maya ",[74,129585,129586],{"class":84},"and",[74,129588,129589],{"class":80}," I am ",[74,129591,129592],{"class":167},"12",[74,129594,122019],{"class":80},[74,129596,122022],{"class":106},[20,129598,176,129599,129601,129602,129604],{},[15,129600,3443],{}," as placeholders, then pass values to ",[15,129603,125824],{}," in the same order.",[20,129606,124573,129607,114],{},[125,129608,124576],{"href":50627},[60,129610,184,129612,187],{"id":129611},"what-the-format-method-does",[15,129613,125824],{},[20,129615,1627,129616,11071],{},[15,129617,125824],{},[30,129619,129620,129623,129629,129632],{},[33,129621,129622],{},"inserts values into a string",[33,129624,129625,129626,129628],{},"replaces placeholders like ",[15,129627,3443],{}," with given values",[33,129630,129631],{},"returns a new string",[33,129633,129634],{},"does not change the original string",[20,129636,506],{},[65,129638,129640],{"className":67,"code":129639,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\nnew_text = text.format(\"Sam\")\n\nprint(new_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,129641,129642,129656,129679,129683,129694],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,129643,129644,129646,129648,129650,129652,129654],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,129645,81],{"class":80},[74,129647,85],{"class":84},[74,129649,89],{"class":88},[74,129651,44555],{"class":92},[74,129653,3443],{"class":167},[74,129655,96],{"class":88},[74,129657,129658,129661,129663,129665,129667,129669,129671,129673,129675,129677],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,129659,129660],{"class":80},"new_text ",[74,129662,85],{"class":84},[74,129664,388],{"class":80},[74,129666,114],{"class":106},[74,129668,129544],{"class":110},[74,129670,107],{"class":106},[74,129672,122],{"class":88},[74,129674,7332],{"class":92},[74,129676,122],{"class":88},[74,129678,260],{"class":106},[74,129680,129681],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,129682,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,129684,129685,129687,129689,129692],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,129686,103],{"class":102},[74,129688,107],{"class":106},[74,129690,129691],{"class":110},"new_text",[74,129693,260],{"class":106},[74,129695,129696,129698,129700,129702],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,129697,103],{"class":102},[74,129699,107],{"class":106},[74,129701,111],{"class":110},[74,129703,260],{"class":106},[20,129705,129706],{},[332,129707,157],{},[65,129709,129711],{"className":67,"code":129710,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"Hello, Sam\nHello, {}\n",[15,129712,129713,129722],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,129714,129715,129717,129719],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,129716,34524],{"class":80},[74,129718,249],{"class":106},[74,129720,129721],{"class":80}," Sam\n",[74,129723,129724,129726,129728],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,129725,34524],{"class":80},[74,129727,249],{"class":106},[74,129729,9495],{"class":106},[20,129731,1927,129732,129734,129735,129737],{},[15,129733,111],{}," stays the same. ",[15,129736,125824],{}," creates and returns a new string.",[60,129739,227],{"id":226},[20,129741,129742],{},"The general form is:",[65,129744,129746],{"className":67,"code":129745,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"\"text {}\".format(value)\n",[15,129747,129748],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,129749,129750,129752,129755,129757,129759,129761,129763,129765],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,129751,122],{"class":42983},[74,129753,129754],{"class":42987},"text {}",[74,129756,122],{"class":42983},[74,129758,114],{"class":106},[74,129760,129544],{"class":110},[74,129762,107],{"class":106},[74,129764,246],{"class":110},[74,129766,260],{"class":106},[20,129768,129769],{},"Key idea:",[30,129771,129772,129778,129781],{},[33,129773,129774,129775,129777],{},"each ",[15,129776,3443],{}," is a placeholder",[33,129779,129780],{},"values are inserted from left to right by default",[33,129782,129783],{},"the number of placeholders should match the values you pass",[20,129785,506],{},[65,129787,129789],{"className":67,"code":129788,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"animal = \"cat\"\nsound = \"meow\"\n\nsentence = \"The {} says {}.\".format(animal, sound)\nprint(sentence)\n",[15,129790,129791,129804,129818,129822,129860],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,129792,129793,129796,129798,129800,129802],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,129794,129795],{"class":80},"animal ",[74,129797,85],{"class":84},[74,129799,89],{"class":88},[74,129801,486],{"class":92},[74,129803,96],{"class":88},[74,129805,129806,129809,129811,129813,129816],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,129807,129808],{"class":80},"sound ",[74,129810,85],{"class":84},[74,129812,89],{"class":88},[74,129814,129815],{"class":92},"meow",[74,129817,96],{"class":88},[74,129819,129820],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,129821,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,129823,129824,129827,129829,129831,129833,129835,129838,129840,129842,129844,129846,129848,129850,129853,129855,129858],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,129825,129826],{"class":80},"sentence ",[74,129828,85],{"class":84},[74,129830,89],{"class":88},[74,129832,1627],{"class":92},[74,129834,3443],{"class":167},[74,129836,129837],{"class":92}," says ",[74,129839,3443],{"class":167},[74,129841,114],{"class":92},[74,129843,122],{"class":88},[74,129845,114],{"class":106},[74,129847,129544],{"class":110},[74,129849,107],{"class":106},[74,129851,129852],{"class":110},"animal",[74,129854,249],{"class":106},[74,129856,129857],{"class":110}," sound",[74,129859,260],{"class":106},[74,129861,129862,129864,129866,129869],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,129863,103],{"class":102},[74,129865,107],{"class":106},[74,129867,129868],{"class":110},"sentence",[74,129870,260],{"class":106},[20,129872,129873],{},[332,129874,157],{},[65,129876,129878],{"className":67,"code":129877,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"The cat says meow.\n",[15,129879,129880],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,129881,129882,129885],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,129883,129884],{"class":80},"The cat says meow",[74,129886,122022],{"class":106},[20,129888,129889],{},"You can print the result directly, or save it in a variable first.",[60,129891,129893],{"id":129892},"using-positional-placeholders","Using positional placeholders",[20,129895,129896,129897,129899],{},"You can use empty braces ",[15,129898,3443],{}," for simple left-to-right replacement.",[65,129901,129903],{"className":67,"code":129902,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(\"I like {} and {}.\".format(\"pizza\", \"pasta\"))\n",[15,129904,129905],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,129906,129907,129909,129911,129913,129916,129918,129920,129922,129924,129926,129928,129930,129932,129934,129937,129939,129941,129943,129946,129948],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,129908,103],{"class":102},[74,129910,107],{"class":106},[74,129912,122],{"class":88},[74,129914,129915],{"class":92},"I like ",[74,129917,3443],{"class":167},[74,129919,51],{"class":92},[74,129921,3443],{"class":167},[74,129923,114],{"class":92},[74,129925,122],{"class":88},[74,129927,114],{"class":106},[74,129929,129544],{"class":110},[74,129931,107],{"class":106},[74,129933,122],{"class":88},[74,129935,129936],{"class":92},"pizza",[74,129938,122],{"class":88},[74,129940,249],{"class":106},[74,129942,89],{"class":88},[74,129944,129945],{"class":92},"pasta",[74,129947,122],{"class":88},[74,129949,130],{"class":106},[20,129951,129952],{},[332,129953,157],{},[65,129955,129957],{"className":67,"code":129956,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"I like pizza and pasta.\n",[15,129958,129959],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,129960,129961,129964,129966,129969],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,129962,129963],{"class":80},"I like pizza ",[74,129965,129586],{"class":84},[74,129967,129968],{"class":80}," pasta",[74,129970,122022],{"class":106},[20,129972,129973,129974,51,129977,114],{},"You can also use numbered placeholders like ",[15,129975,129976],{},"{0}",[15,129978,129979],{},"{1}",[20,129981,129982],{},"This is helpful when:",[30,129984,129985,129988],{},[33,129986,129987],{},"you want to reuse a value",[33,129989,129990],{},"you want to change the order",[20,129992,129993],{},"Example with reused values:",[65,129995,129997],{"className":67,"code":129996,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"{0} is learning Python. {0} likes coding.\".format(\"Lina\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,129998,129999,130033],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,130000,130001,130003,130005,130007,130009,130012,130014,130017,130019,130021,130023,130025,130027,130029,130031],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,130002,81],{"class":80},[74,130004,85],{"class":84},[74,130006,89],{"class":88},[74,130008,129976],{"class":167},[74,130010,130011],{"class":92}," is learning Python. ",[74,130013,129976],{"class":167},[74,130015,130016],{"class":92}," likes coding.",[74,130018,122],{"class":88},[74,130020,114],{"class":106},[74,130022,129544],{"class":110},[74,130024,107],{"class":106},[74,130026,122],{"class":88},[74,130028,19537],{"class":92},[74,130030,122],{"class":88},[74,130032,260],{"class":106},[74,130034,130035,130037,130039,130041],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,130036,103],{"class":102},[74,130038,107],{"class":106},[74,130040,111],{"class":110},[74,130042,260],{"class":106},[20,130044,130045],{},[332,130046,157],{},[65,130048,130050],{"className":67,"code":130049,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"Lina is learning Python. Lina likes coding.\n",[15,130051,130052],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,130053,130054,130057,130059,130062,130064,130067,130070],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,130055,130056],{"class":80},"Lina ",[74,130058,11852],{"class":84},[74,130060,130061],{"class":80}," learning Python",[74,130063,114],{"class":106},[74,130065,130066],{"class":24406}," Lina",[74,130068,130069],{"class":80}," likes coding",[74,130071,122022],{"class":106},[20,130073,130074],{},"Example with changed order:",[65,130076,130078],{"className":67,"code":130077,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"{1} comes after {0}.\".format(\"one\", \"two\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130079,130080,130120],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,130081,130082,130084,130086,130088,130090,130092,130094,130096,130098,130100,130102,130104,130106,130108,130110,130112,130114,130116,130118],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,130083,81],{"class":80},[74,130085,85],{"class":84},[74,130087,89],{"class":88},[74,130089,129979],{"class":167},[74,130091,82963],{"class":92},[74,130093,129976],{"class":167},[74,130095,114],{"class":92},[74,130097,122],{"class":88},[74,130099,114],{"class":106},[74,130101,129544],{"class":110},[74,130103,107],{"class":106},[74,130105,122],{"class":88},[74,130107,543],{"class":92},[74,130109,122],{"class":88},[74,130111,249],{"class":106},[74,130113,89],{"class":88},[74,130115,78908],{"class":92},[74,130117,122],{"class":88},[74,130119,260],{"class":106},[74,130121,130122,130124,130126,130128],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,130123,103],{"class":102},[74,130125,107],{"class":106},[74,130127,111],{"class":110},[74,130129,260],{"class":106},[20,130131,130132],{},[332,130133,157],{},[65,130135,130137],{"className":67,"code":130136,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"two comes after one.\n",[15,130138,130139],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,130140,130141,130144],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,130142,130143],{"class":80},"two comes after one",[74,130145,122022],{"class":106},[20,130147,130148,130149,130151],{},"Numbered placeholders work, but for beginners, plain ",[15,130150,3443],{}," is often easier to read unless you need to reuse values.",[60,130153,130155],{"id":130154},"using-named-placeholders","Using named placeholders",[20,130157,130158,130159,114],{},"Named placeholders look like ",[15,130160,130161],{},"{name}",[20,130163,130164,130165,679],{},"You pass matching names into ",[15,130166,125824],{},[65,130168,130170],{"className":67,"code":130169,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"My name is {name} and I live in {city}.\".format(name=\"Ana\", city=\"Lima\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130171,130172,130224],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,130173,130174,130176,130178,130180,130182,130184,130187,130190,130192,130194,130196,130198,130200,130202,130204,130206,130208,130210,130212,130214,130216,130218,130220,130222],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,130175,81],{"class":80},[74,130177,85],{"class":84},[74,130179,89],{"class":88},[74,130181,129528],{"class":92},[74,130183,130161],{"class":167},[74,130185,130186],{"class":92}," and I live in ",[74,130188,130189],{"class":167},"{city}",[74,130191,114],{"class":92},[74,130193,122],{"class":88},[74,130195,114],{"class":106},[74,130197,129544],{"class":110},[74,130199,107],{"class":106},[74,130201,7323],{"class":8831},[74,130203,85],{"class":84},[74,130205,122],{"class":88},[74,130207,12539],{"class":92},[74,130209,122],{"class":88},[74,130211,249],{"class":106},[74,130213,31041],{"class":8831},[74,130215,85],{"class":84},[74,130217,122],{"class":88},[74,130219,15689],{"class":92},[74,130221,122],{"class":88},[74,130223,260],{"class":106},[74,130225,130226,130228,130230,130232],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,130227,103],{"class":102},[74,130229,107],{"class":106},[74,130231,111],{"class":110},[74,130233,260],{"class":106},[20,130235,130236],{},[332,130237,157],{},[65,130239,130241],{"className":67,"code":130240,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"My name is Ana and I live in Lima.\n",[15,130242,130243],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,130244,130245,130247,130249,130252,130254,130257,130259,130262],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,130246,129578],{"class":80},[74,130248,11852],{"class":84},[74,130250,130251],{"class":80}," Ana ",[74,130253,129586],{"class":84},[74,130255,130256],{"class":80}," I live ",[74,130258,351],{"class":84},[74,130260,130261],{"class":80}," Lima",[74,130263,122022],{"class":106},[20,130265,130266],{},"Named placeholders are useful because:",[30,130268,130269,130272,130275],{},[33,130270,130271],{},"they make code easier to read",[33,130273,130274],{},"they help when a string has many values",[33,130276,130277],{},"they reduce confusion about the order",[20,130279,506],{},[65,130281,130283],{"className":67,"code":130282,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"report = \"Student: {student}, Score: {score}\".format(student=\"Noah\", score=95)\nprint(report)\n",[15,130284,130285,130337],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,130286,130287,130290,130292,130294,130297,130300,130303,130306,130308,130310,130312,130314,130316,130318,130320,130323,130325,130327,130330,130332,130335],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,130288,130289],{"class":80},"report ",[74,130291,85],{"class":84},[74,130293,89],{"class":88},[74,130295,130296],{"class":92},"Student: ",[74,130298,130299],{"class":167},"{student}",[74,130301,130302],{"class":92},", Score: ",[74,130304,130305],{"class":167},"{score}",[74,130307,122],{"class":88},[74,130309,114],{"class":106},[74,130311,129544],{"class":110},[74,130313,107],{"class":106},[74,130315,13283],{"class":8831},[74,130317,85],{"class":84},[74,130319,122],{"class":88},[74,130321,130322],{"class":92},"Noah",[74,130324,122],{"class":88},[74,130326,249],{"class":106},[74,130328,130329],{"class":8831}," score",[74,130331,85],{"class":84},[74,130333,130334],{"class":167},"95",[74,130336,260],{"class":106},[74,130338,130339,130341,130343,130345],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,130340,103],{"class":102},[74,130342,107],{"class":106},[74,130344,127534],{"class":110},[74,130346,260],{"class":106},[20,130348,130349],{},[332,130350,157],{},[65,130352,130354],{"className":67,"code":130353,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"Student: Noah, Score: 95\n",[15,130355,130356],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,130357,130358,130361,130363,130366,130368,130371,130373],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,130359,130360],{"class":80},"Student",[74,130362,679],{"class":106},[74,130364,130365],{"class":80}," Noah",[74,130367,249],{"class":106},[74,130369,130370],{"class":80}," Score",[74,130372,679],{"class":106},[74,130374,130375],{"class":167}," 95\n",[20,130377,130378,130379,114],{},"If you need to convert a value to text first, see ",[125,130380,3223,130381,3156],{"href":41830},[15,130382,47336],{},[60,130384,130386],{"id":130385},"formatting-numbers","Formatting numbers",[20,130388,130389,130391],{},[15,130390,125824],{}," can also control how numbers look.",[20,130393,130394,130395,130398],{},"A common example is ",[15,130396,130397],{},":.2f",", which means:",[30,130400,130401,130404],{},[33,130402,130403],{},"show the value as a floating-point number",[33,130405,130406],{},"keep 2 digits after the decimal point",[20,130408,506],{},[65,130410,130412],{"className":67,"code":130411,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"price = 3.5\ntext = \"Price: ${:.2f}\".format(price)\nprint(text)\n",[15,130413,130414,130422,130451],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,130415,130416,130418,130420],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,130417,40044],{"class":80},[74,130419,85],{"class":84},[74,130421,48928],{"class":167},[74,130423,130424,130426,130428,130430,130433,130435,130437,130439,130441,130443,130445,130447,130449],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,130425,81],{"class":80},[74,130427,85],{"class":84},[74,130429,89],{"class":88},[74,130431,130432],{"class":92},"Price: $",[74,130434,8934],{"class":167},[74,130436,130397],{"class":1711},[74,130438,21959],{"class":167},[74,130440,122],{"class":88},[74,130442,114],{"class":106},[74,130444,129544],{"class":110},[74,130446,107],{"class":106},[74,130448,24806],{"class":110},[74,130450,260],{"class":106},[74,130452,130453,130455,130457,130459],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,130454,103],{"class":102},[74,130456,107],{"class":106},[74,130458,111],{"class":110},[74,130460,260],{"class":106},[20,130462,130463],{},[332,130464,157],{},[65,130466,130468],{"className":67,"code":130467,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"Price: $3.50\n",[15,130469,130470],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,130471,130472,130475,130477,130480],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,130473,130474],{"class":80},"Price",[74,130476,679],{"class":106},[74,130478,130479],{"class":37022}," $",[74,130481,130482],{"class":167},"3.50\n",[20,130484,51732],{},[65,130486,130488],{"className":67,"code":130487,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"average = 91.236\nprint(\"Average: {:.2f}\".format(average))\n",[15,130489,130490,130500],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,130491,130492,130495,130497],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,130493,130494],{"class":80},"average ",[74,130496,85],{"class":84},[74,130498,130499],{"class":167}," 91.236\n",[74,130501,130502,130504,130506,130508,130511,130513,130515,130517,130519,130521,130523,130525,130528],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,130503,103],{"class":102},[74,130505,107],{"class":106},[74,130507,122],{"class":88},[74,130509,130510],{"class":92},"Average: ",[74,130512,8934],{"class":167},[74,130514,130397],{"class":1711},[74,130516,21959],{"class":167},[74,130518,122],{"class":88},[74,130520,114],{"class":106},[74,130522,129544],{"class":110},[74,130524,107],{"class":106},[74,130526,130527],{"class":110},"average",[74,130529,130],{"class":106},[20,130531,130532],{},[332,130533,157],{},[65,130535,130537],{"className":67,"code":130536,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"Average: 91.24\n",[15,130538,130539],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,130540,130541,130544,130546],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,130542,130543],{"class":80},"Average",[74,130545,679],{"class":106},[74,130547,130548],{"class":167}," 91.24\n",[20,130550,130551],{},"This is useful for:",[30,130553,130554,130556,130559],{},[33,130555,82721],{},[33,130557,130558],{},"averages",[33,130560,130561],{},"percentages",[20,130563,130564,130565,114],{},"You can print formatted text with the ",[125,130566,3223,130567,1944],{"href":46103},[15,130568,46106],{},[60,130570,305],{"id":304},[20,130572,130573,92157],{},[15,130574,125824],{},[20,130576,130577],{},"That means you can:",[30,130579,130580,130583,130586],{},[33,130581,130582],{},"save it in a variable",[33,130584,130585],{},"print it directly",[33,130587,130588],{},"use it anywhere a string is needed",[20,130590,506],{},[65,130592,130594],{"className":67,"code":130593,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"message = \"Hello, {}!\".format(\"Chris\")\nprint(message)\nprint(type(message))\n",[15,130595,130596,130627,130637],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,130597,130598,130600,130602,130604,130606,130608,130610,130612,130614,130616,130618,130620,130623,130625],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,130599,89644],{"class":80},[74,130601,85],{"class":84},[74,130603,89],{"class":88},[74,130605,44555],{"class":92},[74,130607,3443],{"class":167},[74,130609,89485],{"class":92},[74,130611,122],{"class":88},[74,130613,114],{"class":106},[74,130615,129544],{"class":110},[74,130617,107],{"class":106},[74,130619,122],{"class":88},[74,130621,130622],{"class":92},"Chris",[74,130624,122],{"class":88},[74,130626,260],{"class":106},[74,130628,130629,130631,130633,130635],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,130630,103],{"class":102},[74,130632,107],{"class":106},[74,130634,89661],{"class":110},[74,130636,260],{"class":106},[74,130638,130639,130641,130643,130645,130647,130649],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,130640,103],{"class":102},[74,130642,107],{"class":106},[74,130644,1346],{"class":1345},[74,130646,107],{"class":106},[74,130648,89661],{"class":110},[74,130650,130],{"class":106},[20,130652,130653],{},[332,130654,157],{},[65,130656,130658],{"className":67,"code":130657,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"Hello, Chris!\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,130659,130660,130669],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,130661,130662,130664,130666],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,130663,34524],{"class":80},[74,130665,249],{"class":106},[74,130667,130668],{"class":80}," Chris!\n",[74,130670,130671,130673,130675,130677,130679,130681],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,130672,2935],{"class":84},[74,130674,2938],{"class":1711},[74,130676,2941],{"class":88},[74,130678,3090],{"class":92},[74,130680,2946],{"class":88},[74,130682,2949],{"class":84},[20,130684,130685],{},"The original string is not changed.",[60,130687,130689,130691],{"id":130688},"format-vs-f-strings",[15,130690,125824],{}," vs f-strings",[20,130693,130694,130696],{},[15,130695,125824],{}," is a string method.",[20,130698,130699],{},"Python also has f-strings, which are another way to insert values into strings.",[20,130701,45694,130702,679],{},[15,130703,125824],{},[65,130705,130707],{"className":67,"code":130706,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(\"Hello, {}!\".format(name))\n",[15,130708,130709,130722],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,130710,130711,130713,130715,130717,130720],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,130712,7533],{"class":80},[74,130714,85],{"class":84},[74,130716,89],{"class":88},[74,130718,130719],{"class":92},"Rita",[74,130721,96],{"class":88},[74,130723,130724,130726,130728,130730,130732,130734,130736,130738,130740,130742,130744,130746],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,130725,103],{"class":102},[74,130727,107],{"class":106},[74,130729,122],{"class":88},[74,130731,44555],{"class":92},[74,130733,3443],{"class":167},[74,130735,89485],{"class":92},[74,130737,122],{"class":88},[74,130739,114],{"class":106},[74,130741,129544],{"class":110},[74,130743,107],{"class":106},[74,130745,7323],{"class":110},[74,130747,130],{"class":106},[20,130749,130750],{},"Example with an f-string:",[65,130752,130754],{"className":67,"code":130753,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(f\"Hello, {name}!\")\n",[15,130755,130756,130768],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,130757,130758,130760,130762,130764,130766],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,130759,7533],{"class":80},[74,130761,85],{"class":84},[74,130763,89],{"class":88},[74,130765,130719],{"class":92},[74,130767,96],{"class":88},[74,130769,130770,130772,130774,130776,130778,130780,130782,130784,130787],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,130771,103],{"class":102},[74,130773,107],{"class":106},[74,130775,21950],{"class":1711},[74,130777,43001],{"class":92},[74,130779,8934],{"class":167},[74,130781,7323],{"class":110},[74,130783,21959],{"class":167},[74,130785,130786],{"class":92},"!\"",[74,130788,260],{"class":106},[20,130790,130791],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are shorter and easier to read.",[20,130793,130794,130795,130797,130798,114],{},"This page focuses on how ",[15,130796,125824],{}," works. If you want the bigger picture, read ",[125,130799,89330],{"href":89329},[60,130801,914],{"id":913},[20,130803,130804,130805,114],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when using ",[15,130806,125824],{},[262,130808,130810],{"id":130809},"using-more-placeholders-than-values","Using more placeholders than values",[20,130812,130813],{},"This causes an error because Python cannot fill every placeholder.",[65,130815,130817],{"className":67,"code":130816,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130818,130819,130852],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,130820,130821,130823,130825,130827,130829,130831,130834,130836,130838,130840,130842,130844,130846,130848,130850],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,130822,81],{"class":80},[74,130824,85],{"class":84},[74,130826,89],{"class":88},[74,130828,44555],{"class":92},[74,130830,3443],{"class":167},[74,130832,130833],{"class":167}," {}",[74,130835,89485],{"class":92},[74,130837,122],{"class":88},[74,130839,114],{"class":106},[74,130841,129544],{"class":110},[74,130843,107],{"class":106},[74,130845,122],{"class":88},[74,130847,7332],{"class":92},[74,130849,122],{"class":88},[74,130851,260],{"class":106},[74,130853,130854,130856,130858,130860],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,130855,103],{"class":102},[74,130857,107],{"class":106},[74,130859,111],{"class":110},[74,130861,260],{"class":106},[20,130863,130864],{},"You need to pass enough values for all placeholders.",[20,130866,130867],{},"Fixed version:",[65,130869,130871],{"className":67,"code":130870,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\", \"Lee\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130872,130873,130914],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,130874,130875,130877,130879,130881,130883,130885,130887,130889,130891,130893,130895,130897,130899,130901,130903,130905,130907,130910,130912],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,130876,81],{"class":80},[74,130878,85],{"class":84},[74,130880,89],{"class":88},[74,130882,44555],{"class":92},[74,130884,3443],{"class":167},[74,130886,130833],{"class":167},[74,130888,89485],{"class":92},[74,130890,122],{"class":88},[74,130892,114],{"class":106},[74,130894,129544],{"class":110},[74,130896,107],{"class":106},[74,130898,122],{"class":88},[74,130900,7332],{"class":92},[74,130902,122],{"class":88},[74,130904,249],{"class":106},[74,130906,89],{"class":88},[74,130908,130909],{"class":92},"Lee",[74,130911,122],{"class":88},[74,130913,260],{"class":106},[74,130915,130916,130918,130920,130922],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,130917,103],{"class":102},[74,130919,107],{"class":106},[74,130921,111],{"class":110},[74,130923,260],{"class":106},[262,130925,130927],{"id":130926},"using-the-wrong-placeholder-name","Using the wrong placeholder name",[20,130929,130930,130931,114],{},"The name inside the braces must match the name passed to ",[15,130932,125824],{},[20,130934,130935],{},"Problem:",[65,130937,130939],{"className":67,"code":130938,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(username=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130940,130941,130975],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,130942,130943,130945,130947,130949,130951,130953,130955,130957,130959,130961,130963,130965,130967,130969,130971,130973],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,130944,81],{"class":80},[74,130946,85],{"class":84},[74,130948,89],{"class":88},[74,130950,44555],{"class":92},[74,130952,130161],{"class":167},[74,130954,89485],{"class":92},[74,130956,122],{"class":88},[74,130958,114],{"class":106},[74,130960,129544],{"class":110},[74,130962,107],{"class":106},[74,130964,7642],{"class":8831},[74,130966,85],{"class":84},[74,130968,122],{"class":88},[74,130970,7332],{"class":92},[74,130972,122],{"class":88},[74,130974,260],{"class":106},[74,130976,130977,130979,130981,130983],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,130978,103],{"class":102},[74,130980,107],{"class":106},[74,130982,111],{"class":110},[74,130984,260],{"class":106},[20,130986,130867],{},[65,130988,130990],{"className":67,"code":130989,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(name=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130991,130992,131026],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,130993,130994,130996,130998,131000,131002,131004,131006,131008,131010,131012,131014,131016,131018,131020,131022,131024],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,130995,81],{"class":80},[74,130997,85],{"class":84},[74,130999,89],{"class":88},[74,131001,44555],{"class":92},[74,131003,130161],{"class":167},[74,131005,89485],{"class":92},[74,131007,122],{"class":88},[74,131009,114],{"class":106},[74,131011,129544],{"class":110},[74,131013,107],{"class":106},[74,131015,7323],{"class":8831},[74,131017,85],{"class":84},[74,131019,122],{"class":88},[74,131021,7332],{"class":92},[74,131023,122],{"class":88},[74,131025,260],{"class":106},[74,131027,131028,131030,131032,131034],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,131029,103],{"class":102},[74,131031,107],{"class":106},[74,131033,111],{"class":110},[74,131035,260],{"class":106},[262,131037,923,131039,131041],{"id":131038},"expecting-format-to-change-the-original-string",[15,131040,125824],{}," to change the original string",[20,131043,131044,131046],{},[15,131045,125824],{}," does not modify the original string.",[20,131048,130935],{},[65,131050,131052],{"className":67,"code":131051,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131053,131054,131068,131086],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,131055,131056,131058,131060,131062,131064,131066],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,131057,81],{"class":80},[74,131059,85],{"class":84},[74,131061,89],{"class":88},[74,131063,44555],{"class":92},[74,131065,3443],{"class":167},[74,131067,96],{"class":88},[74,131069,131070,131072,131074,131076,131078,131080,131082,131084],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,131071,111],{"class":80},[74,131073,114],{"class":106},[74,131075,129544],{"class":110},[74,131077,107],{"class":106},[74,131079,122],{"class":88},[74,131081,7332],{"class":92},[74,131083,122],{"class":88},[74,131085,260],{"class":106},[74,131087,131088,131090,131092,131094],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,131089,103],{"class":102},[74,131091,107],{"class":106},[74,131093,111],{"class":110},[74,131095,260],{"class":106},[20,131097,131098],{},[332,131099,157],{},[65,131101,131103],{"className":67,"code":131102,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"Hello, {}\n",[15,131104,131105],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,131106,131107,131109,131111],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,131108,34524],{"class":80},[74,131110,249],{"class":106},[74,131112,9495],{"class":106},[20,131114,130867],{},[65,131116,131118],{"className":67,"code":131117,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext = text.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131119,131120,131134,131156],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,131121,131122,131124,131126,131128,131130,131132],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,131123,81],{"class":80},[74,131125,85],{"class":84},[74,131127,89],{"class":88},[74,131129,44555],{"class":92},[74,131131,3443],{"class":167},[74,131133,96],{"class":88},[74,131135,131136,131138,131140,131142,131144,131146,131148,131150,131152,131154],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,131137,81],{"class":80},[74,131139,85],{"class":84},[74,131141,388],{"class":80},[74,131143,114],{"class":106},[74,131145,129544],{"class":110},[74,131147,107],{"class":106},[74,131149,122],{"class":88},[74,131151,7332],{"class":92},[74,131153,122],{"class":88},[74,131155,260],{"class":106},[74,131157,131158,131160,131162,131164],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,131159,103],{"class":102},[74,131161,107],{"class":106},[74,131163,111],{"class":110},[74,131165,260],{"class":106},[262,131167,4355,131169,131171],{"id":131168},"forgetting-that-format-returns-a-new-string",[15,131170,125824],{}," returns a new string",[20,131173,131174],{},"This is similar to the problem above. Always store the result if you need to use it later.",[262,131176,131178],{"id":131177},"mixing-placeholder-indexes-in-a-confusing-way","Mixing placeholder indexes in a confusing way",[20,131180,131181],{},"Numbered placeholders can be useful, but too much mixing can make the string harder to understand.",[20,131183,131184,131185,131187],{},"Use simple ",[15,131186,3443],{}," or named placeholders when possible.",[20,131189,131190,131191,114],{},"If you are trying to join strings and numbers directly, you may also see ",[125,131192,90043],{"href":90042},[60,131194,67536],{"id":67535},[20,131196,131197],{},"These simple lines can help you test what is happening:",[65,131199,131201],{"className":67,"code":131200,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(text)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(\"Hello {}\".format(\"Sam\"))\nhelp(str.format)\n",[15,131202,131203,131213,131227,131256],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,131204,131205,131207,131209,131211],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,131206,103],{"class":102},[74,131208,107],{"class":106},[74,131210,111],{"class":110},[74,131212,260],{"class":106},[74,131214,131215,131217,131219,131221,131223,131225],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,131216,103],{"class":102},[74,131218,107],{"class":106},[74,131220,1346],{"class":1345},[74,131222,107],{"class":106},[74,131224,246],{"class":110},[74,131226,130],{"class":106},[74,131228,131229,131231,131233,131235,131238,131240,131242,131244,131246,131248,131250,131252,131254],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,131230,103],{"class":102},[74,131232,107],{"class":106},[74,131234,122],{"class":88},[74,131236,131237],{"class":92},"Hello ",[74,131239,3443],{"class":167},[74,131241,122],{"class":88},[74,131243,114],{"class":106},[74,131245,129544],{"class":110},[74,131247,107],{"class":106},[74,131249,122],{"class":88},[74,131251,7332],{"class":92},[74,131253,122],{"class":88},[74,131255,130],{"class":106},[74,131257,131258,131260,131262,131264,131266,131268],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,131259,31809],{"class":102},[74,131261,107],{"class":106},[74,131263,3090],{"class":1345},[74,131265,114],{"class":106},[74,131267,129544],{"class":24406},[74,131269,260],{"class":106},[20,131271,131272],{},"Use them to check:",[30,131274,131275,131278,131281,131284],{},[33,131276,131277],{},"what your string looks like before and after formatting",[33,131279,131280],{},"what type your value has",[33,131282,131283],{},"whether a small test example works",[33,131285,131286,131287],{},"Python’s built-in help for ",[15,131288,131289],{},"str.format",[60,131291,1471],{"id":1470},[262,131293,129325,131295,12374],{"id":131294},"what-does-python-string-format-return",[15,131296,125824],{},[20,131298,131299],{},"It returns a new string with the placeholders replaced.",[262,131301,131303],{"id":131302},"do-i-need-to-use-numbers-inside-the-braces","Do I need to use numbers inside the braces?",[20,131305,131306,131307,131309],{},"No. You can use plain ",[15,131308,3443],{}," for simple cases, or numbered and named placeholders when needed.",[262,131311,131313,131314,2135],{"id":131312},"can-i-format-numbers-with-format","Can I format numbers with ",[15,131315,125824],{},[20,131317,131318,131319,131322],{},"Yes. A common example is ",[15,131320,131321],{},"\"{:.2f}\""," to show 2 decimal places.",[262,131324,1485,131326,131328],{"id":131325},"is-format-better-than-f-strings",[15,131327,125824],{}," better than f-strings?",[20,131330,131331,131332,131334],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are easier to read, but ",[15,131333,125824],{}," is still useful and common.",[60,131336,1527],{"id":1526},[30,131338,131339,131343,131347,131353,131359],{},[33,131340,131341],{},[125,131342,124576],{"href":50627},[33,131344,131345],{},[125,131346,90319],{"href":89329},[33,131348,131349],{},[125,131350,3223,131351,3156],{"href":46103},[15,131352,46106],{},[33,131354,131355],{},[125,131356,3223,131357,3156],{"href":41830},[15,131358,47336],{},[33,131360,131361],{},[125,131362,90043],{"href":90042},[1566,131364,131365],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: 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.sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":70,"searchDepth":99,"depth":99,"links":131367},[131368,131369,131371,131372,131373,131374,131375,131376,131378,131387,131388,131397],{"id":62,"depth":99,"text":63},{"id":129611,"depth":99,"text":131370},"What the format() method does",{"id":226,"depth":99,"text":227},{"id":129892,"depth":99,"text":129893},{"id":130154,"depth":99,"text":130155},{"id":130385,"depth":99,"text":130386},{"id":304,"depth":99,"text":305},{"id":130688,"depth":99,"text":131377},"format() vs f-strings",{"id":913,"depth":99,"text":914,"children":131379},[131380,131381,131382,131384,131386],{"id":130809,"depth":133,"text":130810},{"id":130926,"depth":133,"text":130927},{"id":131038,"depth":133,"text":131383},"Expecting format() to change the original string",{"id":131168,"depth":133,"text":131385},"Forgetting that format() returns a new string",{"id":131177,"depth":133,"text":131178},{"id":67535,"depth":99,"text":67536},{"id":1470,"depth":99,"text":1471,"children":131389},[131390,131392,131393,131395],{"id":131294,"depth":133,"text":131391},"What does Python string format() return?",{"id":131302,"depth":133,"text":131303},{"id":131312,"depth":133,"text":131394},"Can I format numbers with format()?",{"id":131325,"depth":133,"text":131396},"Is format() better than f-strings?",{"id":1526,"depth":99,"text":1527},"Master python string format method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method",{"title":129471,"description":131398},"reference\u002Fpython-string-format-method","3OFzHK3_StgzrEcYSZF3SLkvZkvBMBNZ1KeFd0x5PgM",{"id":131405,"title":131406,"body":131407,"description":132887,"extension":1610,"meta":132888,"navigation":407,"path":132889,"seo":132890,"stem":132891,"__hash__":132892},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method.md","Python String index() Method",{"type":7,"value":131408,"toc":132859},[131409,131414,131419,131424,131426,131488,131495,131501,131506,131508,131524,131526,131597,131599,131613,131616,131666,131668,131670,131697,131700,131715,131718,131759,131762,131807,131814,131863,131865,131873,131875,131893,131895,131988,131996,132037,132042,132049,132055,132062,132065,132069,132170,132172,132194,132198,132251,132254,132257,132263,132270,132272,132311,132313,132331,132341,132348,132431,132434,132441,132448,132455,132459,132467,132513,132517,132526,132591,132596,132601,132612,132614,132619,132646,132648,132751,132754,132774,132776,132781,132784,132788,132792,132799,132808,132814,132817,132823,132825,132827,132856],[10,131410,13,131412,18],{"id":131411},"python-string-index-method",[15,131413,1132],{},[20,131415,22,131416,131418],{},[15,131417,1132],{}," method returns the position of the first match inside a string.",[20,131420,131421,131422,114],{},"Use it when you want to find where a character or substring appears, and you expect that value to be present. If Python cannot find the value, it raises a ",[15,131423,40361],{},[60,131425,63],{"id":62},[65,131427,131429],{"className":67,"code":131428,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.index(\"world\")\nprint(position)\n\n# Output:\n# 6\n",[15,131430,131431,131443,131465,131475,131479,131483],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,131432,131433,131435,131437,131439,131441],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,131434,81],{"class":80},[74,131436,85],{"class":84},[74,131438,89],{"class":88},[74,131440,60054],{"class":92},[74,131442,96],{"class":88},[74,131444,131445,131447,131449,131451,131453,131455,131457,131459,131461,131463],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,131446,64565],{"class":80},[74,131448,85],{"class":84},[74,131450,388],{"class":80},[74,131452,114],{"class":106},[74,131454,35503],{"class":110},[74,131456,107],{"class":106},[74,131458,122],{"class":88},[74,131460,60239],{"class":92},[74,131462,122],{"class":88},[74,131464,260],{"class":106},[74,131466,131467,131469,131471,131473],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,131468,103],{"class":102},[74,131470,107],{"class":106},[74,131472,1150],{"class":110},[74,131474,260],{"class":106},[74,131476,131477],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,131478,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,131480,131481],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,131482,90460],{"class":3314},[74,131484,131485],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,131486,131487],{"class":3314},"# 6\n",[20,131489,176,131490,131492,131493,114],{},[15,131491,1132],{}," when you want the position of a substring and expect it to exist. If the value is missing, Python raises a ",[15,131494,40361],{},[60,131496,3328,131498,38],{"id":131497},"what-strindex-does",[15,131499,131500],{},"str.index()",[20,131502,131503,131505],{},[15,131504,131500],{}," searches a string and gives back the position of the first match.",[20,131507,195],{},[30,131509,131510,131513,131516,131519],{},[33,131511,131512],{},"It returns the position of the first match in a string",[33,131514,131515],{},"It works with a single character or a longer substring",[33,131517,131518],{},"The search is case-sensitive",[33,131520,29949,131521,131523],{},[15,131522,40361],{}," if the substring is not found",[20,131525,506],{},[65,131527,131529],{"className":67,"code":131528,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))     # 1\nprint(text.index(\"na\"))    # 2\n",[15,131530,131531,131543,131547,131572],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,131532,131533,131535,131537,131539,131541],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,131534,81],{"class":80},[74,131536,85],{"class":84},[74,131538,89],{"class":88},[74,131540,93],{"class":92},[74,131542,96],{"class":88},[74,131544,131545],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,131546,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,131548,131549,131551,131553,131555,131557,131559,131561,131563,131565,131567,131569],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,131550,103],{"class":102},[74,131552,107],{"class":106},[74,131554,111],{"class":110},[74,131556,114],{"class":106},[74,131558,35503],{"class":110},[74,131560,107],{"class":106},[74,131562,122],{"class":88},[74,131564,125],{"class":92},[74,131566,122],{"class":88},[74,131568,5011],{"class":106},[74,131570,131571],{"class":3314},"     # 1\n",[74,131573,131574,131576,131578,131580,131582,131584,131586,131588,131590,131592,131594],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,131575,103],{"class":102},[74,131577,107],{"class":106},[74,131579,111],{"class":110},[74,131581,114],{"class":106},[74,131583,35503],{"class":110},[74,131585,107],{"class":106},[74,131587,122],{"class":88},[74,131589,150],{"class":92},[74,131591,122],{"class":88},[74,131593,5011],{"class":106},[74,131595,131596],{"class":3314},"    # 2\n",[20,131598,1821],{},[30,131600,131601,131607],{},[33,131602,131603,128034,131605],{},[15,131604,215],{},[15,131606,2632],{},[33,131608,131609,128034,131611],{},[15,131610,128033],{},[15,131612,687],{},[20,131614,131615],{},"Case sensitivity matters:",[65,131617,131619],{"className":67,"code":131618,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"Hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"H\"))   # 0\n# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[15,131620,131621,131633,131637,131661],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,131622,131623,131625,131627,131629,131631],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,131624,81],{"class":80},[74,131626,85],{"class":84},[74,131628,89],{"class":88},[74,131630,34524],{"class":92},[74,131632,96],{"class":88},[74,131634,131635],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,131636,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,131638,131639,131641,131643,131645,131647,131649,131651,131653,131655,131657,131659],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,131640,103],{"class":102},[74,131642,107],{"class":106},[74,131644,111],{"class":110},[74,131646,114],{"class":106},[74,131648,35503],{"class":110},[74,131650,107],{"class":106},[74,131652,122],{"class":88},[74,131654,50843],{"class":92},[74,131656,122],{"class":88},[74,131658,5011],{"class":106},[74,131660,20423],{"class":3314},[74,131662,131663],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,131664,131665],{"class":3314},"# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[60,131667,227],{"id":226},[20,131669,1802],{},[65,131671,131673],{"className":67,"code":131672,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"string.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,131674,131675],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,131676,131677,131679,131681,131683,131685,131687,131689,131691,131693,131695],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,131678,237],{"class":80},[74,131680,114],{"class":106},[74,131682,35503],{"class":110},[74,131684,107],{"class":106},[74,131686,246],{"class":110},[74,131688,249],{"class":106},[74,131690,252],{"class":110},[74,131692,249],{"class":106},[74,131694,257],{"class":110},[74,131696,260],{"class":106},[20,131698,131699],{},"Parameters:",[30,131701,131702,131706,131710],{},[33,131703,131704,272],{},[15,131705,246],{},[33,131707,131708,128080],{},[15,131709,50],{},[33,131711,131712,131714],{},[15,131713,54],{},": optional stopping position",[20,131716,131717],{},"You can use just the value:",[65,131719,131721],{"className":67,"code":131720,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"python\"\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,131722,131723,131735],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,131724,131725,131727,131729,131731,131733],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,131726,81],{"class":80},[74,131728,85],{"class":84},[74,131730,89],{"class":88},[74,131732,69],{"class":92},[74,131734,96],{"class":88},[74,131736,131737,131739,131741,131743,131745,131747,131749,131751,131753,131755,131757],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,131738,103],{"class":102},[74,131740,107],{"class":106},[74,131742,111],{"class":110},[74,131744,114],{"class":106},[74,131746,35503],{"class":110},[74,131748,107],{"class":106},[74,131750,122],{"class":88},[74,131752,62934],{"class":92},[74,131754,122],{"class":88},[74,131756,5011],{"class":106},[74,131758,51067],{"class":3314},[20,131760,131761],{},"Or include a start position:",[65,131763,131765],{"className":67,"code":131764,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))  # 3\n",[15,131766,131767,131779],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,131768,131769,131771,131773,131775,131777],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,131770,81],{"class":80},[74,131772,85],{"class":84},[74,131774,89],{"class":88},[74,131776,93],{"class":92},[74,131778,96],{"class":88},[74,131780,131781,131783,131785,131787,131789,131791,131793,131795,131797,131799,131801,131803,131805],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,131782,103],{"class":102},[74,131784,107],{"class":106},[74,131786,111],{"class":110},[74,131788,114],{"class":106},[74,131790,35503],{"class":110},[74,131792,107],{"class":106},[74,131794,122],{"class":88},[74,131796,125],{"class":92},[74,131798,122],{"class":88},[74,131800,249],{"class":106},[74,131802,620],{"class":167},[74,131804,5011],{"class":106},[74,131806,50422],{"class":3314},[20,131808,131809,131810,51,131812,679],{},"Or include both ",[15,131811,50],{},[15,131813,54],{},[65,131815,131817],{"className":67,"code":131816,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2, 5))  # 3\n",[15,131818,131819,131831],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,131820,131821,131823,131825,131827,131829],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,131822,81],{"class":80},[74,131824,85],{"class":84},[74,131826,89],{"class":88},[74,131828,93],{"class":92},[74,131830,96],{"class":88},[74,131832,131833,131835,131837,131839,131841,131843,131845,131847,131849,131851,131853,131855,131857,131859,131861],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,131834,103],{"class":102},[74,131836,107],{"class":106},[74,131838,111],{"class":110},[74,131840,114],{"class":106},[74,131842,35503],{"class":110},[74,131844,107],{"class":106},[74,131846,122],{"class":88},[74,131848,125],{"class":92},[74,131850,122],{"class":88},[74,131852,249],{"class":106},[74,131854,620],{"class":167},[74,131856,249],{"class":106},[74,131858,651],{"class":167},[74,131860,5011],{"class":106},[74,131862,50422],{"class":3314},[60,131864,37676],{"id":37675},[20,131866,28363,131867,131869,131870,114],{},[15,131868,1132],{}," is a ",[332,131871,131872],{},"zero-based index",[20,131874,776],{},[30,131876,131877,131883,131888],{},[33,131878,131879,131880,131882],{},"Index ",[15,131881,327],{}," is the first character",[33,131884,131879,131885,131887],{},[15,131886,2632],{}," is the second character",[33,131889,131879,131890,131892],{},[15,131891,687],{}," is the third character",[20,131894,506],{},[65,131896,131898],{"className":67,"code":131897,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"cat\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"c\"))  # 0\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,131899,131900,131912,131916,131940,131964],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,131901,131902,131904,131906,131908,131910],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,131903,81],{"class":80},[74,131905,85],{"class":84},[74,131907,89],{"class":88},[74,131909,486],{"class":92},[74,131911,96],{"class":88},[74,131913,131914],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,131915,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,131917,131918,131920,131922,131924,131926,131928,131930,131932,131934,131936,131938],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,131919,103],{"class":102},[74,131921,107],{"class":106},[74,131923,111],{"class":110},[74,131925,114],{"class":106},[74,131927,35503],{"class":110},[74,131929,107],{"class":106},[74,131931,122],{"class":88},[74,131933,9396],{"class":92},[74,131935,122],{"class":88},[74,131937,5011],{"class":106},[74,131939,50899],{"class":3314},[74,131941,131942,131944,131946,131948,131950,131952,131954,131956,131958,131960,131962],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,131943,103],{"class":102},[74,131945,107],{"class":106},[74,131947,111],{"class":110},[74,131949,114],{"class":106},[74,131951,35503],{"class":110},[74,131953,107],{"class":106},[74,131955,122],{"class":88},[74,131957,125],{"class":92},[74,131959,122],{"class":88},[74,131961,5011],{"class":106},[74,131963,27434],{"class":3314},[74,131965,131966,131968,131970,131972,131974,131976,131978,131980,131982,131984,131986],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,131967,103],{"class":102},[74,131969,107],{"class":106},[74,131971,111],{"class":110},[74,131973,114],{"class":106},[74,131975,35503],{"class":110},[74,131977,107],{"class":106},[74,131979,122],{"class":88},[74,131981,62934],{"class":92},[74,131983,122],{"class":88},[74,131985,5011],{"class":106},[74,131987,51067],{"class":3314},[20,131989,131990,131992,131993,131995],{},[15,131991,1132],{}," returns only the ",[332,131994,29564],{}," matching position.",[65,131997,131999],{"className":67,"code":131998,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\n",[15,132000,132001,132013],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,132002,132003,132005,132007,132009,132011],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,132004,81],{"class":80},[74,132006,85],{"class":84},[74,132008,89],{"class":88},[74,132010,93],{"class":92},[74,132012,96],{"class":88},[74,132014,132015,132017,132019,132021,132023,132025,132027,132029,132031,132033,132035],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,132016,103],{"class":102},[74,132018,107],{"class":106},[74,132020,111],{"class":110},[74,132022,114],{"class":106},[74,132024,35503],{"class":110},[74,132026,107],{"class":106},[74,132028,122],{"class":88},[74,132030,125],{"class":92},[74,132032,122],{"class":88},[74,132034,5011],{"class":106},[74,132036,27434],{"class":3314},[20,132038,20633,132039,132041],{},[15,132040,215],{}," appears more than once, the method returns only the first match.",[20,132043,132044,132045,114],{},"If you need to count matches instead, see the ",[125,132046,132047,10399],{"href":1612},[15,132048,58240],{},[60,132050,571,132051,51,132053],{"id":570},[15,132052,50],{},[15,132054,54],{},[20,132056,1627,132057,51,132059,132061],{},[15,132058,50],{},[15,132060,54],{}," arguments let you search only part of the string.",[20,132063,132064],{},"This is useful when the same text appears more than once.",[20,132066,45694,132067,679],{},[15,132068,50],{},[65,132070,132072],{"className":67,"code":132071,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))      # 1\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))   # 3\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 4))   # 5\n",[15,132073,132074,132086,132090,132114,132142],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,132075,132076,132078,132080,132082,132084],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,132077,81],{"class":80},[74,132079,85],{"class":84},[74,132081,89],{"class":88},[74,132083,93],{"class":92},[74,132085,96],{"class":88},[74,132087,132088],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,132089,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,132091,132092,132094,132096,132098,132100,132102,132104,132106,132108,132110,132112],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,132093,103],{"class":102},[74,132095,107],{"class":106},[74,132097,111],{"class":110},[74,132099,114],{"class":106},[74,132101,35503],{"class":110},[74,132103,107],{"class":106},[74,132105,122],{"class":88},[74,132107,125],{"class":92},[74,132109,122],{"class":88},[74,132111,5011],{"class":106},[74,132113,50772],{"class":3314},[74,132115,132116,132118,132120,132122,132124,132126,132128,132130,132132,132134,132136,132138,132140],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,132117,103],{"class":102},[74,132119,107],{"class":106},[74,132121,111],{"class":110},[74,132123,114],{"class":106},[74,132125,35503],{"class":110},[74,132127,107],{"class":106},[74,132129,122],{"class":88},[74,132131,125],{"class":92},[74,132133,122],{"class":88},[74,132135,249],{"class":106},[74,132137,620],{"class":167},[74,132139,5011],{"class":106},[74,132141,50621],{"class":3314},[74,132143,132144,132146,132148,132150,132152,132154,132156,132158,132160,132162,132164,132166,132168],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,132145,103],{"class":102},[74,132147,107],{"class":106},[74,132149,111],{"class":110},[74,132151,114],{"class":106},[74,132153,35503],{"class":110},[74,132155,107],{"class":106},[74,132157,122],{"class":88},[74,132159,125],{"class":92},[74,132161,122],{"class":88},[74,132163,249],{"class":106},[74,132165,2100],{"class":167},[74,132167,5011],{"class":106},[74,132169,50405],{"class":3314},[20,132171,19612],{},[30,132173,132174,132181,132187],{},[33,132175,132176,132177,65238,132179],{},"The first search finds the first ",[15,132178,215],{},[15,132180,2632],{},[33,132182,132183,132184,132186],{},"Starting at index ",[15,132185,687],{}," skips that first match",[33,132188,132183,132189,132191,132192],{},[15,132190,2148],{}," finds the last ",[15,132193,215],{},[20,132195,45694,132196,679],{},[15,132197,54],{},[65,132199,132201],{"className":67,"code":132200,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"n\", 0, 4))  # 2\n",[15,132202,132203,132215,132219],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,132204,132205,132207,132209,132211,132213],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,132206,81],{"class":80},[74,132208,85],{"class":84},[74,132210,89],{"class":88},[74,132212,93],{"class":92},[74,132214,96],{"class":88},[74,132216,132217],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,132218,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,132220,132221,132223,132225,132227,132229,132231,132233,132235,132237,132239,132241,132243,132245,132247,132249],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,132222,103],{"class":102},[74,132224,107],{"class":106},[74,132226,111],{"class":110},[74,132228,114],{"class":106},[74,132230,35503],{"class":110},[74,132232,107],{"class":106},[74,132234,122],{"class":88},[74,132236,75668],{"class":92},[74,132238,122],{"class":88},[74,132240,249],{"class":106},[74,132242,3485],{"class":167},[74,132244,249],{"class":106},[74,132246,2100],{"class":167},[74,132248,5011],{"class":106},[74,132250,51067],{"class":3314},[20,132252,132253],{},"This searches only within part of the string.",[20,132255,132256],{},"One important detail: the returned index still refers to the original string, not a smaller temporary section.",[60,132258,43867,132260,132262],{"id":132259},"when-index-causes-an-error",[15,132261,1132],{}," causes an error",[20,132264,132265,132266,52147,132268,114],{},"If the substring is not found, ",[15,132267,1132],{},[15,132269,40361],{},[20,132271,506],{},[65,132273,132275],{"className":67,"code":132274,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"z\"))\n",[15,132276,132277,132289],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,132278,132279,132281,132283,132285,132287],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,132280,81],{"class":80},[74,132282,85],{"class":84},[74,132284,89],{"class":88},[74,132286,3497],{"class":92},[74,132288,96],{"class":88},[74,132290,132291,132293,132295,132297,132299,132301,132303,132305,132307,132309],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,132292,103],{"class":102},[74,132294,107],{"class":106},[74,132296,111],{"class":110},[74,132298,114],{"class":106},[74,132300,35503],{"class":110},[74,132302,107],{"class":106},[74,132304,122],{"class":88},[74,132306,21733],{"class":92},[74,132308,122],{"class":88},[74,132310,130],{"class":106},[20,132312,157],{},[65,132314,132316],{"className":67,"code":132315,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"ValueError: substring not found\n",[15,132317,132318],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,132319,132320,132322,132324,132327,132329],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,132321,40361],{"class":1345},[74,132323,679],{"class":106},[74,132325,132326],{"class":80}," substring ",[74,132328,334],{"class":84},[74,132330,65471],{"class":80},[20,132332,52993,132333,125787,132338,132340],{},[125,132334,132335],{"href":129465},[15,132336,132337],{},"str.find()",[15,132339,65496],{}," instead of raising an error.",[20,132342,132343,132344,51,132346,679],{},"If the value may not exist, use ",[15,132345,29459],{},[15,132347,29490],{},[65,132349,132351],{"className":67,"code":132350,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"hello\"\n\ntry:\n    position = text.index(\"z\")\n    print(position)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Substring not found\")\n",[15,132352,132353,132365,132369,132375,132398,132408,132416],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,132354,132355,132357,132359,132361,132363],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,132356,81],{"class":80},[74,132358,85],{"class":84},[74,132360,89],{"class":88},[74,132362,3497],{"class":92},[74,132364,96],{"class":88},[74,132366,132367],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,132368,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,132370,132371,132373],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,132372,29459],{"class":3529},[74,132374,6046],{"class":106},[74,132376,132377,132380,132382,132384,132386,132388,132390,132392,132394,132396],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,132378,132379],{"class":80},"    position ",[74,132381,85],{"class":84},[74,132383,388],{"class":80},[74,132385,114],{"class":106},[74,132387,35503],{"class":110},[74,132389,107],{"class":106},[74,132391,122],{"class":88},[74,132393,21733],{"class":92},[74,132395,122],{"class":88},[74,132397,260],{"class":106},[74,132399,132400,132402,132404,132406],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,132401,7726],{"class":102},[74,132403,107],{"class":106},[74,132405,1150],{"class":110},[74,132407,260],{"class":106},[74,132409,132410,132412,132414],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,132411,29490],{"class":3529},[74,132413,41581],{"class":1345},[74,132415,6046],{"class":106},[74,132417,132418,132420,132422,132424,132427,132429],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,132419,7726],{"class":102},[74,132421,107],{"class":106},[74,132423,122],{"class":88},[74,132425,132426],{"class":92},"Substring not found",[74,132428,122],{"class":88},[74,132430,260],{"class":106},[20,132432,132433],{},"This helps your program continue running.",[20,132435,41601,132436,114],{},[125,132437,25336,132439],{"href":132438},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix",[15,132440,128792],{},[60,132442,132444,10243,132446],{"id":132443},"index-vs-find",[15,132445,1132],{},[15,132447,1129],{},[20,132449,132450,51,132452,132454],{},[15,132451,1132],{},[15,132453,1129],{}," are very similar, but they behave differently when no match is found.",[262,132456,132457],{"id":35503},[15,132458,1132],{},[30,132460,132461,132464],{},[33,132462,132463],{},"Returns the first match position",[33,132465,132466],{},"Raises an error if nothing is found",[65,132468,132470],{"className":67,"code":132469,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"e\"))  # 1\n# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,132471,132472,132484,132508],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,132473,132474,132476,132478,132480,132482],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,132475,81],{"class":80},[74,132477,85],{"class":84},[74,132479,89],{"class":88},[74,132481,3497],{"class":92},[74,132483,96],{"class":88},[74,132485,132486,132488,132490,132492,132494,132496,132498,132500,132502,132504,132506],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,132487,103],{"class":102},[74,132489,107],{"class":106},[74,132491,111],{"class":110},[74,132493,114],{"class":106},[74,132495,35503],{"class":110},[74,132497,107],{"class":106},[74,132499,122],{"class":88},[74,132501,60095],{"class":92},[74,132503,122],{"class":88},[74,132505,5011],{"class":106},[74,132507,27434],{"class":3314},[74,132509,132510],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,132511,132512],{"class":3314},"# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[262,132514,132515],{"id":127846},[15,132516,1129],{},[30,132518,132519,132521],{},[33,132520,132463],{},[33,132522,11082,132523,132525],{},[15,132524,65496],{}," if nothing is found",[65,132527,132529],{"className":67,"code":132528,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.find(\"e\"))  # 1\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))  # -1\n",[15,132530,132531,132543,132567],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,132532,132533,132535,132537,132539,132541],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,132534,81],{"class":80},[74,132536,85],{"class":84},[74,132538,89],{"class":88},[74,132540,3497],{"class":92},[74,132542,96],{"class":88},[74,132544,132545,132547,132549,132551,132553,132555,132557,132559,132561,132563,132565],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,132546,103],{"class":102},[74,132548,107],{"class":106},[74,132550,111],{"class":110},[74,132552,114],{"class":106},[74,132554,127846],{"class":110},[74,132556,107],{"class":106},[74,132558,122],{"class":88},[74,132560,60095],{"class":92},[74,132562,122],{"class":88},[74,132564,5011],{"class":106},[74,132566,27434],{"class":3314},[74,132568,132569,132571,132573,132575,132577,132579,132581,132583,132585,132587,132589],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,132570,103],{"class":102},[74,132572,107],{"class":106},[74,132574,111],{"class":110},[74,132576,114],{"class":106},[74,132578,127846],{"class":110},[74,132580,107],{"class":106},[74,132582,122],{"class":88},[74,132584,21733],{"class":92},[74,132586,122],{"class":88},[74,132588,5011],{"class":106},[74,132590,128202],{"class":3314},[20,132592,176,132593,132595],{},[15,132594,1132],{}," when missing data should be treated as a problem.",[20,132597,176,132598,132600],{},[15,132599,1129],{}," when you want to check safely without an exception.",[20,132602,132603,132604,339,132609,114],{},"For a full comparison, see the ",[125,132605,132606,132608],{"href":129465},[15,132607,132337],{}," method reference",[125,132610,126857],{"href":132611},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python",[60,132613,914],{"id":913},[20,132615,132616,132617,679],{},"Beginners often run into these problems when using ",[15,132618,1132],{},[30,132620,132621,132624,132631,132636,132641],{},[33,132622,132623],{},"Searching for text with the wrong uppercase or lowercase letters",[33,132625,923,132626,8113,132628,132630],{},[15,132627,1132],{},[15,132629,65496],{}," when no match exists",[33,132632,571,132633,132635],{},[15,132634,1132],{}," on a value that may not be present",[33,132637,132638,132639],{},"Confusing character position with human counting starting at ",[15,132640,2632],{},[33,132642,4231,132643,132645],{},[15,132644,1132],{}," returns every match instead of the first one",[20,132647,61942],{},[65,132649,132651],{"className":67,"code":132650,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.index(\"value\"))\nprint(text.find(\"value\"))\nprint(text.index(\"value\", start, end))\n",[15,132652,132653,132663,132677,132699,132721],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,132654,132655,132657,132659,132661],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,132656,103],{"class":102},[74,132658,107],{"class":106},[74,132660,111],{"class":110},[74,132662,260],{"class":106},[74,132664,132665,132667,132669,132671,132673,132675],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,132666,103],{"class":102},[74,132668,107],{"class":106},[74,132670,41434],{"class":102},[74,132672,107],{"class":106},[74,132674,111],{"class":110},[74,132676,130],{"class":106},[74,132678,132679,132681,132683,132685,132687,132689,132691,132693,132695,132697],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,132680,103],{"class":102},[74,132682,107],{"class":106},[74,132684,111],{"class":110},[74,132686,114],{"class":106},[74,132688,35503],{"class":110},[74,132690,107],{"class":106},[74,132692,122],{"class":88},[74,132694,246],{"class":92},[74,132696,122],{"class":88},[74,132698,130],{"class":106},[74,132700,132701,132703,132705,132707,132709,132711,132713,132715,132717,132719],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,132702,103],{"class":102},[74,132704,107],{"class":106},[74,132706,111],{"class":110},[74,132708,114],{"class":106},[74,132710,127846],{"class":110},[74,132712,107],{"class":106},[74,132714,122],{"class":88},[74,132716,246],{"class":92},[74,132718,122],{"class":88},[74,132720,130],{"class":106},[74,132722,132723,132725,132727,132729,132731,132733,132735,132737,132739,132741,132743,132745,132747,132749],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,132724,103],{"class":102},[74,132726,107],{"class":106},[74,132728,111],{"class":110},[74,132730,114],{"class":106},[74,132732,35503],{"class":110},[74,132734,107],{"class":106},[74,132736,122],{"class":88},[74,132738,246],{"class":92},[74,132740,122],{"class":88},[74,132742,249],{"class":106},[74,132744,252],{"class":110},[74,132746,249],{"class":106},[74,132748,257],{"class":110},[74,132750,130],{"class":106},[20,132752,132753],{},"Tips:",[30,132755,132756,132761,132766,132769],{},[33,132757,176,132758,132760],{},[15,132759,125743],{}," to spot spaces or hidden characters",[33,132762,176,132763,132765],{},[15,132764,1129],{}," if you want to test first without raising an error",[33,132767,132768],{},"Double-check uppercase and lowercase letters",[33,132770,132771,132772],{},"Remember that Python starts counting at ",[15,132773,327],{},[60,132775,1471],{"id":1470},[262,132777,129325,132779,12374],{"id":132778},"what-does-python-string-index-return",[15,132780,1132],{},[20,132782,132783],{},"It returns the zero-based position of the first match in the string.",[262,132785,132787],{"id":132786},"what-happens-if-the-substring-is-not-found","What happens if the substring is not found?",[20,132789,76495,132790,114],{},[15,132791,40361],{},[262,132793,4828,132795,51,132797,2135],{"id":132794},"what-is-the-difference-between-index-and-find",[15,132796,1132],{},[15,132798,1129],{},[20,132800,132801,132803,132804,2039,132806,6284],{},[15,132802,1132],{}," raises an error if nothing is found. ",[15,132805,1129],{},[15,132807,65496],{},[262,132809,1507,132811,132813],{"id":132810},"can-index-search-for-more-than-one-character",[15,132812,1132],{}," search for more than one character?",[20,132815,132816],{},"Yes. It can search for a substring, not just a single character.",[262,132818,132820,132821,1488],{"id":132819},"is-string-index-case-sensitive","Is string ",[15,132822,1132],{},[20,132824,129350],{},[60,132826,1527],{"id":1526},[30,132828,132829,132835,132839,132844,132850],{},[33,132830,132831],{},[125,132832,132833,10399],{"href":129465},[15,132834,132337],{},[33,132836,132837],{},[125,132838,1557],{"href":132611},[33,132840,132841],{},[125,132842,129426],{"href":132843},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python",[33,132845,132846],{},[125,132847,132848,10399],{"href":1612},[15,132849,58240],{},[33,132851,132852],{},[125,132853,30003,132854],{"href":132438},[15,132855,128792],{},[1566,132857,132858],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":70,"searchDepth":99,"depth":99,"links":132860},[132861,132862,132864,132865,132866,132867,132869,132874,132875,132886],{"id":62,"depth":99,"text":63},{"id":131497,"depth":99,"text":132863},"What str.index() does",{"id":226,"depth":99,"text":227},{"id":37675,"depth":99,"text":37676},{"id":570,"depth":99,"text":1581},{"id":132259,"depth":99,"text":132868},"When index() causes an error",{"id":132443,"depth":99,"text":132870,"children":132871},"index() vs find()",[132872,132873],{"id":35503,"depth":133,"text":1132},{"id":127846,"depth":133,"text":1129},{"id":913,"depth":99,"text":914},{"id":1470,"depth":99,"text":1471,"children":132876},[132877,132879,132880,132882,132884],{"id":132778,"depth":133,"text":132878},"What does Python string index() return?",{"id":132786,"depth":133,"text":132787},{"id":132794,"depth":133,"text":132881},"What is the difference between index() and find()?",{"id":132810,"depth":133,"text":132883},"Can index() search for more than one character?",{"id":132819,"depth":133,"text":132885},"Is string index() case-sensitive?",{"id":1526,"depth":99,"text":1527},"Master python string index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method",{"title":131406,"description":132887},"reference\u002Fpython-string-index-method","R1ztM7XUbXLB6x68q72-dPTbtnrYXmbHumYw459ZPYA",{"id":132894,"title":132895,"body":132896,"description":135671,"extension":1610,"meta":135672,"navigation":407,"path":135673,"seo":135674,"stem":135675,"__hash__":135676},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method.md","Python String join() Method",{"type":7,"value":132897,"toc":135607},[132898,132904,132909,132912,132915,132926,132928,132997,132999,133013,133018,133023,133028,133030,133073,133075,133158,133160,133206,133212,133214,133216,133236,133238,133261,133263,133337,133339,133358,133363,133365,133369,133441,133443,133457,133461,133537,133539,133558,133562,133656,133658,133667,133674,133750,133752,133770,133774,133777,133784,133833,133835,133844,133851,133910,133912,133930,133933,133940,133999,134001,134019,134026,134083,134085,134094,134098,134103,134107,134166,134168,134186,134190,134237,134242,134245,134314,134316,134333,134340,134346,134401,134406,134409,134486,134488,134506,134512,134518,134578,134580,134599,134605,134608,134615,134668,134673,134675,134736,134745,134752,134754,134811,134816,134818,134889,134893,134948,134950,134959,134964,134970,135039,135041,135073,135079,135087,135094,135100,135165,135167,135176,135182,135263,135265,135274,135279,135293,135300,135304,135309,135337,135339,135472,135475,135512,135514,135520,135529,135534,135537,135542,135547,135553,135556,135565,135568,135570,135599,135604],[10,132899,13,132901,18],{"id":132900},"python-string-join-method",[15,132902,132903],{},"join()",[20,132905,22,132906,132908],{},[15,132907,132903],{}," method combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,132910,132911],{},"It is useful when you have a list or tuple of text values and want to join them with a separator such as a space, comma, dash, or nothing at all.",[20,132913,132914],{},"A key rule to remember is this:",[30,132916,132917,132923],{},[33,132918,132919,132920,132922],{},"You call ",[15,132921,132903],{}," on the separator string",[33,132924,132925],{},"Every item you join must already be a string",[60,132927,3256],{"id":3255},[65,132929,132931],{"className":67,"code":132930,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\nprint(result)\n",[15,132932,132933,132966,132987],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,132934,132935,132937,132939,132941,132943,132945,132947,132949,132951,132953,132955,132957,132959,132962,132964],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,132936,3722],{"class":80},[74,132938,85],{"class":84},[74,132940,3271],{"class":106},[74,132942,122],{"class":88},[74,132944,6951],{"class":92},[74,132946,122],{"class":88},[74,132948,249],{"class":106},[74,132950,89],{"class":88},[74,132952,11852],{"class":92},[74,132954,122],{"class":88},[74,132956,249],{"class":106},[74,132958,89],{"class":88},[74,132960,132961],{"class":92},"fun",[74,132963,122],{"class":88},[74,132965,3284],{"class":106},[74,132967,132968,132970,132972,132974,132976,132978,132981,132983,132985],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,132969,383],{"class":80},[74,132971,85],{"class":84},[74,132973,89],{"class":88},[74,132975,89],{"class":88},[74,132977,114],{"class":106},[74,132979,132980],{"class":110},"join",[74,132982,107],{"class":106},[74,132984,3764],{"class":110},[74,132986,260],{"class":106},[74,132988,132989,132991,132993,132995],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,132990,103],{"class":102},[74,132992,107],{"class":106},[74,132994,418],{"class":110},[74,132996,260],{"class":106},[20,132998,157],{},[65,133000,133002],{"className":67,"code":133001,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"Python is fun\n",[15,133003,133004],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,133005,133006,133008,133010],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,133007,3223],{"class":80},[74,133009,11852],{"class":84},[74,133011,133012],{"class":80}," fun\n",[20,133014,176,133015,133017],{},[15,133016,132903],{}," on the separator string. Every item in the iterable must be a string.",[60,133019,3328,133021,38],{"id":133020},"what-join-does",[15,133022,132903],{},[20,133024,133025,133027],{},[15,133026,132903],{}," combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,133029,11117],{},[30,133031,133032,133039,133067,133070],{},[33,133033,133034,133035,133038],{},"It uses the string before ",[15,133036,133037],{},".join()"," as the separator",[33,133040,133041,133042],{},"Common separators are:\n",[30,133043,133044,133050,133056,133062],{},[33,133045,133046,133049],{},[15,133047,133048],{},"\" \""," for spaces",[33,133051,133052,133055],{},[15,133053,133054],{},"\", \""," for commas",[33,133057,133058,133061],{},[15,133059,133060],{},"\"-\""," for dashes",[33,133063,133064,133066],{},[15,133065,5924],{}," for no separator",[33,133068,133069],{},"It returns a new string",[33,133071,133072],{},"It does not change the original list or tuple",[20,133074,506],{},[65,133076,133078],{"className":67,"code":133077,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"words = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nresult = \", \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(words)\n",[15,133079,133080,133112,133134,133138,133148],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,133081,133082,133084,133086,133088,133090,133092,133094,133096,133098,133100,133102,133104,133106,133108,133110],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,133083,3722],{"class":80},[74,133085,85],{"class":84},[74,133087,3271],{"class":106},[74,133089,122],{"class":88},[74,133091,12749],{"class":92},[74,133093,122],{"class":88},[74,133095,249],{"class":106},[74,133097,89],{"class":88},[74,133099,17110],{"class":92},[74,133101,122],{"class":88},[74,133103,249],{"class":106},[74,133105,89],{"class":88},[74,133107,12766],{"class":92},[74,133109,122],{"class":88},[74,133111,3284],{"class":106},[74,133113,133114,133116,133118,133120,133122,133124,133126,133128,133130,133132],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,133115,383],{"class":80},[74,133117,85],{"class":84},[74,133119,89],{"class":88},[74,133121,220],{"class":92},[74,133123,122],{"class":88},[74,133125,114],{"class":106},[74,133127,132980],{"class":110},[74,133129,107],{"class":106},[74,133131,3764],{"class":110},[74,133133,260],{"class":106},[74,133135,133136],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,133137,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,133139,133140,133142,133144,133146],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,133141,103],{"class":102},[74,133143,107],{"class":106},[74,133145,418],{"class":110},[74,133147,260],{"class":106},[74,133149,133150,133152,133154,133156],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,133151,103],{"class":102},[74,133153,107],{"class":106},[74,133155,3764],{"class":110},[74,133157,260],{"class":106},[20,133159,157],{},[65,133161,133163],{"className":67,"code":133162,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"red, green, blue\n['red', 'green', 'blue']\n",[15,133164,133165,133178],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,133166,133167,133169,133171,133174,133176],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,133168,12749],{"class":80},[74,133170,249],{"class":106},[74,133172,133173],{"class":80}," green",[74,133175,249],{"class":106},[74,133177,35538],{"class":80},[74,133179,133180,133182,133184,133186,133188,133190,133192,133194,133196,133198,133200,133202,133204],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,133181,742],{"class":106},[74,133183,2946],{"class":88},[74,133185,12749],{"class":92},[74,133187,2946],{"class":88},[74,133189,249],{"class":106},[74,133191,2941],{"class":88},[74,133193,17110],{"class":92},[74,133195,2946],{"class":88},[74,133197,249],{"class":106},[74,133199,2941],{"class":88},[74,133201,12766],{"class":92},[74,133203,2946],{"class":88},[74,133205,3284],{"class":106},[20,133207,133208,133209,133211],{},"The list stays the same. ",[15,133210,132903],{}," creates a new string.",[60,133213,227],{"id":226},[20,133215,6872],{},[65,133217,133219],{"className":67,"code":133218,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"separator.join(iterable)\n",[15,133220,133221],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,133222,133223,133226,133228,133230,133232,133234],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,133224,133225],{"class":80},"separator",[74,133227,114],{"class":106},[74,133229,132980],{"class":110},[74,133231,107],{"class":106},[74,133233,3371],{"class":110},[74,133235,260],{"class":106},[262,133237,48662],{"id":48661},[30,133239,133240,133253,133258],{},[33,133241,133242,133244,133245,220,133247,220,133249,1835,133251],{},[15,133243,133225],{}," is a string such as ",[15,133246,133048],{},[15,133248,133054],{},[15,133250,133060],{},[15,133252,5924],{},[33,133254,133255,133257],{},[15,133256,3371],{}," is usually a list or tuple of strings",[33,133259,133260],{},"All items in the iterable must be strings",[20,133262,506],{},[65,133264,133266],{"className":67,"code":133265,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nresult = \" | \".join(names)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133267,133268,133300,133323,133327],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,133269,133270,133272,133274,133276,133278,133280,133282,133284,133286,133288,133290,133292,133294,133296,133298],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,133271,4646],{"class":80},[74,133273,85],{"class":84},[74,133275,3271],{"class":106},[74,133277,122],{"class":88},[74,133279,12539],{"class":92},[74,133281,122],{"class":88},[74,133283,249],{"class":106},[74,133285,89],{"class":88},[74,133287,35598],{"class":92},[74,133289,122],{"class":88},[74,133291,249],{"class":106},[74,133293,89],{"class":88},[74,133295,35607],{"class":92},[74,133297,122],{"class":88},[74,133299,3284],{"class":106},[74,133301,133302,133304,133306,133308,133311,133313,133315,133317,133319,133321],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,133303,383],{"class":80},[74,133305,85],{"class":84},[74,133307,89],{"class":88},[74,133309,133310],{"class":92}," | ",[74,133312,122],{"class":88},[74,133314,114],{"class":106},[74,133316,132980],{"class":110},[74,133318,107],{"class":106},[74,133320,4690],{"class":110},[74,133322,260],{"class":106},[74,133324,133325],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,133326,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,133328,133329,133331,133333,133335],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,133330,103],{"class":102},[74,133332,107],{"class":106},[74,133334,418],{"class":110},[74,133336,260],{"class":106},[20,133338,157],{},[65,133340,133342],{"className":67,"code":133341,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"Ana | Ben | Cara\n",[15,133343,133344],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,133345,133346,133349,133351,133354,133356],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,133347,133348],{"class":80},"Ana ",[74,133350,113497],{"class":84},[74,133352,133353],{"class":80}," Ben ",[74,133355,113497],{"class":84},[74,133357,35679],{"class":80},[20,133359,133360,133361,114],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with strings, see ",[125,133362,124576],{"href":50627},[60,133364,121521],{"id":121520},[262,133366,133368],{"id":133367},"join-words-with-a-space","Join words with a space",[65,133370,133372],{"className":67,"code":133371,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133373,133374,133407,133427,133431],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,133375,133376,133378,133380,133382,133384,133386,133388,133390,133392,133394,133396,133398,133400,133403,133405],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,133377,3722],{"class":80},[74,133379,85],{"class":84},[74,133381,3271],{"class":106},[74,133383,122],{"class":88},[74,133385,6951],{"class":92},[74,133387,122],{"class":88},[74,133389,249],{"class":106},[74,133391,89],{"class":88},[74,133393,11852],{"class":92},[74,133395,122],{"class":88},[74,133397,249],{"class":106},[74,133399,89],{"class":88},[74,133401,133402],{"class":92},"easy",[74,133404,122],{"class":88},[74,133406,3284],{"class":106},[74,133408,133409,133411,133413,133415,133417,133419,133421,133423,133425],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,133410,383],{"class":80},[74,133412,85],{"class":84},[74,133414,89],{"class":88},[74,133416,89],{"class":88},[74,133418,114],{"class":106},[74,133420,132980],{"class":110},[74,133422,107],{"class":106},[74,133424,3764],{"class":110},[74,133426,260],{"class":106},[74,133428,133429],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,133430,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,133432,133433,133435,133437,133439],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,133434,103],{"class":102},[74,133436,107],{"class":106},[74,133438,418],{"class":110},[74,133440,260],{"class":106},[20,133442,157],{},[65,133444,133446],{"className":67,"code":133445,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"Python is easy\n",[15,133447,133448],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,133449,133450,133452,133454],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,133451,3223],{"class":80},[74,133453,11852],{"class":84},[74,133455,133456],{"class":80}," easy\n",[262,133458,133460],{"id":133459},"join-values-with-a-comma","Join values with a comma",[65,133462,133464],{"className":67,"code":133463,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"items = [\"apples\", \"bananas\", \"oranges\"]\nresult = \", \".join(items)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133465,133466,133501,133523,133527],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,133467,133468,133470,133472,133474,133476,133479,133481,133483,133485,133488,133490,133492,133494,133497,133499],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,133469,7435],{"class":80},[74,133471,85],{"class":84},[74,133473,3271],{"class":106},[74,133475,122],{"class":88},[74,133477,133478],{"class":92},"apples",[74,133480,122],{"class":88},[74,133482,249],{"class":106},[74,133484,89],{"class":88},[74,133486,133487],{"class":92},"bananas",[74,133489,122],{"class":88},[74,133491,249],{"class":106},[74,133493,89],{"class":88},[74,133495,133496],{"class":92},"oranges",[74,133498,122],{"class":88},[74,133500,3284],{"class":106},[74,133502,133503,133505,133507,133509,133511,133513,133515,133517,133519,133521],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,133504,383],{"class":80},[74,133506,85],{"class":84},[74,133508,89],{"class":88},[74,133510,220],{"class":92},[74,133512,122],{"class":88},[74,133514,114],{"class":106},[74,133516,132980],{"class":110},[74,133518,107],{"class":106},[74,133520,7466],{"class":110},[74,133522,260],{"class":106},[74,133524,133525],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,133526,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,133528,133529,133531,133533,133535],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,133530,103],{"class":102},[74,133532,107],{"class":106},[74,133534,418],{"class":110},[74,133536,260],{"class":106},[20,133538,157],{},[65,133540,133542],{"className":67,"code":133541,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"apples, bananas, oranges\n",[15,133543,133544],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,133545,133546,133548,133550,133553,133555],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,133547,133478],{"class":80},[74,133549,249],{"class":106},[74,133551,133552],{"class":80}," bananas",[74,133554,249],{"class":106},[74,133556,133557],{"class":80}," oranges\n",[262,133559,133561],{"id":133560},"join-characters-with-an-empty-string","Join characters with an empty string",[65,133563,133565],{"className":67,"code":133564,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nresult = \"\".join(letters)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133566,133567,133624,133642,133646],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,133568,133569,133571,133573,133575,133577,133580,133582,133584,133586,133588,133590,133592,133594,133596,133598,133600,133602,133604,133606,133608,133610,133612,133614,133616,133618,133620,133622],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,133570,35746],{"class":80},[74,133572,85],{"class":84},[74,133574,3271],{"class":106},[74,133576,122],{"class":88},[74,133578,133579],{"class":92},"P",[74,133581,122],{"class":88},[74,133583,249],{"class":106},[74,133585,89],{"class":88},[74,133587,11403],{"class":92},[74,133589,122],{"class":88},[74,133591,249],{"class":106},[74,133593,89],{"class":88},[74,133595,62934],{"class":92},[74,133597,122],{"class":88},[74,133599,249],{"class":106},[74,133601,89],{"class":88},[74,133603,60086],{"class":92},[74,133605,122],{"class":88},[74,133607,249],{"class":106},[74,133609,89],{"class":88},[74,133611,60121],{"class":92},[74,133613,122],{"class":88},[74,133615,249],{"class":106},[74,133617,89],{"class":88},[74,133619,75668],{"class":92},[74,133621,122],{"class":88},[74,133623,3284],{"class":106},[74,133625,133626,133628,133630,133632,133634,133636,133638,133640],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,133627,383],{"class":80},[74,133629,85],{"class":84},[74,133631,5778],{"class":88},[74,133633,114],{"class":106},[74,133635,132980],{"class":110},[74,133637,107],{"class":106},[74,133639,35799],{"class":110},[74,133641,260],{"class":106},[74,133643,133644],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,133645,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,133647,133648,133650,133652,133654],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,133649,103],{"class":102},[74,133651,107],{"class":106},[74,133653,418],{"class":110},[74,133655,260],{"class":106},[20,133657,157],{},[65,133659,133661],{"className":67,"code":133660,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"Python\n",[15,133662,133663],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,133664,133665],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,133666,133660],{"class":80},[262,133668,133670,133671,133673],{"id":133669},"show-that-join-returns-the-result","Show that ",[15,133672,132903],{}," returns the result",[65,133675,133677],{"className":67,"code":133676,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\njoined_text = \"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(joined_text)\n",[15,133678,133679,133712,133735,133739],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,133680,133681,133683,133685,133687,133689,133691,133693,133695,133697,133699,133701,133703,133705,133708,133710],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,133682,3722],{"class":80},[74,133684,85],{"class":84},[74,133686,3271],{"class":106},[74,133688,122],{"class":88},[74,133690,543],{"class":92},[74,133692,122],{"class":88},[74,133694,249],{"class":106},[74,133696,89],{"class":88},[74,133698,78908],{"class":92},[74,133700,122],{"class":88},[74,133702,249],{"class":106},[74,133704,89],{"class":88},[74,133706,133707],{"class":92},"three",[74,133709,122],{"class":88},[74,133711,3284],{"class":106},[74,133713,133714,133717,133719,133721,133723,133725,133727,133729,133731,133733],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,133715,133716],{"class":80},"joined_text ",[74,133718,85],{"class":84},[74,133720,89],{"class":88},[74,133722,1669],{"class":92},[74,133724,122],{"class":88},[74,133726,114],{"class":106},[74,133728,132980],{"class":110},[74,133730,107],{"class":106},[74,133732,3764],{"class":110},[74,133734,260],{"class":106},[74,133736,133737],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,133738,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,133740,133741,133743,133745,133748],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,133742,103],{"class":102},[74,133744,107],{"class":106},[74,133746,133747],{"class":110},"joined_text",[74,133749,260],{"class":106},[20,133751,157],{},[65,133753,133755],{"className":67,"code":133754,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"one-two-three\n",[15,133756,133757],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,133758,133759,133761,133763,133765,133767],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,133760,543],{"class":80},[74,133762,1669],{"class":84},[74,133764,78908],{"class":80},[74,133766,1669],{"class":84},[74,133768,133769],{"class":80},"three\n",[60,133771,133773],{"id":133772},"using-different-separators","Using different separators",[20,133775,133776],{},"The separator controls what appears between each item.",[262,133778,133780,133783],{"id":133779},"join-adds-spaces",[15,133781,133782],{},"\" \".join(...)"," adds spaces",[65,133785,133787],{"className":67,"code":133786,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\" \".join(words))\n",[15,133788,133789,133813],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,133790,133791,133793,133795,133797,133799,133801,133803,133805,133807,133809,133811],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,133792,3722],{"class":80},[74,133794,85],{"class":84},[74,133796,3271],{"class":106},[74,133798,122],{"class":88},[74,133800,3497],{"class":92},[74,133802,122],{"class":88},[74,133804,249],{"class":106},[74,133806,89],{"class":88},[74,133808,60239],{"class":92},[74,133810,122],{"class":88},[74,133812,3284],{"class":106},[74,133814,133815,133817,133819,133821,133823,133825,133827,133829,133831],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,133816,103],{"class":102},[74,133818,107],{"class":106},[74,133820,122],{"class":88},[74,133822,89],{"class":88},[74,133824,114],{"class":106},[74,133826,132980],{"class":110},[74,133828,107],{"class":106},[74,133830,3764],{"class":110},[74,133832,130],{"class":106},[20,133834,157],{},[65,133836,133838],{"className":67,"code":133837,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"hello world\n",[15,133839,133840],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,133841,133842],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,133843,133837],{"class":80},[262,133845,133847,133850],{"id":133846},"join-creates-comma-separated-text",[15,133848,133849],{},"\", \".join(...)"," creates comma-separated text",[65,133852,133854],{"className":67,"code":133853,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\", \".join(colors))\n",[15,133855,133856,133888],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,133857,133858,133860,133862,133864,133866,133868,133870,133872,133874,133876,133878,133880,133882,133884,133886],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,133859,12732],{"class":80},[74,133861,85],{"class":84},[74,133863,3271],{"class":106},[74,133865,122],{"class":88},[74,133867,12749],{"class":92},[74,133869,122],{"class":88},[74,133871,249],{"class":106},[74,133873,89],{"class":88},[74,133875,12766],{"class":92},[74,133877,122],{"class":88},[74,133879,249],{"class":106},[74,133881,89],{"class":88},[74,133883,17110],{"class":92},[74,133885,122],{"class":88},[74,133887,3284],{"class":106},[74,133889,133890,133892,133894,133896,133898,133900,133902,133904,133906,133908],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,133891,103],{"class":102},[74,133893,107],{"class":106},[74,133895,122],{"class":88},[74,133897,220],{"class":92},[74,133899,122],{"class":88},[74,133901,114],{"class":106},[74,133903,132980],{"class":110},[74,133905,107],{"class":106},[74,133907,17157],{"class":110},[74,133909,130],{"class":106},[20,133911,157],{},[65,133913,133915],{"className":67,"code":133914,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"red, blue, green\n",[15,133916,133917],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,133918,133919,133921,133923,133926,133928],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,133920,12749],{"class":80},[74,133922,249],{"class":106},[74,133924,133925],{"class":80}," blue",[74,133927,249],{"class":106},[74,133929,35531],{"class":80},[20,133931,133932],{},"This is useful when building simple CSV-style text.",[262,133934,133936,133939],{"id":133935},"join-is-useful-for-slugs-or-ids",[15,133937,133938],{},"\"-\".join(...)"," is useful for slugs or IDs",[65,133941,133943],{"className":67,"code":133942,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"parts = [\"python\", \"string\", \"join\"]\nprint(\"-\".join(parts))\n",[15,133944,133945,133977],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,133946,133947,133949,133951,133953,133955,133957,133959,133961,133963,133965,133967,133969,133971,133973,133975],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,133948,42492],{"class":80},[74,133950,85],{"class":84},[74,133952,3271],{"class":106},[74,133954,122],{"class":88},[74,133956,69],{"class":92},[74,133958,122],{"class":88},[74,133960,249],{"class":106},[74,133962,89],{"class":88},[74,133964,237],{"class":92},[74,133966,122],{"class":88},[74,133968,249],{"class":106},[74,133970,89],{"class":88},[74,133972,132980],{"class":92},[74,133974,122],{"class":88},[74,133976,3284],{"class":106},[74,133978,133979,133981,133983,133985,133987,133989,133991,133993,133995,133997],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,133980,103],{"class":102},[74,133982,107],{"class":106},[74,133984,122],{"class":88},[74,133986,1669],{"class":92},[74,133988,122],{"class":88},[74,133990,114],{"class":106},[74,133992,132980],{"class":110},[74,133994,107],{"class":106},[74,133996,42523],{"class":110},[74,133998,130],{"class":106},[20,134000,157],{},[65,134002,134004],{"className":67,"code":134003,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"python-string-join\n",[15,134005,134006],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,134007,134008,134010,134012,134014,134016],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,134009,69],{"class":80},[74,134011,1669],{"class":84},[74,134013,237],{"class":80},[74,134015,1669],{"class":84},[74,134017,134018],{"class":80},"join\n",[262,134020,134022,134025],{"id":134021},"join-joins-with-no-separator",[15,134023,134024],{},"\"\".join(...)"," joins with no separator",[65,134027,134029],{"className":67,"code":134028,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"chars = [\"A\", \"B\", \"C\"]\nprint(\"\".join(chars))\n",[15,134030,134031,134064],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,134032,134033,134035,134037,134039,134041,134043,134045,134047,134049,134051,134053,134055,134057,134060,134062],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,134034,112569],{"class":80},[74,134036,85],{"class":84},[74,134038,3271],{"class":106},[74,134040,122],{"class":88},[74,134042,21901],{"class":92},[74,134044,122],{"class":88},[74,134046,249],{"class":106},[74,134048,89],{"class":88},[74,134050,30256],{"class":92},[74,134052,122],{"class":88},[74,134054,249],{"class":106},[74,134056,89],{"class":88},[74,134058,134059],{"class":92},"C",[74,134061,122],{"class":88},[74,134063,3284],{"class":106},[74,134065,134066,134068,134070,134072,134074,134076,134078,134081],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,134067,103],{"class":102},[74,134069,107],{"class":106},[74,134071,5924],{"class":88},[74,134073,114],{"class":106},[74,134075,132980],{"class":110},[74,134077,107],{"class":106},[74,134079,134080],{"class":110},"chars",[74,134082,130],{"class":106},[20,134084,157],{},[65,134086,134088],{"className":67,"code":134087,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"ABC\n",[15,134089,134090],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,134091,134092],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,134093,134087],{"class":34111},[60,134095,134097],{"id":134096},"what-types-of-values-work","What types of values work",[20,134099,134100,134102],{},[15,134101,132903],{}," works when every item is already a string.",[262,134104,134106],{"id":134105},"this-works","This works",[65,134108,134110],{"className":67,"code":134109,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"values = [\"10\", \"20\", \"30\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134111,134112,134144],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,134113,134114,134116,134118,134120,134122,134124,134126,134128,134130,134132,134134,134136,134138,134140,134142],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,134115,3474],{"class":80},[74,134117,85],{"class":84},[74,134119,3271],{"class":106},[74,134121,122],{"class":88},[74,134123,1972],{"class":92},[74,134125,122],{"class":88},[74,134127,249],{"class":106},[74,134129,89],{"class":88},[74,134131,15412],{"class":92},[74,134133,122],{"class":88},[74,134135,249],{"class":106},[74,134137,89],{"class":88},[74,134139,36498],{"class":92},[74,134141,122],{"class":88},[74,134143,3284],{"class":106},[74,134145,134146,134148,134150,134152,134154,134156,134158,134160,134162,134164],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,134147,103],{"class":102},[74,134149,107],{"class":106},[74,134151,122],{"class":88},[74,134153,220],{"class":92},[74,134155,122],{"class":88},[74,134157,114],{"class":106},[74,134159,132980],{"class":110},[74,134161,107],{"class":106},[74,134163,5008],{"class":110},[74,134165,130],{"class":106},[20,134167,157],{},[65,134169,134171],{"className":67,"code":134170,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"10, 20, 30\n",[15,134172,134173],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,134174,134175,134177,134179,134181,134183],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,134176,1972],{"class":167},[74,134178,249],{"class":106},[74,134180,7446],{"class":167},[74,134182,249],{"class":106},[74,134184,134185],{"class":167}," 30\n",[262,134187,134189],{"id":134188},"numbers-do-not-work-directly","Numbers do not work directly",[65,134191,134193],{"className":67,"code":134192,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134194,134195,134215],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,134196,134197,134199,134201,134203,134205,134207,134209,134211,134213],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,134198,3474],{"class":80},[74,134200,85],{"class":84},[74,134202,3271],{"class":106},[74,134204,2632],{"class":167},[74,134206,249],{"class":106},[74,134208,620],{"class":167},[74,134210,249],{"class":106},[74,134212,2094],{"class":167},[74,134214,3284],{"class":106},[74,134216,134217,134219,134221,134223,134225,134227,134229,134231,134233,134235],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,134218,103],{"class":102},[74,134220,107],{"class":106},[74,134222,122],{"class":88},[74,134224,220],{"class":92},[74,134226,122],{"class":88},[74,134228,114],{"class":106},[74,134230,132980],{"class":110},[74,134232,107],{"class":106},[74,134234,5008],{"class":110},[74,134236,130],{"class":106},[20,134238,89948,134239,134241],{},[15,134240,2649],{}," because the list contains integers, not strings.",[20,134243,134244],{},"To fix it, convert the values first:",[65,134246,134248],{"className":67,"code":134247,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134249,134250,134270,134300,134304],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,134251,134252,134254,134256,134258,134260,134262,134264,134266,134268],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,134253,3474],{"class":80},[74,134255,85],{"class":84},[74,134257,3271],{"class":106},[74,134259,2632],{"class":167},[74,134261,249],{"class":106},[74,134263,620],{"class":167},[74,134265,249],{"class":106},[74,134267,2094],{"class":167},[74,134269,3284],{"class":106},[74,134271,134272,134274,134276,134278,134280,134282,134284,134286,134288,134290,134292,134294,134296,134298],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,134273,383],{"class":80},[74,134275,85],{"class":84},[74,134277,89],{"class":88},[74,134279,220],{"class":92},[74,134281,122],{"class":88},[74,134283,114],{"class":106},[74,134285,132980],{"class":110},[74,134287,107],{"class":106},[74,134289,39516],{"class":102},[74,134291,107],{"class":106},[74,134293,3090],{"class":1345},[74,134295,249],{"class":106},[74,134297,3538],{"class":110},[74,134299,130],{"class":106},[74,134301,134302],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,134303,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,134305,134306,134308,134310,134312],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,134307,103],{"class":102},[74,134309,107],{"class":106},[74,134311,418],{"class":110},[74,134313,260],{"class":106},[20,134315,157],{},[65,134317,134319],{"className":67,"code":134318,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"1, 2, 3\n",[15,134320,134321],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,134322,134323,134325,134327,134329,134331],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,134324,2632],{"class":167},[74,134326,249],{"class":106},[74,134328,620],{"class":167},[74,134330,249],{"class":106},[74,134332,2221],{"class":167},[20,134334,134335,134336,114],{},"If you need a clearer explanation of string conversion, see ",[125,134337,3223,134338,3156],{"href":41830},[15,134339,47336],{},[262,134341,134343,134345],{"id":134342},"none-values-do-not-work-directly",[15,134344,3429],{}," values do not work directly",[65,134347,134349],{"className":67,"code":134348,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134350,134351,134379],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,134352,134353,134355,134357,134359,134361,134363,134365,134367,134369,134371,134373,134375,134377],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,134354,3474],{"class":80},[74,134356,85],{"class":84},[74,134358,3271],{"class":106},[74,134360,122],{"class":88},[74,134362,376],{"class":92},[74,134364,122],{"class":88},[74,134366,249],{"class":106},[74,134368,3505],{"class":3504},[74,134370,249],{"class":106},[74,134372,89],{"class":88},[74,134374,93],{"class":92},[74,134376,122],{"class":88},[74,134378,3284],{"class":106},[74,134380,134381,134383,134385,134387,134389,134391,134393,134395,134397,134399],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,134382,103],{"class":102},[74,134384,107],{"class":106},[74,134386,122],{"class":88},[74,134388,220],{"class":92},[74,134390,122],{"class":88},[74,134392,114],{"class":106},[74,134394,132980],{"class":110},[74,134396,107],{"class":106},[74,134398,5008],{"class":110},[74,134400,130],{"class":106},[20,134402,134403,134404,114],{},"This also causes a ",[15,134405,2649],{},[20,134407,134408],{},"One fix is to convert values to strings:",[65,134410,134412],{"className":67,"code":134411,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134413,134414,134442,134472,134476],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,134415,134416,134418,134420,134422,134424,134426,134428,134430,134432,134434,134436,134438,134440],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,134417,3474],{"class":80},[74,134419,85],{"class":84},[74,134421,3271],{"class":106},[74,134423,122],{"class":88},[74,134425,376],{"class":92},[74,134427,122],{"class":88},[74,134429,249],{"class":106},[74,134431,3505],{"class":3504},[74,134433,249],{"class":106},[74,134435,89],{"class":88},[74,134437,93],{"class":92},[74,134439,122],{"class":88},[74,134441,3284],{"class":106},[74,134443,134444,134446,134448,134450,134452,134454,134456,134458,134460,134462,134464,134466,134468,134470],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,134445,383],{"class":80},[74,134447,85],{"class":84},[74,134449,89],{"class":88},[74,134451,220],{"class":92},[74,134453,122],{"class":88},[74,134455,114],{"class":106},[74,134457,132980],{"class":110},[74,134459,107],{"class":106},[74,134461,39516],{"class":102},[74,134463,107],{"class":106},[74,134465,3090],{"class":1345},[74,134467,249],{"class":106},[74,134469,3538],{"class":110},[74,134471,130],{"class":106},[74,134473,134474],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,134475,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,134477,134478,134480,134482,134484],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,134479,103],{"class":102},[74,134481,107],{"class":106},[74,134483,418],{"class":110},[74,134485,260],{"class":106},[20,134487,157],{},[65,134489,134491],{"className":67,"code":134490,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"apple, None, banana\n",[15,134492,134493],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,134494,134495,134497,134499,134501,134503],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,134496,376],{"class":80},[74,134498,249],{"class":106},[74,134500,3505],{"class":3504},[74,134502,249],{"class":106},[74,134504,134505],{"class":80}," banana\n",[20,134507,134508,134509,134511],{},"Be careful with this approach. Sometimes you may want to remove ",[15,134510,3429],{}," values instead of converting them.",[262,134513,134515,134517],{"id":134514},"join-also-works-with-tuples",[15,134516,132903],{}," also works with tuples",[65,134519,134521],{"className":67,"code":134520,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"names = (\"Sam\", \"Lee\", \"Mia\")\nprint(\" \u002F \".join(names))\n",[15,134522,134523,134555],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,134524,134525,134527,134529,134531,134533,134535,134537,134539,134541,134543,134545,134547,134549,134551,134553],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,134526,4646],{"class":80},[74,134528,85],{"class":84},[74,134530,8892],{"class":106},[74,134532,122],{"class":88},[74,134534,7332],{"class":92},[74,134536,122],{"class":88},[74,134538,249],{"class":106},[74,134540,89],{"class":88},[74,134542,130909],{"class":92},[74,134544,122],{"class":88},[74,134546,249],{"class":106},[74,134548,89],{"class":88},[74,134550,7578],{"class":92},[74,134552,122],{"class":88},[74,134554,260],{"class":106},[74,134556,134557,134559,134561,134563,134566,134568,134570,134572,134574,134576],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,134558,103],{"class":102},[74,134560,107],{"class":106},[74,134562,122],{"class":88},[74,134564,134565],{"class":92}," \u002F ",[74,134567,122],{"class":88},[74,134569,114],{"class":106},[74,134571,132980],{"class":110},[74,134573,107],{"class":106},[74,134575,4690],{"class":110},[74,134577,130],{"class":106},[20,134579,157],{},[65,134581,134583],{"className":67,"code":134582,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"Sam \u002F Lee \u002F Mia\n",[15,134584,134585],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,134586,134587,134590,134592,134595,134597],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,134588,134589],{"class":80},"Sam ",[74,134591,126713],{"class":84},[74,134593,134594],{"class":80}," Lee ",[74,134596,126713],{"class":84},[74,134598,21990],{"class":80},[60,134600,134602,134603],{"id":134601},"common-errors-with-join","Common errors with ",[15,134604,132903],{},[20,134606,134607],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes.",[262,134609,134611,134612,134614],{"id":134610},"_1-typeerror-because-not-all-items-are-strings","1. ",[15,134613,2649],{}," because not all items are strings",[65,134616,134618],{"className":67,"code":134617,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(items))\n",[15,134619,134620,134648],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,134621,134622,134624,134626,134628,134630,134632,134634,134636,134638,134640,134642,134644,134646],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,134623,7435],{"class":80},[74,134625,85],{"class":84},[74,134627,3271],{"class":106},[74,134629,122],{"class":88},[74,134631,125],{"class":92},[74,134633,122],{"class":88},[74,134635,249],{"class":106},[74,134637,620],{"class":167},[74,134639,249],{"class":106},[74,134641,89],{"class":88},[74,134643,9396],{"class":92},[74,134645,122],{"class":88},[74,134647,3284],{"class":106},[74,134649,134650,134652,134654,134656,134658,134660,134662,134664,134666],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,134651,103],{"class":102},[74,134653,107],{"class":106},[74,134655,122],{"class":88},[74,134657,89],{"class":88},[74,134659,114],{"class":106},[74,134661,132980],{"class":110},[74,134663,107],{"class":106},[74,134665,7466],{"class":110},[74,134667,130],{"class":106},[20,134669,48162,134670,134672],{},[15,134671,687],{}," is an integer.",[20,134674,38918],{},[65,134676,134678],{"className":67,"code":134677,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(map(str, items)))\n",[15,134679,134680,134708],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,134681,134682,134684,134686,134688,134690,134692,134694,134696,134698,134700,134702,134704,134706],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,134683,7435],{"class":80},[74,134685,85],{"class":84},[74,134687,3271],{"class":106},[74,134689,122],{"class":88},[74,134691,125],{"class":92},[74,134693,122],{"class":88},[74,134695,249],{"class":106},[74,134697,620],{"class":167},[74,134699,249],{"class":106},[74,134701,89],{"class":88},[74,134703,9396],{"class":92},[74,134705,122],{"class":88},[74,134707,3284],{"class":106},[74,134709,134710,134712,134714,134716,134718,134720,134722,134724,134726,134728,134730,134732,134734],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,134711,103],{"class":102},[74,134713,107],{"class":106},[74,134715,122],{"class":88},[74,134717,89],{"class":88},[74,134719,114],{"class":106},[74,134721,132980],{"class":110},[74,134723,107],{"class":106},[74,134725,39516],{"class":102},[74,134727,107],{"class":106},[74,134729,3090],{"class":1345},[74,134731,249],{"class":106},[74,134733,5617],{"class":110},[74,134735,2555],{"class":106},[20,134737,134738,134739,114],{},"If you see an error like this, read ",[125,134740,25336,134742],{"href":134741},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-sequence-item-0-expected-str-instance-fix\u002F",[15,134743,134744],{},"TypeError: sequence item 0: expected str instance",[262,134746,134748,134749,134751],{"id":134747},"_2-calling-join-on-a-list-instead-of-a-string","2. Calling ",[15,134750,132903],{}," on a list instead of a string",[20,134753,4177],{},[65,134755,134757],{"className":67,"code":134756,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = words.join(\" \")\n",[15,134758,134759,134791],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,134760,134761,134763,134765,134767,134769,134771,134773,134775,134777,134779,134781,134783,134785,134787,134789],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,134762,3722],{"class":80},[74,134764,85],{"class":84},[74,134766,3271],{"class":106},[74,134768,122],{"class":88},[74,134770,6951],{"class":92},[74,134772,122],{"class":88},[74,134774,249],{"class":106},[74,134776,89],{"class":88},[74,134778,11852],{"class":92},[74,134780,122],{"class":88},[74,134782,249],{"class":106},[74,134784,89],{"class":88},[74,134786,132961],{"class":92},[74,134788,122],{"class":88},[74,134790,3284],{"class":106},[74,134792,134793,134795,134797,134799,134801,134803,134805,134807,134809],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,134794,383],{"class":80},[74,134796,85],{"class":84},[74,134798,5820],{"class":80},[74,134800,114],{"class":106},[74,134802,132980],{"class":110},[74,134804,107],{"class":106},[74,134806,122],{"class":88},[74,134808,89],{"class":88},[74,134810,260],{"class":106},[20,134812,134813,134815],{},[15,134814,132903],{}," is a string method, not a list method.",[20,134817,1080],{},[65,134819,134821],{"className":67,"code":134820,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134822,134823,134855,134875,134879],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,134824,134825,134827,134829,134831,134833,134835,134837,134839,134841,134843,134845,134847,134849,134851,134853],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,134826,3722],{"class":80},[74,134828,85],{"class":84},[74,134830,3271],{"class":106},[74,134832,122],{"class":88},[74,134834,6951],{"class":92},[74,134836,122],{"class":88},[74,134838,249],{"class":106},[74,134840,89],{"class":88},[74,134842,11852],{"class":92},[74,134844,122],{"class":88},[74,134846,249],{"class":106},[74,134848,89],{"class":88},[74,134850,132961],{"class":92},[74,134852,122],{"class":88},[74,134854,3284],{"class":106},[74,134856,134857,134859,134861,134863,134865,134867,134869,134871,134873],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,134858,383],{"class":80},[74,134860,85],{"class":84},[74,134862,89],{"class":88},[74,134864,89],{"class":88},[74,134866,114],{"class":106},[74,134868,132980],{"class":110},[74,134870,107],{"class":106},[74,134872,3764],{"class":110},[74,134874,260],{"class":106},[74,134876,134877],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,134878,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,134880,134881,134883,134885,134887],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,134882,103],{"class":102},[74,134884,107],{"class":106},[74,134886,418],{"class":110},[74,134888,260],{"class":106},[262,134890,134892],{"id":134891},"_3-using-the-wrong-separator","3. Using the wrong separator",[65,134894,134896],{"className":67,"code":134895,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,134897,134898,134930],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,134899,134900,134902,134904,134906,134908,134910,134912,134914,134916,134918,134920,134922,134924,134926,134928],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,134901,3722],{"class":80},[74,134903,85],{"class":84},[74,134905,3271],{"class":106},[74,134907,122],{"class":88},[74,134909,543],{"class":92},[74,134911,122],{"class":88},[74,134913,249],{"class":106},[74,134915,89],{"class":88},[74,134917,78908],{"class":92},[74,134919,122],{"class":88},[74,134921,249],{"class":106},[74,134923,89],{"class":88},[74,134925,133707],{"class":92},[74,134927,122],{"class":88},[74,134929,3284],{"class":106},[74,134931,134932,134934,134936,134938,134940,134942,134944,134946],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,134933,103],{"class":102},[74,134935,107],{"class":106},[74,134937,5924],{"class":88},[74,134939,114],{"class":106},[74,134941,132980],{"class":110},[74,134943,107],{"class":106},[74,134945,3764],{"class":110},[74,134947,130],{"class":106},[20,134949,157],{},[65,134951,134953],{"className":67,"code":134952,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"onetwothree\n",[15,134954,134955],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,134956,134957],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,134958,134952],{"class":80},[20,134960,134961,134962,6284],{},"If you wanted spaces, use ",[15,134963,133048],{},[262,134965,134967,134968,131171],{"id":134966},"_4-forgetting-that-join-returns-a-new-string","4. Forgetting that ",[15,134969,132903],{},[65,134971,134973],{"className":67,"code":134972,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"words = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,134974,134975,135007,135025,135029],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,134976,134977,134979,134981,134983,134985,134987,134989,134991,134993,134995,134997,134999,135001,135003,135005],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,134978,3722],{"class":80},[74,134980,85],{"class":84},[74,134982,3271],{"class":106},[74,134984,122],{"class":88},[74,134986,125],{"class":92},[74,134988,122],{"class":88},[74,134990,249],{"class":106},[74,134992,89],{"class":88},[74,134994,4412],{"class":92},[74,134996,122],{"class":88},[74,134998,249],{"class":106},[74,135000,89],{"class":88},[74,135002,9396],{"class":92},[74,135004,122],{"class":88},[74,135006,3284],{"class":106},[74,135008,135009,135011,135013,135015,135017,135019,135021,135023],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,135010,122],{"class":42983},[74,135012,1669],{"class":42987},[74,135014,122],{"class":42983},[74,135016,114],{"class":106},[74,135018,132980],{"class":110},[74,135020,107],{"class":106},[74,135022,3764],{"class":110},[74,135024,260],{"class":106},[74,135026,135027],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,135028,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,135030,135031,135033,135035,135037],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,135032,103],{"class":102},[74,135034,107],{"class":106},[74,135036,3764],{"class":110},[74,135038,260],{"class":106},[20,135040,157],{},[65,135042,135043],{"className":67,"code":42530,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,135044,135045],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,135046,135047,135049,135051,135053,135055,135057,135059,135061,135063,135065,135067,135069,135071],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,135048,742],{"class":106},[74,135050,2946],{"class":88},[74,135052,125],{"class":92},[74,135054,2946],{"class":88},[74,135056,249],{"class":106},[74,135058,2941],{"class":88},[74,135060,4412],{"class":92},[74,135062,2946],{"class":88},[74,135064,249],{"class":106},[74,135066,2941],{"class":88},[74,135068,9396],{"class":92},[74,135070,2946],{"class":88},[74,135072,3284],{"class":106},[20,135074,135075,135076,135078],{},"The list is unchanged because ",[15,135077,132903],{}," returns a new string. You need to store or print the result.",[60,135080,135082,135084,135085],{"id":135081},"join-vs-concatenation-with",[15,135083,132903],{}," vs concatenation with ",[15,135086,1706],{},[20,135088,10248,135089,51,135091,135093],{},[15,135090,132903],{},[15,135092,1706],{}," can combine strings, but they are used in different situations.",[262,135095,176,135097,135099],{"id":135096},"use-for-a-small-number-of-fixed-strings",[15,135098,1706],{}," for a small number of fixed strings",[65,135101,135103],{"className":67,"code":135102,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"first = \"Hello\"\nsecond = \"World\"\nresult = first + \" \" + second\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135104,135105,135118,135131,135151,135155],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,135106,135107,135110,135112,135114,135116],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,135108,135109],{"class":80},"first ",[74,135111,85],{"class":84},[74,135113,89],{"class":88},[74,135115,34524],{"class":92},[74,135117,96],{"class":88},[74,135119,135120,135123,135125,135127,135129],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,135121,135122],{"class":80},"second ",[74,135124,85],{"class":84},[74,135126,89],{"class":88},[74,135128,89377],{"class":92},[74,135130,96],{"class":88},[74,135132,135133,135135,135137,135140,135142,135144,135146,135148],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,135134,383],{"class":80},[74,135136,85],{"class":84},[74,135138,135139],{"class":80}," first ",[74,135141,1706],{"class":84},[74,135143,89],{"class":88},[74,135145,89],{"class":88},[74,135147,2097],{"class":84},[74,135149,135150],{"class":80}," second\n",[74,135152,135153],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,135154,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,135156,135157,135159,135161,135163],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,135158,103],{"class":102},[74,135160,107],{"class":106},[74,135162,418],{"class":110},[74,135164,260],{"class":106},[20,135166,157],{},[65,135168,135170],{"className":67,"code":135169,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"Hello World\n",[15,135171,135172],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,135173,135174],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,135175,135169],{"class":80},[262,135177,176,135179,135181],{"id":135178},"use-join-for-many-strings-or-a-list-of-strings",[15,135180,132903],{}," for many strings or a list of strings",[65,135183,135185],{"className":67,"code":135184,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"words = [\"Python\", \"makes\", \"this\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135186,135187,135229,135249,135253],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,135188,135189,135191,135193,135195,135197,135199,135201,135203,135205,135208,135210,135212,135214,135217,135219,135221,135223,135225,135227],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,135190,3722],{"class":80},[74,135192,85],{"class":84},[74,135194,3271],{"class":106},[74,135196,122],{"class":88},[74,135198,6951],{"class":92},[74,135200,122],{"class":88},[74,135202,249],{"class":106},[74,135204,89],{"class":88},[74,135206,135207],{"class":92},"makes",[74,135209,122],{"class":88},[74,135211,249],{"class":106},[74,135213,89],{"class":88},[74,135215,135216],{"class":92},"this",[74,135218,122],{"class":88},[74,135220,249],{"class":106},[74,135222,89],{"class":88},[74,135224,133402],{"class":92},[74,135226,122],{"class":88},[74,135228,3284],{"class":106},[74,135230,135231,135233,135235,135237,135239,135241,135243,135245,135247],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,135232,383],{"class":80},[74,135234,85],{"class":84},[74,135236,89],{"class":88},[74,135238,89],{"class":88},[74,135240,114],{"class":106},[74,135242,132980],{"class":110},[74,135244,107],{"class":106},[74,135246,3764],{"class":110},[74,135248,260],{"class":106},[74,135250,135251],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,135252,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,135254,135255,135257,135259,135261],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,135256,103],{"class":102},[74,135258,107],{"class":106},[74,135260,418],{"class":110},[74,135262,260],{"class":106},[20,135264,157],{},[65,135266,135268],{"className":67,"code":135267,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"Python makes this easy\n",[15,135269,135270],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,135271,135272],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,135273,135267],{"class":80},[20,135275,135276,135278],{},[15,135277,132903],{}," is usually cleaner when:",[30,135280,135281,135284,135287],{},[33,135282,135283],{},"You already have a list of strings",[33,135285,135286],{},"You want the same separator between every item",[33,135288,135289,135290,135292],{},"You want to avoid writing many ",[15,135291,1706],{}," operators",[20,135294,135295,135296,114],{},"For a task-focused guide, see ",[125,135297,135299],{"href":135298},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-join-strings-in-python\u002F","how to join strings in Python",[60,135301,135303],{"id":135302},"common-mistakes-to-check","Common mistakes to check",[20,135305,1318,135306,135308],{},[15,135307,132903],{}," is not working, check these first:",[30,135310,135311,135314,135319,135328,135334],{},[33,135312,135313],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains integers",[33,135315,135316,135317],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains ",[15,135318,3429],{},[33,135320,135321,135322,10750,135325],{},"You may have written ",[15,135323,135324],{},"list.join(...)",[15,135326,135327],{},"string.join(...)",[33,135329,135330,135331,135333],{},"You may be expecting ",[15,135332,132903],{}," to change the original iterable",[33,135335,135336],{},"You may have passed a non-iterable value",[20,135338,94016],{},[65,135340,135342],{"className":67,"code":135341,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(type(items))\nprint(items)\nprint([type(item) for item in items])\nprint(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))\nprint(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))\n",[15,135343,135344,135358,135368,135392,135432],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,135345,135346,135348,135350,135352,135354,135356],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,135347,103],{"class":102},[74,135349,107],{"class":106},[74,135351,1346],{"class":1345},[74,135353,107],{"class":106},[74,135355,7466],{"class":110},[74,135357,130],{"class":106},[74,135359,135360,135362,135364,135366],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,135361,103],{"class":102},[74,135363,107],{"class":106},[74,135365,7466],{"class":110},[74,135367,260],{"class":106},[74,135369,135370,135372,135374,135376,135378,135380,135382,135384,135386,135388,135390],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,135371,103],{"class":102},[74,135373,2629],{"class":106},[74,135375,1346],{"class":1345},[74,135377,107],{"class":106},[74,135379,22966],{"class":110},[74,135381,3311],{"class":106},[74,135383,3530],{"class":3529},[74,135385,5612],{"class":110},[74,135387,351],{"class":3529},[74,135389,5617],{"class":110},[74,135391,751],{"class":106},[74,135393,135394,135396,135398,135400,135402,135404,135406,135408,135410,135412,135414,135416,135418,135420,135422,135424,135426,135428,135430],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,135395,103],{"class":102},[74,135397,107],{"class":106},[74,135399,2946],{"class":88},[74,135401,2941],{"class":88},[74,135403,114],{"class":106},[74,135405,132980],{"class":110},[74,135407,2629],{"class":106},[74,135409,2946],{"class":88},[74,135411,125],{"class":92},[74,135413,2946],{"class":88},[74,135415,249],{"class":106},[74,135417,2941],{"class":88},[74,135419,4412],{"class":92},[74,135421,2946],{"class":88},[74,135423,249],{"class":106},[74,135425,2941],{"class":88},[74,135427,9396],{"class":92},[74,135429,2946],{"class":88},[74,135431,2643],{"class":106},[74,135433,135434,135436,135438,135440,135442,135444,135446,135448,135450,135452,135454,135456,135458,135460,135462,135464,135466,135468,135470],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,135435,103],{"class":102},[74,135437,107],{"class":106},[74,135439,2946],{"class":88},[74,135441,220],{"class":92},[74,135443,2946],{"class":88},[74,135445,114],{"class":106},[74,135447,132980],{"class":110},[74,135449,107],{"class":106},[74,135451,39516],{"class":102},[74,135453,107],{"class":106},[74,135455,3090],{"class":1345},[74,135457,249],{"class":106},[74,135459,3271],{"class":106},[74,135461,2632],{"class":167},[74,135463,249],{"class":106},[74,135465,620],{"class":167},[74,135467,249],{"class":106},[74,135469,2094],{"class":167},[74,135471,36920],{"class":106},[20,135473,135474],{},"What these checks do:",[30,135476,135477,135485,135491,135497,135506],{},[33,135478,135479,135482,135483,7754],{},[15,135480,135481],{},"print(type(items))"," shows what kind of value ",[15,135484,7466],{},[33,135486,135487,135490],{},[15,135488,135489],{},"print(items)"," shows the actual contents",[33,135492,135493,135496],{},[15,135494,135495],{},"print([type(item) for item in items])"," shows the type of each item",[33,135498,135499,135502,135503,135505],{},[15,135500,135501],{},"print(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))"," confirms normal ",[15,135504,132903],{}," behavior",[33,135507,135508,135511],{},[15,135509,135510],{},"print(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))"," shows how to join numbers after converting them",[60,135513,1471],{"id":1470},[262,135515,1517,135517,135519],{"id":135516},"does-join-work-with-numbers",[15,135518,132903],{}," work with numbers?",[20,135521,135522,135523,135525,135526,114],{},"Not directly. ",[15,135524,132903],{}," needs strings. Convert numbers first, for example with ",[15,135527,135528],{},"map(str, values)",[262,135530,1517,135532,56816],{"id":135531},"does-join-change-the-original-list",[15,135533,132903],{},[20,135535,135536],{},"No. It returns a new string and leaves the original list unchanged.",[262,135538,27983,135540,62282],{"id":135539},"can-i-use-join-with-a-tuple",[15,135541,132903],{},[20,135543,41807,135544,135546],{},[15,135545,132903],{}," works with any iterable of strings, including tuples.",[262,135548,1495,135550,39617],{"id":135549},"what-does-joinwords-do",[15,135551,135552],{},"''.join(words)",[20,135554,135555],{},"It joins the strings without adding any separator between them.",[262,135557,135559,135560,135562,135563,2135],{"id":135558},"why-do-i-get-typeerror-when-using-join","Why do I get ",[15,135561,2649],{}," when using ",[15,135564,132903],{},[20,135566,135567],{},"Usually because at least one item in the iterable is not a string.",[60,135569,1527],{"id":1526},[30,135571,135572,135577,135583,135589,135595],{},[33,135573,135574],{},[125,135575,135576],{"href":135298},"How to join strings in Python",[33,135578,135579],{},[125,135580,125821,135581,10399],{"href":128508},[15,135582,60179],{},[33,135584,135585],{},[125,135586,3223,135587,3156],{"href":41830},[15,135588,47336],{},[33,135590,135591],{},[125,135592,30003,135593],{"href":134741},[15,135594,134744],{},[33,135596,135597],{},[125,135598,124576],{"href":50627},[20,135600,96986,135601,135603],{},[15,135602,132903],{},", you can use it in real tasks like formatting full names, building comma-separated text, and combining words from a list into a single string.",[1566,135605,135606],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":70,"searchDepth":99,"depth":99,"links":135608},[135609,135610,135612,135615,135622,135632,135640,135650,135657,135658,135670],{"id":3255,"depth":99,"text":3256},{"id":133020,"depth":99,"text":135611},"What join() does",{"id":226,"depth":99,"text":227,"children":135613},[135614],{"id":48661,"depth":133,"text":48662},{"id":121520,"depth":99,"text":121521,"children":135616},[135617,135618,135619,135620],{"id":133367,"depth":133,"text":133368},{"id":133459,"depth":133,"text":133460},{"id":133560,"depth":133,"text":133561},{"id":133669,"depth":133,"text":135621},"Show that join() returns the result",{"id":133772,"depth":99,"text":133773,"children":135623},[135624,135626,135628,135630],{"id":133779,"depth":133,"text":135625},"\" \".join(...) adds spaces",{"id":133846,"depth":133,"text":135627},"\", \".join(...) creates comma-separated text",{"id":133935,"depth":133,"text":135629},"\"-\".join(...) is useful for slugs or IDs",{"id":134021,"depth":133,"text":135631},"\"\".join(...) joins with no separator",{"id":134096,"depth":99,"text":134097,"children":135633},[135634,135635,135636,135638],{"id":134105,"depth":133,"text":134106},{"id":134188,"depth":133,"text":134189},{"id":134342,"depth":133,"text":135637},"None values do not work directly",{"id":134514,"depth":133,"text":135639},"join() also works with tuples",{"id":134601,"depth":99,"text":135641,"children":135642},"Common errors with join()",[135643,135645,135647,135648],{"id":134610,"depth":133,"text":135644},"1. TypeError because not all items are strings",{"id":134747,"depth":133,"text":135646},"2. Calling join() on a list instead of a string",{"id":134891,"depth":133,"text":134892},{"id":134966,"depth":133,"text":135649},"4. Forgetting that join() returns a new string",{"id":135081,"depth":99,"text":135651,"children":135652},"join() vs concatenation with +",[135653,135655],{"id":135096,"depth":133,"text":135654},"Use + for a small number of fixed strings",{"id":135178,"depth":133,"text":135656},"Use join() for many strings or a list of strings",{"id":135302,"depth":99,"text":135303},{"id":1470,"depth":99,"text":1471,"children":135659},[135660,135662,135664,135666,135668],{"id":135516,"depth":133,"text":135661},"Does join() work with numbers?",{"id":135531,"depth":133,"text":135663},"Does join() change the original list?",{"id":135539,"depth":133,"text":135665},"Can I use join() with a tuple?",{"id":135549,"depth":133,"text":135667},"What does ''.join(words) do?",{"id":135558,"depth":133,"text":135669},"Why do I get TypeError when using join()?",{"id":1526,"depth":99,"text":1527},"Master python string join method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method",{"title":132895,"description":135671},"reference\u002Fpython-string-join-method","PADX964Q2s6BEP50kMkmDZLOlBbvj8gTOpZn-HkZGPA",{"id":135678,"title":135679,"body":135680,"description":137248,"extension":1610,"meta":137249,"navigation":407,"path":137250,"seo":137251,"stem":137252,"__hash__":137253},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method.md","Python String lower() Method",{"type":7,"value":135681,"toc":137215},[135682,135687,135692,135694,135708,135753,135760,135765,135770,135772,135788,135797,135799,135801,135816,135818,135828,135830,135892,135894,135897,135958,135960,135976,135978,135991,135994,136041,136043,136049,136052,136055,136115,136123,136209,136213,136218,136220,136234,136237,136322,136325,136383,136394,136449,136451,136458,136464,136470,136514,136517,136564,136566,136568,136575,136577,136608,136611,136613,136644,136648,136651,136653,136693,136695,136738,136744,136749,136751,136778,136783,136786,136835,136839,136842,136917,136928,136931,136988,136995,137001,137009,137014,137021,137028,137046,137048,137102,137110,137112,137117,137120,137126,137132,137137,137140,137146,137152,137159,137167,137169,137212],[10,135683,13,135685,18],{"id":135684},"python-string-lower-method",[15,135686,855],{},[20,135688,22,135689,135691],{},[15,135690,855],{}," method returns a lowercase version of a string.",[20,135693,23743],{},[30,135695,135696,135699,135702,135705],{},[33,135697,135698],{},"convert text to lowercase",[33,135700,135701],{},"compare text without case differences",[33,135703,135704],{},"clean up user input",[33,135706,135707],{},"make simple text matching easier",[65,135709,135711],{"className":67,"code":135710,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\nresult = text.lower()\nprint(result)  # hello world\n",[15,135712,135713,135726,135740],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,135714,135715,135717,135719,135721,135724],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,135716,81],{"class":80},[74,135718,85],{"class":84},[74,135720,89],{"class":88},[74,135722,135723],{"class":92},"Hello WORLD",[74,135725,96],{"class":88},[74,135727,135728,135730,135732,135734,135736,135738],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,135729,383],{"class":80},[74,135731,85],{"class":84},[74,135733,388],{"class":80},[74,135735,114],{"class":106},[74,135737,885],{"class":110},[74,135739,8299],{"class":106},[74,135741,135742,135744,135746,135748,135750],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,135743,103],{"class":102},[74,135745,107],{"class":106},[74,135747,418],{"class":110},[74,135749,3311],{"class":106},[74,135751,135752],{"class":3314},"  # hello world\n",[20,135754,135755,88600,135757,135759],{},[332,135756,83458],{},[15,135758,855],{}," returns a new string. It does not change the original string in place.",[60,135761,3328,135763,38],{"id":135762},"what-lower-does",[15,135764,855],{},[20,135766,135767,135769],{},[15,135768,855],{}," is a string method that changes uppercase letters to lowercase letters.",[20,135771,195],{},[30,135773,135774,135779,135782,135785],{},[33,135775,135776,135778],{},[15,135777,855],{}," returns a lowercase version of a string",[33,135780,135781],{},"It works on string objects",[33,135783,135784],{},"It creates and returns a new string",[33,135786,135787],{},"The original string stays unchanged",[20,135789,124573,135790,135794,135795,114],{},[125,135791,135793],{"href":135792},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-string-in-python\u002F","what a string is in Python"," or learn more in ",[125,135796,50628],{"href":50627},[60,135798,227],{"id":226},[20,135800,1802],{},[65,135802,135804],{"className":67,"code":135803,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"string.lower()\n",[15,135805,135806],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,135807,135808,135810,135812,135814],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,135809,237],{"class":80},[74,135811,114],{"class":106},[74,135813,885],{"class":110},[74,135815,8299],{"class":106},[20,135817,43305],{},[30,135819,135820,135822,135825],{},[33,135821,97164],{},[33,135823,135824],{},"You call it directly on a string",[33,135826,135827],{},"You can use it on a string literal or a string variable",[20,135829,506],{},[65,135831,135833],{"className":67,"code":135832,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(\"HELLO\".lower())  # hello\n\nname = \"PyThOn\"\nprint(name.lower())  # python\n",[15,135834,135835,135858,135862,135875],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,135836,135837,135839,135841,135843,135846,135848,135850,135852,135855],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,135838,103],{"class":102},[74,135840,107],{"class":106},[74,135842,122],{"class":88},[74,135844,135845],{"class":92},"HELLO",[74,135847,122],{"class":88},[74,135849,114],{"class":106},[74,135851,885],{"class":110},[74,135853,135854],{"class":106},"())",[74,135856,135857],{"class":3314},"  # hello\n",[74,135859,135860],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,135861,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,135863,135864,135866,135868,135870,135873],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,135865,7533],{"class":80},[74,135867,85],{"class":84},[74,135869,89],{"class":88},[74,135871,135872],{"class":92},"PyThOn",[74,135874,96],{"class":88},[74,135876,135877,135879,135881,135883,135885,135887,135889],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,135878,103],{"class":102},[74,135880,107],{"class":106},[74,135882,7323],{"class":110},[74,135884,114],{"class":106},[74,135886,885],{"class":110},[74,135888,135854],{"class":106},[74,135890,135891],{"class":3314},"  # python\n",[60,135893,357],{"id":356},[20,135895,135896],{},"Here is a basic example with a variable:",[65,135898,135900],{"className":67,"code":135899,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\n\nlower_text = text.lower()\n\nprint(lower_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,135901,135902,135914,135918,135933,135937,135948],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,135903,135904,135906,135908,135910,135912],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,135905,81],{"class":80},[74,135907,85],{"class":84},[74,135909,89],{"class":88},[74,135911,135723],{"class":92},[74,135913,96],{"class":88},[74,135915,135916],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,135917,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,135919,135920,135923,135925,135927,135929,135931],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,135921,135922],{"class":80},"lower_text ",[74,135924,85],{"class":84},[74,135926,388],{"class":80},[74,135928,114],{"class":106},[74,135930,885],{"class":110},[74,135932,8299],{"class":106},[74,135934,135935],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,135936,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,135938,135939,135941,135943,135946],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,135940,103],{"class":102},[74,135942,107],{"class":106},[74,135944,135945],{"class":110},"lower_text",[74,135947,260],{"class":106},[74,135949,135950,135952,135954,135956],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,135951,103],{"class":102},[74,135953,107],{"class":106},[74,135955,111],{"class":110},[74,135957,260],{"class":106},[20,135959,157],{},[65,135961,135963],{"className":67,"code":135962,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"hello world\nHello WORLD\n",[15,135964,135965,135969],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,135966,135967],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,135968,133837],{"class":80},[74,135970,135971,135973],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,135972,131237],{"class":80},[74,135974,135975],{"class":34111},"WORLD\n",[20,135977,24263],{},[30,135979,135980,135985],{},[33,135981,135982,135984],{},[15,135983,855],{}," returns the lowercase result",[33,135986,135987,135988,135990],{},"the original ",[15,135989,111],{}," variable does not change unless you reassign it",[20,135992,135993],{},"If you want to keep the lowercase version in the same variable, reassign it:",[65,135995,135997],{"className":67,"code":135996,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello world\n",[15,135998,135999,136011,136025,136029],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,136000,136001,136003,136005,136007,136009],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,136002,81],{"class":80},[74,136004,85],{"class":84},[74,136006,89],{"class":88},[74,136008,135723],{"class":92},[74,136010,96],{"class":88},[74,136012,136013,136015,136017,136019,136021,136023],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,136014,81],{"class":80},[74,136016,85],{"class":84},[74,136018,388],{"class":80},[74,136020,114],{"class":106},[74,136022,885],{"class":110},[74,136024,8299],{"class":106},[74,136026,136027],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,136028,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,136030,136031,136033,136035,136037,136039],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,136032,103],{"class":102},[74,136034,107],{"class":106},[74,136036,111],{"class":110},[74,136038,3311],{"class":106},[74,136040,135752],{"class":3314},[60,136042,305],{"id":304},[20,136044,136045,21631,136047,114],{},[15,136046,855],{},[332,136048,237],{},[20,136050,136051],{},"That means you can store the result in a variable, print it, or use it in comparisons.",[20,136053,136054],{},"A common beginner use case is comparing text in a case-insensitive way:",[65,136056,136058],{"className":67,"code":136057,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"answer = \"YES\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Correct\")\n",[15,136059,136060,136074,136078,136101],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,136061,136062,136065,136067,136069,136072],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,136063,136064],{"class":80},"answer ",[74,136066,85],{"class":84},[74,136068,89],{"class":88},[74,136070,136071],{"class":92},"YES",[74,136073,96],{"class":88},[74,136075,136076],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,136077,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,136079,136080,136082,136085,136087,136089,136091,136093,136095,136097,136099],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,136081,6651],{"class":3529},[74,136083,136084],{"class":80}," answer",[74,136086,114],{"class":106},[74,136088,885],{"class":110},[74,136090,7020],{"class":106},[74,136092,6061],{"class":84},[74,136094,89],{"class":88},[74,136096,8314],{"class":92},[74,136098,122],{"class":88},[74,136100,6046],{"class":106},[74,136102,136103,136105,136107,136109,136111,136113],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,136104,7726],{"class":102},[74,136106,107],{"class":106},[74,136108,122],{"class":88},[74,136110,96473],{"class":92},[74,136112,122],{"class":88},[74,136114,260],{"class":106},[20,136116,136117,136118,679],{},"This is especially useful with ",[125,136119,136120,136121,1944],{"href":7877},"the ",[15,136122,2601],{},[65,136124,136126],{"className":67,"code":136125,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"answer = input(\"Type yes or no: \")\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"You typed yes\")\nelse:\n    print(\"You typed something else\")\n",[15,136127,136128,136147,136151,136173,136188,136194],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,136129,136130,136132,136134,136136,136138,136140,136143,136145],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,136131,136064],{"class":80},[74,136133,85],{"class":84},[74,136135,7900],{"class":102},[74,136137,107],{"class":106},[74,136139,122],{"class":88},[74,136141,136142],{"class":92},"Type yes or no: ",[74,136144,122],{"class":88},[74,136146,260],{"class":106},[74,136148,136149],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,136150,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,136152,136153,136155,136157,136159,136161,136163,136165,136167,136169,136171],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,136154,6651],{"class":3529},[74,136156,136084],{"class":80},[74,136158,114],{"class":106},[74,136160,885],{"class":110},[74,136162,7020],{"class":106},[74,136164,6061],{"class":84},[74,136166,89],{"class":88},[74,136168,8314],{"class":92},[74,136170,122],{"class":88},[74,136172,6046],{"class":106},[74,136174,136175,136177,136179,136181,136184,136186],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,136176,7726],{"class":102},[74,136178,107],{"class":106},[74,136180,122],{"class":88},[74,136182,136183],{"class":92},"You typed yes",[74,136185,122],{"class":88},[74,136187,260],{"class":106},[74,136189,136190,136192],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,136191,27088],{"class":3529},[74,136193,6046],{"class":106},[74,136195,136196,136198,136200,136202,136205,136207],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,136197,7726],{"class":102},[74,136199,107],{"class":106},[74,136201,122],{"class":88},[74,136203,136204],{"class":92},"You typed something else",[74,136206,122],{"class":88},[74,136208,260],{"class":106},[60,136210,136212],{"id":136211},"common-use-cases","Common use cases",[20,136214,136215,136217],{},[15,136216,855],{}," is often used to normalize text before working with it.",[20,136219,6997],{},[30,136221,136222,136225,136228,136231],{},[33,136223,136224],{},"Normalize user input before comparison",[33,136226,136227],{},"Make text matching easier",[33,136229,136230],{},"Prepare text for simple searches",[33,136232,136233],{},"Clean mixed-case data",[20,136235,136236],{},"Example: checking user input",[65,136238,136240],{"className":67,"code":136239,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\n\nif color.lower() == \"blue\":\n    print(\"Nice choice!\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Got it.\")\n",[15,136241,136242,136260,136264,136286,136301,136307],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,136243,136244,136246,136248,136250,136252,136254,136256,136258],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,136245,44612],{"class":80},[74,136247,85],{"class":84},[74,136249,7900],{"class":102},[74,136251,107],{"class":106},[74,136253,122],{"class":88},[74,136255,44623],{"class":92},[74,136257,122],{"class":88},[74,136259,260],{"class":106},[74,136261,136262],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,136263,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,136265,136266,136268,136270,136272,136274,136276,136278,136280,136282,136284],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,136267,6651],{"class":3529},[74,136269,35508],{"class":80},[74,136271,114],{"class":106},[74,136273,885],{"class":110},[74,136275,7020],{"class":106},[74,136277,6061],{"class":84},[74,136279,89],{"class":88},[74,136281,12766],{"class":92},[74,136283,122],{"class":88},[74,136285,6046],{"class":106},[74,136287,136288,136290,136292,136294,136297,136299],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,136289,7726],{"class":102},[74,136291,107],{"class":106},[74,136293,122],{"class":88},[74,136295,136296],{"class":92},"Nice choice!",[74,136298,122],{"class":88},[74,136300,260],{"class":106},[74,136302,136303,136305],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,136304,27088],{"class":3529},[74,136306,6046],{"class":106},[74,136308,136309,136311,136313,136315,136318,136320],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,136310,7726],{"class":102},[74,136312,107],{"class":106},[74,136314,122],{"class":88},[74,136316,136317],{"class":92},"Got it.",[74,136319,122],{"class":88},[74,136321,260],{"class":106},[20,136323,136324],{},"Example: simple search",[65,136326,136328],{"className":67,"code":136327,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"message = \"Python Is Fun\"\n\nif \"python\" in message.lower():\n    print(\"Found it\")\n",[15,136329,136330,136343,136347,136368],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,136331,136332,136334,136336,136338,136341],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,136333,89644],{"class":80},[74,136335,85],{"class":84},[74,136337,89],{"class":88},[74,136339,136340],{"class":92},"Python Is Fun",[74,136342,96],{"class":88},[74,136344,136345],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,136346,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,136348,136349,136351,136353,136355,136357,136359,136362,136364,136366],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,136350,6651],{"class":3529},[74,136352,89],{"class":88},[74,136354,69],{"class":92},[74,136356,122],{"class":88},[74,136358,20829],{"class":84},[74,136360,136361],{"class":80}," message",[74,136363,114],{"class":106},[74,136365,885],{"class":110},[74,136367,21251],{"class":106},[74,136369,136370,136372,136374,136376,136379,136381],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,136371,7726],{"class":102},[74,136373,107],{"class":106},[74,136375,122],{"class":88},[74,136377,136378],{"class":92},"Found it",[74,136380,122],{"class":88},[74,136382,260],{"class":106},[20,136384,136385,136386,136388,136389,679],{},"If you also need to remove extra spaces, ",[15,136387,855],{}," is often used with ",[125,136390,136392],{"href":136391},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method\u002F",[15,136393,41308],{},[65,136395,136397],{"className":67,"code":136396,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"name = \"  ALICE  \"\nclean_name = name.strip().lower()\n\nprint(clean_name)  # alice\n",[15,136398,136399,136412,136431,136435],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,136400,136401,136403,136405,136407,136410],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,136402,7533],{"class":80},[74,136404,85],{"class":84},[74,136406,89],{"class":88},[74,136408,136409],{"class":92},"  ALICE  ",[74,136411,96],{"class":88},[74,136413,136414,136417,136419,136421,136423,136425,136427,136429],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,136415,136416],{"class":80},"clean_name ",[74,136418,85],{"class":84},[74,136420,35649],{"class":80},[74,136422,114],{"class":106},[74,136424,8292],{"class":110},[74,136426,888],{"class":106},[74,136428,885],{"class":110},[74,136430,8299],{"class":106},[74,136432,136433],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,136434,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,136436,136437,136439,136441,136444,136446],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,136438,103],{"class":102},[74,136440,107],{"class":106},[74,136442,136443],{"class":110},"clean_name",[74,136445,3311],{"class":106},[74,136447,136448],{"class":3314},"  # alice\n",[60,136450,15254],{"id":15253},[20,136452,136453,136454,136457],{},"Strings are ",[332,136455,136456],{},"immutable"," in Python.",[20,136459,136460,136461,136463],{},"That means a string cannot be changed in place. Methods like ",[15,136462,855],{}," do not edit the original string. They return a new one.",[20,136465,136466,136467,136469],{},"So this does ",[332,136468,334],{}," update the original variable:",[65,136471,136473],{"className":67,"code":136472,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # HELLO\n",[15,136474,136475,136487,136497,136501],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,136476,136477,136479,136481,136483,136485],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,136478,81],{"class":80},[74,136480,85],{"class":84},[74,136482,89],{"class":88},[74,136484,135845],{"class":92},[74,136486,96],{"class":88},[74,136488,136489,136491,136493,136495],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,136490,111],{"class":80},[74,136492,114],{"class":106},[74,136494,885],{"class":110},[74,136496,8299],{"class":106},[74,136498,136499],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,136500,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,136502,136503,136505,136507,136509,136511],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,136504,103],{"class":102},[74,136506,107],{"class":106},[74,136508,111],{"class":110},[74,136510,3311],{"class":106},[74,136512,136513],{"class":3314},"  # HELLO\n",[20,136515,136516],{},"To keep the lowercase version, save the result:",[65,136518,136520],{"className":67,"code":136519,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,136521,136522,136534,136548,136552],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,136523,136524,136526,136528,136530,136532],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,136525,81],{"class":80},[74,136527,85],{"class":84},[74,136529,89],{"class":88},[74,136531,135845],{"class":92},[74,136533,96],{"class":88},[74,136535,136536,136538,136540,136542,136544,136546],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,136537,81],{"class":80},[74,136539,85],{"class":84},[74,136541,388],{"class":80},[74,136543,114],{"class":106},[74,136545,885],{"class":110},[74,136547,8299],{"class":106},[74,136549,136550],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,136551,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,136553,136554,136556,136558,136560,136562],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,136555,103],{"class":102},[74,136557,107],{"class":106},[74,136559,111],{"class":110},[74,136561,3311],{"class":106},[74,136563,135857],{"class":3314},[60,136565,914],{"id":913},[262,136567,25344],{"id":25343},[20,136569,136570,136571,10750,136573,114],{},"A very common mistake is writing ",[15,136572,885],{},[15,136574,855],{},[20,136576,16302],{},[65,136578,136580],{"className":67,"code":136579,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower)\n",[15,136581,136582,136594],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,136583,136584,136586,136588,136590,136592],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,136585,81],{"class":80},[74,136587,85],{"class":84},[74,136589,89],{"class":88},[74,136591,135845],{"class":92},[74,136593,96],{"class":88},[74,136595,136596,136598,136600,136602,136604,136606],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,136597,103],{"class":102},[74,136599,107],{"class":106},[74,136601,111],{"class":110},[74,136603,114],{"class":106},[74,136605,885],{"class":24406},[74,136607,260],{"class":106},[20,136609,136610],{},"This prints the method itself, not the lowercase string.",[20,136612,16314],{},[65,136614,136616],{"className":67,"code":136615,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,136617,136618,136630],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,136619,136620,136622,136624,136626,136628],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,136621,81],{"class":80},[74,136623,85],{"class":84},[74,136625,89],{"class":88},[74,136627,135845],{"class":92},[74,136629,96],{"class":88},[74,136631,136632,136634,136636,136638,136640,136642],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,136633,103],{"class":102},[74,136635,107],{"class":106},[74,136637,111],{"class":110},[74,136639,114],{"class":106},[74,136641,885],{"class":110},[74,136643,6848],{"class":106},[262,136645,136647],{"id":136646},"not-saving-the-result","Not saving the result",[20,136649,136650],{},"Another common mistake is expecting the original variable to change automatically.",[20,136652,16302],{},[65,136654,136656],{"className":67,"code":136655,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\nprint(text)  # still HELLO\n",[15,136657,136658,136670,136680],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,136659,136660,136662,136664,136666,136668],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,136661,81],{"class":80},[74,136663,85],{"class":84},[74,136665,89],{"class":88},[74,136667,135845],{"class":92},[74,136669,96],{"class":88},[74,136671,136672,136674,136676,136678],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,136673,111],{"class":80},[74,136675,114],{"class":106},[74,136677,885],{"class":110},[74,136679,8299],{"class":106},[74,136681,136682,136684,136686,136688,136690],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,136683,103],{"class":102},[74,136685,107],{"class":106},[74,136687,111],{"class":110},[74,136689,3311],{"class":106},[74,136691,136692],{"class":3314},"  # still HELLO\n",[20,136694,16314],{},[65,136696,136698],{"className":67,"code":136697,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,136699,136700,136712,136726],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,136701,136702,136704,136706,136708,136710],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,136703,81],{"class":80},[74,136705,85],{"class":84},[74,136707,89],{"class":88},[74,136709,135845],{"class":92},[74,136711,96],{"class":88},[74,136713,136714,136716,136718,136720,136722,136724],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,136715,81],{"class":80},[74,136717,85],{"class":84},[74,136719,388],{"class":80},[74,136721,114],{"class":106},[74,136723,885],{"class":110},[74,136725,8299],{"class":106},[74,136727,136728,136730,136732,136734,136736],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,136729,103],{"class":102},[74,136731,107],{"class":106},[74,136733,111],{"class":110},[74,136735,3311],{"class":106},[74,136737,135857],{"class":3314},[262,136739,571,136741,136743],{"id":136740},"using-lower-on-a-non-string-value",[15,136742,855],{}," on a non-string value",[20,136745,136746,136748],{},[15,136747,855],{}," only works on strings.",[20,136750,16302],{},[65,136752,136754],{"className":67,"code":136753,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"number = 123\nprint(number.lower())\n",[15,136755,136756,136764],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,136757,136758,136760,136762],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,136759,1859],{"class":80},[74,136761,85],{"class":84},[74,136763,124503],{"class":167},[74,136765,136766,136768,136770,136772,136774,136776],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,136767,103],{"class":102},[74,136769,107],{"class":106},[74,136771,1881],{"class":110},[74,136773,114],{"class":106},[74,136775,885],{"class":110},[74,136777,6848],{"class":106},[20,136779,136780,136781,33258],{},"This causes an error because integers do not have a ",[15,136782,855],{},[20,136784,136785],{},"You can check the type first:",[65,136787,136789],{"className":67,"code":136788,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"HELLO\"\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,136790,136791,136803,136807,136821],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,136792,136793,136795,136797,136799,136801],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,136794,81],{"class":80},[74,136796,85],{"class":84},[74,136798,89],{"class":88},[74,136800,135845],{"class":92},[74,136802,96],{"class":88},[74,136804,136805],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,136806,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,136808,136809,136811,136813,136815,136817,136819],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,136810,103],{"class":102},[74,136812,107],{"class":106},[74,136814,1346],{"class":1345},[74,136816,107],{"class":106},[74,136818,111],{"class":110},[74,136820,130],{"class":106},[74,136822,136823,136825,136827,136829,136831,136833],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,136824,103],{"class":102},[74,136826,107],{"class":106},[74,136828,111],{"class":110},[74,136830,114],{"class":106},[74,136832,885],{"class":110},[74,136834,6848],{"class":106},[262,136836,136838],{"id":136837},"comparing-text-without-normalizing-case","Comparing text without normalizing case",[20,136840,136841],{},"This can cause unexpected results:",[65,136843,136845],{"className":67,"code":136844,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\nelse:\n    print(\"No match\")\n",[15,136846,136847,136860,136864,136881,136896,136902],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,136848,136849,136851,136853,136855,136858],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,136850,136064],{"class":80},[74,136852,85],{"class":84},[74,136854,89],{"class":88},[74,136856,136857],{"class":92},"Yes",[74,136859,96],{"class":88},[74,136861,136862],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,136863,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,136865,136866,136868,136871,136873,136875,136877,136879],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,136867,6651],{"class":3529},[74,136869,136870],{"class":80}," answer ",[74,136872,4339],{"class":84},[74,136874,89],{"class":88},[74,136876,8314],{"class":92},[74,136878,122],{"class":88},[74,136880,6046],{"class":106},[74,136882,136883,136885,136887,136889,136892,136894],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,136884,7726],{"class":102},[74,136886,107],{"class":106},[74,136888,122],{"class":88},[74,136890,136891],{"class":92},"Match",[74,136893,122],{"class":88},[74,136895,260],{"class":106},[74,136897,136898,136900],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,136899,27088],{"class":3529},[74,136901,6046],{"class":106},[74,136903,136904,136906,136908,136910,136913,136915],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,136905,7726],{"class":102},[74,136907,107],{"class":106},[74,136909,122],{"class":88},[74,136911,136912],{"class":92},"No match",[74,136914,122],{"class":88},[74,136916,260],{"class":106},[20,136918,28716,136919,51,136922,136925,136926,114],{},[15,136920,136921],{},"\"Yes\"",[15,136923,136924],{},"\"yes\""," are different strings, this prints ",[15,136927,136912],{},[20,136929,136930],{},"Better:",[65,136932,136934],{"className":67,"code":136933,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\n",[15,136935,136936,136948,136952,136974],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,136937,136938,136940,136942,136944,136946],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,136939,136064],{"class":80},[74,136941,85],{"class":84},[74,136943,89],{"class":88},[74,136945,136857],{"class":92},[74,136947,96],{"class":88},[74,136949,136950],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,136951,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,136953,136954,136956,136958,136960,136962,136964,136966,136968,136970,136972],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,136955,6651],{"class":3529},[74,136957,136084],{"class":80},[74,136959,114],{"class":106},[74,136961,885],{"class":110},[74,136963,7020],{"class":106},[74,136965,6061],{"class":84},[74,136967,89],{"class":88},[74,136969,8314],{"class":92},[74,136971,122],{"class":88},[74,136973,6046],{"class":106},[74,136975,136976,136978,136980,136982,136984,136986],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,136977,7726],{"class":102},[74,136979,107],{"class":106},[74,136981,122],{"class":88},[74,136983,136891],{"class":92},[74,136985,122],{"class":88},[74,136987,260],{"class":106},[262,136989,43867,136991,136994],{"id":136990},"when-casefold-may-be-better",[15,136992,136993],{},"casefold()"," may be better",[20,136996,136997,136998,137000],{},"For most beginner examples, ",[15,136999,855],{}," is enough.",[20,137002,137003,137004,137006,137007,114],{},"But for advanced Unicode case-insensitive matching, ",[15,137005,136993],{}," can be stronger than ",[15,137008,855],{},[20,137010,137011,137012,122232],{},"For everyday beginner tasks like input checking and simple comparisons, ",[15,137013,855],{},[60,137015,137017,10243,137019],{"id":137016},"lower-vs-upper",[15,137018,855],{},[15,137020,127699],{},[20,137022,137023,51,137025,137027],{},[15,137024,855],{},[15,137026,127699],{}," are very similar.",[30,137029,137030,137035,137040,137043],{},[33,137031,137032,137034],{},[15,137033,855],{}," changes letters to lowercase",[33,137036,137037,137039],{},[15,137038,127699],{}," changes letters to uppercase",[33,137041,137042],{},"Both return new strings",[33,137044,137045],{},"Both leave the original string unchanged unless you reassign the result",[20,137047,506],{},[65,137049,137051],{"className":67,"code":137050,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower())  # hello world\nprint(text.upper())  # HELLO WORLD\n",[15,137052,137053,137065,137069,137085],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,137054,137055,137057,137059,137061,137063],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,137056,81],{"class":80},[74,137058,85],{"class":84},[74,137060,89],{"class":88},[74,137062,128540],{"class":92},[74,137064,96],{"class":88},[74,137066,137067],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,137068,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,137070,137071,137073,137075,137077,137079,137081,137083],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,137072,103],{"class":102},[74,137074,107],{"class":106},[74,137076,111],{"class":110},[74,137078,114],{"class":106},[74,137080,885],{"class":110},[74,137082,135854],{"class":106},[74,137084,135752],{"class":3314},[74,137086,137087,137089,137091,137093,137095,137097,137099],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,137088,103],{"class":102},[74,137090,107],{"class":106},[74,137092,111],{"class":110},[74,137094,114],{"class":106},[74,137096,34136],{"class":110},[74,137098,135854],{"class":106},[74,137100,137101],{"class":3314},"  # HELLO WORLD\n",[20,137103,137104,137105,114],{},"If you want the opposite conversion, see the ",[125,137106,125821,137108,10399],{"href":137107},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method\u002F",[15,137109,127699],{},[60,137111,1471],{"id":1470},[262,137113,1517,137115,1478],{"id":137114},"does-lower-change-the-original-string",[15,137116,855],{},[20,137118,137119],{},"No. It returns a new lowercase string. Reassign it if needed.",[262,137121,1517,137123,137125],{"id":137122},"does-lower-take-any-arguments",[15,137124,855],{}," take any arguments?",[20,137127,137128,137129,114],{},"No. The method is called as ",[15,137130,137131],{},"string.lower()",[262,137133,1495,137135,12374],{"id":137134},"what-does-lower-return",[15,137136,855],{},[20,137138,137139],{},"It returns a new string with lowercase letters.",[262,137141,27983,137143,137145],{"id":137142},"can-i-use-lower-on-user-input",[15,137144,855],{}," on user input?",[20,137147,137148,137149,137151],{},"Yes. It is commonly used with ",[15,137150,2601],{}," to compare answers without case problems.",[262,137153,4828,137155,51,137157,2135],{"id":137154},"what-is-the-difference-between-lower-and-casefold",[15,137156,855],{},[15,137158,136993],{},[20,137160,137161,137163,137164,137166],{},[15,137162,855],{}," is simpler and common for beginners. ",[15,137165,136993],{}," is stronger for some Unicode case-insensitive comparisons.",[60,137168,1527],{"id":1526},[30,137170,137171,137175,137181,137187,137193,137197,137201,137207],{},[33,137172,137173],{},[125,137174,50628],{"href":50627},[33,137176,137177],{},[125,137178,125821,137179,10399],{"href":137107},[15,137180,127699],{},[33,137182,137183],{},[125,137184,125821,137185,10399],{"href":136391},[15,137186,41308],{},[33,137188,137189],{},[125,137190,125821,137191,10399],{"href":129402},[15,137192,1310],{},[33,137194,137195],{},[125,137196,1557],{"href":348},[33,137198,137199],{},[125,137200,90319],{"href":89329},[33,137202,137203],{},[125,137204,3223,137205,3156],{"href":7877},[15,137206,2601],{},[33,137208,137209],{},[125,137210,137211],{"href":135792},"What is a string in Python?",[1566,137213,137214],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":70,"searchDepth":99,"depth":99,"links":137216},[137217,137219,137220,137221,137222,137223,137224,137233,137235,137247],{"id":135762,"depth":99,"text":137218},"What lower() does",{"id":226,"depth":99,"text":227},{"id":356,"depth":99,"text":357},{"id":304,"depth":99,"text":305},{"id":136211,"depth":99,"text":136212},{"id":15253,"depth":99,"text":15254},{"id":913,"depth":99,"text":914,"children":137225},[137226,137227,137228,137230,137231],{"id":25343,"depth":133,"text":25344},{"id":136646,"depth":133,"text":136647},{"id":136740,"depth":133,"text":137229},"Using lower() on a non-string value",{"id":136837,"depth":133,"text":136838},{"id":136990,"depth":133,"text":137232},"When casefold() may be better",{"id":137016,"depth":99,"text":137234},"lower() vs upper()",{"id":1470,"depth":99,"text":1471,"children":137236},[137237,137239,137241,137243,137245],{"id":137114,"depth":133,"text":137238},"Does lower() change the original string?",{"id":137122,"depth":133,"text":137240},"Does lower() take any arguments?",{"id":137134,"depth":133,"text":137242},"What does lower() return?",{"id":137142,"depth":133,"text":137244},"Can I use lower() on user input?",{"id":137154,"depth":133,"text":137246},"What is the difference between lower() and casefold()?",{"id":1526,"depth":99,"text":1527},"Master python string lower method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method",{"title":135679,"description":137248},"reference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method","Aspap5dswZ0jaW6T8G5ZAbmL8ux0eq3khybJYFtYHM8",{"id":137255,"title":137256,"body":137257,"description":138807,"extension":1610,"meta":138808,"navigation":407,"path":138809,"seo":138810,"stem":138811,"__hash__":138812},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method.md","Python String replace() Method",{"type":7,"value":137258,"toc":138768},[137259,137264,137269,137275,137290,137292,137352,137354,137363,137369,137374,137379,137381,137395,137399,137401,137448,137450,137468,137470,137473,137544,137546,137560,137563,137575,137584,137588,137593,137598,137602,137668,137670,137679,137683,137748,137750,137759,137762,137767,137771,137776,137780,137841,137843,137852,137856,137859,137915,137917,137926,137929,137942,137944,137948,137955,138017,138019,138032,138038,138041,138048,138053,138058,138061,138069,138071,138132,138134,138143,138146,138193,138196,138243,138245,138250,138267,138274,138279,138332,138334,138342,138344,138401,138403,138411,138415,138462,138464,138472,138480,138484,138532,138534,138543,138548,138599,138601,138610,138617,138620,138641,138643,138648,138651,138655,138658,138662,138665,138692,138698,138701,138728,138733,138735,138737,138765],[10,137260,13,137262,18],{"id":137261},"python-string-replace-method",[15,137263,1310],{},[20,137265,22,137266,137268],{},[15,137267,1310],{}," method lets you change text inside a string.",[20,137270,137271,137272,137274],{},"This is a beginner-friendly reference page for ",[15,137273,1310],{},". You will learn:",[30,137276,137277,137281,137284,137287],{},[33,137278,35,137279,38],{},[15,137280,1310],{},[33,137282,137283],{},"how its syntax works",[33,137285,137286],{},"how to replace all matches or only some matches",[33,137288,137289],{},"common mistakes to avoid",[60,137291,63],{"id":62},[65,137293,137295],{"className":67,"code":137294,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,137296,137297,137310,137342],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,137298,137299,137301,137303,137305,137308],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,137300,81],{"class":80},[74,137302,85],{"class":84},[74,137304,89],{"class":88},[74,137306,137307],{"class":92},"I like cats",[74,137309,96],{"class":88},[74,137311,137312,137314,137316,137318,137320,137322,137324,137326,137329,137331,137333,137335,137338,137340],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,137313,129660],{"class":80},[74,137315,85],{"class":84},[74,137317,388],{"class":80},[74,137319,114],{"class":106},[74,137321,34656],{"class":110},[74,137323,107],{"class":106},[74,137325,122],{"class":88},[74,137327,137328],{"class":92},"cats",[74,137330,122],{"class":88},[74,137332,249],{"class":106},[74,137334,89],{"class":88},[74,137336,137337],{"class":92},"dogs",[74,137339,122],{"class":88},[74,137341,260],{"class":106},[74,137343,137344,137346,137348,137350],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,137345,103],{"class":102},[74,137347,107],{"class":106},[74,137349,129691],{"class":110},[74,137351,260],{"class":106},[20,137353,157],{},[65,137355,137357],{"className":67,"code":137356,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"I like dogs\n",[15,137358,137359],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,137360,137361],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,137362,137356],{"class":80},[20,137364,176,137365,137368],{},[15,137366,137367],{},"replace(old, new)"," to return a new string with matching text changed. The original string is not modified.",[60,137370,3328,137372,38],{"id":137371},"what-replace-does",[15,137373,1310],{},[20,137375,137376,137378],{},[15,137377,1310],{}," changes matching text inside a string.",[20,137380,195],{},[30,137382,137383,137385,137387,137390],{},[33,137384,133069],{},[33,137386,135787],{},[33,137388,137389],{},"It works on exact matches",[33,137391,137392,137393],{},"It replaces all matches unless you limit it with ",[15,137394,117],{},[20,137396,124573,137397,114],{},[125,137398,124576],{"href":50627},[60,137400,5081],{"id":5080},[65,137402,137404],{"className":67,"code":137403,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"string.replace(old, new)\nstring.replace(old, new, count)\n",[15,137405,137406,137426],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,137407,137408,137410,137412,137414,137416,137419,137421,137424],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,137409,237],{"class":80},[74,137411,114],{"class":106},[74,137413,34656],{"class":110},[74,137415,107],{"class":106},[74,137417,137418],{"class":110},"old",[74,137420,249],{"class":106},[74,137422,137423],{"class":110}," new",[74,137425,260],{"class":106},[74,137427,137428,137430,137432,137434,137436,137438,137440,137442,137444,137446],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,137429,237],{"class":80},[74,137431,114],{"class":106},[74,137433,34656],{"class":110},[74,137435,107],{"class":106},[74,137437,137418],{"class":110},[74,137439,249],{"class":106},[74,137441,137423],{"class":110},[74,137443,249],{"class":106},[74,137445,49254],{"class":110},[74,137447,260],{"class":106},[262,137449,265],{"id":264},[30,137451,137452,137457,137463],{},[33,137453,137454,137456],{},[15,137455,137418],{}," = the text to find",[33,137458,137459,137462],{},[15,137460,137461],{},"new"," = the replacement text",[33,137464,137465,137467],{},[15,137466,117],{}," = optional number that limits how many matches are replaced",[60,137469,5438],{"id":5437},[20,137471,137472],{},"Here is a simple example that replaces one word with another:",[65,137474,137476],{"className":67,"code":137475,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\n\nprint(text)\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,137477,137478,137490,137520,137524,137534],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,137479,137480,137482,137484,137486,137488],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,137481,81],{"class":80},[74,137483,85],{"class":84},[74,137485,89],{"class":88},[74,137487,137307],{"class":92},[74,137489,96],{"class":88},[74,137491,137492,137494,137496,137498,137500,137502,137504,137506,137508,137510,137512,137514,137516,137518],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,137493,129660],{"class":80},[74,137495,85],{"class":84},[74,137497,388],{"class":80},[74,137499,114],{"class":106},[74,137501,34656],{"class":110},[74,137503,107],{"class":106},[74,137505,122],{"class":88},[74,137507,137328],{"class":92},[74,137509,122],{"class":88},[74,137511,249],{"class":106},[74,137513,89],{"class":88},[74,137515,137337],{"class":92},[74,137517,122],{"class":88},[74,137519,260],{"class":106},[74,137521,137522],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,137523,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,137525,137526,137528,137530,137532],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,137527,103],{"class":102},[74,137529,107],{"class":106},[74,137531,111],{"class":110},[74,137533,260],{"class":106},[74,137535,137536,137538,137540,137542],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,137537,103],{"class":102},[74,137539,107],{"class":106},[74,137541,129691],{"class":110},[74,137543,260],{"class":106},[20,137545,157],{},[65,137547,137549],{"className":67,"code":137548,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"I like cats\nI like dogs\n",[15,137550,137551,137556],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,137552,137553],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,137554,137555],{"class":80},"I like cats\n",[74,137557,137558],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,137559,137356],{"class":80},[20,137561,137562],{},"Notice what happened:",[30,137564,137565,137570],{},[33,137566,137567,137569],{},[15,137568,111],{}," did not change",[33,137571,137572,137574],{},[15,137573,129691],{}," contains the updated value",[20,137576,137577,137578,137580,137581,137583],{},"This happens because strings are ",[332,137579,136456],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change a string in place. Methods like ",[15,137582,1310],{}," return a new string instead.",[60,137585,137587],{"id":137586},"replace-only-the-first-matches","Replace only the first matches",[20,137589,89338,137590,137592],{},[15,137591,1310],{}," changes every matching part of the string.",[20,137594,137595,137596,36278],{},"If you only want to replace the first 1 or 2 matches, use the optional ",[15,137597,117],{},[262,137599,137601],{"id":137600},"replace-only-the-first-match","Replace only the first match",[65,137603,137605],{"className":67,"code":137604,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 1)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137606,137607,137620,137654,137658],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,137608,137609,137611,137613,137615,137618],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,137610,81],{"class":80},[74,137612,85],{"class":84},[74,137614,89],{"class":88},[74,137616,137617],{"class":92},"cat cat cat",[74,137619,96],{"class":88},[74,137621,137622,137624,137626,137628,137630,137632,137634,137636,137638,137640,137642,137644,137646,137648,137650,137652],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,137623,383],{"class":80},[74,137625,85],{"class":84},[74,137627,388],{"class":80},[74,137629,114],{"class":106},[74,137631,34656],{"class":110},[74,137633,107],{"class":106},[74,137635,122],{"class":88},[74,137637,486],{"class":92},[74,137639,122],{"class":88},[74,137641,249],{"class":106},[74,137643,89],{"class":88},[74,137645,57778],{"class":92},[74,137647,122],{"class":88},[74,137649,249],{"class":106},[74,137651,5148],{"class":167},[74,137653,260],{"class":106},[74,137655,137656],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,137657,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,137659,137660,137662,137664,137666],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,137661,103],{"class":102},[74,137663,107],{"class":106},[74,137665,418],{"class":110},[74,137667,260],{"class":106},[20,137669,157],{},[65,137671,137673],{"className":67,"code":137672,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"dog cat cat\n",[15,137674,137675],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,137676,137677],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,137678,137672],{"class":80},[262,137680,137682],{"id":137681},"replace-only-the-first-2-matches","Replace only the first 2 matches",[65,137684,137686],{"className":67,"code":137685,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137687,137688,137700,137734,137738],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,137689,137690,137692,137694,137696,137698],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,137691,81],{"class":80},[74,137693,85],{"class":84},[74,137695,89],{"class":88},[74,137697,137617],{"class":92},[74,137699,96],{"class":88},[74,137701,137702,137704,137706,137708,137710,137712,137714,137716,137718,137720,137722,137724,137726,137728,137730,137732],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,137703,383],{"class":80},[74,137705,85],{"class":84},[74,137707,388],{"class":80},[74,137709,114],{"class":106},[74,137711,34656],{"class":110},[74,137713,107],{"class":106},[74,137715,122],{"class":88},[74,137717,486],{"class":92},[74,137719,122],{"class":88},[74,137721,249],{"class":106},[74,137723,89],{"class":88},[74,137725,57778],{"class":92},[74,137727,122],{"class":88},[74,137729,249],{"class":106},[74,137731,620],{"class":167},[74,137733,260],{"class":106},[74,137735,137736],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,137737,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,137739,137740,137742,137744,137746],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,137741,103],{"class":102},[74,137743,107],{"class":106},[74,137745,418],{"class":110},[74,137747,260],{"class":106},[20,137749,157],{},[65,137751,137753],{"className":67,"code":137752,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"dog dog cat\n",[15,137754,137755],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,137756,137757],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,137758,137752],{"class":80},[20,137760,137761],{},"This is useful when you do not want to replace every match in the string.",[20,137763,137764,137765,114],{},"For more practical examples, see ",[125,137766,127545],{"href":1307},[60,137768,137770],{"id":137769},"replacing-characters-and-spaces","Replacing characters and spaces",[20,137772,137773,137775],{},[15,137774,1310],{}," can also change single characters.",[262,137777,137779],{"id":137778},"replace-one-character","Replace one character",[65,137781,137783],{"className":67,"code":137782,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = text.replace(\"a\", \"o\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137784,137785,137797,137827,137831],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,137786,137787,137789,137791,137793,137795],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,137788,81],{"class":80},[74,137790,85],{"class":84},[74,137792,89],{"class":88},[74,137794,93],{"class":92},[74,137796,96],{"class":88},[74,137798,137799,137801,137803,137805,137807,137809,137811,137813,137815,137817,137819,137821,137823,137825],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,137800,383],{"class":80},[74,137802,85],{"class":84},[74,137804,388],{"class":80},[74,137806,114],{"class":106},[74,137808,34656],{"class":110},[74,137810,107],{"class":106},[74,137812,122],{"class":88},[74,137814,125],{"class":92},[74,137816,122],{"class":88},[74,137818,249],{"class":106},[74,137820,89],{"class":88},[74,137822,60121],{"class":92},[74,137824,122],{"class":88},[74,137826,260],{"class":106},[74,137828,137829],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,137830,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,137832,137833,137835,137837,137839],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,137834,103],{"class":102},[74,137836,107],{"class":106},[74,137838,418],{"class":110},[74,137840,260],{"class":106},[20,137842,157],{},[65,137844,137846],{"className":67,"code":137845,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"bonono\n",[15,137847,137848],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,137849,137850],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,137851,137845],{"class":80},[262,137853,137855],{"id":137854},"remove-spaces","Remove spaces",[20,137857,137858],{},"You can remove text by replacing it with an empty string:",[65,137860,137862],{"className":67,"code":137861,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"a b c\"\nresult = text.replace(\" \", \"\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137863,137864,137877,137901,137905],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,137865,137866,137868,137870,137872,137875],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,137867,81],{"class":80},[74,137869,85],{"class":84},[74,137871,89],{"class":88},[74,137873,137874],{"class":92},"a b c",[74,137876,96],{"class":88},[74,137878,137879,137881,137883,137885,137887,137889,137891,137893,137895,137897,137899],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,137880,383],{"class":80},[74,137882,85],{"class":84},[74,137884,388],{"class":80},[74,137886,114],{"class":106},[74,137888,34656],{"class":110},[74,137890,107],{"class":106},[74,137892,122],{"class":88},[74,137894,89],{"class":88},[74,137896,249],{"class":106},[74,137898,5778],{"class":88},[74,137900,260],{"class":106},[74,137902,137903],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,137904,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,137906,137907,137909,137911,137913],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,137908,103],{"class":102},[74,137910,107],{"class":106},[74,137912,418],{"class":110},[74,137914,260],{"class":106},[20,137916,157],{},[65,137918,137920],{"className":67,"code":137919,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"abc\n",[15,137921,137922],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,137923,137924],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,137925,137919],{"class":80},[20,137927,137928],{},"This is useful for simple cleanup tasks.",[20,137930,137931,137932,137936,137937,137941],{},"If you need to split text into parts instead of replacing it, see the ",[125,137933,125821,137934,10399],{"href":128508},[15,137935,60179],{},". If you only want to remove spaces at the beginning or end, the ",[125,137938,125821,137939,10399],{"href":136391},[15,137940,41308],{}," is often a better choice.",[60,137943,769],{"id":768},[20,137945,137946,567],{},[15,137947,1310],{},[20,137949,126866,137950,51,137952,126873],{},[15,137951,112674],{},[15,137953,137954],{},"\"Cat\"",[65,137956,137958],{"className":67,"code":137957,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"Cat cat CAT\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137959,137960,137973,138003,138007],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,137961,137962,137964,137966,137968,137971],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,137963,81],{"class":80},[74,137965,85],{"class":84},[74,137967,89],{"class":88},[74,137969,137970],{"class":92},"Cat cat CAT",[74,137972,96],{"class":88},[74,137974,137975,137977,137979,137981,137983,137985,137987,137989,137991,137993,137995,137997,137999,138001],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,137976,383],{"class":80},[74,137978,85],{"class":84},[74,137980,388],{"class":80},[74,137982,114],{"class":106},[74,137984,34656],{"class":110},[74,137986,107],{"class":106},[74,137988,122],{"class":88},[74,137990,486],{"class":92},[74,137992,122],{"class":88},[74,137994,249],{"class":106},[74,137996,89],{"class":88},[74,137998,57778],{"class":92},[74,138000,122],{"class":88},[74,138002,260],{"class":106},[74,138004,138005],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,138006,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,138008,138009,138011,138013,138015],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,138010,103],{"class":102},[74,138012,107],{"class":106},[74,138014,418],{"class":110},[74,138016,260],{"class":106},[20,138018,157],{},[65,138020,138022],{"className":67,"code":138021,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"Cat dog CAT\n",[15,138023,138024],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,138025,138026,138029],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,138027,138028],{"class":80},"Cat dog ",[74,138030,138031],{"class":34111},"CAT\n",[20,138033,138034,138035,138037],{},"Only the lowercase ",[15,138036,112674],{}," was replaced.",[20,138039,138040],{},"This is a common beginner problem. If your replacement is not happening, check the letter case carefully.",[20,138042,138043,138044,114],{},"In some cases, converting text first can help. For example, see the ",[125,138045,125821,138046,10399],{"href":852},[15,138047,855],{},[60,138049,3328,138051,11363],{"id":138050},"what-replace-returns",[15,138052,1310],{},[20,138054,138055,138057],{},[15,138056,1310],{}," returns a new string.",[20,138059,138060],{},"If no match is found:",[30,138062,138063,138066],{},[33,138064,138065],{},"no error happens",[33,138067,138068],{},"the returned string has the same content as the original",[20,138070,506],{},[65,138072,138074],{"className":67,"code":138073,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"hello\"\nresult = text.replace(\"x\", \"y\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138075,138076,138088,138118,138122],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,138077,138078,138080,138082,138084,138086],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,138079,81],{"class":80},[74,138081,85],{"class":84},[74,138083,89],{"class":88},[74,138085,3497],{"class":92},[74,138087,96],{"class":88},[74,138089,138090,138092,138094,138096,138098,138100,138102,138104,138106,138108,138110,138112,138114,138116],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,138091,383],{"class":80},[74,138093,85],{"class":84},[74,138095,388],{"class":80},[74,138097,114],{"class":106},[74,138099,34656],{"class":110},[74,138101,107],{"class":106},[74,138103,122],{"class":88},[74,138105,1816],{"class":92},[74,138107,122],{"class":88},[74,138109,249],{"class":106},[74,138111,89],{"class":88},[74,138113,11403],{"class":92},[74,138115,122],{"class":88},[74,138117,260],{"class":106},[74,138119,138120],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,138121,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,138123,138124,138126,138128,138130],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,138125,103],{"class":102},[74,138127,107],{"class":106},[74,138129,418],{"class":110},[74,138131,260],{"class":106},[20,138133,157],{},[65,138135,138137],{"className":67,"code":138136,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"hello\n",[15,138138,138139],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,138140,138141],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,138142,138136],{"class":80},[20,138144,138145],{},"Usually, you either store the result in a new variable:",[65,138147,138149],{"className":67,"code":138148,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"hello world\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,138150,138151,138163],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,138152,138153,138155,138157,138159,138161],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,138154,81],{"class":80},[74,138156,85],{"class":84},[74,138158,89],{"class":88},[74,138160,60054],{"class":92},[74,138162,96],{"class":88},[74,138164,138165,138167,138169,138171,138173,138175,138177,138179,138181,138183,138185,138187,138189,138191],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,138166,129660],{"class":80},[74,138168,85],{"class":84},[74,138170,388],{"class":80},[74,138172,114],{"class":106},[74,138174,34656],{"class":110},[74,138176,107],{"class":106},[74,138178,122],{"class":88},[74,138180,60239],{"class":92},[74,138182,122],{"class":88},[74,138184,249],{"class":106},[74,138186,89],{"class":88},[74,138188,6951],{"class":92},[74,138190,122],{"class":88},[74,138192,260],{"class":106},[20,138194,138195],{},"Or reassign it to the same variable:",[65,138197,138199],{"className":67,"code":138198,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"hello world\"\ntext = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,138200,138201,138213],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,138202,138203,138205,138207,138209,138211],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,138204,81],{"class":80},[74,138206,85],{"class":84},[74,138208,89],{"class":88},[74,138210,60054],{"class":92},[74,138212,96],{"class":88},[74,138214,138215,138217,138219,138221,138223,138225,138227,138229,138231,138233,138235,138237,138239,138241],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,138216,81],{"class":80},[74,138218,85],{"class":84},[74,138220,388],{"class":80},[74,138222,114],{"class":106},[74,138224,34656],{"class":110},[74,138226,107],{"class":106},[74,138228,122],{"class":88},[74,138230,60239],{"class":92},[74,138232,122],{"class":88},[74,138234,249],{"class":106},[74,138236,89],{"class":88},[74,138238,6951],{"class":92},[74,138240,122],{"class":88},[74,138242,260],{"class":106},[60,138244,4170],{"id":4169},[20,138246,138247,138248,679],{},"Here are some common mistakes when using ",[15,138249,1310],{},[30,138251,138252,138255,138259,138262],{},[33,138253,138254],{},"Forgetting to save the returned string",[33,138256,923,138257,131041],{},[15,138258,1310],{},[33,138260,138261],{},"Using the wrong letter case",[33,138263,1123,138264,138266],{},[15,138265,1310],{}," with regex-based replacements",[262,138268,138270,138271,138273],{"id":138269},"mistake-calling-replace-without-assigning-the-result","Mistake: calling ",[15,138272,1310],{}," without assigning the result",[20,138275,138276,138277,679],{},"This does not update ",[15,138278,111],{},[65,138280,138282],{"className":67,"code":138281,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,138283,138284,138296,138322],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,138285,138286,138288,138290,138292,138294],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,138287,81],{"class":80},[74,138289,85],{"class":84},[74,138291,89],{"class":88},[74,138293,137307],{"class":92},[74,138295,96],{"class":88},[74,138297,138298,138300,138302,138304,138306,138308,138310,138312,138314,138316,138318,138320],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,138299,111],{"class":80},[74,138301,114],{"class":106},[74,138303,34656],{"class":110},[74,138305,107],{"class":106},[74,138307,122],{"class":88},[74,138309,137328],{"class":92},[74,138311,122],{"class":88},[74,138313,249],{"class":106},[74,138315,89],{"class":88},[74,138317,137337],{"class":92},[74,138319,122],{"class":88},[74,138321,260],{"class":106},[74,138323,138324,138326,138328,138330],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,138325,103],{"class":102},[74,138327,107],{"class":106},[74,138329,111],{"class":110},[74,138331,260],{"class":106},[20,138333,157],{},[65,138335,138336],{"className":67,"code":137555,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,138337,138338],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,138339,138340],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,138341,137555],{"class":80},[20,138343,1080],{},[65,138345,138347],{"className":67,"code":138346,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,138348,138349,138361,138391],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,138350,138351,138353,138355,138357,138359],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,138352,81],{"class":80},[74,138354,85],{"class":84},[74,138356,89],{"class":88},[74,138358,137307],{"class":92},[74,138360,96],{"class":88},[74,138362,138363,138365,138367,138369,138371,138373,138375,138377,138379,138381,138383,138385,138387,138389],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,138364,81],{"class":80},[74,138366,85],{"class":84},[74,138368,388],{"class":80},[74,138370,114],{"class":106},[74,138372,34656],{"class":110},[74,138374,107],{"class":106},[74,138376,122],{"class":88},[74,138378,137328],{"class":92},[74,138380,122],{"class":88},[74,138382,249],{"class":106},[74,138384,89],{"class":88},[74,138386,137337],{"class":92},[74,138388,122],{"class":88},[74,138390,260],{"class":106},[74,138392,138393,138395,138397,138399],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,138394,103],{"class":102},[74,138396,107],{"class":106},[74,138398,111],{"class":110},[74,138400,260],{"class":106},[20,138402,157],{},[65,138404,138405],{"className":67,"code":137356,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,138406,138407],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,138408,138409],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,138410,137356],{"class":80},[262,138412,138414],{"id":138413},"mistake-different-capitalization","Mistake: different capitalization",[65,138416,138418],{"className":67,"code":138417,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"Hello\"\nprint(text.replace(\"hello\", \"Hi\"))\n",[15,138419,138420,138432],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,138421,138422,138424,138426,138428,138430],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,138423,81],{"class":80},[74,138425,85],{"class":84},[74,138427,89],{"class":88},[74,138429,34524],{"class":92},[74,138431,96],{"class":88},[74,138433,138434,138436,138438,138440,138442,138444,138446,138448,138450,138452,138454,138456,138458,138460],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,138435,103],{"class":102},[74,138437,107],{"class":106},[74,138439,111],{"class":110},[74,138441,114],{"class":106},[74,138443,34656],{"class":110},[74,138445,107],{"class":106},[74,138447,122],{"class":88},[74,138449,3497],{"class":92},[74,138451,122],{"class":88},[74,138453,249],{"class":106},[74,138455,89],{"class":88},[74,138457,89573],{"class":92},[74,138459,122],{"class":88},[74,138461,130],{"class":106},[20,138463,157],{},[65,138465,138466],{"className":67,"code":88586,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,138467,138468],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,138469,138470],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,138471,88586],{"class":80},[20,138473,138474,138475,51,138477,138479],{},"Nothing changed because ",[15,138476,791],{},[15,138478,794],{}," are not the same.",[262,138481,138483],{"id":138482},"mistake-expecting-only-one-match-to-change","Mistake: expecting only one match to change",[65,138485,138487],{"className":67,"code":138486,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\"))\n",[15,138488,138489,138502],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,138490,138491,138493,138495,138497,138500],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,138492,81],{"class":80},[74,138494,85],{"class":84},[74,138496,89],{"class":88},[74,138498,138499],{"class":92},"red red red",[74,138501,96],{"class":88},[74,138503,138504,138506,138508,138510,138512,138514,138516,138518,138520,138522,138524,138526,138528,138530],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,138505,103],{"class":102},[74,138507,107],{"class":106},[74,138509,111],{"class":110},[74,138511,114],{"class":106},[74,138513,34656],{"class":110},[74,138515,107],{"class":106},[74,138517,122],{"class":88},[74,138519,12749],{"class":92},[74,138521,122],{"class":88},[74,138523,249],{"class":106},[74,138525,89],{"class":88},[74,138527,12766],{"class":92},[74,138529,122],{"class":88},[74,138531,130],{"class":106},[20,138533,157],{},[65,138535,138537],{"className":67,"code":138536,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"blue blue blue\n",[15,138538,138539],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,138540,138541],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,138542,138536],{"class":80},[20,138544,138545,138546,679],{},"If you want only one replacement, use ",[15,138547,117],{},[65,138549,138551],{"className":67,"code":138550,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\", 1))\n",[15,138552,138553,138565],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,138554,138555,138557,138559,138561,138563],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,138556,81],{"class":80},[74,138558,85],{"class":84},[74,138560,89],{"class":88},[74,138562,138499],{"class":92},[74,138564,96],{"class":88},[74,138566,138567,138569,138571,138573,138575,138577,138579,138581,138583,138585,138587,138589,138591,138593,138595,138597],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,138568,103],{"class":102},[74,138570,107],{"class":106},[74,138572,111],{"class":110},[74,138574,114],{"class":106},[74,138576,34656],{"class":110},[74,138578,107],{"class":106},[74,138580,122],{"class":88},[74,138582,12749],{"class":92},[74,138584,122],{"class":88},[74,138586,249],{"class":106},[74,138588,89],{"class":88},[74,138590,12766],{"class":92},[74,138592,122],{"class":88},[74,138594,249],{"class":106},[74,138596,5148],{"class":167},[74,138598,130],{"class":106},[20,138600,157],{},[65,138602,138604],{"className":67,"code":138603,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"blue red red\n",[15,138605,138606],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,138607,138608],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,138609,138603],{"class":80},[262,138611,138613,138614,138616],{"id":138612},"mistake-using-replace-for-the-wrong-task","Mistake: using ",[15,138615,1310],{}," for the wrong task",[20,138618,138619],{},"Sometimes another method is a better fit:",[30,138621,138622,138629,138636],{},[33,138623,176,138624,138628],{},[125,138625,138626],{"href":128508},[15,138627,60179],{}," to break a string into a list",[33,138630,176,138631,138635],{},[125,138632,138633],{"href":136391},[15,138634,41308],{}," to remove whitespace from the start or end",[33,138637,176,138638,138640],{},[15,138639,1310],{}," for direct text replacement, not pattern matching",[60,138642,1471],{"id":1470},[262,138644,1517,138646,1478],{"id":138645},"does-replace-change-the-original-string",[15,138647,1310],{},[20,138649,138650],{},"No. It returns a new string. Strings in Python cannot be changed in place.",[262,138652,138654],{"id":138653},"what-happens-if-the-text-is-not-found","What happens if the text is not found?",[20,138656,138657],{},"No error is raised. The returned string will have the same content as the original.",[262,138659,138661],{"id":138660},"how-do-i-replace-only-the-first-match","How do I replace only the first match?",[20,138663,138664],{},"Use the third argument:",[65,138666,138668],{"className":67,"code":138667,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text.replace(old, new, 1)\n",[15,138669,138670],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,138671,138672,138674,138676,138678,138680,138682,138684,138686,138688,138690],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,138673,111],{"class":80},[74,138675,114],{"class":106},[74,138677,34656],{"class":110},[74,138679,107],{"class":106},[74,138681,137418],{"class":110},[74,138683,249],{"class":106},[74,138685,137423],{"class":110},[74,138687,249],{"class":106},[74,138689,5148],{"class":167},[74,138691,260],{"class":106},[262,138693,1507,138695,138697],{"id":138694},"can-replace-remove-text",[15,138696,1310],{}," remove text?",[20,138699,138700],{},"Yes. Replace the target text with an empty string:",[65,138702,138704],{"className":67,"code":138703,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text.replace(\"x\", \"\")\n",[15,138705,138706],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,138707,138708,138710,138712,138714,138716,138718,138720,138722,138724,138726],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,138709,111],{"class":80},[74,138711,114],{"class":106},[74,138713,34656],{"class":110},[74,138715,107],{"class":106},[74,138717,122],{"class":88},[74,138719,1816],{"class":92},[74,138721,122],{"class":88},[74,138723,249],{"class":106},[74,138725,5778],{"class":88},[74,138727,260],{"class":106},[262,138729,1485,138731,1488],{"id":138730},"is-replace-case-sensitive",[15,138732,1310],{},[20,138734,129350],{},[60,138736,1527],{"id":1526},[30,138738,138739,138743,138749,138755,138761],{},[33,138740,138741],{},[125,138742,1564],{"href":1307},[33,138744,138745],{},[125,138746,125821,138747,10399],{"href":128508},[15,138748,60179],{},[33,138750,138751],{},[125,138752,125821,138753,10399],{"href":136391},[15,138754,41308],{},[33,138756,138757],{},[125,138758,125821,138759,10399],{"href":852},[15,138760,855],{},[33,138762,138763],{},[125,138764,124576],{"href":50627},[1566,138766,138767],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":70,"searchDepth":99,"depth":99,"links":138769},[138770,138771,138773,138776,138777,138781,138785,138786,138788,138796,138806],{"id":62,"depth":99,"text":63},{"id":137371,"depth":99,"text":138772},"What replace() does",{"id":5080,"depth":99,"text":5081,"children":138774},[138775],{"id":264,"depth":133,"text":265},{"id":5437,"depth":99,"text":5438},{"id":137586,"depth":99,"text":137587,"children":138778},[138779,138780],{"id":137600,"depth":133,"text":137601},{"id":137681,"depth":133,"text":137682},{"id":137769,"depth":99,"text":137770,"children":138782},[138783,138784],{"id":137778,"depth":133,"text":137779},{"id":137854,"depth":133,"text":137855},{"id":768,"depth":99,"text":769},{"id":138050,"depth":99,"text":138787},"What replace() returns",{"id":4169,"depth":99,"text":4170,"children":138789},[138790,138792,138793,138794],{"id":138269,"depth":133,"text":138791},"Mistake: calling replace() without assigning the result",{"id":138413,"depth":133,"text":138414},{"id":138482,"depth":133,"text":138483},{"id":138612,"depth":133,"text":138795},"Mistake: using replace() for the wrong task",{"id":1470,"depth":99,"text":1471,"children":138797},[138798,138800,138801,138802,138804],{"id":138645,"depth":133,"text":138799},"Does replace() change the original string?",{"id":138653,"depth":133,"text":138654},{"id":138660,"depth":133,"text":138661},{"id":138694,"depth":133,"text":138803},"Can replace() remove text?",{"id":138730,"depth":133,"text":138805},"Is replace() case-sensitive?",{"id":1526,"depth":99,"text":1527},"Master python string replace method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method",{"title":137256,"description":138807},"reference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method","lYZLw0KoN3c2cS-3ldMsrOTghF8no1rzCHdzSFeQbp8",{"id":138814,"title":138815,"body":138816,"description":140835,"extension":1610,"meta":140836,"navigation":407,"path":140837,"seo":140838,"stem":140839,"__hash__":140840},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method.md","Python String split() Method",{"type":7,"value":138817,"toc":140799},[138818,138823,138828,138831,138842,138844,138899,138904,138909,138916,138918,138933,138935,138991,138993,139031,139036,139038,139062,139065,139078,139083,139085,139117,139119,139152,139158,139163,139166,139176,139179,139181,139237,139239,139289,139292,139300,139303,139359,139361,139434,139447,139455,139459,139470,139473,139476,139529,139531,139563,139566,139620,139622,139657,139660,139665,139670,139675,139678,139680,139738,139740,139774,139776,139791,139794,139796,139838,139840,139866,139871,139879,139882,139884,139966,139968,140019,140022,140033,140041,140043,140116,140118,140136,140140,140143,140147,140174,140176,140184,140188,140223,140225,140238,140242,140245,140284,140286,140303,140308,140313,140324,140327,140338,140340,140342,140368,140371,140420,140422,140439,140442,140444,140496,140498,140530,140533,140591,140596,140598,140603,140706,140708,140722,140724,140731,140736,140741,140746,140751,140756,140759,140763,140768,140770,140796],[10,138819,13,138821,18],{"id":138820},"python-string-split-method",[15,138822,60179],{},[20,138824,22,138825,138827],{},[15,138826,60179],{}," method breaks a string into smaller parts and returns those parts as a list.",[20,138829,138830],{},"Use it when you want to turn one string into multiple strings, such as:",[30,138832,138833,138836,138839],{},[33,138834,138835],{},"splitting a sentence into words",[33,138837,138838],{},"splitting comma-separated text",[33,138840,138841],{},"breaking simple structured text into pieces",[60,138843,63],{"id":62},[65,138845,138847],{"className":67,"code":138846,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\nprint(parts)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,138848,138849,138862,138884,138894],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,138850,138851,138853,138855,138857,138860],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,138852,81],{"class":80},[74,138854,85],{"class":84},[74,138856,89],{"class":88},[74,138858,138859],{"class":92},"apple,banana,cherry",[74,138861,96],{"class":88},[74,138863,138864,138866,138868,138870,138872,138874,138876,138878,138880,138882],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,138865,42492],{"class":80},[74,138867,85],{"class":84},[74,138869,388],{"class":80},[74,138871,114],{"class":106},[74,138873,34127],{"class":110},[74,138875,107],{"class":106},[74,138877,122],{"class":88},[74,138879,249],{"class":92},[74,138881,122],{"class":88},[74,138883,260],{"class":106},[74,138885,138886,138888,138890,138892],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,138887,103],{"class":102},[74,138889,107],{"class":106},[74,138891,42523],{"class":110},[74,138893,260],{"class":106},[74,138895,138896],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,138897,138898],{"class":3314},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[20,138900,176,138901,138903],{},[15,138902,60179],{}," when you want to turn one string into a list of smaller strings.",[60,138905,3328,138907,38],{"id":138906},"what-split-does",[15,138908,60179],{},[20,138910,138911,131869,138913,114],{},[15,138912,60179],{},[332,138914,138915],{},"string method",[20,138917,48579],{},[30,138919,138920,138923,138928],{},[33,138921,138922],{},"divides a string into parts",[33,138924,119292,138925],{},[332,138926,138927],{},"new list of strings",[33,138929,119298,138930,138932],{},[332,138931,334],{}," change the original string",[20,138934,506],{},[65,138936,138938],{"className":67,"code":138937,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"red blue green\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(text)\nprint(parts)\n",[15,138939,138940,138953,138967,138971,138981],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,138941,138942,138944,138946,138948,138951],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,138943,81],{"class":80},[74,138945,85],{"class":84},[74,138947,89],{"class":88},[74,138949,138950],{"class":92},"red blue green",[74,138952,96],{"class":88},[74,138954,138955,138957,138959,138961,138963,138965],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,138956,42492],{"class":80},[74,138958,85],{"class":84},[74,138960,388],{"class":80},[74,138962,114],{"class":106},[74,138964,34127],{"class":110},[74,138966,8299],{"class":106},[74,138968,138969],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,138970,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,138972,138973,138975,138977,138979],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,138974,103],{"class":102},[74,138976,107],{"class":106},[74,138978,111],{"class":110},[74,138980,260],{"class":106},[74,138982,138983,138985,138987,138989],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,138984,103],{"class":102},[74,138986,107],{"class":106},[74,138988,42523],{"class":110},[74,138990,260],{"class":106},[20,138992,157],{},[65,138994,138996],{"className":67,"code":138995,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"red blue green\n['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,138997,138998,139003],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,138999,139000],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,139001,139002],{"class":80},"red blue green\n",[74,139004,139005,139007,139009,139011,139013,139015,139017,139019,139021,139023,139025,139027,139029],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,139006,742],{"class":106},[74,139008,2946],{"class":88},[74,139010,12749],{"class":92},[74,139012,2946],{"class":88},[74,139014,249],{"class":106},[74,139016,2941],{"class":88},[74,139018,12766],{"class":92},[74,139020,2946],{"class":88},[74,139022,249],{"class":106},[74,139024,2941],{"class":88},[74,139026,17110],{"class":92},[74,139028,2946],{"class":88},[74,139030,3284],{"class":106},[20,139032,139033,139034,114],{},"If you are new to string methods, see ",[125,139035,124576],{"href":50627},[60,139037,227],{"id":226},[65,139039,139041],{"className":67,"code":139040,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"string.split(separator, maxsplit)\n",[15,139042,139043],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,139044,139045,139047,139049,139051,139053,139055,139057,139060],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,139046,237],{"class":80},[74,139048,114],{"class":106},[74,139050,34127],{"class":110},[74,139052,107],{"class":106},[74,139054,133225],{"class":110},[74,139056,249],{"class":106},[74,139058,139059],{"class":110}," maxsplit",[74,139061,260],{"class":106},[20,139063,139064],{},"Both arguments are optional:",[30,139066,139067,139072],{},[33,139068,139069,139071],{},[15,139070,133225],{}," tells Python where to split",[33,139073,139074,139077],{},[15,139075,139076],{},"maxsplit"," limits how many splits happen",[20,139079,1318,139080,139082],{},[15,139081,133225],{}," is not given, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,139084,506],{},[65,139086,139088],{"className":67,"code":139087,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"one two three\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,139089,139090,139103],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,139091,139092,139094,139096,139098,139101],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,139093,81],{"class":80},[74,139095,85],{"class":84},[74,139097,89],{"class":88},[74,139099,139100],{"class":92},"one two three",[74,139102,96],{"class":88},[74,139104,139105,139107,139109,139111,139113,139115],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,139106,103],{"class":102},[74,139108,107],{"class":106},[74,139110,111],{"class":110},[74,139112,114],{"class":106},[74,139114,34127],{"class":110},[74,139116,6848],{"class":106},[20,139118,157],{},[65,139120,139122],{"className":67,"code":139121,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"['one', 'two', 'three']\n",[15,139123,139124],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,139125,139126,139128,139130,139132,139134,139136,139138,139140,139142,139144,139146,139148,139150],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,139127,742],{"class":106},[74,139129,2946],{"class":88},[74,139131,543],{"class":92},[74,139133,2946],{"class":88},[74,139135,249],{"class":106},[74,139137,2941],{"class":88},[74,139139,78908],{"class":92},[74,139141,2946],{"class":88},[74,139143,249],{"class":106},[74,139145,2941],{"class":88},[74,139147,133707],{"class":92},[74,139149,2946],{"class":88},[74,139151,3284],{"class":106},[60,139153,571,139155,139157],{"id":139154},"using-split-with-no-separator",[15,139156,60179],{}," with no separator",[20,139159,69815,139160,139162],{},[15,139161,60179],{}," with no argument, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,139164,139165],{},"Whitespace includes:",[30,139167,139168,139170,139173],{},[33,139169,10109],{},[33,139171,139172],{},"tabs",[33,139174,139175],{},"new lines",[20,139177,139178],{},"Python also treats repeated whitespace as a single separator.",[20,139180,506],{},[65,139182,139184],{"className":67,"code":139183,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"Python   is\\tfun\\nand useful\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139185,139186,139209,139223,139227],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,139187,139188,139190,139192,139194,139197,139200,139202,139204,139207],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,139189,81],{"class":80},[74,139191,85],{"class":84},[74,139193,89],{"class":88},[74,139195,139196],{"class":92},"Python   is",[74,139198,139199],{"class":34111},"\\t",[74,139201,132961],{"class":92},[74,139203,86790],{"class":34111},[74,139205,139206],{"class":92},"and useful",[74,139208,96],{"class":88},[74,139210,139211,139213,139215,139217,139219,139221],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,139212,42492],{"class":80},[74,139214,85],{"class":84},[74,139216,388],{"class":80},[74,139218,114],{"class":106},[74,139220,34127],{"class":110},[74,139222,8299],{"class":106},[74,139224,139225],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,139226,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,139228,139229,139231,139233,139235],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,139230,103],{"class":102},[74,139232,107],{"class":106},[74,139234,42523],{"class":110},[74,139236,260],{"class":106},[20,139238,157],{},[65,139240,139242],{"className":67,"code":139241,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"['Python', 'is', 'fun', 'and', 'useful']\n",[15,139243,139244],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,139245,139246,139248,139250,139252,139254,139256,139258,139260,139262,139264,139266,139268,139270,139272,139274,139276,139278,139280,139282,139285,139287],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,139247,742],{"class":106},[74,139249,2946],{"class":88},[74,139251,6951],{"class":92},[74,139253,2946],{"class":88},[74,139255,249],{"class":106},[74,139257,2941],{"class":88},[74,139259,11852],{"class":92},[74,139261,2946],{"class":88},[74,139263,249],{"class":106},[74,139265,2941],{"class":88},[74,139267,132961],{"class":92},[74,139269,2946],{"class":88},[74,139271,249],{"class":106},[74,139273,2941],{"class":88},[74,139275,129586],{"class":92},[74,139277,2946],{"class":88},[74,139279,249],{"class":106},[74,139281,2941],{"class":88},[74,139283,139284],{"class":92},"useful",[74,139286,2946],{"class":88},[74,139288,3284],{"class":106},[20,139290,139291],{},"This is useful when you want simple word splitting.",[262,139293,139295,10243,139297],{"id":139294},"split-vs-split",[15,139296,60179],{},[15,139298,139299],{},"split(' ')",[20,139301,139302],{},"These are not the same.",[65,139304,139306],{"className":67,"code":139305,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"a  b   c\"\n\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(\" \"))\n",[15,139307,139308,139321,139325,139339],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,139309,139310,139312,139314,139316,139319],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,139311,81],{"class":80},[74,139313,85],{"class":84},[74,139315,89],{"class":88},[74,139317,139318],{"class":92},"a  b   c",[74,139320,96],{"class":88},[74,139322,139323],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,139324,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,139326,139327,139329,139331,139333,139335,139337],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,139328,103],{"class":102},[74,139330,107],{"class":106},[74,139332,111],{"class":110},[74,139334,114],{"class":106},[74,139336,34127],{"class":110},[74,139338,6848],{"class":106},[74,139340,139341,139343,139345,139347,139349,139351,139353,139355,139357],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,139342,103],{"class":102},[74,139344,107],{"class":106},[74,139346,111],{"class":110},[74,139348,114],{"class":106},[74,139350,34127],{"class":110},[74,139352,107],{"class":106},[74,139354,122],{"class":88},[74,139356,89],{"class":88},[74,139358,130],{"class":106},[20,139360,157],{},[65,139362,139364],{"className":67,"code":139363,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', '', 'b', '', '', 'c']\n",[15,139365,139366,139394],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,139367,139368,139370,139372,139374,139376,139378,139380,139382,139384,139386,139388,139390,139392],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,139369,742],{"class":106},[74,139371,2946],{"class":88},[74,139373,125],{"class":92},[74,139375,2946],{"class":88},[74,139377,249],{"class":106},[74,139379,2941],{"class":88},[74,139381,4412],{"class":92},[74,139383,2946],{"class":88},[74,139385,249],{"class":106},[74,139387,2941],{"class":88},[74,139389,9396],{"class":92},[74,139391,2946],{"class":88},[74,139393,3284],{"class":106},[74,139395,139396,139398,139400,139402,139404,139406,139408,139410,139412,139414,139416,139418,139420,139422,139424,139426,139428,139430,139432],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,139397,742],{"class":106},[74,139399,2946],{"class":88},[74,139401,125],{"class":92},[74,139403,2946],{"class":88},[74,139405,249],{"class":106},[74,139407,3490],{"class":88},[74,139409,249],{"class":106},[74,139411,2941],{"class":88},[74,139413,4412],{"class":92},[74,139415,2946],{"class":88},[74,139417,249],{"class":106},[74,139419,3490],{"class":88},[74,139421,249],{"class":106},[74,139423,3490],{"class":88},[74,139425,249],{"class":106},[74,139427,2941],{"class":88},[74,139429,9396],{"class":92},[74,139431,2946],{"class":88},[74,139433,3284],{"class":106},[30,139435,139436,139441],{},[33,139437,139438,139440],{},[15,139439,60179],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces",[33,139442,139443,139446],{},[15,139444,139445],{},"split(\" \")"," only splits on the space character and can create empty strings",[20,139448,139449,139450,139454],{},"If you need to clean extra spaces before or after text, ",[125,139451,125821,139452,10399],{"href":136391},[15,139453,41308],{}," is often useful.",[60,139456,139458],{"id":139457},"using-a-custom-separator","Using a custom separator",[20,139460,139461,139462,220,139465,1835,139467,114],{},"You can pass your own separator, such as ",[15,139463,139464],{},"\",\"",[15,139466,133060],{},[15,139468,139469],{},"\"::\"",[20,139471,139472],{},"Python splits only where that exact separator appears.",[20,139474,139475],{},"Example with commas:",[65,139477,139479],{"className":67,"code":139478,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139480,139481,139493,139515,139519],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,139482,139483,139485,139487,139489,139491],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,139484,81],{"class":80},[74,139486,85],{"class":84},[74,139488,89],{"class":88},[74,139490,138859],{"class":92},[74,139492,96],{"class":88},[74,139494,139495,139497,139499,139501,139503,139505,139507,139509,139511,139513],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,139496,42492],{"class":80},[74,139498,85],{"class":84},[74,139500,388],{"class":80},[74,139502,114],{"class":106},[74,139504,34127],{"class":110},[74,139506,107],{"class":106},[74,139508,122],{"class":88},[74,139510,249],{"class":92},[74,139512,122],{"class":88},[74,139514,260],{"class":106},[74,139516,139517],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,139518,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,139520,139521,139523,139525,139527],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,139522,103],{"class":102},[74,139524,107],{"class":106},[74,139526,42523],{"class":110},[74,139528,260],{"class":106},[20,139530,157],{},[65,139532,139533],{"className":67,"code":78087,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,139534,139535],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,139536,139537,139539,139541,139543,139545,139547,139549,139551,139553,139555,139557,139559,139561],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,139538,742],{"class":106},[74,139540,2946],{"class":88},[74,139542,376],{"class":92},[74,139544,2946],{"class":88},[74,139546,249],{"class":106},[74,139548,2941],{"class":88},[74,139550,93],{"class":92},[74,139552,2946],{"class":88},[74,139554,249],{"class":106},[74,139556,2941],{"class":88},[74,139558,3747],{"class":92},[74,139560,2946],{"class":88},[74,139562,3284],{"class":106},[20,139564,139565],{},"Example with a longer separator:",[65,139567,139569],{"className":67,"code":139568,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"2024::10::31\"\nparts = text.split(\"::\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139570,139571,139584,139606,139610],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,139572,139573,139575,139577,139579,139582],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,139574,81],{"class":80},[74,139576,85],{"class":84},[74,139578,89],{"class":88},[74,139580,139581],{"class":92},"2024::10::31",[74,139583,96],{"class":88},[74,139585,139586,139588,139590,139592,139594,139596,139598,139600,139602,139604],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,139587,42492],{"class":80},[74,139589,85],{"class":84},[74,139591,388],{"class":80},[74,139593,114],{"class":106},[74,139595,34127],{"class":110},[74,139597,107],{"class":106},[74,139599,122],{"class":88},[74,139601,76304],{"class":92},[74,139603,122],{"class":88},[74,139605,260],{"class":106},[74,139607,139608],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,139609,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,139611,139612,139614,139616,139618],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,139613,103],{"class":102},[74,139615,107],{"class":106},[74,139617,42523],{"class":110},[74,139619,260],{"class":106},[20,139621,157],{},[65,139623,139625],{"className":67,"code":139624,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"['2024', '10', '31']\n",[15,139626,139627],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,139628,139629,139631,139633,139636,139638,139640,139642,139644,139646,139648,139650,139653,139655],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,139630,742],{"class":106},[74,139632,2946],{"class":88},[74,139634,139635],{"class":92},"2024",[74,139637,2946],{"class":88},[74,139639,249],{"class":106},[74,139641,2941],{"class":88},[74,139643,1972],{"class":92},[74,139645,2946],{"class":88},[74,139647,249],{"class":106},[74,139649,2941],{"class":88},[74,139651,139652],{"class":92},"31",[74,139654,2946],{"class":88},[74,139656,3284],{"class":106},[20,139658,139659],{},"This is common when working with simple data formats.",[20,139661,139662,139663,114],{},"For more task-focused examples, see ",[125,139664,128505],{"href":128504},[60,139666,571,139668],{"id":139667},"using-maxsplit",[15,139669,139076],{},[20,139671,139672,139674],{},[15,139673,139076],{}," limits the number of splits.",[20,139676,139677],{},"After that limit is reached, the rest of the string stays together in the last item.",[20,139679,506],{},[65,139681,139683],{"className":67,"code":139682,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"name:age:city:country\"\nparts = text.split(\":\", 2)\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139684,139685,139698,139724,139728],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,139686,139687,139689,139691,139693,139696],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,139688,81],{"class":80},[74,139690,85],{"class":84},[74,139692,89],{"class":88},[74,139694,139695],{"class":92},"name:age:city:country",[74,139697,96],{"class":88},[74,139699,139700,139702,139704,139706,139708,139710,139712,139714,139716,139718,139720,139722],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,139701,42492],{"class":80},[74,139703,85],{"class":84},[74,139705,388],{"class":80},[74,139707,114],{"class":106},[74,139709,34127],{"class":110},[74,139711,107],{"class":106},[74,139713,122],{"class":88},[74,139715,679],{"class":92},[74,139717,122],{"class":88},[74,139719,249],{"class":106},[74,139721,620],{"class":167},[74,139723,260],{"class":106},[74,139725,139726],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,139727,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,139729,139730,139732,139734,139736],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,139731,103],{"class":102},[74,139733,107],{"class":106},[74,139735,42523],{"class":110},[74,139737,260],{"class":106},[20,139739,157],{},[65,139741,139743],{"className":67,"code":139742,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"['name', 'age', 'city:country']\n",[15,139744,139745],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,139746,139747,139749,139751,139753,139755,139757,139759,139761,139763,139765,139767,139770,139772],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,139748,742],{"class":106},[74,139750,2946],{"class":88},[74,139752,7323],{"class":92},[74,139754,2946],{"class":88},[74,139756,249],{"class":106},[74,139758,2941],{"class":88},[74,139760,8955],{"class":92},[74,139762,2946],{"class":88},[74,139764,249],{"class":106},[74,139766,2941],{"class":88},[74,139768,139769],{"class":92},"city:country",[74,139771,2946],{"class":88},[74,139773,3284],{"class":106},[20,139775,1821],{},[30,139777,139778,139783,139788],{},[33,139779,139780,139781],{},"Python splits at the first ",[15,139782,679],{},[33,139784,139785,139786],{},"then splits at the second ",[15,139787,679],{},[33,139789,139790],{},"then stops",[20,139792,139793],{},"This is useful when only the first few separators matter.",[20,139795,51732],{},[65,139797,139799],{"className":67,"code":139798,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"apple banana cherry grape\"\nprint(text.split(\" \", 1))\n",[15,139800,139801,139814],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,139802,139803,139805,139807,139809,139812],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,139804,81],{"class":80},[74,139806,85],{"class":84},[74,139808,89],{"class":88},[74,139810,139811],{"class":92},"apple banana cherry grape",[74,139813,96],{"class":88},[74,139815,139816,139818,139820,139822,139824,139826,139828,139830,139832,139834,139836],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,139817,103],{"class":102},[74,139819,107],{"class":106},[74,139821,111],{"class":110},[74,139823,114],{"class":106},[74,139825,34127],{"class":110},[74,139827,107],{"class":106},[74,139829,122],{"class":88},[74,139831,89],{"class":88},[74,139833,249],{"class":106},[74,139835,5148],{"class":167},[74,139837,130],{"class":106},[20,139839,157],{},[65,139841,139843],{"className":67,"code":139842,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"['apple', 'banana cherry grape']\n",[15,139844,139845],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,139846,139847,139849,139851,139853,139855,139857,139859,139862,139864],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,139848,742],{"class":106},[74,139850,2946],{"class":88},[74,139852,376],{"class":92},[74,139854,2946],{"class":88},[74,139856,249],{"class":106},[74,139858,2941],{"class":88},[74,139860,139861],{"class":92},"banana cherry grape",[74,139863,2946],{"class":88},[74,139865,3284],{"class":106},[60,139867,3328,139869,11363],{"id":139868},"what-split-returns",[15,139870,60179],{},[20,139872,139873,139874,139876,139877,114],{},"The result of ",[15,139875,60179],{}," is always a ",[332,139878,7751],{},[20,139880,139881],{},"Each item in that list is a string.",[20,139883,506],{},[65,139885,139887],{"className":67,"code":139886,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"cat,dog,bird\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\nprint(type(parts))\nprint(parts[0])\n",[15,139888,139889,139902,139924,139928,139938,139952],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,139890,139891,139893,139895,139897,139900],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,139892,81],{"class":80},[74,139894,85],{"class":84},[74,139896,89],{"class":88},[74,139898,139899],{"class":92},"cat,dog,bird",[74,139901,96],{"class":88},[74,139903,139904,139906,139908,139910,139912,139914,139916,139918,139920,139922],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,139905,42492],{"class":80},[74,139907,85],{"class":84},[74,139909,388],{"class":80},[74,139911,114],{"class":106},[74,139913,34127],{"class":110},[74,139915,107],{"class":106},[74,139917,122],{"class":88},[74,139919,249],{"class":92},[74,139921,122],{"class":88},[74,139923,260],{"class":106},[74,139925,139926],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,139927,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,139929,139930,139932,139934,139936],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,139931,103],{"class":102},[74,139933,107],{"class":106},[74,139935,42523],{"class":110},[74,139937,260],{"class":106},[74,139939,139940,139942,139944,139946,139948,139950],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,139941,103],{"class":102},[74,139943,107],{"class":106},[74,139945,1346],{"class":1345},[74,139947,107],{"class":106},[74,139949,42523],{"class":110},[74,139951,130],{"class":106},[74,139953,139954,139956,139958,139960,139962,139964],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,139955,103],{"class":102},[74,139957,107],{"class":106},[74,139959,42523],{"class":110},[74,139961,742],{"class":106},[74,139963,327],{"class":167},[74,139965,751],{"class":106},[20,139967,157],{},[65,139969,139971],{"className":67,"code":139970,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\ncat\n",[15,139972,139973,140001,140015],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,139974,139975,139977,139979,139981,139983,139985,139987,139989,139991,139993,139995,139997,139999],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,139976,742],{"class":106},[74,139978,2946],{"class":88},[74,139980,486],{"class":92},[74,139982,2946],{"class":88},[74,139984,249],{"class":106},[74,139986,2941],{"class":88},[74,139988,57778],{"class":92},[74,139990,2946],{"class":88},[74,139992,249],{"class":106},[74,139994,2941],{"class":88},[74,139996,57795],{"class":92},[74,139998,2946],{"class":88},[74,140000,3284],{"class":106},[74,140002,140003,140005,140007,140009,140011,140013],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,140004,2935],{"class":84},[74,140006,2938],{"class":1711},[74,140008,2941],{"class":88},[74,140010,7751],{"class":92},[74,140012,2946],{"class":88},[74,140014,2949],{"class":84},[74,140016,140017],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,140018,85106],{"class":80},[20,140020,140021],{},"Because the result is a list, you can:",[30,140023,140024,140027,140030],{},[33,140025,140026],{},"loop over it",[33,140028,140029],{},"access items by index",[33,140031,140032],{},"combine items again later",[20,140034,140035,140036,114],{},"If you want to turn the list back into one string, use ",[125,140037,125821,140039,10399],{"href":140038},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method\u002F",[15,140040,132903],{},[20,140042,506],{},[65,140044,140046],{"className":67,"code":140045,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"parts = ['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\ntext = \"-\".join(parts)\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,140047,140048,140080,140102,140106],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,140049,140050,140052,140054,140056,140058,140060,140062,140064,140066,140068,140070,140072,140074,140076,140078],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,140051,42492],{"class":80},[74,140053,85],{"class":84},[74,140055,3271],{"class":106},[74,140057,2946],{"class":88},[74,140059,486],{"class":92},[74,140061,2946],{"class":88},[74,140063,249],{"class":106},[74,140065,2941],{"class":88},[74,140067,57778],{"class":92},[74,140069,2946],{"class":88},[74,140071,249],{"class":106},[74,140073,2941],{"class":88},[74,140075,57795],{"class":92},[74,140077,2946],{"class":88},[74,140079,3284],{"class":106},[74,140081,140082,140084,140086,140088,140090,140092,140094,140096,140098,140100],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,140083,81],{"class":80},[74,140085,85],{"class":84},[74,140087,89],{"class":88},[74,140089,1669],{"class":92},[74,140091,122],{"class":88},[74,140093,114],{"class":106},[74,140095,132980],{"class":110},[74,140097,107],{"class":106},[74,140099,42523],{"class":110},[74,140101,260],{"class":106},[74,140103,140104],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,140105,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,140107,140108,140110,140112,140114],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,140109,103],{"class":102},[74,140111,107],{"class":106},[74,140113,111],{"class":110},[74,140115,260],{"class":106},[20,140117,157],{},[65,140119,140121],{"className":67,"code":140120,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"cat-dog-bird\n",[15,140122,140123],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,140124,140125,140127,140129,140131,140133],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,140126,486],{"class":80},[74,140128,1669],{"class":84},[74,140130,57778],{"class":80},[74,140132,1669],{"class":84},[74,140134,140135],{"class":80},"bird\n",[60,140137,140139],{"id":140138},"common-edge-cases","Common edge cases",[20,140141,140142],{},"Here are some cases that often surprise beginners.",[262,140144,140146],{"id":140145},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-no-separator","Splitting an empty string with no separator",[65,140148,140150],{"className":67,"code":140149,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,140151,140152,140160],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,140153,140154,140156,140158],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,140155,81],{"class":80},[74,140157,85],{"class":84},[74,140159,7538],{"class":88},[74,140161,140162,140164,140166,140168,140170,140172],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,140163,103],{"class":102},[74,140165,107],{"class":106},[74,140167,111],{"class":110},[74,140169,114],{"class":106},[74,140171,34127],{"class":110},[74,140173,6848],{"class":106},[20,140175,157],{},[65,140177,140178],{"className":67,"code":37953,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,140179,140180],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,140181,140182],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,140183,37953],{"class":106},[262,140185,140187],{"id":140186},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-a-custom-separator","Splitting an empty string with a custom separator",[65,140189,140191],{"className":67,"code":140190,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,140192,140193,140201],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,140194,140195,140197,140199],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,140196,81],{"class":80},[74,140198,85],{"class":84},[74,140200,7538],{"class":88},[74,140202,140203,140205,140207,140209,140211,140213,140215,140217,140219,140221],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,140204,103],{"class":102},[74,140206,107],{"class":106},[74,140208,111],{"class":110},[74,140210,114],{"class":106},[74,140212,34127],{"class":110},[74,140214,107],{"class":106},[74,140216,122],{"class":88},[74,140218,249],{"class":92},[74,140220,122],{"class":88},[74,140222,130],{"class":106},[20,140224,157],{},[65,140226,140228],{"className":67,"code":140227,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"['']\n",[15,140229,140230],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,140231,140232,140234,140236],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,140233,742],{"class":106},[74,140235,3424],{"class":88},[74,140237,3284],{"class":106},[262,140239,140241],{"id":140240},"separator-not-found","Separator not found",[20,140243,140244],{},"If Python does not find the separator, it returns a one-item list containing the original string.",[65,140246,140248],{"className":67,"code":140247,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,140249,140250,140262],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,140251,140252,140254,140256,140258,140260],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,140253,81],{"class":80},[74,140255,85],{"class":84},[74,140257,89],{"class":88},[74,140259,3497],{"class":92},[74,140261,96],{"class":88},[74,140263,140264,140266,140268,140270,140272,140274,140276,140278,140280,140282],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,140265,103],{"class":102},[74,140267,107],{"class":106},[74,140269,111],{"class":110},[74,140271,114],{"class":106},[74,140273,34127],{"class":110},[74,140275,107],{"class":106},[74,140277,122],{"class":88},[74,140279,249],{"class":92},[74,140281,122],{"class":88},[74,140283,130],{"class":106},[20,140285,157],{},[65,140287,140289],{"className":67,"code":140288,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"['hello']\n",[15,140290,140291],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,140292,140293,140295,140297,140299,140301],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,140294,742],{"class":106},[74,140296,2946],{"class":88},[74,140298,3497],{"class":92},[74,140300,2946],{"class":88},[74,140302,3284],{"class":106},[60,140304,1260,140306],{"id":140305},"when-to-use-split",[15,140307,60179],{},[20,140309,176,140310,140312],{},[15,140311,60179],{}," when you need to:",[30,140314,140315,140318,140321],{},[33,140316,140317],{},"split a sentence into words",[33,140319,140320],{},"split comma-separated values",[33,140322,140323],{},"break lines or simple structured text into parts",[20,140325,140326],{},"It is especially useful for tasks like:",[30,140328,140329,140332,140335],{},[33,140330,140331],{},"cleaning text",[33,140333,140334],{},"parsing user input",[33,140336,140337],{},"processing simple file content",[60,140339,914],{"id":913},[20,140341,83877],{},[30,140343,140344,140348,140354,140357,140365],{},[33,140345,50157,140346,131041],{},[15,140347,60179],{},[33,140349,140350,140351,140353],{},"forgetting that ",[15,140352,60179],{}," returns a list, not a string",[33,140355,140356],{},"using the wrong separator",[33,140358,140359,140360,140362,140363],{},"assuming ",[15,140361,139299],{}," behaves the same as ",[15,140364,60179],{},[33,140366,140367],{},"using an index that does not exist after splitting",[20,140369,140370],{},"Example of a common mistake:",[65,140372,140374],{"className":67,"code":140373,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"a,b,c\"\ntext.split(\",\")\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,140375,140376,140388,140406,140410],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,140377,140378,140380,140382,140384,140386],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,140379,81],{"class":80},[74,140381,85],{"class":84},[74,140383,89],{"class":88},[74,140385,42485],{"class":92},[74,140387,96],{"class":88},[74,140389,140390,140392,140394,140396,140398,140400,140402,140404],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,140391,111],{"class":80},[74,140393,114],{"class":106},[74,140395,34127],{"class":110},[74,140397,107],{"class":106},[74,140399,122],{"class":88},[74,140401,249],{"class":92},[74,140403,122],{"class":88},[74,140405,260],{"class":106},[74,140407,140408],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,140409,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,140411,140412,140414,140416,140418],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,140413,103],{"class":102},[74,140415,107],{"class":106},[74,140417,111],{"class":110},[74,140419,260],{"class":106},[20,140421,157],{},[65,140423,140425],{"className":67,"code":140424,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"a,b,c\n",[15,140426,140427],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,140428,140429,140431,140433,140435,140437],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,140430,125],{"class":80},[74,140432,249],{"class":106},[74,140434,4412],{"class":80},[74,140436,249],{"class":106},[74,140438,68887],{"class":80},[20,140440,140441],{},"This happens because the result was not saved.",[20,140443,1080],{},[65,140445,140446],{"className":67,"code":42472,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,140447,140448,140460,140482,140486],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,140449,140450,140452,140454,140456,140458],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,140451,81],{"class":80},[74,140453,85],{"class":84},[74,140455,89],{"class":88},[74,140457,42485],{"class":92},[74,140459,96],{"class":88},[74,140461,140462,140464,140466,140468,140470,140472,140474,140476,140478,140480],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,140463,42492],{"class":80},[74,140465,85],{"class":84},[74,140467,388],{"class":80},[74,140469,114],{"class":106},[74,140471,34127],{"class":110},[74,140473,107],{"class":106},[74,140475,122],{"class":88},[74,140477,249],{"class":92},[74,140479,122],{"class":88},[74,140481,260],{"class":106},[74,140483,140484],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,140485,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,140487,140488,140490,140492,140494],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,140489,103],{"class":102},[74,140491,107],{"class":106},[74,140493,42523],{"class":110},[74,140495,260],{"class":106},[20,140497,157],{},[65,140499,140500],{"className":67,"code":42530,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,140501,140502],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,140503,140504,140506,140508,140510,140512,140514,140516,140518,140520,140522,140524,140526,140528],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,140505,742],{"class":106},[74,140507,2946],{"class":88},[74,140509,125],{"class":92},[74,140511,2946],{"class":88},[74,140513,249],{"class":106},[74,140515,2941],{"class":88},[74,140517,4412],{"class":92},[74,140519,2946],{"class":88},[74,140521,249],{"class":106},[74,140523,2941],{"class":88},[74,140525,9396],{"class":92},[74,140527,2946],{"class":88},[74,140529,3284],{"class":106},[20,140531,140532],{},"Another common problem is using an index that does not exist:",[65,140534,140536],{"className":67,"code":140535,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"apple,banana\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts[2])\n",[15,140537,140538,140551,140573,140577],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,140539,140540,140542,140544,140546,140549],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,140541,81],{"class":80},[74,140543,85],{"class":84},[74,140545,89],{"class":88},[74,140547,140548],{"class":92},"apple,banana",[74,140550,96],{"class":88},[74,140552,140553,140555,140557,140559,140561,140563,140565,140567,140569,140571],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,140554,42492],{"class":80},[74,140556,85],{"class":84},[74,140558,388],{"class":80},[74,140560,114],{"class":106},[74,140562,34127],{"class":110},[74,140564,107],{"class":106},[74,140566,122],{"class":88},[74,140568,249],{"class":92},[74,140570,122],{"class":88},[74,140572,260],{"class":106},[74,140574,140575],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,140576,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,140578,140579,140581,140583,140585,140587,140589],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,140580,103],{"class":102},[74,140582,107],{"class":106},[74,140584,42523],{"class":110},[74,140586,742],{"class":106},[74,140588,687],{"class":167},[74,140590,751],{"class":106},[20,140592,140593,140594,114],{},"This causes an error because there is no third item. If you need help with that, see ",[125,140595,68900],{"href":68899},[262,140597,60358],{"id":60357},[20,140599,1318,140600,140602],{},[15,140601,60179],{}," is not giving the result you expect, try printing these:",[65,140604,140606],{"className":67,"code":140605,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(text)\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(','))\nprint(len(text.split(',')))\nprint(type(text.split(',')))\n",[15,140607,140608,140618,140632,140654,140680],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,140609,140610,140612,140614,140616],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,140611,103],{"class":102},[74,140613,107],{"class":106},[74,140615,111],{"class":110},[74,140617,260],{"class":106},[74,140619,140620,140622,140624,140626,140628,140630],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,140621,103],{"class":102},[74,140623,107],{"class":106},[74,140625,111],{"class":110},[74,140627,114],{"class":106},[74,140629,34127],{"class":110},[74,140631,6848],{"class":106},[74,140633,140634,140636,140638,140640,140642,140644,140646,140648,140650,140652],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,140635,103],{"class":102},[74,140637,107],{"class":106},[74,140639,111],{"class":110},[74,140641,114],{"class":106},[74,140643,34127],{"class":110},[74,140645,107],{"class":106},[74,140647,2946],{"class":88},[74,140649,249],{"class":92},[74,140651,2946],{"class":88},[74,140653,130],{"class":106},[74,140655,140656,140658,140660,140662,140664,140666,140668,140670,140672,140674,140676,140678],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,140657,103],{"class":102},[74,140659,107],{"class":106},[74,140661,10820],{"class":102},[74,140663,107],{"class":106},[74,140665,111],{"class":110},[74,140667,114],{"class":106},[74,140669,34127],{"class":110},[74,140671,107],{"class":106},[74,140673,2946],{"class":88},[74,140675,249],{"class":92},[74,140677,2946],{"class":88},[74,140679,2555],{"class":106},[74,140681,140682,140684,140686,140688,140690,140692,140694,140696,140698,140700,140702,140704],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,140683,103],{"class":102},[74,140685,107],{"class":106},[74,140687,1346],{"class":1345},[74,140689,107],{"class":106},[74,140691,111],{"class":110},[74,140693,114],{"class":106},[74,140695,34127],{"class":110},[74,140697,107],{"class":106},[74,140699,2946],{"class":88},[74,140701,249],{"class":92},[74,140703,2946],{"class":88},[74,140705,2555],{"class":106},[20,140707,10829],{},[30,140709,140710,140713,140716,140719],{},[33,140711,140712],{},"what the original string looks like",[33,140714,140715],{},"which separator works",[33,140717,140718],{},"how many items were created",[33,140720,140721],{},"that the result is a list",[60,140723,1471],{"id":1470},[262,140725,4828,140727,51,140729,2135],{"id":140726},"what-is-the-difference-between-split-and-split",[15,140728,60179],{},[15,140730,139299],{},[20,140732,140733,140735],{},[15,140734,60179],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces.",[20,140737,140738,140740],{},[15,140739,139299],{}," only splits on the space character and can produce empty strings.",[262,140742,1517,140744,1478],{"id":140743},"does-split-change-the-original-string",[15,140745,60179],{},[20,140747,140748,140749,56131],{},"No. Strings are immutable. ",[15,140750,60179],{},[262,140752,1495,140754,39617],{"id":140753},"what-does-maxsplit-do",[15,140755,139076],{},[20,140757,140758],{},"It sets the maximum number of splits. After that, the rest of the string stays in the final list item.",[262,140760,140762],{"id":140761},"why-am-i-getting-a-list-instead-of-a-string","Why am I getting a list instead of a string?",[20,140764,28716,140765,140767],{},[15,140766,60179],{}," always returns a list of strings.",[60,140769,1527],{"id":1526},[30,140771,140772,140776,140782,140788,140792],{},[33,140773,140774],{},[125,140775,129426],{"href":128504},[33,140777,140778],{},[125,140779,125821,140780,10399],{"href":140038},[15,140781,132903],{},[33,140783,140784],{},[125,140785,125821,140786,10399],{"href":136391},[15,140787,41308],{},[33,140789,140790],{},[125,140791,124576],{"href":50627},[33,140793,140794],{},[125,140795,68900],{"href":68899},[1566,140797,140798],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":70,"searchDepth":99,"depth":99,"links":140800},[140801,140802,140804,140805,140810,140811,140813,140815,140820,140822,140825,140834],{"id":62,"depth":99,"text":63},{"id":138906,"depth":99,"text":140803},"What split() does",{"id":226,"depth":99,"text":227},{"id":139154,"depth":99,"text":140806,"children":140807},"Using split() with no separator",[140808],{"id":139294,"depth":133,"text":140809},"split() vs split(' ')",{"id":139457,"depth":99,"text":139458},{"id":139667,"depth":99,"text":140812},"Using maxsplit",{"id":139868,"depth":99,"text":140814},"What split() returns",{"id":140138,"depth":99,"text":140139,"children":140816},[140817,140818,140819],{"id":140145,"depth":133,"text":140146},{"id":140186,"depth":133,"text":140187},{"id":140240,"depth":133,"text":140241},{"id":140305,"depth":99,"text":140821},"When to use split()",{"id":913,"depth":99,"text":914,"children":140823},[140824],{"id":60357,"depth":133,"text":60358},{"id":1470,"depth":99,"text":1471,"children":140826},[140827,140829,140831,140833],{"id":140726,"depth":133,"text":140828},"What is the difference between split() and split(' ')?",{"id":140743,"depth":133,"text":140830},"Does split() change the original string?",{"id":140753,"depth":133,"text":140832},"What does maxsplit do?",{"id":140761,"depth":133,"text":140762},{"id":1526,"depth":99,"text":1527},"Master python string split method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method",{"title":138815,"description":140835},"reference\u002Fpython-string-split-method","cCGXdWx7_YYjF-3k7XJupk3UdiQY7ADrDK7YZ7Egp2A",{"id":140842,"title":140843,"body":140844,"description":142787,"extension":1610,"meta":142788,"navigation":407,"path":142789,"seo":142790,"stem":142791,"__hash__":142792},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method.md","Python String startswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":140845,"toc":142746},[140846,140851,140856,140863,140936,140941,140946,140951,140967,140969,141039,141041,141043,141063,141065,141110,141115,141117,141215,141220,141224,141229,141233,141236,141278,141282,141285,141330,141334,141337,141387,141391,141396,141448,141450,141455,141466,141471,141551,141553,141565,141574,141581,141596,141598,141713,141719,141723,141726,141731,141873,141876,141883,141885,141889,141897,141966,141972,142021,142026,142031,142033,142053,142055,142121,142123,142127,142130,142134,142175,142177,142210,142215,142218,142245,142247,142290,142297,142302,142312,142378,142382,142390,142395,142446,142450,142453,142455,142464,142466,142516,142518,142625,142627,142632,142639,142645,142648,142679,142684,142686,142693,142701,142710,142713,142715,142743],[10,140847,13,140849,18],{"id":140848},"python-string-startswith-method",[15,140850,127189],{},[20,140852,22,140853,140855],{},[15,140854,127189],{}," method checks whether a string begins with specific text.",[20,140857,125887,140858,339,140860,140862],{},[15,140859,338],{},[15,140861,342],{}," answer. Beginners often use it to test commands, filenames, labels, and other text patterns.",[65,140864,140866],{"className":67,"code":140865,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"Python Beginner Help\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Python\"))   # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"Beginner\")) # False\n",[15,140867,140868,140881,140885,140910],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,140869,140870,140872,140874,140876,140879],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,140871,81],{"class":80},[74,140873,85],{"class":84},[74,140875,89],{"class":88},[74,140877,140878],{"class":92},"Python Beginner Help",[74,140880,96],{"class":88},[74,140882,140883],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,140884,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,140886,140887,140889,140891,140893,140895,140898,140900,140902,140904,140906,140908],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,140888,103],{"class":102},[74,140890,107],{"class":106},[74,140892,111],{"class":110},[74,140894,114],{"class":106},[74,140896,140897],{"class":110},"startswith",[74,140899,107],{"class":106},[74,140901,122],{"class":88},[74,140903,6951],{"class":92},[74,140905,122],{"class":88},[74,140907,5011],{"class":106},[74,140909,43509],{"class":3314},[74,140911,140912,140914,140916,140918,140920,140922,140924,140926,140929,140931,140933],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,140913,103],{"class":102},[74,140915,107],{"class":106},[74,140917,111],{"class":110},[74,140919,114],{"class":106},[74,140921,140897],{"class":110},[74,140923,107],{"class":106},[74,140925,122],{"class":88},[74,140927,140928],{"class":92},"Beginner",[74,140930,122],{"class":88},[74,140932,5011],{"class":106},[74,140934,140935],{"class":3314}," # False\n",[20,140937,176,140938,140940],{},[15,140939,127189],{}," when you want to check whether a string begins with certain text.",[60,140942,3328,140944,38],{"id":140943},"what-startswith-does",[15,140945,127189],{},[20,140947,140948,140950],{},[15,140949,127189],{}," is a string method that checks the beginning of a string.",[30,140952,140953,140956,140962,140964],{},[33,140954,140955],{},"It checks whether a string begins with a given value",[33,140957,1501,140958,339,140960],{},[15,140959,338],{},[15,140961,342],{},[33,140963,209],{},[33,140965,140966],{},"It works only on strings",[20,140968,506],{},[65,140970,140972],{"className":67,"code":140971,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"name = \"Python\"\n\nprint(name.startswith(\"Py\"))   # True\nprint(name.startswith(\"py\"))   # False\n",[15,140973,140974,140986,140990,141015],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,140975,140976,140978,140980,140982,140984],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,140977,7533],{"class":80},[74,140979,85],{"class":84},[74,140981,89],{"class":88},[74,140983,6951],{"class":92},[74,140985,96],{"class":88},[74,140987,140988],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,140989,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,140991,140992,140994,140996,140998,141000,141002,141004,141006,141009,141011,141013],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,140993,103],{"class":102},[74,140995,107],{"class":106},[74,140997,7323],{"class":110},[74,140999,114],{"class":106},[74,141001,140897],{"class":110},[74,141003,107],{"class":106},[74,141005,122],{"class":88},[74,141007,141008],{"class":92},"Py",[74,141010,122],{"class":88},[74,141012,5011],{"class":106},[74,141014,43509],{"class":3314},[74,141016,141017,141019,141021,141023,141025,141027,141029,141031,141033,141035,141037],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,141018,103],{"class":102},[74,141020,107],{"class":106},[74,141022,7323],{"class":110},[74,141024,114],{"class":106},[74,141026,140897],{"class":110},[74,141028,107],{"class":106},[74,141030,122],{"class":88},[74,141032,128267],{"class":92},[74,141034,122],{"class":88},[74,141036,5011],{"class":106},[74,141038,43526],{"class":3314},[60,141040,227],{"id":226},[20,141042,42040],{},[65,141044,141046],{"className":67,"code":141045,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"string.startswith(prefix)\n",[15,141047,141048],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,141049,141050,141052,141054,141056,141058,141061],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,141051,237],{"class":80},[74,141053,114],{"class":106},[74,141055,140897],{"class":110},[74,141057,107],{"class":106},[74,141059,141060],{"class":110},"prefix",[74,141062,260],{"class":106},[20,141064,30420],{},[65,141066,141068],{"className":67,"code":141067,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"string.startswith(prefix, start)\nstring.startswith(prefix, start, end)\n",[15,141069,141070,141088],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,141071,141072,141074,141076,141078,141080,141082,141084,141086],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,141073,237],{"class":80},[74,141075,114],{"class":106},[74,141077,140897],{"class":110},[74,141079,107],{"class":106},[74,141081,141060],{"class":110},[74,141083,249],{"class":106},[74,141085,252],{"class":110},[74,141087,260],{"class":106},[74,141089,141090,141092,141094,141096,141098,141100,141102,141104,141106,141108],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,141091,237],{"class":80},[74,141093,114],{"class":106},[74,141095,140897],{"class":110},[74,141097,107],{"class":106},[74,141099,141060],{"class":110},[74,141101,249],{"class":106},[74,141103,252],{"class":110},[74,141105,249],{"class":106},[74,141107,257],{"class":110},[74,141109,260],{"class":106},[20,141111,20426,141112,141114],{},[15,141113,141060],{}," is the text you want to check at the beginning.",[20,141116,506],{},[65,141118,141120],{"className":67,"code":141119,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"hello\"))      # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))      # False\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))   # True\n",[15,141121,141122,141134,141138,141163,141187],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,141123,141124,141126,141128,141130,141132],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,141125,81],{"class":80},[74,141127,85],{"class":84},[74,141129,89],{"class":88},[74,141131,60054],{"class":92},[74,141133,96],{"class":88},[74,141135,141136],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,141137,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,141139,141140,141142,141144,141146,141148,141150,141152,141154,141156,141158,141160],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,141141,103],{"class":102},[74,141143,107],{"class":106},[74,141145,111],{"class":110},[74,141147,114],{"class":106},[74,141149,140897],{"class":110},[74,141151,107],{"class":106},[74,141153,122],{"class":88},[74,141155,3497],{"class":92},[74,141157,122],{"class":88},[74,141159,5011],{"class":106},[74,141161,141162],{"class":3314},"      # True\n",[74,141164,141165,141167,141169,141171,141173,141175,141177,141179,141181,141183,141185],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,141166,103],{"class":102},[74,141168,107],{"class":106},[74,141170,111],{"class":110},[74,141172,114],{"class":106},[74,141174,140897],{"class":110},[74,141176,107],{"class":106},[74,141178,122],{"class":88},[74,141180,60239],{"class":92},[74,141182,122],{"class":88},[74,141184,5011],{"class":106},[74,141186,20856],{"class":3314},[74,141188,141189,141191,141193,141195,141197,141199,141201,141203,141205,141207,141209,141211,141213],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,141190,103],{"class":102},[74,141192,107],{"class":106},[74,141194,111],{"class":110},[74,141196,114],{"class":106},[74,141198,140897],{"class":110},[74,141200,107],{"class":106},[74,141202,122],{"class":88},[74,141204,60239],{"class":92},[74,141206,122],{"class":88},[74,141208,249],{"class":106},[74,141210,37299],{"class":167},[74,141212,5011],{"class":106},[74,141214,43509],{"class":3314},[20,141216,141217,141218,114],{},"If you are new to Python strings, see ",[125,141219,124576],{"href":50627},[60,141221,141223],{"id":141222},"parameters-explained","Parameters explained",[20,141225,141226,141228],{},[15,141227,127189],{}," can take up to three arguments.",[262,141230,141231],{"id":141060},[15,141232,141060],{},[20,141234,141235],{},"This is the starting text you want to match.",[65,141237,141239],{"className":67,"code":141238,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"ban\"))  # True\n",[15,141240,141241,141253],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,141242,141243,141245,141247,141249,141251],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,141244,81],{"class":80},[74,141246,85],{"class":84},[74,141248,89],{"class":88},[74,141250,93],{"class":92},[74,141252,96],{"class":88},[74,141254,141255,141257,141259,141261,141263,141265,141267,141269,141272,141274,141276],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,141256,103],{"class":102},[74,141258,107],{"class":106},[74,141260,111],{"class":110},[74,141262,114],{"class":106},[74,141264,140897],{"class":110},[74,141266,107],{"class":106},[74,141268,122],{"class":88},[74,141270,141271],{"class":92},"ban",[74,141273,122],{"class":88},[74,141275,5011],{"class":106},[74,141277,3315],{"class":3314},[262,141279,141280],{"id":50},[15,141281,50],{},[20,141283,141284],{},"This optional number tells Python where to begin checking.",[65,141286,141288],{"className":67,"code":141287,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))  # True\n",[15,141289,141290,141302],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,141291,141292,141294,141296,141298,141300],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,141293,81],{"class":80},[74,141295,85],{"class":84},[74,141297,89],{"class":88},[74,141299,60054],{"class":92},[74,141301,96],{"class":88},[74,141303,141304,141306,141308,141310,141312,141314,141316,141318,141320,141322,141324,141326,141328],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,141305,103],{"class":102},[74,141307,107],{"class":106},[74,141309,111],{"class":110},[74,141311,114],{"class":106},[74,141313,140897],{"class":110},[74,141315,107],{"class":106},[74,141317,122],{"class":88},[74,141319,60239],{"class":92},[74,141321,122],{"class":88},[74,141323,249],{"class":106},[74,141325,37299],{"class":167},[74,141327,5011],{"class":106},[74,141329,3315],{"class":3314},[262,141331,141332],{"id":54},[15,141333,54],{},[20,141335,141336],{},"This optional number tells Python where to stop checking.",[65,141338,141340],{"className":67,"code":141339,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"wor\", 6, 9))  # True\n",[15,141341,141342,141354],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,141343,141344,141346,141348,141350,141352],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,141345,81],{"class":80},[74,141347,85],{"class":84},[74,141349,89],{"class":88},[74,141351,60054],{"class":92},[74,141353,96],{"class":88},[74,141355,141356,141358,141360,141362,141364,141366,141368,141370,141373,141375,141377,141379,141381,141383,141385],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,141357,103],{"class":102},[74,141359,107],{"class":106},[74,141361,111],{"class":110},[74,141363,114],{"class":106},[74,141365,140897],{"class":110},[74,141367,107],{"class":106},[74,141369,122],{"class":88},[74,141371,141372],{"class":92},"wor",[74,141374,122],{"class":88},[74,141376,249],{"class":106},[74,141378,37299],{"class":167},[74,141380,249],{"class":106},[74,141382,53788],{"class":167},[74,141384,5011],{"class":106},[74,141386,3315],{"class":3314},[262,141388,141390],{"id":141389},"multiple-prefixes","Multiple prefixes",[20,141392,141393,141395],{},[15,141394,141060],{}," can also be a tuple of strings. This lets you test more than one possible beginning.",[65,141397,141399],{"className":67,"code":141398,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"filename = \"img_001.png\"\nprint(filename.startswith((\"img_\", \"photo_\")))  # True\n",[15,141400,141401,141414],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,141402,141403,141405,141407,141409,141412],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,141404,125904],{"class":80},[74,141406,85],{"class":84},[74,141408,89],{"class":88},[74,141410,141411],{"class":92},"img_001.png",[74,141413,96],{"class":88},[74,141415,141416,141418,141420,141422,141424,141426,141428,141430,141433,141435,141437,141439,141442,141444,141446],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,141417,103],{"class":102},[74,141419,107],{"class":106},[74,141421,125922],{"class":110},[74,141423,114],{"class":106},[74,141425,140897],{"class":110},[74,141427,5161],{"class":106},[74,141429,122],{"class":88},[74,141431,141432],{"class":92},"img_",[74,141434,122],{"class":88},[74,141436,249],{"class":106},[74,141438,89],{"class":88},[74,141440,141441],{"class":92},"photo_",[74,141443,122],{"class":88},[74,141445,50743],{"class":106},[74,141447,3315],{"class":3314},[60,141449,305],{"id":304},[20,141451,141452,141454],{},[15,141453,127189],{}," always returns a Boolean value:",[30,141456,141457,141462],{},[33,141458,141459,141461],{},[15,141460,338],{}," if the string starts with the prefix",[33,141463,141464,126506],{},[15,141465,342],{},[20,141467,141468,141469,6826],{},"This makes it useful in ",[15,141470,6651],{},[65,141472,141474],{"className":67,"code":141473,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"command = \"\u002Fhelp\"\n\nif command.startswith(\"\u002F\"):\n    print(\"This looks like a command.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is normal text.\")\n",[15,141475,141476,141490,141494,141515,141530,141536],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,141477,141478,141481,141483,141485,141488],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,141479,141480],{"class":80},"command ",[74,141482,85],{"class":84},[74,141484,89],{"class":88},[74,141486,141487],{"class":92},"\u002Fhelp",[74,141489,96],{"class":88},[74,141491,141492],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,141493,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,141495,141496,141498,141501,141503,141505,141507,141509,141511,141513],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,141497,6651],{"class":3529},[74,141499,141500],{"class":80}," command",[74,141502,114],{"class":106},[74,141504,140897],{"class":110},[74,141506,107],{"class":106},[74,141508,122],{"class":88},[74,141510,126713],{"class":92},[74,141512,122],{"class":88},[74,141514,8000],{"class":106},[74,141516,141517,141519,141521,141523,141526,141528],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,141518,7726],{"class":102},[74,141520,107],{"class":106},[74,141522,122],{"class":88},[74,141524,141525],{"class":92},"This looks like a command.",[74,141527,122],{"class":88},[74,141529,260],{"class":106},[74,141531,141532,141534],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,141533,27088],{"class":3529},[74,141535,6046],{"class":106},[74,141537,141538,141540,141542,141544,141547,141549],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,141539,7726],{"class":102},[74,141541,107],{"class":106},[74,141543,122],{"class":88},[74,141545,141546],{"class":92},"This is normal text.",[74,141548,122],{"class":88},[74,141550,260],{"class":106},[20,141552,157],{},[65,141554,141556],{"className":67,"code":141555,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"This looks like a command.\n",[15,141557,141558],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,141559,141560,141563],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,141561,141562],{"class":80},"This looks like a command",[74,141564,122022],{"class":106},[60,141566,571,141568,1126,141570,51,141572],{"id":141567},"using-startswith-with-start-and-end",[15,141569,127189],{},[15,141571,50],{},[15,141573,54],{},[20,141575,1627,141576,51,141578,141580],{},[15,141577,50],{},[15,141579,54],{}," arguments let you check part of a string without slicing it yourself.",[30,141582,141583,141588,141593],{},[33,141584,141585,141587],{},[15,141586,50],{}," lets you begin checking from a later position",[33,141589,141590,141592],{},[15,141591,54],{}," limits the part of the string being checked",[33,141594,141595],{},"This is useful when working with substrings",[20,141597,506],{},[65,141599,141601],{"className":67,"code":141600,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"one two three\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"two\", 4))        # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 13))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 12))  # False\n",[15,141602,141603,141615,141619,141648,141681],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,141604,141605,141607,141609,141611,141613],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,141606,81],{"class":80},[74,141608,85],{"class":84},[74,141610,89],{"class":88},[74,141612,139100],{"class":92},[74,141614,96],{"class":88},[74,141616,141617],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,141618,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,141620,141621,141623,141625,141627,141629,141631,141633,141635,141637,141639,141641,141643,141645],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,141622,103],{"class":102},[74,141624,107],{"class":106},[74,141626,111],{"class":110},[74,141628,114],{"class":106},[74,141630,140897],{"class":110},[74,141632,107],{"class":106},[74,141634,122],{"class":88},[74,141636,78908],{"class":92},[74,141638,122],{"class":88},[74,141640,249],{"class":106},[74,141642,2100],{"class":167},[74,141644,5011],{"class":106},[74,141646,141647],{"class":3314},"        # True\n",[74,141649,141650,141652,141654,141656,141658,141660,141662,141664,141666,141668,141670,141672,141674,141677,141679],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,141651,103],{"class":102},[74,141653,107],{"class":106},[74,141655,111],{"class":110},[74,141657,114],{"class":106},[74,141659,140897],{"class":110},[74,141661,107],{"class":106},[74,141663,122],{"class":88},[74,141665,133707],{"class":92},[74,141667,122],{"class":88},[74,141669,249],{"class":106},[74,141671,6012],{"class":167},[74,141673,249],{"class":106},[74,141675,141676],{"class":167}," 13",[74,141678,5011],{"class":106},[74,141680,3315],{"class":3314},[74,141682,141683,141685,141687,141689,141691,141693,141695,141697,141699,141701,141703,141705,141707,141709,141711],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,141684,103],{"class":102},[74,141686,107],{"class":106},[74,141688,111],{"class":110},[74,141690,114],{"class":106},[74,141692,140897],{"class":110},[74,141694,107],{"class":106},[74,141696,122],{"class":88},[74,141698,133707],{"class":92},[74,141700,122],{"class":88},[74,141702,249],{"class":106},[74,141704,6012],{"class":167},[74,141706,249],{"class":106},[74,141708,30599],{"class":167},[74,141710,5011],{"class":106},[74,141712,4423],{"class":3314},[20,141714,141715,141716,141718],{},"In the last example, the ",[15,141717,54],{}," position stops too early, so the full prefix cannot match.",[60,141720,141722],{"id":141721},"using-multiple-prefixes","Using multiple prefixes",[20,141724,141725],{},"If more than one prefix is allowed, pass a tuple.",[20,141727,141728,141729,49000],{},"This is cleaner than writing several ",[15,141730,40494],{},[65,141732,141734],{"className":67,"code":141733,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"filename1 = \"img_101.jpg\"\nfilename2 = \"photo_202.jpg\"\nfilename3 = \"doc_303.jpg\"\n\nallowed = (\"img_\", \"photo_\")\n\nprint(filename1.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename2.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename3.startswith(allowed))  # False\n",[15,141735,141736,141750,141764,141778,141782,141806,141810,141831,141852],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,141737,141738,141741,141743,141745,141748],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,141739,141740],{"class":80},"filename1 ",[74,141742,85],{"class":84},[74,141744,89],{"class":88},[74,141746,141747],{"class":92},"img_101.jpg",[74,141749,96],{"class":88},[74,141751,141752,141755,141757,141759,141762],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,141753,141754],{"class":80},"filename2 ",[74,141756,85],{"class":84},[74,141758,89],{"class":88},[74,141760,141761],{"class":92},"photo_202.jpg",[74,141763,96],{"class":88},[74,141765,141766,141769,141771,141773,141776],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,141767,141768],{"class":80},"filename3 ",[74,141770,85],{"class":84},[74,141772,89],{"class":88},[74,141774,141775],{"class":92},"doc_303.jpg",[74,141777,96],{"class":88},[74,141779,141780],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,141781,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,141783,141784,141786,141788,141790,141792,141794,141796,141798,141800,141802,141804],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,141785,127116],{"class":80},[74,141787,85],{"class":84},[74,141789,8892],{"class":106},[74,141791,122],{"class":88},[74,141793,141432],{"class":92},[74,141795,122],{"class":88},[74,141797,249],{"class":106},[74,141799,89],{"class":88},[74,141801,141441],{"class":92},[74,141803,122],{"class":88},[74,141805,260],{"class":106},[74,141807,141808],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,141809,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,141811,141812,141814,141816,141819,141821,141823,141825,141827,141829],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,141813,103],{"class":102},[74,141815,107],{"class":106},[74,141817,141818],{"class":110},"filename1",[74,141820,114],{"class":106},[74,141822,140897],{"class":110},[74,141824,107],{"class":106},[74,141826,127168],{"class":110},[74,141828,5011],{"class":106},[74,141830,3315],{"class":3314},[74,141832,141833,141835,141837,141840,141842,141844,141846,141848,141850],{"class":76,"line":6079},[74,141834,103],{"class":102},[74,141836,107],{"class":106},[74,141838,141839],{"class":110},"filename2",[74,141841,114],{"class":106},[74,141843,140897],{"class":110},[74,141845,107],{"class":106},[74,141847,127168],{"class":110},[74,141849,5011],{"class":106},[74,141851,3315],{"class":3314},[74,141853,141854,141856,141858,141861,141863,141865,141867,141869,141871],{"class":76,"line":6085},[74,141855,103],{"class":102},[74,141857,107],{"class":106},[74,141859,141860],{"class":110},"filename3",[74,141862,114],{"class":106},[74,141864,140897],{"class":110},[74,141866,107],{"class":106},[74,141868,127168],{"class":110},[74,141870,5011],{"class":106},[74,141872,4423],{"class":3314},[20,141874,141875],{},"This is especially helpful when checking file naming rules.",[20,141877,74411,141878,141882],{},[125,141879,125821,141880,10399],{"href":129415},[15,141881,125879],{}," if you need to check the end of a string instead.",[60,141884,769],{"id":768},[20,141886,141887,567],{},[15,141888,127189],{},[20,141890,126866,141891,51,141894,126873],{},[15,141892,141893],{},"\"Python\"",[15,141895,141896],{},"\"python\"",[65,141898,141900],{"className":67,"code":141899,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"py\"))  # False\n",[15,141901,141902,141914,141918,141942],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,141903,141904,141906,141908,141910,141912],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,141905,81],{"class":80},[74,141907,85],{"class":84},[74,141909,89],{"class":88},[74,141911,6951],{"class":92},[74,141913,96],{"class":88},[74,141915,141916],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,141917,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,141919,141920,141922,141924,141926,141928,141930,141932,141934,141936,141938,141940],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,141921,103],{"class":102},[74,141923,107],{"class":106},[74,141925,111],{"class":110},[74,141927,114],{"class":106},[74,141929,140897],{"class":110},[74,141931,107],{"class":106},[74,141933,122],{"class":88},[74,141935,141008],{"class":92},[74,141937,122],{"class":88},[74,141939,5011],{"class":106},[74,141941,3315],{"class":3314},[74,141943,141944,141946,141948,141950,141952,141954,141956,141958,141960,141962,141964],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,141945,103],{"class":102},[74,141947,107],{"class":106},[74,141949,111],{"class":110},[74,141951,114],{"class":106},[74,141953,140897],{"class":110},[74,141955,107],{"class":106},[74,141957,122],{"class":88},[74,141959,128267],{"class":92},[74,141961,122],{"class":88},[74,141963,5011],{"class":106},[74,141965,4423],{"class":3314},[20,141967,126958,141968,114],{},[125,141969,141970],{"href":852},[15,141971,855],{},[65,141973,141975],{"className":67,"code":141974,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))  # True\n",[15,141976,141977,141989,141993],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,141978,141979,141981,141983,141985,141987],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,141980,81],{"class":80},[74,141982,85],{"class":84},[74,141984,89],{"class":88},[74,141986,6951],{"class":92},[74,141988,96],{"class":88},[74,141990,141991],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,141992,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,141994,141995,141997,141999,142001,142003,142005,142007,142009,142011,142013,142015,142017,142019],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,141996,103],{"class":102},[74,141998,107],{"class":106},[74,142000,111],{"class":110},[74,142002,114],{"class":106},[74,142004,885],{"class":110},[74,142006,888],{"class":106},[74,142008,140897],{"class":110},[74,142010,107],{"class":106},[74,142012,122],{"class":88},[74,142014,128267],{"class":92},[74,142016,122],{"class":88},[74,142018,5011],{"class":106},[74,142020,3315],{"class":3314},[60,142022,1260,142024],{"id":142023},"when-to-use-startswith",[15,142025,127189],{},[20,142027,142028,142030],{},[15,142029,127189],{}," is useful in many real programs.",[20,142032,9030],{},[30,142034,142035,142038,142041,142050],{},[33,142036,142037],{},"Checking filename patterns at the start",[33,142039,142040],{},"Checking user input prefixes such as commands",[33,142042,142043,142044,339,142047],{},"Validating text formats like ",[15,142045,142046],{},"http:\u002F\u002F",[15,142048,142049],{},"https:\u002F\u002F",[33,142051,142052],{},"Making code easier to read than manual slicing",[20,142054,506],{},[65,142056,142058],{"className":67,"code":142057,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\"\n\nif url.startswith((\"http:\u002F\u002F\", \"https:\u002F\u002F\")):\n    print(\"This looks like a web URL.\")\n",[15,142059,142060,142073,142077,142106],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,142061,142062,142064,142066,142068,142071],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,142063,126684],{"class":80},[74,142065,85],{"class":84},[74,142067,89],{"class":88},[74,142069,142070],{"class":92},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com",[74,142072,96],{"class":88},[74,142074,142075],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,142076,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,142078,142079,142081,142084,142086,142088,142090,142092,142094,142096,142098,142100,142102,142104],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,142080,6651],{"class":3529},[74,142082,142083],{"class":80}," url",[74,142085,114],{"class":106},[74,142087,140897],{"class":110},[74,142089,5161],{"class":106},[74,142091,122],{"class":88},[74,142093,142046],{"class":92},[74,142095,122],{"class":88},[74,142097,249],{"class":106},[74,142099,89],{"class":88},[74,142101,142049],{"class":92},[74,142103,122],{"class":88},[74,142105,69204],{"class":106},[74,142107,142108,142110,142112,142114,142117,142119],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,142109,7726],{"class":102},[74,142111,107],{"class":106},[74,142113,122],{"class":88},[74,142115,142116],{"class":92},"This looks like a web URL.",[74,142118,122],{"class":88},[74,142120,260],{"class":106},[60,142122,914],{"id":913},[20,142124,917,142125,114],{},[15,142126,127189],{},[262,142128,138261],{"id":142129},"using-the-wrong-letter-case",[20,142131,142132,567],{},[15,142133,127189],{},[65,142135,142137],{"className":67,"code":142136,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"python\"))  # False\n",[15,142138,142139,142151],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,142140,142141,142143,142145,142147,142149],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,142142,81],{"class":80},[74,142144,85],{"class":84},[74,142146,89],{"class":88},[74,142148,6951],{"class":92},[74,142150,96],{"class":88},[74,142152,142153,142155,142157,142159,142161,142163,142165,142167,142169,142171,142173],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,142154,103],{"class":102},[74,142156,107],{"class":106},[74,142158,111],{"class":110},[74,142160,114],{"class":106},[74,142162,140897],{"class":110},[74,142164,107],{"class":106},[74,142166,122],{"class":88},[74,142168,69],{"class":92},[74,142170,122],{"class":88},[74,142172,5011],{"class":106},[74,142174,4423],{"class":3314},[20,142176,38918],{},[65,142178,142180],{"className":67,"code":142179,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(text.lower().startswith(\"python\"))  # True\n",[15,142181,142182],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,142183,142184,142186,142188,142190,142192,142194,142196,142198,142200,142202,142204,142206,142208],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,142185,103],{"class":102},[74,142187,107],{"class":106},[74,142189,111],{"class":110},[74,142191,114],{"class":106},[74,142193,885],{"class":110},[74,142195,888],{"class":106},[74,142197,140897],{"class":110},[74,142199,107],{"class":106},[74,142201,122],{"class":88},[74,142203,69],{"class":92},[74,142205,122],{"class":88},[74,142207,5011],{"class":106},[74,142209,3315],{"class":3314},[262,142211,29305,142213,136743],{"id":142212},"calling-startswith-on-a-non-string-value",[15,142214,127189],{},[20,142216,142217],{},"This method works on strings, not numbers or lists.",[65,142219,142221],{"className":67,"code":142220,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"value = 123\n\n# This will cause an error:\n# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[15,142222,142223,142231,142235,142240],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,142224,142225,142227,142229],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,142226,2089],{"class":80},[74,142228,85],{"class":84},[74,142230,124503],{"class":167},[74,142232,142233],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,142234,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,142236,142237],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,142238,142239],{"class":3314},"# This will cause an error:\n",[74,142241,142242],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,142243,142244],{"class":3314},"# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[20,142246,38918],{},[65,142248,142250],{"className":67,"code":142249,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"value = str(123)\nprint(value.startswith(\"1\"))  # True\n",[15,142251,142252,142266],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,142253,142254,142256,142258,142260,142262,142264],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,142255,2089],{"class":80},[74,142257,85],{"class":84},[74,142259,48556],{"class":1345},[74,142261,107],{"class":106},[74,142263,49898],{"class":167},[74,142265,260],{"class":106},[74,142267,142268,142270,142272,142274,142276,142278,142280,142282,142284,142286,142288],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,142269,103],{"class":102},[74,142271,107],{"class":106},[74,142273,246],{"class":110},[74,142275,114],{"class":106},[74,142277,140897],{"class":110},[74,142279,107],{"class":106},[74,142281,122],{"class":88},[74,142283,2632],{"class":92},[74,142285,122],{"class":88},[74,142287,5011],{"class":106},[74,142289,3315],{"class":3314},[262,142291,1123,142293,1126,142295],{"id":142292},"confusing-startswith-with-in",[15,142294,127189],{},[15,142296,351],{},[20,142298,142299,142301],{},[15,142300,127189],{}," checks only the beginning.",[20,142303,142304,142305,142307,142308,114],{},"If you want to know whether text appears anywhere, use ",[15,142306,351],{}," or methods like ",[125,142309,142310],{"href":1145},[15,142311,1129],{},[65,142313,142315],{"className":67,"code":142314,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))  # False\nprint(\"world\" in text)           # True\n",[15,142316,142317,142329,142333,142357],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,142318,142319,142321,142323,142325,142327],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,142320,81],{"class":80},[74,142322,85],{"class":84},[74,142324,89],{"class":88},[74,142326,60054],{"class":92},[74,142328,96],{"class":88},[74,142330,142331],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,142332,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,142334,142335,142337,142339,142341,142343,142345,142347,142349,142351,142353,142355],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,142336,103],{"class":102},[74,142338,107],{"class":106},[74,142340,111],{"class":110},[74,142342,114],{"class":106},[74,142344,140897],{"class":110},[74,142346,107],{"class":106},[74,142348,122],{"class":88},[74,142350,60239],{"class":92},[74,142352,122],{"class":88},[74,142354,5011],{"class":106},[74,142356,4423],{"class":3314},[74,142358,142359,142361,142363,142365,142367,142369,142371,142373,142375],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,142360,103],{"class":102},[74,142362,107],{"class":106},[74,142364,122],{"class":88},[74,142366,60239],{"class":92},[74,142368,122],{"class":88},[74,142370,20829],{"class":3529},[74,142372,388],{"class":110},[74,142374,3311],{"class":106},[74,142376,142377],{"class":3314},"           # True\n",[20,142379,135295,142380,114],{},[125,142381,126857],{"href":348},[262,142383,4355,142385,51,142387,142389],{"id":142384},"forgetting-that-start-and-end-use-index-positions",[15,142386,50],{},[15,142388,54],{}," use index positions",[20,142391,142392,142393,114],{},"Python counts string positions starting at ",[15,142394,327],{},[65,142396,142398],{"className":67,"code":142397,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"abcdef\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"cd\", 2))  # True\n",[15,142399,142400,142413,142417],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,142401,142402,142404,142406,142408,142411],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,142403,81],{"class":80},[74,142405,85],{"class":84},[74,142407,89],{"class":88},[74,142409,142410],{"class":92},"abcdef",[74,142412,96],{"class":88},[74,142414,142415],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,142416,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,142418,142419,142421,142423,142425,142427,142429,142431,142433,142436,142438,142440,142442,142444],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,142420,103],{"class":102},[74,142422,107],{"class":106},[74,142424,111],{"class":110},[74,142426,114],{"class":106},[74,142428,140897],{"class":110},[74,142430,107],{"class":106},[74,142432,122],{"class":88},[74,142434,142435],{"class":92},"cd",[74,142437,122],{"class":88},[74,142439,249],{"class":106},[74,142441,620],{"class":167},[74,142443,5011],{"class":106},[74,142445,3315],{"class":3314},[262,142447,142449],{"id":142448},"passing-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Passing a list instead of a tuple",[20,142451,142452],{},"Multiple prefixes must be given as a tuple, not a list.",[20,142454,16302],{},[65,142456,142458],{"className":67,"code":142457,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"# text.startswith([\"Py\", \"Ja\"])\n",[15,142459,142460],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,142461,142462],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,142463,142457],{"class":3314},[20,142465,16314],{},[65,142467,142469],{"className":67,"code":142468,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))  # True\n",[15,142470,142471,142483],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,142472,142473,142475,142477,142479,142481],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,142474,81],{"class":80},[74,142476,85],{"class":84},[74,142478,89],{"class":88},[74,142480,6951],{"class":92},[74,142482,96],{"class":88},[74,142484,142485,142487,142489,142491,142493,142495,142497,142499,142501,142503,142505,142507,142510,142512,142514],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,142486,103],{"class":102},[74,142488,107],{"class":106},[74,142490,111],{"class":110},[74,142492,114],{"class":106},[74,142494,140897],{"class":110},[74,142496,5161],{"class":106},[74,142498,122],{"class":88},[74,142500,141008],{"class":92},[74,142502,122],{"class":88},[74,142504,249],{"class":106},[74,142506,89],{"class":88},[74,142508,142509],{"class":92},"Ja",[74,142511,122],{"class":88},[74,142513,50743],{"class":106},[74,142515,3315],{"class":3314},[20,142517,31739],{},[65,142519,142521],{"className":67,"code":142520,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))\n",[15,142522,142523,142533,142547,142569,142595],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,142524,142525,142527,142529,142531],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,142526,103],{"class":102},[74,142528,107],{"class":106},[74,142530,111],{"class":110},[74,142532,260],{"class":106},[74,142534,142535,142537,142539,142541,142543,142545],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,142536,103],{"class":102},[74,142538,107],{"class":106},[74,142540,1346],{"class":1345},[74,142542,107],{"class":106},[74,142544,111],{"class":110},[74,142546,130],{"class":106},[74,142548,142549,142551,142553,142555,142557,142559,142561,142563,142565,142567],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,142550,103],{"class":102},[74,142552,107],{"class":106},[74,142554,111],{"class":110},[74,142556,114],{"class":106},[74,142558,140897],{"class":110},[74,142560,107],{"class":106},[74,142562,122],{"class":88},[74,142564,141008],{"class":92},[74,142566,122],{"class":88},[74,142568,130],{"class":106},[74,142570,142571,142573,142575,142577,142579,142581,142583,142585,142587,142589,142591,142593],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,142572,103],{"class":102},[74,142574,107],{"class":106},[74,142576,111],{"class":110},[74,142578,114],{"class":106},[74,142580,885],{"class":110},[74,142582,888],{"class":106},[74,142584,140897],{"class":110},[74,142586,107],{"class":106},[74,142588,122],{"class":88},[74,142590,128267],{"class":92},[74,142592,122],{"class":88},[74,142594,130],{"class":106},[74,142596,142597,142599,142601,142603,142605,142607,142609,142611,142613,142615,142617,142619,142621,142623],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,142598,103],{"class":102},[74,142600,107],{"class":106},[74,142602,111],{"class":110},[74,142604,114],{"class":106},[74,142606,140897],{"class":110},[74,142608,5161],{"class":106},[74,142610,122],{"class":88},[74,142612,141008],{"class":92},[74,142614,122],{"class":88},[74,142616,249],{"class":106},[74,142618,89],{"class":88},[74,142620,142509],{"class":92},[74,142622,122],{"class":88},[74,142624,2555],{"class":106},[60,142626,1471],{"id":1470},[262,142628,1517,142630,127667],{"id":142629},"does-startswith-change-the-string",[15,142631,127189],{},[20,142633,142634,142635,339,142637,114],{},"No. It only checks the string and returns ",[15,142636,338],{},[15,142638,342],{},[262,142640,1507,142642,142644],{"id":142641},"can-startswith-check-more-than-one-prefix",[15,142643,127189],{}," check more than one prefix?",[20,142646,142647],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of strings, such as:",[65,142649,142651],{"className":67,"code":142650,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text.startswith((\"a\", \"b\"))\n",[15,142652,142653],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,142654,142655,142657,142659,142661,142663,142665,142667,142669,142671,142673,142675,142677],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,142656,111],{"class":80},[74,142658,114],{"class":106},[74,142660,140897],{"class":110},[74,142662,5161],{"class":106},[74,142664,122],{"class":88},[74,142666,125],{"class":92},[74,142668,122],{"class":88},[74,142670,249],{"class":106},[74,142672,89],{"class":88},[74,142674,4412],{"class":92},[74,142676,122],{"class":88},[74,142678,130],{"class":106},[262,142680,1485,142682,1488],{"id":142681},"is-startswith-case-sensitive",[15,142683,127189],{},[20,142685,129350],{},[262,142687,4828,142689,51,142691,2135],{"id":142688},"what-is-the-difference-between-startswith-and-in",[15,142690,127189],{},[15,142692,351],{},[20,142694,142695,142697,142698,142700],{},[15,142696,127189],{}," checks only the beginning. ",[15,142699,351],{}," checks whether text appears anywhere in the string.",[262,142702,27983,142704,51,142706,1126,142708,2135],{"id":142703},"can-i-use-start-and-end-with-startswith",[15,142705,50],{},[15,142707,54],{},[15,142709,127189],{},[20,142711,142712],{},"Yes. They let you limit which part of the string is checked.",[60,142714,1527],{"id":1526},[30,142716,142717,142723,142729,142735,142739],{},[33,142718,142719],{},[125,142720,125821,142721,10399],{"href":129415},[15,142722,125879],{},[33,142724,142725],{},[125,142726,125821,142727,10399],{"href":1145},[15,142728,1129],{},[33,142730,142731],{},[125,142732,125821,142733,10399],{"href":852},[15,142734,855],{},[33,142736,142737],{},[125,142738,1557],{"href":348},[33,142740,142741],{},[125,142742,124576],{"href":50627},[1566,142744,142745],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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does",{"id":226,"depth":99,"text":227},{"id":141222,"depth":99,"text":141223,"children":142752},[142753,142754,142755,142756],{"id":141060,"depth":133,"text":141060},{"id":50,"depth":133,"text":50},{"id":54,"depth":133,"text":54},{"id":141389,"depth":133,"text":141390},{"id":304,"depth":99,"text":305},{"id":141567,"depth":99,"text":142759},"Using startswith() with start and end",{"id":141721,"depth":99,"text":141722},{"id":768,"depth":99,"text":769},{"id":142023,"depth":99,"text":142763},"When to use startswith()",{"id":913,"depth":99,"text":914,"children":142765},[142766,142767,142769,142771,142773],{"id":142129,"depth":133,"text":138261},{"id":142212,"depth":133,"text":142768},"Calling startswith() on a non-string value",{"id":142292,"depth":133,"text":142770},"Confusing startswith() with in",{"id":142384,"depth":133,"text":142772},"Forgetting that start and end use index positions",{"id":142448,"depth":133,"text":142449},{"id":1470,"depth":99,"text":1471,"children":142775},[142776,142778,142780,142782,142784],{"id":142629,"depth":133,"text":142777},"Does startswith() change the string?",{"id":142641,"depth":133,"text":142779},"Can startswith() check more than one prefix?",{"id":142681,"depth":133,"text":142781},"Is startswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":142688,"depth":133,"text":142783},"What is the difference between startswith() and in?",{"id":142703,"depth":133,"text":142785},"Can I use start and end with startswith()?",{"id":1526,"depth":99,"text":1527},"Master python string startswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method",{"title":140843,"description":142787},"reference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method","H88rt3Nz2-D86PhmC2_wUy4Ef0nzvARozFcg9L4vdZs",{"id":142794,"title":142795,"body":142796,"description":144250,"extension":1610,"meta":144251,"navigation":407,"path":144252,"seo":144253,"stem":144254,"__hash__":144255},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method.md","Python String strip() Method",{"type":7,"value":142797,"toc":144220},[142798,142803,142808,142811,142813,142857,142859,142867,142872,142877,142882,142884,142902,142904,142950,142952,142966,142975,142979,142981,142983,142995,143000,143003,143035,143037,143046,143051,143054,143095,143097,143105,143107,143120,143126,143130,143133,143149,143151,143200,143202,143211,143214,143273,143275,143284,143291,143294,143347,143349,143373,143380,143386,143390,143396,143399,143410,143412,143452,143454,143462,143464,143504,143506,143515,143517,143535,143538,143545,143556,143559,143576,143578,143655,143657,143688,143691,143693,143696,143722,143724,143764,143766,143775,143785,143793,143801,143806,143811,143813,143827,143829,143880,143882,143891,143901,143903,143905,143927,143930,144009,144011,144047,144050,144125,144130,144132,144138,144143,144148,144151,144157,144160,144167,144175,144179,144187,144189,144217],[10,142799,13,142801,18],{"id":142800},"python-string-strip-method",[15,142802,41308],{},[20,142804,31974,142805,142807],{},[15,142806,41308],{}," method removes characters from the beginning and end of a string.",[20,142809,142810],{},"Beginners usually use it to remove extra whitespace, such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters. This is especially useful when cleaning user input or processing text from a file.",[60,142812,3256],{"id":3255},[65,142814,142816],{"className":67,"code":142815,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"  hello  \"\nclean_text = text.strip()\nprint(clean_text)\n",[15,142817,142818,142831,142846],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,142819,142820,142822,142824,142826,142829],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,142821,81],{"class":80},[74,142823,85],{"class":84},[74,142825,89],{"class":88},[74,142827,142828],{"class":92},"  hello  ",[74,142830,96],{"class":88},[74,142832,142833,142836,142838,142840,142842,142844],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,142834,142835],{"class":80},"clean_text ",[74,142837,85],{"class":84},[74,142839,388],{"class":80},[74,142841,114],{"class":106},[74,142843,8292],{"class":110},[74,142845,8299],{"class":106},[74,142847,142848,142850,142852,142855],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,142849,103],{"class":102},[74,142851,107],{"class":106},[74,142853,142854],{"class":110},"clean_text",[74,142856,260],{"class":106},[20,142858,157],{},[65,142860,142861],{"className":67,"code":138136,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,142862,142863],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,142864,142865],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,142866,138136],{"class":80},[20,142868,176,142869,142871],{},[15,142870,41308],{}," to remove whitespace from both ends of a string. It does not change the original string.",[60,142873,3328,142875,38],{"id":142874},"what-strip-does",[15,142876,41308],{},[20,142878,142879,142881],{},[15,142880,41308],{}," is a string method that returns a new string.",[20,142883,195],{},[30,142885,142886,142890,142893,142896,142899],{},[33,142887,142888,131171],{},[15,142889,41308],{},[33,142891,142892],{},"It removes characters from the beginning and end only",[33,142894,142895],{},"By default, it removes whitespace",[33,142897,142898],{},"It does not remove characters from the middle of the string",[33,142900,142901],{},"Strings are immutable, so the original string stays the same",[20,142903,506],{},[65,142905,142907],{"className":67,"code":142906,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(text)\n",[15,142908,142909,142922,142926,142940],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,142910,142911,142913,142915,142917,142920],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,142912,81],{"class":80},[74,142914,85],{"class":84},[74,142916,89],{"class":88},[74,142918,142919],{"class":92},"  hello world  ",[74,142921,96],{"class":88},[74,142923,142924],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,142925,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,142927,142928,142930,142932,142934,142936,142938],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,142929,103],{"class":102},[74,142931,107],{"class":106},[74,142933,111],{"class":110},[74,142935,114],{"class":106},[74,142937,8292],{"class":110},[74,142939,6848],{"class":106},[74,142941,142942,142944,142946,142948],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,142943,103],{"class":102},[74,142945,107],{"class":106},[74,142947,111],{"class":110},[74,142949,260],{"class":106},[20,142951,157],{},[65,142953,142955],{"className":67,"code":142954,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"hello world\n  hello world  \n",[15,142956,142957,142961],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,142958,142959],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,142960,133837],{"class":80},[74,142962,142963],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,142964,142965],{"class":80},"  hello world\n",[20,142967,142968,142969,142971,142972,142974],{},"The cleaned version is returned by ",[15,142970,41308],{},", but the original ",[15,142973,111],{}," value is unchanged.",[20,142976,124573,142977,114],{},[125,142978,124576],{"href":50627},[60,142980,227],{"id":226},[20,142982,26141],{},[30,142984,142985,142990],{},[33,142986,142987],{},[15,142988,142989],{},"string.strip()",[33,142991,142992],{},[15,142993,142994],{},"string.strip(chars)",[262,142996,142998],{"id":142997},"stringstrip",[15,142999,142989],{},[20,143001,143002],{},"This removes whitespace from both ends:",[65,143004,143006],{"className":67,"code":143005,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"name = \"  Alice  \"\nprint(name.strip())\n",[15,143007,143008,143021],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,143009,143010,143012,143014,143016,143019],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,143011,7533],{"class":80},[74,143013,85],{"class":84},[74,143015,89],{"class":88},[74,143017,143018],{"class":92},"  Alice  ",[74,143020,96],{"class":88},[74,143022,143023,143025,143027,143029,143031,143033],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,143024,103],{"class":102},[74,143026,107],{"class":106},[74,143028,7323],{"class":110},[74,143030,114],{"class":106},[74,143032,8292],{"class":110},[74,143034,6848],{"class":106},[20,143036,157],{},[65,143038,143040],{"className":67,"code":143039,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"Alice\n",[15,143041,143042],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,143043,143044],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,143045,143039],{"class":80},[262,143047,143049],{"id":143048},"stringstripchars",[15,143050,142994],{},[20,143052,143053],{},"This removes any matching characters from both ends:",[65,143055,143057],{"className":67,"code":143056,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"!!hello??\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,143058,143059,143072],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,143060,143061,143063,143065,143067,143070],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,143062,81],{"class":80},[74,143064,85],{"class":84},[74,143066,89],{"class":88},[74,143068,143069],{"class":92},"!!hello??",[74,143071,96],{"class":88},[74,143073,143074,143076,143078,143080,143082,143084,143086,143088,143091,143093],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,143075,103],{"class":102},[74,143077,107],{"class":106},[74,143079,111],{"class":110},[74,143081,114],{"class":106},[74,143083,8292],{"class":110},[74,143085,107],{"class":106},[74,143087,122],{"class":88},[74,143089,143090],{"class":92},"!?",[74,143092,122],{"class":88},[74,143094,130],{"class":106},[20,143096,157],{},[65,143098,143099],{"className":67,"code":138136,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,143100,143101],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,143102,143103],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,143104,138136],{"class":80},[20,143106,83458],{},[30,143108,143109,143114],{},[33,143110,143111,143113],{},[15,143112,134080],{}," means a set of characters to remove from both ends",[33,143115,143116,143117,143119],{},"The order of characters in ",[15,143118,134080],{}," does not matter",[60,143121,143123,143124],{"id":143122},"remove-whitespace-with-strip","Remove whitespace with ",[15,143125,41308],{},[20,143127,30541,143128,114],{},[15,143129,41308],{},[20,143131,143132],{},"It is useful for:",[30,143134,143135,143140,143143,143146],{},[33,143136,143137,143138,3538],{},"Cleaning ",[15,143139,2601],{},[33,143141,143142],{},"Cleaning lines read from a file",[33,143144,143145],{},"Removing spaces before checking or comparing text",[33,143147,143148],{},"Removing tabs and newline characters at both ends",[20,143150,48013],{},[65,143152,143154],{"className":67,"code":143153,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"username = \"  sam  \"\nclean_username = username.strip()\n\nprint(clean_username)\n",[15,143155,143156,143169,143185,143189],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,143157,143158,143160,143162,143164,143167],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,143159,7618],{"class":80},[74,143161,85],{"class":84},[74,143163,89],{"class":88},[74,143165,143166],{"class":92},"  sam  ",[74,143168,96],{"class":88},[74,143170,143171,143174,143176,143179,143181,143183],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,143172,143173],{"class":80},"clean_username ",[74,143175,85],{"class":84},[74,143177,143178],{"class":80}," username",[74,143180,114],{"class":106},[74,143182,8292],{"class":110},[74,143184,8299],{"class":106},[74,143186,143187],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,143188,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,143190,143191,143193,143195,143198],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,143192,103],{"class":102},[74,143194,107],{"class":106},[74,143196,143197],{"class":110},"clean_username",[74,143199,260],{"class":106},[20,143201,157],{},[65,143203,143205],{"className":67,"code":143204,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"sam\n",[15,143206,143207],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,143208,143209],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,143210,143204],{"class":80},[20,143212,143213],{},"This matters when comparing strings:",[65,143215,143217],{"className":67,"code":143216,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"answer = \" yes  \"\n\nif answer.strip() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,143218,143219,143232,143236,143258],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,143220,143221,143223,143225,143227,143230],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,143222,136064],{"class":80},[74,143224,85],{"class":84},[74,143226,89],{"class":88},[74,143228,143229],{"class":92}," yes  ",[74,143231,96],{"class":88},[74,143233,143234],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,143235,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,143237,143238,143240,143242,143244,143246,143248,143250,143252,143254,143256],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,143239,6651],{"class":3529},[74,143241,136084],{"class":80},[74,143243,114],{"class":106},[74,143245,8292],{"class":110},[74,143247,7020],{"class":106},[74,143249,6061],{"class":84},[74,143251,89],{"class":88},[74,143253,8314],{"class":92},[74,143255,122],{"class":88},[74,143257,6046],{"class":106},[74,143259,143260,143262,143264,143266,143269,143271],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,143261,7726],{"class":102},[74,143263,107],{"class":106},[74,143265,122],{"class":88},[74,143267,143268],{"class":92},"Matched",[74,143270,122],{"class":88},[74,143272,260],{"class":106},[20,143274,157],{},[65,143276,143278],{"className":67,"code":143277,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"Matched\n",[15,143279,143280],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,143281,143282],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,143283,143277],{"class":80},[20,143285,143286,143287,114],{},"If you want a broader guide, see ",[125,143288,143290],{"href":143289},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-whitespace-from-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[20,143292,143293],{},"Example with file-style text:",[65,143295,143297],{"className":67,"code":143296,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"line = \"Python basics\\n\"\nprint(repr(line))\nprint(repr(line.strip()))\n",[15,143298,143299,143315,143329],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,143300,143301,143304,143306,143308,143311,143313],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,143302,143303],{"class":80},"line ",[74,143305,85],{"class":84},[74,143307,89],{"class":88},[74,143309,143310],{"class":92},"Python basics",[74,143312,86790],{"class":34111},[74,143314,96],{"class":88},[74,143316,143317,143319,143321,143323,143325,143327],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,143318,103],{"class":102},[74,143320,107],{"class":106},[74,143322,41434],{"class":102},[74,143324,107],{"class":106},[74,143326,76],{"class":110},[74,143328,130],{"class":106},[74,143330,143331,143333,143335,143337,143339,143341,143343,143345],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,143332,103],{"class":102},[74,143334,107],{"class":106},[74,143336,41434],{"class":102},[74,143338,107],{"class":106},[74,143340,76],{"class":110},[74,143342,114],{"class":106},[74,143344,8292],{"class":110},[74,143346,5942],{"class":106},[20,143348,157],{},[65,143350,143352],{"className":67,"code":143351,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"'Python basics\\n'\n'Python basics'\n",[15,143353,143354,143365],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,143355,143356,143358,143360,143363],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,143357,2946],{"class":42983},[74,143359,143310],{"class":42987},[74,143361,86790],{"class":143362},"sfi6f",[74,143364,29355],{"class":42983},[74,143366,143367,143369,143371],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,143368,2946],{"class":42983},[74,143370,143310],{"class":42987},[74,143372,29355],{"class":42983},[20,143374,571,143375,143377,143378,114],{},[15,143376,122204],{}," helps you see hidden characters like ",[15,143379,86790],{},[20,143381,143382,143383,114],{},"If you are working with files, see ",[125,143384,143385],{"href":87443},"how to read a file line by line in Python",[60,143387,143389],{"id":143388},"remove-specific-characters","Remove specific characters",[20,143391,143392,143393,114],{},"You can pass characters as an argument, such as ",[15,143394,143395],{},"strip(\"!?\")",[20,143397,143398],{},"Python will:",[30,143400,143401,143404,143407],{},[33,143402,143403],{},"Remove any matching character from both ends",[33,143405,143406],{},"Keep removing until it finds a character that is not in the set",[33,143408,143409],{},"Leave the middle of the string unchanged",[20,143411,506],{},[65,143413,143415],{"className":67,"code":143414,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"??hello!!\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,143416,143417,143430],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,143418,143419,143421,143423,143425,143428],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,143420,81],{"class":80},[74,143422,85],{"class":84},[74,143424,89],{"class":88},[74,143426,143427],{"class":92},"??hello!!",[74,143429,96],{"class":88},[74,143431,143432,143434,143436,143438,143440,143442,143444,143446,143448,143450],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,143433,103],{"class":102},[74,143435,107],{"class":106},[74,143437,111],{"class":110},[74,143439,114],{"class":106},[74,143441,8292],{"class":110},[74,143443,107],{"class":106},[74,143445,122],{"class":88},[74,143447,143090],{"class":92},[74,143449,122],{"class":88},[74,143451,130],{"class":106},[20,143453,157],{},[65,143455,143456],{"className":67,"code":138136,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,143457,143458],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,143459,143460],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,143461,138136],{"class":80},[20,143463,51732],{},[65,143465,143467],{"className":67,"code":143466,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"abcHelloCba\"\nprint(text.strip(\"abc\"))\n",[15,143468,143469,143482],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,143470,143471,143473,143475,143477,143480],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,143472,81],{"class":80},[74,143474,85],{"class":84},[74,143476,89],{"class":88},[74,143478,143479],{"class":92},"abcHelloCba",[74,143481,96],{"class":88},[74,143483,143484,143486,143488,143490,143492,143494,143496,143498,143500,143502],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,143485,103],{"class":102},[74,143487,107],{"class":106},[74,143489,111],{"class":110},[74,143491,114],{"class":106},[74,143493,8292],{"class":110},[74,143495,107],{"class":106},[74,143497,122],{"class":88},[74,143499,41215],{"class":92},[74,143501,122],{"class":88},[74,143503,130],{"class":106},[20,143505,157],{},[65,143507,143509],{"className":67,"code":143508,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"HelloC\n",[15,143510,143511],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,143512,143513],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,143514,143508],{"class":80},[20,143516,5887],{},[20,143518,143519,13711,143522,143524,143525,143527,143528,220,143530,1835,143532,143534],{},[15,143520,143521],{},"strip(\"abc\")",[332,143523,334],{}," mean “remove the exact text ",[15,143526,41215],{}," once”. It means “remove any ",[15,143529,125],{},[15,143531,4412],{},[15,143533,9396],{}," characters from both ends”.",[20,143536,143537],{},"It also does not remove characters from the middle.",[20,143539,143540,143541,6284],{},"If you need to replace text anywhere in a string, use ",[125,143542,143543],{"href":129402},[15,143544,1310],{},[60,143546,143548,10243,143550,10243,143553],{"id":143547},"strip-vs-lstrip-vs-rstrip",[15,143549,41308],{},[15,143551,143552],{},"lstrip()",[15,143554,143555],{},"rstrip()",[20,143557,143558],{},"These methods are similar, but they remove characters from different sides.",[30,143560,143561,143566,143571],{},[33,143562,143563,143565],{},[15,143564,41308],{}," removes from both ends",[33,143567,143568,143570],{},[15,143569,143552],{}," removes from the left side only",[33,143572,143573,143575],{},[15,143574,143555],{}," removes from the right side only",[20,143577,506],{},[65,143579,143581],{"className":67,"code":143580,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"  hello  \"\n\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nprint(repr(text.lstrip()))\nprint(repr(text.rstrip()))\n",[15,143582,143583,143595,143599,143617,143636],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,143584,143585,143587,143589,143591,143593],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,143586,81],{"class":80},[74,143588,85],{"class":84},[74,143590,89],{"class":88},[74,143592,142828],{"class":92},[74,143594,96],{"class":88},[74,143596,143597],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,143598,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,143600,143601,143603,143605,143607,143609,143611,143613,143615],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,143602,103],{"class":102},[74,143604,107],{"class":106},[74,143606,41434],{"class":102},[74,143608,107],{"class":106},[74,143610,111],{"class":110},[74,143612,114],{"class":106},[74,143614,8292],{"class":110},[74,143616,5942],{"class":106},[74,143618,143619,143621,143623,143625,143627,143629,143631,143634],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,143620,103],{"class":102},[74,143622,107],{"class":106},[74,143624,41434],{"class":102},[74,143626,107],{"class":106},[74,143628,111],{"class":110},[74,143630,114],{"class":106},[74,143632,143633],{"class":110},"lstrip",[74,143635,5942],{"class":106},[74,143637,143638,143640,143642,143644,143646,143648,143650,143653],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,143639,103],{"class":102},[74,143641,107],{"class":106},[74,143643,41434],{"class":102},[74,143645,107],{"class":106},[74,143647,111],{"class":110},[74,143649,114],{"class":106},[74,143651,143652],{"class":110},"rstrip",[74,143654,5942],{"class":106},[20,143656,157],{},[65,143658,143660],{"className":67,"code":143659,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"'hello'\n'hello  '\n'  hello'\n",[15,143661,143662,143670,143679],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,143663,143664,143666,143668],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,143665,2946],{"class":42983},[74,143667,3497],{"class":42987},[74,143669,29355],{"class":42983},[74,143671,143672,143674,143677],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,143673,2946],{"class":42983},[74,143675,143676],{"class":42987},"hello  ",[74,143678,29355],{"class":42983},[74,143680,143681,143683,143686],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,143682,2946],{"class":42983},[74,143684,143685],{"class":42987},"  hello",[74,143687,29355],{"class":42983},[20,143689,143690],{},"Choose the method based on which side needs cleaning.",[60,143692,107998],{"id":107997},[20,143694,143695],{},"These points are worth remembering:",[30,143697,143698,143706,143716,143719],{},[33,143699,143700,143702,143703,143705],{},[15,143701,143521],{}," does not remove the exact text ",[15,143704,41184],{}," once",[33,143707,143708,143709,220,143711,1835,143713,143715],{},"It removes any of the characters ",[15,143710,125],{},[15,143712,4412],{},[15,143714,9396],{}," from both ends",[33,143717,143718],{},"Middle characters are untouched",[33,143720,143721],{},"Save the result to a variable if you want to use the cleaned string",[20,143723,506],{},[65,143725,143727],{"className":67,"code":143726,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"filename = \"txt_report.txt\"\nprint(filename.strip(\".txt\"))\n",[15,143728,143729,143742],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,143730,143731,143733,143735,143737,143740],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,143732,125904],{"class":80},[74,143734,85],{"class":84},[74,143736,89],{"class":88},[74,143738,143739],{"class":92},"txt_report.txt",[74,143741,96],{"class":88},[74,143743,143744,143746,143748,143750,143752,143754,143756,143758,143760,143762],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,143745,103],{"class":102},[74,143747,107],{"class":106},[74,143749,125922],{"class":110},[74,143751,114],{"class":106},[74,143753,8292],{"class":110},[74,143755,107],{"class":106},[74,143757,122],{"class":88},[74,143759,125957],{"class":92},[74,143761,122],{"class":88},[74,143763,130],{"class":106},[20,143765,157],{},[65,143767,143769],{"className":67,"code":143768,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"_report\n",[15,143770,143771],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,143772,143773],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,143774,143768],{"class":80},[20,143776,143777,143778,220,143780,1835,143782,143784],{},"This happens because Python removes any ",[15,143779,114],{},[15,143781,62934],{},[15,143783,1816],{}," characters from both ends.",[20,143786,53305,143787,4435,143790,143792],{},[15,143788,143789],{},"strip(\".txt\")",[332,143791,334],{}," a safe way to remove a file extension.",[20,143794,143795,143796,143800],{},"If you need to change exact text in a string, ",[125,143797,143798],{"href":129402},[15,143799,1310],{}," is often a better fit for simple cases.",[60,143802,1260,143804],{"id":143803},"when-to-use-strip",[15,143805,41308],{},[20,143807,176,143808,143810],{},[15,143809,41308],{}," when you need to clean text at the edges of a string.",[20,143812,36082],{},[30,143814,143815,143819,143821,143824],{},[33,143816,143137,143817,3538],{},[15,143818,2601],{},[33,143820,143142],{},[33,143822,143823],{},"Removing accidental spaces before validation",[33,143825,143826],{},"Preparing text before comparisons",[20,143828,506],{},[65,143830,143832],{"className":67,"code":143831,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"email = \"  user@example.com  \"\n\nif email.strip():\n    print(\"Email was entered\")\n",[15,143833,143834,143848,143852,143865],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,143835,143836,143839,143841,143843,143846],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,143837,143838],{"class":80},"email ",[74,143840,85],{"class":84},[74,143842,89],{"class":88},[74,143844,143845],{"class":92},"  user@example.com  ",[74,143847,96],{"class":88},[74,143849,143850],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,143851,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,143853,143854,143856,143859,143861,143863],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,143855,6651],{"class":3529},[74,143857,143858],{"class":80}," email",[74,143860,114],{"class":106},[74,143862,8292],{"class":110},[74,143864,21251],{"class":106},[74,143866,143867,143869,143871,143873,143876,143878],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,143868,7726],{"class":102},[74,143870,107],{"class":106},[74,143872,122],{"class":88},[74,143874,143875],{"class":92},"Email was entered",[74,143877,122],{"class":88},[74,143879,260],{"class":106},[20,143881,157],{},[65,143883,143885],{"className":67,"code":143884,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"Email was entered\n",[15,143886,143887],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,143888,143889],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,143890,143884],{"class":80},[20,143892,143893,143894,143896,143897,114],{},"You may also combine ",[15,143895,41308],{}," with other string methods. For example, after removing extra spaces, you might convert text to lowercase with ",[125,143898,143899],{"href":852},[15,143900,855],{},[60,143902,914],{"id":913},[20,143904,83877],{},[30,143906,143907,143911,143916,143921],{},[33,143908,923,143909,131041],{},[15,143910,41308],{},[33,143912,923,143913,143915],{},[15,143914,41308],{}," to remove text from the middle",[33,143917,571,143918,143920],{},[15,143919,143789],{}," and expecting only the exact file extension to be removed",[33,143922,4355,143923,143926],{},[15,143924,143925],{},"strip(chars)"," removes any matching characters, not a whole substring",[20,143928,143929],{},"Here is a quick debugging example:",[65,143931,143933],{"className":67,"code":143932,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"  hello\\n\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\n",[15,143934,143935,143949,143953,143963,143977,143991],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,143936,143937,143939,143941,143943,143945,143947],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,143938,81],{"class":80},[74,143940,85],{"class":84},[74,143942,89],{"class":88},[74,143944,143685],{"class":92},[74,143946,86790],{"class":34111},[74,143948,96],{"class":88},[74,143950,143951],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,143952,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,143954,143955,143957,143959,143961],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,143956,103],{"class":102},[74,143958,107],{"class":106},[74,143960,111],{"class":110},[74,143962,260],{"class":106},[74,143964,143965,143967,143969,143971,143973,143975],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,143966,103],{"class":102},[74,143968,107],{"class":106},[74,143970,41434],{"class":102},[74,143972,107],{"class":106},[74,143974,111],{"class":110},[74,143976,130],{"class":106},[74,143978,143979,143981,143983,143985,143987,143989],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,143980,103],{"class":102},[74,143982,107],{"class":106},[74,143984,111],{"class":110},[74,143986,114],{"class":106},[74,143988,8292],{"class":110},[74,143990,6848],{"class":106},[74,143992,143993,143995,143997,143999,144001,144003,144005,144007],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,143994,103],{"class":102},[74,143996,107],{"class":106},[74,143998,41434],{"class":102},[74,144000,107],{"class":106},[74,144002,111],{"class":110},[74,144004,114],{"class":106},[74,144006,8292],{"class":110},[74,144008,5942],{"class":106},[20,144010,157],{},[65,144012,144014],{"className":67,"code":144013,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"  hello\n\n'  hello\\n'\nhello\n'hello'\n",[15,144015,144016,144021,144025,144035,144039],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,144017,144018],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,144019,144020],{"class":80},"  hello\n",[74,144022,144023],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,144024,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,144026,144027,144029,144031,144033],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,144028,2946],{"class":42983},[74,144030,143685],{"class":42987},[74,144032,86790],{"class":143362},[74,144034,29355],{"class":42983},[74,144036,144037],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,144038,138136],{"class":80},[74,144040,144041,144043,144045],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,144042,2946],{"class":42983},[74,144044,3497],{"class":42987},[74,144046,29355],{"class":42983},[20,144048,144049],{},"Useful debugging commands:",[65,144051,144053],{"className":67,"code":144052,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nhelp(str.strip)\n",[15,144054,144055,144065,144079,144093,144111],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,144056,144057,144059,144061,144063],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,144058,103],{"class":102},[74,144060,107],{"class":106},[74,144062,111],{"class":110},[74,144064,260],{"class":106},[74,144066,144067,144069,144071,144073,144075,144077],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,144068,103],{"class":102},[74,144070,107],{"class":106},[74,144072,41434],{"class":102},[74,144074,107],{"class":106},[74,144076,111],{"class":110},[74,144078,130],{"class":106},[74,144080,144081,144083,144085,144087,144089,144091],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,144082,103],{"class":102},[74,144084,107],{"class":106},[74,144086,111],{"class":110},[74,144088,114],{"class":106},[74,144090,8292],{"class":110},[74,144092,6848],{"class":106},[74,144094,144095,144097,144099,144101,144103,144105,144107,144109],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,144096,103],{"class":102},[74,144098,107],{"class":106},[74,144100,41434],{"class":102},[74,144102,107],{"class":106},[74,144104,111],{"class":110},[74,144106,114],{"class":106},[74,144108,8292],{"class":110},[74,144110,5942],{"class":106},[74,144112,144113,144115,144117,144119,144121,144123],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,144114,31809],{"class":102},[74,144116,107],{"class":106},[74,144118,3090],{"class":1345},[74,144120,114],{"class":106},[74,144122,8292],{"class":24406},[74,144124,260],{"class":106},[20,144126,144127,144129],{},[15,144128,122204],{}," is very helpful because it shows hidden whitespace clearly.",[60,144131,1471],{"id":1470},[262,144133,1517,144135,144137],{"id":144134},"does-strip-remove-spaces-in-the-middle-of-a-string",[15,144136,41308],{}," remove spaces in the middle of a string?",[20,144139,46019,144140,144142],{},[15,144141,41308],{}," only removes characters from the start and end of the string.",[262,144144,1517,144146,1478],{"id":144145},"does-strip-change-the-original-string",[15,144147,41308],{},[20,144149,144150],{},"No. It returns a new string because Python strings are immutable.",[262,144152,1495,144154,144156],{"id":144153},"what-does-strip-remove-by-default",[15,144155,41308],{}," remove by default?",[20,144158,144159],{},"It removes whitespace such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters from both ends.",[262,144161,33863,144163,33866,144165,2135],{"id":144162},"how-is-strip-different-from-replace",[15,144164,41308],{},[15,144166,1310],{},[20,144168,144169,144171,144172,144174],{},[15,144170,41308],{}," removes characters only from the ends. ",[15,144173,1310],{}," can change matching text anywhere in the string.",[262,144176,144178],{"id":144177},"can-i-remove-only-the-left-or-right-side","Can I remove only the left or right side?",[20,144180,127694,144181,144183,144184,144186],{},[15,144182,143552],{}," for the left side and ",[15,144185,143555],{}," for the right side.",[60,144188,1527],{"id":1526},[30,144190,144191,144197,144203,144208,144213],{},[33,144192,144193],{},[125,144194,125821,144195,10399],{"href":852},[15,144196,855],{},[33,144198,144199],{},[125,144200,125821,144201,10399],{"href":129402},[15,144202,1310],{},[33,144204,144205],{},[125,144206,144207],{"href":143289},"How to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[33,144209,144210],{},[125,144211,144212],{"href":87443},"How to read a file line by line in Python",[33,144214,144215],{},[125,144216,124576],{"href":50627},[1566,144218,144219],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.sfi6f{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":70,"searchDepth":99,"depth":99,"links":144221},[144222,144223,144225,144229,144231,144232,144234,144235,144237,144238,144249],{"id":3255,"depth":99,"text":3256},{"id":142874,"depth":99,"text":144224},"What strip() does",{"id":226,"depth":99,"text":227,"children":144226},[144227,144228],{"id":142997,"depth":133,"text":142989},{"id":143048,"depth":133,"text":142994},{"id":143122,"depth":99,"text":144230},"Remove whitespace with strip()",{"id":143388,"depth":99,"text":143389},{"id":143547,"depth":99,"text":144233},"strip() vs lstrip() vs rstrip()",{"id":107997,"depth":99,"text":107998},{"id":143803,"depth":99,"text":144236},"When to use strip()",{"id":913,"depth":99,"text":914},{"id":1470,"depth":99,"text":1471,"children":144239},[144240,144242,144244,144246,144248],{"id":144134,"depth":133,"text":144241},"Does strip() remove spaces in the middle of a string?",{"id":144145,"depth":133,"text":144243},"Does strip() change the original string?",{"id":144153,"depth":133,"text":144245},"What does strip() remove by default?",{"id":144162,"depth":133,"text":144247},"How is strip() different from replace()?",{"id":144177,"depth":133,"text":144178},{"id":1526,"depth":99,"text":1527},"Master python string strip method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method",{"title":142795,"description":144250},"reference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method","V33HNckrK0iU0Rb4v9xwAECg55fn4E8r6Jrd6VFtyd0",{"id":144257,"title":144258,"body":144259,"description":145439,"extension":1610,"meta":145440,"navigation":407,"path":145441,"seo":145442,"stem":145443,"__hash__":145444},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method.md","Python String upper() Method",{"type":7,"value":144260,"toc":145409},[144261,144266,144271,144276,144278,144324,144332,144337,144351,144357,144359,144361,144376,144378,144388,144391,144422,144425,144448,144450,144453,144510,144512,144526,144528,144542,144548,144553,144556,144597,144599,144608,144616,144619,144664,144666,144675,144678,144682,144687,144701,144703,144735,144737,144757,144760,144765,144770,144772,144783,144786,144843,144845,144853,144862,144864,144866,144872,144874,144911,144913,144921,144923,144964,144966,144975,144980,144985,144987,145014,145021,145024,145055,145057,145066,145072,145081,145112,145114,145126,145139,145143,145148,145178,145180,145247,145249,145259,145261,145266,145269,145274,145279,145283,145289,145295,145298,145300,145358,145360,145368,145370,145406],[10,144262,13,144264,18],{"id":144263},"python-string-upper-method",[15,144265,127699],{},[20,144267,22,144268,144270],{},[15,144269,127699],{}," method returns a new string with lowercase letters changed to uppercase.",[20,144272,84254,144273,144275],{},[15,144274,127699],{}," does, how to use it, what it returns, and a few common beginner mistakes. It stays focused on the method itself.",[60,144277,63],{"id":62},[65,144279,144281],{"className":67,"code":144280,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"Hello World\"\nresult = text.upper()\nprint(result)\n# HELLO WORLD\n",[15,144282,144283,144295,144309,144319],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,144284,144285,144287,144289,144291,144293],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,144286,81],{"class":80},[74,144288,85],{"class":84},[74,144290,89],{"class":88},[74,144292,128540],{"class":92},[74,144294,96],{"class":88},[74,144296,144297,144299,144301,144303,144305,144307],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,144298,383],{"class":80},[74,144300,85],{"class":84},[74,144302,388],{"class":80},[74,144304,114],{"class":106},[74,144306,34136],{"class":110},[74,144308,8299],{"class":106},[74,144310,144311,144313,144315,144317],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,144312,103],{"class":102},[74,144314,107],{"class":106},[74,144316,418],{"class":110},[74,144318,260],{"class":106},[74,144320,144321],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,144322,144323],{"class":3314},"# HELLO WORLD\n",[20,144325,144326,144328,144329,144331],{},[15,144327,127699],{}," returns a new string with letters changed to uppercase. It does ",[332,144330,334],{}," change the original string in place.",[60,144333,3328,144335,38],{"id":144334},"what-upper-does",[15,144336,127699],{},[30,144338,144339,144344,144347,144349],{},[33,144340,144341,144343],{},[15,144342,127699],{}," returns a copy of a string with lowercase letters converted to uppercase",[33,144345,144346],{},"It works on string values only",[33,144348,133069],{},[33,144350,135787],{},[20,144352,124573,144353,339,144355,114],{},[125,144354,135793],{"href":135792},[125,144356,124576],{"href":50627},[60,144358,227],{"id":226},[20,144360,1802],{},[65,144362,144364],{"className":67,"code":144363,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"string.upper()\n",[15,144365,144366],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,144367,144368,144370,144372,144374],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,144369,237],{"class":80},[74,144371,114],{"class":106},[74,144373,34136],{"class":110},[74,144375,8299],{"class":106},[20,144377,11117],{},[30,144379,144380,144382,144385],{},[33,144381,97164],{},[33,144383,144384],{},"You call it on a string variable or string literal",[33,144386,144387],{},"It returns the uppercase version of the string",[20,144389,144390],{},"Example with a variable:",[65,144392,144394],{"className":67,"code":144393,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"name = \"python\"\nprint(name.upper())\n",[15,144395,144396,144408],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,144397,144398,144400,144402,144404,144406],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,144399,7533],{"class":80},[74,144401,85],{"class":84},[74,144403,89],{"class":88},[74,144405,69],{"class":92},[74,144407,96],{"class":88},[74,144409,144410,144412,144414,144416,144418,144420],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,144411,103],{"class":102},[74,144413,107],{"class":106},[74,144415,7323],{"class":110},[74,144417,114],{"class":106},[74,144419,34136],{"class":110},[74,144421,6848],{"class":106},[20,144423,144424],{},"Example with a string literal:",[65,144426,144428],{"className":67,"code":144427,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(\"hello\".upper())\n",[15,144429,144430],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,144431,144432,144434,144436,144438,144440,144442,144444,144446],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,144433,103],{"class":102},[74,144435,107],{"class":106},[74,144437,122],{"class":88},[74,144439,3497],{"class":92},[74,144441,122],{"class":88},[74,144443,114],{"class":106},[74,144445,34136],{"class":110},[74,144447,6848],{"class":106},[60,144449,357],{"id":356},[20,144451,144452],{},"Here is a basic example that converts a lowercase word to uppercase and stores the result in a new variable:",[65,144454,144456],{"className":67,"code":144455,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"word = \"banana\"\nuppercase_word = word.upper()\n\nprint(word)\nprint(uppercase_word)\n",[15,144457,144458,144470,144485,144489,144499],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,144459,144460,144462,144464,144466,144468],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,144461,5806],{"class":80},[74,144463,85],{"class":84},[74,144465,89],{"class":88},[74,144467,93],{"class":92},[74,144469,96],{"class":88},[74,144471,144472,144475,144477,144479,144481,144483],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,144473,144474],{"class":80},"uppercase_word ",[74,144476,85],{"class":84},[74,144478,38037],{"class":80},[74,144480,114],{"class":106},[74,144482,34136],{"class":110},[74,144484,8299],{"class":106},[74,144486,144487],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,144488,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,144490,144491,144493,144495,144497],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,144492,103],{"class":102},[74,144494,107],{"class":106},[74,144496,38047],{"class":110},[74,144498,260],{"class":106},[74,144500,144501,144503,144505,144508],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,144502,103],{"class":102},[74,144504,107],{"class":106},[74,144506,144507],{"class":110},"uppercase_word",[74,144509,260],{"class":106},[20,144511,157],{},[65,144513,144515],{"className":67,"code":144514,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"banana\nBANANA\n",[15,144516,144517,144521],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,144518,144519],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,144520,70047],{"class":80},[74,144522,144523],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,144524,144525],{"class":34111},"BANANA\n",[20,144527,112104],{},[30,144529,144530,144535],{},[33,144531,144532,144534],{},[15,144533,38047],{}," keeps its original value",[33,144536,144537,144539,144540],{},[15,144538,144507],{}," stores the returned value from ",[15,144541,127699],{},[60,144543,144545,144547],{"id":144544},"upper-does-not-change-the-original-string",[15,144546,127699],{}," does not change the original string",[20,144549,136453,144550,144552],{},[332,144551,136456],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change the characters inside a string directly.",[20,144554,144555],{},"So this method:",[65,144557,144559],{"className":67,"code":144558,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"name = \"alice\"\nname.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,144560,144561,144573,144583,144587],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,144562,144563,144565,144567,144569,144571],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,144564,7533],{"class":80},[74,144566,85],{"class":84},[74,144568,89],{"class":88},[74,144570,17458],{"class":92},[74,144572,96],{"class":88},[74,144574,144575,144577,144579,144581],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,144576,7323],{"class":80},[74,144578,114],{"class":106},[74,144580,34136],{"class":110},[74,144582,8299],{"class":106},[74,144584,144585],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,144586,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,144588,144589,144591,144593,144595],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,144590,103],{"class":102},[74,144592,107],{"class":106},[74,144594,7323],{"class":110},[74,144596,260],{"class":106},[20,144598,157],{},[65,144600,144602],{"className":67,"code":144601,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"alice\n",[15,144603,144604],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,144605,144606],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,144607,144601],{"class":80},[20,144609,20633,144610,144612,144613,144615],{},[15,144611,127699],{}," was called, ",[15,144614,7323],{}," did not change because the result was not saved.",[20,144617,144618],{},"If you want to keep the uppercase version, assign it back to the variable:",[65,144620,144622],{"className":67,"code":144621,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"name = \"alice\"\nname = name.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,144623,144624,144636,144650,144654],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,144625,144626,144628,144630,144632,144634],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,144627,7533],{"class":80},[74,144629,85],{"class":84},[74,144631,89],{"class":88},[74,144633,17458],{"class":92},[74,144635,96],{"class":88},[74,144637,144638,144640,144642,144644,144646,144648],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,144639,7533],{"class":80},[74,144641,85],{"class":84},[74,144643,35649],{"class":80},[74,144645,114],{"class":106},[74,144647,34136],{"class":110},[74,144649,8299],{"class":106},[74,144651,144652],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,144653,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,144655,144656,144658,144660,144662],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,144657,103],{"class":102},[74,144659,107],{"class":106},[74,144661,7323],{"class":110},[74,144663,260],{"class":106},[20,144665,157],{},[65,144667,144669],{"className":67,"code":144668,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"ALICE\n",[15,144670,144671],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,144672,144673],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,144674,144668],{"class":34111},[20,144676,144677],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes with string methods.",[60,144679,144681],{"id":144680},"what-happens-to-numbers-spaces-and-symbols","What happens to numbers, spaces, and symbols",[20,144683,144684,144686],{},[15,144685,127699],{}," only changes letters that have uppercase forms.",[30,144688,144689,144692,144695,144698],{},[33,144690,144691],{},"Numbers stay the same",[33,144693,144694],{},"Spaces stay the same",[33,144696,144697],{},"Punctuation stays the same",[33,144699,144700],{},"Only letters are changed",[20,144702,506],{},[65,144704,144706],{"className":67,"code":144705,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"Room 7, table #3!\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,144707,144708,144721],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,144709,144710,144712,144714,144716,144719],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,144711,81],{"class":80},[74,144713,85],{"class":84},[74,144715,89],{"class":88},[74,144717,144718],{"class":92},"Room 7, table #3!",[74,144720,96],{"class":88},[74,144722,144723,144725,144727,144729,144731,144733],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,144724,103],{"class":102},[74,144726,107],{"class":106},[74,144728,111],{"class":110},[74,144730,114],{"class":106},[74,144732,34136],{"class":110},[74,144734,6848],{"class":106},[20,144736,157],{},[65,144738,144740],{"className":67,"code":144739,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"ROOM 7, TABLE #3!\n",[15,144741,144742],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,144743,144744,144747,144749,144751,144754],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,144745,144746],{"class":34111},"ROOM",[74,144748,5645],{"class":167},[74,144750,249],{"class":106},[74,144752,144753],{"class":34111}," TABLE",[74,144755,144756],{"class":3314}," #3!\n",[20,144758,144759],{},"The letters changed to uppercase, but the number, space, comma, and symbol stayed the same.",[60,144761,1260,144763],{"id":144762},"when-to-use-upper",[15,144764,127699],{},[20,144766,144767,144769],{},[15,144768,127699],{}," is useful when you want to standardize text.",[20,144771,47991],{},[30,144773,144774,144777,144780],{},[33,144775,144776],{},"Standardize user input for comparisons",[33,144778,144779],{},"Format labels or headings",[33,144781,144782],{},"Make text easier to compare in simple cases",[20,144784,144785],{},"Example: simple comparison",[65,144787,144789],{"className":67,"code":144788,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"answer = \"yes\"\n\nif answer.upper() == \"YES\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,144790,144791,144803,144807,144829],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,144792,144793,144795,144797,144799,144801],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,144794,136064],{"class":80},[74,144796,85],{"class":84},[74,144798,89],{"class":88},[74,144800,8314],{"class":92},[74,144802,96],{"class":88},[74,144804,144805],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,144806,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,144808,144809,144811,144813,144815,144817,144819,144821,144823,144825,144827],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,144810,6651],{"class":3529},[74,144812,136084],{"class":80},[74,144814,114],{"class":106},[74,144816,34136],{"class":110},[74,144818,7020],{"class":106},[74,144820,6061],{"class":84},[74,144822,89],{"class":88},[74,144824,136071],{"class":92},[74,144826,122],{"class":88},[74,144828,6046],{"class":106},[74,144830,144831,144833,144835,144837,144839,144841],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,144832,7726],{"class":102},[74,144834,107],{"class":106},[74,144836,122],{"class":88},[74,144838,143268],{"class":92},[74,144840,122],{"class":88},[74,144842,260],{"class":106},[20,144844,157],{},[65,144846,144847],{"className":67,"code":143277,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,144848,144849],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,144850,144851],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,144852,143277],{"class":80},[20,144854,144855,144856,220,144858,1835,144860,114],{},"This can help when users type different letter cases, such as ",[15,144857,8314],{},[15,144859,136857],{},[15,144861,136071],{},[60,144863,914],{"id":913},[262,144865,95525],{"id":95524},[20,144867,7774,144868,144871],{},[15,144869,144870],{},"text.upper()"," to change the original variable automatically.",[20,144873,16302],{},[65,144875,144877],{"className":67,"code":144876,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,144878,144879,144891,144901],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,144880,144881,144883,144885,144887,144889],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,144882,81],{"class":80},[74,144884,85],{"class":84},[74,144886,89],{"class":88},[74,144888,3497],{"class":92},[74,144890,96],{"class":88},[74,144892,144893,144895,144897,144899],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,144894,111],{"class":80},[74,144896,114],{"class":106},[74,144898,34136],{"class":110},[74,144900,8299],{"class":106},[74,144902,144903,144905,144907,144909],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,144904,103],{"class":102},[74,144906,107],{"class":106},[74,144908,111],{"class":110},[74,144910,260],{"class":106},[20,144912,157],{},[65,144914,144915],{"className":67,"code":138136,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,144916,144917],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,144918,144919],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,144920,138136],{"class":80},[20,144922,16314],{},[65,144924,144926],{"className":67,"code":144925,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"hello\"\ntext = text.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,144927,144928,144940,144954],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,144929,144930,144932,144934,144936,144938],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,144931,81],{"class":80},[74,144933,85],{"class":84},[74,144935,89],{"class":88},[74,144937,3497],{"class":92},[74,144939,96],{"class":88},[74,144941,144942,144944,144946,144948,144950,144952],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,144943,81],{"class":80},[74,144945,85],{"class":84},[74,144947,388],{"class":80},[74,144949,114],{"class":106},[74,144951,34136],{"class":110},[74,144953,8299],{"class":106},[74,144955,144956,144958,144960,144962],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,144957,103],{"class":102},[74,144959,107],{"class":106},[74,144961,111],{"class":110},[74,144963,260],{"class":106},[20,144965,157],{},[65,144967,144969],{"className":67,"code":144968,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"HELLO\n",[15,144970,144971],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,144972,144973],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,144974,144968],{"class":34111},[262,144976,18562,144978,136743],{"id":144977},"trying-to-call-upper-on-a-non-string-value",[15,144979,127699],{},[20,144981,144982,144984],{},[15,144983,127699],{}," is a string method. If the value is not a string, it will fail.",[20,144986,506],{},[65,144988,144990],{"className":67,"code":144989,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"number = 123\nprint(number.upper())\n",[15,144991,144992,145000],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,144993,144994,144996,144998],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,144995,1859],{"class":80},[74,144997,85],{"class":84},[74,144999,124503],{"class":167},[74,145001,145002,145004,145006,145008,145010,145012],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,145003,103],{"class":102},[74,145005,107],{"class":106},[74,145007,1881],{"class":110},[74,145009,114],{"class":106},[74,145011,34136],{"class":110},[74,145013,6848],{"class":106},[20,145015,39310,145016,145018,145019,33258],{},[15,145017,1831],{}," objects do not have an ",[15,145020,127699],{},[20,145022,145023],{},"If needed, convert the value to a string first:",[65,145025,145027],{"className":67,"code":145026,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"number = 123\nprint(str(number).upper())\n",[15,145028,145029,145037],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,145030,145031,145033,145035],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,145032,1859],{"class":80},[74,145034,85],{"class":84},[74,145036,124503],{"class":167},[74,145038,145039,145041,145043,145045,145047,145049,145051,145053],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,145040,103],{"class":102},[74,145042,107],{"class":106},[74,145044,3090],{"class":1345},[74,145046,107],{"class":106},[74,145048,1881],{"class":110},[74,145050,8289],{"class":106},[74,145052,34136],{"class":110},[74,145054,6848],{"class":106},[20,145056,157],{},[65,145058,145060],{"className":67,"code":145059,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"123\n",[15,145061,145062],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,145063,145064],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,145065,145059],{"class":167},[262,145067,1123,145069,145071],{"id":145068},"confusing-upper-with-title-case",[15,145070,127699],{}," with title case",[20,145073,145074,145076,145077,145080],{},[15,145075,127699],{}," makes ",[332,145078,145079],{},"all letters uppercase",". It does not make every word start with a capital letter.",[65,145082,145084],{"className":67,"code":145083,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,145085,145086,145098],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,145087,145088,145090,145092,145094,145096],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,145089,81],{"class":80},[74,145091,85],{"class":84},[74,145093,89],{"class":88},[74,145095,60054],{"class":92},[74,145097,96],{"class":88},[74,145099,145100,145102,145104,145106,145108,145110],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,145101,103],{"class":102},[74,145103,107],{"class":106},[74,145105,111],{"class":110},[74,145107,114],{"class":106},[74,145109,34136],{"class":110},[74,145111,6848],{"class":106},[20,145113,157],{},[65,145115,145117],{"className":67,"code":145116,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"HELLO WORLD\n",[15,145118,145119],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,145120,145121,145123],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,145122,135845],{"class":34111},[74,145124,145125],{"class":34111}," WORLD\n",[20,145127,145128,145129,145133,145134,145138],{},"If your goal is different, another method may fit better. For example, ",[125,145130,145131],{"href":852},[15,145132,855],{}," makes text lowercase, and ",[125,145135,145136],{"href":129402},[15,145137,1310],{}," changes parts of a string.",[60,145140,145142],{"id":145141},"related-string-methods","Related string methods",[20,145144,145145,145146,679],{},"These string methods are often used with ",[15,145147,127699],{},[30,145149,145150,145157,145164,145171],{},[33,145151,145152,145156],{},[125,145153,145154],{"href":852},[15,145155,855],{}," for lowercase text",[33,145158,145159,145163],{},[125,145160,145161],{"href":136391},[15,145162,41308],{}," for removing leading and trailing whitespace",[33,145165,145166,145170],{},[125,145167,145168],{"href":129402},[15,145169,1310],{}," for changing parts of a string",[33,145172,145173,51,145175,145177],{},[15,145174,127189],{},[15,145176,125879],{}," for checks",[20,145179,506],{},[65,145181,145183],{"className":67,"code":145182,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\ncleaned = text.strip()\nloud = cleaned.upper()\n\nprint(loud)\n",[15,145184,145185,145197,145201,145216,145232,145236],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,145186,145187,145189,145191,145193,145195],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,145188,81],{"class":80},[74,145190,85],{"class":84},[74,145192,89],{"class":88},[74,145194,142919],{"class":92},[74,145196,96],{"class":88},[74,145198,145199],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,145200,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,145202,145203,145206,145208,145210,145212,145214],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,145204,145205],{"class":80},"cleaned ",[74,145207,85],{"class":84},[74,145209,388],{"class":80},[74,145211,114],{"class":106},[74,145213,8292],{"class":110},[74,145215,8299],{"class":106},[74,145217,145218,145221,145223,145226,145228,145230],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,145219,145220],{"class":80},"loud ",[74,145222,85],{"class":84},[74,145224,145225],{"class":80}," cleaned",[74,145227,114],{"class":106},[74,145229,34136],{"class":110},[74,145231,8299],{"class":106},[74,145233,145234],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,145235,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,145237,145238,145240,145242,145245],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,145239,103],{"class":102},[74,145241,107],{"class":106},[74,145243,145244],{"class":110},"loud",[74,145246,260],{"class":106},[20,145248,157],{},[65,145250,145251],{"className":67,"code":145116,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,145252,145253],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,145254,145255,145257],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,145256,135845],{"class":34111},[74,145258,145125],{"class":34111},[60,145260,1471],{"id":1470},[262,145262,1517,145264,1478],{"id":145263},"does-upper-change-the-original-string",[15,145265,127699],{},[20,145267,145268],{},"No. It returns a new uppercase string. Save the result if you want to keep it.",[262,145270,1517,145272,137125],{"id":145271},"does-upper-take-any-arguments",[15,145273,127699],{},[20,145275,145276,145277,114],{},"No. The method is called with empty parentheses: ",[15,145278,144870],{},[262,145280,145282],{"id":145281},"what-happens-to-numbers-and-symbols","What happens to numbers and symbols?",[20,145284,145285,145286,145288],{},"They stay the same. ",[15,145287,127699],{}," only changes letters that can be converted to uppercase.",[262,145290,27983,145292,145294],{"id":145291},"can-i-use-upper-for-case-insensitive-comparison",[15,145293,127699],{}," for case-insensitive comparison?",[20,145296,145297],{},"Yes, for simple cases. Convert both strings before comparing them.",[20,145299,506],{},[65,145301,145303],{"className":67,"code":145302,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"a = \"python\"\nb = \"PYTHON\"\n\nprint(a.upper() == b.upper())\n",[15,145304,145305,145317,145330,145334],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,145306,145307,145309,145311,145313,145315],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,145308,2198],{"class":80},[74,145310,85],{"class":84},[74,145312,89],{"class":88},[74,145314,69],{"class":92},[74,145316,96],{"class":88},[74,145318,145319,145321,145323,145325,145328],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,145320,2226],{"class":80},[74,145322,85],{"class":84},[74,145324,89],{"class":88},[74,145326,145327],{"class":92},"PYTHON",[74,145329,96],{"class":88},[74,145331,145332],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,145333,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,145335,145336,145338,145340,145342,145344,145346,145348,145350,145352,145354,145356],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,145337,103],{"class":102},[74,145339,107],{"class":106},[74,145341,125],{"class":110},[74,145343,114],{"class":106},[74,145345,34136],{"class":110},[74,145347,7020],{"class":106},[74,145349,6061],{"class":84},[74,145351,2203],{"class":110},[74,145353,114],{"class":106},[74,145355,34136],{"class":110},[74,145357,6848],{"class":106},[20,145359,157],{},[65,145361,145362],{"className":67,"code":3631,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,145363,145364],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,145365,145366],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,145367,3631],{"class":3504},[60,145369,1527],{"id":1526},[30,145371,145372,145376,145382,145388,145394,145398,145402],{},[33,145373,145374],{},[125,145375,124576],{"href":50627},[33,145377,145378],{},[125,145379,125821,145380,10399],{"href":852},[15,145381,855],{},[33,145383,145384],{},[125,145385,125821,145386,10399],{"href":136391},[15,145387,41308],{},[33,145389,145390],{},[125,145391,125821,145392,10399],{"href":129402},[15,145393,1310],{},[33,145395,145396],{},[125,145397,90319],{"href":89329},[33,145399,145400],{},[125,145401,1557],{"href":348},[33,145403,145404],{},[125,145405,137211],{"href":135792},[1566,145407,145408],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":70,"searchDepth":99,"depth":99,"links":145410},[145411,145412,145414,145415,145416,145418,145419,145421,145428,145429,145438],{"id":62,"depth":99,"text":63},{"id":144334,"depth":99,"text":145413},"What upper() does",{"id":226,"depth":99,"text":227},{"id":356,"depth":99,"text":357},{"id":144544,"depth":99,"text":145417},"upper() does not change the original string",{"id":144680,"depth":99,"text":144681},{"id":144762,"depth":99,"text":145420},"When to use upper()",{"id":913,"depth":99,"text":914,"children":145422},[145423,145424,145426],{"id":95524,"depth":133,"text":95525},{"id":144977,"depth":133,"text":145425},"Trying to call upper() on a non-string value",{"id":145068,"depth":133,"text":145427},"Confusing upper() with title case",{"id":145141,"depth":99,"text":145142},{"id":1470,"depth":99,"text":1471,"children":145430},[145431,145433,145435,145436],{"id":145263,"depth":133,"text":145432},"Does upper() change the original string?",{"id":145271,"depth":133,"text":145434},"Does upper() take any arguments?",{"id":145281,"depth":133,"text":145282},{"id":145291,"depth":133,"text":145437},"Can I use upper() for case-insensitive comparison?",{"id":1526,"depth":99,"text":1527},"Master python string upper method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method",{"title":144258,"description":145439},"reference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method","CsxUKCdYvLDpit9Dq111nYxjaDPu17cNNaa2kyQ-PpY",{"id":145446,"title":145447,"body":145448,"description":147325,"extension":1610,"meta":147326,"navigation":407,"path":147327,"seo":147328,"stem":147329,"__hash__":147330},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained.md","Python sum() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":145449,"toc":147275},[145450,145456,145463,145469,145471,145527,145532,145537,145542,145545,145564,145567,145569,145593,145611,145622,145624,145627,145680,145682,145690,145692,145710,145715,145718,145775,145777,145786,145789,145809,145812,145818,145823,145825,145868,145870,145878,145881,145922,145924,145933,145939,145945,145972,145974,145982,145987,145991,146003,146046,146048,146056,146061,146067,146072,146076,146078,146121,146124,146171,146173,146182,146189,146193,146196,146242,146247,146251,146253,146296,146299,146307,146309,146314,146316,146318,146337,146340,146352,146354,146373,146375,146383,146387,146389,146440,146443,146518,146520,146528,146531,146535,146537,146584,146587,146658,146660,146668,146674,146676,146751,146755,146834,146836,146844,146850,146856,146861,146866,146915,146919,146990,146993,146998,147009,147012,147023,147033,147035,147040,147065,147070,147151,147153,147178,147180,147185,147188,147194,147203,147209,147212,147218,147224,147231,147234,147236,147272],[10,145451,3223,145453,3227],{"id":145452},"python-sum-function-explained",[15,145454,145455],{},"sum()",[20,145457,8778,145458,145460,145461,24420],{},[15,145459,145455],{}," function adds numbers from an iterable such as a list, tuple, or ",[15,145462,59646],{},[20,145464,145465,145466,145468],{},"It is one of the simplest ways to get a total in Python. Beginners often use it to add all numbers in a list, but it also has an optional ",[15,145467,50],{}," value and a few important limits.",[60,145470,63],{"id":62},[65,145472,145474],{"className":67,"code":145473,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)  # 10\n",[15,145475,145476,145500,145515],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,145477,145478,145480,145482,145484,145486,145488,145490,145492,145494,145496,145498],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,145479,3266],{"class":80},[74,145481,85],{"class":84},[74,145483,3271],{"class":106},[74,145485,2632],{"class":167},[74,145487,249],{"class":106},[74,145489,620],{"class":167},[74,145491,249],{"class":106},[74,145493,2094],{"class":167},[74,145495,249],{"class":106},[74,145497,2100],{"class":167},[74,145499,3284],{"class":106},[74,145501,145502,145504,145506,145509,145511,145513],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,145503,40839],{"class":80},[74,145505,85],{"class":84},[74,145507,145508],{"class":102}," sum",[74,145510,107],{"class":106},[74,145512,3298],{"class":110},[74,145514,260],{"class":106},[74,145516,145517,145519,145521,145523,145525],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,145518,103],{"class":102},[74,145520,107],{"class":106},[74,145522,40868],{"class":110},[74,145524,3311],{"class":106},[74,145526,26449],{"class":3314},[20,145528,176,145529,145531],{},[15,145530,145455],{}," to add numbers from an iterable like a list or tuple.",[60,145533,3328,145535,38],{"id":145534},"what-sum-does",[15,145536,145455],{},[20,145538,145539,145541],{},[15,145540,145455],{}," adds numeric values from an iterable.",[20,145543,145544],{},"Common beginner uses include:",[30,145546,145547,145550,145553,145558],{},[33,145548,145549],{},"Adding numbers in a list",[33,145551,145552],{},"Adding values in a tuple",[33,145554,145555,145556],{},"Adding numbers from ",[15,145557,35854],{},[33,145559,145560,145561,145563],{},"Counting ",[15,145562,338],{}," values in a list of booleans",[20,145565,145566],{},"It returns the final total as a number.",[60,145568,227],{"id":226},[65,145570,145572],{"className":67,"code":145571,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"sum(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,145573,145574],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,145575,145576,145579,145581,145583,145585,145587,145589,145591],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,145577,145578],{"class":102},"sum",[74,145580,107],{"class":106},[74,145582,3371],{"class":110},[74,145584,249],{"class":106},[74,145586,252],{"class":8831},[74,145588,85],{"class":84},[74,145590,327],{"class":167},[74,145592,260],{"class":106},[30,145594,145595,145600,145605],{},[33,145596,145597,145599],{},[15,145598,3371],{}," is the group of values to add",[33,145601,145602,145604],{},[15,145603,50],{}," is an optional value added before the iterable values",[33,145606,145607,145608],{},"Most of the time, beginners only need ",[15,145609,145610],{},"sum(iterable)",[20,145612,145613,145614,145617,145618,114],{},"If you are new to the word ",[145615,145616,3371],"em",{},", think of it as a group of values you can loop through, such as a list, tuple, or ",[125,145619,145620,24273],{"href":35851},[15,145621,35854],{},[60,145623,357],{"id":356},[20,145625,145626],{},"Here is a basic example with a list of integers:",[65,145628,145630],{"className":67,"code":145629,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [5, 10, 15]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,145631,145632,145652,145666,145670],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,145633,145634,145636,145638,145640,145642,145644,145646,145648,145650],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,145635,3266],{"class":80},[74,145637,85],{"class":84},[74,145639,3271],{"class":106},[74,145641,711],{"class":167},[74,145643,249],{"class":106},[74,145645,5656],{"class":167},[74,145647,249],{"class":106},[74,145649,37592],{"class":167},[74,145651,3284],{"class":106},[74,145653,145654,145656,145658,145660,145662,145664],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,145655,40839],{"class":80},[74,145657,85],{"class":84},[74,145659,145508],{"class":102},[74,145661,107],{"class":106},[74,145663,3298],{"class":110},[74,145665,260],{"class":106},[74,145667,145668],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,145669,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,145671,145672,145674,145676,145678],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,145673,103],{"class":102},[74,145675,107],{"class":106},[74,145677,40868],{"class":110},[74,145679,260],{"class":106},[20,145681,157],{},[65,145683,145684],{"className":67,"code":69481,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,145685,145686],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,145687,145688],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,145689,69481],{"class":167},[20,145691,11341],{},[30,145693,145694,145699,145705],{},[33,145695,145696,145698],{},[15,145697,3298],{}," contains three integers",[33,145700,145701,145704],{},[15,145702,145703],{},"sum(numbers)"," adds them together",[33,145706,145707,145708],{},"The result is stored in ",[15,145709,40868],{},[60,145711,36269,145713,8091],{"id":145712},"using-the-start-value",[15,145714,50],{},[20,145716,145717],{},"The second argument lets you begin with an extra value before Python adds the iterable items.",[65,145719,145721],{"className":67,"code":145720,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ntotal = sum(numbers, 10)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,145722,145723,145743,145761,145765],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,145724,145725,145727,145729,145731,145733,145735,145737,145739,145741],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,145726,3266],{"class":80},[74,145728,85],{"class":84},[74,145730,3271],{"class":106},[74,145732,2632],{"class":167},[74,145734,249],{"class":106},[74,145736,620],{"class":167},[74,145738,249],{"class":106},[74,145740,2094],{"class":167},[74,145742,3284],{"class":106},[74,145744,145745,145747,145749,145751,145753,145755,145757,145759],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,145746,40839],{"class":80},[74,145748,85],{"class":84},[74,145750,145508],{"class":102},[74,145752,107],{"class":106},[74,145754,3298],{"class":110},[74,145756,249],{"class":106},[74,145758,5656],{"class":167},[74,145760,260],{"class":106},[74,145762,145763],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,145764,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,145766,145767,145769,145771,145773],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,145768,103],{"class":102},[74,145770,107],{"class":106},[74,145772,40868],{"class":110},[74,145774,260],{"class":106},[20,145776,157],{},[65,145778,145780],{"className":67,"code":145779,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"16\n",[15,145781,145782],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,145783,145784],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,145785,145779],{"class":167},[20,145787,145788],{},"This works like:",[30,145790,145791,145796,145801,145805],{},[33,145792,145793,145794],{},"Start at ",[15,145795,1972],{},[33,145797,145798,145799],{},"Add ",[15,145800,2632],{},[33,145802,145798,145803],{},[15,145804,687],{},[33,145806,145798,145807],{},[15,145808,321],{},[20,145810,145811],{},"This is useful when you already have a starting total.",[60,145813,3328,145815,145817],{"id":145814},"what-sum-can-work-with",[15,145816,145455],{}," can work with",[20,145819,145820,145822],{},[15,145821,145455],{}," works with numeric values.",[262,145824,40082],{"id":40081},[65,145826,145828],{"className":67,"code":145827,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"values = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,145829,145830,145854],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,145831,145832,145834,145836,145838,145840,145842,145844,145846,145848,145850,145852],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,145833,3474],{"class":80},[74,145835,85],{"class":84},[74,145837,3271],{"class":106},[74,145839,2632],{"class":167},[74,145841,249],{"class":106},[74,145843,620],{"class":167},[74,145845,249],{"class":106},[74,145847,2094],{"class":167},[74,145849,249],{"class":106},[74,145851,2100],{"class":167},[74,145853,3284],{"class":106},[74,145855,145856,145858,145860,145862,145864,145866],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,145857,103],{"class":102},[74,145859,107],{"class":106},[74,145861,145578],{"class":102},[74,145863,107],{"class":106},[74,145865,5008],{"class":110},[74,145867,130],{"class":106},[20,145869,157],{},[65,145871,145872],{"className":67,"code":2018,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,145873,145874],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,145875,145876],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,145877,2018],{"class":167},[262,145879,145880],{"id":51698},"Floats",[65,145882,145884],{"className":67,"code":145883,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"prices = [2.5, 3.75, 1.25]\nprint(sum(prices))\n",[15,145885,145886,145908],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,145887,145888,145890,145892,145894,145896,145898,145901,145903,145906],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,145889,82685],{"class":80},[74,145891,85],{"class":84},[74,145893,3271],{"class":106},[74,145895,40815],{"class":167},[74,145897,249],{"class":106},[74,145899,145900],{"class":167}," 3.75",[74,145902,249],{"class":106},[74,145904,145905],{"class":167}," 1.25",[74,145907,3284],{"class":106},[74,145909,145910,145912,145914,145916,145918,145920],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,145911,103],{"class":102},[74,145913,107],{"class":106},[74,145915,145578],{"class":102},[74,145917,107],{"class":106},[74,145919,82721],{"class":110},[74,145921,130],{"class":106},[20,145923,157],{},[65,145925,145927],{"className":67,"code":145926,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"7.5\n",[15,145928,145929],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,145930,145931],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,145932,145926],{"class":167},[20,145934,145935,145936,114],{},"If you need a refresher on numeric types, see ",[125,145937,145938],{"href":2061},"Python numbers explained: int and float",[262,145940,145942,145943],{"id":145941},"values-from-range","Values from ",[15,145944,35854],{},[65,145946,145948],{"className":67,"code":145947,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(sum(range(1, 6)))\n",[15,145949,145950],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,145951,145952,145954,145956,145958,145960,145962,145964,145966,145968,145970],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,145953,103],{"class":102},[74,145955,107],{"class":106},[74,145957,145578],{"class":102},[74,145959,107],{"class":106},[74,145961,59646],{"class":102},[74,145963,107],{"class":106},[74,145965,2632],{"class":167},[74,145967,249],{"class":106},[74,145969,37299],{"class":167},[74,145971,2555],{"class":106},[20,145973,157],{},[65,145975,145976],{"className":67,"code":46693,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,145977,145978],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,145979,145980],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,145981,46693],{"class":167},[20,145983,113194,145984,114],{},[15,145985,145986],{},"1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5",[262,145988,145990],{"id":145989},"boolean-values","Boolean values",[20,145992,145993,145994,145996,145997,51,145999,145996,146001,114],{},"Booleans can also be summed because ",[15,145995,338],{}," acts like ",[15,145998,2632],{},[15,146000,342],{},[15,146002,327],{},[65,146004,146006],{"className":67,"code":146005,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"results = [True, False, True, True]\nprint(sum(results))\n",[15,146007,146008,146032],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,146009,146010,146012,146014,146016,146018,146020,146022,146024,146026,146028,146030],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,146011,51618],{"class":80},[74,146013,85],{"class":84},[74,146015,3271],{"class":106},[74,146017,338],{"class":3504},[74,146019,249],{"class":106},[74,146021,3558],{"class":3504},[74,146023,249],{"class":106},[74,146025,3567],{"class":3504},[74,146027,249],{"class":106},[74,146029,3567],{"class":3504},[74,146031,3284],{"class":106},[74,146033,146034,146036,146038,146040,146042,146044],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,146035,103],{"class":102},[74,146037,107],{"class":106},[74,146039,145578],{"class":102},[74,146041,107],{"class":106},[74,146043,51671],{"class":110},[74,146045,130],{"class":106},[20,146047,157],{},[65,146049,146050],{"className":67,"code":168,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,146051,146052],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,146053,146054],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,146055,168],{"class":167},[20,146057,146058,146059,114],{},"This is a simple way to count how many values are ",[15,146060,338],{},[60,146062,3328,146064,146066],{"id":146063},"what-sum-does-not-work-with",[15,146065,145455],{}," does not work with",[20,146068,146069,146071],{},[15,146070,145455],{}," is for numeric addition. It is not for joining text or combining lists.",[262,146073,146075],{"id":146074},"it-does-not-join-strings","It does not join strings",[20,146077,2480],{},[65,146079,146081],{"className":67,"code":146080,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(sum(words))\n",[15,146082,146083,146107],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,146084,146085,146087,146089,146091,146093,146095,146097,146099,146101,146103,146105],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,146086,3722],{"class":80},[74,146088,85],{"class":84},[74,146090,3271],{"class":106},[74,146092,122],{"class":88},[74,146094,3497],{"class":92},[74,146096,122],{"class":88},[74,146098,249],{"class":106},[74,146100,89],{"class":88},[74,146102,60239],{"class":92},[74,146104,122],{"class":88},[74,146106,3284],{"class":106},[74,146108,146109,146111,146113,146115,146117,146119],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,146110,103],{"class":102},[74,146112,107],{"class":106},[74,146114,145578],{"class":102},[74,146116,107],{"class":106},[74,146118,3764],{"class":110},[74,146120,130],{"class":106},[20,146122,146123],{},"Use string joining instead:",[65,146125,146127],{"className":67,"code":146126,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,146128,146129,146153],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,146130,146131,146133,146135,146137,146139,146141,146143,146145,146147,146149,146151],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,146132,3722],{"class":80},[74,146134,85],{"class":84},[74,146136,3271],{"class":106},[74,146138,122],{"class":88},[74,146140,3497],{"class":92},[74,146142,122],{"class":88},[74,146144,249],{"class":106},[74,146146,89],{"class":88},[74,146148,60239],{"class":92},[74,146150,122],{"class":88},[74,146152,3284],{"class":106},[74,146154,146155,146157,146159,146161,146163,146165,146167,146169],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,146156,103],{"class":102},[74,146158,107],{"class":106},[74,146160,5924],{"class":88},[74,146162,114],{"class":106},[74,146164,132980],{"class":110},[74,146166,107],{"class":106},[74,146168,3764],{"class":110},[74,146170,130],{"class":106},[20,146172,157],{},[65,146174,146176],{"className":67,"code":146175,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"helloworld\n",[15,146177,146178],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,146179,146180],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,146181,146175],{"class":80},[20,146183,146184,146185,114],{},"If you need to turn values into text first, see ",[125,146186,146187,5434],{"href":41830},[15,146188,47336],{},[262,146190,146192],{"id":146191},"it-does-not-combine-lists","It does not combine lists",[20,146194,146195],{},"This also causes an error:",[65,146197,146199],{"className":67,"code":146198,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"lists = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(sum(lists))\n",[15,146200,146201,146228],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,146202,146203,146206,146208,146210,146212,146214,146216,146218,146220,146222,146224,146226],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,146204,146205],{"class":80},"lists ",[74,146207,85],{"class":84},[74,146209,55946],{"class":106},[74,146211,2632],{"class":167},[74,146213,249],{"class":106},[74,146215,620],{"class":167},[74,146217,17717],{"class":106},[74,146219,3271],{"class":106},[74,146221,321],{"class":167},[74,146223,249],{"class":106},[74,146225,2100],{"class":167},[74,146227,52894],{"class":106},[74,146229,146230,146232,146234,146236,146238,146240],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,146231,103],{"class":102},[74,146233,107],{"class":106},[74,146235,145578],{"class":102},[74,146237,107],{"class":106},[74,146239,4949],{"class":110},[74,146241,130],{"class":106},[20,146243,146244,146246],{},[15,146245,145455],{}," is not the right tool for combining lists.",[262,146248,146250],{"id":146249},"it-fails-with-mixed-incompatible-types","It fails with mixed incompatible types",[20,146252,5122],{},[65,146254,146256],{"className":67,"code":146255,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"values = [1, 2, \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146257,146258,146282],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,146259,146260,146262,146264,146266,146268,146270,146272,146274,146276,146278,146280],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,146261,3474],{"class":80},[74,146263,85],{"class":84},[74,146265,3271],{"class":106},[74,146267,2632],{"class":167},[74,146269,249],{"class":106},[74,146271,620],{"class":167},[74,146273,249],{"class":106},[74,146275,89],{"class":88},[74,146277,321],{"class":92},[74,146279,122],{"class":88},[74,146281,3284],{"class":106},[74,146283,146284,146286,146288,146290,146292,146294],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,146285,103],{"class":102},[74,146287,107],{"class":106},[74,146289,145578],{"class":102},[74,146291,107],{"class":106},[74,146293,5008],{"class":110},[74,146295,130],{"class":106},[20,146297,146298],{},"This fails because Python cannot add integers and strings together.",[20,146300,146301,146302,146304,146305,114],{},"If you have number strings such as ",[15,146303,65587],{},", convert them first. See ",[125,146306,2606],{"href":2605},[60,146308,41159],{"id":41158},[20,146310,146311,146312,114],{},"Here are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,146313,145455],{},[262,146315,6178],{"id":6177},[20,146317,4177],{},[65,146319,146321],{"className":67,"code":146320,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(sum(5))\n",[15,146322,146323],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,146324,146325,146327,146329,146331,146333,146335],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,146326,103],{"class":102},[74,146328,107],{"class":106},[74,146330,145578],{"class":102},[74,146332,107],{"class":106},[74,146334,711],{"class":167},[74,146336,130],{"class":106},[20,146338,146339],{},"Why it fails:",[30,146341,146342,146347],{},[33,146343,146344,146346],{},[15,146345,711],{}," is a single integer",[33,146348,146349,146351],{},[15,146350,145455],{}," expects an iterable, not one number",[20,146353,6208],{},[65,146355,146357],{"className":67,"code":146356,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(sum([5]))\n",[15,146358,146359],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,146360,146361,146363,146365,146367,146369,146371],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,146362,103],{"class":102},[74,146364,107],{"class":106},[74,146366,145578],{"class":102},[74,146368,2629],{"class":106},[74,146370,711],{"class":167},[74,146372,2643],{"class":106},[20,146374,157],{},[65,146376,146377],{"className":67,"code":2590,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,146378,146379],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,146380,146381],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,146382,2590],{"class":167},[262,146384,146386],{"id":146385},"trying-to-sum-strings","Trying to sum strings",[20,146388,4177],{},[65,146390,146392],{"className":67,"code":146391,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146393,146394,146426],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,146395,146396,146398,146400,146402,146404,146406,146408,146410,146412,146414,146416,146418,146420,146422,146424],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,146397,3474],{"class":80},[74,146399,85],{"class":84},[74,146401,3271],{"class":106},[74,146403,122],{"class":88},[74,146405,2632],{"class":92},[74,146407,122],{"class":88},[74,146409,249],{"class":106},[74,146411,89],{"class":88},[74,146413,687],{"class":92},[74,146415,122],{"class":88},[74,146417,249],{"class":106},[74,146419,89],{"class":88},[74,146421,321],{"class":92},[74,146423,122],{"class":88},[74,146425,3284],{"class":106},[74,146427,146428,146430,146432,146434,146436,146438],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,146429,103],{"class":102},[74,146431,107],{"class":106},[74,146433,145578],{"class":102},[74,146435,107],{"class":106},[74,146437,5008],{"class":110},[74,146439,130],{"class":106},[20,146441,146442],{},"Fix it by converting the strings to integers:",[65,146444,146446],{"className":67,"code":146445,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,146447,146448,146480,146508],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,146449,146450,146452,146454,146456,146458,146460,146462,146464,146466,146468,146470,146472,146474,146476,146478],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,146451,3474],{"class":80},[74,146453,85],{"class":84},[74,146455,3271],{"class":106},[74,146457,122],{"class":88},[74,146459,2632],{"class":92},[74,146461,122],{"class":88},[74,146463,249],{"class":106},[74,146465,89],{"class":88},[74,146467,687],{"class":92},[74,146469,122],{"class":88},[74,146471,249],{"class":106},[74,146473,89],{"class":88},[74,146475,321],{"class":92},[74,146477,122],{"class":88},[74,146479,3284],{"class":106},[74,146481,146482,146484,146486,146488,146490,146492,146494,146496,146498,146500,146502,146504,146506],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,146483,40839],{"class":80},[74,146485,85],{"class":84},[74,146487,145508],{"class":102},[74,146489,107],{"class":106},[74,146491,1831],{"class":1345},[74,146493,107],{"class":106},[74,146495,1816],{"class":110},[74,146497,3311],{"class":106},[74,146499,3530],{"class":3529},[74,146501,3533],{"class":110},[74,146503,351],{"class":3529},[74,146505,3538],{"class":110},[74,146507,260],{"class":106},[74,146509,146510,146512,146514,146516],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,146511,103],{"class":102},[74,146513,107],{"class":106},[74,146515,40868],{"class":110},[74,146517,260],{"class":106},[20,146519,157],{},[65,146521,146522],{"className":67,"code":2299,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,146523,146524],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,146525,146526],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,146527,2299],{"class":167},[20,146529,146530],{},"This kind of problem is related to TypeError with unsupported operand types.",[262,146532,146534],{"id":146533},"mixing-numbers-and-strings","Mixing numbers and strings",[20,146536,4177],{},[65,146538,146540],{"className":67,"code":146539,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146541,146542,146570],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,146543,146544,146546,146548,146550,146552,146554,146556,146558,146560,146562,146564,146566,146568],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,146545,3474],{"class":80},[74,146547,85],{"class":84},[74,146549,3271],{"class":106},[74,146551,2632],{"class":167},[74,146553,249],{"class":106},[74,146555,620],{"class":167},[74,146557,249],{"class":106},[74,146559,89],{"class":88},[74,146561,321],{"class":92},[74,146563,122],{"class":88},[74,146565,249],{"class":106},[74,146567,2100],{"class":167},[74,146569,3284],{"class":106},[74,146571,146572,146574,146576,146578,146580,146582],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,146573,103],{"class":102},[74,146575,107],{"class":106},[74,146577,145578],{"class":102},[74,146579,107],{"class":106},[74,146581,5008],{"class":110},[74,146583,130],{"class":106},[20,146585,146586],{},"Fix it by making all values numeric:",[65,146588,146590],{"className":67,"code":146589,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,146591,146592,146620,146648],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,146593,146594,146596,146598,146600,146602,146604,146606,146608,146610,146612,146614,146616,146618],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,146595,3474],{"class":80},[74,146597,85],{"class":84},[74,146599,3271],{"class":106},[74,146601,2632],{"class":167},[74,146603,249],{"class":106},[74,146605,620],{"class":167},[74,146607,249],{"class":106},[74,146609,89],{"class":88},[74,146611,321],{"class":92},[74,146613,122],{"class":88},[74,146615,249],{"class":106},[74,146617,2100],{"class":167},[74,146619,3284],{"class":106},[74,146621,146622,146624,146626,146628,146630,146632,146634,146636,146638,146640,146642,146644,146646],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,146623,40839],{"class":80},[74,146625,85],{"class":84},[74,146627,145508],{"class":102},[74,146629,107],{"class":106},[74,146631,1831],{"class":1345},[74,146633,107],{"class":106},[74,146635,1816],{"class":110},[74,146637,3311],{"class":106},[74,146639,3530],{"class":3529},[74,146641,3533],{"class":110},[74,146643,351],{"class":3529},[74,146645,3538],{"class":110},[74,146647,260],{"class":106},[74,146649,146650,146652,146654,146656],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,146651,103],{"class":102},[74,146653,107],{"class":106},[74,146655,40868],{"class":110},[74,146657,260],{"class":106},[20,146659,157],{},[65,146661,146662],{"className":67,"code":2018,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,146663,146664],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,146665,146666],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,146667,2018],{"class":167},[262,146669,571,146671,146673],{"id":146670},"using-sum-to-join-text",[15,146672,145455],{}," to join text",[20,146675,4177],{},[65,146677,146679],{"className":67,"code":146678,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(sum(letters))\n",[15,146680,146681,146737],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,146682,146683,146685,146687,146689,146691,146693,146695,146697,146699,146701,146703,146705,146707,146709,146711,146713,146715,146717,146719,146721,146723,146725,146727,146729,146731,146733,146735],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,146684,35746],{"class":80},[74,146686,85],{"class":84},[74,146688,3271],{"class":106},[74,146690,122],{"class":88},[74,146692,133579],{"class":92},[74,146694,122],{"class":88},[74,146696,249],{"class":106},[74,146698,89],{"class":88},[74,146700,11403],{"class":92},[74,146702,122],{"class":88},[74,146704,249],{"class":106},[74,146706,89],{"class":88},[74,146708,62934],{"class":92},[74,146710,122],{"class":88},[74,146712,249],{"class":106},[74,146714,89],{"class":88},[74,146716,60086],{"class":92},[74,146718,122],{"class":88},[74,146720,249],{"class":106},[74,146722,89],{"class":88},[74,146724,60121],{"class":92},[74,146726,122],{"class":88},[74,146728,249],{"class":106},[74,146730,89],{"class":88},[74,146732,75668],{"class":92},[74,146734,122],{"class":88},[74,146736,3284],{"class":106},[74,146738,146739,146741,146743,146745,146747,146749],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,146740,103],{"class":102},[74,146742,107],{"class":106},[74,146744,145578],{"class":102},[74,146746,107],{"class":106},[74,146748,35799],{"class":110},[74,146750,130],{"class":106},[20,146752,176,146753,60180],{},[15,146754,132903],{},[65,146756,146758],{"className":67,"code":146757,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(\"\".join(letters))\n",[15,146759,146760,146816],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,146761,146762,146764,146766,146768,146770,146772,146774,146776,146778,146780,146782,146784,146786,146788,146790,146792,146794,146796,146798,146800,146802,146804,146806,146808,146810,146812,146814],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,146763,35746],{"class":80},[74,146765,85],{"class":84},[74,146767,3271],{"class":106},[74,146769,122],{"class":88},[74,146771,133579],{"class":92},[74,146773,122],{"class":88},[74,146775,249],{"class":106},[74,146777,89],{"class":88},[74,146779,11403],{"class":92},[74,146781,122],{"class":88},[74,146783,249],{"class":106},[74,146785,89],{"class":88},[74,146787,62934],{"class":92},[74,146789,122],{"class":88},[74,146791,249],{"class":106},[74,146793,89],{"class":88},[74,146795,60086],{"class":92},[74,146797,122],{"class":88},[74,146799,249],{"class":106},[74,146801,89],{"class":88},[74,146803,60121],{"class":92},[74,146805,122],{"class":88},[74,146807,249],{"class":106},[74,146809,89],{"class":88},[74,146811,75668],{"class":92},[74,146813,122],{"class":88},[74,146815,3284],{"class":106},[74,146817,146818,146820,146822,146824,146826,146828,146830,146832],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,146819,103],{"class":102},[74,146821,107],{"class":106},[74,146823,5924],{"class":88},[74,146825,114],{"class":106},[74,146827,132980],{"class":110},[74,146829,107],{"class":106},[74,146831,35799],{"class":110},[74,146833,130],{"class":106},[20,146835,157],{},[65,146837,146838],{"className":67,"code":133660,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,146839,146840],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,146841,146842],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,146843,133660],{"class":80},[20,146845,146846,146847,114],{},"If you see string-related errors while building text, you may also want to read ",[125,146848,146849],{"href":134741},"TypeError: sequence item 0 expected str instance",[60,146851,146853,146855],{"id":146852},"sum-vs-manual-loop",[15,146854,145455],{}," vs manual loop",[20,146857,146858,146860],{},[15,146859,145455],{}," is often better when you only need the total.",[262,146862,571,146864],{"id":146863},"using-sum",[15,146865,145455],{},[65,146867,146869],{"className":67,"code":146868,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)\n",[15,146870,146871,146891,146905],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,146872,146873,146875,146877,146879,146881,146883,146885,146887,146889],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,146874,3266],{"class":80},[74,146876,85],{"class":84},[74,146878,3271],{"class":106},[74,146880,2148],{"class":167},[74,146882,249],{"class":106},[74,146884,5645],{"class":167},[74,146886,249],{"class":106},[74,146888,53788],{"class":167},[74,146890,3284],{"class":106},[74,146892,146893,146895,146897,146899,146901,146903],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,146894,40839],{"class":80},[74,146896,85],{"class":84},[74,146898,145508],{"class":102},[74,146900,107],{"class":106},[74,146902,3298],{"class":110},[74,146904,260],{"class":106},[74,146906,146907,146909,146911,146913],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,146908,103],{"class":102},[74,146910,107],{"class":106},[74,146912,40868],{"class":110},[74,146914,260],{"class":106},[262,146916,146918],{"id":146917},"using-a-manual-loop","Using a manual loop",[65,146920,146922],{"className":67,"code":146921,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = 0\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    total += number\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,146923,146924,146944,146952,146956,146968,146976,146980],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,146925,146926,146928,146930,146932,146934,146936,146938,146940,146942],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,146927,3266],{"class":80},[74,146929,85],{"class":84},[74,146931,3271],{"class":106},[74,146933,2148],{"class":167},[74,146935,249],{"class":106},[74,146937,5645],{"class":167},[74,146939,249],{"class":106},[74,146941,53788],{"class":167},[74,146943,3284],{"class":106},[74,146945,146946,146948,146950],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,146947,40839],{"class":80},[74,146949,85],{"class":84},[74,146951,38169],{"class":167},[74,146953,146954],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,146955,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,146957,146958,146960,146962,146964,146966],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,146959,5609],{"class":3529},[74,146961,6039],{"class":80},[74,146963,351],{"class":3529},[74,146965,3914],{"class":80},[74,146967,6046],{"class":106},[74,146969,146970,146972,146974],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,146971,89744],{"class":80},[74,146973,89747],{"class":84},[74,146975,89750],{"class":80},[74,146977,146978],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,146979,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,146981,146982,146984,146986,146988],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,146983,103],{"class":102},[74,146985,107],{"class":106},[74,146987,40868],{"class":110},[74,146989,260],{"class":106},[20,146991,146992],{},"Both produce the same result.",[20,146994,2131,146995,146997],{},[15,146996,145455],{}," is often better:",[30,146999,147000,147003,147006],{},[33,147001,147002],{},"Shorter code",[33,147004,147005],{},"Easier to read",[33,147007,147008],{},"Clear intent: you want a total",[20,147010,147011],{},"Why a manual loop is sometimes better:",[30,147013,147014,147017,147020],{},[33,147015,147016],{},"You need to skip some values",[33,147018,147019],{},"You need extra checks",[33,147021,147022],{},"You want to change values before adding them",[20,147024,147025,147026,147029,147030,147032],{},"For example, if you only want certain items, you might first ",[125,147027,147028],{"href":39665},"filter a list in Python"," and then use ",[15,147031,145455],{}," on the filtered result.",[60,147034,914],{"id":913},[20,147036,147037,147038,679],{},"These are the most common causes of problems with ",[15,147039,145455],{},[30,147041,147042,147048,147055,147062],{},[33,147043,147044,147045],{},"Passing a number instead of an iterable, such as ",[15,147046,147047],{},"sum(5)",[33,147049,147050,147051,147054],{},"Trying to sum strings like ",[15,147052,147053],{},"['1', '2', '3']"," without converting them",[33,147056,571,147057,147059,147060],{},[15,147058,145455],{}," to join text instead of using string ",[15,147061,132903],{},[33,147063,147064],{},"Mixing numbers and strings in the same iterable",[20,147066,1318,147067,147069],{},[15,147068,145455],{}," is failing, these quick checks can help:",[65,147071,147073],{"className":67,"code":147072,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(values)\nprint(type(values))\nprint([type(x) for x in values])\nprint(sum([int(x) for x in values]))\n",[15,147074,147075,147085,147099,147123],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,147076,147077,147079,147081,147083],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,147078,103],{"class":102},[74,147080,107],{"class":106},[74,147082,5008],{"class":110},[74,147084,260],{"class":106},[74,147086,147087,147089,147091,147093,147095,147097],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,147088,103],{"class":102},[74,147090,107],{"class":106},[74,147092,1346],{"class":1345},[74,147094,107],{"class":106},[74,147096,5008],{"class":110},[74,147098,130],{"class":106},[74,147100,147101,147103,147105,147107,147109,147111,147113,147115,147117,147119,147121],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,147102,103],{"class":102},[74,147104,2629],{"class":106},[74,147106,1346],{"class":1345},[74,147108,107],{"class":106},[74,147110,1816],{"class":110},[74,147112,3311],{"class":106},[74,147114,3530],{"class":3529},[74,147116,3533],{"class":110},[74,147118,351],{"class":3529},[74,147120,3538],{"class":110},[74,147122,751],{"class":106},[74,147124,147125,147127,147129,147131,147133,147135,147137,147139,147141,147143,147145,147147,147149],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,147126,103],{"class":102},[74,147128,107],{"class":106},[74,147130,145578],{"class":102},[74,147132,2629],{"class":106},[74,147134,1831],{"class":1345},[74,147136,107],{"class":106},[74,147138,1816],{"class":110},[74,147140,3311],{"class":106},[74,147142,3530],{"class":3529},[74,147144,3533],{"class":110},[74,147146,351],{"class":3529},[74,147148,3538],{"class":110},[74,147150,2643],{"class":106},[20,147152,135474],{},[30,147154,147155,147161,147167,147172],{},[33,147156,147157,147160],{},[15,147158,147159],{},"print(values)"," shows the actual data",[33,147162,147163,147166],{},[15,147164,147165],{},"print(type(values))"," shows whether the main object is a list, tuple, or something else",[33,147168,147169,135496],{},[15,147170,147171],{},"print([type(x) for x in values])",[33,147173,147174,147177],{},[15,147175,147176],{},"print(sum([int(x) for x in values]))"," tests whether conversion to integers fixes the problem",[60,147179,1471],{"id":1470},[262,147181,1495,147183,4796],{"id":147182},"what-does-sum-return-in-python",[15,147184,145455],{},[20,147186,147187],{},"It returns the total of the numeric values in an iterable.",[262,147189,1507,147191,147193],{"id":147190},"can-sum-add-strings-in-python",[15,147192,145455],{}," add strings in Python?",[20,147195,29926,147196,339,147199,147202],{},[15,147197,147198],{},"''.join(...)",[15,147200,147201],{},"'separator'.join(...)"," for strings.",[262,147204,1507,147206,147208],{"id":147205},"can-sum-work-with-floats",[15,147207,145455],{}," work with floats?",[20,147210,147211],{},"Yes. It can add both integers and floats.",[262,147213,147215,147216,2135],{"id":147214},"what-is-the-second-argument-in-sum","What is the second argument in ",[15,147217,145455],{},[20,147219,147220,147221,147223],{},"It is the optional ",[15,147222,50],{}," value added before the iterable values are summed.",[262,147225,4808,147227,119028,147229,2135],{"id":147226},"why-does-sum-give-a-typeerror",[15,147228,145455],{},[15,147230,2649],{},[20,147232,147233],{},"Usually because one or more values are not numbers, or because the argument is not an iterable.",[60,147235,1527],{"id":1526},[30,147237,147238,147242,147248,147254,147260,147264,147268],{},[33,147239,147240],{},[125,147241,145938],{"href":2061},[33,147243,147244],{},[125,147245,3223,147246,3156],{"href":35851},[15,147247,35854],{},[33,147249,147250],{},[125,147251,3223,147252,3156],{"href":42013},[15,147253,42016],{},[33,147255,147256],{},[125,147257,3223,147258,3156],{"href":41830},[15,147259,47336],{},[33,147261,147262],{},[125,147263,4870],{"href":39665},[33,147265,147266],{},[125,147267,3173],{"href":2605},[33,147269,147270],{},[125,147271,146849],{"href":134741},[1566,147273,147274],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":70,"searchDepth":99,"depth":99,"links":147276},[147277,147278,147280,147281,147282,147284,147292,147298,147305,147311,147312,147324],{"id":62,"depth":99,"text":63},{"id":145534,"depth":99,"text":147279},"What sum() does",{"id":226,"depth":99,"text":227},{"id":356,"depth":99,"text":357},{"id":145712,"depth":99,"text":147283},"Using the start value",{"id":145814,"depth":99,"text":147285,"children":147286},"What sum() can work with",[147287,147288,147289,147291],{"id":40081,"depth":133,"text":40082},{"id":51698,"depth":133,"text":145880},{"id":145941,"depth":133,"text":147290},"Values from range()",{"id":145989,"depth":133,"text":145990},{"id":146063,"depth":99,"text":147293,"children":147294},"What sum() does not work with",[147295,147296,147297],{"id":146074,"depth":133,"text":146075},{"id":146191,"depth":133,"text":146192},{"id":146249,"depth":133,"text":146250},{"id":41158,"depth":99,"text":41159,"children":147299},[147300,147301,147302,147303],{"id":6177,"depth":133,"text":6178},{"id":146385,"depth":133,"text":146386},{"id":146533,"depth":133,"text":146534},{"id":146670,"depth":133,"text":147304},"Using sum() to join text",{"id":146852,"depth":99,"text":147306,"children":147307},"sum() vs manual loop",[147308,147310],{"id":146863,"depth":133,"text":147309},"Using sum()",{"id":146917,"depth":133,"text":146918},{"id":913,"depth":99,"text":914},{"id":1470,"depth":99,"text":1471,"children":147313},[147314,147316,147318,147320,147322],{"id":147182,"depth":133,"text":147315},"What does sum() return in Python?",{"id":147190,"depth":133,"text":147317},"Can sum() add strings in Python?",{"id":147205,"depth":133,"text":147319},"Can sum() work with floats?",{"id":147214,"depth":133,"text":147321},"What is the second argument in sum()?",{"id":147226,"depth":133,"text":147323},"Why does sum() give a TypeError?",{"id":1526,"depth":99,"text":1527},"Master python sum function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained",{"title":145447,"description":147325},"reference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained","pUBJSfP8YGcV7z25xWzkoWEl0bvqGBoLMBf338R4GWY",{"id":147332,"title":147333,"body":147334,"description":148736,"extension":1610,"meta":148737,"navigation":407,"path":148738,"seo":148739,"stem":148740,"__hash__":148741},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method.md","Python Tuple count() Method",{"type":7,"value":147335,"toc":148704},[147336,147342,147348,147351,147414,147420,147425,147429,147446,147460,147464,147484,147498,147500,147593,147595,147609,147611,147614,147703,147705,147713,147722,147724,147728,147749,147751,147843,147845,147866,147868,147872,147886,147888,147962,147964,147983,147987,147990,148013,148015,148126,148133,148141,148143,148149,148152,148195,148198,148221,148229,148233,148308,148314,148339,148346,148349,148352,148356,148361,148449,148457,148461,148464,148489,148493,148554,148558,148607,148617,148619,148624,148627,148633,148636,148640,148644,148650,148653,148661,148669,148671,148701],[10,147337,147339,147340,18],{"id":147338},"python-tuple-count-method","Python Tuple ",[15,147341,17],{},[20,147343,147344,147347],{},[15,147345,147346],{},"tuple.count()"," tells you how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[20,147349,147350],{},"Use it when you want to count matching values in a tuple without changing the tuple itself. This is helpful when checking for duplicates, repeated labels, or whether a value appears more than once.",[65,147352,147354],{"className":67,"code":147353,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3, 2)\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,147355,147356,147384,147402],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,147357,147358,147360,147362,147364,147366,147368,147370,147372,147374,147376,147378,147380,147382],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,147359,3266],{"class":80},[74,147361,85],{"class":84},[74,147363,8892],{"class":106},[74,147365,2632],{"class":167},[74,147367,249],{"class":106},[74,147369,620],{"class":167},[74,147371,249],{"class":106},[74,147373,620],{"class":167},[74,147375,249],{"class":106},[74,147377,2094],{"class":167},[74,147379,249],{"class":106},[74,147381,620],{"class":167},[74,147383,260],{"class":106},[74,147385,147386,147388,147390,147392,147394,147396,147398,147400],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,147387,383],{"class":80},[74,147389,85],{"class":84},[74,147391,3914],{"class":80},[74,147393,114],{"class":106},[74,147395,117],{"class":110},[74,147397,107],{"class":106},[74,147399,687],{"class":167},[74,147401,260],{"class":106},[74,147403,147404,147406,147408,147410,147412],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,147405,103],{"class":102},[74,147407,107],{"class":106},[74,147409,418],{"class":110},[74,147411,3311],{"class":106},[74,147413,50422],{"class":3314},[20,147415,176,147416,147419],{},[15,147417,147418],{},"tuple.count(value)"," to count how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[60,147421,3328,147423,38],{"id":147422},"what-tuplecount-does",[15,147424,147346],{},[20,147426,147427,679],{},[15,147428,147418],{},[30,147430,147431,147437,147440,147443],{},[33,147432,147433,147434,147436],{},"Returns the number of times ",[15,147435,246],{}," appears in the tuple",[33,147438,147439],{},"Checks the whole tuple",[33,147441,147442],{},"Returns an integer",[33,147444,147445],{},"Does not change the tuple",[20,147447,147448,147449,147451,147452,339,147456,114],{},"Because tuples are read-only, methods like ",[15,147450,17],{}," only inspect the data. If you are new to tuples, see ",[125,147453,147455],{"href":147454},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained\u002F","Python tuples explained",[125,147457,147459],{"href":147458},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple\u002F","creating a tuple",[60,147461,147463],{"id":147462},"method-syntax","Method syntax",[65,147465,147467],{"className":67,"code":147466,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"my_tuple.count(value)\n",[15,147468,147469],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,147470,147471,147474,147476,147478,147480,147482],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,147472,147473],{"class":80},"my_tuple",[74,147475,114],{"class":106},[74,147477,117],{"class":110},[74,147479,107],{"class":106},[74,147481,246],{"class":110},[74,147483,260],{"class":106},[30,147485,147486,147490,147493],{},[33,147487,147488,57107],{},[15,147489,246],{},[33,147491,147492],{},"The comparison is based on equality",[33,147494,147495,147496],{},"If the value is not found, the result is ",[15,147497,327],{},[262,147499,102743],{"id":102742},[65,147501,147503],{"className":67,"code":147502,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\"))  # 0\n",[15,147504,147505,147545,147569],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,147506,147507,147509,147511,147513,147515,147517,147519,147521,147523,147525,147527,147529,147531,147533,147535,147537,147539,147541,147543],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,147508,12732],{"class":80},[74,147510,85],{"class":84},[74,147512,8892],{"class":106},[74,147514,122],{"class":88},[74,147516,12749],{"class":92},[74,147518,122],{"class":88},[74,147520,249],{"class":106},[74,147522,89],{"class":88},[74,147524,12766],{"class":92},[74,147526,122],{"class":88},[74,147528,249],{"class":106},[74,147530,89],{"class":88},[74,147532,12749],{"class":92},[74,147534,122],{"class":88},[74,147536,249],{"class":106},[74,147538,89],{"class":88},[74,147540,17110],{"class":92},[74,147542,122],{"class":88},[74,147544,260],{"class":106},[74,147546,147547,147549,147551,147553,147555,147557,147559,147561,147563,147565,147567],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,147548,103],{"class":102},[74,147550,107],{"class":106},[74,147552,17157],{"class":110},[74,147554,114],{"class":106},[74,147556,117],{"class":110},[74,147558,107],{"class":106},[74,147560,122],{"class":88},[74,147562,12749],{"class":92},[74,147564,122],{"class":88},[74,147566,5011],{"class":106},[74,147568,57297],{"class":3314},[74,147570,147571,147573,147575,147577,147579,147581,147583,147585,147587,147589,147591],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,147572,103],{"class":102},[74,147574,107],{"class":106},[74,147576,17157],{"class":110},[74,147578,114],{"class":106},[74,147580,117],{"class":110},[74,147582,107],{"class":106},[74,147584,122],{"class":88},[74,147586,22180],{"class":92},[74,147588,122],{"class":88},[74,147590,5011],{"class":106},[74,147592,50899],{"class":3314},[20,147594,19612],{},[30,147596,147597,147602],{},[33,147598,147599,147601],{},[15,147600,65035],{}," appears 2 times",[33,147603,147604,147606,147607],{},[15,147605,109439],{}," does not appear, so the result is ",[15,147608,327],{},[60,147610,357],{"id":356},[20,147612,147613],{},"Here is a basic example with repeated values:",[65,147615,147617],{"className":67,"code":147616,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\", \"apple\")\n\nresult = fruits.count(\"apple\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,147618,147619,147667,147671,147693],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,147620,147621,147623,147625,147627,147629,147631,147633,147635,147637,147639,147641,147643,147645,147647,147649,147651,147653,147655,147657,147659,147661,147663,147665],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,147622,35895],{"class":80},[74,147624,85],{"class":84},[74,147626,8892],{"class":106},[74,147628,122],{"class":88},[74,147630,376],{"class":92},[74,147632,122],{"class":88},[74,147634,249],{"class":106},[74,147636,89],{"class":88},[74,147638,93],{"class":92},[74,147640,122],{"class":88},[74,147642,249],{"class":106},[74,147644,89],{"class":88},[74,147646,376],{"class":92},[74,147648,122],{"class":88},[74,147650,249],{"class":106},[74,147652,89],{"class":88},[74,147654,32878],{"class":92},[74,147656,122],{"class":88},[74,147658,249],{"class":106},[74,147660,89],{"class":88},[74,147662,376],{"class":92},[74,147664,122],{"class":88},[74,147666,260],{"class":106},[74,147668,147669],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,147670,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,147672,147673,147675,147677,147679,147681,147683,147685,147687,147689,147691],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,147674,383],{"class":80},[74,147676,85],{"class":84},[74,147678,52503],{"class":80},[74,147680,114],{"class":106},[74,147682,117],{"class":110},[74,147684,107],{"class":106},[74,147686,122],{"class":88},[74,147688,376],{"class":92},[74,147690,122],{"class":88},[74,147692,260],{"class":106},[74,147694,147695,147697,147699,147701],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,147696,103],{"class":102},[74,147698,107],{"class":106},[74,147700,418],{"class":110},[74,147702,260],{"class":106},[20,147704,157],{},[65,147706,147707],{"className":67,"code":168,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,147708,147709],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,147710,147711],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,147712,168],{"class":167},[20,147714,147715,147717,147718,2039,147720,114],{},[15,147716,440],{}," appears 3 times in the tuple, so ",[15,147719,17],{},[15,147721,321],{},[60,147723,37676],{"id":37675},[20,147725,57196,147726,128209],{},[15,147727,17],{},[30,147729,147730,147735,147740,147743],{},[33,147731,11082,147732,147734],{},[15,147733,327],{}," when the value does not exist",[33,147736,11082,147737,147739],{},[15,147738,2632],{}," when the value appears once",[33,147741,147742],{},"Returns a larger number when the value appears multiple times",[33,147744,147745,147746,147748],{},"The result can be used in ",[15,147747,6651],{}," statements and other conditions",[20,147750,506],{},[65,147752,147754],{"className":67,"code":147753,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"answers = (\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\")\n\nif answers.count(\"yes\") > 1:\n    print(\"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\")\n",[15,147755,147756,147797,147801,147828],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,147757,147758,147761,147763,147765,147767,147769,147771,147773,147775,147777,147779,147781,147783,147785,147787,147789,147791,147793,147795],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,147759,147760],{"class":80},"answers ",[74,147762,85],{"class":84},[74,147764,8892],{"class":106},[74,147766,122],{"class":88},[74,147768,8314],{"class":92},[74,147770,122],{"class":88},[74,147772,249],{"class":106},[74,147774,89],{"class":88},[74,147776,8255],{"class":92},[74,147778,122],{"class":88},[74,147780,249],{"class":106},[74,147782,89],{"class":88},[74,147784,8314],{"class":92},[74,147786,122],{"class":88},[74,147788,249],{"class":106},[74,147790,89],{"class":88},[74,147792,8314],{"class":92},[74,147794,122],{"class":88},[74,147796,260],{"class":106},[74,147798,147799],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,147800,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,147802,147803,147805,147808,147810,147812,147814,147816,147818,147820,147822,147824,147826],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,147804,6651],{"class":3529},[74,147806,147807],{"class":80}," answers",[74,147809,114],{"class":106},[74,147811,117],{"class":110},[74,147813,107],{"class":106},[74,147815,122],{"class":88},[74,147817,8314],{"class":92},[74,147819,122],{"class":88},[74,147821,3311],{"class":106},[74,147823,38052],{"class":84},[74,147825,5148],{"class":167},[74,147827,6046],{"class":106},[74,147829,147830,147832,147834,147836,147839,147841],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,147831,7726],{"class":102},[74,147833,107],{"class":106},[74,147835,122],{"class":88},[74,147837,147838],{"class":92},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.",[74,147840,122],{"class":88},[74,147842,260],{"class":106},[20,147844,157],{},[65,147846,147848],{"className":67,"code":147847,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\n",[15,147849,147850],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,147851,147852,147855,147857,147859,147861,147864],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,147853,147854],{"class":80},"The answer ",[74,147856,2946],{"class":88},[74,147858,8314],{"class":92},[74,147860,2946],{"class":88},[74,147862,147863],{"class":80}," appears more than once",[74,147865,122022],{"class":106},[60,147867,40702],{"id":40701},[20,147869,35062,147870,104206],{},[15,147871,147346],{},[30,147873,147874,147877,147880,147883],{},[33,147875,147876],{},"Check whether a value appears in a tuple more than once",[33,147878,147879],{},"Count repeated answers or labels",[33,147881,147882],{},"Verify duplicates in small fixed collections",[33,147884,147885],{},"Make decisions based on how many matches were found",[20,147887,506],{},[65,147889,147891],{"className":67,"code":147890,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"scores = (10, 20, 10, 30, 10)\n\nif scores.count(10) >= 2:\n    print(\"The score 10 is repeated.\")\n",[15,147892,147893,147921,147925,147947],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,147894,147895,147897,147899,147901,147903,147905,147907,147909,147911,147913,147915,147917,147919],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,147896,4715],{"class":80},[74,147898,85],{"class":84},[74,147900,8892],{"class":106},[74,147902,1972],{"class":167},[74,147904,249],{"class":106},[74,147906,7446],{"class":167},[74,147908,249],{"class":106},[74,147910,5656],{"class":167},[74,147912,249],{"class":106},[74,147914,7451],{"class":167},[74,147916,249],{"class":106},[74,147918,5656],{"class":167},[74,147920,260],{"class":106},[74,147922,147923],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,147924,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,147926,147927,147929,147931,147933,147935,147937,147939,147941,147943,147945],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,147928,6651],{"class":3529},[74,147930,4762],{"class":80},[74,147932,114],{"class":106},[74,147934,117],{"class":110},[74,147936,107],{"class":106},[74,147938,1972],{"class":167},[74,147940,3311],{"class":106},[74,147942,50940],{"class":84},[74,147944,620],{"class":167},[74,147946,6046],{"class":106},[74,147948,147949,147951,147953,147955,147958,147960],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,147950,7726],{"class":102},[74,147952,107],{"class":106},[74,147954,122],{"class":88},[74,147956,147957],{"class":92},"The score 10 is repeated.",[74,147959,122],{"class":88},[74,147961,260],{"class":106},[20,147963,157],{},[65,147965,147967],{"className":67,"code":147966,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"The score 10 is repeated.\n",[15,147968,147969],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,147970,147971,147974,147976,147978,147981],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,147972,147973],{"class":80},"The score ",[74,147975,1972],{"class":167},[74,147977,7754],{"class":84},[74,147979,147980],{"class":80}," repeated",[74,147982,122022],{"class":106},[60,147984,147986],{"id":147985},"things-beginners-should-know","Things beginners should know",[20,147988,147989],{},"There are a few important details to remember:",[30,147991,147992,147998,148003,148006],{},[33,147993,147994,147995,147997],{},"Tuples are immutable, but ",[15,147996,17],{}," still works because it only reads data",[33,147999,148000,148002],{},[15,148001,17],{}," counts exact matches",[33,148004,148005],{},"String matching is case-sensitive",[33,148007,148008,51,148010,148012],{},[15,148009,2632],{},[15,148011,41813],{}," compare as equal in Python",[20,148014,506],{},[65,148016,148018],{"className":67,"code":148017,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"values = (1, 1.0, \"Cat\", \"cat\")\n\nprint(values.count(1))      # 2\nprint(values.count(\"Cat\"))  # 1\nprint(values.count(\"cat\"))  # 1\n",[15,148019,148020,148054,148058,148078,148102],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,148021,148022,148024,148026,148028,148030,148032,148035,148037,148039,148042,148044,148046,148048,148050,148052],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,148023,3474],{"class":80},[74,148025,85],{"class":84},[74,148027,8892],{"class":106},[74,148029,2632],{"class":167},[74,148031,249],{"class":106},[74,148033,148034],{"class":167}," 1.0",[74,148036,249],{"class":106},[74,148038,89],{"class":88},[74,148040,148041],{"class":92},"Cat",[74,148043,122],{"class":88},[74,148045,249],{"class":106},[74,148047,89],{"class":88},[74,148049,486],{"class":92},[74,148051,122],{"class":88},[74,148053,260],{"class":106},[74,148055,148056],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,148057,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,148059,148060,148062,148064,148066,148068,148070,148072,148074,148076],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,148061,103],{"class":102},[74,148063,107],{"class":106},[74,148065,5008],{"class":110},[74,148067,114],{"class":106},[74,148069,117],{"class":110},[74,148071,107],{"class":106},[74,148073,2632],{"class":167},[74,148075,5011],{"class":106},[74,148077,50746],{"class":3314},[74,148079,148080,148082,148084,148086,148088,148090,148092,148094,148096,148098,148100],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,148081,103],{"class":102},[74,148083,107],{"class":106},[74,148085,5008],{"class":110},[74,148087,114],{"class":106},[74,148089,117],{"class":110},[74,148091,107],{"class":106},[74,148093,122],{"class":88},[74,148095,148041],{"class":92},[74,148097,122],{"class":88},[74,148099,5011],{"class":106},[74,148101,27434],{"class":3314},[74,148103,148104,148106,148108,148110,148112,148114,148116,148118,148120,148122,148124],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,148105,103],{"class":102},[74,148107,107],{"class":106},[74,148109,5008],{"class":110},[74,148111,114],{"class":106},[74,148113,117],{"class":110},[74,148115,107],{"class":106},[74,148117,122],{"class":88},[74,148119,486],{"class":92},[74,148121,122],{"class":88},[74,148123,5011],{"class":106},[74,148125,27434],{"class":3314},[20,148127,4808,148128,335,148131,2135],{},[15,148129,148130],{},"values.count(1)",[15,148132,687],{},[20,148134,8441,148135,4435,148138,148140],{},[15,148136,148137],{},"1 == 1.0",[15,148139,338],{},", so both values are counted as matches.",[60,148142,914],{"id":913},[262,148144,571,148146,148148],{"id":148145},"using-count-without-parentheses",[15,148147,117],{}," without parentheses",[20,148150,148151],{},"This gives you the method itself, not the result.",[65,148153,148155],{"className":67,"code":148154,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers.count)\n",[15,148156,148157,148181],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,148158,148159,148161,148163,148165,148167,148169,148171,148173,148175,148177,148179],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,148160,3266],{"class":80},[74,148162,85],{"class":84},[74,148164,8892],{"class":106},[74,148166,2632],{"class":167},[74,148168,249],{"class":106},[74,148170,620],{"class":167},[74,148172,249],{"class":106},[74,148174,620],{"class":167},[74,148176,249],{"class":106},[74,148178,2094],{"class":167},[74,148180,260],{"class":106},[74,148182,148183,148185,148187,148189,148191,148193],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,148184,103],{"class":102},[74,148186,107],{"class":106},[74,148188,3298],{"class":110},[74,148190,114],{"class":106},[74,148192,117],{"class":24406},[74,148194,260],{"class":106},[20,148196,148197],{},"To call the method correctly:",[65,148199,148201],{"className":67,"code":148200,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(numbers.count(2))\n",[15,148202,148203],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,148204,148205,148207,148209,148211,148213,148215,148217,148219],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,148206,103],{"class":102},[74,148208,107],{"class":106},[74,148210,3298],{"class":110},[74,148212,114],{"class":106},[74,148214,117],{"class":110},[74,148216,107],{"class":106},[74,148218,687],{"class":167},[74,148220,130],{"class":106},[262,148222,923,148223,8113,148225,339,148227],{"id":58243},[15,148224,17],{},[15,148226,338],{},[15,148228,342],{},[20,148230,148231,58254],{},[15,148232,17],{},[65,148234,148236],{"className":67,"code":148235,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"a\")\nresult = letters.count(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 2\n",[15,148237,148238,148270,148292,148296],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,148239,148240,148242,148244,148246,148248,148250,148252,148254,148256,148258,148260,148262,148264,148266,148268],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,148241,35746],{"class":80},[74,148243,85],{"class":84},[74,148245,8892],{"class":106},[74,148247,122],{"class":88},[74,148249,125],{"class":92},[74,148251,122],{"class":88},[74,148253,249],{"class":106},[74,148255,89],{"class":88},[74,148257,4412],{"class":92},[74,148259,122],{"class":88},[74,148261,249],{"class":106},[74,148263,89],{"class":88},[74,148265,125],{"class":92},[74,148267,122],{"class":88},[74,148269,260],{"class":106},[74,148271,148272,148274,148276,148278,148280,148282,148284,148286,148288,148290],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,148273,383],{"class":80},[74,148275,85],{"class":84},[74,148277,69737],{"class":80},[74,148279,114],{"class":106},[74,148281,117],{"class":110},[74,148283,107],{"class":106},[74,148285,122],{"class":88},[74,148287,125],{"class":92},[74,148289,122],{"class":88},[74,148291,260],{"class":106},[74,148293,148294],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,148295,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,148297,148298,148300,148302,148304,148306],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,148299,103],{"class":102},[74,148301,107],{"class":106},[74,148303,418],{"class":110},[74,148305,3311],{"class":106},[74,148307,51067],{"class":3314},[20,148309,148310,148311,148313],{},"If you only want to check whether a value exists, using ",[15,148312,351],{}," is often simpler:",[65,148315,148317],{"className":67,"code":148316,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(\"a\" in letters)  # True\n",[15,148318,148319],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,148320,148321,148323,148325,148327,148329,148331,148333,148335,148337],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,148322,103],{"class":102},[74,148324,107],{"class":106},[74,148326,122],{"class":88},[74,148328,125],{"class":92},[74,148330,122],{"class":88},[74,148332,20829],{"class":3529},[74,148334,69737],{"class":110},[74,148336,3311],{"class":106},[74,148338,3315],{"class":3314},[262,148340,1123,148342,1126,148344],{"id":148341},"confusing-tuplecount-with-listcount",[15,148343,147346],{},[15,148345,56947],{},[20,148347,148348],{},"Both methods work in a similar way, but one is for tuples and one is for lists. A tuple cannot be changed, while a list can.",[20,148350,148351],{},"If you need a changeable collection, use a list instead.",[262,148353,148355],{"id":148354},"expecting-partial-string-matches","Expecting partial string matches",[20,148357,148358,148360],{},[15,148359,17],{}," looks for exact tuple items, not part of a string.",[65,148362,148364],{"className":67,"code":148363,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"words = (\"apple\", \"pineapple\", \"apple\")\nprint(words.count(\"app\"))    # 0\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\n",[15,148365,148366,148399,148425],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,148367,148368,148370,148372,148374,148376,148378,148380,148382,148384,148387,148389,148391,148393,148395,148397],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,148369,3722],{"class":80},[74,148371,85],{"class":84},[74,148373,8892],{"class":106},[74,148375,122],{"class":88},[74,148377,376],{"class":92},[74,148379,122],{"class":88},[74,148381,249],{"class":106},[74,148383,89],{"class":88},[74,148385,148386],{"class":92},"pineapple",[74,148388,122],{"class":88},[74,148390,249],{"class":106},[74,148392,89],{"class":88},[74,148394,376],{"class":92},[74,148396,122],{"class":88},[74,148398,260],{"class":106},[74,148400,148401,148403,148405,148407,148409,148411,148413,148415,148418,148420,148422],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,148402,103],{"class":102},[74,148404,107],{"class":106},[74,148406,3764],{"class":110},[74,148408,114],{"class":106},[74,148410,117],{"class":110},[74,148412,107],{"class":106},[74,148414,122],{"class":88},[74,148416,148417],{"class":92},"app",[74,148419,122],{"class":88},[74,148421,5011],{"class":106},[74,148423,148424],{"class":3314},"    # 0\n",[74,148426,148427,148429,148431,148433,148435,148437,148439,148441,148443,148445,148447],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,148428,103],{"class":102},[74,148430,107],{"class":106},[74,148432,3764],{"class":110},[74,148434,114],{"class":106},[74,148436,117],{"class":110},[74,148438,107],{"class":106},[74,148440,122],{"class":88},[74,148442,376],{"class":92},[74,148444,122],{"class":88},[74,148446,5011],{"class":106},[74,148448,51067],{"class":3314},[20,148450,148451,148454,148455,114],{},[15,148452,148453],{},"\"app\""," is not an exact item in the tuple, so the result is ",[15,148456,327],{},[60,148458,148460],{"id":148459},"when-to-use-something-else","When to use something else",[20,148462,148463],{},"Sometimes another tool is a better fit:",[30,148465,148466,148471,148480,148486],{},[33,148467,176,148468,148470],{},[15,148469,351],{}," to check only whether a value exists",[33,148472,176,148473,148479],{},[125,148474,148476,148477],{"href":148475},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method\u002F","tuple ",[15,148478,1132],{}," to find the position of a value",[33,148481,176,148482,148485],{},[15,148483,148484],{},"collections.Counter"," when you want to count many different values",[33,148487,148488],{},"Use a list if you need a changeable collection",[20,148490,45694,148491,679],{},[15,148492,351],{},[65,148494,148496],{"className":67,"code":148495,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = (4, 7, 9)\n\nprint(7 in numbers)   # True\nprint(5 in numbers)   # False\n",[15,148497,148498,148518,148522,148538],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,148499,148500,148502,148504,148506,148508,148510,148512,148514,148516],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,148501,3266],{"class":80},[74,148503,85],{"class":84},[74,148505,8892],{"class":106},[74,148507,2148],{"class":167},[74,148509,249],{"class":106},[74,148511,5645],{"class":167},[74,148513,249],{"class":106},[74,148515,53788],{"class":167},[74,148517,260],{"class":106},[74,148519,148520],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,148521,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,148523,148524,148526,148528,148530,148532,148534,148536],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,148525,103],{"class":102},[74,148527,107],{"class":106},[74,148529,1672],{"class":167},[74,148531,20829],{"class":3529},[74,148533,3914],{"class":110},[74,148535,3311],{"class":106},[74,148537,43509],{"class":3314},[74,148539,148540,148542,148544,148546,148548,148550,148552],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,148541,103],{"class":102},[74,148543,107],{"class":106},[74,148545,711],{"class":167},[74,148547,20829],{"class":3529},[74,148549,3914],{"class":110},[74,148551,3311],{"class":106},[74,148553,43526],{"class":3314},[20,148555,45694,148556,679],{},[15,148557,1132],{},[65,148559,148561],{"className":67,"code":148560,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = (4, 7, 9, 7)\nprint(numbers.index(7))  # 1\n",[15,148562,148563,148587],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,148564,148565,148567,148569,148571,148573,148575,148577,148579,148581,148583,148585],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,148566,3266],{"class":80},[74,148568,85],{"class":84},[74,148570,8892],{"class":106},[74,148572,2148],{"class":167},[74,148574,249],{"class":106},[74,148576,5645],{"class":167},[74,148578,249],{"class":106},[74,148580,53788],{"class":167},[74,148582,249],{"class":106},[74,148584,5645],{"class":167},[74,148586,260],{"class":106},[74,148588,148589,148591,148593,148595,148597,148599,148601,148603,148605],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,148590,103],{"class":102},[74,148592,107],{"class":106},[74,148594,3298],{"class":110},[74,148596,114],{"class":106},[74,148598,35503],{"class":110},[74,148600,107],{"class":106},[74,148602,1672],{"class":167},[74,148604,5011],{"class":106},[74,148606,27434],{"class":3314},[20,148608,148609,148611,148612,148614,148616],{},[15,148610,17],{}," tells you how many times a value appears.",[9503,148613],{},[15,148615,1132],{}," tells you where the first match appears.",[60,148618,1471],{"id":1470},[262,148620,1495,148622,4796],{"id":148621},"what-does-tuplecount-return-in-python",[15,148623,147346],{},[20,148625,148626],{},"It returns an integer showing how many times the given value appears in the tuple.",[262,148628,1517,148630,148632],{"id":148629},"does-tuplecount-change-the-tuple",[15,148631,147346],{}," change the tuple?",[20,148634,148635],{},"No. It only reads the tuple and returns a count.",[262,148637,148639],{"id":148638},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-tuple","What happens if the value is not in the tuple?",[20,148641,11569,148642,114],{},[15,148643,327],{},[262,148645,1507,148647,148649],{"id":148646},"can-tuplecount-count-strings",[15,148648,147346],{}," count strings?",[20,148651,148652],{},"Yes. It can count strings, numbers, booleans, and other values stored in the tuple.",[262,148654,4828,148656,51,148658,2135],{"id":148655},"what-is-the-difference-between-tuplecount-and-tupleindex",[15,148657,147346],{},[15,148659,148660],{},"tuple.index()",[20,148662,148663,148665,148666,148668],{},[15,148664,17],{}," returns how many times a value appears. ",[15,148667,1132],{}," returns the position of the first match.",[60,148670,1527],{"id":1526},[30,148672,148673,148677,148682,148689,148697],{},[33,148674,148675],{},[125,148676,147455],{"href":147454},[33,148678,148679],{},[125,148680,148681],{"href":147458},"Python tuple creating a tuple",[33,148683,148684],{},[125,148685,148686,148687,10399],{"href":148475},"Python tuple ",[15,148688,1132],{},[33,148690,148691],{},[125,148692,148694,148695],{"href":148693},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len\u002F","Python tuple length with ",[15,148696,42016],{},[33,148698,148699],{},[125,148700,58605],{"href":58604},[1566,148702,148703],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":70,"searchDepth":99,"depth":99,"links":148705},[148706,148708,148711,148712,148713,148714,148715,148723,148724,148735],{"id":147422,"depth":99,"text":148707},"What tuple.count() does",{"id":147462,"depth":99,"text":147463,"children":148709},[148710],{"id":102742,"depth":133,"text":102743},{"id":356,"depth":99,"text":357},{"id":37675,"depth":99,"text":37676},{"id":40701,"depth":99,"text":40702},{"id":147985,"depth":99,"text":147986},{"id":913,"depth":99,"text":914,"children":148716},[148717,148719,148720,148722],{"id":148145,"depth":133,"text":148718},"Using count without parentheses",{"id":58243,"depth":133,"text":58656},{"id":148341,"depth":133,"text":148721},"Confusing tuple.count() with list.count()",{"id":148354,"depth":133,"text":148355},{"id":148459,"depth":99,"text":148460},{"id":1470,"depth":99,"text":1471,"children":148725},[148726,148728,148730,148731,148733],{"id":148621,"depth":133,"text":148727},"What does tuple.count() return in Python?",{"id":148629,"depth":133,"text":148729},"Does tuple.count() change the tuple?",{"id":148638,"depth":133,"text":148639},{"id":148646,"depth":133,"text":148732},"Can tuple.count() count strings?",{"id":148655,"depth":133,"text":148734},"What is the difference between tuple.count() and tuple.index()?",{"id":1526,"depth":99,"text":1527},"Master python tuple count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method",{"title":147333,"description":148736},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method","kaAqrDbPTszVe1OqbZgoePawtZs2amhp3rmhBeJurOY",{"id":148743,"title":148744,"body":148745,"description":150432,"extension":1610,"meta":150433,"navigation":407,"path":150434,"seo":150435,"stem":150436,"__hash__":150437},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple.md","Python Tuple: Creating a Tuple",{"type":7,"value":148746,"toc":150395},[148747,148750,148753,148762,148764,148894,148896,148957,148963,148965,148985,148989,148992,148995,149030,149032,149053,149056,149095,149097,149122,149129,149133,149136,149173,149175,149198,149201,149204,149216,149222,149226,149229,149235,149276,149278,149301,149304,149345,149347,149374,149376,149393,149395,149412,149415,149419,149422,149424,149458,149460,149507,149511,149550,149554,149557,149614,149616,149657,149663,149669,149674,149676,149713,149715,149735,149737,149770,149772,149805,149808,149812,149845,149847,149872,149875,149877,149891,149898,149900,149903,149907,149910,149945,149948,149983,149987,149990,150029,150032,150071,150075,150077,150107,150110,150117,150119,150151,150154,150186,150189,150220,150222,150239,150243,150246,150310,150312,150316,150323,150327,150330,150334,150337,150341,150344,150349,150355,150357,150392],[10,148748,148744],{"id":148749},"python-tuple-creating-a-tuple",[20,148751,148752],{},"A tuple is a simple way to store multiple values in one object. This page shows how to create tuples in Python, including empty tuples, one-item tuples, and tuples made from other iterable values.",[20,148754,148755,148756,339,148760,114],{},"The focus here is only on tuple creation syntax. If you want a general introduction, see ",[125,148757,148759],{"href":148758},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python\u002F","what is a tuple in Python",[125,148761,147455],{"href":147454},[60,148763,63],{"id":62},[65,148765,148767],{"className":67,"code":148766,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nempty = ()\none_item = (5,)\nfrom_list = tuple([\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"])\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(empty)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(from_list)\n",[15,148768,148769,148789,148798,148812,148848,148852,148862,148872,148883],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,148770,148771,148773,148775,148777,148779,148781,148783,148785,148787],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,148772,3266],{"class":80},[74,148774,85],{"class":84},[74,148776,8892],{"class":106},[74,148778,2632],{"class":167},[74,148780,249],{"class":106},[74,148782,620],{"class":167},[74,148784,249],{"class":106},[74,148786,2094],{"class":167},[74,148788,260],{"class":106},[74,148790,148791,148793,148795],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,148792,124319],{"class":80},[74,148794,85],{"class":84},[74,148796,148797],{"class":106}," ()\n",[74,148799,148800,148803,148805,148807,148809],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,148801,148802],{"class":80},"one_item ",[74,148804,85],{"class":84},[74,148806,8892],{"class":106},[74,148808,711],{"class":167},[74,148810,148811],{"class":106},",)\n",[74,148813,148814,148817,148819,148822,148824,148826,148828,148830,148832,148834,148836,148838,148840,148842,148844,148846],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,148815,148816],{"class":80},"from_list ",[74,148818,85],{"class":84},[74,148820,148821],{"class":1345}," tuple",[74,148823,2629],{"class":106},[74,148825,122],{"class":88},[74,148827,125],{"class":92},[74,148829,122],{"class":88},[74,148831,249],{"class":106},[74,148833,89],{"class":88},[74,148835,4412],{"class":92},[74,148837,122],{"class":88},[74,148839,249],{"class":106},[74,148841,89],{"class":88},[74,148843,9396],{"class":92},[74,148845,122],{"class":88},[74,148847,751],{"class":106},[74,148849,148850],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,148851,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,148853,148854,148856,148858,148860],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,148855,103],{"class":102},[74,148857,107],{"class":106},[74,148859,3298],{"class":110},[74,148861,260],{"class":106},[74,148863,148864,148866,148868,148870],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,148865,103],{"class":102},[74,148867,107],{"class":106},[74,148869,124370],{"class":110},[74,148871,260],{"class":106},[74,148873,148874,148876,148878,148881],{"class":76,"line":6079},[74,148875,103],{"class":102},[74,148877,107],{"class":106},[74,148879,148880],{"class":110},"one_item",[74,148882,260],{"class":106},[74,148884,148885,148887,148889,148892],{"class":76,"line":6085},[74,148886,103],{"class":102},[74,148888,107],{"class":106},[74,148890,148891],{"class":110},"from_list",[74,148893,260],{"class":106},[20,148895,157],{},[65,148897,148899],{"className":67,"code":148898,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"(1, 2, 3)\n()\n(5,)\n('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,148900,148901,148917,148921,148929],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,148902,148903,148905,148907,148909,148911,148913,148915],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,148904,107],{"class":106},[74,148906,2632],{"class":167},[74,148908,249],{"class":106},[74,148910,620],{"class":167},[74,148912,249],{"class":106},[74,148914,2094],{"class":167},[74,148916,260],{"class":106},[74,148918,148919],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,148920,8299],{"class":106},[74,148922,148923,148925,148927],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,148924,107],{"class":106},[74,148926,711],{"class":167},[74,148928,148811],{"class":106},[74,148930,148931,148933,148935,148937,148939,148941,148943,148945,148947,148949,148951,148953,148955],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,148932,107],{"class":106},[74,148934,2946],{"class":88},[74,148936,125],{"class":92},[74,148938,2946],{"class":88},[74,148940,249],{"class":106},[74,148942,2941],{"class":88},[74,148944,4412],{"class":92},[74,148946,2946],{"class":88},[74,148948,249],{"class":106},[74,148950,2941],{"class":88},[74,148952,9396],{"class":92},[74,148954,2946],{"class":88},[74,148956,260],{"class":106},[20,148958,148959,148960,114],{},"Use parentheses for most tuples. For one item, add a trailing comma: ",[15,148961,148962],{},"(5,)",[60,148964,14820],{"id":14819},[30,148966,148967,148970,148973,148976,148979,148982],{},[33,148968,148969],{},"What a tuple is at a basic level",[33,148971,148972],{},"How to create tuples with literal syntax",[33,148974,148975],{},"How to create an empty tuple",[33,148977,148978],{},"How to create a tuple with one item",[33,148980,148981],{},"How to create a tuple from a list, string, or other iterable",[33,148983,148984],{},"When tuple creation is useful",[60,148986,148988],{"id":148987},"basic-tuple-creation","Basic tuple creation",[20,148990,148991],{},"A tuple is an ordered collection of values.",[20,148993,148994],{},"Tuples are usually written with parentheses, and items are separated by commas.",[65,148996,148998],{"className":67,"code":148997,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,148999,149000,149020],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,149001,149002,149004,149006,149008,149010,149012,149014,149016,149018],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,149003,3266],{"class":80},[74,149005,85],{"class":84},[74,149007,8892],{"class":106},[74,149009,2632],{"class":167},[74,149011,249],{"class":106},[74,149013,620],{"class":167},[74,149015,249],{"class":106},[74,149017,2094],{"class":167},[74,149019,260],{"class":106},[74,149021,149022,149024,149026,149028],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,149023,103],{"class":102},[74,149025,107],{"class":106},[74,149027,3298],{"class":110},[74,149029,260],{"class":106},[20,149031,157],{},[65,149033,149035],{"className":67,"code":149034,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,149036,149037],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,149038,149039,149041,149043,149045,149047,149049,149051],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,149040,107],{"class":106},[74,149042,2632],{"class":167},[74,149044,249],{"class":106},[74,149046,620],{"class":167},[74,149048,249],{"class":106},[74,149050,2094],{"class":167},[74,149052,260],{"class":106},[20,149054,149055],{},"A tuple can also store different data types:",[65,149057,149059],{"className":67,"code":149058,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"data = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(data)\n",[15,149060,149061,149085],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,149062,149063,149065,149067,149069,149071,149073,149075,149077,149079,149081,149083],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,149064,8821],{"class":80},[74,149066,85],{"class":84},[74,149068,8892],{"class":106},[74,149070,2632],{"class":167},[74,149072,249],{"class":106},[74,149074,89],{"class":88},[74,149076,376],{"class":92},[74,149078,122],{"class":88},[74,149080,249],{"class":106},[74,149082,3567],{"class":3504},[74,149084,260],{"class":106},[74,149086,149087,149089,149091,149093],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,149088,103],{"class":102},[74,149090,107],{"class":106},[74,149092,8860],{"class":110},[74,149094,260],{"class":106},[20,149096,157],{},[65,149098,149100],{"className":67,"code":149099,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"(1, 'apple', True)\n",[15,149101,149102],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,149103,149104,149106,149108,149110,149112,149114,149116,149118,149120],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,149105,107],{"class":106},[74,149107,2632],{"class":167},[74,149109,249],{"class":106},[74,149111,2941],{"class":88},[74,149113,376],{"class":92},[74,149115,2946],{"class":88},[74,149117,249],{"class":106},[74,149119,3567],{"class":3504},[74,149121,260],{"class":106},[20,149123,149124,149125,114],{},"If you later want to get values out of a tuple by position, see ",[125,149126,149128],{"href":149127},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained\u002F","Python tuple indexing explained",[60,149130,149132],{"id":149131},"create-an-empty-tuple","Create an empty tuple",[20,149134,149135],{},"Use empty parentheses to create an empty tuple:",[65,149137,149139],{"className":67,"code":149138,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"empty = ()\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,149140,149141,149149,149159],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,149142,149143,149145,149147],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,149144,124319],{"class":80},[74,149146,85],{"class":84},[74,149148,148797],{"class":106},[74,149150,149151,149153,149155,149157],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,149152,103],{"class":102},[74,149154,107],{"class":106},[74,149156,124370],{"class":110},[74,149158,260],{"class":106},[74,149160,149161,149163,149165,149167,149169,149171],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,149162,103],{"class":102},[74,149164,107],{"class":106},[74,149166,1346],{"class":1345},[74,149168,107],{"class":106},[74,149170,124370],{"class":110},[74,149172,130],{"class":106},[20,149174,157],{},[65,149176,149178],{"className":67,"code":149177,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"()\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,149179,149180,149184],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,149181,149182],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,149183,8299],{"class":106},[74,149185,149186,149188,149190,149192,149194,149196],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,149187,2935],{"class":84},[74,149189,2938],{"class":1711},[74,149191,2941],{"class":88},[74,149193,48605],{"class":92},[74,149195,2946],{"class":88},[74,149197,2949],{"class":84},[20,149199,149200],{},"An empty tuple can be useful as a starting value.",[20,149202,149203],{},"It is different from an empty list:",[30,149205,149206,149211],{},[33,149207,149208,149209],{},"Empty tuple: ",[15,149210,7020],{},[33,149212,149213,149214],{},"Empty list: ",[15,149215,3438],{},[20,149217,149218,149219,114],{},"If you want to compare tuple and list creation, see ",[125,149220,149221],{"href":56806},"Python list: creating a list",[60,149223,149225],{"id":149224},"create-a-tuple-with-one-item","Create a tuple with one item",[20,149227,149228],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake.",[20,149230,149231,149232,149234],{},"A single value inside parentheses is ",[332,149233,334],{}," automatically a tuple:",[65,149236,149238],{"className":67,"code":149237,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"value = (5)\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,149239,149240,149252,149262],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,149241,149242,149244,149246,149248,149250],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,149243,2089],{"class":80},[74,149245,85],{"class":84},[74,149247,8892],{"class":106},[74,149249,711],{"class":167},[74,149251,260],{"class":106},[74,149253,149254,149256,149258,149260],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,149255,103],{"class":102},[74,149257,107],{"class":106},[74,149259,246],{"class":110},[74,149261,260],{"class":106},[74,149263,149264,149266,149268,149270,149272,149274],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,149265,103],{"class":102},[74,149267,107],{"class":106},[74,149269,1346],{"class":1345},[74,149271,107],{"class":106},[74,149273,246],{"class":110},[74,149275,130],{"class":106},[20,149277,157],{},[65,149279,149281],{"className":67,"code":149280,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"5\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,149282,149283,149287],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,149284,149285],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,149286,2590],{"class":167},[74,149288,149289,149291,149293,149295,149297,149299],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,149290,2935],{"class":84},[74,149292,2938],{"class":1711},[74,149294,2941],{"class":88},[74,149296,1831],{"class":92},[74,149298,2946],{"class":88},[74,149300,2949],{"class":84},[20,149302,149303],{},"To create a tuple with one item, you must add a trailing comma:",[65,149305,149307],{"className":67,"code":149306,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"one_item = (5,)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(type(one_item))\n",[15,149308,149309,149321,149331],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,149310,149311,149313,149315,149317,149319],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,149312,148802],{"class":80},[74,149314,85],{"class":84},[74,149316,8892],{"class":106},[74,149318,711],{"class":167},[74,149320,148811],{"class":106},[74,149322,149323,149325,149327,149329],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,149324,103],{"class":102},[74,149326,107],{"class":106},[74,149328,148880],{"class":110},[74,149330,260],{"class":106},[74,149332,149333,149335,149337,149339,149341,149343],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,149334,103],{"class":102},[74,149336,107],{"class":106},[74,149338,1346],{"class":1345},[74,149340,107],{"class":106},[74,149342,148880],{"class":110},[74,149344,130],{"class":106},[20,149346,157],{},[65,149348,149350],{"className":67,"code":149349,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"(5,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,149351,149352,149360],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,149353,149354,149356,149358],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,149355,107],{"class":106},[74,149357,711],{"class":167},[74,149359,148811],{"class":106},[74,149361,149362,149364,149366,149368,149370,149372],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,149363,2935],{"class":84},[74,149365,2938],{"class":1711},[74,149367,2941],{"class":88},[74,149369,48605],{"class":92},[74,149371,2946],{"class":88},[74,149373,2949],{"class":84},[20,149375,16314],{},[65,149377,149379],{"className":67,"code":149378,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"(\"apple\",)\n",[15,149380,149381],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,149382,149383,149385,149387,149389,149391],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,149384,107],{"class":106},[74,149386,122],{"class":88},[74,149388,376],{"class":92},[74,149390,122],{"class":88},[74,149392,148811],{"class":106},[20,149394,16302],{},[65,149396,149398],{"className":67,"code":149397,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"(\"apple\")\n",[15,149399,149400],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,149401,149402,149404,149406,149408,149410],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,149403,107],{"class":106},[74,149405,122],{"class":88},[74,149407,376],{"class":92},[74,149409,122],{"class":88},[74,149411,260],{"class":106},[20,149413,149414],{},"The comma is what makes it a tuple.",[60,149416,149418],{"id":149417},"create-tuples-with-different-value-types","Create tuples with different value types",[20,149420,149421],{},"A tuple can contain many kinds of values.",[262,149423,56114],{"id":3298},[65,149425,149426],{"className":67,"code":148997,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,149427,149428,149448],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,149429,149430,149432,149434,149436,149438,149440,149442,149444,149446],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,149431,3266],{"class":80},[74,149433,85],{"class":84},[74,149435,8892],{"class":106},[74,149437,2632],{"class":167},[74,149439,249],{"class":106},[74,149441,620],{"class":167},[74,149443,249],{"class":106},[74,149445,2094],{"class":167},[74,149447,260],{"class":106},[74,149449,149450,149452,149454,149456],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,149451,103],{"class":102},[74,149453,107],{"class":106},[74,149455,3298],{"class":110},[74,149457,260],{"class":106},[262,149459,56117],{"id":4958},[65,149461,149463],{"className":67,"code":149462,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,149464,149465,149497],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,149466,149467,149469,149471,149473,149475,149477,149479,149481,149483,149485,149487,149489,149491,149493,149495],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,149468,12732],{"class":80},[74,149470,85],{"class":84},[74,149472,8892],{"class":106},[74,149474,122],{"class":88},[74,149476,12749],{"class":92},[74,149478,122],{"class":88},[74,149480,249],{"class":106},[74,149482,89],{"class":88},[74,149484,17110],{"class":92},[74,149486,122],{"class":88},[74,149488,249],{"class":106},[74,149490,89],{"class":88},[74,149492,12766],{"class":92},[74,149494,122],{"class":88},[74,149496,260],{"class":106},[74,149498,149499,149501,149503,149505],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,149500,103],{"class":102},[74,149502,107],{"class":106},[74,149504,17157],{"class":110},[74,149506,260],{"class":106},[262,149508,149510],{"id":149509},"mixed-values","Mixed values",[65,149512,149514],{"className":67,"code":149513,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"mixed = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,149515,149516,149540],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,149517,149518,149520,149522,149524,149526,149528,149530,149532,149534,149536,149538],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,149519,59120],{"class":80},[74,149521,85],{"class":84},[74,149523,8892],{"class":106},[74,149525,2632],{"class":167},[74,149527,249],{"class":106},[74,149529,89],{"class":88},[74,149531,376],{"class":92},[74,149533,122],{"class":88},[74,149535,249],{"class":106},[74,149537,3567],{"class":3504},[74,149539,260],{"class":106},[74,149541,149542,149544,149546,149548],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,149543,103],{"class":102},[74,149545,107],{"class":106},[74,149547,59173],{"class":110},[74,149549,260],{"class":106},[262,149551,149553],{"id":149552},"nested-values","Nested values",[20,149555,149556],{},"You can also put other collections inside a tuple:",[65,149558,149560],{"className":67,"code":149559,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"nested = (1, (\"a\", \"b\"), [10, 20])\nprint(nested)\n",[15,149561,149562,149603],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,149563,149564,149567,149569,149571,149573,149575,149577,149579,149581,149583,149585,149587,149589,149591,149593,149595,149597,149599,149601],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,149565,149566],{"class":80},"nested ",[74,149568,85],{"class":84},[74,149570,8892],{"class":106},[74,149572,2632],{"class":167},[74,149574,249],{"class":106},[74,149576,8892],{"class":106},[74,149578,122],{"class":88},[74,149580,125],{"class":92},[74,149582,122],{"class":88},[74,149584,249],{"class":106},[74,149586,89],{"class":88},[74,149588,4412],{"class":92},[74,149590,122],{"class":88},[74,149592,8889],{"class":106},[74,149594,3271],{"class":106},[74,149596,1972],{"class":167},[74,149598,249],{"class":106},[74,149600,7446],{"class":167},[74,149602,751],{"class":106},[74,149604,149605,149607,149609,149612],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,149606,103],{"class":102},[74,149608,107],{"class":106},[74,149610,149611],{"class":110},"nested",[74,149613,260],{"class":106},[20,149615,157],{},[65,149617,149619],{"className":67,"code":149618,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"(1, ('a', 'b'), [10, 20])\n",[15,149620,149621],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,149622,149623,149625,149627,149629,149631,149633,149635,149637,149639,149641,149643,149645,149647,149649,149651,149653,149655],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,149624,107],{"class":106},[74,149626,2632],{"class":167},[74,149628,249],{"class":106},[74,149630,8892],{"class":106},[74,149632,2946],{"class":88},[74,149634,125],{"class":92},[74,149636,2946],{"class":88},[74,149638,249],{"class":106},[74,149640,2941],{"class":88},[74,149642,4412],{"class":92},[74,149644,2946],{"class":88},[74,149646,8889],{"class":106},[74,149648,3271],{"class":106},[74,149650,1972],{"class":167},[74,149652,249],{"class":106},[74,149654,7446],{"class":167},[74,149656,751],{"class":106},[60,149658,149660,149661],{"id":149659},"create-a-tuple-with-tuple","Create a tuple with ",[15,149662,37702],{},[20,149664,149665,149666,149668],{},"You can use the built-in ",[15,149667,37702],{}," function to convert another iterable into a tuple.",[20,149670,149671,149672,114],{},"If you want more detail about this function, see ",[125,149673,62865],{"href":62864},[262,149675,104883],{"id":104882},[65,149677,149679],{"className":67,"code":149678,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = tuple([1, 2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,149680,149681,149703],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,149682,149683,149685,149687,149689,149691,149693,149695,149697,149699,149701],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,149684,3266],{"class":80},[74,149686,85],{"class":84},[74,149688,148821],{"class":1345},[74,149690,2629],{"class":106},[74,149692,2632],{"class":167},[74,149694,249],{"class":106},[74,149696,620],{"class":167},[74,149698,249],{"class":106},[74,149700,2094],{"class":167},[74,149702,751],{"class":106},[74,149704,149705,149707,149709,149711],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,149706,103],{"class":102},[74,149708,107],{"class":106},[74,149710,3298],{"class":110},[74,149712,260],{"class":106},[20,149714,157],{},[65,149716,149717],{"className":67,"code":149034,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,149718,149719],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,149720,149721,149723,149725,149727,149729,149731,149733],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,149722,107],{"class":106},[74,149724,2632],{"class":167},[74,149726,249],{"class":106},[74,149728,620],{"class":167},[74,149730,249],{"class":106},[74,149732,2094],{"class":167},[74,149734,260],{"class":106},[262,149736,105069],{"id":105068},[65,149738,149740],{"className":67,"code":149739,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"letters = tuple(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,149741,149742,149760],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,149743,149744,149746,149748,149750,149752,149754,149756,149758],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,149745,35746],{"class":80},[74,149747,85],{"class":84},[74,149749,148821],{"class":1345},[74,149751,107],{"class":106},[74,149753,122],{"class":88},[74,149755,41215],{"class":92},[74,149757,122],{"class":88},[74,149759,260],{"class":106},[74,149761,149762,149764,149766,149768],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,149763,103],{"class":102},[74,149765,107],{"class":106},[74,149767,35799],{"class":110},[74,149769,260],{"class":106},[20,149771,157],{},[65,149773,149775],{"className":67,"code":149774,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,149776,149777],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,149778,149779,149781,149783,149785,149787,149789,149791,149793,149795,149797,149799,149801,149803],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,149780,107],{"class":106},[74,149782,2946],{"class":88},[74,149784,125],{"class":92},[74,149786,2946],{"class":88},[74,149788,249],{"class":106},[74,149790,2941],{"class":88},[74,149792,4412],{"class":92},[74,149794,2946],{"class":88},[74,149796,249],{"class":106},[74,149798,2941],{"class":88},[74,149800,9396],{"class":92},[74,149802,2946],{"class":88},[74,149804,260],{"class":106},[20,149806,149807],{},"This works because a string is iterable, so Python goes through it one character at a time.",[262,149809,149811],{"id":149810},"from-another-iterable","From another iterable",[65,149813,149815],{"className":67,"code":149814,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"values = tuple(range(4))\nprint(values)\n",[15,149816,149817,149835],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,149818,149819,149821,149823,149825,149827,149829,149831,149833],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,149820,3474],{"class":80},[74,149822,85],{"class":84},[74,149824,148821],{"class":1345},[74,149826,107],{"class":106},[74,149828,59646],{"class":102},[74,149830,107],{"class":106},[74,149832,2148],{"class":167},[74,149834,130],{"class":106},[74,149836,149837,149839,149841,149843],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,149838,103],{"class":102},[74,149840,107],{"class":106},[74,149842,5008],{"class":110},[74,149844,260],{"class":106},[20,149846,157],{},[65,149848,149850],{"className":67,"code":149849,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"(0, 1, 2, 3)\n",[15,149851,149852],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,149853,149854,149856,149858,149860,149862,149864,149866,149868,149870],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,149855,107],{"class":106},[74,149857,327],{"class":167},[74,149859,249],{"class":106},[74,149861,5148],{"class":167},[74,149863,249],{"class":106},[74,149865,620],{"class":167},[74,149867,249],{"class":106},[74,149869,2094],{"class":167},[74,149871,260],{"class":106},[20,149873,149874],{},"This is useful when your data already exists in another form and you want a tuple version of it.",[60,149876,20456],{"id":20455},[30,149878,149879,149882,149885,149888],{},[33,149880,149881],{},"Commas create tuple items.",[33,149883,149884],{},"Parentheses help readability, but the commas matter most.",[33,149886,149887],{},"Tuples cannot be changed after creation.",[33,149889,149890],{},"If you need to change items often, use a list instead.",[20,149892,149893,149894,114],{},"For a bigger comparison, see ",[125,149895,149897],{"href":149896},"\u002Flearn\u002Fwhen-to-use-lists-vs-tuples-vs-sets-vs-dictionaries\u002F","when to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[60,149899,914],{"id":913},[20,149901,149902],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating tuples.",[262,149904,149906],{"id":149905},"forgetting-the-comma-in-a-one-item-tuple","Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple",[20,149908,149909],{},"This creates a normal value, not a tuple:",[65,149911,149913],{"className":67,"code":149912,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"item = (\"apple\")\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,149914,149915,149931],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,149916,149917,149919,149921,149923,149925,149927,149929],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,149918,28193],{"class":80},[74,149920,85],{"class":84},[74,149922,8892],{"class":106},[74,149924,122],{"class":88},[74,149926,376],{"class":92},[74,149928,122],{"class":88},[74,149930,260],{"class":106},[74,149932,149933,149935,149937,149939,149941,149943],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,149934,103],{"class":102},[74,149936,107],{"class":106},[74,149938,1346],{"class":1345},[74,149940,107],{"class":106},[74,149942,22966],{"class":110},[74,149944,130],{"class":106},[20,149946,149947],{},"To fix it, add a comma:",[65,149949,149951],{"className":67,"code":149950,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"item = (\"apple\",)\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,149952,149953,149969],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,149954,149955,149957,149959,149961,149963,149965,149967],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,149956,28193],{"class":80},[74,149958,85],{"class":84},[74,149960,8892],{"class":106},[74,149962,122],{"class":88},[74,149964,376],{"class":92},[74,149966,122],{"class":88},[74,149968,148811],{"class":106},[74,149970,149971,149973,149975,149977,149979,149981],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,149972,103],{"class":102},[74,149974,107],{"class":106},[74,149976,1346],{"class":1345},[74,149978,107],{"class":106},[74,149980,22966],{"class":110},[74,149982,130],{"class":106},[262,149984,149986],{"id":149985},"using-square-brackets-by-mistake","Using square brackets by mistake",[20,149988,149989],{},"This creates a list, not a tuple:",[65,149991,149993],{"className":67,"code":149992,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,149994,149995,150015],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,149996,149997,149999,150001,150003,150005,150007,150009,150011,150013],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,149998,3474],{"class":80},[74,150000,85],{"class":84},[74,150002,3271],{"class":106},[74,150004,2632],{"class":167},[74,150006,249],{"class":106},[74,150008,620],{"class":167},[74,150010,249],{"class":106},[74,150012,2094],{"class":167},[74,150014,3284],{"class":106},[74,150016,150017,150019,150021,150023,150025,150027],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,150018,103],{"class":102},[74,150020,107],{"class":106},[74,150022,1346],{"class":1345},[74,150024,107],{"class":106},[74,150026,5008],{"class":110},[74,150028,130],{"class":106},[20,150030,150031],{},"If you want a tuple, use parentheses:",[65,150033,150035],{"className":67,"code":150034,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"values = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,150036,150037,150057],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,150038,150039,150041,150043,150045,150047,150049,150051,150053,150055],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,150040,3474],{"class":80},[74,150042,85],{"class":84},[74,150044,8892],{"class":106},[74,150046,2632],{"class":167},[74,150048,249],{"class":106},[74,150050,620],{"class":167},[74,150052,249],{"class":106},[74,150054,2094],{"class":167},[74,150056,260],{"class":106},[74,150058,150059,150061,150063,150065,150067,150069],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,150060,103],{"class":102},[74,150062,107],{"class":106},[74,150064,1346],{"class":1345},[74,150066,107],{"class":106},[74,150068,5008],{"class":110},[74,150070,130],{"class":106},[262,150072,150074],{"id":150073},"expecting-tuple-items-to-be-changeable","Expecting tuple items to be changeable",[20,150076,149887],{},[65,150078,150080],{"className":67,"code":150079,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\n# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[15,150081,150082,150102],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,150083,150084,150086,150088,150090,150092,150094,150096,150098,150100],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,150085,3266],{"class":80},[74,150087,85],{"class":84},[74,150089,8892],{"class":106},[74,150091,2632],{"class":167},[74,150093,249],{"class":106},[74,150095,620],{"class":167},[74,150097,249],{"class":106},[74,150099,2094],{"class":167},[74,150101,260],{"class":106},[74,150103,150104],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,150105,150106],{"class":3314},"# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[20,150108,150109],{},"If you need to update items, use a list instead.",[262,150111,1123,150113,150116],{"id":150112},"confusing-tupleabc-with-one-string-inside-a-tuple",[15,150114,150115],{},"tuple(\"abc\")"," with one string inside a tuple",[20,150118,64289],{},[65,150120,150121],{"className":67,"code":149739,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,150122,150123,150141],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,150124,150125,150127,150129,150131,150133,150135,150137,150139],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,150126,35746],{"class":80},[74,150128,85],{"class":84},[74,150130,148821],{"class":1345},[74,150132,107],{"class":106},[74,150134,122],{"class":88},[74,150136,41215],{"class":92},[74,150138,122],{"class":88},[74,150140,260],{"class":106},[74,150142,150143,150145,150147,150149],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,150144,103],{"class":102},[74,150146,107],{"class":106},[74,150148,35799],{"class":110},[74,150150,260],{"class":106},[20,150152,150153],{},"gives:",[65,150155,150156],{"className":67,"code":149774,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,150157,150158],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,150159,150160,150162,150164,150166,150168,150170,150172,150174,150176,150178,150180,150182,150184],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,150161,107],{"class":106},[74,150163,2946],{"class":88},[74,150165,125],{"class":92},[74,150167,2946],{"class":88},[74,150169,249],{"class":106},[74,150171,2941],{"class":88},[74,150173,4412],{"class":92},[74,150175,2946],{"class":88},[74,150177,249],{"class":106},[74,150179,2941],{"class":88},[74,150181,9396],{"class":92},[74,150183,2946],{"class":88},[74,150185,260],{"class":106},[20,150187,150188],{},"If you want one string as a single tuple item, write:",[65,150190,150192],{"className":67,"code":150191,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"word = (\"abc\",)\nprint(word)\n",[15,150193,150194,150210],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,150195,150196,150198,150200,150202,150204,150206,150208],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,150197,5806],{"class":80},[74,150199,85],{"class":84},[74,150201,8892],{"class":106},[74,150203,122],{"class":88},[74,150205,41215],{"class":92},[74,150207,122],{"class":88},[74,150209,148811],{"class":106},[74,150211,150212,150214,150216,150218],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,150213,103],{"class":102},[74,150215,107],{"class":106},[74,150217,38047],{"class":110},[74,150219,260],{"class":106},[20,150221,157],{},[65,150223,150225],{"className":67,"code":150224,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"('abc',)\n",[15,150226,150227],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,150228,150229,150231,150233,150235,150237],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,150230,107],{"class":106},[74,150232,2946],{"class":88},[74,150234,41215],{"class":92},[74,150236,2946],{"class":88},[74,150238,148811],{"class":106},[262,150240,150242],{"id":150241},"simple-debugging-checks","Simple debugging checks",[20,150244,150245],{},"If you are not sure what you created, these checks help:",[65,150247,150249],{"className":67,"code":150248,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"my_tuple = (\"apple\",)\n\nprint(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,150250,150251,150268,150272,150282,150296],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,150252,150253,150256,150258,150260,150262,150264,150266],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,150254,150255],{"class":80},"my_tuple ",[74,150257,85],{"class":84},[74,150259,8892],{"class":106},[74,150261,122],{"class":88},[74,150263,376],{"class":92},[74,150265,122],{"class":88},[74,150267,148811],{"class":106},[74,150269,150270],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,150271,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,150273,150274,150276,150278,150280],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,150275,103],{"class":102},[74,150277,107],{"class":106},[74,150279,147473],{"class":110},[74,150281,260],{"class":106},[74,150283,150284,150286,150288,150290,150292,150294],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,150285,103],{"class":102},[74,150287,107],{"class":106},[74,150289,1346],{"class":1345},[74,150291,107],{"class":106},[74,150293,147473],{"class":110},[74,150295,130],{"class":106},[74,150297,150298,150300,150302,150304,150306,150308],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,150299,103],{"class":102},[74,150301,107],{"class":106},[74,150303,10820],{"class":102},[74,150305,107],{"class":106},[74,150307,147473],{"class":110},[74,150309,130],{"class":106},[60,150311,1471],{"id":1470},[262,150313,150315],{"id":150314},"how-do-i-create-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I create a tuple with one item?",[20,150317,150318,150319,150322],{},"Add a trailing comma, like ",[15,150320,150321],{},"(\"apple\",)",". Without the comma, Python treats it as a normal value.",[262,150324,150326],{"id":150325},"do-tuples-always-need-parentheses","Do tuples always need parentheses?",[20,150328,150329],{},"Parentheses are common and clearer for beginners, but commas are what make a tuple.",[262,150331,150333],{"id":150332},"can-a-tuple-contain-different-data-types","Can a tuple contain different data types?",[20,150335,150336],{},"Yes. A tuple can contain numbers, strings, booleans, and other objects.",[262,150338,150340],{"id":150339},"what-is-the-difference-between-a-tuple-and-a-list","What is the difference between a tuple and a list?",[20,150342,150343],{},"A tuple cannot be changed after creation. A list can be changed.",[262,150345,1495,150347,12374],{"id":150346},"what-does-tupleabc-return",[15,150348,150115],{},[20,150350,1501,150351,150354],{},[15,150352,150353],{},"('a', 'b', 'c')"," because the string is treated as an iterable of characters.",[60,150356,1527],{"id":1526},[30,150358,150359,150363,150367,150373,150378,150383,150387],{},[33,150360,150361],{},[125,150362,147455],{"href":147454},[33,150364,150365],{},[125,150366,149128],{"href":149127},[33,150368,150369],{},[125,150370,150372],{"href":150371},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained\u002F","Python tuple slicing explained",[33,150374,150375],{},[125,150376,150377],{"href":148693},"Python tuple length with len()",[33,150379,150380],{},[125,150381,150382],{"href":148758},"What is a tuple in Python?",[33,150384,150385],{},[125,150386,62865],{"href":62864},[33,150388,150389],{},[125,150390,150391],{"href":149896},"When to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[1566,150393,150394],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":70,"searchDepth":99,"depth":99,"links":150396},[150397,150398,150399,150400,150401,150402,150408,150414,150415,150423,150431],{"id":62,"depth":99,"text":63},{"id":14819,"depth":99,"text":14820},{"id":148987,"depth":99,"text":148988},{"id":149131,"depth":99,"text":149132},{"id":149224,"depth":99,"text":149225},{"id":149417,"depth":99,"text":149418,"children":150403},[150404,150405,150406,150407],{"id":3298,"depth":133,"text":56114},{"id":4958,"depth":133,"text":56117},{"id":149509,"depth":133,"text":149510},{"id":149552,"depth":133,"text":149553},{"id":149659,"depth":99,"text":150409,"children":150410},"Create a tuple with tuple()",[150411,150412,150413],{"id":104882,"depth":133,"text":104883},{"id":105068,"depth":133,"text":105069},{"id":149810,"depth":133,"text":149811},{"id":20455,"depth":99,"text":20456},{"id":913,"depth":99,"text":914,"children":150416},[150417,150418,150419,150420,150422],{"id":149905,"depth":133,"text":149906},{"id":149985,"depth":133,"text":149986},{"id":150073,"depth":133,"text":150074},{"id":150112,"depth":133,"text":150421},"Confusing tuple(\"abc\") with one string inside a tuple",{"id":150241,"depth":133,"text":150242},{"id":1470,"depth":99,"text":1471,"children":150424},[150425,150426,150427,150428,150429],{"id":150314,"depth":133,"text":150315},{"id":150325,"depth":133,"text":150326},{"id":150332,"depth":133,"text":150333},{"id":150339,"depth":133,"text":150340},{"id":150346,"depth":133,"text":150430},"What does tuple(\"abc\") return?",{"id":1526,"depth":99,"text":1527},"Master python tuple creating a tuple in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple",{"title":148744,"description":150432},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple","SQWI2ojc9mwi8pBVXbAE-y8OnaS1gj7HNiNhaF1JyuA",{"id":150439,"title":150440,"body":150441,"description":151986,"extension":1610,"meta":151987,"navigation":407,"path":151988,"seo":151989,"stem":151990,"__hash__":151991},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained.md","Python tuple() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":150442,"toc":151956},[150443,150446,150451,150453,150466,150472,150474,150541,150543,150578,150583,150587,150591,150593,150604,150612,150614,150616,150637,150639,150659,150662,150664,150669,150712,150714,150736,150739,150752,150756,150760,150763,150816,150818,150839,150844,150848,150851,150896,150898,150931,150943,150947,150955,150992,150994,151023,151027,151030,151083,151085,151105,151112,151116,151121,151190,151192,151217,151221,151224,151230,151307,151309,151368,151370,151382,151387,151391,151395,151409,151411,151446,151448,151465,151468,151481,151485,151489,151500,151505,151520,151523,151526,151528,151531,151535,151537,151551,151553,151577,151582,151586,151589,151608,151611,151660,151665,151682,151685,151718,151722,151724,151775,151778,151803,151806,151829,151833,151839,151841,151876,151879,151884,151886,151890,151893,151897,151902,151906,151909,151913,151916,151920,151925,151927,151953],[10,150444,150440],{"id":150445},"python-tuple-function-explained",[20,150447,8778,150448,150450],{},[15,150449,37702],{}," function creates a tuple in Python.",[20,150452,82226],{},[30,150454,150455,150460],{},[33,150456,150457,150459],{},[15,150458,37702],{}," creates an empty tuple",[33,150461,150462,150465],{},[15,150463,150464],{},"tuple(iterable)"," converts an iterable into a tuple",[20,150467,150468,150469,150471],{},"This is useful when you want a fixed, immutable sequence of values. Beginners often use ",[15,150470,37702],{}," to convert a list, string, range, or other iterable into a tuple.",[60,150473,63],{"id":62},[65,150475,150477],{"className":67,"code":150476,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,150478,150479,150499,150513,150517,150527],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,150480,150481,150483,150485,150487,150489,150491,150493,150495,150497],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,150482,3266],{"class":80},[74,150484,85],{"class":84},[74,150486,3271],{"class":106},[74,150488,2632],{"class":167},[74,150490,249],{"class":106},[74,150492,620],{"class":167},[74,150494,249],{"class":106},[74,150496,2094],{"class":167},[74,150498,3284],{"class":106},[74,150500,150501,150503,150505,150507,150509,150511],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,150502,383],{"class":80},[74,150504,85],{"class":84},[74,150506,148821],{"class":1345},[74,150508,107],{"class":106},[74,150510,3298],{"class":110},[74,150512,260],{"class":106},[74,150514,150515],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,150516,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,150518,150519,150521,150523,150525],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,150520,103],{"class":102},[74,150522,107],{"class":106},[74,150524,418],{"class":110},[74,150526,260],{"class":106},[74,150528,150529,150531,150533,150535,150537,150539],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,150530,103],{"class":102},[74,150532,107],{"class":106},[74,150534,1346],{"class":1345},[74,150536,107],{"class":106},[74,150538,418],{"class":110},[74,150540,130],{"class":106},[20,150542,157],{},[65,150544,150546],{"className":67,"code":150545,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"(1, 2, 3)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,150547,150548,150564],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,150549,150550,150552,150554,150556,150558,150560,150562],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,150551,107],{"class":106},[74,150553,2632],{"class":167},[74,150555,249],{"class":106},[74,150557,620],{"class":167},[74,150559,249],{"class":106},[74,150561,2094],{"class":167},[74,150563,260],{"class":106},[74,150565,150566,150568,150570,150572,150574,150576],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,150567,2935],{"class":84},[74,150569,2938],{"class":1711},[74,150571,2941],{"class":88},[74,150573,48605],{"class":92},[74,150575,2946],{"class":88},[74,150577,2949],{"class":84},[20,150579,176,150580,150582],{},[15,150581,150464],{}," to convert an iterable like a list, string, or range into a tuple.",[60,150584,150586],{"id":150585},"what-tuple-does","What tuple() does",[20,150588,150589,62573],{},[15,150590,37702],{},[20,150592,48579],{},[30,150594,150595,150598,150601],{},[33,150596,150597],{},"creates a tuple object",[33,150599,150600],{},"can make an empty tuple with no arguments",[33,150602,150603],{},"can convert another iterable into a tuple",[20,150605,150606,150607,150609,150610,114],{},"If you are new to tuples, see ",[125,150608,148759],{"href":148758}," or the full guide to ",[125,150611,147455],{"href":147454},[60,150613,227],{"id":226},[20,150615,26141],{},[65,150617,150619],{"className":67,"code":150618,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"tuple()\ntuple(iterable)\n",[15,150620,150621,150627],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,150622,150623,150625],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,150624,48605],{"class":1345},[74,150626,8299],{"class":106},[74,150628,150629,150631,150633,150635],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,150630,48605],{"class":1345},[74,150632,107],{"class":106},[74,150634,3371],{"class":110},[74,150636,260],{"class":106},[20,150638,11117],{},[30,150640,150641,150644],{},[33,150642,150643],{},"The argument must be an iterable",[33,150645,150646,150647],{},"Common iterables include:\n",[30,150648,150649,150651,150653,150655,150657],{},[33,150650,4949],{},[33,150652,4958],{},[33,150654,62644],{},[33,150656,4955],{},[33,150658,6905],{},[20,150660,150661],{},"An iterable is a value Python can go through one item at a time.",[60,150663,149132],{"id":149131},[20,150665,29305,150666,150668],{},[15,150667,37702],{}," with no argument returns an empty tuple.",[65,150670,150672],{"className":67,"code":150671,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"empty = tuple()\n\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,150673,150674,150684,150688,150698],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,150675,150676,150678,150680,150682],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,150677,124319],{"class":80},[74,150679,85],{"class":84},[74,150681,148821],{"class":1345},[74,150683,8299],{"class":106},[74,150685,150686],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,150687,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,150689,150690,150692,150694,150696],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,150691,103],{"class":102},[74,150693,107],{"class":106},[74,150695,124370],{"class":110},[74,150697,260],{"class":106},[74,150699,150700,150702,150704,150706,150708,150710],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,150701,103],{"class":102},[74,150703,107],{"class":106},[74,150705,1346],{"class":1345},[74,150707,107],{"class":106},[74,150709,124370],{"class":110},[74,150711,130],{"class":106},[20,150713,157],{},[65,150715,150716],{"className":67,"code":149177,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,150717,150718,150722],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,150719,150720],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,150721,8299],{"class":106},[74,150723,150724,150726,150728,150730,150732,150734],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,150725,2935],{"class":84},[74,150727,2938],{"class":1711},[74,150729,2941],{"class":88},[74,150731,48605],{"class":92},[74,150733,2946],{"class":88},[74,150735,2949],{"class":84},[20,150737,150738],{},"This is equivalent to:",[65,150740,150742],{"className":67,"code":150741,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"empty = ()\n",[15,150743,150744],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,150745,150746,150748,150750],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,150747,124319],{"class":80},[74,150749,85],{"class":84},[74,150751,148797],{"class":106},[60,150753,150755],{"id":150754},"convert-common-iterables-to-a-tuple","Convert common iterables to a tuple",[262,150757,150759],{"id":150758},"list-to-tuple","List to tuple",[20,150761,150762],{},"A list keeps its item order when converted to a tuple.",[65,150764,150766],{"className":67,"code":150765,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,150767,150768,150788,150802,150806],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,150769,150770,150772,150774,150776,150778,150780,150782,150784,150786],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,150771,3266],{"class":80},[74,150773,85],{"class":84},[74,150775,3271],{"class":106},[74,150777,1972],{"class":167},[74,150779,249],{"class":106},[74,150781,7446],{"class":167},[74,150783,249],{"class":106},[74,150785,7451],{"class":167},[74,150787,3284],{"class":106},[74,150789,150790,150792,150794,150796,150798,150800],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,150791,383],{"class":80},[74,150793,85],{"class":84},[74,150795,148821],{"class":1345},[74,150797,107],{"class":106},[74,150799,3298],{"class":110},[74,150801,260],{"class":106},[74,150803,150804],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,150805,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,150807,150808,150810,150812,150814],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,150809,103],{"class":102},[74,150811,107],{"class":106},[74,150813,418],{"class":110},[74,150815,260],{"class":106},[20,150817,157],{},[65,150819,150821],{"className":67,"code":150820,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"(10, 20, 30)\n",[15,150822,150823],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,150824,150825,150827,150829,150831,150833,150835,150837],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,150826,107],{"class":106},[74,150828,1972],{"class":167},[74,150830,249],{"class":106},[74,150832,7446],{"class":167},[74,150834,249],{"class":106},[74,150836,7451],{"class":167},[74,150838,260],{"class":106},[20,150840,150841,150842,114],{},"If you need a changeable sequence instead, see the ",[125,150843,104688],{"href":59703},[262,150845,150847],{"id":150846},"string-to-tuple","String to tuple",[20,150849,150850],{},"A string is iterable, so each character becomes a separate item.",[65,150852,150854],{"className":67,"code":150853,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"cat\"\nresult = tuple(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,150855,150856,150868,150882,150886],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,150857,150858,150860,150862,150864,150866],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,150859,81],{"class":80},[74,150861,85],{"class":84},[74,150863,89],{"class":88},[74,150865,486],{"class":92},[74,150867,96],{"class":88},[74,150869,150870,150872,150874,150876,150878,150880],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,150871,383],{"class":80},[74,150873,85],{"class":84},[74,150875,148821],{"class":1345},[74,150877,107],{"class":106},[74,150879,111],{"class":110},[74,150881,260],{"class":106},[74,150883,150884],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,150885,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,150887,150888,150890,150892,150894],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,150889,103],{"class":102},[74,150891,107],{"class":106},[74,150893,418],{"class":110},[74,150895,260],{"class":106},[20,150897,157],{},[65,150899,150901],{"className":67,"code":150900,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"('c', 'a', 't')\n",[15,150902,150903],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,150904,150905,150907,150909,150911,150913,150915,150917,150919,150921,150923,150925,150927,150929],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,150906,107],{"class":106},[74,150908,2946],{"class":88},[74,150910,9396],{"class":92},[74,150912,2946],{"class":88},[74,150914,249],{"class":106},[74,150916,2941],{"class":88},[74,150918,125],{"class":92},[74,150920,2946],{"class":88},[74,150922,249],{"class":106},[74,150924,2941],{"class":88},[74,150926,62934],{"class":92},[74,150928,2946],{"class":88},[74,150930,260],{"class":106},[20,150932,150933,150934,13711,150937,150939,150940,114],{},"This often surprises beginners. ",[15,150935,150936],{},"tuple(\"cat\")",[332,150938,334],{}," create ",[15,150941,150942],{},"('cat',)",[262,150944,150946],{"id":150945},"range-to-tuple","Range to tuple",[20,150948,150949,150951,150952,150954],{},[15,150950,35854],{}," produces values one at a time, and ",[15,150953,37702],{}," collects them all.",[65,150956,150958],{"className":67,"code":150957,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"result = tuple(range(5))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,150959,150960,150978,150982],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,150961,150962,150964,150966,150968,150970,150972,150974,150976],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,150963,383],{"class":80},[74,150965,85],{"class":84},[74,150967,148821],{"class":1345},[74,150969,107],{"class":106},[74,150971,59646],{"class":102},[74,150973,107],{"class":106},[74,150975,711],{"class":167},[74,150977,130],{"class":106},[74,150979,150980],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,150981,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,150983,150984,150986,150988,150990],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,150985,103],{"class":102},[74,150987,107],{"class":106},[74,150989,418],{"class":110},[74,150991,260],{"class":106},[20,150993,157],{},[65,150995,150997],{"className":67,"code":150996,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"(0, 1, 2, 3, 4)\n",[15,150998,150999],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,151000,151001,151003,151005,151007,151009,151011,151013,151015,151017,151019,151021],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,151002,107],{"class":106},[74,151004,327],{"class":167},[74,151006,249],{"class":106},[74,151008,5148],{"class":167},[74,151010,249],{"class":106},[74,151012,620],{"class":167},[74,151014,249],{"class":106},[74,151016,2094],{"class":167},[74,151018,249],{"class":106},[74,151020,2100],{"class":167},[74,151022,260],{"class":106},[262,151024,151026],{"id":151025},"set-to-tuple","Set to tuple",[20,151028,151029],{},"A set can also be converted to a tuple.",[65,151031,151033],{"className":67,"code":151032,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"values = {1, 2, 3}\nresult = tuple(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151034,151035,151055,151069,151073],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,151036,151037,151039,151041,151043,151045,151047,151049,151051,151053],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,151038,3474],{"class":80},[74,151040,85],{"class":84},[74,151042,10148],{"class":106},[74,151044,2632],{"class":167},[74,151046,249],{"class":106},[74,151048,620],{"class":167},[74,151050,249],{"class":106},[74,151052,2094],{"class":167},[74,151054,8965],{"class":106},[74,151056,151057,151059,151061,151063,151065,151067],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,151058,383],{"class":80},[74,151060,85],{"class":84},[74,151062,148821],{"class":1345},[74,151064,107],{"class":106},[74,151066,5008],{"class":110},[74,151068,260],{"class":106},[74,151070,151071],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,151072,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,151074,151075,151077,151079,151081],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,151076,103],{"class":102},[74,151078,107],{"class":106},[74,151080,418],{"class":110},[74,151082,260],{"class":106},[20,151084,157],{},[65,151086,151087],{"className":67,"code":149034,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,151088,151089],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,151090,151091,151093,151095,151097,151099,151101,151103],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,151092,107],{"class":106},[74,151094,2632],{"class":167},[74,151096,249],{"class":106},[74,151098,620],{"class":167},[74,151100,249],{"class":106},[74,151102,2094],{"class":167},[74,151104,260],{"class":106},[20,151106,151107,151108,114],{},"The order may not be predictable, because sets do not store items in a fixed order. If you want to understand sets better, see the ",[125,151109,151111],{"href":151110},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained\u002F","Python set() function explained",[262,151113,151115],{"id":151114},"dictionary-to-tuple","Dictionary to tuple",[20,151117,63187,151118,151120],{},[15,151119,37702],{},", Python uses the dictionary's keys.",[65,151122,151124],{"className":67,"code":151123,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = tuple(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151125,151126,151162,151176,151180],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,151127,151128,151130,151132,151134,151136,151138,151140,151142,151144,151146,151148,151150,151152,151154,151156,151158,151160],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,151129,12861],{"class":80},[74,151131,85],{"class":84},[74,151133,10148],{"class":106},[74,151135,122],{"class":88},[74,151137,7323],{"class":92},[74,151139,122],{"class":88},[74,151141,679],{"class":106},[74,151143,89],{"class":88},[74,151145,12539],{"class":92},[74,151147,122],{"class":88},[74,151149,249],{"class":106},[74,151151,89],{"class":88},[74,151153,8955],{"class":92},[74,151155,122],{"class":88},[74,151157,679],{"class":106},[74,151159,8962],{"class":167},[74,151161,8965],{"class":106},[74,151163,151164,151166,151168,151170,151172,151174],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,151165,383],{"class":80},[74,151167,85],{"class":84},[74,151169,148821],{"class":1345},[74,151171,107],{"class":106},[74,151173,16965],{"class":110},[74,151175,260],{"class":106},[74,151177,151178],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,151179,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,151181,151182,151184,151186,151188],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,151183,103],{"class":102},[74,151185,107],{"class":106},[74,151187,418],{"class":110},[74,151189,260],{"class":106},[20,151191,29685],{},[65,151193,151195],{"className":67,"code":151194,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"('name', 'age')\n",[15,151196,151197],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,151198,151199,151201,151203,151205,151207,151209,151211,151213,151215],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,151200,107],{"class":106},[74,151202,2946],{"class":88},[74,151204,7323],{"class":92},[74,151206,2946],{"class":88},[74,151208,249],{"class":106},[74,151210,2941],{"class":88},[74,151212,8955],{"class":92},[74,151214,2946],{"class":88},[74,151216,260],{"class":106},[60,151218,151220],{"id":151219},"what-happens-with-dictionaries","What happens with dictionaries",[20,151222,151223],{},"This is a common beginner surprise.",[20,151225,151226,151229],{},[15,151227,151228],{},"tuple(my_dict)"," returns a tuple of dictionary keys, not key-value pairs.",[65,151231,151233],{"className":67,"code":151232,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(tuple(person))\nprint(tuple(person.items()))\n",[15,151234,151235,151271,151275,151289],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,151236,151237,151239,151241,151243,151245,151247,151249,151251,151253,151255,151257,151259,151261,151263,151265,151267,151269],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,151238,12861],{"class":80},[74,151240,85],{"class":84},[74,151242,10148],{"class":106},[74,151244,122],{"class":88},[74,151246,7323],{"class":92},[74,151248,122],{"class":88},[74,151250,679],{"class":106},[74,151252,89],{"class":88},[74,151254,12539],{"class":92},[74,151256,122],{"class":88},[74,151258,249],{"class":106},[74,151260,89],{"class":88},[74,151262,8955],{"class":92},[74,151264,122],{"class":88},[74,151266,679],{"class":106},[74,151268,8962],{"class":167},[74,151270,8965],{"class":106},[74,151272,151273],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,151274,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,151276,151277,151279,151281,151283,151285,151287],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,151278,103],{"class":102},[74,151280,107],{"class":106},[74,151282,48605],{"class":1345},[74,151284,107],{"class":106},[74,151286,16965],{"class":110},[74,151288,130],{"class":106},[74,151290,151291,151293,151295,151297,151299,151301,151303,151305],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,151292,103],{"class":102},[74,151294,107],{"class":106},[74,151296,48605],{"class":1345},[74,151298,107],{"class":106},[74,151300,16965],{"class":110},[74,151302,114],{"class":106},[74,151304,7466],{"class":110},[74,151306,5942],{"class":106},[20,151308,157],{},[65,151310,151312],{"className":67,"code":151311,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"('name', 'age')\n(('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25))\n",[15,151313,151314,151334],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,151315,151316,151318,151320,151322,151324,151326,151328,151330,151332],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,151317,107],{"class":106},[74,151319,2946],{"class":88},[74,151321,7323],{"class":92},[74,151323,2946],{"class":88},[74,151325,249],{"class":106},[74,151327,2941],{"class":88},[74,151329,8955],{"class":92},[74,151331,2946],{"class":88},[74,151333,260],{"class":106},[74,151335,151336,151338,151340,151342,151344,151346,151348,151350,151352,151354,151356,151358,151360,151362,151364,151366],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,151337,5161],{"class":106},[74,151339,2946],{"class":88},[74,151341,7323],{"class":92},[74,151343,2946],{"class":88},[74,151345,249],{"class":106},[74,151347,2941],{"class":88},[74,151349,12539],{"class":92},[74,151351,2946],{"class":88},[74,151353,8889],{"class":106},[74,151355,8892],{"class":106},[74,151357,2946],{"class":88},[74,151359,8955],{"class":92},[74,151361,2946],{"class":88},[74,151363,249],{"class":106},[74,151365,8962],{"class":167},[74,151367,130],{"class":106},[20,151369,18349],{},[30,151371,151372,151377],{},[33,151373,151374,151376],{},[15,151375,151228],{}," for keys",[33,151378,151379,32214],{},[15,151380,151381],{},"tuple(my_dict.items())",[20,151383,151384,151385,114],{},"This happens because iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default. You can learn more in the ",[125,151386,63197],{"href":63196},[60,151388,151390],{"id":151389},"when-to-use-tuple","When to use tuple()",[20,151392,151393,17973],{},[15,151394,37702],{},[30,151396,151397,151400,151403,151406],{},[33,151398,151399],{},"you need an immutable sequence",[33,151401,151402],{},"you want to convert a list into a tuple",[33,151404,151405],{},"you want to store a fixed group of values",[33,151407,151408],{},"you have data that should not be changed later",[20,151410,506],{},[65,151412,151414],{"className":67,"code":151413,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"coordinates = tuple([4, 7])\nprint(coordinates)\n",[15,151415,151416,151435],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,151417,151418,151421,151423,151425,151427,151429,151431,151433],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,151419,151420],{"class":80},"coordinates ",[74,151422,85],{"class":84},[74,151424,148821],{"class":1345},[74,151426,2629],{"class":106},[74,151428,2148],{"class":167},[74,151430,249],{"class":106},[74,151432,5645],{"class":167},[74,151434,751],{"class":106},[74,151436,151437,151439,151441,151444],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,151438,103],{"class":102},[74,151440,107],{"class":106},[74,151442,151443],{"class":110},"coordinates",[74,151445,260],{"class":106},[20,151447,157],{},[65,151449,151451],{"className":67,"code":151450,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"(4, 7)\n",[15,151452,151453],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,151454,151455,151457,151459,151461,151463],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,151456,107],{"class":106},[74,151458,2148],{"class":167},[74,151460,249],{"class":106},[74,151462,5645],{"class":167},[74,151464,260],{"class":106},[20,151466,151467],{},"Tuples are often used for values like:",[30,151469,151470,151472,151475,151478],{},[33,151471,151443],{},[33,151473,151474],{},"RGB colors",[33,151476,151477],{},"dates",[33,151479,151480],{},"settings that should stay fixed",[60,151482,151484],{"id":151483},"when-not-to-use-tuple","When not to use tuple()",[20,151486,44083,151487,10259],{},[15,151488,37702],{},[30,151490,151491,151494,151497],{},[33,151492,151493],{},"you need to add, remove, or update items later",[33,151495,151496],{},"a list would be easier to work with",[33,151498,151499],{},"you are passing a non-iterable value",[20,151501,116115,151502,151504],{},[332,151503,334],{}," work:",[65,151506,151508],{"className":67,"code":151507,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"tuple(5)\n",[15,151509,151510],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,151511,151512,151514,151516,151518],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,151513,48605],{"class":1345},[74,151515,107],{"class":106},[74,151517,711],{"class":167},[74,151519,260],{"class":106},[20,151521,151522],{},"An integer is not iterable, so Python raises an error.",[20,151524,151525],{},"If you need a flexible sequence, use a list instead of a tuple.",[60,151527,114953],{"id":114952},[20,151529,151530],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into.",[262,151532,151534],{"id":151533},"passing-a-non-iterable-value","Passing a non-iterable value",[20,151536,2480],{},[65,151538,151539],{"className":67,"code":151507,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,151540,151541],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,151542,151543,151545,151547,151549],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,151544,48605],{"class":1345},[74,151546,107],{"class":106},[74,151548,711],{"class":167},[74,151550,260],{"class":106},[20,151552,29336],{},[65,151554,151555],{"className":67,"code":63301,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,151556,151557],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,151558,151559,151561,151563,151565,151567,151569,151571,151573,151575],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,151560,2649],{"class":1345},[74,151562,679],{"class":106},[74,151564,2941],{"class":88},[74,151566,1831],{"class":92},[74,151568,2946],{"class":88},[74,151570,24273],{"class":1345},[74,151572,7754],{"class":84},[74,151574,7757],{"class":84},[74,151576,63324],{"class":80},[20,151578,151579,151580,114],{},"If you see this, read ",[125,151581,61938],{"href":52252},[262,151583,151585],{"id":151584},"expecting-one-whole-string-item","Expecting one whole string item",[20,151587,151588],{},"This code:",[65,151590,151592],{"className":67,"code":151591,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"tuple(\"hello\")\n",[15,151593,151594],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,151595,151596,151598,151600,151602,151604,151606],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,151597,48605],{"class":1345},[74,151599,107],{"class":106},[74,151601,122],{"class":88},[74,151603,3497],{"class":92},[74,151605,122],{"class":88},[74,151607,260],{"class":106},[20,151609,151610],{},"returns:",[65,151612,151614],{"className":67,"code":151613,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"('h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o')\n",[15,151615,151616],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,151617,151618,151620,151622,151624,151626,151628,151630,151632,151634,151636,151638,151640,151642,151644,151646,151648,151650,151652,151654,151656,151658],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,151619,107],{"class":106},[74,151621,2946],{"class":88},[74,151623,60086],{"class":92},[74,151625,2946],{"class":88},[74,151627,249],{"class":106},[74,151629,2941],{"class":88},[74,151631,60095],{"class":92},[74,151633,2946],{"class":88},[74,151635,249],{"class":106},[74,151637,2941],{"class":88},[74,151639,60104],{"class":92},[74,151641,2946],{"class":88},[74,151643,249],{"class":106},[74,151645,2941],{"class":88},[74,151647,60104],{"class":92},[74,151649,2946],{"class":88},[74,151651,249],{"class":106},[74,151653,2941],{"class":88},[74,151655,60121],{"class":92},[74,151657,2946],{"class":88},[74,151659,260],{"class":106},[20,151661,330,151662,151664],{},[332,151663,334],{}," return:",[65,151666,151668],{"className":67,"code":151667,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"('hello',)\n",[15,151669,151670],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,151671,151672,151674,151676,151678,151680],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,151673,107],{"class":106},[74,151675,2946],{"class":88},[74,151677,3497],{"class":92},[74,151679,2946],{"class":88},[74,151681,148811],{"class":106},[20,151683,151684],{},"If you want a one-item tuple, write:",[65,151686,151688],{"className":67,"code":151687,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"single = (\"hello\",)\nprint(single)\n",[15,151689,151690,151707],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,151691,151692,151695,151697,151699,151701,151703,151705],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,151693,151694],{"class":80},"single ",[74,151696,85],{"class":84},[74,151698,8892],{"class":106},[74,151700,122],{"class":88},[74,151702,3497],{"class":92},[74,151704,122],{"class":88},[74,151706,148811],{"class":106},[74,151708,151709,151711,151713,151716],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,151710,103],{"class":102},[74,151712,107],{"class":106},[74,151714,151715],{"class":110},"single",[74,151717,260],{"class":106},[262,151719,151721],{"id":151720},"expecting-dictionary-values-too","Expecting dictionary values too",[20,151723,151588],{},[65,151725,151727],{"className":67,"code":151726,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(tuple(data))\n",[15,151728,151729,151761],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,151730,151731,151733,151735,151737,151739,151741,151743,151745,151747,151749,151751,151753,151755,151757,151759],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,151732,8821],{"class":80},[74,151734,85],{"class":84},[74,151736,10148],{"class":106},[74,151738,122],{"class":88},[74,151740,125],{"class":92},[74,151742,122],{"class":88},[74,151744,679],{"class":106},[74,151746,5148],{"class":167},[74,151748,249],{"class":106},[74,151750,89],{"class":88},[74,151752,4412],{"class":92},[74,151754,122],{"class":88},[74,151756,679],{"class":106},[74,151758,620],{"class":167},[74,151760,8965],{"class":106},[74,151762,151763,151765,151767,151769,151771,151773],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,151764,103],{"class":102},[74,151766,107],{"class":106},[74,151768,48605],{"class":1345},[74,151770,107],{"class":106},[74,151772,8860],{"class":110},[74,151774,130],{"class":106},[20,151776,151777],{},"returns only the keys:",[65,151779,151781],{"className":67,"code":151780,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"('a', 'b')\n",[15,151782,151783],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,151784,151785,151787,151789,151791,151793,151795,151797,151799,151801],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,151786,107],{"class":106},[74,151788,2946],{"class":88},[74,151790,125],{"class":92},[74,151792,2946],{"class":88},[74,151794,249],{"class":106},[74,151796,2941],{"class":88},[74,151798,4412],{"class":92},[74,151800,2946],{"class":88},[74,151802,260],{"class":106},[20,151804,151805],{},"To get key-value pairs, use:",[65,151807,151809],{"className":67,"code":151808,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(tuple(data.items()))\n",[15,151810,151811],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,151812,151813,151815,151817,151819,151821,151823,151825,151827],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,151814,103],{"class":102},[74,151816,107],{"class":106},[74,151818,48605],{"class":1345},[74,151820,107],{"class":106},[74,151822,8860],{"class":110},[74,151824,114],{"class":106},[74,151826,7466],{"class":110},[74,151828,5942],{"class":106},[262,151830,151832],{"id":151831},"thinking-parentheses-always-convert-to-a-tuple","Thinking parentheses always convert to a tuple",[20,151834,151835,151836,151838],{},"Parentheses can create tuples in many cases, but they do not behave the same as ",[15,151837,37702],{}," conversion.",[20,151840,5122],{},[65,151842,151844],{"className":67,"code":151843,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"value = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(value)\n",[15,151845,151846,151866],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,151847,151848,151850,151852,151854,151856,151858,151860,151862,151864],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,151849,2089],{"class":80},[74,151851,85],{"class":84},[74,151853,8892],{"class":106},[74,151855,2632],{"class":167},[74,151857,249],{"class":106},[74,151859,620],{"class":167},[74,151861,249],{"class":106},[74,151863,2094],{"class":167},[74,151865,260],{"class":106},[74,151867,151868,151870,151872,151874],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,151869,103],{"class":102},[74,151871,107],{"class":106},[74,151873,246],{"class":110},[74,151875,260],{"class":106},[20,151877,151878],{},"This creates a tuple directly.",[20,151880,25162,151881,151883],{},[15,151882,37702],{}," is specifically used to create an empty tuple or convert an iterable into a tuple.",[60,151885,1471],{"id":1470},[262,151887,151889],{"id":151888},"what-does-tuple-do-in-python","What does tuple() do in Python?",[20,151891,151892],{},"It creates a tuple. With an iterable argument, it converts that iterable into a tuple.",[262,151894,151896],{"id":151895},"what-does-tuple-return-with-no-argument","What does tuple() return with no argument?",[20,151898,151899,151900,114],{},"It returns an empty tuple: ",[15,151901,7020],{},[262,151903,151905],{"id":151904},"can-tuple-convert-a-string","Can tuple() convert a string?",[20,151907,151908],{},"Yes. Each character becomes a separate item in the tuple.",[262,151910,151912],{"id":151911},"why-does-tuplemy_dict-only-return-keys","Why does tuple(my_dict) only return keys?",[20,151914,151915],{},"Iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default.",[262,151917,151919],{"id":151918},"can-i-use-tuple-on-an-integer","Can I use tuple() on an integer?",[20,151921,151922,151923,114],{},"No. An integer is not iterable, so Python raises a ",[15,151924,2649],{},[60,151926,1527],{"id":1526},[30,151928,151929,151933,151937,151941,151945,151949],{},[33,151930,151931],{},[125,151932,147455],{"href":147454},[33,151934,151935],{},[125,151936,150382],{"href":148758},[33,151938,151939],{},[125,151940,104688],{"href":59703},[33,151942,151943],{},[125,151944,151111],{"href":151110},[33,151946,151947],{},[125,151948,63197],{"href":63196},[33,151950,151951],{},[125,151952,61938],{"href":52252},[1566,151954,151955],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":70,"searchDepth":99,"depth":99,"links":151957},[151958,151959,151960,151961,151962,151969,151970,151971,151972,151978,151985],{"id":62,"depth":99,"text":63},{"id":150585,"depth":99,"text":150586},{"id":226,"depth":99,"text":227},{"id":149131,"depth":99,"text":149132},{"id":150754,"depth":99,"text":150755,"children":151963},[151964,151965,151966,151967,151968],{"id":150758,"depth":133,"text":150759},{"id":150846,"depth":133,"text":150847},{"id":150945,"depth":133,"text":150946},{"id":151025,"depth":133,"text":151026},{"id":151114,"depth":133,"text":151115},{"id":151219,"depth":99,"text":151220},{"id":151389,"depth":99,"text":151390},{"id":151483,"depth":99,"text":151484},{"id":114952,"depth":99,"text":114953,"children":151973},[151974,151975,151976,151977],{"id":151533,"depth":133,"text":151534},{"id":151584,"depth":133,"text":151585},{"id":151720,"depth":133,"text":151721},{"id":151831,"depth":133,"text":151832},{"id":1470,"depth":99,"text":1471,"children":151979},[151980,151981,151982,151983,151984],{"id":151888,"depth":133,"text":151889},{"id":151895,"depth":133,"text":151896},{"id":151904,"depth":133,"text":151905},{"id":151911,"depth":133,"text":151912},{"id":151918,"depth":133,"text":151919},{"id":1526,"depth":99,"text":1527},"Master python tuple function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained",{"title":150440,"description":151986},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained","pFeq5hNHdIKuIzk8wtloZhtsgtV1EfCv8EepPUEVHYk",{"id":151993,"title":151994,"body":151995,"description":153408,"extension":1610,"meta":153409,"navigation":407,"path":153410,"seo":153411,"stem":153412,"__hash__":153413},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method.md","Python Tuple index() Method",{"type":7,"value":151996,"toc":153380},[151997,152002,152007,152010,152012,152091,152097,152102,152106,152121,152123,152170,152172,152180,152188,152194,152196,152201,152221,152224,152251,152253,152277,152279,152421,152423,152427,152435,152438,152440,152517,152519,152527,152531,152535,152545,152555,152557,152562,152564,152623,152628,152630,152730,152732,152746,152751,152757,152764,152767,152769,152879,152883,152900,152902,152965,152967,152975,152987,152991,152996,153024,153027,153109,153111,153122,153124,153128,153155,153157,153159,153239,153247,153249,153304,153306,153311,153314,153318,153322,153324,153328,153332,153340,153347,153350,153352,153377],[10,151998,147339,152000,18],{"id":151999},"python-tuple-index-method",[15,152001,1132],{},[20,152003,152004,152006],{},[15,152005,148660],{}," finds the position of a value inside a tuple.",[20,152008,152009],{},"It is useful when you know the value you want to search for and need its index. This method returns the first matching position and raises an error if the value is not found.",[60,152011,63],{"id":62},[65,152013,152015],{"className":67,"code":152014,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nposition = colors.index(\"blue\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,152016,152017,152057,152079],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,152018,152019,152021,152023,152025,152027,152029,152031,152033,152035,152037,152039,152041,152043,152045,152047,152049,152051,152053,152055],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,152020,12732],{"class":80},[74,152022,85],{"class":84},[74,152024,8892],{"class":106},[74,152026,122],{"class":88},[74,152028,12749],{"class":92},[74,152030,122],{"class":88},[74,152032,249],{"class":106},[74,152034,89],{"class":88},[74,152036,12766],{"class":92},[74,152038,122],{"class":88},[74,152040,249],{"class":106},[74,152042,89],{"class":88},[74,152044,17110],{"class":92},[74,152046,122],{"class":88},[74,152048,249],{"class":106},[74,152050,89],{"class":88},[74,152052,12766],{"class":92},[74,152054,122],{"class":88},[74,152056,260],{"class":106},[74,152058,152059,152061,152063,152065,152067,152069,152071,152073,152075,152077],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,152060,64565],{"class":80},[74,152062,85],{"class":84},[74,152064,12780],{"class":80},[74,152066,114],{"class":106},[74,152068,35503],{"class":110},[74,152070,107],{"class":106},[74,152072,122],{"class":88},[74,152074,12766],{"class":92},[74,152076,122],{"class":88},[74,152078,260],{"class":106},[74,152080,152081,152083,152085,152087,152089],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,152082,103],{"class":102},[74,152084,107],{"class":106},[74,152086,1150],{"class":110},[74,152088,3311],{"class":106},[74,152090,27434],{"class":3314},[20,152092,152093,152096],{},[15,152094,152095],{},"tuple.index(value)"," returns the position of the first matching item.",[60,152098,3328,152100,38],{"id":152099},"what-tupleindex-does",[15,152101,148660],{},[20,152103,1627,152104,11071],{},[15,152105,1132],{},[30,152107,152108,152111,152113,152116],{},[33,152109,152110],{},"Finds the position of a value inside a tuple",[33,152112,127937],{},[33,152114,152115],{},"Works only if the value exists in the tuple",[33,152117,152118,152119],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at index ",[15,152120,327],{},[20,152122,506],{},[65,152124,152126],{"className":67,"code":152125,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 20)\nprint(numbers.index(20))\n",[15,152127,152128,152152],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,152129,152130,152132,152134,152136,152138,152140,152142,152144,152146,152148,152150],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,152131,3266],{"class":80},[74,152133,85],{"class":84},[74,152135,8892],{"class":106},[74,152137,1972],{"class":167},[74,152139,249],{"class":106},[74,152141,7446],{"class":167},[74,152143,249],{"class":106},[74,152145,7451],{"class":167},[74,152147,249],{"class":106},[74,152149,7446],{"class":167},[74,152151,260],{"class":106},[74,152153,152154,152156,152158,152160,152162,152164,152166,152168],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,152155,103],{"class":102},[74,152157,107],{"class":106},[74,152159,3298],{"class":110},[74,152161,114],{"class":106},[74,152163,35503],{"class":110},[74,152165,107],{"class":106},[74,152167,15412],{"class":167},[74,152169,130],{"class":106},[20,152171,157],{},[65,152173,152174],{"className":67,"code":669,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,152175,152176],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,152177,152178],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,152179,669],{"class":167},[20,152181,20633,152182,152184,152185,152187],{},[15,152183,15412],{}," appears twice, ",[15,152186,1132],{}," returns only the first match.",[20,152189,150606,152190,114],{},[125,152191,152193],{"href":152192},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python","what a tuple is in Python",[60,152195,227],{"id":226},[20,152197,7418,152198,152200],{},[15,152199,1132],{}," in two ways:",[65,152202,152204],{"className":67,"code":152203,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"tuple_name.index(value)\n",[15,152205,152206],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,152207,152208,152211,152213,152215,152217,152219],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,152209,152210],{"class":80},"tuple_name",[74,152212,114],{"class":106},[74,152214,35503],{"class":110},[74,152216,107],{"class":106},[74,152218,246],{"class":110},[74,152220,260],{"class":106},[20,152222,152223],{},"or:",[65,152225,152227],{"className":67,"code":152226,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"tuple_name.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,152228,152229],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,152230,152231,152233,152235,152237,152239,152241,152243,152245,152247,152249],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,152232,152210],{"class":80},[74,152234,114],{"class":106},[74,152236,35503],{"class":110},[74,152238,107],{"class":106},[74,152240,246],{"class":110},[74,152242,249],{"class":106},[74,152244,252],{"class":110},[74,152246,249],{"class":106},[74,152248,257],{"class":110},[74,152250,260],{"class":106},[262,152252,265],{"id":264},[30,152254,152255,152260,152265,152270],{},[33,152256,152257,152259],{},[15,152258,246],{}," — the item to search for",[33,152261,152262,152264],{},[15,152263,50],{}," — optional starting position",[33,152266,152267,152269],{},[15,152268,54],{}," — optional ending position",[33,152271,152272,4435,152274,152276],{},[15,152273,54],{},[332,152275,64713],{}," in the search",[20,152278,506],{},[65,152280,152282],{"className":67,"code":152281,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\")\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # 1\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # 3\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 3))  # 1\n",[15,152283,152284,152332,152336,152361,152389],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,152285,152286,152288,152290,152292,152294,152296,152298,152300,152302,152304,152306,152308,152310,152312,152314,152316,152318,152320,152322,152324,152326,152328,152330],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,152287,35746],{"class":80},[74,152289,85],{"class":84},[74,152291,8892],{"class":106},[74,152293,122],{"class":88},[74,152295,125],{"class":92},[74,152297,122],{"class":88},[74,152299,249],{"class":106},[74,152301,89],{"class":88},[74,152303,4412],{"class":92},[74,152305,122],{"class":88},[74,152307,249],{"class":106},[74,152309,89],{"class":88},[74,152311,9396],{"class":92},[74,152313,122],{"class":88},[74,152315,249],{"class":106},[74,152317,89],{"class":88},[74,152319,4412],{"class":92},[74,152321,122],{"class":88},[74,152323,249],{"class":106},[74,152325,89],{"class":88},[74,152327,18422],{"class":92},[74,152329,122],{"class":88},[74,152331,260],{"class":106},[74,152333,152334],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,152335,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,152337,152338,152340,152342,152344,152346,152348,152350,152352,152354,152356,152358],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,152339,103],{"class":102},[74,152341,107],{"class":106},[74,152343,35799],{"class":110},[74,152345,114],{"class":106},[74,152347,35503],{"class":110},[74,152349,107],{"class":106},[74,152351,122],{"class":88},[74,152353,4412],{"class":92},[74,152355,122],{"class":88},[74,152357,5011],{"class":106},[74,152359,152360],{"class":3314},"        # 1\n",[74,152362,152363,152365,152367,152369,152371,152373,152375,152377,152379,152381,152383,152385,152387],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,152364,103],{"class":102},[74,152366,107],{"class":106},[74,152368,35799],{"class":110},[74,152370,114],{"class":106},[74,152372,35503],{"class":110},[74,152374,107],{"class":106},[74,152376,122],{"class":88},[74,152378,4412],{"class":92},[74,152380,122],{"class":88},[74,152382,249],{"class":106},[74,152384,620],{"class":167},[74,152386,5011],{"class":106},[74,152388,50570],{"class":3314},[74,152390,152391,152393,152395,152397,152399,152401,152403,152405,152407,152409,152411,152413,152415,152417,152419],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,152392,103],{"class":102},[74,152394,107],{"class":106},[74,152396,35799],{"class":110},[74,152398,114],{"class":106},[74,152400,35503],{"class":110},[74,152402,107],{"class":106},[74,152404,122],{"class":88},[74,152406,4412],{"class":92},[74,152408,122],{"class":88},[74,152410,249],{"class":106},[74,152412,5148],{"class":167},[74,152414,249],{"class":106},[74,152416,2094],{"class":167},[74,152418,5011],{"class":106},[74,152420,27434],{"class":3314},[60,152422,103015],{"id":103014},[20,152424,152425,25165],{},[15,152426,148660],{},[30,152428,152429,152432],{},[33,152430,152431],{},"An integer",[33,152433,152434],{},"The position of the first matching item",[20,152436,152437],{},"If the value appears more than once, later matches are ignored.",[20,152439,506],{},[65,152441,152443],{"className":67,"code":152442,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"animals = (\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\", \"dog\")\nresult = animals.index(\"dog\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,152444,152445,152485,152507],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,152446,152447,152449,152451,152453,152455,152457,152459,152461,152463,152465,152467,152469,152471,152473,152475,152477,152479,152481,152483],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,152448,108114],{"class":80},[74,152450,85],{"class":84},[74,152452,8892],{"class":106},[74,152454,122],{"class":88},[74,152456,486],{"class":92},[74,152458,122],{"class":88},[74,152460,249],{"class":106},[74,152462,89],{"class":88},[74,152464,57778],{"class":92},[74,152466,122],{"class":88},[74,152468,249],{"class":106},[74,152470,89],{"class":88},[74,152472,57795],{"class":92},[74,152474,122],{"class":88},[74,152476,249],{"class":106},[74,152478,89],{"class":88},[74,152480,57778],{"class":92},[74,152482,122],{"class":88},[74,152484,260],{"class":106},[74,152486,152487,152489,152491,152493,152495,152497,152499,152501,152503,152505],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,152488,383],{"class":80},[74,152490,85],{"class":84},[74,152492,108157],{"class":80},[74,152494,114],{"class":106},[74,152496,35503],{"class":110},[74,152498,107],{"class":106},[74,152500,122],{"class":88},[74,152502,57778],{"class":92},[74,152504,122],{"class":88},[74,152506,260],{"class":106},[74,152508,152509,152511,152513,152515],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,152510,103],{"class":102},[74,152512,107],{"class":106},[74,152514,418],{"class":110},[74,152516,260],{"class":106},[20,152518,157],{},[65,152520,152521],{"className":67,"code":669,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,152522,152523],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,152524,152525],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,152526,669],{"class":167},[60,152528,152530],{"id":152529},"when-to-use-it","When to use it",[20,152532,176,152533,10259],{},[15,152534,148660],{},[30,152536,152537,152539,152542],{},[33,152538,65740],{},[33,152540,152541],{},"You want to find where an item first appears",[33,152543,152544],{},"You are working with a small fixed collection stored as a tuple",[20,152546,152547,152548,152551,152552,114],{},"If you already know the position, use normal tuple indexing instead, such as ",[15,152549,152550],{},"my_tuple[0]",". For a full explanation, see ",[125,152553,149128],{"href":152554},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained",[60,152556,65272],{"id":65271},[20,152558,152559,152560,114],{},"If the value is not in the tuple, Python raises a ",[15,152561,40361],{},[20,152563,506],{},[65,152565,152567],{"className":67,"code":152566,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\n",[15,152568,152569,152601],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,152570,152571,152573,152575,152577,152579,152581,152583,152585,152587,152589,152591,152593,152595,152597,152599],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,152572,12732],{"class":80},[74,152574,85],{"class":84},[74,152576,8892],{"class":106},[74,152578,122],{"class":88},[74,152580,12749],{"class":92},[74,152582,122],{"class":88},[74,152584,249],{"class":106},[74,152586,89],{"class":88},[74,152588,12766],{"class":92},[74,152590,122],{"class":88},[74,152592,249],{"class":106},[74,152594,89],{"class":88},[74,152596,17110],{"class":92},[74,152598,122],{"class":88},[74,152600,260],{"class":106},[74,152602,152603,152605,152607,152609,152611,152613,152615,152617,152619,152621],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,152604,103],{"class":102},[74,152606,107],{"class":106},[74,152608,17157],{"class":110},[74,152610,114],{"class":106},[74,152612,35503],{"class":110},[74,152614,107],{"class":106},[74,152616,122],{"class":88},[74,152618,22180],{"class":92},[74,152620,122],{"class":88},[74,152622,130],{"class":106},[20,152624,39310,152625,152627],{},[15,152626,109439],{}," is not in the tuple.",[20,152629,65347],{},[65,152631,152633],{"className":67,"code":152632,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\n\nif \"yellow\" in colors:\n    print(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,152634,152635,152667,152671,152687,152709,152715],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,152636,152637,152639,152641,152643,152645,152647,152649,152651,152653,152655,152657,152659,152661,152663,152665],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,152638,12732],{"class":80},[74,152640,85],{"class":84},[74,152642,8892],{"class":106},[74,152644,122],{"class":88},[74,152646,12749],{"class":92},[74,152648,122],{"class":88},[74,152650,249],{"class":106},[74,152652,89],{"class":88},[74,152654,12766],{"class":92},[74,152656,122],{"class":88},[74,152658,249],{"class":106},[74,152660,89],{"class":88},[74,152662,17110],{"class":92},[74,152664,122],{"class":88},[74,152666,260],{"class":106},[74,152668,152669],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,152670,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,152672,152673,152675,152677,152679,152681,152683,152685],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,152674,6651],{"class":3529},[74,152676,89],{"class":88},[74,152678,22180],{"class":92},[74,152680,122],{"class":88},[74,152682,20829],{"class":84},[74,152684,12780],{"class":80},[74,152686,6046],{"class":106},[74,152688,152689,152691,152693,152695,152697,152699,152701,152703,152705,152707],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,152690,7726],{"class":102},[74,152692,107],{"class":106},[74,152694,17157],{"class":110},[74,152696,114],{"class":106},[74,152698,35503],{"class":110},[74,152700,107],{"class":106},[74,152702,122],{"class":88},[74,152704,22180],{"class":92},[74,152706,122],{"class":88},[74,152708,130],{"class":106},[74,152710,152711,152713],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,152712,27088],{"class":3529},[74,152714,6046],{"class":106},[74,152716,152717,152719,152721,152723,152726,152728],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,152718,7726],{"class":102},[74,152720,107],{"class":106},[74,152722,122],{"class":88},[74,152724,152725],{"class":92},"Value not found",[74,152727,122],{"class":88},[74,152729,260],{"class":106},[20,152731,157],{},[65,152733,152735],{"className":67,"code":152734,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"Value not found\n",[15,152736,152737],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,152738,152739,152742,152744],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,152740,152741],{"class":80},"Value ",[74,152743,334],{"class":84},[74,152745,65471],{"class":80},[20,152747,152748,152749,114],{},"If you want to learn more about this kind of error, see ",[125,152750,65481],{"href":65480},[60,152752,571,152753,51,152755],{"id":570},[15,152754,50],{},[15,152756,54],{},[20,152758,1627,152759,51,152761,152763],{},[15,152760,50],{},[15,152762,54],{}," arguments let you search only part of a tuple.",[20,152765,152766],{},"This is helpful when the same value appears multiple times.",[20,152768,506],{},[65,152770,152772],{"className":67,"code":152771,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5))        # 0\nprint(values.index(5, 1))     # 2\nprint(values.index(5, 3, 5))  # 4\n",[15,152773,152774,152802,152806,152827,152851],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,152775,152776,152778,152780,152782,152784,152786,152788,152790,152792,152794,152796,152798,152800],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,152777,3474],{"class":80},[74,152779,85],{"class":84},[74,152781,8892],{"class":106},[74,152783,711],{"class":167},[74,152785,249],{"class":106},[74,152787,5656],{"class":167},[74,152789,249],{"class":106},[74,152791,651],{"class":167},[74,152793,249],{"class":106},[74,152795,7446],{"class":167},[74,152797,249],{"class":106},[74,152799,651],{"class":167},[74,152801,260],{"class":106},[74,152803,152804],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,152805,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,152807,152808,152810,152812,152814,152816,152818,152820,152822,152824],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,152809,103],{"class":102},[74,152811,107],{"class":106},[74,152813,5008],{"class":110},[74,152815,114],{"class":106},[74,152817,35503],{"class":110},[74,152819,107],{"class":106},[74,152821,711],{"class":167},[74,152823,5011],{"class":106},[74,152825,152826],{"class":3314},"        # 0\n",[74,152828,152829,152831,152833,152835,152837,152839,152841,152843,152845,152847,152849],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,152830,103],{"class":102},[74,152832,107],{"class":106},[74,152834,5008],{"class":110},[74,152836,114],{"class":106},[74,152838,35503],{"class":110},[74,152840,107],{"class":106},[74,152842,711],{"class":167},[74,152844,249],{"class":106},[74,152846,5148],{"class":167},[74,152848,5011],{"class":106},[74,152850,50604],{"class":3314},[74,152852,152853,152855,152857,152859,152861,152863,152865,152867,152869,152871,152873,152875,152877],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,152854,103],{"class":102},[74,152856,107],{"class":106},[74,152858,5008],{"class":110},[74,152860,114],{"class":106},[74,152862,35503],{"class":110},[74,152864,107],{"class":106},[74,152866,711],{"class":167},[74,152868,249],{"class":106},[74,152870,2094],{"class":167},[74,152872,249],{"class":106},[74,152874,651],{"class":167},[74,152876,5011],{"class":106},[74,152878,50587],{"class":3314},[262,152880,152882],{"id":152881},"how-it-works","How it works",[30,152884,152885,152890,152895],{},[33,152886,152887,152889],{},[15,152888,50],{}," tells Python where to begin searching",[33,152891,152892,152894],{},[15,152893,54],{}," tells Python where to stop searching",[33,152896,1627,152897,152899],{},[15,152898,54],{}," position itself is not included",[20,152901,506],{},[65,152903,152905],{"className":67,"code":152904,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5, 1, 4))\n",[15,152906,152907,152935,152939],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,152908,152909,152911,152913,152915,152917,152919,152921,152923,152925,152927,152929,152931,152933],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,152910,3474],{"class":80},[74,152912,85],{"class":84},[74,152914,8892],{"class":106},[74,152916,711],{"class":167},[74,152918,249],{"class":106},[74,152920,5656],{"class":167},[74,152922,249],{"class":106},[74,152924,651],{"class":167},[74,152926,249],{"class":106},[74,152928,7446],{"class":167},[74,152930,249],{"class":106},[74,152932,651],{"class":167},[74,152934,260],{"class":106},[74,152936,152937],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,152938,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,152940,152941,152943,152945,152947,152949,152951,152953,152955,152957,152959,152961,152963],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,152942,103],{"class":102},[74,152944,107],{"class":106},[74,152946,5008],{"class":110},[74,152948,114],{"class":106},[74,152950,35503],{"class":110},[74,152952,107],{"class":106},[74,152954,711],{"class":167},[74,152956,249],{"class":106},[74,152958,5148],{"class":167},[74,152960,249],{"class":106},[74,152962,2100],{"class":167},[74,152964,130],{"class":106},[20,152966,157],{},[65,152968,152969],{"className":67,"code":173,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,152970,152971],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,152972,152973],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,152974,173],{"class":167},[20,152976,152977,152978,220,152980,16730,152982,152984,152985,114],{},"Python searches positions ",[15,152979,2632],{},[15,152981,687],{},[15,152983,321],{},", but not ",[15,152986,2148],{},[60,152988,152990],{"id":152989},"beginner-tips","Beginner tips",[20,152992,152993,152994,679],{},"Keep these points in mind when using ",[15,152995,148660],{},[30,152997,152998,153006,153011,153018],{},[33,152999,153000,153001,153003,153004],{},"Do not confuse the ",[332,153002,246],{}," with the ",[332,153005,35503],{},[33,153007,153008,153009],{},"Remember that indexing starts at ",[15,153010,327],{},[33,153012,176,153013,153017],{},[125,153014,148686,153015,10399],{"href":148738},[15,153016,17],{}," if you need to know how many times a value appears",[33,153019,153020,153021,153023],{},"Use normal indexing like ",[15,153022,152550],{}," when you already know the position",[20,153025,153026],{},"Example of value vs index:",[65,153028,153030],{"className":67,"code":153029,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits.index(\"banana\"))  # 1\nprint(fruits[1])               # banana\n",[15,153031,153032,153064,153068,153092],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,153033,153034,153036,153038,153040,153042,153044,153046,153048,153050,153052,153054,153056,153058,153060,153062],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,153035,35895],{"class":80},[74,153037,85],{"class":84},[74,153039,8892],{"class":106},[74,153041,122],{"class":88},[74,153043,376],{"class":92},[74,153045,122],{"class":88},[74,153047,249],{"class":106},[74,153049,89],{"class":88},[74,153051,93],{"class":92},[74,153053,122],{"class":88},[74,153055,249],{"class":106},[74,153057,89],{"class":88},[74,153059,32878],{"class":92},[74,153061,122],{"class":88},[74,153063,260],{"class":106},[74,153065,153066],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,153067,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,153069,153070,153072,153074,153076,153078,153080,153082,153084,153086,153088,153090],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,153071,103],{"class":102},[74,153073,107],{"class":106},[74,153075,35947],{"class":110},[74,153077,114],{"class":106},[74,153079,35503],{"class":110},[74,153081,107],{"class":106},[74,153083,122],{"class":88},[74,153085,93],{"class":92},[74,153087,122],{"class":88},[74,153089,5011],{"class":106},[74,153091,27434],{"class":3314},[74,153093,153094,153096,153098,153100,153102,153104,153106],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,153095,103],{"class":102},[74,153097,107],{"class":106},[74,153099,35947],{"class":110},[74,153101,742],{"class":106},[74,153103,2632],{"class":167},[74,153105,20101],{"class":106},[74,153107,153108],{"class":3314},"               # banana\n",[20,153110,1821],{},[30,153112,153113,153117],{},[33,153114,153115,14904],{},[15,153116,219],{},[33,153118,153119,153121],{},[15,153120,2632],{}," is the index",[60,153123,914],{"id":913},[20,153125,105753,153126,679],{},[15,153127,148660],{},[30,153129,153130,153133,153138,153143,153150],{},[33,153131,153132],{},"Searching for a value that is not inside the tuple",[33,153134,923,153135,153137],{},[15,153136,1132],{}," to return all matching positions",[33,153139,153140,153141],{},"Forgetting that the first item is at index ",[15,153142,327],{},[33,153144,153145,153146,51,153148],{},"Using the wrong search range with ",[15,153147,50],{},[15,153149,54],{},[33,153151,1123,153152,153154],{},[15,153153,148660],{}," with similar methods on strings or lists",[262,153156,60358],{"id":60357},[20,153158,94016],{},[65,153160,153162],{"className":67,"code":153161,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(value in my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple.count(value))\nprint(my_tuple.index(value))\n",[15,153163,153164,153174,153188,153203,153221],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,153165,153166,153168,153170,153172],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,153167,103],{"class":102},[74,153169,107],{"class":106},[74,153171,147473],{"class":110},[74,153173,260],{"class":106},[74,153175,153176,153178,153180,153182,153184,153186],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,153177,103],{"class":102},[74,153179,107],{"class":106},[74,153181,10820],{"class":102},[74,153183,107],{"class":106},[74,153185,147473],{"class":110},[74,153187,130],{"class":106},[74,153189,153190,153192,153194,153196,153198,153201],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,153191,103],{"class":102},[74,153193,107],{"class":106},[74,153195,2089],{"class":110},[74,153197,351],{"class":3529},[74,153199,153200],{"class":110}," my_tuple",[74,153202,260],{"class":106},[74,153204,153205,153207,153209,153211,153213,153215,153217,153219],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,153206,103],{"class":102},[74,153208,107],{"class":106},[74,153210,147473],{"class":110},[74,153212,114],{"class":106},[74,153214,117],{"class":110},[74,153216,107],{"class":106},[74,153218,246],{"class":110},[74,153220,130],{"class":106},[74,153222,153223,153225,153227,153229,153231,153233,153235,153237],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,153224,103],{"class":102},[74,153226,107],{"class":106},[74,153228,147473],{"class":110},[74,153230,114],{"class":106},[74,153232,35503],{"class":110},[74,153234,107],{"class":106},[74,153236,246],{"class":110},[74,153238,130],{"class":106},[20,153240,153241,153242,84034,153244,153246],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will raise a ",[15,153243,40361],{},[15,153245,246],{}," is missing.",[20,153248,129090],{},[65,153250,153252],{"className":67,"code":153251,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"if value in my_tuple:\n    print(my_tuple.index(value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,153253,153254,153266,153284,153290],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,153255,153256,153258,153260,153262,153264],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,153257,6651],{"class":3529},[74,153259,21240],{"class":80},[74,153261,351],{"class":84},[74,153263,153200],{"class":80},[74,153265,6046],{"class":106},[74,153267,153268,153270,153272,153274,153276,153278,153280,153282],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,153269,7726],{"class":102},[74,153271,107],{"class":106},[74,153273,147473],{"class":110},[74,153275,114],{"class":106},[74,153277,35503],{"class":110},[74,153279,107],{"class":106},[74,153281,246],{"class":110},[74,153283,130],{"class":106},[74,153285,153286,153288],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,153287,27088],{"class":3529},[74,153289,6046],{"class":106},[74,153291,153292,153294,153296,153298,153300,153302],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,153293,7726],{"class":102},[74,153295,107],{"class":106},[74,153297,122],{"class":88},[74,153299,152725],{"class":92},[74,153301,122],{"class":88},[74,153303,260],{"class":106},[60,153305,1471],{"id":1470},[262,153307,1495,153309,12374],{"id":153308},"what-does-tupleindex-return",[15,153310,148660],{},[20,153312,153313],{},"It returns the index of the first matching value in the tuple.",[262,153315,153317],{"id":153316},"what-if-the-value-appears-more-than-once","What if the value appears more than once?",[20,153319,153320,152187],{},[15,153321,148660],{},[262,153323,148639],{"id":148638},[20,153325,76495,153326,114],{},[15,153327,40361],{},[262,153329,153331],{"id":153330},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-tuple","Can I search only part of a tuple?",[20,153333,153334,153335,51,153337,153339],{},"Yes. You can use ",[15,153336,50],{},[15,153338,54],{}," arguments to limit the search.",[262,153341,1485,153343,56858,153345,2135],{"id":153342},"is-tupleindex-the-same-as-listindex",[15,153344,148660],{},[15,153346,64511],{},[20,153348,153349],{},"They work in a very similar way, but one is for tuples and the other is for lists.",[60,153351,1527],{"id":1526},[30,153353,153354,153360,153364,153369,153373],{},[33,153355,153356],{},[125,153357,148686,153358,10399],{"href":148738},[15,153359,17],{},[33,153361,153362],{},[125,153363,149128],{"href":152554},[33,153365,153366],{},[125,153367,153368],{"href":150434},"Creating a tuple in Python",[33,153370,153371],{},[125,153372,65481],{"href":65480},[33,153374,153375],{},[125,153376,150382],{"href":152192},[1566,153378,153379],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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does",{"id":226,"depth":99,"text":227,"children":153386},[153387],{"id":264,"depth":133,"text":265},{"id":103014,"depth":99,"text":103015},{"id":152529,"depth":99,"text":152530},{"id":65271,"depth":99,"text":65272},{"id":570,"depth":99,"text":1581,"children":153392},[153393],{"id":152881,"depth":133,"text":152882},{"id":152989,"depth":99,"text":152990},{"id":913,"depth":99,"text":914,"children":153396},[153397],{"id":60357,"depth":133,"text":60358},{"id":1470,"depth":99,"text":1471,"children":153399},[153400,153402,153403,153404,153405],{"id":153308,"depth":133,"text":153401},"What does tuple.index() return?",{"id":153316,"depth":133,"text":153317},{"id":148638,"depth":133,"text":148639},{"id":153330,"depth":133,"text":153331},{"id":153342,"depth":133,"text":153406},"Is tuple.index() the same as list.index()?",{"id":1526,"depth":99,"text":1527},"Master python tuple index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method",{"title":151994,"description":153408},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method","hFeA-En5My_vANu8tP2TUrxcbB-PyXux8kIT29TBrmo",{"id":153415,"title":153416,"body":153417,"description":154812,"extension":1610,"meta":154813,"navigation":407,"path":152554,"seo":154814,"stem":154815,"__hash__":154816},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained.md","Python Tuple Indexing Explained",{"type":7,"value":153418,"toc":154794},[153419,153422,153425,153428,153442,153444,153447,153541,153551,153557,153561,153564,153567,153569,153587,153589,153660,153662,153679,153683,153687,153690,153707,153710,153725,153727,153818,153821,153825,153828,153845,153847,153942,153945,153948,153952,153955,154049,154051,154070,154073,154077,154080,154082,154137,154139,154174,154177,154191,154199,154292,154301,154305,154308,154315,154318,154365,154367,154375,154378,154429,154431,154448,154453,154457,154460,154463,154465,154516,154519,154574,154577,154580,154582,154585,154605,154607,154680,154683,154696,154698,154702,154707,154711,154716,154733,154737,154740,154757,154761,154764,154766,154791],[10,153420,153416],{"id":153421},"python-tuple-indexing-explained",[20,153423,153424],{},"Tuple indexing is how you access one item in a tuple by its position.",[20,153426,153427],{},"Use this when you want to read a specific value from a tuple. On this page, the focus is on:",[30,153429,153430,153433,153436,153439],{},[33,153431,153432],{},"positive indexes",[33,153434,153435],{},"negative indexes",[33,153437,153438],{},"common indexing mistakes",[33,153440,153441],{},"what happens when an index does not exist",[60,153443,3256],{"id":3255},[20,153445,153446],{},"Use square brackets with a number after the tuple name.",[65,153448,153450],{"className":67,"code":153449,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n\nprint(colors[0])   # red\nprint(colors[1])   # green\nprint(colors[-1])  # blue\n",[15,153451,153452,153484,153488,153505,153522],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,153453,153454,153456,153458,153460,153462,153464,153466,153468,153470,153472,153474,153476,153478,153480,153482],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,153455,12732],{"class":80},[74,153457,85],{"class":84},[74,153459,8892],{"class":106},[74,153461,122],{"class":88},[74,153463,12749],{"class":92},[74,153465,122],{"class":88},[74,153467,249],{"class":106},[74,153469,89],{"class":88},[74,153471,17110],{"class":92},[74,153473,122],{"class":88},[74,153475,249],{"class":106},[74,153477,89],{"class":88},[74,153479,12766],{"class":92},[74,153481,122],{"class":88},[74,153483,260],{"class":106},[74,153485,153486],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,153487,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,153489,153490,153492,153494,153496,153498,153500,153502],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,153491,103],{"class":102},[74,153493,107],{"class":106},[74,153495,17157],{"class":110},[74,153497,742],{"class":106},[74,153499,327],{"class":167},[74,153501,20101],{"class":106},[74,153503,153504],{"class":3314},"   # red\n",[74,153506,153507,153509,153511,153513,153515,153517,153519],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,153508,103],{"class":102},[74,153510,107],{"class":106},[74,153512,17157],{"class":110},[74,153514,742],{"class":106},[74,153516,2632],{"class":167},[74,153518,20101],{"class":106},[74,153520,153521],{"class":3314},"   # green\n",[74,153523,153524,153526,153528,153530,153532,153534,153536,153538],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,153525,103],{"class":102},[74,153527,107],{"class":106},[74,153529,17157],{"class":110},[74,153531,742],{"class":106},[74,153533,1669],{"class":84},[74,153535,2632],{"class":167},[74,153537,20101],{"class":106},[74,153539,153540],{"class":3314},"  # blue\n",[30,153542,153543,153548],{},[33,153544,131879,153545,153547],{},[15,153546,327],{}," is the first item.",[33,153549,153550],{},"Negative indexes count from the end.",[20,153552,153553,153554,114],{},"If you need help creating tuples first, see ",[125,153555,153556],{"href":147458},"how to create a tuple in Python",[60,153558,153560],{"id":153559},"what-tuple-indexing-means","What tuple indexing means",[20,153562,153563],{},"An index is the position of an item in a tuple.",[20,153565,153566],{},"Tuple indexing works because tuples are ordered. That means each item has a fixed position.",[20,153568,11117],{},[30,153570,153571,153574,153581,153584],{},[33,153572,153573],{},"An index tells Python which item you want",[33,153575,153576,153577,18618,153579],{},"Python starts counting at ",[15,153578,327],{},[15,153580,2632],{},[33,153582,153583],{},"Indexing reads one item at a time",[33,153585,153586],{},"The tuple itself does not change when you read from it",[20,153588,506],{},[65,153590,153592],{"className":67,"code":153591,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[0])\nprint(numbers[1])\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,153593,153594,153614,153618,153632,153646],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,153595,153596,153598,153600,153602,153604,153606,153608,153610,153612],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,153597,3266],{"class":80},[74,153599,85],{"class":84},[74,153601,8892],{"class":106},[74,153603,1972],{"class":167},[74,153605,249],{"class":106},[74,153607,7446],{"class":167},[74,153609,249],{"class":106},[74,153611,7451],{"class":167},[74,153613,260],{"class":106},[74,153615,153616],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,153617,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,153619,153620,153622,153624,153626,153628,153630],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,153621,103],{"class":102},[74,153623,107],{"class":106},[74,153625,3298],{"class":110},[74,153627,742],{"class":106},[74,153629,327],{"class":167},[74,153631,751],{"class":106},[74,153633,153634,153636,153638,153640,153642,153644],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,153635,103],{"class":102},[74,153637,107],{"class":106},[74,153639,3298],{"class":110},[74,153641,742],{"class":106},[74,153643,2632],{"class":167},[74,153645,751],{"class":106},[74,153647,153648,153650,153652,153654,153656,153658],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,153649,103],{"class":102},[74,153651,107],{"class":106},[74,153653,3298],{"class":110},[74,153655,742],{"class":106},[74,153657,687],{"class":167},[74,153659,751],{"class":106},[20,153661,157],{},[65,153663,153665],{"className":67,"code":153664,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"10\n20\n30\n",[15,153666,153667,153671,153675],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,153668,153669],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,153670,2018],{"class":167},[74,153672,153673],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,153674,70864],{"class":167},[74,153676,153677],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,153678,69481],{"class":167},[20,153680,59040,153681,114],{},[125,153682,147455],{"href":147454},[60,153684,153686],{"id":153685},"how-positive-indexes-work","How positive indexes work",[20,153688,153689],{},"Positive indexes count from the beginning of the tuple.",[30,153691,153692,153697,153702],{},[33,153693,153694,153696],{},[15,153695,327],{}," = first item",[33,153698,153699,153701],{},[15,153700,2632],{}," = second item",[33,153703,153704,153706],{},[15,153705,687],{}," = third item",[20,153708,153709],{},"Pattern:",[65,153711,153713],{"className":67,"code":153712,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"tuple_name[index]\n",[15,153714,153715],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,153716,153717,153719,153721,153723],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,153718,152210],{"class":80},[74,153720,742],{"class":106},[74,153722,35503],{"class":80},[74,153724,3284],{"class":106},[20,153726,506],{},[65,153728,153730],{"className":67,"code":153729,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[0])  # apple\nprint(fruits[1])  # banana\nprint(fruits[2])  # cherry\n",[15,153731,153732,153764,153768,153785,153801],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,153733,153734,153736,153738,153740,153742,153744,153746,153748,153750,153752,153754,153756,153758,153760,153762],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,153735,35895],{"class":80},[74,153737,85],{"class":84},[74,153739,8892],{"class":106},[74,153741,122],{"class":88},[74,153743,376],{"class":92},[74,153745,122],{"class":88},[74,153747,249],{"class":106},[74,153749,89],{"class":88},[74,153751,93],{"class":92},[74,153753,122],{"class":88},[74,153755,249],{"class":106},[74,153757,89],{"class":88},[74,153759,3747],{"class":92},[74,153761,122],{"class":88},[74,153763,260],{"class":106},[74,153765,153766],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,153767,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,153769,153770,153772,153774,153776,153778,153780,153782],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,153771,103],{"class":102},[74,153773,107],{"class":106},[74,153775,35947],{"class":110},[74,153777,742],{"class":106},[74,153779,327],{"class":167},[74,153781,20101],{"class":106},[74,153783,153784],{"class":3314},"  # apple\n",[74,153786,153787,153789,153791,153793,153795,153797,153799],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,153788,103],{"class":102},[74,153790,107],{"class":106},[74,153792,35947],{"class":110},[74,153794,742],{"class":106},[74,153796,2632],{"class":167},[74,153798,20101],{"class":106},[74,153800,51138],{"class":3314},[74,153802,153803,153805,153807,153809,153811,153813,153815],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,153804,103],{"class":102},[74,153806,107],{"class":106},[74,153808,35947],{"class":110},[74,153810,742],{"class":106},[74,153812,687],{"class":167},[74,153814,20101],{"class":106},[74,153816,153817],{"class":3314},"  # cherry\n",[20,153819,153820],{},"This is the most common way to access tuple items when you know the position from the start.",[60,153822,153824],{"id":153823},"how-negative-indexes-work","How negative indexes work",[20,153826,153827],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the tuple.",[30,153829,153830,153835,153840],{},[33,153831,153832,153834],{},[15,153833,65496],{}," = last item",[33,153836,153837,153839],{},[15,153838,95046],{}," = second-to-last item",[33,153841,153842,153844],{},[15,153843,47323],{}," = third-to-last item",[20,153846,506],{},[65,153848,153850],{"className":67,"code":153849,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[-1])  # cherry\nprint(fruits[-2])  # banana\nprint(fruits[-3])  # apple\n",[15,153851,153852,153884,153888,153906,153924],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,153853,153854,153856,153858,153860,153862,153864,153866,153868,153870,153872,153874,153876,153878,153880,153882],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,153855,35895],{"class":80},[74,153857,85],{"class":84},[74,153859,8892],{"class":106},[74,153861,122],{"class":88},[74,153863,376],{"class":92},[74,153865,122],{"class":88},[74,153867,249],{"class":106},[74,153869,89],{"class":88},[74,153871,93],{"class":92},[74,153873,122],{"class":88},[74,153875,249],{"class":106},[74,153877,89],{"class":88},[74,153879,3747],{"class":92},[74,153881,122],{"class":88},[74,153883,260],{"class":106},[74,153885,153886],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,153887,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,153889,153890,153892,153894,153896,153898,153900,153902,153904],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,153891,103],{"class":102},[74,153893,107],{"class":106},[74,153895,35947],{"class":110},[74,153897,742],{"class":106},[74,153899,1669],{"class":84},[74,153901,2632],{"class":167},[74,153903,20101],{"class":106},[74,153905,153817],{"class":3314},[74,153907,153908,153910,153912,153914,153916,153918,153920,153922],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,153909,103],{"class":102},[74,153911,107],{"class":106},[74,153913,35947],{"class":110},[74,153915,742],{"class":106},[74,153917,1669],{"class":84},[74,153919,687],{"class":167},[74,153921,20101],{"class":106},[74,153923,51138],{"class":3314},[74,153925,153926,153928,153930,153932,153934,153936,153938,153940],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,153927,103],{"class":102},[74,153929,107],{"class":106},[74,153931,35947],{"class":110},[74,153933,742],{"class":106},[74,153935,1669],{"class":84},[74,153937,321],{"class":167},[74,153939,20101],{"class":106},[74,153941,153784],{"class":3314},[20,153943,153944],{},"Negative indexing is useful when you need the last item but do not want to calculate its position manually.",[20,153946,153947],{},"This is especially helpful when the tuple size may change.",[60,153949,153951],{"id":153950},"example-with-a-simple-tuple","Example with a simple tuple",[20,153953,153954],{},"Here is a simple example that reads the first, middle, and last item from a tuple.",[65,153956,153958],{"className":67,"code":153957,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"names = (\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\")\n\nprint(names[0])   # first item\nprint(names[1])   # middle item\nprint(names[-1])  # last item\n",[15,153959,153960,153992,153996,154013,154030],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,153961,153962,153964,153966,153968,153970,153972,153974,153976,153978,153980,153982,153984,153986,153988,153990],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,153963,4646],{"class":80},[74,153965,85],{"class":84},[74,153967,8892],{"class":106},[74,153969,122],{"class":88},[74,153971,12539],{"class":92},[74,153973,122],{"class":88},[74,153975,249],{"class":106},[74,153977,89],{"class":88},[74,153979,35598],{"class":92},[74,153981,122],{"class":88},[74,153983,249],{"class":106},[74,153985,89],{"class":88},[74,153987,35607],{"class":92},[74,153989,122],{"class":88},[74,153991,260],{"class":106},[74,153993,153994],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,153995,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,153997,153998,154000,154002,154004,154006,154008,154010],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,153999,103],{"class":102},[74,154001,107],{"class":106},[74,154003,4690],{"class":110},[74,154005,742],{"class":106},[74,154007,327],{"class":167},[74,154009,20101],{"class":106},[74,154011,154012],{"class":3314},"   # first item\n",[74,154014,154015,154017,154019,154021,154023,154025,154027],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,154016,103],{"class":102},[74,154018,107],{"class":106},[74,154020,4690],{"class":110},[74,154022,742],{"class":106},[74,154024,2632],{"class":167},[74,154026,20101],{"class":106},[74,154028,154029],{"class":3314},"   # middle item\n",[74,154031,154032,154034,154036,154038,154040,154042,154044,154046],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,154033,103],{"class":102},[74,154035,107],{"class":106},[74,154037,4690],{"class":110},[74,154039,742],{"class":106},[74,154041,1669],{"class":84},[74,154043,2632],{"class":167},[74,154045,20101],{"class":106},[74,154047,154048],{"class":3314},"  # last item\n",[20,154050,157],{},[65,154052,154054],{"className":67,"code":154053,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"Ana\nBen\nCara\n",[15,154055,154056,154060,154065],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,154057,154058],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,154059,49692],{"class":80},[74,154061,154062],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,154063,154064],{"class":80},"Ben\n",[74,154066,154067],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,154068,154069],{"class":80},"Cara\n",[20,154071,154072],{},"Notice that indexing only reads values. It does not modify the tuple.",[60,154074,154076],{"id":154075},"indexerror-when-the-position-does-not-exist","IndexError when the position does not exist",[20,154078,154079],{},"If you try to access an index that is outside the tuple length, Python raises an error.",[20,154081,506],{},[65,154083,154085],{"className":67,"code":154084,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(letters[5])\n",[15,154086,154087,154119,154123],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,154088,154089,154091,154093,154095,154097,154099,154101,154103,154105,154107,154109,154111,154113,154115,154117],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,154090,35746],{"class":80},[74,154092,85],{"class":84},[74,154094,8892],{"class":106},[74,154096,122],{"class":88},[74,154098,125],{"class":92},[74,154100,122],{"class":88},[74,154102,249],{"class":106},[74,154104,89],{"class":88},[74,154106,4412],{"class":92},[74,154108,122],{"class":88},[74,154110,249],{"class":106},[74,154112,89],{"class":88},[74,154114,9396],{"class":92},[74,154116,122],{"class":88},[74,154118,260],{"class":106},[74,154120,154121],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,154122,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,154124,154125,154127,154129,154131,154133,154135],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,154126,103],{"class":102},[74,154128,107],{"class":106},[74,154130,35799],{"class":110},[74,154132,742],{"class":106},[74,154134,711],{"class":167},[74,154136,751],{"class":106},[20,154138,157],{},[65,154140,154142],{"className":67,"code":154141,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"Traceback (most recent call last):\n  ...\nIndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,154143,154144,154156,154161],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,154145,154146,154149,154151,154154],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,154147,154148],{"class":110},"Traceback ",[74,154150,107],{"class":106},[74,154152,154153],{"class":110},"most recent call last",[74,154155,8000],{"class":106},[74,154157,154158],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,154159,154160],{"class":34111},"  ...\n",[74,154162,154163,154165,154167,154169,154172],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,154164,70372],{"class":1345},[74,154166,679],{"class":106},[74,154168,148821],{"class":1345},[74,154170,154171],{"class":80}," index out of ",[74,154173,70564],{"class":102},[20,154175,154176],{},"This happens because the tuple has only 3 items, so valid positive indexes are:",[30,154178,154179,154183,154187],{},[33,154180,154181],{},[15,154182,327],{},[33,154184,154185],{},[15,154186,2632],{},[33,154188,154189],{},[15,154190,687],{},[20,154192,154193,154194,114],{},"One simple way to avoid this is to check the length first with ",[125,154195,154196,154198],{"href":148693},[15,154197,42016],{}," on a tuple",[65,154200,154202],{"className":67,"code":154201,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(len(letters))  # 3\n\nif len(letters) > 2:\n    print(letters[2])\n",[15,154203,154204,154236,154240,154256,154260,154278],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,154205,154206,154208,154210,154212,154214,154216,154218,154220,154222,154224,154226,154228,154230,154232,154234],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,154207,35746],{"class":80},[74,154209,85],{"class":84},[74,154211,8892],{"class":106},[74,154213,122],{"class":88},[74,154215,125],{"class":92},[74,154217,122],{"class":88},[74,154219,249],{"class":106},[74,154221,89],{"class":88},[74,154223,4412],{"class":92},[74,154225,122],{"class":88},[74,154227,249],{"class":106},[74,154229,89],{"class":88},[74,154231,9396],{"class":92},[74,154233,122],{"class":88},[74,154235,260],{"class":106},[74,154237,154238],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,154239,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,154241,154242,154244,154246,154248,154250,154252,154254],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,154243,103],{"class":102},[74,154245,107],{"class":106},[74,154247,10820],{"class":102},[74,154249,107],{"class":106},[74,154251,35799],{"class":110},[74,154253,5011],{"class":106},[74,154255,50422],{"class":3314},[74,154257,154258],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,154259,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,154261,154262,154264,154266,154268,154270,154272,154274,154276],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,154263,6651],{"class":3529},[74,154265,38042],{"class":102},[74,154267,107],{"class":106},[74,154269,35799],{"class":110},[74,154271,3311],{"class":106},[74,154273,38052],{"class":84},[74,154275,620],{"class":167},[74,154277,6046],{"class":106},[74,154279,154280,154282,154284,154286,154288,154290],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,154281,7726],{"class":102},[74,154283,107],{"class":106},[74,154285,35799],{"class":110},[74,154287,742],{"class":106},[74,154289,687],{"class":167},[74,154291,751],{"class":106},[20,154293,154294,154295,114],{},"If you are dealing with this error now, see ",[125,154296,25336,154298],{"href":154297},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix\u002F",[15,154299,154300],{},"IndexError: tuple index out of range",[60,154302,154304],{"id":154303},"tuple-indexing-vs-tuple-slicing","Tuple indexing vs tuple slicing",[20,154306,154307],{},"Indexing and slicing are related, but they are not the same.",[30,154309,154310,154312],{},[33,154311,76512],{},[33,154313,154314],{},"Slicing gets a range of items",[20,154316,154317],{},"Indexing example:",[65,154319,154321],{"className":67,"code":154320,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1])\n",[15,154322,154323,154347,154351],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,154324,154325,154327,154329,154331,154333,154335,154337,154339,154341,154343,154345],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,154326,3266],{"class":80},[74,154328,85],{"class":84},[74,154330,8892],{"class":106},[74,154332,1972],{"class":167},[74,154334,249],{"class":106},[74,154336,7446],{"class":167},[74,154338,249],{"class":106},[74,154340,7451],{"class":167},[74,154342,249],{"class":106},[74,154344,50495],{"class":167},[74,154346,260],{"class":106},[74,154348,154349],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,154350,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,154352,154353,154355,154357,154359,154361,154363],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,154354,103],{"class":102},[74,154356,107],{"class":106},[74,154358,3298],{"class":110},[74,154360,742],{"class":106},[74,154362,2632],{"class":167},[74,154364,751],{"class":106},[20,154366,157],{},[65,154368,154369],{"className":67,"code":70864,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,154370,154371],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,154372,154373],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,154374,70864],{"class":167},[20,154376,154377],{},"Slicing example:",[65,154379,154381],{"className":67,"code":154380,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,154382,154383,154407,154411],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,154384,154385,154387,154389,154391,154393,154395,154397,154399,154401,154403,154405],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,154386,3266],{"class":80},[74,154388,85],{"class":84},[74,154390,8892],{"class":106},[74,154392,1972],{"class":167},[74,154394,249],{"class":106},[74,154396,7446],{"class":167},[74,154398,249],{"class":106},[74,154400,7451],{"class":167},[74,154402,249],{"class":106},[74,154404,50495],{"class":167},[74,154406,260],{"class":106},[74,154408,154409],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,154410,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,154412,154413,154415,154417,154419,154421,154423,154425,154427],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,154414,103],{"class":102},[74,154416,107],{"class":106},[74,154418,3298],{"class":110},[74,154420,742],{"class":106},[74,154422,2632],{"class":167},[74,154424,679],{"class":106},[74,154426,321],{"class":167},[74,154428,751],{"class":106},[20,154430,157],{},[65,154432,154434],{"className":67,"code":154433,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"(20, 30)\n",[15,154435,154436],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,154437,154438,154440,154442,154444,154446],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,154439,107],{"class":106},[74,154441,15412],{"class":167},[74,154443,249],{"class":106},[74,154445,7451],{"class":167},[74,154447,260],{"class":106},[20,154449,154450,154451,114],{},"This page focuses on getting one item by position. If you want to get multiple items, see ",[125,154452,150372],{"href":150371},[60,154454,154456],{"id":154455},"important-beginner-note-about-tuples","Important beginner note about tuples",[20,154458,154459],{},"You can read tuple items by index, but you cannot change them by index.",[20,154461,154462],{},"Tuples are immutable. That means their values cannot be changed after creation.",[20,154464,6341],{},[65,154466,154468],{"className":67,"code":154467,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors[1])\n",[15,154469,154470,154502],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,154471,154472,154474,154476,154478,154480,154482,154484,154486,154488,154490,154492,154494,154496,154498,154500],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,154473,12732],{"class":80},[74,154475,85],{"class":84},[74,154477,8892],{"class":106},[74,154479,122],{"class":88},[74,154481,12749],{"class":92},[74,154483,122],{"class":88},[74,154485,249],{"class":106},[74,154487,89],{"class":88},[74,154489,17110],{"class":92},[74,154491,122],{"class":88},[74,154493,249],{"class":106},[74,154495,89],{"class":88},[74,154497,12766],{"class":92},[74,154499,122],{"class":88},[74,154501,260],{"class":106},[74,154503,154504,154506,154508,154510,154512,154514],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,154505,103],{"class":102},[74,154507,107],{"class":106},[74,154509,17157],{"class":110},[74,154511,742],{"class":106},[74,154513,2632],{"class":167},[74,154515,751],{"class":106},[20,154517,154518],{},"But this does not work:",[65,154520,154522],{"className":67,"code":154521,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\ncolors[1] = \"yellow\"\n",[15,154523,154524,154556],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,154525,154526,154528,154530,154532,154534,154536,154538,154540,154542,154544,154546,154548,154550,154552,154554],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,154527,12732],{"class":80},[74,154529,85],{"class":84},[74,154531,8892],{"class":106},[74,154533,122],{"class":88},[74,154535,12749],{"class":92},[74,154537,122],{"class":88},[74,154539,249],{"class":106},[74,154541,89],{"class":88},[74,154543,17110],{"class":92},[74,154545,122],{"class":88},[74,154547,249],{"class":106},[74,154549,89],{"class":88},[74,154551,12766],{"class":92},[74,154553,122],{"class":88},[74,154555,260],{"class":106},[74,154557,154558,154560,154562,154564,154566,154568,154570,154572],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,154559,17157],{"class":80},[74,154561,742],{"class":106},[74,154563,2632],{"class":167},[74,154565,12930],{"class":106},[74,154567,12933],{"class":84},[74,154569,89],{"class":88},[74,154571,22180],{"class":92},[74,154573,96],{"class":88},[20,154575,154576],{},"Python will raise an error because tuple items cannot be reassigned.",[20,154578,154579],{},"If you need a collection where items can be changed, use a list instead.",[60,154581,914],{"id":913},[20,154583,154584],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with tuple indexing:",[30,154586,154587,154593,154596,154599],{},[33,154588,132183,154589,10750,154591],{},[15,154590,2632],{},[15,154592,327],{},[33,154594,154595],{},"Using an index that is too large",[33,154597,154598],{},"Confusing negative indexes with subtraction",[33,154600,154601,154602],{},"Trying to assign a new value to ",[15,154603,154604],{},"tuple[index]",[20,154606,61942],{},[65,154608,154610],{"className":67,"code":154609,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(my_tuple[0])\nprint(my_tuple[-1])\nprint(type(my_tuple))\n",[15,154611,154612,154622,154636,154650,154666],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,154613,154614,154616,154618,154620],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,154615,103],{"class":102},[74,154617,107],{"class":106},[74,154619,147473],{"class":110},[74,154621,260],{"class":106},[74,154623,154624,154626,154628,154630,154632,154634],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,154625,103],{"class":102},[74,154627,107],{"class":106},[74,154629,10820],{"class":102},[74,154631,107],{"class":106},[74,154633,147473],{"class":110},[74,154635,130],{"class":106},[74,154637,154638,154640,154642,154644,154646,154648],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,154639,103],{"class":102},[74,154641,107],{"class":106},[74,154643,147473],{"class":110},[74,154645,742],{"class":106},[74,154647,327],{"class":167},[74,154649,751],{"class":106},[74,154651,154652,154654,154656,154658,154660,154662,154664],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,154653,103],{"class":102},[74,154655,107],{"class":106},[74,154657,147473],{"class":110},[74,154659,742],{"class":106},[74,154661,1669],{"class":84},[74,154663,2632],{"class":167},[74,154665,751],{"class":106},[74,154667,154668,154670,154672,154674,154676,154678],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,154669,103],{"class":102},[74,154671,107],{"class":106},[74,154673,1346],{"class":1345},[74,154675,107],{"class":106},[74,154677,147473],{"class":110},[74,154679,130],{"class":106},[20,154681,154682],{},"These can help you confirm:",[30,154684,154685,154688,154690,154693],{},[33,154686,154687],{},"what the tuple contains",[33,154689,60432],{},[33,154691,154692],{},"what the first and last items are",[33,154694,154695],{},"whether the variable is really a tuple",[60,154697,1471],{"id":1470},[262,154699,154701],{"id":154700},"does-tuple-indexing-start-at-0","Does tuple indexing start at 0?",[20,154703,154704,154705,114],{},"Yes. The first item is at index ",[15,154706,327],{},[262,154708,154710],{"id":154709},"how-do-i-get-the-last-item-in-a-tuple","How do I get the last item in a tuple?",[20,154712,176,154713,154715],{},[15,154714,65496],{}," as the index:",[65,154717,154719],{"className":67,"code":154718,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"my_tuple[-1]\n",[15,154720,154721],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,154722,154723,154725,154727,154729,154731],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,154724,147473],{"class":80},[74,154726,742],{"class":106},[74,154728,1669],{"class":84},[74,154730,2632],{"class":167},[74,154732,3284],{"class":106},[262,154734,154736],{"id":154735},"what-happens-if-i-use-an-invalid-index","What happens if I use an invalid index?",[20,154738,154739],{},"Python raises:",[65,154741,154743],{"className":67,"code":154742,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"IndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,154744,154745],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,154746,154747,154749,154751,154753,154755],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,154748,70372],{"class":1345},[74,154750,679],{"class":106},[74,154752,148821],{"class":1345},[74,154754,154171],{"class":80},[74,154756,70564],{"class":102},[262,154758,154760],{"id":154759},"can-i-change-a-tuple-item-using-its-index","Can I change a tuple item using its index?",[20,154762,154763],{},"No. Tuples are immutable, so indexed assignment is not allowed.",[60,154765,1527],{"id":1526},[30,154767,154768,154773,154777,154781,154787],{},[33,154769,154770],{},[125,154771,154772],{"href":147458},"How to create a tuple in Python",[33,154774,154775],{},[125,154776,150372],{"href":150371},[33,154778,154779],{},[125,154780,150377],{"href":148693},[33,154782,154783],{},[125,154784,25776,154785],{"href":154297},[15,154786,154300],{},[33,154788,154789],{},[125,154790,147455],{"href":147454},[1566,154792,154793],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":70,"searchDepth":99,"depth":99,"links":154795},[154796,154797,154798,154799,154800,154801,154802,154803,154804,154805,154811],{"id":3255,"depth":99,"text":3256},{"id":153559,"depth":99,"text":153560},{"id":153685,"depth":99,"text":153686},{"id":153823,"depth":99,"text":153824},{"id":153950,"depth":99,"text":153951},{"id":154075,"depth":99,"text":154076},{"id":154303,"depth":99,"text":154304},{"id":154455,"depth":99,"text":154456},{"id":913,"depth":99,"text":914},{"id":1470,"depth":99,"text":1471,"children":154806},[154807,154808,154809,154810],{"id":154700,"depth":133,"text":154701},{"id":154709,"depth":133,"text":154710},{"id":154735,"depth":133,"text":154736},{"id":154759,"depth":133,"text":154760},{"id":1526,"depth":99,"text":1527},"Master python tuple indexing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":153416,"description":154812},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained","oh8flZok-CuLGMVXExWuVV18PBZcnk3hpgYpNXAAb9g",{"id":154818,"title":154819,"body":154820,"description":156709,"extension":1610,"meta":156710,"navigation":407,"path":156711,"seo":156712,"stem":156713,"__hash__":156714},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len.md","Python Tuple Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":154821,"toc":156666},[154822,154828,154833,154884,154888,154896,154902,154904,154920,154922,154925,154940,154942,154955,154957,155014,155018,155026,155033,155039,155045,155049,155100,155104,155112,155116,155145,155149,155157,155161,155194,155198,155206,155210,155213,155264,155268,155276,155278,155295,155299,155303,155362,155366,155374,155377,155404,155408,155416,155420,155426,155501,155505,155542,155550,155554,155617,155621,155629,155634,155638,155644,155687,155691,155699,155705,155708,155755,155759,155767,155776,155782,155837,155841,155849,155852,155856,155858,155889,155893,155912,155915,155960,155964,155987,155993,155998,156000,156047,156052,156055,156103,156107,156115,156119,156124,156128,156178,156182,156197,156201,156259,156263,156278,156282,156353,156357,156366,156370,156449,156453,156475,156483,156485,156488,156513,156515,156568,156570,156587,156589,156593,156599,156604,156609,156613,156618,156622,156627,156633,156636,156638,156663],[10,154823,154825,154826,3311],{"id":154824},"python-tuple-length-len","Python Tuple Length (",[15,154827,10820],{},[20,154829,176,154830,154832],{},[15,154831,42016],{}," to get the number of items in a tuple.",[65,154834,154836],{"className":67,"code":154835,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,154837,154838,154870],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,154839,154840,154842,154844,154846,154848,154850,154852,154854,154856,154858,154860,154862,154864,154866,154868],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,154841,12732],{"class":80},[74,154843,85],{"class":84},[74,154845,8892],{"class":106},[74,154847,122],{"class":88},[74,154849,12749],{"class":92},[74,154851,122],{"class":88},[74,154853,249],{"class":106},[74,154855,89],{"class":88},[74,154857,17110],{"class":92},[74,154859,122],{"class":88},[74,154861,249],{"class":106},[74,154863,89],{"class":88},[74,154865,12766],{"class":92},[74,154867,122],{"class":88},[74,154869,260],{"class":106},[74,154871,154872,154874,154876,154878,154880,154882],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,154873,103],{"class":102},[74,154875,107],{"class":106},[74,154877,10820],{"class":102},[74,154879,107],{"class":106},[74,154881,17157],{"class":110},[74,154883,130],{"class":106},[20,154885,154886],{},[332,154887,157],{},[65,154889,154890],{"className":67,"code":168,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,154891,154892],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,154893,154894],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,154895,168],{"class":167},[20,154897,176,154898,154901],{},[15,154899,154900],{},"len(tuple_name)"," to count how many items are in a tuple.",[60,154903,14820],{"id":14819},[30,154905,154906,154911,154915,154918],{},[33,154907,3849,154908,154910],{},[15,154909,42016],{}," works with tuples",[33,154912,67899,154913,11363],{},[15,154914,42016],{},[33,154916,154917],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty tuples",[33,154919,4170],{},[60,154921,227],{"id":226},[20,154923,154924],{},"Use this pattern:",[65,154926,154928],{"className":67,"code":154927,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"len(my_tuple)\n",[15,154929,154930],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,154931,154932,154934,154936,154938],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,154933,10820],{"class":102},[74,154935,107],{"class":106},[74,154937,147473],{"class":110},[74,154939,260],{"class":106},[20,154941,11117],{},[30,154943,154944,154947,154950],{},[33,154945,154946],{},"Pass the tuple inside the parentheses",[33,154948,154949],{},"The result is an integer",[33,154951,154952,154954],{},[15,154953,42016],{}," does not change the tuple",[20,154956,506],{},[65,154958,154960],{"className":67,"code":154959,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\ncount = len(numbers)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,154961,154962,154986,155000,155004],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,154963,154964,154966,154968,154970,154972,154974,154976,154978,154980,154982,154984],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,154965,3266],{"class":80},[74,154967,85],{"class":84},[74,154969,8892],{"class":106},[74,154971,1972],{"class":167},[74,154973,249],{"class":106},[74,154975,7446],{"class":167},[74,154977,249],{"class":106},[74,154979,7451],{"class":167},[74,154981,249],{"class":106},[74,154983,50495],{"class":167},[74,154985,260],{"class":106},[74,154987,154988,154990,154992,154994,154996,154998],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,154989,40898],{"class":80},[74,154991,85],{"class":84},[74,154993,38042],{"class":102},[74,154995,107],{"class":106},[74,154997,3298],{"class":110},[74,154999,260],{"class":106},[74,155001,155002],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,155003,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,155005,155006,155008,155010,155012],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,155007,103],{"class":102},[74,155009,107],{"class":106},[74,155011,117],{"class":110},[74,155013,260],{"class":106},[20,155015,155016],{},[332,155017,157],{},[65,155019,155020],{"className":67,"code":48302,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,155021,155022],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,155023,155024],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,155025,48302],{"class":167},[20,155027,155028,155029,114],{},"If you want a broader explanation of this built-in function, see ",[125,155030,3223,155031,3156],{"href":42013},[15,155032,42016],{},[60,155034,3328,155036,155038],{"id":155035},"what-len-returns-for-a-tuple",[15,155037,42016],{}," returns for a tuple",[20,155040,155041,155042,155044],{},"For a tuple, ",[15,155043,42016],{}," returns the number of items in the tuple.",[262,155046,155048],{"id":155047},"regular-tuple","Regular tuple",[65,155050,155052],{"className":67,"code":155051,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\nprint(len(fruits))\n",[15,155053,155054,155086],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,155055,155056,155058,155060,155062,155064,155066,155068,155070,155072,155074,155076,155078,155080,155082,155084],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,155057,35895],{"class":80},[74,155059,85],{"class":84},[74,155061,8892],{"class":106},[74,155063,122],{"class":88},[74,155065,376],{"class":92},[74,155067,122],{"class":88},[74,155069,249],{"class":106},[74,155071,89],{"class":88},[74,155073,93],{"class":92},[74,155075,122],{"class":88},[74,155077,249],{"class":106},[74,155079,89],{"class":88},[74,155081,32878],{"class":92},[74,155083,122],{"class":88},[74,155085,260],{"class":106},[74,155087,155088,155090,155092,155094,155096,155098],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,155089,103],{"class":102},[74,155091,107],{"class":106},[74,155093,10820],{"class":102},[74,155095,107],{"class":106},[74,155097,35947],{"class":110},[74,155099,130],{"class":106},[20,155101,155102],{},[332,155103,157],{},[65,155105,155106],{"className":67,"code":168,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,155107,155108],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,155109,155110],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,155111,168],{"class":167},[262,155113,155115],{"id":155114},"empty-tuple","Empty tuple",[65,155117,155119],{"className":67,"code":155118,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"empty_tuple = ()\nprint(len(empty_tuple))\n",[15,155120,155121,155130],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,155122,155123,155126,155128],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,155124,155125],{"class":80},"empty_tuple ",[74,155127,85],{"class":84},[74,155129,148797],{"class":106},[74,155131,155132,155134,155136,155138,155140,155143],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,155133,103],{"class":102},[74,155135,107],{"class":106},[74,155137,10820],{"class":102},[74,155139,107],{"class":106},[74,155141,155142],{"class":110},"empty_tuple",[74,155144,130],{"class":106},[20,155146,155147],{},[332,155148,157],{},[65,155150,155151],{"className":67,"code":46904,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,155152,155153],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,155154,155155],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,155156,46904],{"class":167},[262,155158,155160],{"id":155159},"one-item-tuple","One-item tuple",[65,155162,155164],{"className":67,"code":155163,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"single_value = (5,)\nprint(len(single_value))\n",[15,155165,155166,155179],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,155167,155168,155171,155173,155175,155177],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,155169,155170],{"class":80},"single_value ",[74,155172,85],{"class":84},[74,155174,8892],{"class":106},[74,155176,711],{"class":167},[74,155178,148811],{"class":106},[74,155180,155181,155183,155185,155187,155189,155192],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,155182,103],{"class":102},[74,155184,107],{"class":106},[74,155186,10820],{"class":102},[74,155188,107],{"class":106},[74,155190,155191],{"class":110},"single_value",[74,155193,130],{"class":106},[20,155195,155196],{},[332,155197,157],{},[65,155199,155200],{"className":67,"code":669,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,155201,155202],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,155203,155204],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,155205,669],{"class":167},[262,155207,155209],{"id":155208},"nested-items","Nested items",[20,155211,155212],{},"Nested values still count as one top-level item each.",[65,155214,155216],{"className":67,"code":155215,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"data = (1, (2, 3), [4, 5])\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,155217,155218,155250],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,155219,155220,155222,155224,155226,155228,155230,155232,155234,155236,155238,155240,155242,155244,155246,155248],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,155221,8821],{"class":80},[74,155223,85],{"class":84},[74,155225,8892],{"class":106},[74,155227,2632],{"class":167},[74,155229,249],{"class":106},[74,155231,8892],{"class":106},[74,155233,687],{"class":167},[74,155235,249],{"class":106},[74,155237,2094],{"class":167},[74,155239,8889],{"class":106},[74,155241,3271],{"class":106},[74,155243,2148],{"class":167},[74,155245,249],{"class":106},[74,155247,651],{"class":167},[74,155249,751],{"class":106},[74,155251,155252,155254,155256,155258,155260,155262],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,155253,103],{"class":102},[74,155255,107],{"class":106},[74,155257,10820],{"class":102},[74,155259,107],{"class":106},[74,155261,8860],{"class":110},[74,155263,130],{"class":106},[20,155265,155266],{},[332,155267,157],{},[65,155269,155270],{"className":67,"code":168,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,155271,155272],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,155273,155274],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,155275,168],{"class":167},[20,155277,19612],{},[30,155279,155280,155285,155290],{},[33,155281,155282,155284],{},[15,155283,2632],{}," is one item",[33,155286,155287,155284],{},[15,155288,155289],{},"(2, 3)",[33,155291,155292,155284],{},[15,155293,155294],{},"[4, 5]",[60,155296,155298],{"id":155297},"important-tuple-examples","Important tuple examples",[262,155300,155302],{"id":155301},"regular-tuple-with-several-values","Regular tuple with several values",[65,155304,155306],{"className":67,"code":155305,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", \"yellow\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,155307,155308,155348],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,155309,155310,155312,155314,155316,155318,155320,155322,155324,155326,155328,155330,155332,155334,155336,155338,155340,155342,155344,155346],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,155311,12732],{"class":80},[74,155313,85],{"class":84},[74,155315,8892],{"class":106},[74,155317,122],{"class":88},[74,155319,12749],{"class":92},[74,155321,122],{"class":88},[74,155323,249],{"class":106},[74,155325,89],{"class":88},[74,155327,17110],{"class":92},[74,155329,122],{"class":88},[74,155331,249],{"class":106},[74,155333,89],{"class":88},[74,155335,12766],{"class":92},[74,155337,122],{"class":88},[74,155339,249],{"class":106},[74,155341,89],{"class":88},[74,155343,22180],{"class":92},[74,155345,122],{"class":88},[74,155347,260],{"class":106},[74,155349,155350,155352,155354,155356,155358,155360],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,155351,103],{"class":102},[74,155353,107],{"class":106},[74,155355,10820],{"class":102},[74,155357,107],{"class":106},[74,155359,17157],{"class":110},[74,155361,130],{"class":106},[20,155363,155364],{},[332,155365,157],{},[65,155367,155368],{"className":67,"code":48302,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,155369,155370],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,155371,155372],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,155373,48302],{"class":167},[262,155375,155115],{"id":155376},"empty-tuple-1",[65,155378,155380],{"className":67,"code":155379,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"items = ()\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,155381,155382,155390],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,155383,155384,155386,155388],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,155385,7435],{"class":80},[74,155387,85],{"class":84},[74,155389,148797],{"class":106},[74,155391,155392,155394,155396,155398,155400,155402],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,155393,103],{"class":102},[74,155395,107],{"class":106},[74,155397,10820],{"class":102},[74,155399,107],{"class":106},[74,155401,7466],{"class":110},[74,155403,130],{"class":106},[20,155405,155406],{},[332,155407,157],{},[65,155409,155410],{"className":67,"code":46904,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,155411,155412],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,155413,155414],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,155415,46904],{"class":167},[262,155417,155419],{"id":155418},"single-item-tuple-with-trailing-comma","Single-item tuple with trailing comma",[20,155421,155422,155423,155425],{},"A single value in parentheses is ",[332,155424,334],{}," always a tuple.",[65,155427,155429],{"className":67,"code":155428,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"a = (5)\nb = (5,)\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\nprint(len(b))\n",[15,155430,155431,155443,155455,155459,155473,155487],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,155432,155433,155435,155437,155439,155441],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,155434,2198],{"class":80},[74,155436,85],{"class":84},[74,155438,8892],{"class":106},[74,155440,711],{"class":167},[74,155442,260],{"class":106},[74,155444,155445,155447,155449,155451,155453],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,155446,2226],{"class":80},[74,155448,85],{"class":84},[74,155450,8892],{"class":106},[74,155452,711],{"class":167},[74,155454,148811],{"class":106},[74,155456,155457],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,155458,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,155460,155461,155463,155465,155467,155469,155471],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,155462,103],{"class":102},[74,155464,107],{"class":106},[74,155466,1346],{"class":1345},[74,155468,107],{"class":106},[74,155470,125],{"class":110},[74,155472,130],{"class":106},[74,155474,155475,155477,155479,155481,155483,155485],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,155476,103],{"class":102},[74,155478,107],{"class":106},[74,155480,1346],{"class":1345},[74,155482,107],{"class":106},[74,155484,4412],{"class":110},[74,155486,130],{"class":106},[74,155488,155489,155491,155493,155495,155497,155499],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,155490,103],{"class":102},[74,155492,107],{"class":106},[74,155494,10820],{"class":102},[74,155496,107],{"class":106},[74,155498,4412],{"class":110},[74,155500,130],{"class":106},[20,155502,155503],{},[332,155504,157],{},[65,155506,155508],{"className":67,"code":155507,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,155509,155510,155524,155538],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,155511,155512,155514,155516,155518,155520,155522],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,155513,2935],{"class":84},[74,155515,2938],{"class":1711},[74,155517,2941],{"class":88},[74,155519,1831],{"class":92},[74,155521,2946],{"class":88},[74,155523,2949],{"class":84},[74,155525,155526,155528,155530,155532,155534,155536],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,155527,2935],{"class":84},[74,155529,2938],{"class":1711},[74,155531,2941],{"class":88},[74,155533,48605],{"class":92},[74,155535,2946],{"class":88},[74,155537,2949],{"class":84},[74,155539,155540],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,155541,669],{"class":167},[20,155543,155544,155545,51,155548,114],{},"If you are new to tuple syntax, see ",[125,155546,155547],{"href":147458},"Python tuple: creating a tuple",[125,155549,148759],{"href":148758},[262,155551,155553],{"id":155552},"tuple-containing-lists-or-other-tuples","Tuple containing lists or other tuples",[65,155555,155557],{"className":67,"code":155556,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"mixed = (\"apple\", [1, 2], (\"x\", \"y\"))\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,155558,155559,155603],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,155560,155561,155563,155565,155567,155569,155571,155573,155575,155577,155579,155581,155583,155585,155587,155589,155591,155593,155595,155597,155599,155601],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,155562,59120],{"class":80},[74,155564,85],{"class":84},[74,155566,8892],{"class":106},[74,155568,122],{"class":88},[74,155570,376],{"class":92},[74,155572,122],{"class":88},[74,155574,249],{"class":106},[74,155576,3271],{"class":106},[74,155578,2632],{"class":167},[74,155580,249],{"class":106},[74,155582,620],{"class":167},[74,155584,17717],{"class":106},[74,155586,8892],{"class":106},[74,155588,122],{"class":88},[74,155590,1816],{"class":92},[74,155592,122],{"class":88},[74,155594,249],{"class":106},[74,155596,89],{"class":88},[74,155598,11403],{"class":92},[74,155600,122],{"class":88},[74,155602,130],{"class":106},[74,155604,155605,155607,155609,155611,155613,155615],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,155606,103],{"class":102},[74,155608,107],{"class":106},[74,155610,10820],{"class":102},[74,155612,107],{"class":106},[74,155614,59173],{"class":110},[74,155616,130],{"class":106},[20,155618,155619],{},[332,155620,157],{},[65,155622,155623],{"className":67,"code":168,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,155624,155625],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,155626,155627],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,155628,168],{"class":167},[20,155630,155631,155633],{},[15,155632,42016],{}," counts the outer tuple's items only.",[60,155635,155637],{"id":155636},"things-beginners-often-misunderstand","Things beginners often misunderstand",[262,155639,155641,155643],{"id":155640},"len-counts-items-not-characters-inside-strings",[15,155642,42016],{}," counts items, not characters inside strings",[65,155645,155647],{"className":67,"code":155646,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,155648,155649,155673],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,155650,155651,155653,155655,155657,155659,155661,155663,155665,155667,155669,155671],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,155652,3722],{"class":80},[74,155654,85],{"class":84},[74,155656,8892],{"class":106},[74,155658,122],{"class":88},[74,155660,63243],{"class":92},[74,155662,122],{"class":88},[74,155664,249],{"class":106},[74,155666,89],{"class":88},[74,155668,69],{"class":92},[74,155670,122],{"class":88},[74,155672,260],{"class":106},[74,155674,155675,155677,155679,155681,155683,155685],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,155676,103],{"class":102},[74,155678,107],{"class":106},[74,155680,10820],{"class":102},[74,155682,107],{"class":106},[74,155684,3764],{"class":110},[74,155686,130],{"class":106},[20,155688,155689],{},[332,155690,157],{},[65,155692,155693],{"className":67,"code":173,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,155694,155695],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,155696,155697],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,155698,173],{"class":167},[20,155700,155701,155702,155704],{},"This result is ",[15,155703,687],{}," because the tuple has two items.",[20,155706,155707],{},"If you check the length of one string item, that is different:",[65,155709,155711],{"className":67,"code":155710,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words[0]))\n",[15,155712,155713,155737],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,155714,155715,155717,155719,155721,155723,155725,155727,155729,155731,155733,155735],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,155716,3722],{"class":80},[74,155718,85],{"class":84},[74,155720,8892],{"class":106},[74,155722,122],{"class":88},[74,155724,63243],{"class":92},[74,155726,122],{"class":88},[74,155728,249],{"class":106},[74,155730,89],{"class":88},[74,155732,69],{"class":92},[74,155734,122],{"class":88},[74,155736,260],{"class":106},[74,155738,155739,155741,155743,155745,155747,155749,155751,155753],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,155740,103],{"class":102},[74,155742,107],{"class":106},[74,155744,10820],{"class":102},[74,155746,107],{"class":106},[74,155748,3764],{"class":110},[74,155750,742],{"class":106},[74,155752,327],{"class":167},[74,155754,2643],{"class":106},[20,155756,155757],{},[332,155758,157],{},[65,155760,155761],{"className":67,"code":173,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,155762,155763],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,155764,155765],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,155766,173],{"class":167},[20,155768,20426,155769,155772,155773,114],{},[15,155770,155771],{},"len(words[0])"," counts the characters in ",[15,155774,155775],{},"\"hi\"",[262,155777,155779,155781],{"id":155778},"len-counts-top-level-tuple-elements-only",[15,155780,42016],{}," counts top-level tuple elements only",[65,155783,155785],{"className":67,"code":155784,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"values = ((1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6))\nprint(len(values))\n",[15,155786,155787,155823],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,155788,155789,155791,155793,155795,155797,155799,155801,155803,155805,155807,155809,155811,155813,155815,155817,155819,155821],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,155790,3474],{"class":80},[74,155792,85],{"class":84},[74,155794,9652],{"class":106},[74,155796,2632],{"class":167},[74,155798,249],{"class":106},[74,155800,620],{"class":167},[74,155802,8889],{"class":106},[74,155804,8892],{"class":106},[74,155806,321],{"class":167},[74,155808,249],{"class":106},[74,155810,2100],{"class":167},[74,155812,8889],{"class":106},[74,155814,8892],{"class":106},[74,155816,711],{"class":167},[74,155818,249],{"class":106},[74,155820,37299],{"class":167},[74,155822,130],{"class":106},[74,155824,155825,155827,155829,155831,155833,155835],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,155826,103],{"class":102},[74,155828,107],{"class":106},[74,155830,10820],{"class":102},[74,155832,107],{"class":106},[74,155834,5008],{"class":110},[74,155836,130],{"class":106},[20,155838,155839],{},[332,155840,157],{},[65,155842,155843],{"className":67,"code":168,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,155844,155845],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,155846,155847],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,155848,168],{"class":167},[20,155850,155851],{},"The outer tuple contains three items.",[262,155853,155855],{"id":155854},"parentheses-alone-do-not-always-create-a-one-item-tuple","Parentheses alone do not always create a one-item tuple",[20,155857,25347],{},[65,155859,155861],{"className":67,"code":155860,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"value = (10)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,155862,155863,155875],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,155864,155865,155867,155869,155871,155873],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,155866,2089],{"class":80},[74,155868,85],{"class":84},[74,155870,8892],{"class":106},[74,155872,1972],{"class":167},[74,155874,260],{"class":106},[74,155876,155877,155879,155881,155883,155885,155887],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,155878,103],{"class":102},[74,155880,107],{"class":106},[74,155882,1346],{"class":1345},[74,155884,107],{"class":106},[74,155886,246],{"class":110},[74,155888,130],{"class":106},[20,155890,155891],{},[332,155892,157],{},[65,155894,155896],{"className":67,"code":155895,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,155897,155898],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,155899,155900,155902,155904,155906,155908,155910],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,155901,2935],{"class":84},[74,155903,2938],{"class":1711},[74,155905,2941],{"class":88},[74,155907,1831],{"class":92},[74,155909,2946],{"class":88},[74,155911,2949],{"class":84},[20,155913,155914],{},"To make a one-item tuple, add a comma:",[65,155916,155918],{"className":67,"code":155917,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"value = (10,)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,155919,155920,155932,155946],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,155921,155922,155924,155926,155928,155930],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,155923,2089],{"class":80},[74,155925,85],{"class":84},[74,155927,8892],{"class":106},[74,155929,1972],{"class":167},[74,155931,148811],{"class":106},[74,155933,155934,155936,155938,155940,155942,155944],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,155935,103],{"class":102},[74,155937,107],{"class":106},[74,155939,1346],{"class":1345},[74,155941,107],{"class":106},[74,155943,246],{"class":110},[74,155945,130],{"class":106},[74,155947,155948,155950,155952,155954,155956,155958],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,155949,103],{"class":102},[74,155951,107],{"class":106},[74,155953,10820],{"class":102},[74,155955,107],{"class":106},[74,155957,246],{"class":110},[74,155959,130],{"class":106},[20,155961,155962],{},[332,155963,157],{},[65,155965,155967],{"className":67,"code":155966,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,155968,155969,155983],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,155970,155971,155973,155975,155977,155979,155981],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,155972,2935],{"class":84},[74,155974,2938],{"class":1711},[74,155976,2941],{"class":88},[74,155978,48605],{"class":92},[74,155980,2946],{"class":88},[74,155982,2949],{"class":84},[74,155984,155985],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,155986,669],{"class":167},[262,155988,155990,155992],{"id":155989},"len-is-a-function-name-and-should-not-be-overwritten",[15,155991,10820],{}," is a function name and should not be overwritten",[20,155994,44083,155995,155997],{},[15,155996,10820],{}," as a variable name.",[20,155999,44114],{},[65,156001,156003],{"className":67,"code":156002,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"len = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,156004,156005,156013,156033],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,156006,156007,156009,156011],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,156008,10820],{"class":102},[74,156010,12933],{"class":84},[74,156012,2231],{"class":167},[74,156014,156015,156017,156019,156021,156023,156025,156027,156029,156031],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,156016,3266],{"class":80},[74,156018,85],{"class":84},[74,156020,8892],{"class":106},[74,156022,2632],{"class":167},[74,156024,249],{"class":106},[74,156026,620],{"class":167},[74,156028,249],{"class":106},[74,156030,2094],{"class":167},[74,156032,260],{"class":106},[74,156034,156035,156037,156039,156041,156043,156045],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,156036,103],{"class":102},[74,156038,107],{"class":106},[74,156040,10820],{"class":102},[74,156042,107],{"class":106},[74,156044,3298],{"class":110},[74,156046,130],{"class":106},[20,156048,39310,156049,156051],{},[15,156050,10820],{}," no longer refers to the built-in function.",[20,156053,156054],{},"Use a different variable name instead:",[65,156056,156058],{"className":67,"code":156057,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"length_value = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,156059,156060,156069,156089],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,156061,156062,156065,156067],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,156063,156064],{"class":80},"length_value ",[74,156066,85],{"class":84},[74,156068,2231],{"class":167},[74,156070,156071,156073,156075,156077,156079,156081,156083,156085,156087],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,156072,3266],{"class":80},[74,156074,85],{"class":84},[74,156076,8892],{"class":106},[74,156078,2632],{"class":167},[74,156080,249],{"class":106},[74,156082,620],{"class":167},[74,156084,249],{"class":106},[74,156086,2094],{"class":167},[74,156088,260],{"class":106},[74,156090,156091,156093,156095,156097,156099,156101],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,156092,103],{"class":102},[74,156094,107],{"class":106},[74,156096,10820],{"class":102},[74,156098,107],{"class":106},[74,156100,3298],{"class":110},[74,156102,130],{"class":106},[20,156104,156105],{},[332,156106,157],{},[65,156108,156109],{"className":67,"code":168,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,156110,156111],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,156112,156113],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,156114,168],{"class":167},[60,156116,156118],{"id":156117},"when-this-is-useful","When this is useful",[20,156120,156121,156123],{},[15,156122,42016],{}," is helpful when you need to work with tuple size.",[262,156125,156127],{"id":156126},"checking-whether-a-tuple-is-empty","Checking whether a tuple is empty",[65,156129,156131],{"className":67,"code":156130,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"items = ()\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The tuple is empty\")\n",[15,156132,156133,156141,156145,156163],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,156134,156135,156137,156139],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,156136,7435],{"class":80},[74,156138,85],{"class":84},[74,156140,148797],{"class":106},[74,156142,156143],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,156144,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,156146,156147,156149,156151,156153,156155,156157,156159,156161],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,156148,6651],{"class":3529},[74,156150,38042],{"class":102},[74,156152,107],{"class":106},[74,156154,7466],{"class":110},[74,156156,3311],{"class":106},[74,156158,6061],{"class":84},[74,156160,3485],{"class":167},[74,156162,6046],{"class":106},[74,156164,156165,156167,156169,156171,156174,156176],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,156166,7726],{"class":102},[74,156168,107],{"class":106},[74,156170,122],{"class":88},[74,156172,156173],{"class":92},"The tuple is empty",[74,156175,122],{"class":88},[74,156177,260],{"class":106},[20,156179,156180],{},[332,156181,157],{},[65,156183,156185],{"className":67,"code":156184,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"The tuple is empty\n",[15,156186,156187],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,156188,156189,156191,156193,156195],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,156190,1627],{"class":80},[74,156192,48605],{"class":1345},[74,156194,7754],{"class":84},[74,156196,7760],{"class":80},[262,156198,156200],{"id":156199},"validating-how-many-values-were-stored","Validating how many values were stored",[65,156202,156204],{"className":67,"code":156203,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"point = (4, 7)\n\nif len(point) == 2:\n    print(\"This looks like an x, y coordinate\")\n",[15,156205,156206,156222,156226,156244],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,156207,156208,156210,156212,156214,156216,156218,156220],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,156209,51037],{"class":80},[74,156211,85],{"class":84},[74,156213,8892],{"class":106},[74,156215,2148],{"class":167},[74,156217,249],{"class":106},[74,156219,5645],{"class":167},[74,156221,260],{"class":106},[74,156223,156224],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,156225,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,156227,156228,156230,156232,156234,156236,156238,156240,156242],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,156229,6651],{"class":3529},[74,156231,38042],{"class":102},[74,156233,107],{"class":106},[74,156235,51062],{"class":110},[74,156237,3311],{"class":106},[74,156239,6061],{"class":84},[74,156241,620],{"class":167},[74,156243,6046],{"class":106},[74,156245,156246,156248,156250,156252,156255,156257],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,156247,7726],{"class":102},[74,156249,107],{"class":106},[74,156251,122],{"class":88},[74,156253,156254],{"class":92},"This looks like an x, y coordinate",[74,156256,122],{"class":88},[74,156258,260],{"class":106},[20,156260,156261],{},[332,156262,157],{},[65,156264,156266],{"className":67,"code":156265,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"This looks like an x, y coordinate\n",[15,156267,156268],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,156269,156270,156273,156275],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,156271,156272],{"class":80},"This looks like an x",[74,156274,249],{"class":106},[74,156276,156277],{"class":80}," y coordinate\n",[262,156279,156281],{"id":156280},"using-tuple-size-in-conditions","Using tuple size in conditions",[65,156283,156285],{"className":67,"code":156284,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"user = (\"Ana\", 25, \"Canada\")\n\nif len(user) == 3:\n    print(\"User record has the expected number of values\")\n",[15,156286,156287,156316,156320,156338],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,156288,156289,156291,156293,156295,156297,156299,156301,156303,156305,156307,156309,156312,156314],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,156290,11145],{"class":80},[74,156292,85],{"class":84},[74,156294,8892],{"class":106},[74,156296,122],{"class":88},[74,156298,12539],{"class":92},[74,156300,122],{"class":88},[74,156302,249],{"class":106},[74,156304,8962],{"class":167},[74,156306,249],{"class":106},[74,156308,89],{"class":88},[74,156310,156311],{"class":92},"Canada",[74,156313,122],{"class":88},[74,156315,260],{"class":106},[74,156317,156318],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,156319,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,156321,156322,156324,156326,156328,156330,156332,156334,156336],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,156323,6651],{"class":3529},[74,156325,38042],{"class":102},[74,156327,107],{"class":106},[74,156329,11239],{"class":110},[74,156331,3311],{"class":106},[74,156333,6061],{"class":84},[74,156335,2094],{"class":167},[74,156337,6046],{"class":106},[74,156339,156340,156342,156344,156346,156349,156351],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,156341,7726],{"class":102},[74,156343,107],{"class":106},[74,156345,122],{"class":88},[74,156347,156348],{"class":92},"User record has the expected number of values",[74,156350,122],{"class":88},[74,156352,260],{"class":106},[20,156354,156355],{},[332,156356,157],{},[65,156358,156360],{"className":67,"code":156359,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"User record has the expected number of values\n",[15,156361,156362],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,156363,156364],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,156365,156359],{"class":80},[262,156367,156369],{"id":156368},"looping-based-on-the-number-of-items","Looping based on the number of items",[65,156371,156373],{"className":67,"code":156372,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nfor i in range(len(letters)):\n    print(i, letters[i])\n",[15,156374,156375,156407,156411,156431],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,156376,156377,156379,156381,156383,156385,156387,156389,156391,156393,156395,156397,156399,156401,156403,156405],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,156378,35746],{"class":80},[74,156380,85],{"class":84},[74,156382,8892],{"class":106},[74,156384,122],{"class":88},[74,156386,125],{"class":92},[74,156388,122],{"class":88},[74,156390,249],{"class":106},[74,156392,89],{"class":88},[74,156394,4412],{"class":92},[74,156396,122],{"class":88},[74,156398,249],{"class":106},[74,156400,89],{"class":88},[74,156402,9396],{"class":92},[74,156404,122],{"class":88},[74,156406,260],{"class":106},[74,156408,156409],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,156410,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,156412,156413,156415,156417,156419,156421,156423,156425,156427,156429],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,156414,5609],{"class":3529},[74,156416,69189],{"class":80},[74,156418,351],{"class":3529},[74,156420,53722],{"class":102},[74,156422,107],{"class":106},[74,156424,10820],{"class":102},[74,156426,107],{"class":106},[74,156428,35799],{"class":110},[74,156430,69204],{"class":106},[74,156432,156433,156435,156437,156439,156441,156443,156445,156447],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,156434,7726],{"class":102},[74,156436,107],{"class":106},[74,156438,35810],{"class":110},[74,156440,249],{"class":106},[74,156442,69737],{"class":110},[74,156444,742],{"class":106},[74,156446,35810],{"class":110},[74,156448,751],{"class":106},[20,156450,156451],{},[332,156452,157],{},[65,156454,156455],{"className":67,"code":35822,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,156456,156457,156463,156469],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,156458,156459,156461],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,156460,327],{"class":167},[74,156462,35831],{"class":80},[74,156464,156465,156467],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,156466,2632],{"class":167},[74,156468,35838],{"class":80},[74,156470,156471,156473],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,156472,687],{"class":167},[74,156474,35845],{"class":80},[20,156476,156477,156478,156480,156481,114],{},"If you want to access values by position, read ",[125,156479,149128],{"href":149127},". To work with parts of a tuple, see ",[125,156482,150372],{"href":150371},[60,156484,914],{"id":913},[20,156486,156487],{},"These are some common causes of confusion:",[30,156489,156490,156498,156505,156510],{},[33,156491,156492,156493,10750,156496],{},"Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple, such as writing ",[15,156494,156495],{},"(5)",[15,156497,148962],{},[33,156499,571,156500,156502,156503],{},[15,156501,10820],{}," as a variable name and then trying to call ",[15,156504,42016],{},[33,156506,923,156507,156509],{},[15,156508,42016],{}," to count characters across all tuple items",[33,156511,156512],{},"Passing a non-tuple value by mistake",[20,156514,31739],{},[65,156516,156518],{"className":67,"code":156517,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nhelp(len)\n",[15,156519,156520,156530,156544,156558],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,156521,156522,156524,156526,156528],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,156523,103],{"class":102},[74,156525,107],{"class":106},[74,156527,147473],{"class":110},[74,156529,260],{"class":106},[74,156531,156532,156534,156536,156538,156540,156542],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,156533,103],{"class":102},[74,156535,107],{"class":106},[74,156537,1346],{"class":1345},[74,156539,107],{"class":106},[74,156541,147473],{"class":110},[74,156543,130],{"class":106},[74,156545,156546,156548,156550,156552,156554,156556],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,156547,103],{"class":102},[74,156549,107],{"class":106},[74,156551,10820],{"class":102},[74,156553,107],{"class":106},[74,156555,147473],{"class":110},[74,156557,130],{"class":106},[74,156559,156560,156562,156564,156566],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,156561,31809],{"class":102},[74,156563,107],{"class":106},[74,156565,10820],{"class":102},[74,156567,260],{"class":106},[20,156569,154682],{},[30,156571,156572,156575,156578,156582],{},[33,156573,156574],{},"what value you are using",[33,156576,156577],{},"whether it is really a tuple",[33,156579,35,156580,11363],{},[15,156581,42016],{},[33,156583,47,156584,156586],{},[15,156585,42016],{}," is documented in Python",[60,156588,1471],{"id":1470},[262,156590,156592],{"id":156591},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-tuple-in-python","How do I get the length of a tuple in Python?",[20,156594,176,156595,156598],{},[15,156596,156597],{},"len(your_tuple)",". It returns the number of items in the tuple.",[262,156600,1517,156602,148632],{"id":156601},"does-len-change-the-tuple",[15,156603,42016],{},[20,156605,46019,156606,156608],{},[15,156607,42016],{}," only returns a count. It does not modify the tuple.",[262,156610,156612],{"id":156611},"what-is-the-length-of-an-empty-tuple","What is the length of an empty tuple?",[20,156614,156615,156616,114],{},"The length is ",[15,156617,327],{},[262,156619,156621],{"id":156620},"how-do-i-make-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I make a tuple with one item?",[20,156623,150318,156624,156626],{},[15,156625,150321],{},". Without the comma, Python does not treat it as a one-item tuple.",[262,156628,1517,156630,156632],{"id":156629},"does-len-count-items-inside-nested-tuples",[15,156631,42016],{}," count items inside nested tuples?",[20,156634,156635],{},"It counts only the top-level items in the outer tuple.",[60,156637,1527],{"id":1526},[30,156639,156640,156646,156650,156654,156658],{},[33,156641,156642],{},[125,156643,3223,156644,3156],{"href":42013},[15,156645,42016],{},[33,156647,156648],{},[125,156649,155547],{"href":147458},[33,156651,156652],{},[125,156653,149128],{"href":149127},[33,156655,156656],{},[125,156657,150372],{"href":150371},[33,156659,156660],{},[125,156661,156662],{"href":148758},"What is a tuple in Python",[1566,156664,156665],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":70,"searchDepth":99,"depth":99,"links":156667},[156668,156669,156670,156677,156683,156692,156698,156699,156708],{"id":14819,"depth":99,"text":14820},{"id":226,"depth":99,"text":227},{"id":155035,"depth":99,"text":156671,"children":156672},"What len() returns for a tuple",[156673,156674,156675,156676],{"id":155047,"depth":133,"text":155048},{"id":155114,"depth":133,"text":155115},{"id":155159,"depth":133,"text":155160},{"id":155208,"depth":133,"text":155209},{"id":155297,"depth":99,"text":155298,"children":156678},[156679,156680,156681,156682],{"id":155301,"depth":133,"text":155302},{"id":155376,"depth":133,"text":155115},{"id":155418,"depth":133,"text":155419},{"id":155552,"depth":133,"text":155553},{"id":155636,"depth":99,"text":155637,"children":156684},[156685,156687,156689,156690],{"id":155640,"depth":133,"text":156686},"len() counts items, not characters inside strings",{"id":155778,"depth":133,"text":156688},"len() counts top-level tuple elements only",{"id":155854,"depth":133,"text":155855},{"id":155989,"depth":133,"text":156691},"len is a function name and should not be overwritten",{"id":156117,"depth":99,"text":156118,"children":156693},[156694,156695,156696,156697],{"id":156126,"depth":133,"text":156127},{"id":156199,"depth":133,"text":156200},{"id":156280,"depth":133,"text":156281},{"id":156368,"depth":133,"text":156369},{"id":913,"depth":99,"text":914},{"id":1470,"depth":99,"text":1471,"children":156700},[156701,156702,156704,156705,156706],{"id":156591,"depth":133,"text":156592},{"id":156601,"depth":133,"text":156703},"Does len() change the tuple?",{"id":156611,"depth":133,"text":156612},{"id":156620,"depth":133,"text":156621},{"id":156629,"depth":133,"text":156707},"Does len() count items inside nested tuples?",{"id":1526,"depth":99,"text":1527},"Master python tuple length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len",{"title":154819,"description":156709},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len","g9bXnSTfHR3GhI-V2fOG-ILQ3BF1aF8i67PNhSzLJFU",{"id":156716,"title":156717,"body":156718,"description":159103,"extension":1610,"meta":159104,"navigation":407,"path":159105,"seo":159106,"stem":159107,"__hash__":159108},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained.md","Python Tuple Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":156719,"toc":159064},[156720,156723,156726,156729,156752,156758,156760,156871,156875,156878,156888,156890,156989,156991,157068,157074,157078,157081,157104,157107,157124,157127,157129,157192,157194,157211,157222,157227,157229,157232,157238,157289,157291,157311,157315,157366,157368,157389,157393,157448,157450,157471,157475,157530,157532,157553,157557,157610,157612,157641,157643,157645,157648,157652,157709,157711,157732,157736,157789,157791,157816,157821,157825,157830,157848,157851,157914,157916,157937,157940,158001,158003,158024,158027,158070,158073,158077,158082,158086,158165,158167,158198,158202,158277,158279,158306,158310,158357,158359,158367,158372,158376,158379,158394,158396,158484,158486,158511,158514,158557,158566,158568,158571,158586,158589,158593,158647,158649,158669,158674,158678,158680,158718,158721,158771,158775,158848,158850,158887,158890,158892,158895,158915,158918,158987,158989,159002,159004,159008,159011,159015,159018,159023,159026,159032,159037,159039,159061],[10,156721,156717],{"id":156722},"python-tuple-slicing-explained",[20,156724,156725],{},"Tuple slicing lets you get part of a tuple by using square brackets and colons. It is a simple way to take a range of values, skip values with a step, or reverse a tuple.",[20,156727,156728],{},"Use this format:",[65,156730,156732],{"className":67,"code":156731,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,156733,156734],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,156735,156736,156738,156740,156742,156744,156746,156748,156750],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,156737,48605],{"class":80},[74,156739,742],{"class":106},[74,156741,50],{"class":80},[74,156743,679],{"class":106},[74,156745,75065],{"class":80},[74,156747,679],{"class":106},[74,156749,75068],{"class":80},[74,156751,3284],{"class":106},[20,156753,1627,156754,75101,156756,114],{},[15,156755,75065],{},[332,156757,64713],{},[60,156759,63],{"id":62},[65,156761,156763],{"className":67,"code":156762,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # (20, 30, 40)\nprint(numbers[:3])    # (10, 20, 30)\nprint(numbers[::2])   # (10, 30, 50)\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,156764,156765,156793,156797,156818,156835,156852],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,156766,156767,156769,156771,156773,156775,156777,156779,156781,156783,156785,156787,156789,156791],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,156768,3266],{"class":80},[74,156770,85],{"class":84},[74,156772,8892],{"class":106},[74,156774,1972],{"class":167},[74,156776,249],{"class":106},[74,156778,7446],{"class":167},[74,156780,249],{"class":106},[74,156782,7451],{"class":167},[74,156784,249],{"class":106},[74,156786,50495],{"class":167},[74,156788,249],{"class":106},[74,156790,4732],{"class":167},[74,156792,260],{"class":106},[74,156794,156795],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,156796,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,156798,156799,156801,156803,156805,156807,156809,156811,156813,156815],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,156800,103],{"class":102},[74,156802,107],{"class":106},[74,156804,3298],{"class":110},[74,156806,742],{"class":106},[74,156808,2632],{"class":167},[74,156810,679],{"class":106},[74,156812,2148],{"class":167},[74,156814,20101],{"class":106},[74,156816,156817],{"class":3314},"   # (20, 30, 40)\n",[74,156819,156820,156822,156824,156826,156828,156830,156832],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,156821,103],{"class":102},[74,156823,107],{"class":106},[74,156825,3298],{"class":110},[74,156827,75174],{"class":106},[74,156829,321],{"class":167},[74,156831,20101],{"class":106},[74,156833,156834],{"class":3314},"    # (10, 20, 30)\n",[74,156836,156837,156839,156841,156843,156845,156847,156849],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,156838,103],{"class":102},[74,156840,107],{"class":106},[74,156842,3298],{"class":110},[74,156844,73761],{"class":106},[74,156846,687],{"class":167},[74,156848,20101],{"class":106},[74,156850,156851],{"class":3314},"   # (10, 30, 50)\n",[74,156853,156854,156856,156858,156860,156862,156864,156866,156868],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,156855,103],{"class":102},[74,156857,107],{"class":106},[74,156859,3298],{"class":110},[74,156861,73761],{"class":106},[74,156863,1669],{"class":84},[74,156865,2632],{"class":167},[74,156867,20101],{"class":106},[74,156869,156870],{"class":3314},"  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[60,156872,156874],{"id":156873},"what-tuple-slicing-means","What tuple slicing means",[20,156876,156877],{},"Slicing gets part of a tuple.",[30,156879,156880,156882,156885],{},[33,156881,75368],{},[33,156883,156884],{},"The result is a new tuple",[33,156886,156887],{},"It does not change the original tuple",[20,156889,506],{},[65,156891,156893],{"className":67,"code":156892,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\")\n\npart = letters[1:4]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,156894,156895,156943,156947,156965,156969,156979],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,156896,156897,156899,156901,156903,156905,156907,156909,156911,156913,156915,156917,156919,156921,156923,156925,156927,156929,156931,156933,156935,156937,156939,156941],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,156898,35746],{"class":80},[74,156900,85],{"class":84},[74,156902,8892],{"class":106},[74,156904,122],{"class":88},[74,156906,125],{"class":92},[74,156908,122],{"class":88},[74,156910,249],{"class":106},[74,156912,89],{"class":88},[74,156914,4412],{"class":92},[74,156916,122],{"class":88},[74,156918,249],{"class":106},[74,156920,89],{"class":88},[74,156922,9396],{"class":92},[74,156924,122],{"class":88},[74,156926,249],{"class":106},[74,156928,89],{"class":88},[74,156930,18422],{"class":92},[74,156932,122],{"class":88},[74,156934,249],{"class":106},[74,156936,89],{"class":88},[74,156938,60095],{"class":92},[74,156940,122],{"class":88},[74,156942,260],{"class":106},[74,156944,156945],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,156946,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,156948,156949,156951,156953,156955,156957,156959,156961,156963],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,156950,75298],{"class":80},[74,156952,85],{"class":84},[74,156954,69737],{"class":80},[74,156956,742],{"class":106},[74,156958,2632],{"class":167},[74,156960,679],{"class":106},[74,156962,2148],{"class":167},[74,156964,3284],{"class":106},[74,156966,156967],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,156968,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,156970,156971,156973,156975,156977],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,156972,103],{"class":102},[74,156974,107],{"class":106},[74,156976,75321],{"class":110},[74,156978,260],{"class":106},[74,156980,156981,156983,156985,156987],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,156982,103],{"class":102},[74,156984,107],{"class":106},[74,156986,35799],{"class":110},[74,156988,260],{"class":106},[20,156990,157],{},[65,156992,156994],{"className":67,"code":156993,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"('b', 'c', 'd')\n('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e')\n",[15,156995,156996,157024],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,156997,156998,157000,157002,157004,157006,157008,157010,157012,157014,157016,157018,157020,157022],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,156999,107],{"class":106},[74,157001,2946],{"class":88},[74,157003,4412],{"class":92},[74,157005,2946],{"class":88},[74,157007,249],{"class":106},[74,157009,2941],{"class":88},[74,157011,9396],{"class":92},[74,157013,2946],{"class":88},[74,157015,249],{"class":106},[74,157017,2941],{"class":88},[74,157019,18422],{"class":92},[74,157021,2946],{"class":88},[74,157023,260],{"class":106},[74,157025,157026,157028,157030,157032,157034,157036,157038,157040,157042,157044,157046,157048,157050,157052,157054,157056,157058,157060,157062,157064,157066],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,157027,107],{"class":106},[74,157029,2946],{"class":88},[74,157031,125],{"class":92},[74,157033,2946],{"class":88},[74,157035,249],{"class":106},[74,157037,2941],{"class":88},[74,157039,4412],{"class":92},[74,157041,2946],{"class":88},[74,157043,249],{"class":106},[74,157045,2941],{"class":88},[74,157047,9396],{"class":92},[74,157049,2946],{"class":88},[74,157051,249],{"class":106},[74,157053,2941],{"class":88},[74,157055,18422],{"class":92},[74,157057,2946],{"class":88},[74,157059,249],{"class":106},[74,157061,2941],{"class":88},[74,157063,60095],{"class":92},[74,157065,2946],{"class":88},[74,157067,260],{"class":106},[20,157069,157070,157071,114],{},"The original tuple stays the same because tuples are immutable. If you are new to tuples, see ",[125,157072,147455],{"href":157073},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained",[60,157075,157077],{"id":157076},"basic-slice-syntax","Basic slice syntax",[20,157079,157080],{},"The full syntax is:",[65,157082,157084],{"className":67,"code":157083,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"my_tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,157085,157086],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,157087,157088,157090,157092,157094,157096,157098,157100,157102],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,157089,147473],{"class":80},[74,157091,742],{"class":106},[74,157093,50],{"class":80},[74,157095,679],{"class":106},[74,157097,75065],{"class":80},[74,157099,679],{"class":106},[74,157101,75068],{"class":80},[74,157103,3284],{"class":106},[20,157105,157106],{},"Each part has a job:",[30,157108,157109,157114,157119],{},[33,157110,157111,157113],{},[15,157112,50],{},": where slicing begins",[33,157115,157116,157118],{},[15,157117,75065],{},": where slicing ends, but that index is not included",[33,157120,157121,157123],{},[15,157122,75068],{},": how many positions to move each time",[20,157125,157126],{},"All three parts are optional.",[20,157128,506],{},[65,157130,157132],{"className":67,"code":157131,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:5:2])\n",[15,157133,157134,157166,157170],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,157135,157136,157138,157140,157142,157144,157146,157148,157150,157152,157154,157156,157158,157160,157162,157164],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,157137,3266],{"class":80},[74,157139,85],{"class":84},[74,157141,8892],{"class":106},[74,157143,1972],{"class":167},[74,157145,249],{"class":106},[74,157147,7446],{"class":167},[74,157149,249],{"class":106},[74,157151,7451],{"class":167},[74,157153,249],{"class":106},[74,157155,50495],{"class":167},[74,157157,249],{"class":106},[74,157159,4732],{"class":167},[74,157161,249],{"class":106},[74,157163,75737],{"class":167},[74,157165,260],{"class":106},[74,157167,157168],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,157169,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,157171,157172,157174,157176,157178,157180,157182,157184,157186,157188,157190],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,157173,103],{"class":102},[74,157175,107],{"class":106},[74,157177,3298],{"class":110},[74,157179,742],{"class":106},[74,157181,2632],{"class":167},[74,157183,679],{"class":106},[74,157185,711],{"class":167},[74,157187,679],{"class":106},[74,157189,687],{"class":167},[74,157191,751],{"class":106},[20,157193,157],{},[65,157195,157197],{"className":67,"code":157196,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"(20, 40)\n",[15,157198,157199],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,157200,157201,157203,157205,157207,157209],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,157202,107],{"class":106},[74,157204,15412],{"class":167},[74,157206,249],{"class":106},[74,157208,50495],{"class":167},[74,157210,260],{"class":106},[20,157212,157213,157214,157216,157217,157219,157220,114],{},"This starts at index ",[15,157215,2632],{},", stops before index ",[15,157218,711],{},", and moves by ",[15,157221,687],{},[20,157223,157224,157225,114],{},"If you need a refresher on getting a single value, read ",[125,157226,149128],{"href":152554},[60,157228,75654],{"id":75653},[20,157230,157231],{},"These are the most common tuple slice patterns you will use.",[262,157233,157235,157236,5617],{"id":157234},"get-the-first-n-items","Get the first ",[15,157237,75668],{},[65,157239,157241],{"className":67,"code":157240,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:3])\n",[15,157242,157243,157271,157275],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,157244,157245,157247,157249,157251,157253,157255,157257,157259,157261,157263,157265,157267,157269],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,157246,3266],{"class":80},[74,157248,85],{"class":84},[74,157250,8892],{"class":106},[74,157252,1972],{"class":167},[74,157254,249],{"class":106},[74,157256,7446],{"class":167},[74,157258,249],{"class":106},[74,157260,7451],{"class":167},[74,157262,249],{"class":106},[74,157264,50495],{"class":167},[74,157266,249],{"class":106},[74,157268,4732],{"class":167},[74,157270,260],{"class":106},[74,157272,157273],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,157274,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,157276,157277,157279,157281,157283,157285,157287],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,157278,103],{"class":102},[74,157280,107],{"class":106},[74,157282,3298],{"class":110},[74,157284,75174],{"class":106},[74,157286,321],{"class":167},[74,157288,751],{"class":106},[20,157290,157],{},[65,157292,157293],{"className":67,"code":150820,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,157294,157295],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,157296,157297,157299,157301,157303,157305,157307,157309],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,157298,107],{"class":106},[74,157300,1972],{"class":167},[74,157302,249],{"class":106},[74,157304,7446],{"class":167},[74,157306,249],{"class":106},[74,157308,7451],{"class":167},[74,157310,260],{"class":106},[262,157312,157314],{"id":157313},"get-items-from-an-index-to-the-end","Get items from an index to the end",[65,157316,157318],{"className":67,"code":157317,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[2:])\n",[15,157319,157320,157348,157352],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,157321,157322,157324,157326,157328,157330,157332,157334,157336,157338,157340,157342,157344,157346],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,157323,3266],{"class":80},[74,157325,85],{"class":84},[74,157327,8892],{"class":106},[74,157329,1972],{"class":167},[74,157331,249],{"class":106},[74,157333,7446],{"class":167},[74,157335,249],{"class":106},[74,157337,7451],{"class":167},[74,157339,249],{"class":106},[74,157341,50495],{"class":167},[74,157343,249],{"class":106},[74,157345,4732],{"class":167},[74,157347,260],{"class":106},[74,157349,157350],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,157351,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,157353,157354,157356,157358,157360,157362,157364],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,157355,103],{"class":102},[74,157357,107],{"class":106},[74,157359,3298],{"class":110},[74,157361,742],{"class":106},[74,157363,687],{"class":167},[74,157365,77353],{"class":106},[20,157367,157],{},[65,157369,157371],{"className":67,"code":157370,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"(30, 40, 50)\n",[15,157372,157373],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,157374,157375,157377,157379,157381,157383,157385,157387],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,157376,107],{"class":106},[74,157378,36498],{"class":167},[74,157380,249],{"class":106},[74,157382,50495],{"class":167},[74,157384,249],{"class":106},[74,157386,4732],{"class":167},[74,157388,260],{"class":106},[262,157390,157392],{"id":157391},"get-a-range-of-items","Get a range of items",[65,157394,157396],{"className":67,"code":157395,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,157397,157398,157426,157430],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,157399,157400,157402,157404,157406,157408,157410,157412,157414,157416,157418,157420,157422,157424],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,157401,3266],{"class":80},[74,157403,85],{"class":84},[74,157405,8892],{"class":106},[74,157407,1972],{"class":167},[74,157409,249],{"class":106},[74,157411,7446],{"class":167},[74,157413,249],{"class":106},[74,157415,7451],{"class":167},[74,157417,249],{"class":106},[74,157419,50495],{"class":167},[74,157421,249],{"class":106},[74,157423,4732],{"class":167},[74,157425,260],{"class":106},[74,157427,157428],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,157429,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,157431,157432,157434,157436,157438,157440,157442,157444,157446],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,157433,103],{"class":102},[74,157435,107],{"class":106},[74,157437,3298],{"class":110},[74,157439,742],{"class":106},[74,157441,2632],{"class":167},[74,157443,679],{"class":106},[74,157445,2148],{"class":167},[74,157447,751],{"class":106},[20,157449,157],{},[65,157451,157453],{"className":67,"code":157452,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"(20, 30, 40)\n",[15,157454,157455],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,157456,157457,157459,157461,157463,157465,157467,157469],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,157458,107],{"class":106},[74,157460,15412],{"class":167},[74,157462,249],{"class":106},[74,157464,7451],{"class":167},[74,157466,249],{"class":106},[74,157468,50495],{"class":167},[74,157470,260],{"class":106},[262,157472,157474],{"id":157473},"get-every-second-item","Get every second item",[65,157476,157478],{"className":67,"code":157477,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[::2])\n",[15,157479,157480,157512,157516],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,157481,157482,157484,157486,157488,157490,157492,157494,157496,157498,157500,157502,157504,157506,157508,157510],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,157483,3266],{"class":80},[74,157485,85],{"class":84},[74,157487,8892],{"class":106},[74,157489,1972],{"class":167},[74,157491,249],{"class":106},[74,157493,7446],{"class":167},[74,157495,249],{"class":106},[74,157497,7451],{"class":167},[74,157499,249],{"class":106},[74,157501,50495],{"class":167},[74,157503,249],{"class":106},[74,157505,4732],{"class":167},[74,157507,249],{"class":106},[74,157509,75737],{"class":167},[74,157511,260],{"class":106},[74,157513,157514],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,157515,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,157517,157518,157520,157522,157524,157526,157528],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,157519,103],{"class":102},[74,157521,107],{"class":106},[74,157523,3298],{"class":110},[74,157525,73761],{"class":106},[74,157527,687],{"class":167},[74,157529,751],{"class":106},[20,157531,157],{},[65,157533,157535],{"className":67,"code":157534,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"(10, 30, 50)\n",[15,157536,157537],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,157538,157539,157541,157543,157545,157547,157549,157551],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,157540,107],{"class":106},[74,157542,1972],{"class":167},[74,157544,249],{"class":106},[74,157546,7451],{"class":167},[74,157548,249],{"class":106},[74,157550,4732],{"class":167},[74,157552,260],{"class":106},[262,157554,157556],{"id":157555},"reverse-a-tuple","Reverse a tuple",[65,157558,157560],{"className":67,"code":157559,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[::-1])\n",[15,157561,157562,157590,157594],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,157563,157564,157566,157568,157570,157572,157574,157576,157578,157580,157582,157584,157586,157588],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,157565,3266],{"class":80},[74,157567,85],{"class":84},[74,157569,8892],{"class":106},[74,157571,1972],{"class":167},[74,157573,249],{"class":106},[74,157575,7446],{"class":167},[74,157577,249],{"class":106},[74,157579,7451],{"class":167},[74,157581,249],{"class":106},[74,157583,50495],{"class":167},[74,157585,249],{"class":106},[74,157587,4732],{"class":167},[74,157589,260],{"class":106},[74,157591,157592],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,157593,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,157595,157596,157598,157600,157602,157604,157606,157608],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,157597,103],{"class":102},[74,157599,107],{"class":106},[74,157601,3298],{"class":110},[74,157603,73761],{"class":106},[74,157605,1669],{"class":84},[74,157607,2632],{"class":167},[74,157609,751],{"class":106},[20,157611,157],{},[65,157613,157615],{"className":67,"code":157614,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"(50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,157616,157617],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,157618,157619,157621,157623,157625,157627,157629,157631,157633,157635,157637,157639],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,157620,107],{"class":106},[74,157622,76431],{"class":167},[74,157624,249],{"class":106},[74,157626,50495],{"class":167},[74,157628,249],{"class":106},[74,157630,7451],{"class":167},[74,157632,249],{"class":106},[74,157634,7446],{"class":167},[74,157636,249],{"class":106},[74,157638,5656],{"class":167},[74,157640,260],{"class":106},[60,157642,75947],{"id":75946},[20,157644,153827],{},[20,157646,157647],{},"This is useful when you want values near the end without calculating the tuple length first.",[262,157649,157651],{"id":157650},"get-the-last-3-items","Get the last 3 items",[65,157653,157655],{"className":67,"code":157654,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[-3:])\n",[15,157656,157657,157689,157693],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,157658,157659,157661,157663,157665,157667,157669,157671,157673,157675,157677,157679,157681,157683,157685,157687],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,157660,3266],{"class":80},[74,157662,85],{"class":84},[74,157664,8892],{"class":106},[74,157666,1972],{"class":167},[74,157668,249],{"class":106},[74,157670,7446],{"class":167},[74,157672,249],{"class":106},[74,157674,7451],{"class":167},[74,157676,249],{"class":106},[74,157678,50495],{"class":167},[74,157680,249],{"class":106},[74,157682,4732],{"class":167},[74,157684,249],{"class":106},[74,157686,75737],{"class":167},[74,157688,260],{"class":106},[74,157690,157691],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,157692,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,157694,157695,157697,157699,157701,157703,157705,157707],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,157696,103],{"class":102},[74,157698,107],{"class":106},[74,157700,3298],{"class":110},[74,157702,742],{"class":106},[74,157704,1669],{"class":84},[74,157706,321],{"class":167},[74,157708,77353],{"class":106},[20,157710,157],{},[65,157712,157714],{"className":67,"code":157713,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"(40, 50, 60)\n",[15,157715,157716],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,157717,157718,157720,157722,157724,157726,157728,157730],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,157719,107],{"class":106},[74,157721,56345],{"class":167},[74,157723,249],{"class":106},[74,157725,4732],{"class":167},[74,157727,249],{"class":106},[74,157729,75737],{"class":167},[74,157731,260],{"class":106},[262,157733,157735],{"id":157734},"get-everything-except-the-last-item","Get everything except the last item",[65,157737,157739],{"className":67,"code":157738,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:-1])\n",[15,157740,157741,157769,157773],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,157742,157743,157745,157747,157749,157751,157753,157755,157757,157759,157761,157763,157765,157767],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,157744,3266],{"class":80},[74,157746,85],{"class":84},[74,157748,8892],{"class":106},[74,157750,1972],{"class":167},[74,157752,249],{"class":106},[74,157754,7446],{"class":167},[74,157756,249],{"class":106},[74,157758,7451],{"class":167},[74,157760,249],{"class":106},[74,157762,50495],{"class":167},[74,157764,249],{"class":106},[74,157766,4732],{"class":167},[74,157768,260],{"class":106},[74,157770,157771],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,157772,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,157774,157775,157777,157779,157781,157783,157785,157787],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,157776,103],{"class":102},[74,157778,107],{"class":106},[74,157780,3298],{"class":110},[74,157782,75174],{"class":106},[74,157784,1669],{"class":84},[74,157786,2632],{"class":167},[74,157788,751],{"class":106},[20,157790,157],{},[65,157792,157794],{"className":67,"code":157793,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,157795,157796],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,157797,157798,157800,157802,157804,157806,157808,157810,157812,157814],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,157799,107],{"class":106},[74,157801,1972],{"class":167},[74,157803,249],{"class":106},[74,157805,7446],{"class":167},[74,157807,249],{"class":106},[74,157809,7451],{"class":167},[74,157811,249],{"class":106},[74,157813,50495],{"class":167},[74,157815,260],{"class":106},[20,157817,157818,157819,114],{},"Negative values are especially helpful when the tuple size may change. If you want to check the size first, see ",[125,157820,150377],{"href":156711},[60,157822,157824],{"id":157823},"step-values-and-reversing","Step values and reversing",[20,157826,1627,157827,157829],{},[15,157828,75068],{}," value controls how slicing moves.",[30,157831,157832,157834,157836,157842],{},[33,157833,76203],{},[33,157835,76206],{},[33,157837,157838,157841],{},[15,157839,157840],{},"tuple[::-1]"," is a common way to reverse a tuple",[33,157843,157844,157845,157847],{},"A step of ",[15,157846,327],{}," is not allowed",[20,157849,157850],{},"Example with a positive step:",[65,157852,157854],{"className":67,"code":157853,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:6:2])\n",[15,157855,157856,157888,157892],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,157857,157858,157860,157862,157864,157866,157868,157870,157872,157874,157876,157878,157880,157882,157884,157886],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,157859,3266],{"class":80},[74,157861,85],{"class":84},[74,157863,8892],{"class":106},[74,157865,1972],{"class":167},[74,157867,249],{"class":106},[74,157869,7446],{"class":167},[74,157871,249],{"class":106},[74,157873,7451],{"class":167},[74,157875,249],{"class":106},[74,157877,50495],{"class":167},[74,157879,249],{"class":106},[74,157881,4732],{"class":167},[74,157883,249],{"class":106},[74,157885,75737],{"class":167},[74,157887,260],{"class":106},[74,157889,157890],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,157891,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,157893,157894,157896,157898,157900,157902,157904,157906,157908,157910,157912],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,157895,103],{"class":102},[74,157897,107],{"class":106},[74,157899,3298],{"class":110},[74,157901,742],{"class":106},[74,157903,2632],{"class":167},[74,157905,679],{"class":106},[74,157907,80231],{"class":167},[74,157909,679],{"class":106},[74,157911,687],{"class":167},[74,157913,751],{"class":106},[20,157915,157],{},[65,157917,157919],{"className":67,"code":157918,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"(20, 40, 60)\n",[15,157920,157921],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,157922,157923,157925,157927,157929,157931,157933,157935],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,157924,107],{"class":106},[74,157926,15412],{"class":167},[74,157928,249],{"class":106},[74,157930,50495],{"class":167},[74,157932,249],{"class":106},[74,157934,75737],{"class":167},[74,157936,260],{"class":106},[20,157938,157939],{},"Example with a negative step:",[65,157941,157943],{"className":67,"code":157942,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])\n",[15,157944,157945,157973,157977],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,157946,157947,157949,157951,157953,157955,157957,157959,157961,157963,157965,157967,157969,157971],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,157948,3266],{"class":80},[74,157950,85],{"class":84},[74,157952,8892],{"class":106},[74,157954,1972],{"class":167},[74,157956,249],{"class":106},[74,157958,7446],{"class":167},[74,157960,249],{"class":106},[74,157962,7451],{"class":167},[74,157964,249],{"class":106},[74,157966,50495],{"class":167},[74,157968,249],{"class":106},[74,157970,4732],{"class":167},[74,157972,260],{"class":106},[74,157974,157975],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,157976,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,157978,157979,157981,157983,157985,157987,157989,157991,157993,157995,157997,157999],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,157980,103],{"class":102},[74,157982,107],{"class":106},[74,157984,3298],{"class":110},[74,157986,742],{"class":106},[74,157988,2148],{"class":167},[74,157990,679],{"class":106},[74,157992,2632],{"class":167},[74,157994,679],{"class":106},[74,157996,1669],{"class":84},[74,157998,2632],{"class":167},[74,158000,751],{"class":106},[20,158002,157],{},[65,158004,158006],{"className":67,"code":158005,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"(50, 40, 30)\n",[15,158007,158008],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,158009,158010,158012,158014,158016,158018,158020,158022],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,158011,107],{"class":106},[74,158013,76431],{"class":167},[74,158015,249],{"class":106},[74,158017,50495],{"class":167},[74,158019,249],{"class":106},[74,158021,7451],{"class":167},[74,158023,260],{"class":106},[20,158025,158026],{},"Be careful with this invalid slice:",[65,158028,158030],{"className":67,"code":158029,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,158031,158032,158052,158056],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,158033,158034,158036,158038,158040,158042,158044,158046,158048,158050],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,158035,3266],{"class":80},[74,158037,85],{"class":84},[74,158039,8892],{"class":106},[74,158041,1972],{"class":167},[74,158043,249],{"class":106},[74,158045,7446],{"class":167},[74,158047,249],{"class":106},[74,158049,7451],{"class":167},[74,158051,260],{"class":106},[74,158053,158054],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,158055,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,158057,158058,158060,158062,158064,158066,158068],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,158059,103],{"class":102},[74,158061,107],{"class":106},[74,158063,3298],{"class":110},[74,158065,73761],{"class":106},[74,158067,327],{"class":167},[74,158069,751],{"class":106},[20,158071,158072],{},"This raises an error because the step cannot be zero.",[60,158074,158076],{"id":158075},"what-slicing-returns","What slicing returns",[20,158078,158079,158080,33399],{},"A tuple slice returns a ",[332,158081,48605],{},[262,158083,158085],{"id":158084},"a-normal-slice-returns-a-tuple","A normal slice returns a tuple",[65,158087,158089],{"className":67,"code":158088,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nresult = numbers[1:3]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,158090,158091,158115,158119,158137,158141,158151],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,158092,158093,158095,158097,158099,158101,158103,158105,158107,158109,158111,158113],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,158094,3266],{"class":80},[74,158096,85],{"class":84},[74,158098,8892],{"class":106},[74,158100,1972],{"class":167},[74,158102,249],{"class":106},[74,158104,7446],{"class":167},[74,158106,249],{"class":106},[74,158108,7451],{"class":167},[74,158110,249],{"class":106},[74,158112,50495],{"class":167},[74,158114,260],{"class":106},[74,158116,158117],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,158118,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,158120,158121,158123,158125,158127,158129,158131,158133,158135],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,158122,383],{"class":80},[74,158124,85],{"class":84},[74,158126,3914],{"class":80},[74,158128,742],{"class":106},[74,158130,2632],{"class":167},[74,158132,679],{"class":106},[74,158134,321],{"class":167},[74,158136,3284],{"class":106},[74,158138,158139],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,158140,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,158142,158143,158145,158147,158149],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,158144,103],{"class":102},[74,158146,107],{"class":106},[74,158148,418],{"class":110},[74,158150,260],{"class":106},[74,158152,158153,158155,158157,158159,158161,158163],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,158154,103],{"class":102},[74,158156,107],{"class":106},[74,158158,1346],{"class":1345},[74,158160,107],{"class":106},[74,158162,418],{"class":110},[74,158164,130],{"class":106},[20,158166,157],{},[65,158168,158170],{"className":67,"code":158169,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"(20, 30)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,158171,158172,158184],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,158173,158174,158176,158178,158180,158182],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,158175,107],{"class":106},[74,158177,15412],{"class":167},[74,158179,249],{"class":106},[74,158181,7451],{"class":167},[74,158183,260],{"class":106},[74,158185,158186,158188,158190,158192,158194,158196],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,158187,2935],{"class":84},[74,158189,2938],{"class":1711},[74,158191,2941],{"class":88},[74,158193,48605],{"class":92},[74,158195,2946],{"class":88},[74,158197,2949],{"class":84},[262,158199,158201],{"id":158200},"a-one-item-slice-is-still-a-tuple","A one-item slice is still a tuple",[65,158203,158205],{"className":67,"code":158204,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nresult = numbers[1:2]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,158206,158207,158227,158231,158249,158253,158263],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,158208,158209,158211,158213,158215,158217,158219,158221,158223,158225],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,158210,3266],{"class":80},[74,158212,85],{"class":84},[74,158214,8892],{"class":106},[74,158216,1972],{"class":167},[74,158218,249],{"class":106},[74,158220,7446],{"class":167},[74,158222,249],{"class":106},[74,158224,7451],{"class":167},[74,158226,260],{"class":106},[74,158228,158229],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,158230,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,158232,158233,158235,158237,158239,158241,158243,158245,158247],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,158234,383],{"class":80},[74,158236,85],{"class":84},[74,158238,3914],{"class":80},[74,158240,742],{"class":106},[74,158242,2632],{"class":167},[74,158244,679],{"class":106},[74,158246,687],{"class":167},[74,158248,3284],{"class":106},[74,158250,158251],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,158252,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,158254,158255,158257,158259,158261],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,158256,103],{"class":102},[74,158258,107],{"class":106},[74,158260,418],{"class":110},[74,158262,260],{"class":106},[74,158264,158265,158267,158269,158271,158273,158275],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,158266,103],{"class":102},[74,158268,107],{"class":106},[74,158270,1346],{"class":1345},[74,158272,107],{"class":106},[74,158274,418],{"class":110},[74,158276,130],{"class":106},[20,158278,157],{},[65,158280,158282],{"className":67,"code":158281,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"(20,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,158283,158284,158292],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,158285,158286,158288,158290],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,158287,107],{"class":106},[74,158289,15412],{"class":167},[74,158291,148811],{"class":106},[74,158293,158294,158296,158298,158300,158302,158304],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,158295,2935],{"class":84},[74,158297,2938],{"class":1711},[74,158299,2941],{"class":88},[74,158301,48605],{"class":92},[74,158303,2946],{"class":88},[74,158305,2949],{"class":84},[262,158307,158309],{"id":158308},"an-empty-slice-returns-an-empty-tuple","An empty slice returns an empty tuple",[65,158311,158313],{"className":67,"code":158312,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5:8])\n",[15,158314,158315,158335,158339],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,158316,158317,158319,158321,158323,158325,158327,158329,158331,158333],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,158318,3266],{"class":80},[74,158320,85],{"class":84},[74,158322,8892],{"class":106},[74,158324,1972],{"class":167},[74,158326,249],{"class":106},[74,158328,7446],{"class":167},[74,158330,249],{"class":106},[74,158332,7451],{"class":167},[74,158334,260],{"class":106},[74,158336,158337],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,158338,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,158340,158341,158343,158345,158347,158349,158351,158353,158355],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,158342,103],{"class":102},[74,158344,107],{"class":106},[74,158346,3298],{"class":110},[74,158348,742],{"class":106},[74,158350,711],{"class":167},[74,158352,679],{"class":106},[74,158354,1987],{"class":167},[74,158356,751],{"class":106},[20,158358,157],{},[65,158360,158361],{"className":67,"code":8299,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,158362,158363],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,158364,158365],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,158366,8299],{"class":106},[20,158368,158369,158370,114],{},"If you need help creating tuples correctly, including one-item tuples, see ",[125,158371,155547],{"href":150434},[60,158373,158375],{"id":158374},"tuple-slicing-vs-tuple-indexing","Tuple slicing vs tuple indexing",[20,158377,158378],{},"Slicing and indexing are related, but they are not the same.",[30,158380,158381,158383,158386,158391],{},[33,158382,76512],{},[33,158384,158385],{},"Slicing gets multiple items or a range",[33,158387,158388,158389],{},"Indexing can raise ",[15,158390,70372],{},[33,158392,158393],{},"Slicing usually returns an empty tuple if the range does not match",[20,158395,506],{},[65,158397,158399],{"className":67,"code":158398,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[1])    # one item\nprint(numbers[1:5])  # slice\nprint(numbers[5:8])  # empty slice\n",[15,158400,158401,158421,158425,158442,158463],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,158402,158403,158405,158407,158409,158411,158413,158415,158417,158419],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,158404,3266],{"class":80},[74,158406,85],{"class":84},[74,158408,8892],{"class":106},[74,158410,1972],{"class":167},[74,158412,249],{"class":106},[74,158414,7446],{"class":167},[74,158416,249],{"class":106},[74,158418,7451],{"class":167},[74,158420,260],{"class":106},[74,158422,158423],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,158424,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,158426,158427,158429,158431,158433,158435,158437,158439],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,158428,103],{"class":102},[74,158430,107],{"class":106},[74,158432,3298],{"class":110},[74,158434,742],{"class":106},[74,158436,2632],{"class":167},[74,158438,20101],{"class":106},[74,158440,158441],{"class":3314},"    # one item\n",[74,158443,158444,158446,158448,158450,158452,158454,158456,158458,158460],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,158445,103],{"class":102},[74,158447,107],{"class":106},[74,158449,3298],{"class":110},[74,158451,742],{"class":106},[74,158453,2632],{"class":167},[74,158455,679],{"class":106},[74,158457,711],{"class":167},[74,158459,20101],{"class":106},[74,158461,158462],{"class":3314},"  # slice\n",[74,158464,158465,158467,158469,158471,158473,158475,158477,158479,158481],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,158466,103],{"class":102},[74,158468,107],{"class":106},[74,158470,3298],{"class":110},[74,158472,742],{"class":106},[74,158474,711],{"class":167},[74,158476,679],{"class":106},[74,158478,1987],{"class":167},[74,158480,20101],{"class":106},[74,158482,158483],{"class":3314},"  # empty slice\n",[20,158485,157],{},[65,158487,158489],{"className":67,"code":158488,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"20\n(20, 30)\n()\n",[15,158490,158491,158495,158507],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,158492,158493],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,158494,70864],{"class":167},[74,158496,158497,158499,158501,158503,158505],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,158498,107],{"class":106},[74,158500,15412],{"class":167},[74,158502,249],{"class":106},[74,158504,7451],{"class":167},[74,158506,260],{"class":106},[74,158508,158509],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,158510,8299],{"class":106},[20,158512,158513],{},"Now compare that with invalid indexing:",[65,158515,158517],{"className":67,"code":158516,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,158518,158519,158539,158543],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,158520,158521,158523,158525,158527,158529,158531,158533,158535,158537],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,158522,3266],{"class":80},[74,158524,85],{"class":84},[74,158526,8892],{"class":106},[74,158528,1972],{"class":167},[74,158530,249],{"class":106},[74,158532,7446],{"class":167},[74,158534,249],{"class":106},[74,158536,7451],{"class":167},[74,158538,260],{"class":106},[74,158540,158541],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,158542,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,158544,158545,158547,158549,158551,158553,158555],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,158546,103],{"class":102},[74,158548,107],{"class":106},[74,158550,3298],{"class":110},[74,158552,742],{"class":106},[74,158554,711],{"class":167},[74,158556,751],{"class":106},[20,158558,158559,158560,158562,158563,114],{},"This raises an ",[15,158561,70372],{},". If you run into that problem, read ",[125,158564,154300],{"href":158565},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix",[60,158567,14834],{"id":76779},[20,158569,158570],{},"These are the most common tuple slicing mistakes:",[30,158572,158573,158576,158578,158581],{},[33,158574,158575],{},"Thinking the stop index is included",[33,158577,60340],{},[33,158579,158580],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original tuple",[33,158582,158583,158584],{},"Forgetting that step cannot be ",[15,158585,327],{},[20,158587,158588],{},"Here are a few examples.",[262,158590,158592],{"id":158591},"mistake-thinking-the-stop-index-is-included","Mistake: thinking the stop index is included",[65,158594,158595],{"className":67,"code":157395,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,158596,158597,158625,158629],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,158598,158599,158601,158603,158605,158607,158609,158611,158613,158615,158617,158619,158621,158623],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,158600,3266],{"class":80},[74,158602,85],{"class":84},[74,158604,8892],{"class":106},[74,158606,1972],{"class":167},[74,158608,249],{"class":106},[74,158610,7446],{"class":167},[74,158612,249],{"class":106},[74,158614,7451],{"class":167},[74,158616,249],{"class":106},[74,158618,50495],{"class":167},[74,158620,249],{"class":106},[74,158622,4732],{"class":167},[74,158624,260],{"class":106},[74,158626,158627],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,158628,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,158630,158631,158633,158635,158637,158639,158641,158643,158645],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,158632,103],{"class":102},[74,158634,107],{"class":106},[74,158636,3298],{"class":110},[74,158638,742],{"class":106},[74,158640,2632],{"class":167},[74,158642,679],{"class":106},[74,158644,2148],{"class":167},[74,158646,751],{"class":106},[20,158648,157],{},[65,158650,158651],{"className":67,"code":157452,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,158652,158653],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,158654,158655,158657,158659,158661,158663,158665,158667],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,158656,107],{"class":106},[74,158658,15412],{"class":167},[74,158660,249],{"class":106},[74,158662,7451],{"class":167},[74,158664,249],{"class":106},[74,158666,50495],{"class":167},[74,158668,260],{"class":106},[20,158670,131879,158671,158673],{},[15,158672,2148],{}," is not included.",[262,158675,158677],{"id":158676},"mistake-using-parentheses","Mistake: using parentheses",[20,158679,4177],{},[65,158681,158683],{"className":67,"code":158682,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\n# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[15,158684,158685,158709,158713],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,158686,158687,158689,158691,158693,158695,158697,158699,158701,158703,158705,158707],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,158688,3266],{"class":80},[74,158690,85],{"class":84},[74,158692,8892],{"class":106},[74,158694,1972],{"class":167},[74,158696,249],{"class":106},[74,158698,7446],{"class":167},[74,158700,249],{"class":106},[74,158702,7451],{"class":167},[74,158704,249],{"class":106},[74,158706,50495],{"class":167},[74,158708,260],{"class":106},[74,158710,158711],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,158712,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,158714,158715],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,158716,158717],{"class":3314},"# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[20,158719,158720],{},"Use square brackets instead:",[65,158722,158723],{"className":67,"code":154380,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,158724,158725,158749,158753],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,158726,158727,158729,158731,158733,158735,158737,158739,158741,158743,158745,158747],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,158728,3266],{"class":80},[74,158730,85],{"class":84},[74,158732,8892],{"class":106},[74,158734,1972],{"class":167},[74,158736,249],{"class":106},[74,158738,7446],{"class":167},[74,158740,249],{"class":106},[74,158742,7451],{"class":167},[74,158744,249],{"class":106},[74,158746,50495],{"class":167},[74,158748,260],{"class":106},[74,158750,158751],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,158752,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,158754,158755,158757,158759,158761,158763,158765,158767,158769],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,158756,103],{"class":102},[74,158758,107],{"class":106},[74,158760,3298],{"class":110},[74,158762,742],{"class":106},[74,158764,2632],{"class":167},[74,158766,679],{"class":106},[74,158768,321],{"class":167},[74,158770,751],{"class":106},[262,158772,158774],{"id":158773},"mistake-expecting-the-original-tuple-to-change","Mistake: expecting the original tuple to change",[65,158776,158778],{"className":67,"code":158777,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nslice_result = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(slice_result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,158779,158780,158804,158808,158823,158827,158838],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,158781,158782,158784,158786,158788,158790,158792,158794,158796,158798,158800,158802],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,158783,3266],{"class":80},[74,158785,85],{"class":84},[74,158787,8892],{"class":106},[74,158789,1972],{"class":167},[74,158791,249],{"class":106},[74,158793,7446],{"class":167},[74,158795,249],{"class":106},[74,158797,7451],{"class":167},[74,158799,249],{"class":106},[74,158801,50495],{"class":167},[74,158803,260],{"class":106},[74,158805,158806],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,158807,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,158809,158810,158813,158815,158817,158819,158821],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,158811,158812],{"class":80},"slice_result ",[74,158814,85],{"class":84},[74,158816,3914],{"class":80},[74,158818,75174],{"class":106},[74,158820,687],{"class":167},[74,158822,3284],{"class":106},[74,158824,158825],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,158826,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,158828,158829,158831,158833,158836],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,158830,103],{"class":102},[74,158832,107],{"class":106},[74,158834,158835],{"class":110},"slice_result",[74,158837,260],{"class":106},[74,158839,158840,158842,158844,158846],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,158841,103],{"class":102},[74,158843,107],{"class":106},[74,158845,3298],{"class":110},[74,158847,260],{"class":106},[20,158849,157],{},[65,158851,158853],{"className":67,"code":158852,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"(10, 20)\n(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,158854,158855,158867],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,158856,158857,158859,158861,158863,158865],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,158858,107],{"class":106},[74,158860,1972],{"class":167},[74,158862,249],{"class":106},[74,158864,7446],{"class":167},[74,158866,260],{"class":106},[74,158868,158869,158871,158873,158875,158877,158879,158881,158883,158885],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,158870,107],{"class":106},[74,158872,1972],{"class":167},[74,158874,249],{"class":106},[74,158876,7446],{"class":167},[74,158878,249],{"class":106},[74,158880,7451],{"class":167},[74,158882,249],{"class":106},[74,158884,50495],{"class":167},[74,158886,260],{"class":106},[20,158888,158889],{},"The original tuple is unchanged.",[60,158891,113362],{"id":113361},[20,158893,158894],{},"Many tuple slicing problems come from a few simple misunderstandings:",[30,158896,158897,158900,158903,158909,158912],{},[33,158898,158899],{},"Confusing slicing with indexing",[33,158901,158902],{},"Expecting the stop index to be included",[33,158904,158905,158906],{},"Using a zero step like ",[15,158907,158908],{},"tuple[::0]",[33,158910,158911],{},"Assuming tuple slices return a list",[33,158913,158914],{},"Using parentheses instead of brackets",[20,158916,158917],{},"If your slice is not giving the result you expect, print the tuple, the slice, and its type.",[65,158919,158921],{"className":67,"code":158920,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple[1:4])\nprint(type(my_tuple[1:4]))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,158922,158923,158933,158951,158973],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,158924,158925,158927,158929,158931],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,158926,103],{"class":102},[74,158928,107],{"class":106},[74,158930,147473],{"class":110},[74,158932,260],{"class":106},[74,158934,158935,158937,158939,158941,158943,158945,158947,158949],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,158936,103],{"class":102},[74,158938,107],{"class":106},[74,158940,147473],{"class":110},[74,158942,742],{"class":106},[74,158944,2632],{"class":167},[74,158946,679],{"class":106},[74,158948,2148],{"class":167},[74,158950,751],{"class":106},[74,158952,158953,158955,158957,158959,158961,158963,158965,158967,158969,158971],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,158954,103],{"class":102},[74,158956,107],{"class":106},[74,158958,1346],{"class":1345},[74,158960,107],{"class":106},[74,158962,147473],{"class":110},[74,158964,742],{"class":106},[74,158966,2632],{"class":167},[74,158968,679],{"class":106},[74,158970,2148],{"class":167},[74,158972,2643],{"class":106},[74,158974,158975,158977,158979,158981,158983,158985],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,158976,103],{"class":102},[74,158978,107],{"class":106},[74,158980,10820],{"class":102},[74,158982,107],{"class":106},[74,158984,147473],{"class":110},[74,158986,130],{"class":106},[20,158988,10829],{},[30,158990,158991,158993,158996,158999],{},[33,158992,154687],{},[33,158994,158995],{},"what the slice actually returns",[33,158997,158998],{},"that the result is a tuple",[33,159000,159001],{},"how many items are in the original tuple",[60,159003,1471],{"id":1470},[262,159005,159007],{"id":159006},"does-tuple-slicing-change-the-original-tuple","Does tuple slicing change the original tuple?",[20,159009,159010],{},"No. It returns a new tuple and leaves the original tuple unchanged.",[262,159012,159014],{"id":159013},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-tuple-slice","Is the stop index included in a tuple slice?",[20,159016,159017],{},"No. The stop index is excluded.",[262,159019,1495,159021,39617],{"id":159020},"what-does-tuple-1-do",[15,159022,157840],{},[20,159024,159025],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the tuple.",[262,159027,159029,159030,2135],{"id":159028},"can-tuple-slicing-cause-an-indexerror","Can tuple slicing cause an ",[15,159031,70372],{},[20,159033,159034,159035,114],{},"Normal slicing usually does not. Invalid indexing is more likely to cause ",[15,159036,70372],{},[60,159038,1527],{"id":1526},[30,159040,159041,159045,159049,159053,159057],{},[33,159042,159043],{},[125,159044,155547],{"href":150434},[33,159046,159047],{},[125,159048,149128],{"href":152554},[33,159050,159051],{},[125,159052,150377],{"href":156711},[33,159054,159055],{},[125,159056,147455],{"href":157073},[33,159058,159059],{},[125,159060,154300],{"href":158565},[1566,159062,159063],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":70,"searchDepth":99,"depth":99,"links":159065},[159066,159067,159068,159069,159077,159081,159082,159087,159088,159093,159094,159102],{"id":62,"depth":99,"text":63},{"id":156873,"depth":99,"text":156874},{"id":157076,"depth":99,"text":157077},{"id":75653,"depth":99,"text":75654,"children":159070},[159071,159073,159074,159075,159076],{"id":157234,"depth":133,"text":159072},"Get the first n items",{"id":157313,"depth":133,"text":157314},{"id":157391,"depth":133,"text":157392},{"id":157473,"depth":133,"text":157474},{"id":157555,"depth":133,"text":157556},{"id":75946,"depth":99,"text":75947,"children":159078},[159079,159080],{"id":157650,"depth":133,"text":157651},{"id":157734,"depth":133,"text":157735},{"id":157823,"depth":99,"text":157824},{"id":158075,"depth":99,"text":158076,"children":159083},[159084,159085,159086],{"id":158084,"depth":133,"text":158085},{"id":158200,"depth":133,"text":158201},{"id":158308,"depth":133,"text":158309},{"id":158374,"depth":99,"text":158375},{"id":76779,"depth":99,"text":14834,"children":159089},[159090,159091,159092],{"id":158591,"depth":133,"text":158592},{"id":158676,"depth":133,"text":158677},{"id":158773,"depth":133,"text":158774},{"id":113361,"depth":99,"text":113362},{"id":1470,"depth":99,"text":1471,"children":159095},[159096,159097,159098,159100],{"id":159006,"depth":133,"text":159007},{"id":159013,"depth":133,"text":159014},{"id":159020,"depth":133,"text":159099},"What does tuple[::-1] do?",{"id":159028,"depth":133,"text":159101},"Can tuple slicing cause an IndexError?",{"id":1526,"depth":99,"text":1527},"Master python tuple slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained",{"title":156717,"description":159103},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained","ROkj949_3FkekNafMx2xqeTKvYABAUil42nCZh0Pr8s",{"id":159110,"title":159111,"body":159112,"description":160935,"extension":1610,"meta":160936,"navigation":407,"path":34465,"seo":160937,"stem":160938,"__hash__":160939},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained.md","Python type() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":159113,"toc":160901},[159114,159119,159124,159128,159146,159149,159164,159170,159172,159229,159231,159263,159275,159281,159286,159289,159324,159330,159332,159335,159349,159352,159354,159377,159379,159397,159400,159416,159418,159421,159534,159536,159625,159628,159633,159639,159642,159645,159744,159746,159805,159810,159813,159882,159886,159918,159934,159939,159946,159953,159965,159967,160016,160018,160041,160047,160095,160100,160107,160115,160121,160124,160148,160151,160153,160229,160231,160256,160262,160265,160270,160274,160288,160290,160353,160355,160387,160390,160406,160408,160414,160421,160423,160442,160444,160462,160469,160474,160481,160483,160520,160523,160530,160534,160537,160595,160598,160601,160656,160658,160670,160676,160678,160682,160715,160722,160724,160787,160790,160792,160797,160811,160818,160826,160835,160844,160850,160856,160858,160898],[10,159115,3223,159117,3227],{"id":159116},"python-type-function-explained",[15,159118,1943],{},[20,159120,31974,159121,159123],{},[15,159122,1943],{}," function tells you what kind of value an object is.",[20,159125,62414,159126,104206],{},[15,159127,1943],{},[30,159129,159130,159133,159136,159139],{},[33,159131,159132],{},"check whether a value is a string, number, list, or dictionary",[33,159134,159135],{},"understand what a variable currently contains",[33,159137,159138],{},"debug confusing code",[33,159140,159141,159142],{},"inspect values returned by functions such as ",[125,159143,159144],{"href":7877},[15,159145,2601],{},[20,159147,159148],{},"In most beginner code, you will use the one-argument form:",[65,159150,159152],{"className":67,"code":159151,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"type(object)\n",[15,159153,159154],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,159155,159156,159158,159160,159162],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,159157,1346],{"class":1345},[74,159159,107],{"class":106},[74,159161,42054],{"class":1345},[74,159163,260],{"class":106},[20,159165,159166,159167,159169],{},"Python also has a three-argument form of ",[15,159168,1943],{},", but that is an advanced feature for creating classes dynamically.",[60,159171,3256],{"id":3255},[65,159173,159175],{"className":67,"code":159174,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(type(name))\n\nnumber = 10\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,159176,159177,159189,159203,159207,159215],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,159178,159179,159181,159183,159185,159187],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,159180,7533],{"class":80},[74,159182,85],{"class":84},[74,159184,89],{"class":88},[74,159186,4655],{"class":92},[74,159188,96],{"class":88},[74,159190,159191,159193,159195,159197,159199,159201],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,159192,103],{"class":102},[74,159194,107],{"class":106},[74,159196,1346],{"class":1345},[74,159198,107],{"class":106},[74,159200,7323],{"class":110},[74,159202,130],{"class":106},[74,159204,159205],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,159206,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,159208,159209,159211,159213],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,159210,1859],{"class":80},[74,159212,85],{"class":84},[74,159214,2231],{"class":167},[74,159216,159217,159219,159221,159223,159225,159227],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,159218,103],{"class":102},[74,159220,107],{"class":106},[74,159222,1346],{"class":1345},[74,159224,107],{"class":106},[74,159226,1881],{"class":110},[74,159228,130],{"class":106},[20,159230,157],{},[65,159232,159233],{"className":67,"code":124540,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,159234,159235,159249],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,159236,159237,159239,159241,159243,159245,159247],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,159238,2935],{"class":84},[74,159240,2938],{"class":1711},[74,159242,2941],{"class":88},[74,159244,3090],{"class":92},[74,159246,2946],{"class":88},[74,159248,2949],{"class":84},[74,159250,159251,159253,159255,159257,159259,159261],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,159252,2935],{"class":84},[74,159254,2938],{"class":1711},[74,159256,2941],{"class":88},[74,159258,1831],{"class":92},[74,159260,2946],{"class":88},[74,159262,2949],{"class":84},[20,159264,176,159265,159268,159269,51,159272,114],{},[15,159266,159267],{},"type(value)"," to see the type of a value or variable. Output will look like ",[15,159270,159271],{},"\u003Cclass 'str'>",[15,159273,159274],{},"\u003Cclass 'int'>",[60,159276,184,159278,159280],{"id":159277},"what-the-type-function-does",[15,159279,1943],{}," function does",[20,159282,159283,159285],{},[15,159284,1943],{}," returns the type of an object.",[20,159287,159288],{},"A type tells you what kind of value something is. For example:",[30,159290,159291,159296,159301,159306,159311,159316],{},[33,159292,159293,159295],{},[15,159294,3090],{}," for text",[33,159297,159298,159300],{},[15,159299,1831],{}," for whole numbers",[33,159302,159303,159305],{},[15,159304,1834],{}," for decimal numbers",[33,159307,159308,159310],{},[15,159309,7751],{}," for lists",[33,159312,159313,159315],{},[15,159314,8477],{}," for dictionaries",[33,159317,159318,68736,159320,51,159322],{},[15,159319,3520],{},[15,159321,338],{},[15,159323,342],{},[20,159325,159326,159327,159329],{},"This is especially useful while debugging. If your code is behaving strangely, ",[15,159328,1943],{}," can help you confirm what kind of value you are actually working with.",[60,159331,227],{"id":226},[20,159333,159334],{},"The main beginner form is:",[65,159336,159337],{"className":67,"code":159151,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,159338,159339],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,159340,159341,159343,159345,159347],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,159342,1346],{"class":1345},[74,159344,107],{"class":106},[74,159346,42054],{"class":1345},[74,159348,260],{"class":106},[20,159350,159351],{},"It returns the class of the object.",[20,159353,506],{},[65,159355,159357],{"className":67,"code":159356,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(type(\"hello\"))\n",[15,159358,159359],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,159360,159361,159363,159365,159367,159369,159371,159373,159375],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,159362,103],{"class":102},[74,159364,107],{"class":106},[74,159366,1346],{"class":1345},[74,159368,107],{"class":106},[74,159370,122],{"class":88},[74,159372,3497],{"class":92},[74,159374,122],{"class":88},[74,159376,130],{"class":106},[20,159378,157],{},[65,159380,159381],{"className":67,"code":45424,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,159382,159383],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,159384,159385,159387,159389,159391,159393,159395],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,159386,2935],{"class":84},[74,159388,2938],{"class":1711},[74,159390,2941],{"class":88},[74,159392,3090],{"class":92},[74,159394,2946],{"class":88},[74,159396,2949],{"class":84},[20,159398,159399],{},"You can pass either:",[30,159401,159402,159409],{},[33,159403,159404,159405,339,159407],{},"a literal value such as ",[15,159406,791],{},[15,159408,46180],{},[33,159410,159411,159412,339,159414],{},"a variable such as ",[15,159413,7323],{},[15,159415,8955],{},[60,159417,121521],{"id":121520},[20,159419,159420],{},"Here are a few common examples.",[65,159422,159424],{"className":67,"code":159423,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(type(\"hello\"))\nprint(type(10))\nprint(type(3.14))\nprint(type([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(type({\"name\": \"Alice\"}))\nprint(type(True))\n",[15,159425,159426,159444,159458,159472,159494,159520],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,159427,159428,159430,159432,159434,159436,159438,159440,159442],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,159429,103],{"class":102},[74,159431,107],{"class":106},[74,159433,1346],{"class":1345},[74,159435,107],{"class":106},[74,159437,122],{"class":88},[74,159439,3497],{"class":92},[74,159441,122],{"class":88},[74,159443,130],{"class":106},[74,159445,159446,159448,159450,159452,159454,159456],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,159447,103],{"class":102},[74,159449,107],{"class":106},[74,159451,1346],{"class":1345},[74,159453,107],{"class":106},[74,159455,1972],{"class":167},[74,159457,130],{"class":106},[74,159459,159460,159462,159464,159466,159468,159470],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,159461,103],{"class":102},[74,159463,107],{"class":106},[74,159465,1346],{"class":1345},[74,159467,107],{"class":106},[74,159469,39800],{"class":167},[74,159471,130],{"class":106},[74,159473,159474,159476,159478,159480,159482,159484,159486,159488,159490,159492],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,159475,103],{"class":102},[74,159477,107],{"class":106},[74,159479,1346],{"class":1345},[74,159481,2629],{"class":106},[74,159483,2632],{"class":167},[74,159485,249],{"class":106},[74,159487,620],{"class":167},[74,159489,249],{"class":106},[74,159491,2094],{"class":167},[74,159493,2643],{"class":106},[74,159495,159496,159498,159500,159502,159504,159506,159508,159510,159512,159514,159516,159518],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,159497,103],{"class":102},[74,159499,107],{"class":106},[74,159501,1346],{"class":1345},[74,159503,5180],{"class":106},[74,159505,122],{"class":88},[74,159507,7323],{"class":92},[74,159509,122],{"class":88},[74,159511,679],{"class":106},[74,159513,89],{"class":88},[74,159515,4655],{"class":92},[74,159517,122],{"class":88},[74,159519,5189],{"class":106},[74,159521,159522,159524,159526,159528,159530,159532],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,159523,103],{"class":102},[74,159525,107],{"class":106},[74,159527,1346],{"class":1345},[74,159529,107],{"class":106},[74,159531,338],{"class":3504},[74,159533,130],{"class":106},[20,159535,157],{},[65,159537,159539],{"className":67,"code":159538,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'bool'>\n",[15,159540,159541,159555,159569,159583,159597,159611],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,159542,159543,159545,159547,159549,159551,159553],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,159544,2935],{"class":84},[74,159546,2938],{"class":1711},[74,159548,2941],{"class":88},[74,159550,3090],{"class":92},[74,159552,2946],{"class":88},[74,159554,2949],{"class":84},[74,159556,159557,159559,159561,159563,159565,159567],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,159558,2935],{"class":84},[74,159560,2938],{"class":1711},[74,159562,2941],{"class":88},[74,159564,1831],{"class":92},[74,159566,2946],{"class":88},[74,159568,2949],{"class":84},[74,159570,159571,159573,159575,159577,159579,159581],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,159572,2935],{"class":84},[74,159574,2938],{"class":1711},[74,159576,2941],{"class":88},[74,159578,1834],{"class":92},[74,159580,2946],{"class":88},[74,159582,2949],{"class":84},[74,159584,159585,159587,159589,159591,159593,159595],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,159586,2935],{"class":84},[74,159588,2938],{"class":1711},[74,159590,2941],{"class":88},[74,159592,7751],{"class":92},[74,159594,2946],{"class":88},[74,159596,2949],{"class":84},[74,159598,159599,159601,159603,159605,159607,159609],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,159600,2935],{"class":84},[74,159602,2938],{"class":1711},[74,159604,2941],{"class":88},[74,159606,8477],{"class":92},[74,159608,2946],{"class":88},[74,159610,2949],{"class":84},[74,159612,159613,159615,159617,159619,159621,159623],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,159614,2935],{"class":84},[74,159616,2938],{"class":1711},[74,159618,2941],{"class":88},[74,159620,3520],{"class":92},[74,159622,2946],{"class":88},[74,159624,2949],{"class":84},[20,159626,159627],{},"These results show the exact type of each value.",[20,159629,159630,159631,114],{},"If you are still learning Python data types, see ",[125,159632,44451],{"href":48630},[60,159634,571,159636,159638],{"id":159635},"using-type-with-variables",[15,159637,1943],{}," with variables",[20,159640,159641],{},"In Python, variables do not have one fixed type forever.",[20,159643,159644],{},"A variable can point to different kinds of values at different times.",[65,159646,159648],{"className":67,"code":159647,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"value = 10\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = \"ten\"\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = [10]\nprint(value, type(value))\n",[15,159649,159650,159658,159676,159680,159692,159710,159714,159726],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,159651,159652,159654,159656],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,159653,2089],{"class":80},[74,159655,85],{"class":84},[74,159657,2231],{"class":167},[74,159659,159660,159662,159664,159666,159668,159670,159672,159674],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,159661,103],{"class":102},[74,159663,107],{"class":106},[74,159665,246],{"class":110},[74,159667,249],{"class":106},[74,159669,49042],{"class":1345},[74,159671,107],{"class":106},[74,159673,246],{"class":110},[74,159675,130],{"class":106},[74,159677,159678],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,159679,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,159681,159682,159684,159686,159688,159690],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,159683,2089],{"class":80},[74,159685,85],{"class":84},[74,159687,89],{"class":88},[74,159689,45561],{"class":92},[74,159691,96],{"class":88},[74,159693,159694,159696,159698,159700,159702,159704,159706,159708],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,159695,103],{"class":102},[74,159697,107],{"class":106},[74,159699,246],{"class":110},[74,159701,249],{"class":106},[74,159703,49042],{"class":1345},[74,159705,107],{"class":106},[74,159707,246],{"class":110},[74,159709,130],{"class":106},[74,159711,159712],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,159713,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,159715,159716,159718,159720,159722,159724],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,159717,2089],{"class":80},[74,159719,85],{"class":84},[74,159721,3271],{"class":106},[74,159723,1972],{"class":167},[74,159725,3284],{"class":106},[74,159727,159728,159730,159732,159734,159736,159738,159740,159742],{"class":76,"line":6079},[74,159729,103],{"class":102},[74,159731,107],{"class":106},[74,159733,246],{"class":110},[74,159735,249],{"class":106},[74,159737,49042],{"class":1345},[74,159739,107],{"class":106},[74,159741,246],{"class":110},[74,159743,130],{"class":106},[20,159745,157],{},[65,159747,159749],{"className":67,"code":159748,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"10 \u003Cclass 'int'>\nten \u003Cclass 'str'>\n[10] \u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,159750,159751,159768,159785],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,159752,159753,159755,159758,159760,159762,159764,159766],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,159754,1972],{"class":167},[74,159756,159757],{"class":84}," \u003C",[74,159759,2938],{"class":1711},[74,159761,2941],{"class":88},[74,159763,1831],{"class":92},[74,159765,2946],{"class":88},[74,159767,2949],{"class":84},[74,159769,159770,159773,159775,159777,159779,159781,159783],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,159771,159772],{"class":80},"ten ",[74,159774,2935],{"class":84},[74,159776,2938],{"class":1711},[74,159778,2941],{"class":88},[74,159780,3090],{"class":92},[74,159782,2946],{"class":88},[74,159784,2949],{"class":84},[74,159786,159787,159789,159791,159793,159795,159797,159799,159801,159803],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,159788,742],{"class":106},[74,159790,1972],{"class":167},[74,159792,12930],{"class":106},[74,159794,159757],{"class":84},[74,159796,2938],{"class":1711},[74,159798,2941],{"class":88},[74,159800,7751],{"class":92},[74,159802,2946],{"class":88},[74,159804,2949],{"class":84},[20,159806,159807,159809],{},[15,159808,1943],{}," shows the current type of the value stored in the variable.",[20,159811,159812],{},"This is helpful when values come from user input or conversions.",[65,159814,159816],{"className":67,"code":159815,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"user_input = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(user_input))\n\nconverted = int(user_input)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,159817,159818,159836,159850,159854,159868],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,159819,159820,159822,159824,159826,159828,159830,159832,159834],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,159821,3037],{"class":80},[74,159823,85],{"class":84},[74,159825,7900],{"class":102},[74,159827,107],{"class":106},[74,159829,122],{"class":88},[74,159831,41526],{"class":92},[74,159833,122],{"class":88},[74,159835,260],{"class":106},[74,159837,159838,159840,159842,159844,159846,159848],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,159839,103],{"class":102},[74,159841,107],{"class":106},[74,159843,1346],{"class":1345},[74,159845,107],{"class":106},[74,159847,3064],{"class":110},[74,159849,130],{"class":106},[74,159851,159852],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,159853,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,159855,159856,159858,159860,159862,159864,159866],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,159857,122633],{"class":80},[74,159859,85],{"class":84},[74,159861,44930],{"class":1345},[74,159863,107],{"class":106},[74,159865,3064],{"class":110},[74,159867,260],{"class":106},[74,159869,159870,159872,159874,159876,159878,159880],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,159871,103],{"class":102},[74,159873,107],{"class":106},[74,159875,1346],{"class":1345},[74,159877,107],{"class":106},[74,159879,122656],{"class":110},[74,159881,130],{"class":106},[20,159883,40777,159884,40781],{},[15,159885,8849],{},[65,159887,159888],{"className":67,"code":124540,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,159889,159890,159904],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,159891,159892,159894,159896,159898,159900,159902],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,159893,2935],{"class":84},[74,159895,2938],{"class":1711},[74,159897,2941],{"class":88},[74,159899,3090],{"class":92},[74,159901,2946],{"class":88},[74,159903,2949],{"class":84},[74,159905,159906,159908,159910,159912,159914,159916],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,159907,2935],{"class":84},[74,159909,2938],{"class":1711},[74,159911,2941],{"class":88},[74,159913,1831],{"class":92},[74,159915,2946],{"class":88},[74,159917,2949],{"class":84},[20,159919,45357,159920,159924,159925,339,159929,159933],{},[125,159921,159922],{"href":7877},[15,159923,2601],{}," always returns a string. You must convert it with a function like ",[125,159926,159927],{"href":2518},[15,159928,2521],{},[125,159930,159931],{"href":2524},[15,159932,2527],{}," if you need a number.",[20,159935,159936,159937,114],{},"For a step-by-step guide, see ",[125,159938,8636],{"href":8635},[60,159940,159942,10243,159944],{"id":159941},"type-vs-isinstance",[15,159943,1943],{},[15,159945,44459],{},[20,159947,159948,51,159950,159952],{},[15,159949,1943],{},[15,159951,44459],{}," are related, but they do different jobs.",[30,159954,159955,159960],{},[33,159956,159957,159959],{},[15,159958,1943],{}," tells you the exact type",[33,159961,159962,159964],{},[15,159963,44459],{}," checks whether a value matches a type",[20,159966,506],{},[65,159968,159970],{"className":67,"code":159969,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,159971,159972,159980,159984,159998],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,159973,159974,159976,159978],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,159975,2089],{"class":80},[74,159977,85],{"class":84},[74,159979,34499],{"class":167},[74,159981,159982],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,159983,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,159985,159986,159988,159990,159992,159994,159996],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,159987,103],{"class":102},[74,159989,107],{"class":106},[74,159991,1346],{"class":1345},[74,159993,107],{"class":106},[74,159995,246],{"class":110},[74,159997,130],{"class":106},[74,159999,160000,160002,160004,160006,160008,160010,160012,160014],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,160001,103],{"class":102},[74,160003,107],{"class":106},[74,160005,48527],{"class":102},[74,160007,107],{"class":106},[74,160009,246],{"class":110},[74,160011,249],{"class":106},[74,160013,44930],{"class":1345},[74,160015,130],{"class":106},[20,160017,157],{},[65,160019,160021],{"className":67,"code":160020,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\nTrue\n",[15,160022,160023,160037],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,160024,160025,160027,160029,160031,160033,160035],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,160026,2935],{"class":84},[74,160028,2938],{"class":1711},[74,160030,2941],{"class":88},[74,160032,1831],{"class":92},[74,160034,2946],{"class":88},[74,160036,2949],{"class":84},[74,160038,160039],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,160040,3631],{"class":3504},[20,160042,160043,160044,160046],{},"For many beginner condition checks, ",[15,160045,44459],{}," is more practical.",[65,160048,160050],{"className":67,"code":160049,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"value = 5\n\nif isinstance(value, int):\n    print(\"This is an integer\")\n",[15,160051,160052,160060,160064,160080],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,160053,160054,160056,160058],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,160055,2089],{"class":80},[74,160057,85],{"class":84},[74,160059,34499],{"class":167},[74,160061,160062],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,160063,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,160065,160066,160068,160070,160072,160074,160076,160078],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,160067,6651],{"class":3529},[74,160069,49265],{"class":102},[74,160071,107],{"class":106},[74,160073,246],{"class":110},[74,160075,249],{"class":106},[74,160077,44930],{"class":1345},[74,160079,8000],{"class":106},[74,160081,160082,160084,160086,160088,160091,160093],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,160083,7726],{"class":102},[74,160085,107],{"class":106},[74,160087,122],{"class":88},[74,160089,160090],{"class":92},"This is an integer",[74,160092,122],{"class":88},[74,160094,260],{"class":106},[20,160096,176,160097,160099],{},[15,160098,1943],{}," when you want to inspect or print the exact type.",[20,160101,176,160102,160104,160105,6826],{},[15,160103,44459],{}," when you want to check a type inside logic such as ",[15,160106,6651],{},[20,160108,160109,160110,114],{},"See the dedicated guide for more detail: ",[125,160111,3223,160113,3156],{"href":160112},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained\u002F",[15,160114,44459],{},[60,160116,160118,160119],{"id":160117},"the-three-argument-form-of-type","The three-argument form of ",[15,160120,1943],{},[20,160122,160123],{},"Python also supports this advanced form:",[65,160125,160127],{"className":67,"code":160126,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"type(name, bases, dict)\n",[15,160128,160129],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,160130,160131,160133,160135,160137,160139,160142,160144,160146],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,160132,1346],{"class":1345},[74,160134,107],{"class":106},[74,160136,7323],{"class":110},[74,160138,249],{"class":106},[74,160140,160141],{"class":110}," bases",[74,160143,249],{"class":106},[74,160145,8826],{"class":1345},[74,160147,260],{"class":106},[20,160149,160150],{},"This creates a new class dynamically.",[20,160152,506],{},[65,160154,160156],{"className":67,"code":160155,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"Person = type(\"Person\", (), {\"species\": \"human\"})\n\nprint(Person)\nprint(Person.species)\n",[15,160157,160158,160201,160205,160215],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,160159,160160,160163,160165,160167,160169,160171,160174,160176,160178,160181,160183,160185,160188,160190,160192,160194,160197,160199],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,160161,160162],{"class":80},"Person ",[74,160164,85],{"class":84},[74,160166,49042],{"class":1345},[74,160168,107],{"class":106},[74,160170,122],{"class":88},[74,160172,160173],{"class":92},"Person",[74,160175,122],{"class":88},[74,160177,249],{"class":106},[74,160179,160180],{"class":106}," (),",[74,160182,10148],{"class":106},[74,160184,122],{"class":88},[74,160186,160187],{"class":92},"species",[74,160189,122],{"class":88},[74,160191,679],{"class":106},[74,160193,89],{"class":88},[74,160195,160196],{"class":92},"human",[74,160198,122],{"class":88},[74,160200,30152],{"class":106},[74,160202,160203],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,160204,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,160206,160207,160209,160211,160213],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,160208,103],{"class":102},[74,160210,107],{"class":106},[74,160212,160173],{"class":110},[74,160214,260],{"class":106},[74,160216,160217,160219,160221,160223,160225,160227],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,160218,103],{"class":102},[74,160220,107],{"class":106},[74,160222,160173],{"class":110},[74,160224,114],{"class":106},[74,160226,160187],{"class":24406},[74,160228,260],{"class":106},[20,160230,157],{},[65,160232,160234],{"className":67,"code":160233,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"\u003Cclass '__main__.Person'>\nhuman\n",[15,160235,160236,160251],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,160237,160238,160240,160242,160244,160247,160249],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,160239,2935],{"class":84},[74,160241,2938],{"class":1711},[74,160243,2941],{"class":88},[74,160245,160246],{"class":92},"__main__.Person",[74,160248,2946],{"class":88},[74,160250,2949],{"class":84},[74,160252,160253],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,160254,160255],{"class":80},"human\n",[20,160257,160258,160259,160261],{},"Most beginners do ",[332,160260,334],{}," need this form.",[20,160263,160264],{},"It is mainly used in advanced Python code involving classes and metaprogramming. For everyday learning and debugging, the one-argument form is the important one.",[60,160266,1260,160268],{"id":160267},"when-to-use-type",[15,160269,1943],{},[20,160271,160272,12103],{},[15,160273,1943],{},[30,160275,160276,160279,160282,160285],{},[33,160277,160278],{},"debug unexpected values",[33,160280,160281],{},"check what a conversion produced",[33,160283,160284],{},"learn Python data types",[33,160286,160287],{},"inspect objects while reading examples",[20,160289,5122],{},[65,160291,160293],{"className":67,"code":160292,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,160294,160295,160307,160321,160325,160339],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,160296,160297,160299,160301,160303,160305],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,160298,81],{"class":80},[74,160300,85],{"class":84},[74,160302,89],{"class":88},[74,160304,49898],{"class":92},[74,160306,96],{"class":88},[74,160308,160309,160311,160313,160315,160317,160319],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,160310,1859],{"class":80},[74,160312,85],{"class":84},[74,160314,44930],{"class":1345},[74,160316,107],{"class":106},[74,160318,111],{"class":110},[74,160320,260],{"class":106},[74,160322,160323],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,160324,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,160326,160327,160329,160331,160333,160335,160337],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,160328,103],{"class":102},[74,160330,107],{"class":106},[74,160332,1346],{"class":1345},[74,160334,107],{"class":106},[74,160336,111],{"class":110},[74,160338,130],{"class":106},[74,160340,160341,160343,160345,160347,160349,160351],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,160342,103],{"class":102},[74,160344,107],{"class":106},[74,160346,1346],{"class":1345},[74,160348,107],{"class":106},[74,160350,1881],{"class":110},[74,160352,130],{"class":106},[20,160354,157],{},[65,160356,160357],{"className":67,"code":124540,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,160358,160359,160373],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,160360,160361,160363,160365,160367,160369,160371],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,160362,2935],{"class":84},[74,160364,2938],{"class":1711},[74,160366,2941],{"class":88},[74,160368,3090],{"class":92},[74,160370,2946],{"class":88},[74,160372,2949],{"class":84},[74,160374,160375,160377,160379,160381,160383,160385],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,160376,2935],{"class":84},[74,160378,2938],{"class":1711},[74,160380,2941],{"class":88},[74,160382,1831],{"class":92},[74,160384,2946],{"class":88},[74,160386,2949],{"class":84},[20,160388,160389],{},"This helps you see the difference between text and numbers clearly.",[20,160391,160392,160393,220,160397,16730,160401,160405],{},"If you need to convert values after checking them, functions like ",[125,160394,160395],{"href":41830},[15,160396,47336],{},[125,160398,160399],{"href":2518},[15,160400,2521],{},[125,160402,160403],{"href":2524},[15,160404,2527],{}," are often the next step.",[60,160407,25014],{"id":25013},[20,160409,160410,160411,160413],{},"A few things about ",[15,160412,1943],{}," often confuse beginners.",[262,160415,160417,160420],{"id":160416},"type5-does-not-return-plain-text",[15,160418,160419],{},"type(5)"," does not return plain text",[20,160422,64289],{},[65,160424,160426],{"className":67,"code":160425,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(type(5))\n",[15,160427,160428],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,160429,160430,160432,160434,160436,160438,160440],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,160431,103],{"class":102},[74,160433,107],{"class":106},[74,160435,1346],{"class":1345},[74,160437,107],{"class":106},[74,160439,711],{"class":167},[74,160441,130],{"class":106},[20,160443,122552],{},[65,160445,160446],{"className":67,"code":155895,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,160447,160448],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,160449,160450,160452,160454,160456,160458,160460],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,160451,2935],{"class":84},[74,160453,2938],{"class":1711},[74,160455,2941],{"class":88},[74,160457,1831],{"class":92},[74,160459,2946],{"class":88},[74,160461,2949],{"class":84},[20,160463,330,160464,160466,160467,114],{},[332,160465,334],{}," print just ",[15,160468,1831],{},[20,160470,6330,160471,160473],{},[15,160472,1943],{}," returns a class object.",[262,160475,160477,2039,160479],{"id":160476},"input-returns-str",[15,160478,2601],{},[15,160480,3090],{},[20,160482,79179],{},[65,160484,160486],{"className":67,"code":160485,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,160487,160488,160506],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,160489,160490,160492,160494,160496,160498,160500,160502,160504],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,160491,2089],{"class":80},[74,160493,85],{"class":84},[74,160495,7900],{"class":102},[74,160497,107],{"class":106},[74,160499,122],{"class":88},[74,160501,45964],{"class":92},[74,160503,122],{"class":88},[74,160505,260],{"class":106},[74,160507,160508,160510,160512,160514,160516,160518],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,160509,103],{"class":102},[74,160511,107],{"class":106},[74,160513,1346],{"class":1345},[74,160515,107],{"class":106},[74,160517,246],{"class":110},[74,160519,130],{"class":106},[20,160521,160522],{},"No matter what the user types, the result is a string unless you convert it.",[20,160524,160525,160526,339,160528,114],{},"If you need a number, use ",[15,160527,2521],{},[15,160529,2527],{},[262,160531,160533],{"id":160532},"comparing-type-names-as-strings-is-usually-not-the-best-idea","Comparing type names as strings is usually not the best idea",[20,160535,160536],{},"Avoid code like this:",[65,160538,160540],{"className":67,"code":160539,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"value = 5\n\nif str(type(value)) == \"\u003Cclass 'int'>\":\n    print(\"It is an int\")\n",[15,160541,160542,160550,160554,160580],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,160543,160544,160546,160548],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,160545,2089],{"class":80},[74,160547,85],{"class":84},[74,160549,34499],{"class":167},[74,160551,160552],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,160553,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,160555,160556,160558,160560,160562,160564,160566,160568,160570,160572,160574,160576,160578],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,160557,6651],{"class":3529},[74,160559,48556],{"class":1345},[74,160561,107],{"class":106},[74,160563,1346],{"class":1345},[74,160565,107],{"class":106},[74,160567,246],{"class":110},[74,160569,5011],{"class":106},[74,160571,6061],{"class":84},[74,160573,89],{"class":88},[74,160575,159274],{"class":92},[74,160577,122],{"class":88},[74,160579,6046],{"class":106},[74,160581,160582,160584,160586,160588,160591,160593],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,160583,7726],{"class":102},[74,160585,107],{"class":106},[74,160587,122],{"class":88},[74,160589,160590],{"class":92},"It is an int",[74,160592,122],{"class":88},[74,160594,260],{"class":106},[20,160596,160597],{},"This works, but it is not a good approach.",[20,160599,160600],{},"Better options:",[65,160602,160604],{"className":67,"code":160603,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value) == int)\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,160605,160606,160614,160618,160638],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,160607,160608,160610,160612],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,160609,2089],{"class":80},[74,160611,85],{"class":84},[74,160613,34499],{"class":167},[74,160615,160616],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,160617,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,160619,160620,160622,160624,160626,160628,160630,160632,160634,160636],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,160621,103],{"class":102},[74,160623,107],{"class":106},[74,160625,1346],{"class":1345},[74,160627,107],{"class":106},[74,160629,246],{"class":110},[74,160631,3311],{"class":106},[74,160633,6061],{"class":84},[74,160635,44930],{"class":1345},[74,160637,260],{"class":106},[74,160639,160640,160642,160644,160646,160648,160650,160652,160654],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,160641,103],{"class":102},[74,160643,107],{"class":106},[74,160645,48527],{"class":102},[74,160647,107],{"class":106},[74,160649,246],{"class":110},[74,160651,249],{"class":106},[74,160653,44930],{"class":1345},[74,160655,130],{"class":106},[20,160657,157],{},[65,160659,160660],{"className":67,"code":4156,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,160661,160662,160666],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,160663,160664],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,160665,3631],{"class":3504},[74,160667,160668],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,160669,3631],{"class":3504},[20,160671,160672,160673,160675],{},"In most real code, ",[15,160674,44459],{}," is the more useful check.",[60,160677,914],{"id":913},[20,160679,14391,160680,679],{},[15,160681,1943],{},[30,160683,160684,160694,160703,160712],{},[33,160685,571,160686,160688,160689,160693],{},[15,160687,1943],{}," to check user input and forgetting that ",[125,160690,160691],{"href":7877},[15,160692,2601],{}," always returns a string",[33,160695,923,160696,160698,160699,10750,160701],{},[15,160697,1943],{}," to return plain text like ",[15,160700,1831],{},[15,160702,159274],{},[33,160704,571,160705,1462,160708,160711],{},[15,160706,160707],{},"type(x) == SomeType",[15,160709,160710],{},"isinstance(x, SomeType)"," is more appropriate",[33,160713,160714],{},"Confusing the basic one-argument form with the advanced class-creation form",[20,160716,160717,160718,114],{},"If your problem is really about bad input or failed conversion, you may also want to read ",[125,160719,160721],{"href":160720},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained\u002F","TypeError vs ValueError in Python explained",[20,160723,144049],{},[65,160725,160727],{"className":67,"code":160726,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(repr(value))\nhelp(type)\ndir(value)\n",[15,160728,160729,160743,160753,160767,160777],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,160730,160731,160733,160735,160737,160739,160741],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,160732,103],{"class":102},[74,160734,107],{"class":106},[74,160736,1346],{"class":1345},[74,160738,107],{"class":106},[74,160740,246],{"class":110},[74,160742,130],{"class":106},[74,160744,160745,160747,160749,160751],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,160746,103],{"class":102},[74,160748,107],{"class":106},[74,160750,246],{"class":110},[74,160752,260],{"class":106},[74,160754,160755,160757,160759,160761,160763,160765],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,160756,103],{"class":102},[74,160758,107],{"class":106},[74,160760,41434],{"class":102},[74,160762,107],{"class":106},[74,160764,246],{"class":110},[74,160766,130],{"class":106},[74,160768,160769,160771,160773,160775],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,160770,31809],{"class":102},[74,160772,107],{"class":106},[74,160774,1346],{"class":1345},[74,160776,260],{"class":106},[74,160778,160779,160781,160783,160785],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,160780,34030],{"class":102},[74,160782,107],{"class":106},[74,160784,246],{"class":110},[74,160786,260],{"class":106},[20,160788,160789],{},"These can help you understand both the value and the object you are working with.",[60,160791,1471],{"id":1470},[262,160793,1495,160795,4796],{"id":160794},"what-does-type-return-in-python",[15,160796,1943],{},[20,160798,160799,160800,220,160802,220,160804,1835,160806,160808,160809,114],{},"It returns the type of an object, such as ",[15,160801,3090],{},[15,160803,1831],{},[15,160805,7751],{},[15,160807,8477],{},", shown as a class object like ",[15,160810,159271],{},[262,160812,1485,160814,56858,160816,2135],{"id":160813},"is-type-the-same-as-isinstance",[15,160815,1943],{},[15,160817,44459],{},[20,160819,46019,160820,160822,160823,160825],{},[15,160821,1943],{}," shows the exact type. ",[15,160824,44459],{}," checks whether a value is an instance of a type.",[262,160827,4808,160829,160832,160833,2135],{"id":160828},"why-does-typeinputenter-show-str",[15,160830,160831],{},"type(input(\"Enter: \"))"," show ",[15,160834,3090],{},[20,160836,28716,160837,160839,160840,339,160842,159933],{},[15,160838,2601],{}," always returns text. Convert it with ",[15,160841,2521],{},[15,160843,2527],{},[262,160845,1507,160847,160849],{"id":160846},"can-type-create-classes",[15,160848,1943],{}," create classes?",[20,160851,160852,160853,114],{},"Yes, in its three-argument form, but most beginners only need ",[15,160854,160855],{},"type(object)",[60,160857,1527],{"id":1526},[30,160859,160860,160864,160870,160876,160880,160886,160892],{},[33,160861,160862],{},[125,160863,44451],{"href":48630},[33,160865,160866],{},[125,160867,3223,160868,3156],{"href":160112},[15,160869,44459],{},[33,160871,160872],{},[125,160873,3223,160874,3156],{"href":7877},[15,160875,2601],{},[33,160877,160878],{},[125,160879,8713],{"href":8635},[33,160881,160882],{},[125,160883,3223,160884,3156],{"href":2518},[15,160885,2521],{},[33,160887,160888],{},[125,160889,3223,160890,3156],{"href":2524},[15,160891,2527],{},[33,160893,160894],{},[125,160895,3223,160896,3156],{"href":41830},[15,160897,47336],{},[1566,160899,160900],{},"html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":70,"searchDepth":99,"depth":99,"links":160902},[160903,160904,160906,160907,160908,160910,160912,160914,160916,160923,160924,160934],{"id":3255,"depth":99,"text":3256},{"id":159277,"depth":99,"text":160905},"What the type() function does",{"id":226,"depth":99,"text":227},{"id":121520,"depth":99,"text":121521},{"id":159635,"depth":99,"text":160909},"Using type() with variables",{"id":159941,"depth":99,"text":160911},"type() vs isinstance()",{"id":160117,"depth":99,"text":160913},"The three-argument form of type()",{"id":160267,"depth":99,"text":160915},"When to use type()",{"id":25013,"depth":99,"text":25014,"children":160917},[160918,160920,160922],{"id":160416,"depth":133,"text":160919},"type(5) does not return plain text",{"id":160476,"depth":133,"text":160921},"input() returns str",{"id":160532,"depth":133,"text":160533},{"id":913,"depth":99,"text":914},{"id":1470,"depth":99,"text":1471,"children":160925},[160926,160928,160930,160932],{"id":160794,"depth":133,"text":160927},"What does type() return in Python?",{"id":160813,"depth":133,"text":160929},"Is type() the same as isinstance()?",{"id":160828,"depth":133,"text":160931},"Why does type(input(\"Enter: \")) show str?",{"id":160846,"depth":133,"text":160933},"Can type() create classes?",{"id":1526,"depth":99,"text":1527},"Master python type function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":159111,"description":160935},"reference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained","lFC3dTd8qBenijQclazGCNFBbd8GpCTjh_Z1roTe7DM",{"id":160941,"title":160942,"body":160943,"description":163422,"extension":1610,"meta":163423,"navigation":407,"path":163424,"seo":163425,"stem":163426,"__hash__":163427},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained.md","Python zip() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":160944,"toc":163379},[160945,160950,160955,160964,160966,161066,161068,161093,161098,161103,161119,161122,161124,161126,161151,161154,161157,161240,161242,161291,161294,161416,161418,161491,161495,161498,161612,161614,161640,161642,161663,161668,161672,161677,161680,161784,161786,161803,161812,161815,161902,161904,161915,161920,161926,161931,161937,161940,162033,162035,162084,162090,162093,162194,162196,162249,162254,162258,162261,162360,162362,162401,162404,162409,162411,162416,162420,162533,162537,162634,162638,162726,162728,162745,162749,162872,162878,162884,162890,162895,162898,162925,162929,162931,163025,163028,163032,163035,163122,163125,163160,163162,163199,163202,163210,163215,163220,163294,163301,163303,163308,163311,163317,163320,163326,163331,163337,163342,163346,163349,163351,163376],[10,160946,3223,160948,3227],{"id":160947},"python-zip-function-explained",[15,160949,63966],{},[20,160951,160952,160954],{},[15,160953,63966],{}," is a built-in Python function that combines items from two or more iterables by position.",[20,160956,160957,160958,160960,160961,160963],{},"It is useful when you want to work with related values at the same time, such as names and scores, or keys and values. Beginners often use ",[15,160959,63966],{}," inside a ",[15,160962,5609],{}," loop or convert its result into a list or dictionary.",[60,160965,63],{"id":62},[65,160967,160969],{"className":67,"code":160968,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,160970,160971,161003,161023,161027,161052],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,160972,160973,160975,160977,160979,160981,160983,160985,160987,160989,160991,160993,160995,160997,160999,161001],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,160974,4646],{"class":80},[74,160976,85],{"class":84},[74,160978,3271],{"class":106},[74,160980,122],{"class":88},[74,160982,12539],{"class":92},[74,160984,122],{"class":88},[74,160986,249],{"class":106},[74,160988,89],{"class":88},[74,160990,35598],{"class":92},[74,160992,122],{"class":88},[74,160994,249],{"class":106},[74,160996,89],{"class":88},[74,160998,35607],{"class":92},[74,161000,122],{"class":88},[74,161002,3284],{"class":106},[74,161004,161005,161007,161009,161011,161013,161015,161017,161019,161021],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,161006,4715],{"class":80},[74,161008,85],{"class":84},[74,161010,3271],{"class":106},[74,161012,13159],{"class":167},[74,161014,249],{"class":106},[74,161016,13164],{"class":167},[74,161018,249],{"class":106},[74,161020,28575],{"class":167},[74,161022,3284],{"class":106},[74,161024,161025],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,161026,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,161028,161029,161031,161033,161035,161037,161039,161042,161044,161046,161048,161050],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,161030,5609],{"class":3529},[74,161032,35649],{"class":80},[74,161034,249],{"class":106},[74,161036,4757],{"class":80},[74,161038,351],{"class":3529},[74,161040,161041],{"class":102}," zip",[74,161043,107],{"class":106},[74,161045,4690],{"class":110},[74,161047,249],{"class":106},[74,161049,4762],{"class":110},[74,161051,8000],{"class":106},[74,161053,161054,161056,161058,161060,161062,161064],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,161055,7726],{"class":102},[74,161057,107],{"class":106},[74,161059,7323],{"class":110},[74,161061,249],{"class":106},[74,161063,130329],{"class":110},[74,161065,260],{"class":106},[20,161067,157],{},[65,161069,161071],{"className":67,"code":161070,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"Ana 90\nBen 85\nCara 88\n",[15,161072,161073,161079,161086],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,161074,161075,161077],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,161076,133348],{"class":80},[74,161078,32793],{"class":167},[74,161080,161081,161084],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,161082,161083],{"class":80},"Ben ",[74,161085,32798],{"class":167},[74,161087,161088,161091],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,161089,161090],{"class":80},"Cara ",[74,161092,32803],{"class":167},[20,161094,176,161095,161097],{},[15,161096,63966],{}," when you want to loop through two or more iterables at the same time. It pairs items by position.",[60,161099,3328,161101,38],{"id":161100},"what-zip-does",[15,161102,63966],{},[30,161104,161105,161110,161113,161116],{},[33,161106,161107,161109],{},[15,161108,63966],{}," combines items from two or more iterables",[33,161111,161112],{},"It groups items by matching positions",[33,161114,161115],{},"The result is a zip object, which is an iterator",[33,161117,161118],{},"A zip object can be looped over or converted to a list",[20,161120,161121],{},"For example, if you combine two lists, the first item from each list becomes one pair, the second item from each list becomes another pair, and so on.",[60,161123,227],{"id":226},[20,161125,6872],{},[65,161127,161129],{"className":67,"code":161128,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"zip(iterable1, iterable2, ...)\n",[15,161130,161131],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,161132,161133,161135,161137,161140,161142,161145,161147,161149],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,161134,64036],{"class":102},[74,161136,107],{"class":106},[74,161138,161139],{"class":110},"iterable1",[74,161141,249],{"class":106},[74,161143,161144],{"class":110}," iterable2",[74,161146,249],{"class":106},[74,161148,34112],{"class":102},[74,161150,260],{"class":106},[20,161152,161153],{},"Each step creates one tuple of matched items.",[20,161155,161156],{},"If you pass two iterables, each result item has two values:",[65,161158,161160],{"className":67,"code":161159,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nletters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(numbers, letters)))\n",[15,161161,161162,161182,161214,161218],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,161163,161164,161166,161168,161170,161172,161174,161176,161178,161180],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,161165,3266],{"class":80},[74,161167,85],{"class":84},[74,161169,3271],{"class":106},[74,161171,2632],{"class":167},[74,161173,249],{"class":106},[74,161175,620],{"class":167},[74,161177,249],{"class":106},[74,161179,2094],{"class":167},[74,161181,3284],{"class":106},[74,161183,161184,161186,161188,161190,161192,161194,161196,161198,161200,161202,161204,161206,161208,161210,161212],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,161185,35746],{"class":80},[74,161187,85],{"class":84},[74,161189,3271],{"class":106},[74,161191,122],{"class":88},[74,161193,125],{"class":92},[74,161195,122],{"class":88},[74,161197,249],{"class":106},[74,161199,89],{"class":88},[74,161201,4412],{"class":92},[74,161203,122],{"class":88},[74,161205,249],{"class":106},[74,161207,89],{"class":88},[74,161209,9396],{"class":92},[74,161211,122],{"class":88},[74,161213,3284],{"class":106},[74,161215,161216],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,161217,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,161219,161220,161222,161224,161226,161228,161230,161232,161234,161236,161238],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,161221,103],{"class":102},[74,161223,107],{"class":106},[74,161225,7751],{"class":1345},[74,161227,107],{"class":106},[74,161229,64036],{"class":102},[74,161231,107],{"class":106},[74,161233,3298],{"class":110},[74,161235,249],{"class":106},[74,161237,69737],{"class":110},[74,161239,2555],{"class":106},[20,161241,157],{},[65,161243,161245],{"className":67,"code":161244,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"[(1, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (3, 'c')]\n",[15,161246,161247],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,161248,161249,161251,161253,161255,161257,161259,161261,161263,161265,161267,161269,161271,161273,161275,161277,161279,161281,161283,161285,161287,161289],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,161250,21396],{"class":106},[74,161252,2632],{"class":167},[74,161254,249],{"class":106},[74,161256,2941],{"class":88},[74,161258,125],{"class":92},[74,161260,2946],{"class":88},[74,161262,8889],{"class":106},[74,161264,8892],{"class":106},[74,161266,687],{"class":167},[74,161268,249],{"class":106},[74,161270,2941],{"class":88},[74,161272,4412],{"class":92},[74,161274,2946],{"class":88},[74,161276,8889],{"class":106},[74,161278,8892],{"class":106},[74,161280,321],{"class":167},[74,161282,249],{"class":106},[74,161284,2941],{"class":88},[74,161286,9396],{"class":92},[74,161288,2946],{"class":88},[74,161290,8905],{"class":106},[20,161292,161293],{},"If you pass three iterables, each result item has three values:",[65,161295,161297],{"className":67,"code":161296,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\ngrades = [\"A\", \"B\", \"B+\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(names, scores, grades)))\n",[15,161298,161299,161331,161351,161385,161389],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,161300,161301,161303,161305,161307,161309,161311,161313,161315,161317,161319,161321,161323,161325,161327,161329],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,161302,4646],{"class":80},[74,161304,85],{"class":84},[74,161306,3271],{"class":106},[74,161308,122],{"class":88},[74,161310,12539],{"class":92},[74,161312,122],{"class":88},[74,161314,249],{"class":106},[74,161316,89],{"class":88},[74,161318,35598],{"class":92},[74,161320,122],{"class":88},[74,161322,249],{"class":106},[74,161324,89],{"class":88},[74,161326,35607],{"class":92},[74,161328,122],{"class":88},[74,161330,3284],{"class":106},[74,161332,161333,161335,161337,161339,161341,161343,161345,161347,161349],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,161334,4715],{"class":80},[74,161336,85],{"class":84},[74,161338,3271],{"class":106},[74,161340,13159],{"class":167},[74,161342,249],{"class":106},[74,161344,13164],{"class":167},[74,161346,249],{"class":106},[74,161348,28575],{"class":167},[74,161350,3284],{"class":106},[74,161352,161353,161356,161358,161360,161362,161364,161366,161368,161370,161372,161374,161376,161378,161381,161383],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,161354,161355],{"class":80},"grades ",[74,161357,85],{"class":84},[74,161359,3271],{"class":106},[74,161361,122],{"class":88},[74,161363,21901],{"class":92},[74,161365,122],{"class":88},[74,161367,249],{"class":106},[74,161369,89],{"class":88},[74,161371,30256],{"class":92},[74,161373,122],{"class":88},[74,161375,249],{"class":106},[74,161377,89],{"class":88},[74,161379,161380],{"class":92},"B+",[74,161382,122],{"class":88},[74,161384,3284],{"class":106},[74,161386,161387],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,161388,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,161390,161391,161393,161395,161397,161399,161401,161403,161405,161407,161409,161411,161414],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,161392,103],{"class":102},[74,161394,107],{"class":106},[74,161396,7751],{"class":1345},[74,161398,107],{"class":106},[74,161400,64036],{"class":102},[74,161402,107],{"class":106},[74,161404,4690],{"class":110},[74,161406,249],{"class":106},[74,161408,4762],{"class":110},[74,161410,249],{"class":106},[74,161412,161413],{"class":110}," grades",[74,161415,2555],{"class":106},[20,161417,157],{},[65,161419,161421],{"className":67,"code":161420,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"[('Ana', 90, 'A'), ('Ben', 85, 'B'), ('Cara', 88, 'B+')]\n",[15,161422,161423],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,161424,161425,161427,161429,161431,161433,161435,161437,161439,161441,161443,161445,161447,161449,161451,161453,161455,161457,161459,161461,161463,161465,161467,161469,161471,161473,161475,161477,161479,161481,161483,161485,161487,161489],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,161426,21396],{"class":106},[74,161428,2946],{"class":88},[74,161430,12539],{"class":92},[74,161432,2946],{"class":88},[74,161434,249],{"class":106},[74,161436,19553],{"class":167},[74,161438,249],{"class":106},[74,161440,2941],{"class":88},[74,161442,21901],{"class":92},[74,161444,2946],{"class":88},[74,161446,8889],{"class":106},[74,161448,8892],{"class":106},[74,161450,2946],{"class":88},[74,161452,35598],{"class":92},[74,161454,2946],{"class":88},[74,161456,249],{"class":106},[74,161458,13164],{"class":167},[74,161460,249],{"class":106},[74,161462,2941],{"class":88},[74,161464,30256],{"class":92},[74,161466,2946],{"class":88},[74,161468,8889],{"class":106},[74,161470,8892],{"class":106},[74,161472,2946],{"class":88},[74,161474,35607],{"class":92},[74,161476,2946],{"class":88},[74,161478,249],{"class":106},[74,161480,28575],{"class":167},[74,161482,249],{"class":106},[74,161484,2941],{"class":88},[74,161486,161380],{"class":92},[74,161488,2946],{"class":88},[74,161490,8905],{"class":106},[60,161492,161494],{"id":161493},"simple-example-with-two-lists","Simple example with two lists",[20,161496,161497],{},"A common beginner use is looping through two related lists at the same time.",[65,161499,161501],{"className":67,"code":161500,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name} scored {score}\")\n",[15,161502,161503,161535,161555,161559,161583],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,161504,161505,161507,161509,161511,161513,161515,161517,161519,161521,161523,161525,161527,161529,161531,161533],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,161506,4646],{"class":80},[74,161508,85],{"class":84},[74,161510,3271],{"class":106},[74,161512,122],{"class":88},[74,161514,12539],{"class":92},[74,161516,122],{"class":88},[74,161518,249],{"class":106},[74,161520,89],{"class":88},[74,161522,35598],{"class":92},[74,161524,122],{"class":88},[74,161526,249],{"class":106},[74,161528,89],{"class":88},[74,161530,35607],{"class":92},[74,161532,122],{"class":88},[74,161534,3284],{"class":106},[74,161536,161537,161539,161541,161543,161545,161547,161549,161551,161553],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,161538,4715],{"class":80},[74,161540,85],{"class":84},[74,161542,3271],{"class":106},[74,161544,13159],{"class":167},[74,161546,249],{"class":106},[74,161548,13164],{"class":167},[74,161550,249],{"class":106},[74,161552,28575],{"class":167},[74,161554,3284],{"class":106},[74,161556,161557],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,161558,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,161560,161561,161563,161565,161567,161569,161571,161573,161575,161577,161579,161581],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,161562,5609],{"class":3529},[74,161564,35649],{"class":80},[74,161566,249],{"class":106},[74,161568,4757],{"class":80},[74,161570,351],{"class":3529},[74,161572,161041],{"class":102},[74,161574,107],{"class":106},[74,161576,4690],{"class":110},[74,161578,249],{"class":106},[74,161580,4762],{"class":110},[74,161582,8000],{"class":106},[74,161584,161585,161587,161589,161591,161593,161595,161597,161599,161602,161604,161606,161608,161610],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,161586,7726],{"class":102},[74,161588,107],{"class":106},[74,161590,21950],{"class":1711},[74,161592,122],{"class":92},[74,161594,8934],{"class":167},[74,161596,7323],{"class":110},[74,161598,21959],{"class":167},[74,161600,161601],{"class":92}," scored ",[74,161603,8934],{"class":167},[74,161605,85157],{"class":110},[74,161607,21959],{"class":167},[74,161609,122],{"class":92},[74,161611,260],{"class":106},[20,161613,157],{},[65,161615,161617],{"className":67,"code":161616,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"Ana scored 90\nBen scored 85\nCara scored 88\n",[15,161618,161619,161626,161633],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,161620,161621,161624],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,161622,161623],{"class":80},"Ana scored ",[74,161625,32793],{"class":167},[74,161627,161628,161631],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,161629,161630],{"class":80},"Ben scored ",[74,161632,32798],{"class":167},[74,161634,161635,161638],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,161636,161637],{"class":80},"Cara scored ",[74,161639,32803],{"class":167},[20,161641,44584],{},[30,161643,161644,161653,161656],{},[33,161645,161646,161649,161650],{},[15,161647,161648],{},"zip(names, scores)"," creates pairs like ",[15,161651,161652],{},"(\"Ana\", 90)",[33,161654,161655],{},"The loop runs once for each pair",[33,161657,161658,51,161660,161662],{},[15,161659,7323],{},[15,161661,85157],{}," unpack the tuple into separate variables",[20,161664,161665,161666,114],{},"If tuple unpacking feels unfamiliar, it may help to first practice ",[125,161667,69254],{"href":69253},[60,161669,161671],{"id":161670},"what-happens-when-lengths-are-different","What happens when lengths are different",[20,161673,161674,161676],{},[15,161675,63966],{}," stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,161678,161679],{},"That means extra items in longer iterables are ignored.",[65,161681,161683],{"className":67,"code":161682,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,161684,161685,161726,161742,161746,161770],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,161686,161687,161689,161691,161693,161695,161697,161699,161701,161703,161705,161707,161709,161711,161713,161715,161717,161719,161722,161724],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,161688,4646],{"class":80},[74,161690,85],{"class":84},[74,161692,3271],{"class":106},[74,161694,122],{"class":88},[74,161696,12539],{"class":92},[74,161698,122],{"class":88},[74,161700,249],{"class":106},[74,161702,89],{"class":88},[74,161704,35598],{"class":92},[74,161706,122],{"class":88},[74,161708,249],{"class":106},[74,161710,89],{"class":88},[74,161712,35607],{"class":92},[74,161714,122],{"class":88},[74,161716,249],{"class":106},[74,161718,89],{"class":88},[74,161720,161721],{"class":92},"Dan",[74,161723,122],{"class":88},[74,161725,3284],{"class":106},[74,161727,161728,161730,161732,161734,161736,161738,161740],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,161729,4715],{"class":80},[74,161731,85],{"class":84},[74,161733,3271],{"class":106},[74,161735,13159],{"class":167},[74,161737,249],{"class":106},[74,161739,13164],{"class":167},[74,161741,3284],{"class":106},[74,161743,161744],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,161745,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,161747,161748,161750,161752,161754,161756,161758,161760,161762,161764,161766,161768],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,161749,5609],{"class":3529},[74,161751,35649],{"class":80},[74,161753,249],{"class":106},[74,161755,4757],{"class":80},[74,161757,351],{"class":3529},[74,161759,161041],{"class":102},[74,161761,107],{"class":106},[74,161763,4690],{"class":110},[74,161765,249],{"class":106},[74,161767,4762],{"class":110},[74,161769,8000],{"class":106},[74,161771,161772,161774,161776,161778,161780,161782],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,161773,7726],{"class":102},[74,161775,107],{"class":106},[74,161777,7323],{"class":110},[74,161779,249],{"class":106},[74,161781,130329],{"class":110},[74,161783,260],{"class":106},[20,161785,157],{},[65,161787,161789],{"className":67,"code":161788,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"Ana 90\nBen 85\n",[15,161790,161791,161797],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,161792,161793,161795],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,161794,133348],{"class":80},[74,161796,32793],{"class":167},[74,161798,161799,161801],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,161800,161083],{"class":80},[74,161802,32798],{"class":167},[20,161804,1927,161805,51,161808,161811],{},[15,161806,161807],{},"\"Cara\"",[15,161809,161810],{},"\"Dan\""," are not used.",[20,161813,161814],{},"This behavior is often helpful, but it can also hide mistakes. If you expected all items to be paired, check the lengths first:",[65,161816,161818],{"className":67,"code":161817,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nprint(len(names), len(scores))\n",[15,161819,161820,161860,161876,161880],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,161821,161822,161824,161826,161828,161830,161832,161834,161836,161838,161840,161842,161844,161846,161848,161850,161852,161854,161856,161858],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,161823,4646],{"class":80},[74,161825,85],{"class":84},[74,161827,3271],{"class":106},[74,161829,122],{"class":88},[74,161831,12539],{"class":92},[74,161833,122],{"class":88},[74,161835,249],{"class":106},[74,161837,89],{"class":88},[74,161839,35598],{"class":92},[74,161841,122],{"class":88},[74,161843,249],{"class":106},[74,161845,89],{"class":88},[74,161847,35607],{"class":92},[74,161849,122],{"class":88},[74,161851,249],{"class":106},[74,161853,89],{"class":88},[74,161855,161721],{"class":92},[74,161857,122],{"class":88},[74,161859,3284],{"class":106},[74,161861,161862,161864,161866,161868,161870,161872,161874],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,161863,4715],{"class":80},[74,161865,85],{"class":84},[74,161867,3271],{"class":106},[74,161869,13159],{"class":167},[74,161871,249],{"class":106},[74,161873,13164],{"class":167},[74,161875,3284],{"class":106},[74,161877,161878],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,161879,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,161881,161882,161884,161886,161888,161890,161892,161894,161896,161898,161900],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,161883,103],{"class":102},[74,161885,107],{"class":106},[74,161887,10820],{"class":102},[74,161889,107],{"class":106},[74,161891,4690],{"class":110},[74,161893,8889],{"class":106},[74,161895,38042],{"class":102},[74,161897,107],{"class":106},[74,161899,16047],{"class":110},[74,161901,130],{"class":106},[20,161903,157],{},[65,161905,161907],{"className":67,"code":161906,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"4 2\n",[15,161908,161909],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,161910,161911,161913],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,161912,2148],{"class":167},[74,161914,45243],{"class":167},[20,161916,161917,161918,114],{},"If missing pairs are unexpected, compare the lengths before using ",[15,161919,63966],{},[60,161921,91747,161923,161925],{"id":161922},"converting-zip-output",[15,161924,63966],{}," output",[20,161927,28716,161928,161930],{},[15,161929,63966],{}," returns a zip object, you often need to convert it.",[262,161932,176,161934],{"id":161933},"use-listzip",[15,161935,161936],{},"list(zip(...))",[20,161938,161939],{},"This is the easiest way to see all pairs at once.",[65,161941,161943],{"className":67,"code":161942,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,161944,161945,161977,161997,162001,162023],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,161946,161947,161949,161951,161953,161955,161957,161959,161961,161963,161965,161967,161969,161971,161973,161975],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,161948,4646],{"class":80},[74,161950,85],{"class":84},[74,161952,3271],{"class":106},[74,161954,122],{"class":88},[74,161956,12539],{"class":92},[74,161958,122],{"class":88},[74,161960,249],{"class":106},[74,161962,89],{"class":88},[74,161964,35598],{"class":92},[74,161966,122],{"class":88},[74,161968,249],{"class":106},[74,161970,89],{"class":88},[74,161972,35607],{"class":92},[74,161974,122],{"class":88},[74,161976,3284],{"class":106},[74,161978,161979,161981,161983,161985,161987,161989,161991,161993,161995],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,161980,4715],{"class":80},[74,161982,85],{"class":84},[74,161984,3271],{"class":106},[74,161986,13159],{"class":167},[74,161988,249],{"class":106},[74,161990,13164],{"class":167},[74,161992,249],{"class":106},[74,161994,28575],{"class":167},[74,161996,3284],{"class":106},[74,161998,161999],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,162000,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,162002,162003,162005,162007,162009,162011,162013,162015,162017,162019,162021],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,162004,8871],{"class":80},[74,162006,85],{"class":84},[74,162008,22216],{"class":1345},[74,162010,107],{"class":106},[74,162012,64036],{"class":102},[74,162014,107],{"class":106},[74,162016,4690],{"class":110},[74,162018,249],{"class":106},[74,162020,4762],{"class":110},[74,162022,130],{"class":106},[74,162024,162025,162027,162029,162031],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,162026,103],{"class":102},[74,162028,107],{"class":106},[74,162030,8918],{"class":110},[74,162032,260],{"class":106},[20,162034,157],{},[65,162036,162038],{"className":67,"code":162037,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85), ('Cara', 88)]\n",[15,162039,162040],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,162041,162042,162044,162046,162048,162050,162052,162054,162056,162058,162060,162062,162064,162066,162068,162070,162072,162074,162076,162078,162080,162082],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,162043,21396],{"class":106},[74,162045,2946],{"class":88},[74,162047,12539],{"class":92},[74,162049,2946],{"class":88},[74,162051,249],{"class":106},[74,162053,19553],{"class":167},[74,162055,8889],{"class":106},[74,162057,8892],{"class":106},[74,162059,2946],{"class":88},[74,162061,35598],{"class":92},[74,162063,2946],{"class":88},[74,162065,249],{"class":106},[74,162067,13164],{"class":167},[74,162069,8889],{"class":106},[74,162071,8892],{"class":106},[74,162073,2946],{"class":88},[74,162075,35607],{"class":92},[74,162077,2946],{"class":88},[74,162079,249],{"class":106},[74,162081,28575],{"class":167},[74,162083,8905],{"class":106},[262,162085,176,162087],{"id":162086},"use-dictzipkeys-values",[15,162088,162089],{},"dict(zip(keys, values))",[20,162091,162092],{},"This is a common way to build a dictionary.",[65,162094,162096],{"className":67,"code":162095,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nvalues = [\"Ana\", 25, \"Lima\"]\n\nperson = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(person)\n",[15,162097,162098,162130,162158,162162,162184],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,162099,162100,162102,162104,162106,162108,162110,162112,162114,162116,162118,162120,162122,162124,162126,162128],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,162101,16900],{"class":80},[74,162103,85],{"class":84},[74,162105,3271],{"class":106},[74,162107,122],{"class":88},[74,162109,7323],{"class":92},[74,162111,122],{"class":88},[74,162113,249],{"class":106},[74,162115,89],{"class":88},[74,162117,8955],{"class":92},[74,162119,122],{"class":88},[74,162121,249],{"class":106},[74,162123,89],{"class":88},[74,162125,10066],{"class":92},[74,162127,122],{"class":88},[74,162129,3284],{"class":106},[74,162131,162132,162134,162136,162138,162140,162142,162144,162146,162148,162150,162152,162154,162156],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,162133,3474],{"class":80},[74,162135,85],{"class":84},[74,162137,3271],{"class":106},[74,162139,122],{"class":88},[74,162141,12539],{"class":92},[74,162143,122],{"class":88},[74,162145,249],{"class":106},[74,162147,8962],{"class":167},[74,162149,249],{"class":106},[74,162151,89],{"class":88},[74,162153,15689],{"class":92},[74,162155,122],{"class":88},[74,162157,3284],{"class":106},[74,162159,162160],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,162161,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,162163,162164,162166,162168,162170,162172,162174,162176,162178,162180,162182],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,162165,12861],{"class":80},[74,162167,85],{"class":84},[74,162169,8826],{"class":1345},[74,162171,107],{"class":106},[74,162173,64036],{"class":102},[74,162175,107],{"class":106},[74,162177,16582],{"class":110},[74,162179,249],{"class":106},[74,162181,3538],{"class":110},[74,162183,130],{"class":106},[74,162185,162186,162188,162190,162192],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,162187,103],{"class":102},[74,162189,107],{"class":106},[74,162191,16965],{"class":110},[74,162193,260],{"class":106},[20,162195,157],{},[65,162197,162199],{"className":67,"code":162198,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,162200,162201],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,162202,162203,162205,162207,162209,162211,162213,162215,162217,162219,162221,162223,162225,162227,162229,162231,162233,162235,162237,162239,162241,162243,162245,162247],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,162204,8934],{"class":106},[74,162206,2946],{"class":88},[74,162208,7323],{"class":92},[74,162210,2946],{"class":88},[74,162212,679],{"class":106},[74,162214,2941],{"class":88},[74,162216,12539],{"class":92},[74,162218,2946],{"class":88},[74,162220,249],{"class":106},[74,162222,2941],{"class":88},[74,162224,8955],{"class":92},[74,162226,2946],{"class":88},[74,162228,679],{"class":106},[74,162230,8962],{"class":167},[74,162232,249],{"class":106},[74,162234,2941],{"class":88},[74,162236,10066],{"class":92},[74,162238,2946],{"class":88},[74,162240,679],{"class":106},[74,162242,2941],{"class":88},[74,162244,15689],{"class":92},[74,162246,2946],{"class":88},[74,162248,8965],{"class":106},[20,162250,162251,162252,114],{},"If you want more dictionary examples, see ",[125,162253,30743],{"href":30742},[262,162255,162257],{"id":162256},"a-zip-object-is-consumed-after-use","A zip object is consumed after use",[20,162259,162260],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After you loop over it once, it is exhausted.",[65,162262,162264],{"className":67,"code":162263,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = zip(names, scores)\n\nprint(list(pairs))\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,162265,162266,162290,162306,162310,162328,162332,162346],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,162267,162268,162270,162272,162274,162276,162278,162280,162282,162284,162286,162288],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,162269,4646],{"class":80},[74,162271,85],{"class":84},[74,162273,3271],{"class":106},[74,162275,122],{"class":88},[74,162277,12539],{"class":92},[74,162279,122],{"class":88},[74,162281,249],{"class":106},[74,162283,89],{"class":88},[74,162285,35598],{"class":92},[74,162287,122],{"class":88},[74,162289,3284],{"class":106},[74,162291,162292,162294,162296,162298,162300,162302,162304],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,162293,4715],{"class":80},[74,162295,85],{"class":84},[74,162297,3271],{"class":106},[74,162299,13159],{"class":167},[74,162301,249],{"class":106},[74,162303,13164],{"class":167},[74,162305,3284],{"class":106},[74,162307,162308],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,162309,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,162311,162312,162314,162316,162318,162320,162322,162324,162326],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,162313,8871],{"class":80},[74,162315,85],{"class":84},[74,162317,161041],{"class":102},[74,162319,107],{"class":106},[74,162321,4690],{"class":110},[74,162323,249],{"class":106},[74,162325,4762],{"class":110},[74,162327,260],{"class":106},[74,162329,162330],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,162331,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,162333,162334,162336,162338,162340,162342,162344],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,162335,103],{"class":102},[74,162337,107],{"class":106},[74,162339,7751],{"class":1345},[74,162341,107],{"class":106},[74,162343,8918],{"class":110},[74,162345,130],{"class":106},[74,162347,162348,162350,162352,162354,162356,162358],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,162349,103],{"class":102},[74,162351,107],{"class":106},[74,162353,7751],{"class":1345},[74,162355,107],{"class":106},[74,162357,8918],{"class":110},[74,162359,130],{"class":106},[20,162361,157],{},[65,162363,162365],{"className":67,"code":162364,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n[]\n",[15,162366,162367,162397],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,162368,162369,162371,162373,162375,162377,162379,162381,162383,162385,162387,162389,162391,162393,162395],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,162370,21396],{"class":106},[74,162372,2946],{"class":88},[74,162374,12539],{"class":92},[74,162376,2946],{"class":88},[74,162378,249],{"class":106},[74,162380,19553],{"class":167},[74,162382,8889],{"class":106},[74,162384,8892],{"class":106},[74,162386,2946],{"class":88},[74,162388,35598],{"class":92},[74,162390,2946],{"class":88},[74,162392,249],{"class":106},[74,162394,13164],{"class":167},[74,162396,8905],{"class":106},[74,162398,162399],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,162400,37953],{"class":106},[20,162402,162403],{},"If you need the data again, convert it to a list first or create a new zip object.",[20,162405,162406,162407,114],{},"For a deeper explanation, see ",[125,162408,4788],{"href":5237},[60,162410,40702],{"id":40701},[20,162412,162413,162414,114],{},"Here are some simple ways beginners use ",[15,162415,63966],{},[262,162417,162419],{"id":162418},"loop-through-names-and-scores-together","Loop through names and scores together",[65,162421,162423],{"className":67,"code":162422,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name}: {score}\")\n",[15,162424,162425,162457,162477,162481,162505],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,162426,162427,162429,162431,162433,162435,162437,162439,162441,162443,162445,162447,162449,162451,162453,162455],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,162428,4646],{"class":80},[74,162430,85],{"class":84},[74,162432,3271],{"class":106},[74,162434,122],{"class":88},[74,162436,12539],{"class":92},[74,162438,122],{"class":88},[74,162440,249],{"class":106},[74,162442,89],{"class":88},[74,162444,35598],{"class":92},[74,162446,122],{"class":88},[74,162448,249],{"class":106},[74,162450,89],{"class":88},[74,162452,35607],{"class":92},[74,162454,122],{"class":88},[74,162456,3284],{"class":106},[74,162458,162459,162461,162463,162465,162467,162469,162471,162473,162475],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,162460,4715],{"class":80},[74,162462,85],{"class":84},[74,162464,3271],{"class":106},[74,162466,13159],{"class":167},[74,162468,249],{"class":106},[74,162470,13164],{"class":167},[74,162472,249],{"class":106},[74,162474,28575],{"class":167},[74,162476,3284],{"class":106},[74,162478,162479],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,162480,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,162482,162483,162485,162487,162489,162491,162493,162495,162497,162499,162501,162503],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,162484,5609],{"class":3529},[74,162486,35649],{"class":80},[74,162488,249],{"class":106},[74,162490,4757],{"class":80},[74,162492,351],{"class":3529},[74,162494,161041],{"class":102},[74,162496,107],{"class":106},[74,162498,4690],{"class":110},[74,162500,249],{"class":106},[74,162502,4762],{"class":110},[74,162504,8000],{"class":106},[74,162506,162507,162509,162511,162513,162515,162517,162519,162521,162523,162525,162527,162529,162531],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,162508,7726],{"class":102},[74,162510,107],{"class":106},[74,162512,21950],{"class":1711},[74,162514,122],{"class":92},[74,162516,8934],{"class":167},[74,162518,7323],{"class":110},[74,162520,21959],{"class":167},[74,162522,21962],{"class":92},[74,162524,8934],{"class":167},[74,162526,85157],{"class":110},[74,162528,21959],{"class":167},[74,162530,122],{"class":92},[74,162532,260],{"class":106},[262,162534,162536],{"id":162535},"combine-keys-and-values-into-a-dictionary","Combine keys and values into a dictionary",[65,162538,162540],{"className":67,"code":162539,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"keys = [\"id\", \"name\", \"active\"]\nvalues = [101, \"Ana\", True]\n\ndata = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(data)\n",[15,162541,162542,162574,162598,162602,162624],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,162543,162544,162546,162548,162550,162552,162554,162556,162558,162560,162562,162564,162566,162568,162570,162572],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,162545,16900],{"class":80},[74,162547,85],{"class":84},[74,162549,3271],{"class":106},[74,162551,122],{"class":88},[74,162553,12308],{"class":92},[74,162555,122],{"class":88},[74,162557,249],{"class":106},[74,162559,89],{"class":88},[74,162561,7323],{"class":92},[74,162563,122],{"class":88},[74,162565,249],{"class":106},[74,162567,89],{"class":88},[74,162569,15479],{"class":92},[74,162571,122],{"class":88},[74,162573,3284],{"class":106},[74,162575,162576,162578,162580,162582,162584,162586,162588,162590,162592,162594,162596],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,162577,3474],{"class":80},[74,162579,85],{"class":84},[74,162581,3271],{"class":106},[74,162583,46246],{"class":167},[74,162585,249],{"class":106},[74,162587,89],{"class":88},[74,162589,12539],{"class":92},[74,162591,122],{"class":88},[74,162593,249],{"class":106},[74,162595,3567],{"class":3504},[74,162597,3284],{"class":106},[74,162599,162600],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,162601,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,162603,162604,162606,162608,162610,162612,162614,162616,162618,162620,162622],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,162605,8821],{"class":80},[74,162607,85],{"class":84},[74,162609,8826],{"class":1345},[74,162611,107],{"class":106},[74,162613,64036],{"class":102},[74,162615,107],{"class":106},[74,162617,16582],{"class":110},[74,162619,249],{"class":106},[74,162621,3538],{"class":110},[74,162623,130],{"class":106},[74,162625,162626,162628,162630,162632],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,162627,103],{"class":102},[74,162629,107],{"class":106},[74,162631,8860],{"class":110},[74,162633,260],{"class":106},[262,162635,162637],{"id":162636},"compare-two-lists-item-by-item","Compare two lists item by item",[65,162639,162641],{"className":67,"code":162640,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"list1 = [10, 20, 30]\nlist2 = [10, 25, 30]\n\nfor a, b in zip(list1, list2):\n    print(a == b)\n",[15,162642,162643,162663,162683,162687,162712],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,162644,162645,162647,162649,162651,162653,162655,162657,162659,162661],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,162646,80295],{"class":80},[74,162648,85],{"class":84},[74,162650,3271],{"class":106},[74,162652,1972],{"class":167},[74,162654,249],{"class":106},[74,162656,7446],{"class":167},[74,162658,249],{"class":106},[74,162660,7451],{"class":167},[74,162662,3284],{"class":106},[74,162664,162665,162667,162669,162671,162673,162675,162677,162679,162681],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,162666,80316],{"class":80},[74,162668,85],{"class":84},[74,162670,3271],{"class":106},[74,162672,1972],{"class":167},[74,162674,249],{"class":106},[74,162676,8962],{"class":167},[74,162678,249],{"class":106},[74,162680,7451],{"class":167},[74,162682,3284],{"class":106},[74,162684,162685],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,162686,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,162688,162689,162691,162693,162695,162698,162700,162702,162704,162706,162708,162710],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,162690,5609],{"class":3529},[74,162692,56540],{"class":80},[74,162694,249],{"class":106},[74,162696,162697],{"class":80}," b ",[74,162699,351],{"class":3529},[74,162701,161041],{"class":102},[74,162703,107],{"class":106},[74,162705,111385],{"class":110},[74,162707,249],{"class":106},[74,162709,80359],{"class":110},[74,162711,8000],{"class":106},[74,162713,162714,162716,162718,162720,162722,162724],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,162715,7726],{"class":102},[74,162717,107],{"class":106},[74,162719,2198],{"class":110},[74,162721,4339],{"class":84},[74,162723,2203],{"class":110},[74,162725,260],{"class":106},[20,162727,157],{},[65,162729,162731],{"className":67,"code":162730,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"True\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,162732,162733,162737,162741],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,162734,162735],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,162736,3631],{"class":3504},[74,162738,162739],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,162740,3692],{"class":3504},[74,162742,162743],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,162744,3631],{"class":3504},[262,162746,162748],{"id":162747},"print-related-values-in-the-same-loop","Print related values in the same loop",[65,162750,162752],{"className":67,"code":162751,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"products = [\"Book\", \"Pen\", \"Bag\"]\nprices = [12.5, 1.2, 25.0]\n\nfor product, price in zip(products, prices):\n    print(f\"{product} costs ${price}\")\n",[15,162753,162754,162789,162812,162816,162843],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,162755,162756,162759,162761,162763,162765,162767,162769,162771,162773,162776,162778,162780,162782,162785,162787],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,162757,162758],{"class":80},"products ",[74,162760,85],{"class":84},[74,162762,3271],{"class":106},[74,162764,122],{"class":88},[74,162766,24797],{"class":92},[74,162768,122],{"class":88},[74,162770,249],{"class":106},[74,162772,89],{"class":88},[74,162774,162775],{"class":92},"Pen",[74,162777,122],{"class":88},[74,162779,249],{"class":106},[74,162781,89],{"class":88},[74,162783,162784],{"class":92},"Bag",[74,162786,122],{"class":88},[74,162788,3284],{"class":106},[74,162790,162791,162793,162795,162797,162800,162802,162805,162807,162810],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,162792,82685],{"class":80},[74,162794,85],{"class":84},[74,162796,3271],{"class":106},[74,162798,162799],{"class":167},"12.5",[74,162801,249],{"class":106},[74,162803,162804],{"class":167}," 1.2",[74,162806,249],{"class":106},[74,162808,162809],{"class":167}," 25.0",[74,162811,3284],{"class":106},[74,162813,162814],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,162815,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,162817,162818,162820,162822,162824,162827,162829,162831,162833,162836,162838,162841],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,162819,5609],{"class":3529},[74,162821,24858],{"class":80},[74,162823,249],{"class":106},[74,162825,162826],{"class":80}," price ",[74,162828,351],{"class":3529},[74,162830,161041],{"class":102},[74,162832,107],{"class":106},[74,162834,162835],{"class":110},"products",[74,162837,249],{"class":106},[74,162839,162840],{"class":110}," prices",[74,162842,8000],{"class":106},[74,162844,162845,162847,162849,162851,162853,162855,162857,162859,162862,162864,162866,162868,162870],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,162846,7726],{"class":102},[74,162848,107],{"class":106},[74,162850,21950],{"class":1711},[74,162852,122],{"class":92},[74,162854,8934],{"class":167},[74,162856,26663],{"class":110},[74,162858,21959],{"class":167},[74,162860,162861],{"class":92}," costs $",[74,162863,8934],{"class":167},[74,162865,24806],{"class":110},[74,162867,21959],{"class":167},[74,162869,122],{"class":92},[74,162871,260],{"class":106},[20,162873,36258,162874,114],{},[125,162875,162877],{"href":162876},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-zip-in-python\u002F","how to use zip in Python",[60,162879,162881,162882],{"id":162880},"common-mistakes-with-zip","Common mistakes with ",[15,162883,63966],{},[262,162885,923,162887,162889],{"id":162886},"expecting-zip-to-keep-going-to-the-longest-iterable",[15,162888,63966],{}," to keep going to the longest iterable",[20,162891,162892,162894],{},[15,162893,63966],{}," does not do that. It stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,162896,162897],{},"If values seem to be missing, compare the lengths:",[65,162899,162901],{"className":67,"code":162900,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"print(len(list1), len(list2))\n",[15,162902,162903],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,162904,162905,162907,162909,162911,162913,162915,162917,162919,162921,162923],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,162906,103],{"class":102},[74,162908,107],{"class":106},[74,162910,10820],{"class":102},[74,162912,107],{"class":106},[74,162914,111385],{"class":110},[74,162916,8889],{"class":106},[74,162918,38042],{"class":102},[74,162920,107],{"class":106},[74,162922,80582],{"class":110},[74,162924,130],{"class":106},[262,162926,162928],{"id":162927},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-zip-object-after-looping-once","Trying to reuse the same zip object after looping once",[20,162930,68477],{},[65,162932,162934],{"className":67,"code":162933,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"pairs = zip([1, 2], [\"a\", \"b\"])\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n",[15,162935,162936,162972,162976,162989,162999,163003,163015],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,162937,162938,162940,162942,162944,162946,162948,162950,162952,162954,162956,162958,162960,162962,162964,162966,162968,162970],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,162939,8871],{"class":80},[74,162941,85],{"class":84},[74,162943,161041],{"class":102},[74,162945,2629],{"class":106},[74,162947,2632],{"class":167},[74,162949,249],{"class":106},[74,162951,620],{"class":167},[74,162953,17717],{"class":106},[74,162955,3271],{"class":106},[74,162957,122],{"class":88},[74,162959,125],{"class":92},[74,162961,122],{"class":88},[74,162963,249],{"class":106},[74,162965,89],{"class":88},[74,162967,4412],{"class":92},[74,162969,122],{"class":88},[74,162971,751],{"class":106},[74,162973,162974],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,162975,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,162977,162978,162980,162982,162984,162987],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,162979,5609],{"class":3529},[74,162981,5612],{"class":80},[74,162983,351],{"class":3529},[74,162985,162986],{"class":80}," pairs",[74,162988,6046],{"class":106},[74,162990,162991,162993,162995,162997],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,162992,7726],{"class":102},[74,162994,107],{"class":106},[74,162996,22966],{"class":110},[74,162998,260],{"class":106},[74,163000,163001],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,163002,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,163004,163005,163007,163009,163011,163013],{"class":76,"line":3049},[74,163006,5609],{"class":3529},[74,163008,5612],{"class":80},[74,163010,351],{"class":3529},[74,163012,162986],{"class":80},[74,163014,6046],{"class":106},[74,163016,163017,163019,163021,163023],{"class":76,"line":6068},[74,163018,7726],{"class":102},[74,163020,107],{"class":106},[74,163022,22966],{"class":110},[74,163024,260],{"class":106},[20,163026,163027],{},"The second loop prints nothing because the zip object has already been used.",[262,163029,163031],{"id":163030},"forgetting-to-unpack-tuple-values-in-a-loop","Forgetting to unpack tuple values in a loop",[20,163033,163034],{},"This is correct:",[65,163036,163038],{"className":67,"code":163037,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,163039,163040,163064,163080,163084,163108],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,163041,163042,163044,163046,163048,163050,163052,163054,163056,163058,163060,163062],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,163043,4646],{"class":80},[74,163045,85],{"class":84},[74,163047,3271],{"class":106},[74,163049,122],{"class":88},[74,163051,12539],{"class":92},[74,163053,122],{"class":88},[74,163055,249],{"class":106},[74,163057,89],{"class":88},[74,163059,35598],{"class":92},[74,163061,122],{"class":88},[74,163063,3284],{"class":106},[74,163065,163066,163068,163070,163072,163074,163076,163078],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,163067,4715],{"class":80},[74,163069,85],{"class":84},[74,163071,3271],{"class":106},[74,163073,13159],{"class":167},[74,163075,249],{"class":106},[74,163077,13164],{"class":167},[74,163079,3284],{"class":106},[74,163081,163082],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,163083,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,163085,163086,163088,163090,163092,163094,163096,163098,163100,163102,163104,163106],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,163087,5609],{"class":3529},[74,163089,35649],{"class":80},[74,163091,249],{"class":106},[74,163093,4757],{"class":80},[74,163095,351],{"class":3529},[74,163097,161041],{"class":102},[74,163099,107],{"class":106},[74,163101,4690],{"class":110},[74,163103,249],{"class":106},[74,163105,4762],{"class":110},[74,163107,8000],{"class":106},[74,163109,163110,163112,163114,163116,163118,163120],{"class":76,"line":1403},[74,163111,7726],{"class":102},[74,163113,107],{"class":106},[74,163115,7323],{"class":110},[74,163117,249],{"class":106},[74,163119,130329],{"class":110},[74,163121,260],{"class":106},[20,163123,163124],{},"If you use only one variable, you get the whole tuple:",[65,163126,163128],{"className":67,"code":163127,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"for item in zip(names, scores):\n    print(item)\n",[15,163129,163130,163150],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,163131,163132,163134,163136,163138,163140,163142,163144,163146,163148],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,163133,5609],{"class":3529},[74,163135,5612],{"class":80},[74,163137,351],{"class":3529},[74,163139,161041],{"class":102},[74,163141,107],{"class":106},[74,163143,4690],{"class":110},[74,163145,249],{"class":106},[74,163147,4762],{"class":110},[74,163149,8000],{"class":106},[74,163151,163152,163154,163156,163158],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,163153,7726],{"class":102},[74,163155,107],{"class":106},[74,163157,22966],{"class":110},[74,163159,260],{"class":106},[20,163161,157],{},[65,163163,163165],{"className":67,"code":163164,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},"('Ana', 90)\n('Ben', 85)\n",[15,163166,163167,163183],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,163168,163169,163171,163173,163175,163177,163179,163181],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,163170,107],{"class":106},[74,163172,2946],{"class":88},[74,163174,12539],{"class":92},[74,163176,2946],{"class":88},[74,163178,249],{"class":106},[74,163180,19553],{"class":167},[74,163182,260],{"class":106},[74,163184,163185,163187,163189,163191,163193,163195,163197],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,163186,107],{"class":106},[74,163188,2946],{"class":88},[74,163190,35598],{"class":92},[74,163192,2946],{"class":88},[74,163194,249],{"class":106},[74,163196,13164],{"class":167},[74,163198,260],{"class":106},[20,163200,163201],{},"Both forms are valid, but they do different things.",[262,163203,571,163205,163207,163208],{"id":163204},"using-zip-when-you-actually-need-indexes-with-enumerate",[15,163206,63966],{}," when you actually need indexes with ",[15,163209,35406],{},[20,163211,176,163212,163214],{},[15,163213,63966],{}," when you want values from multiple iterables.",[20,163216,176,163217,163219],{},[15,163218,35406],{}," when you need a counter or index.",[65,163221,163222],{"className":67,"code":35575,"language":69,"meta":70,"style":70},[15,163223,163224,163256,163260,163280],{"__ignoreMap":70},[74,163225,163226,163228,163230,163232,163234,163236,163238,163240,163242,163244,163246,163248,163250,163252,163254],{"class":76,"line":77},[74,163227,4646],{"class":80},[74,163229,85],{"class":84},[74,163231,3271],{"class":106},[74,163233,122],{"class":88},[74,163235,12539],{"class":92},[74,163237,122],{"class":88},[74,163239,249],{"class":106},[74,163241,89],{"class":88},[74,163243,35598],{"class":92},[74,163245,122],{"class":88},[74,163247,249],{"class":106},[74,163249,89],{"class":88},[74,163251,35607],{"class":92},[74,163253,122],{"class":88},[74,163255,3284],{"class":106},[74,163257,163258],{"class":76,"line":99},[74,163259,408],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":407},[74,163261,163262,163264,163266,163268,163270,163272,163274,163276,163278],{"class":76,"line":133},[74,163263,5609],{"class":3529},[74,163265,35478],{"class":80},[74,163267,249],{"class":106},[74,163269,35626],{"class":80},[74,163271,351],{"class":3529},[74,163273,35488],{"class":102},[74,163275,107],{"class":106},[74,163277,4690],{"class":110},[74,163279,8000],{"class":106},[74,163281,163282,163284,163286,163288,163290,163292],{"class":76,"line":411},[74,163283,7726],{"class":102},[74,163285,107],{"class":106},[74,163287,35503],{"class":110},[74,163289,249],{"class":106},[74,163291,35649],{"class":110},[74,163293,260],{"class":106},[20,163295,163296,163297,114],{},"If that pattern is what you need, read ",[125,163298,3223,163299,3156],{"href":91659},[15,163300,35406],{},[60,163302,1471],{"id":1470},[262,163304,1495,163306,4796],{"id":163305},"what-does-zip-return-in-python",[15,163307,63966],{},[20,163309,163310],{},"It returns a zip object, which is an iterator that produces tuples of matched items.",[262,163312,1517,163314,163316],{"id":163313},"does-zip-work-with-different-lengths",[15,163315,63966],{}," work with different lengths?",[20,163318,163319],{},"Yes, but it stops when the shortest iterable runs out of items.",[262,163321,163323,163324,2135],{"id":163322},"how-do-i-see-the-values-from-zip","How do I see the values from ",[15,163325,63966],{},[20,163327,163328,163329,114],{},"Loop over it or convert it with ",[15,163330,161936],{},[262,163332,163334,163335,2135],{"id":163333},"can-i-make-a-dictionary-with-zip","Can I make a dictionary with ",[15,163336,63966],{},[20,163338,127694,163339,163341],{},[15,163340,162089],{}," when one iterable has keys and the other has values.",[262,163343,163345],{"id":163344},"why-is-my-zip-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my zip object empty the second time?",[20,163347,163348],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After it has been used once, it is exhausted.",[60,163350,1527],{"id":1526},[30,163352,163353,163358,163364,163368,163372],{},[33,163354,163355],{},[125,163356,163357],{"href":162876},"How to use zip in Python",[33,163359,163360],{},[125,163361,3223,163362,3156],{"href":91659},[15,163363,35406],{},[33,163365,163366],{},[125,163367,4865],{"href":5237},[33,163369,163370],{},[125,163371,69330],{"href":69253},[33,163373,163374],{},[125,163375,31917],{"href":30742},[1566,163377,163378],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":70,"searchDepth":99,"depth":99,"links":163380},[163381,163382,163384,163385,163386,163387,163395,163401,163410,163421],{"id":62,"depth":99,"text":63},{"id":161100,"depth":99,"text":163383},"What zip() does",{"id":226,"depth":99,"text":227},{"id":161493,"depth":99,"text":161494},{"id":161670,"depth":99,"text":161671},{"id":161922,"depth":99,"text":163388,"children":163389},"Converting zip() output",[163390,163392,163394],{"id":161933,"depth":133,"text":163391},"Use list(zip(...))",{"id":162086,"depth":133,"text":163393},"Use dict(zip(keys, values))",{"id":162256,"depth":133,"text":162257},{"id":40701,"depth":99,"text":40702,"children":163396},[163397,163398,163399,163400],{"id":162418,"depth":133,"text":162419},{"id":162535,"depth":133,"text":162536},{"id":162636,"depth":133,"text":162637},{"id":162747,"depth":133,"text":162748},{"id":162880,"depth":99,"text":163402,"children":163403},"Common mistakes with zip()",[163404,163406,163407,163408],{"id":162886,"depth":133,"text":163405},"Expecting zip() to keep going to the longest iterable",{"id":162927,"depth":133,"text":162928},{"id":163030,"depth":133,"text":163031},{"id":163204,"depth":133,"text":163409},"Using zip() when you actually need indexes with enumerate()",{"id":1470,"depth":99,"text":1471,"children":163411},[163412,163414,163416,163418,163420],{"id":163305,"depth":133,"text":163413},"What does zip() return in Python?",{"id":163313,"depth":133,"text":163415},"Does zip() work with different lengths?",{"id":163322,"depth":133,"text":163417},"How do I see the values from zip()?",{"id":163333,"depth":133,"text":163419},"Can I make a dictionary with zip()?",{"id":163344,"depth":133,"text":163345},{"id":1526,"depth":99,"text":1527},"Master python zip function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained",{"title":160942,"description":163422},"reference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained","ZunBvxBXnO_OOhvHVmM9GY-KSTXZ7twigdvzrnPWr4U",1776944868775]